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"content": "\u003cp>California’s largest teachers union has moved to put the brakes on legislation that mandates instruction, known as the “science of reading,” that spotlights phonics to teach children to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by the politically powerful California Teachers Association (CTA) puts the fate of Assembly Bill 2222 in question as supporters insist that there is room to negotiate changes that will bring opponents together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CTA’s complaints include some recently voiced by some advocacy organizations for English learners and bilingual education that \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/english-learner-advocates-oppose-science-of-reading-bill/707178\">oppose the bill\u003c/a> and have refused to negotiate any changes to make the bill more acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Yolie Flores, president, Families in Schools\"]‘It’s not the only thing that teachers will need to do and to adhere to, but it’s sort of the basic foundational knowledge of how children’s brains work in order to learn to read.’[/pullquote]The teachers union put its opposition to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2222\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 2222\u003c/a> in writing in a lengthy letter to Assembly Education Committee Chairman Al Muratsuchi last week. The committee is expected to hear the bill, introduced in February, later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://edsource.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/EarllyLit-AB2222-CTA-no-032824.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The letter \u003c/a>includes a checklist of complaints including that the proposed legislation would duplicate and potentially undermine current literacy initiatives, would not meet the needs of English learner students and cuts teachers out of the decision-making process, especially when it comes to curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Educators are best equipped to make school and classroom decisions to ensure student success,” the letter said. “Limiting instructional approaches undermines teachers’ professional autonomy and may impede their effectiveness in the classroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall Tuck, CEO of EdVoice, an advocacy nonprofit co-sponsoring the bill, said he was surprised that CTA would oppose legislation that would ensure all teachers are trained to use the latest brain research to teach children how to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, a lot of folks in the field haven’t actually been trained on that, and a lot of the instruction materials in classrooms today don’t align with that,” Tuck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuck said CTA appears to misunderstand the body of evidence-based research known as the science of reading. It “is not a curriculum and is not a program or a one-size-fits-all approach,” he said. “It will give teachers a foundational understanding of how children learn to read. Teachers will still have a lot of room locally to decide which instructional moves to make on any given day for any given children. So, you’ll still have significant differentiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A nationwide push\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s push to adopt the science of reading approach to early literacy is in sync with \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/the-science-of-reading-in-2024-5-state-initiatives-to-watch/2024/01#:~:text=These%20actions%20join%20a%20mounting,to%20evidence%2Dbased%20reading%20instruction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">37 states \u003c/a>and some cities, such as New York City, that have passed similar legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11972684,mindshift_63241,news_11969236\" label=\"Related Stories\"]States nationwide are rejecting balanced literacy as failing to effectively teach children how to read, since it trains children to use pictures to recognize words on sight, also known as three-cueing. The new method would teach children to decode words by sounding them out, a process known as phonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although phonics, the ability to connect letters to sounds, has drawn the most attention, the science of reading focuses on four other pillars of literacy instruction: phonemic awareness, identifying distinct units of sounds; vocabulary; comprehension; and fluency. It is based on research on how the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/why-theres-more-to-the-science-of-reading-than-phonics/695976\">brain connects \u003c/a>letters with sounds when learning to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with mandating the science of reading approach to instruction, AB 2222 would require that all TK to fifth-grade teachers, literacy coaches and specialists take a 30-hour-minimum course in reading instruction by 2028. School districts and charter schools would purchase textbooks from an approved list endorsed by the State Board of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation goes against the state policy of local control that gives school districts authority to select curriculum and teaching methods as long as they meet state academic standards. Currently, the state encourages, but does not mandate, districts to incorporate instruction in the science of reading in the early grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big bill,” said Yolie Flores, president of Families in Schools, a co-sponsor. “We’re very proud that it’s a big bill because that means it is truly consequential in the best way possible for children. It’s not a sort of tweak around the edges kind though, it’s the kind of bill that really brings transformation. So we are hoping that the Legislature sees beyond the sort of typical pushback and resistance, and in the end, I think, teachers will see that this was a huge benefit for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seeking compromise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bill’s author, Blanca Rubio (D-Baldwin Park) said she took CTA’s seven-page letter not as an outright rejection but as an opportunity for negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m glad they sent this letter,” she said. “They outline their objections and the reasons why, and that’s something I can work with. It’s not a flat, ‘No, we don’t want you to do it.’ They gave me specific items that I can look at and have a conversation about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that Assemblymember Muratsuchi asked her to work with the CTA on a compromise. She is also meeting with consultants for Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Salinas) “to look at the big picture,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Flores says the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/legislative-analyst-update-projects-bigger-funding-drop-for-schools-community-colleges/706457\">budget problems\u003c/a>, with predictions of no money for new programs, may be a bigger hurdle to getting the bill passed than the CTA opposition. The cost of paying for the required professional development for teachers would total $200 million to $300 million, she said. Because it is a mandate, the state would be required to repay districts for the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is a drop in the bucket for something so transformational, so consequential,” Flores said. “I hope that the Legislature really comes to that realization. We’re in a budget deficit, but our budget is a statement of priorities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that it is imperative that California mandate instruction in the science of reading. In 2023, just 43% of California third graders met the academic standards on the state’s standardized test in 2023. Only 27.2% of Black students, 32% of Latino students and 35% of lower-income children were reading at grade level, compared with 57.5% of white, 69% of Asian and 66% of non-low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s foundational,” Flores said. “It’s not the only thing teachers need to know. It’s not the only thing that teachers will need to do and to adhere to, but it’s sort of the basic foundational knowledge of how children’s brains work in order to learn to read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would sunset in 2028 when all teachers are required to have completed training. Beginning in July, all teacher preparation programs would be required to teach future educators to base literacy instruction on the science of reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Needs of English learners\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CTA and other critics of AB 2222 charge that it ignores the need of English learners for oral language skills, vocabulary and comparison between their home languages and English, which they need in order to learn how to read.\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/california-lags-behind-other-states-in-bilingual-education-for-english-learners/701270\"> Four out of 10 students\u003c/a> in California start school as English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuck disputes this. “We actually emphasize oral language development,” he said. “This would be the first statute that would say when instructional materials are adopted, and when teachers are trained in the science of reading, they must include a focus on English learners and oral language development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from Californians Together, an advocacy organization for English learners and bilingual education, applauded the CTA’s opposition to the bill. They oppose the bill, rather than suggest amendments, because they disagree with its overall approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t think this is the right bill to address literacy needs,” said Executive Director Martha Hernandez. “It’s very restrictive. We know that mandates don’t work. It lacks a robust, comprehensive approach for multilingual learners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Californians Together and the California Association for Bilingual Education have both said they would prefer California fund the training of teachers and full implementation of the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/rl/cf/documents/elaeldfwintro.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Language Arts/English Language Development Framework (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The framework was adopted in 2014 and encourages, but does not mandate, explicit instruction in foundational skills and oral language development for English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Language Teachers Association has requested the bill be amended to include information about teaching literacy in languages not based on the English alphabet, such as Japanese, Chinese or Arabic, according to Executive Director Liz Matchett. However, the organization has not yet taken a position on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I agree that we want to support all children to be able to read. If they can’t read, they can’t participate in education, which is the one way that is proven to change people’s circumstances,” said Matchett, who teaches Spanish at Gunn High School in Palo Alto. “There’s nothing to oppose about that. I’m still a classroom teacher, and all the time, you get kids in high school who can’t read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://west.edtrust.org/press-release/statement-on-ab-2222-rubio-early-literacy-science-of-reading/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Trust-West\u003c/a> urges changes in the bill to center the needs of “multilingual learners” — children who speak languages other than English at home — and to include more oversight and fewer mandates, such as those that may discourage new teachers from entering the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If our recommended amendments were to be accepted, EdTrust-West would support it as a much-needed solution to California’s acute literacy crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claude Goldenberg, professor emeritus of education at Stanford University, said “it was disappointing” to see CTA’s opposition, particularly because the union did not suggest amendments. He said he had met with representatives from CTA and urged them to identify what could be changed in the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/english-learners-too-would-benefit-from-fixing-how-we-teach-reading-in-california-this-bill-is-a-good-start/708799\"> EdSource commentary\u003c/a>, Goldenberg urged opponents to “do the right thing for all students. AB 2222’s introduction is an important step forward on the road to universal literacy in California. We must get it on the right track and take it across the finish line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referring to the CTA’s opposition, Goldenberg said, “Obviously my urgings fell flat. They identified why they’re opposing, but there’s no indication of any possible re-evaluation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/english-learners-too-would-benefit-from-fixing-how-we-teach-reading-in-california-this-bill-is-a-good-start/708799\">Goldenberg\u003c/a>, who served on the National Literacy Panel, which synthesized research on literacy development among children who speak languages other than English, has called on the bill’s authors to amend it to include a more comprehensive definition of the “science of reading” and include more information about teaching students to read in English as a second language and in their home languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CTA has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/cta-sponsored-legislation-would-remove-one-of-states-last-required-tests-for-teachers/706391\">changed its position\u003c/a> on bills related to literacy instruction in the last two years. It had originally supported \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/cta-sponsored-legislation-would-remove-one-of-states-last-required-tests-for-teachers/706391\">Senate Bill 488\u003c/a>, which passed in 2022. The legislation requires a literacy performance assessment for teachers and oversight of literacy instruction in teacher preparation. The union is now in support of a bill that would do away with both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change of course was attributed to a survey of 1,300 CTA members, who said the assessment caused stress, took away time that could have been used to collaborate with mentors and for teaching, and did not prepare them to meet the needs of students, according to Leslie Littman, vice president of the union, in a prior interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veteran political observer Dan Schnur said he’s not surprised CTA would oppose the bill since some of its political allies are against it; the question is how important CTA considers the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it becomes a pitched battle, CTA will have to decide whether it is one of its highest priorities in this session,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom hasn’t indicated his position yet, but Schnur, the press secretary for former Gov. Pete Wilson, who teaches political communications at UC Berkeley and USC, said, “This is not the type of fight Newsom needs or wants right now. If he has strong feelings, it’s hard to see him going to war for or against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/bill-to-mandate-science-of-reading-in-california-schools-faces-teachers-union-opposition/709193\">\u003cem>This story was originally published in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/dlambert\">Diana Lambert\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/jfensterwald\">John Fensterwald\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/author/zstavely\">Zaidee Stavely\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s largest teachers union has moved to put the brakes on legislation that mandates instruction, known as the “science of reading,” that spotlights phonics to teach children to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by the politically powerful California Teachers Association (CTA) puts the fate of Assembly Bill 2222 in question as supporters insist that there is room to negotiate changes that will bring opponents together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CTA’s complaints include some recently voiced by some advocacy organizations for English learners and bilingual education that \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/english-learner-advocates-oppose-science-of-reading-bill/707178\">oppose the bill\u003c/a> and have refused to negotiate any changes to make the bill more acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It’s not the only thing that teachers will need to do and to adhere to, but it’s sort of the basic foundational knowledge of how children’s brains work in order to learn to read.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The teachers union put its opposition to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2222\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 2222\u003c/a> in writing in a lengthy letter to Assembly Education Committee Chairman Al Muratsuchi last week. The committee is expected to hear the bill, introduced in February, later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://edsource.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/EarllyLit-AB2222-CTA-no-032824.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The letter \u003c/a>includes a checklist of complaints including that the proposed legislation would duplicate and potentially undermine current literacy initiatives, would not meet the needs of English learner students and cuts teachers out of the decision-making process, especially when it comes to curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Educators are best equipped to make school and classroom decisions to ensure student success,” the letter said. “Limiting instructional approaches undermines teachers’ professional autonomy and may impede their effectiveness in the classroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall Tuck, CEO of EdVoice, an advocacy nonprofit co-sponsoring the bill, said he was surprised that CTA would oppose legislation that would ensure all teachers are trained to use the latest brain research to teach children how to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, a lot of folks in the field haven’t actually been trained on that, and a lot of the instruction materials in classrooms today don’t align with that,” Tuck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuck said CTA appears to misunderstand the body of evidence-based research known as the science of reading. It “is not a curriculum and is not a program or a one-size-fits-all approach,” he said. “It will give teachers a foundational understanding of how children learn to read. Teachers will still have a lot of room locally to decide which instructional moves to make on any given day for any given children. So, you’ll still have significant differentiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A nationwide push\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s push to adopt the science of reading approach to early literacy is in sync with \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/the-science-of-reading-in-2024-5-state-initiatives-to-watch/2024/01#:~:text=These%20actions%20join%20a%20mounting,to%20evidence%2Dbased%20reading%20instruction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">37 states \u003c/a>and some cities, such as New York City, that have passed similar legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>States nationwide are rejecting balanced literacy as failing to effectively teach children how to read, since it trains children to use pictures to recognize words on sight, also known as three-cueing. The new method would teach children to decode words by sounding them out, a process known as phonics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although phonics, the ability to connect letters to sounds, has drawn the most attention, the science of reading focuses on four other pillars of literacy instruction: phonemic awareness, identifying distinct units of sounds; vocabulary; comprehension; and fluency. It is based on research on how the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/why-theres-more-to-the-science-of-reading-than-phonics/695976\">brain connects \u003c/a>letters with sounds when learning to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with mandating the science of reading approach to instruction, AB 2222 would require that all TK to fifth-grade teachers, literacy coaches and specialists take a 30-hour-minimum course in reading instruction by 2028. School districts and charter schools would purchase textbooks from an approved list endorsed by the State Board of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation goes against the state policy of local control that gives school districts authority to select curriculum and teaching methods as long as they meet state academic standards. Currently, the state encourages, but does not mandate, districts to incorporate instruction in the science of reading in the early grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big bill,” said Yolie Flores, president of Families in Schools, a co-sponsor. “We’re very proud that it’s a big bill because that means it is truly consequential in the best way possible for children. It’s not a sort of tweak around the edges kind though, it’s the kind of bill that really brings transformation. So we are hoping that the Legislature sees beyond the sort of typical pushback and resistance, and in the end, I think, teachers will see that this was a huge benefit for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seeking compromise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bill’s author, Blanca Rubio (D-Baldwin Park) said she took CTA’s seven-page letter not as an outright rejection but as an opportunity for negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m glad they sent this letter,” she said. “They outline their objections and the reasons why, and that’s something I can work with. It’s not a flat, ‘No, we don’t want you to do it.’ They gave me specific items that I can look at and have a conversation about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that Assemblymember Muratsuchi asked her to work with the CTA on a compromise. She is also meeting with consultants for Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Salinas) “to look at the big picture,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Flores says the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/legislative-analyst-update-projects-bigger-funding-drop-for-schools-community-colleges/706457\">budget problems\u003c/a>, with predictions of no money for new programs, may be a bigger hurdle to getting the bill passed than the CTA opposition. The cost of paying for the required professional development for teachers would total $200 million to $300 million, she said. Because it is a mandate, the state would be required to repay districts for the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is a drop in the bucket for something so transformational, so consequential,” Flores said. “I hope that the Legislature really comes to that realization. We’re in a budget deficit, but our budget is a statement of priorities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that it is imperative that California mandate instruction in the science of reading. In 2023, just 43% of California third graders met the academic standards on the state’s standardized test in 2023. Only 27.2% of Black students, 32% of Latino students and 35% of lower-income children were reading at grade level, compared with 57.5% of white, 69% of Asian and 66% of non-low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s foundational,” Flores said. “It’s not the only thing teachers need to know. It’s not the only thing that teachers will need to do and to adhere to, but it’s sort of the basic foundational knowledge of how children’s brains work in order to learn to read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would sunset in 2028 when all teachers are required to have completed training. Beginning in July, all teacher preparation programs would be required to teach future educators to base literacy instruction on the science of reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Needs of English learners\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CTA and other critics of AB 2222 charge that it ignores the need of English learners for oral language skills, vocabulary and comparison between their home languages and English, which they need in order to learn how to read.\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/california-lags-behind-other-states-in-bilingual-education-for-english-learners/701270\"> Four out of 10 students\u003c/a> in California start school as English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuck disputes this. “We actually emphasize oral language development,” he said. “This would be the first statute that would say when instructional materials are adopted, and when teachers are trained in the science of reading, they must include a focus on English learners and oral language development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from Californians Together, an advocacy organization for English learners and bilingual education, applauded the CTA’s opposition to the bill. They oppose the bill, rather than suggest amendments, because they disagree with its overall approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t think this is the right bill to address literacy needs,” said Executive Director Martha Hernandez. “It’s very restrictive. We know that mandates don’t work. It lacks a robust, comprehensive approach for multilingual learners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Californians Together and the California Association for Bilingual Education have both said they would prefer California fund the training of teachers and full implementation of the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/rl/cf/documents/elaeldfwintro.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English Language Arts/English Language Development Framework (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The framework was adopted in 2014 and encourages, but does not mandate, explicit instruction in foundational skills and oral language development for English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Language Teachers Association has requested the bill be amended to include information about teaching literacy in languages not based on the English alphabet, such as Japanese, Chinese or Arabic, according to Executive Director Liz Matchett. However, the organization has not yet taken a position on the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I agree that we want to support all children to be able to read. If they can’t read, they can’t participate in education, which is the one way that is proven to change people’s circumstances,” said Matchett, who teaches Spanish at Gunn High School in Palo Alto. “There’s nothing to oppose about that. I’m still a classroom teacher, and all the time, you get kids in high school who can’t read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://west.edtrust.org/press-release/statement-on-ab-2222-rubio-early-literacy-science-of-reading/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Trust-West\u003c/a> urges changes in the bill to center the needs of “multilingual learners” — children who speak languages other than English at home — and to include more oversight and fewer mandates, such as those that may discourage new teachers from entering the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If our recommended amendments were to be accepted, EdTrust-West would support it as a much-needed solution to California’s acute literacy crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claude Goldenberg, professor emeritus of education at Stanford University, said “it was disappointing” to see CTA’s opposition, particularly because the union did not suggest amendments. He said he had met with representatives from CTA and urged them to identify what could be changed in the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/english-learners-too-would-benefit-from-fixing-how-we-teach-reading-in-california-this-bill-is-a-good-start/708799\"> EdSource commentary\u003c/a>, Goldenberg urged opponents to “do the right thing for all students. AB 2222’s introduction is an important step forward on the road to universal literacy in California. We must get it on the right track and take it across the finish line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referring to the CTA’s opposition, Goldenberg said, “Obviously my urgings fell flat. They identified why they’re opposing, but there’s no indication of any possible re-evaluation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/english-learners-too-would-benefit-from-fixing-how-we-teach-reading-in-california-this-bill-is-a-good-start/708799\">Goldenberg\u003c/a>, who served on the National Literacy Panel, which synthesized research on literacy development among children who speak languages other than English, has called on the bill’s authors to amend it to include a more comprehensive definition of the “science of reading” and include more information about teaching students to read in English as a second language and in their home languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CTA has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/cta-sponsored-legislation-would-remove-one-of-states-last-required-tests-for-teachers/706391\">changed its position\u003c/a> on bills related to literacy instruction in the last two years. It had originally supported \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/cta-sponsored-legislation-would-remove-one-of-states-last-required-tests-for-teachers/706391\">Senate Bill 488\u003c/a>, which passed in 2022. The legislation requires a literacy performance assessment for teachers and oversight of literacy instruction in teacher preparation. The union is now in support of a bill that would do away with both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change of course was attributed to a survey of 1,300 CTA members, who said the assessment caused stress, took away time that could have been used to collaborate with mentors and for teaching, and did not prepare them to meet the needs of students, according to Leslie Littman, vice president of the union, in a prior interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veteran political observer Dan Schnur said he’s not surprised CTA would oppose the bill since some of its political allies are against it; the question is how important CTA considers the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it becomes a pitched battle, CTA will have to decide whether it is one of its highest priorities in this session,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom hasn’t indicated his position yet, but Schnur, the press secretary for former Gov. Pete Wilson, who teaches political communications at UC Berkeley and USC, said, “This is not the type of fight Newsom needs or wants right now. If he has strong feelings, it’s hard to see him going to war for or against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/bill-to-mandate-science-of-reading-in-california-schools-faces-teachers-union-opposition/709193\">\u003cem>This story was originally published in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Owning Their Ukrainian Identity Is an 'Act of Resistance' for These Stanford Students",
"title": "Owning Their Ukrainian Identity Is an 'Act of Resistance' for These Stanford Students",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the eve of Catarina Buchatskiy’s 13th birthday, on Nov. 30, 2013, Ukrainian police attacked protesters in her hometown of Kyiv.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Buchatskiy entered young adulthood, those protests changed everything for her and her country. It couldn’t have been a better introduction to her teenage years, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/19/279673384/four-things-to-know-about-whats-happening-in-ukraine\">Those protests, known as the Maidan uprising\u003c/a>, decried former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych’s decision to back out of a trade agreement with the European Union and instead remain more closely tied to Russia. More than 70 people were killed and hundreds were wounded in clashes between protesters and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchatskiy — now a 21-year-old international student at Stanford University studying international security — said it was the first day that Ukraine woke up and started taking its sovereignty more seriously. It was at that point, she said, that she realized she was part of something bigger than herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was the first awakening of my Ukrainian identity, because this happened on a day so monumental — not just to me personally,\" Buchatskiy said. \"It became a day monumental to the entire country.\"[aside postID=\"news_11907164,news_11906497,news_11906335\" label=\"More From Ukrainians in the Bay Area\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yanukovych reached an agreement with opponents on Feb. 21, 2014, including imposing constitutional changes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/02/22/281083380/unkrainian-protesters-uneasy-president-reportedly-leaves-kiev\">but he fled to Russia that same day\u003c/a>. Less than a month later, Russian President Vladimir Putin \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/19/world/europe/ukraine.html\">took control of Crimea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia’s intense bombardment of the port city of Mariupol this week — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/world/europe/ukraine-mariupol-hospital-strike.html\">a strike on a hospital that included a maternity ward\u003c/a> — is part of an apparent attempt to link Crimea with Russia along Ukraine’s southeastern coast. Russia’s attacks have caused \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/tuesday-briefing-refugee-crisis\">the largest refugee crisis in Europe since World War II\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of 10 Ukrainian international students currently enrolled at Stanford, 19-year-old Andrii Torchylo, said that historically, every attempt Ukraine has made to build a democracy has been met with strong Russian opposition. He said Russia’s current attacks on Ukraine are an attack on democracy in Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Ukrainian people are able to overthrow our tyrant, that means that Russian people can stand up to Putin. And that's what's happening right now,\" Torchylo told KQED last week. He is studying theoretical physics at Stanford and aims to graduate in 2024.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Andrii Torchylo, Ukrainian international student, Stanford University\"]'If Ukrainian people are able to overthrow our tyrant, that means that Russian people can stand up to Putin. And that's what's happening right now.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>Thousands of miles away from their homeland, Buchatskiy and Torchylo said one way they can contribute to the fight is to keep control over the narrative of their identities. Both students said the fact that Ukraine's identity existed before Russia’s is often omitted from history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torchylo said there are very few Russian textbooks that recognize the existence of Ukrainian identity and include the colonization of Ukraine by Russia, but Ukrainians are learning to distinguish accurate historical facts from Russian propaganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchatskiy said she feels a responsibility to change that narrative. She has been affected by Russian propaganda firsthand and said it’s different from what Americans think propaganda is, because it’s not always as obviously recognizable as \"fake news\" and aims to instill pro-Russian sentiment. She said Russian propaganda undermines Ukrainian independence and influences Ukrainians to think that Russia was a better country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said when she was younger she felt an \"inferiority complex\" of being Ukrainian that wasn’t \"easy to describe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annexation of Crimea challenged the validity of Ukrainian identity being separate from that of Russia, by weaponizing the use of the Russian language and saying it made Ukraine all the more part of the Russian empire. Buchatskiy stopped speaking Russian to preserve her Ukrainian identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When those choices that you make every day — even the choice of what language you speak — when that's challenged, and [you're] told that choice makes you this, or makes you that,\" Buchatskiy said, \"you come to realize that you have a personal responsibility in every choice you make to ensure that you are preserving your own identity and culture in it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s doing everything she can to do right by Ukraine. She said her decision to study international security at Stanford is her way of contributing to her country, calling it an act of \"defiance.\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Catarina Buchatskiy, Ukrainian international student, Stanford University\"]'You come to realize that you have a personal responsibility in every choice you make to ensure that you are preserving your own identity and culture in it.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\"Every moment I spend being Ukrainian and protecting my Ukrainian-ness is a moment of defiance, and an act of resistance. Because there's people out there that don't think that we should exist,\" Buchatskiy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torchylo’s family in Ukraine is doing all they can to protect their homeland — and he's doing everything he can in Palo Alto. He’s been attending protests and calling for donations to the Ukrainian army, for Western powers to continue taking steps to debilitate Russia’s economy and for educating non-Ukrainians about the country's history. He, too, said the conflict was bigger than himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s more important than just my life, or my family’s,\" Torchylo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11907815\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Torch.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"728\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Torch.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Torch-160x146.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'If Ukrainian people are able to overthrow our tyrant, that means that Russian people can stand up to Putin. And that's what's happening right now,' said Andrii Torchylo, a 19-year-old Ukrainian student studying at Stanford. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Andrii Torchylo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In December, Ukrainian officials estimated that 94,000 Russian troops circled the Ukrainian border. Torchylo recalled feeling that tension during his last visit to Ukraine on winter break, something he called his \"last Christmas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both he and his sister are international students, but his sister decided to take a gap year and remained in Kyiv. His father volunteered for the army after his parents fled their farming town a day before the invasion.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Catarina Buchatskiy, Ukrainian international student, Stanford University\"]'Every moment I spend being Ukrainian and protecting my Ukrainian-ness is a moment of defiance, and an act of resistance.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\"People are not supposed to just stand by and watch how the country of the aggressor [is] bombing Ukrainian cities like Nazis did in 1944,\" Torchlyo said. \"It’s not supposed to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he said he feels \"pathetic\" for not returning to Ukraine to join the physical fight, he said he knows the Russian government is targeting the most educated and patriotic Ukrainians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When Russia attacks, their main goal is to kill the most patriotic, the most pro-democratic people of Ukraine — because those will be the ones who first volunteer to the army,\" Torchylo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchatskiy said she felt immense pride to see average Ukrainians taking arms to defend their homeland, and decided to help in any way she could. She's booked a one-way ticket to Poland and will reunite with friends at the Polish-Ukrainian border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she is dropping out for a semester to serve humanitarian aid and distribute supplies. Some professors at Stanford put together a \"military-aid\" backpack filled with supplies for her trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torchylo said he debated whether to fly to Ukraine and pick up a gun, but decided to remain at Stanford after speaking to a professor who told him that while it's much harder to live for your country than die for your country, it's more useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I see my mission right now is to get as much as I can out of my Stanford education to come back to Ukraine to help rebuild my country,\" Torchylo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to note that Buchatskiy does not intend to work with the Red Cross, and that Russian textbooks often have not recognized Ukrainian identity (as opposed to Ukrainian textbooks, as the story originally stated.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the eve of Catarina Buchatskiy’s 13th birthday, on Nov. 30, 2013, Ukrainian police attacked protesters in her hometown of Kyiv.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Buchatskiy entered young adulthood, those protests changed everything for her and her country. It couldn’t have been a better introduction to her teenage years, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/19/279673384/four-things-to-know-about-whats-happening-in-ukraine\">Those protests, known as the Maidan uprising\u003c/a>, decried former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych’s decision to back out of a trade agreement with the European Union and instead remain more closely tied to Russia. More than 70 people were killed and hundreds were wounded in clashes between protesters and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchatskiy — now a 21-year-old international student at Stanford University studying international security — said it was the first day that Ukraine woke up and started taking its sovereignty more seriously. It was at that point, she said, that she realized she was part of something bigger than herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was the first awakening of my Ukrainian identity, because this happened on a day so monumental — not just to me personally,\" Buchatskiy said. \"It became a day monumental to the entire country.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yanukovych reached an agreement with opponents on Feb. 21, 2014, including imposing constitutional changes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/02/22/281083380/unkrainian-protesters-uneasy-president-reportedly-leaves-kiev\">but he fled to Russia that same day\u003c/a>. Less than a month later, Russian President Vladimir Putin \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/19/world/europe/ukraine.html\">took control of Crimea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russia’s intense bombardment of the port city of Mariupol this week — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/world/europe/ukraine-mariupol-hospital-strike.html\">a strike on a hospital that included a maternity ward\u003c/a> — is part of an apparent attempt to link Crimea with Russia along Ukraine’s southeastern coast. Russia’s attacks have caused \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/08/tuesday-briefing-refugee-crisis\">the largest refugee crisis in Europe since World War II\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of 10 Ukrainian international students currently enrolled at Stanford, 19-year-old Andrii Torchylo, said that historically, every attempt Ukraine has made to build a democracy has been met with strong Russian opposition. He said Russia’s current attacks on Ukraine are an attack on democracy in Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Ukrainian people are able to overthrow our tyrant, that means that Russian people can stand up to Putin. And that's what's happening right now,\" Torchylo told KQED last week. He is studying theoretical physics at Stanford and aims to graduate in 2024.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>Thousands of miles away from their homeland, Buchatskiy and Torchylo said one way they can contribute to the fight is to keep control over the narrative of their identities. Both students said the fact that Ukraine's identity existed before Russia’s is often omitted from history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torchylo said there are very few Russian textbooks that recognize the existence of Ukrainian identity and include the colonization of Ukraine by Russia, but Ukrainians are learning to distinguish accurate historical facts from Russian propaganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchatskiy said she feels a responsibility to change that narrative. She has been affected by Russian propaganda firsthand and said it’s different from what Americans think propaganda is, because it’s not always as obviously recognizable as \"fake news\" and aims to instill pro-Russian sentiment. She said Russian propaganda undermines Ukrainian independence and influences Ukrainians to think that Russia was a better country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said when she was younger she felt an \"inferiority complex\" of being Ukrainian that wasn’t \"easy to describe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annexation of Crimea challenged the validity of Ukrainian identity being separate from that of Russia, by weaponizing the use of the Russian language and saying it made Ukraine all the more part of the Russian empire. Buchatskiy stopped speaking Russian to preserve her Ukrainian identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When those choices that you make every day — even the choice of what language you speak — when that's challenged, and [you're] told that choice makes you this, or makes you that,\" Buchatskiy said, \"you come to realize that you have a personal responsibility in every choice you make to ensure that you are preserving your own identity and culture in it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s doing everything she can to do right by Ukraine. She said her decision to study international security at Stanford is her way of contributing to her country, calling it an act of \"defiance.\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\"Every moment I spend being Ukrainian and protecting my Ukrainian-ness is a moment of defiance, and an act of resistance. Because there's people out there that don't think that we should exist,\" Buchatskiy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torchylo’s family in Ukraine is doing all they can to protect their homeland — and he's doing everything he can in Palo Alto. He’s been attending protests and calling for donations to the Ukrainian army, for Western powers to continue taking steps to debilitate Russia’s economy and for educating non-Ukrainians about the country's history. He, too, said the conflict was bigger than himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s more important than just my life, or my family’s,\" Torchylo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11907815\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Torch.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"728\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Torch.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Torch-160x146.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">'If Ukrainian people are able to overthrow our tyrant, that means that Russian people can stand up to Putin. And that's what's happening right now,' said Andrii Torchylo, a 19-year-old Ukrainian student studying at Stanford. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Andrii Torchylo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In December, Ukrainian officials estimated that 94,000 Russian troops circled the Ukrainian border. Torchylo recalled feeling that tension during his last visit to Ukraine on winter break, something he called his \"last Christmas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both he and his sister are international students, but his sister decided to take a gap year and remained in Kyiv. His father volunteered for the army after his parents fled their farming town a day before the invasion.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\"People are not supposed to just stand by and watch how the country of the aggressor [is] bombing Ukrainian cities like Nazis did in 1944,\" Torchlyo said. \"It’s not supposed to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he said he feels \"pathetic\" for not returning to Ukraine to join the physical fight, he said he knows the Russian government is targeting the most educated and patriotic Ukrainians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When Russia attacks, their main goal is to kill the most patriotic, the most pro-democratic people of Ukraine — because those will be the ones who first volunteer to the army,\" Torchylo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buchatskiy said she felt immense pride to see average Ukrainians taking arms to defend their homeland, and decided to help in any way she could. She's booked a one-way ticket to Poland and will reunite with friends at the Polish-Ukrainian border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she is dropping out for a semester to serve humanitarian aid and distribute supplies. Some professors at Stanford put together a \"military-aid\" backpack filled with supplies for her trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torchylo said he debated whether to fly to Ukraine and pick up a gun, but decided to remain at Stanford after speaking to a professor who told him that while it's much harder to live for your country than die for your country, it's more useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I see my mission right now is to get as much as I can out of my Stanford education to come back to Ukraine to help rebuild my country,\" Torchylo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to note that Buchatskiy does not intend to work with the Red Cross, and that Russian textbooks often have not recognized Ukrainian identity (as opposed to Ukrainian textbooks, as the story originally stated.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>M. Shadee Malaklou had just been hired as the new chair of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.berea.edu/wgs/\">Women’s and Gender Studies department at Berea College\u003c/a> in Kentucky when she was invited to have lunch with bell hooks. When she arrived, Malaklou remembers, hooks said with a nod and a wink, “‘I was against your hire.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than being taken aback, Malaklou leaned into hooks’s irreverence and witty honesty — a trait of her writing, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was her way,” says Malaklou. hooks had assumed that Malaklou, a woman of Iranian descent from Southern California, wouldn’t like Berea’s lack of an Iranian American community and would leave. But three years later, hooks was writing a glowing commendation for Malaklou’s tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11899786\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Bellhooks.jpeg\"]Malaklou, now the inaugural director of Berea College’s recently opened \u003ca href=\"https://www.berea.edu/bhc/\">bell hooks center\u003c/a>, speaks about her friendship with hooks with gratitude, recognizing she had access to the private and mundane side of her, while others celebrated her public figure and academia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years of bell hooks’s life, she and Malaklou became close friends and confidants. Sometimes, she would call Malaklou to share McDonald’s cheeseburgers, even in the middle of class. It’s also well-known that hooks had an endless craving for Juicy Fruit gum: “She would ask me to order it for her in hordes from Amazon,” says Malaklou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of the world probably knows hooks best through her most popular books, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Feminism-Is-for-Everybody-Passionate-Politics/hooks/p/book/9781138821620\">Feminism Is for Everybody\u003c/a>,” “\u003ca href=\"https://sites.utexas.edu/lsjcs/files/2018/02/Teaching-to-Transcend.pdf\">Teaching to Transgress\u003c/a>” and “\u003ca href=\"https://www.mahoganybooks.com/9780060959470\">All About Love: New Visions\u003c/a>,” which reemerged in the pandemic as a New York Times bestseller despite being published in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899786/she-was-prophetic-bay-area-remembers-groundbreaking-author-and-cultural-critic-bell-hooks\">hooks’s passing on Dec. 15\u003c/a>, social media has flooded with eulogies and poignant reflections on almost three decades of her work in feminism, teaching and theory. Many noted the accessibility of her language, as well as her willingness to write from life experience as a way to speak on spirituality and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before she was bell hooks, though, she was Gloria Watkins, a rising scholar teaching at Yale University in the 1980s. At that time, Rachel Chapman, now a tenured professor of anthropology at the University of Washington, had the professor as her undergraduate thesis advisor. Chapman remembers that her classes were highly sought after, and that she led a support group of Black women, called “Sisters of the Yam,” who idolized her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While working with hooks, Chapman recognized that much of her mentor’s work was concerned with the loss of Black life. “She was writing about what it means to be young and Black and angry and seeing clearly the thin line between being mad and madness, between radical action and personal self-destruction,” says Chapman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']Before she was bell hooks, though, she was Gloria Watkins, a rising scholar teaching at Yale University in the 1980s.[/pullquote]What Chapman witnessed at the time was someone working through the pain and the hurt that would later lead to “All About Love.” Chapman would see hooks again in Los Angeles, while she was working toward her doctoral degree at UCLA in 1992. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/26/524744989/when-la-erupted-in-anger-a-look-back-at-the-rodney-king-riots\">Los Angeles riots were raging after the police beating of Rodney King\u003c/a>, and hooks was addressing a beleaguered crowd of the college’s student activists. She offered them advice that would stay with Chapman over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘I don’t do social justice work with anyone who’s not in a movement with me for a lifetime. And that really reduces the number of people who I’m willing to interact with on that level,'” Chapman remembers hooks saying. “That gave me permission to not have to engage every person running their racism at me. I now do whatever gives me strength and move on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>hooks’s work with students and approach to education has also become part of her legacy, says Jody Greene, founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://citl.ucsc.edu/\">Center for Innovations in Teaching and Learning\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz, where hooks received her doctoral degree. She says the writer’s books about the practice of teaching have been deeply influential to teachers like herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“hooks strongly believed in education as the cultivation of a human being and not just an instrument for creating good employees,” says Greene, who was a student at Yale during hooks’s time there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Professor Rachel Chapman, University of Washington\"]‘She was writing about what it means to be young and Black and angry.’[/pullquote]In her last decade of life, hooks wasn’t growing complacent in her ideas, friends say: She was actively learning and growing, giving talks and having conversations with other academics and public figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelby Chestnut, director of policy and programs at the Transgender Law Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oMmZIJijgY&t=1081s\">introduced hooks and Laverne Cox at their conversation at the New School\u003c/a> in 2014. Chestnut remembers meeting hooks for the first time, particularly her generosity and tenderness toward strangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was like, ‘Hold my hand.’ And so I held her hand and then Laverne held her other hand, and we just walked around the [West Village],” says Chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chestnut saw hooks working to understand and include the trans community in her understandings about feminism, even at a time it wasn’t popular. Her foundational works on feminism, including “\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Aint-I-a-Woman-Black-Women-and-Feminism/hooks/p/book/9781138821514\">Ain’t I a Woman\u003c/a>,” critiqued white feminism and began farsighted conversations around intersectionality even before \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/29/982357959/what-does-intersectionality-mean\">the term was created by Kimberlé Crenshaw\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even her kindness to all, to feminism more broadly, she was really unapologetic in the prioritization of Black women,” says Chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple people shared how hooks profoundly cared for young people and children, too. Linda Strong-Leek, former professor at Berea College and now provost at Haverford College, remembered hooks’s concern that “‘we had never seen a book with a Black boy just sitting and reading.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of her hooks’s books, such as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.lbyr.com/titles/bell-hooks/be-boy-buzz/9781484788400/\">Be Boy Buzz\u003c/a>,” were aimed at increasing literacy for children of color and providing meaningful representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='education']hooks gave over 30 years of her life to groundbreaking scholarship, but she also identified as an Appalachian scholar and chose to return to her home state of Kentucky in the last years of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Belonging-A-Culture-of-Place/hooks/p/book/9780415968164\">Belonging: A Culture of Place\u003c/a>,” hooks wasn’t an abstract theorist, but someone grounded in the geography of her rural upbringing in contrast to city life. Her friends say her love for community was both political and personal. Strong-Leek recalls that, first and foremost, hooks was dedicated to the people around her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would go out in Berea. Most people didn’t know who she was if they weren’t connected to the college or readers [of] feminist theory,” she says. “I want people to remember that she loved regular people.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>M. Shadee Malaklou had just been hired as the new chair of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.berea.edu/wgs/\">Women’s and Gender Studies department at Berea College\u003c/a> in Kentucky when she was invited to have lunch with bell hooks. When she arrived, Malaklou remembers, hooks said with a nod and a wink, “‘I was against your hire.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than being taken aback, Malaklou leaned into hooks’s irreverence and witty honesty — a trait of her writing, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was her way,” says Malaklou. hooks had assumed that Malaklou, a woman of Iranian descent from Southern California, wouldn’t like Berea’s lack of an Iranian American community and would leave. But three years later, hooks was writing a glowing commendation for Malaklou’s tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Malaklou, now the inaugural director of Berea College’s recently opened \u003ca href=\"https://www.berea.edu/bhc/\">bell hooks center\u003c/a>, speaks about her friendship with hooks with gratitude, recognizing she had access to the private and mundane side of her, while others celebrated her public figure and academia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three years of bell hooks’s life, she and Malaklou became close friends and confidants. Sometimes, she would call Malaklou to share McDonald’s cheeseburgers, even in the middle of class. It’s also well-known that hooks had an endless craving for Juicy Fruit gum: “She would ask me to order it for her in hordes from Amazon,” says Malaklou.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of the world probably knows hooks best through her most popular books, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Feminism-Is-for-Everybody-Passionate-Politics/hooks/p/book/9781138821620\">Feminism Is for Everybody\u003c/a>,” “\u003ca href=\"https://sites.utexas.edu/lsjcs/files/2018/02/Teaching-to-Transcend.pdf\">Teaching to Transgress\u003c/a>” and “\u003ca href=\"https://www.mahoganybooks.com/9780060959470\">All About Love: New Visions\u003c/a>,” which reemerged in the pandemic as a New York Times bestseller despite being published in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899786/she-was-prophetic-bay-area-remembers-groundbreaking-author-and-cultural-critic-bell-hooks\">hooks’s passing on Dec. 15\u003c/a>, social media has flooded with eulogies and poignant reflections on almost three decades of her work in feminism, teaching and theory. Many noted the accessibility of her language, as well as her willingness to write from life experience as a way to speak on spirituality and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before she was bell hooks, though, she was Gloria Watkins, a rising scholar teaching at Yale University in the 1980s. At that time, Rachel Chapman, now a tenured professor of anthropology at the University of Washington, had the professor as her undergraduate thesis advisor. Chapman remembers that her classes were highly sought after, and that she led a support group of Black women, called “Sisters of the Yam,” who idolized her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While working with hooks, Chapman recognized that much of her mentor’s work was concerned with the loss of Black life. “She was writing about what it means to be young and Black and angry and seeing clearly the thin line between being mad and madness, between radical action and personal self-destruction,” says Chapman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>What Chapman witnessed at the time was someone working through the pain and the hurt that would later lead to “All About Love.” Chapman would see hooks again in Los Angeles, while she was working toward her doctoral degree at UCLA in 1992. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/26/524744989/when-la-erupted-in-anger-a-look-back-at-the-rodney-king-riots\">Los Angeles riots were raging after the police beating of Rodney King\u003c/a>, and hooks was addressing a beleaguered crowd of the college’s student activists. She offered them advice that would stay with Chapman over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘I don’t do social justice work with anyone who’s not in a movement with me for a lifetime. And that really reduces the number of people who I’m willing to interact with on that level,'” Chapman remembers hooks saying. “That gave me permission to not have to engage every person running their racism at me. I now do whatever gives me strength and move on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>hooks’s work with students and approach to education has also become part of her legacy, says Jody Greene, founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://citl.ucsc.edu/\">Center for Innovations in Teaching and Learning\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz, where hooks received her doctoral degree. She says the writer’s books about the practice of teaching have been deeply influential to teachers like herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“hooks strongly believed in education as the cultivation of a human being and not just an instrument for creating good employees,” says Greene, who was a student at Yale during hooks’s time there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In her last decade of life, hooks wasn’t growing complacent in her ideas, friends say: She was actively learning and growing, giving talks and having conversations with other academics and public figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelby Chestnut, director of policy and programs at the Transgender Law Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oMmZIJijgY&t=1081s\">introduced hooks and Laverne Cox at their conversation at the New School\u003c/a> in 2014. Chestnut remembers meeting hooks for the first time, particularly her generosity and tenderness toward strangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was like, ‘Hold my hand.’ And so I held her hand and then Laverne held her other hand, and we just walked around the [West Village],” says Chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chestnut saw hooks working to understand and include the trans community in her understandings about feminism, even at a time it wasn’t popular. Her foundational works on feminism, including “\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Aint-I-a-Woman-Black-Women-and-Feminism/hooks/p/book/9781138821514\">Ain’t I a Woman\u003c/a>,” critiqued white feminism and began farsighted conversations around intersectionality even before \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/29/982357959/what-does-intersectionality-mean\">the term was created by Kimberlé Crenshaw\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even her kindness to all, to feminism more broadly, she was really unapologetic in the prioritization of Black women,” says Chestnut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple people shared how hooks profoundly cared for young people and children, too. Linda Strong-Leek, former professor at Berea College and now provost at Haverford College, remembered hooks’s concern that “‘we had never seen a book with a Black boy just sitting and reading.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of her hooks’s books, such as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.lbyr.com/titles/bell-hooks/be-boy-buzz/9781484788400/\">Be Boy Buzz\u003c/a>,” were aimed at increasing literacy for children of color and providing meaningful representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "'It Saved My Life': Depression Treatment Is Turning Lives Around in Five Days",
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"content": "\u003cp>After 40 years of fighting debilitating depression, Emma was on the brink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was suicidal,” said Emma, a 59-year-old Bay Area resident. KQED is not using her full name because of the stigma that can surround mental illness. “I was going to die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Emma sat through hours of talk therapy and tried countless anti-depression medications \"to have a semblance of normalcy.\" And yet she was consumed by relentless fatigue, insomnia and chronic nausea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depression is the \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2618635\">world's leading cause of disability\u003c/a>, partly because treatment options often result in numerous side effects or patients do not respond at all. And there are many people who never seek treatment because mental illness can carry \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1489832/\">heavy stigma and discrimination\u003c/a>. Studies show \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/answers/mental-health-and-substance-abuse/does-depression-increase-risk-of-suicide/index.html\">untreated depression can lead to suicidal ideation\u003c/a>.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Shan Siddiqi, a Harvard psychiatrist\"]'This study not only showed some of the best remission rates we've ever seen in depression, but also managed to do that in people who had already failed multiple other treatments.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, Emma’s psychiatrist urged her to enroll in a \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19070720\">study\u003c/a> at Stanford University School of Medicine designed for people who had run out of options. When she arrived, scientists took an MRI scan to determine the best possible location to deliver electrical pulses to her brain. Then for 10 hours a day for five consecutive days, Emma sat in a chair while a magnetic field stimulated her brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the first day, an unfamiliar calm settled over Emma. Even when her partner picked her up to drive home, she stayed relaxed. “I’m usually hysterical,” she said. “All the time I'm grabbing things. I'm yelling, you know, ‘Did you see those lights?’ And while I rode home that first night I just looked out the window and I enjoyed the ride.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remedy was a new type of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) called \"Stanford neuromodulation therapy.\" By adding imaging technology to the treatment and upping the dose of rTMS, scientists have developed an approach that’s more effective and works more than eight times faster than the current approved treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11898997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a business suit holds a thin metal object over a woman's head who is seated in an office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nolan Williams demonstrates the magnetic brain stimulation therapy he and his colleagues developed, on Deirdre Lehman, a participant in a previous study of the treatment. \u003ccite>(Steve Fisch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A coil on top of Emma’s head created a magnetic field that sent electric pulses through her skull to tickle the surface of her brain. She says it felt like a woodpecker tapped on her skull every 15 seconds. The electrical current is directed at the prefrontal cortex, which is the part of the brain that plans, dreams and controls our emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an area thought to be underactive in depression,” said Nolan Williams, a psychiatrist and rTMS researcher at Stanford. “We send a signal for the system to not only turn on, but to stay on and remember to stay on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says pumping up the prefrontal cortex helps turn down other areas of the brain that stimulate fear and anxiety. That’s the basic premise of rTMS: Electrical impulses are used to balance out erratic brain activity. As a result, people feel less depressed and more in control. All of this holds true in the new treatment — it just works faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent randomized control trial, published in The American Journal of Psychiatry, shows \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20101429\">astounding results are possible in five days or less\u003c/a>. Almost 80% of patients crossed into remission — meaning they were symptom-free within days. This is compared to about 13% of people who received the placebo treatment. Patients did not report any serious side effects. The most common complaint was a light headache.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s new delivery system may even outperform electroconvulsive therapy, which is the most popular form of brain stimulation for depression, but it requires both general anesthesia and a full medical team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study not only showed some of the best remission rates we've ever seen in depression,” said Shan Siddiqi, a Harvard psychiatrist not connected to the study, “but also managed to do that in people who had already failed multiple other treatments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siddiqi also said the study’s small sample size, which is only 29 patients, is not cause for concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often, a clinical trial will be terminated early [according to pre-specified criteria] because the treatment is so effective that it would be unethical to continue giving people placebo,” said Siddiqi. “That's what happened here. They'd originally planned to recruit a much larger sample, but the interim analysis was definitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark George, a psychiatrist and neurologist at the Medical University of South Carolina, agrees. He points to other similarly sized trials for depression treatments like \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-nasal-spray-medication-treatment-resistant-depression-available-only-certified\">ketamine, a version of which is now FDA-approved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the new rTMS approach could be a game changer because it’s both more precise and faster. George pioneered an rTMS treatment that was approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration for depression in 2008. Studies show that: It produces \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32799106/\">a near total loss of symptoms in about a third of patients\u003c/a>; another third feel somewhat better; and another third do not respond at all. But the main problem with the original treatment is that it takes six weeks, which is a long time for a patient in the midst of a crisis.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Tommy Van Brocklin, civil engineer\"]'I wake up now and I want to come to work, whereas before I'd rather stick a sharp stick in my eye.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study shows that you can speed it all up and that you can add treatments in a given day and it works,” said George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shorter treatment will increase access for a lot of people who cannot get six weeks off work or cover child care for that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more exciting applications, however, are due to the rapidity,” said George. \"These people [the patients] got unsuicidal and undepressed within a week. Those patients are just clogging up our emergency rooms, our psych hospitals. And we really don't have good treatments for acute suicidality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 45 years of depression and numerous failed attempts to medicate his illness, Tommy Van Brocklin, a civil engineer, says he didn’t see a way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The past couple of years I just started crying a lot,” he said. “I was just a real emotional wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So last September, Van Brocklin flew across the country from his home in Tennessee to Stanford, where he underwent the new rTMS treatment for a single five-day treatment. Almost immediately he started feeling more optimistic and sleeping longer and deeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wake up now and I want to come to work, whereas before I’d rather stick a sharp stick in my eye,” said Van Brocklin. “I have not had any depressed days since my treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is hopeful the changes stick. More larger studies are needed to verify how long the new rTMS treatment will last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least for Emma, the woman who received Stanford’s treatment three years ago in a similar study, the results are holding. She says she still has ups and downs but \"it's an entirely different me dealing with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the regimen rewired her from the inside out. “It saved my life, and I'll be forever grateful,” said Emma, her voice cracking with emotion. “It saved my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s neuromodulation therapy could be widely available by the end of next year — that’s when scientists are hoping FDA clearance comes through. Williams, the lead researcher at Stanford, says he’s optimistic insurance companies will eventually cover the new delivery model because it works faster, so it’s likely more cost-effective than a conventional rTMS regimen. Major insurance companies and Medicare currently cover rTMS, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.tmsbrainhealth.com/tms-therapy/how-much-does-tms-therapy-cost/\">some plans\u003c/a> require patients to demonstrate that they’ve exhausted other treatment options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is studying how rTMS may improve other mental health disorders like addiction and traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is hopefully just the tip of the iceberg,” said Siddiqi. “I think we're finally on the verge of a paradigm shift in how we think about psychiatric treatment, where we'll supplement the conventional chemical imbalance and psychological conflict models with a new brain circuit model.” In other words, psychiatrists will use electricity instead of talk therapy and drugs to treat mental health disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After 40 years of fighting debilitating depression, Emma was on the brink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was suicidal,” said Emma, a 59-year-old Bay Area resident. KQED is not using her full name because of the stigma that can surround mental illness. “I was going to die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Emma sat through hours of talk therapy and tried countless anti-depression medications \"to have a semblance of normalcy.\" And yet she was consumed by relentless fatigue, insomnia and chronic nausea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depression is the \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2618635\">world's leading cause of disability\u003c/a>, partly because treatment options often result in numerous side effects or patients do not respond at all. And there are many people who never seek treatment because mental illness can carry \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1489832/\">heavy stigma and discrimination\u003c/a>. Studies show \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/answers/mental-health-and-substance-abuse/does-depression-increase-risk-of-suicide/index.html\">untreated depression can lead to suicidal ideation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three years ago, Emma’s psychiatrist urged her to enroll in a \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19070720\">study\u003c/a> at Stanford University School of Medicine designed for people who had run out of options. When she arrived, scientists took an MRI scan to determine the best possible location to deliver electrical pulses to her brain. Then for 10 hours a day for five consecutive days, Emma sat in a chair while a magnetic field stimulated her brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the first day, an unfamiliar calm settled over Emma. Even when her partner picked her up to drive home, she stayed relaxed. “I’m usually hysterical,” she said. “All the time I'm grabbing things. I'm yelling, you know, ‘Did you see those lights?’ And while I rode home that first night I just looked out the window and I enjoyed the ride.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remedy was a new type of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) called \"Stanford neuromodulation therapy.\" By adding imaging technology to the treatment and upping the dose of rTMS, scientists have developed an approach that’s more effective and works more than eight times faster than the current approved treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11898997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a business suit holds a thin metal object over a woman's head who is seated in an office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/STIM-Dierdre_088-1-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nolan Williams demonstrates the magnetic brain stimulation therapy he and his colleagues developed, on Deirdre Lehman, a participant in a previous study of the treatment. \u003ccite>(Steve Fisch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A coil on top of Emma’s head created a magnetic field that sent electric pulses through her skull to tickle the surface of her brain. She says it felt like a woodpecker tapped on her skull every 15 seconds. The electrical current is directed at the prefrontal cortex, which is the part of the brain that plans, dreams and controls our emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an area thought to be underactive in depression,” said Nolan Williams, a psychiatrist and rTMS researcher at Stanford. “We send a signal for the system to not only turn on, but to stay on and remember to stay on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says pumping up the prefrontal cortex helps turn down other areas of the brain that stimulate fear and anxiety. That’s the basic premise of rTMS: Electrical impulses are used to balance out erratic brain activity. As a result, people feel less depressed and more in control. All of this holds true in the new treatment — it just works faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent randomized control trial, published in The American Journal of Psychiatry, shows \u003ca href=\"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20101429\">astounding results are possible in five days or less\u003c/a>. Almost 80% of patients crossed into remission — meaning they were symptom-free within days. This is compared to about 13% of people who received the placebo treatment. Patients did not report any serious side effects. The most common complaint was a light headache.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s new delivery system may even outperform electroconvulsive therapy, which is the most popular form of brain stimulation for depression, but it requires both general anesthesia and a full medical team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study not only showed some of the best remission rates we've ever seen in depression,” said Shan Siddiqi, a Harvard psychiatrist not connected to the study, “but also managed to do that in people who had already failed multiple other treatments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siddiqi also said the study’s small sample size, which is only 29 patients, is not cause for concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often, a clinical trial will be terminated early [according to pre-specified criteria] because the treatment is so effective that it would be unethical to continue giving people placebo,” said Siddiqi. “That's what happened here. They'd originally planned to recruit a much larger sample, but the interim analysis was definitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark George, a psychiatrist and neurologist at the Medical University of South Carolina, agrees. He points to other similarly sized trials for depression treatments like \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-nasal-spray-medication-treatment-resistant-depression-available-only-certified\">ketamine, a version of which is now FDA-approved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the new rTMS approach could be a game changer because it’s both more precise and faster. George pioneered an rTMS treatment that was approved by the federal Food and Drug Administration for depression in 2008. Studies show that: It produces \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32799106/\">a near total loss of symptoms in about a third of patients\u003c/a>; another third feel somewhat better; and another third do not respond at all. But the main problem with the original treatment is that it takes six weeks, which is a long time for a patient in the midst of a crisis.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study shows that you can speed it all up and that you can add treatments in a given day and it works,” said George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shorter treatment will increase access for a lot of people who cannot get six weeks off work or cover child care for that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more exciting applications, however, are due to the rapidity,” said George. \"These people [the patients] got unsuicidal and undepressed within a week. Those patients are just clogging up our emergency rooms, our psych hospitals. And we really don't have good treatments for acute suicidality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 45 years of depression and numerous failed attempts to medicate his illness, Tommy Van Brocklin, a civil engineer, says he didn’t see a way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The past couple of years I just started crying a lot,” he said. “I was just a real emotional wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So last September, Van Brocklin flew across the country from his home in Tennessee to Stanford, where he underwent the new rTMS treatment for a single five-day treatment. Almost immediately he started feeling more optimistic and sleeping longer and deeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wake up now and I want to come to work, whereas before I’d rather stick a sharp stick in my eye,” said Van Brocklin. “I have not had any depressed days since my treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is hopeful the changes stick. More larger studies are needed to verify how long the new rTMS treatment will last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least for Emma, the woman who received Stanford’s treatment three years ago in a similar study, the results are holding. She says she still has ups and downs but \"it's an entirely different me dealing with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the regimen rewired her from the inside out. “It saved my life, and I'll be forever grateful,” said Emma, her voice cracking with emotion. “It saved my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s neuromodulation therapy could be widely available by the end of next year — that’s when scientists are hoping FDA clearance comes through. Williams, the lead researcher at Stanford, says he’s optimistic insurance companies will eventually cover the new delivery model because it works faster, so it’s likely more cost-effective than a conventional rTMS regimen. Major insurance companies and Medicare currently cover rTMS, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.tmsbrainhealth.com/tms-therapy/how-much-does-tms-therapy-cost/\">some plans\u003c/a> require patients to demonstrate that they’ve exhausted other treatment options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is studying how rTMS may improve other mental health disorders like addiction and traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is hopefully just the tip of the iceberg,” said Siddiqi. “I think we're finally on the verge of a paradigm shift in how we think about psychiatric treatment, where we'll supplement the conventional chemical imbalance and psychological conflict models with a new brain circuit model.” In other words, psychiatrists will use electricity instead of talk therapy and drugs to treat mental health disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Los Angeles District Attorney George Gascón\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Did skin color make a difference in the police response to the insurrection in Washington, D.C.? G\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eorge Gascón, the newly elected district attorney of Los Angeles County, says absolutely yes. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He shares with us his strategy for a more equitable criminal justice system.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>California COVID-19 Vaccine Update\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hundreds of thousands of the new COVID-19 vaccine have been stuck in warehouses or in transit, and Gov. Gavin Newsom has acknowledged that the state needs to do better. We get the latest on vaccine distribution from Stanford University infectious disease expert Dr. Yvonne Maldonado. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Week in Politics: US Capitol Riots and Recall Efforts\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From the armed insurgency at the U.S. Capitol to efforts to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom — we round up the week’s big political stories with KQED’s Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Musical: ‘Georgia on My Mind’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">East Los Angeles-based band Las Cafeteras dedicated a song to promote voter turnout in Georgia’s closely watched U.S. Senate race. It’s their version of Ray Charles’ classic rendition, “Georgia on My Mind,” sung in Spanish and English. Las Cafeteras are known for remixing iconic songs to tell modern-day stories about immigrants and BIPOC communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Los Angeles District Attorney George Gascón\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Did skin color make a difference in the police response to the insurrection in Washington, D.C.? G\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eorge Gascón, the newly elected district attorney of Los Angeles County, says absolutely yes. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He shares with us his strategy for a more equitable criminal justice system.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>California COVID-19 Vaccine Update\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hundreds of thousands of the new COVID-19 vaccine have been stuck in warehouses or in transit, and Gov. Gavin Newsom has acknowledged that the state needs to do better. We get the latest on vaccine distribution from Stanford University infectious disease expert Dr. Yvonne Maldonado. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Week in Politics: US Capitol Riots and Recall Efforts\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From the armed insurgency at the U.S. Capitol to efforts to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom — we round up the week’s big political stories with KQED’s Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Musical: ‘Georgia on My Mind’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">East Los Angeles-based band Las Cafeteras dedicated a song to promote voter turnout in Georgia’s closely watched U.S. Senate race. It’s their version of Ray Charles’ classic rendition, “Georgia on My Mind,” sung in Spanish and English. Las Cafeteras are known for remixing iconic songs to tell modern-day stories about immigrants and BIPOC communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stanford Appears to Distance Itself From Scott Atlas After 'Rise Up' Tweet",
"title": "Stanford Appears to Distance Itself From Scott Atlas After 'Rise Up' Tweet",
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"content": "\u003cp>Stanford University appeared to distance itself from Dr. Scott Atlas, a prominent member of the Trump administration's coronavirus task force, following his remarks that residents of Michigan should \"rise up\" against the state's new coronavirus restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University officials said in a statement that Atlas' position was his alone, and his comments were \"inconsistent with the university's approach in response to the pandemic.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stanford's position on managing the pandemic in our community is clear. We support using masks, social distancing, and conducting surveillance and diagnostic testing,\" Stanford said \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2020/11/16/statement-regarding-scott-atlas/\">in a statement Monday\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We also believe in the importance of strictly following the guidance of local and state health authorities,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, a conservative-leaning think tank based at the university. He's currently on leave and is serving as an adviser to President Trump. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas was a professor and chief of neuroradiology at Stanford University Medical Center from 1998 to 2012, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/scott-atlas\">university biography\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He does not specialize in the treatment of infectious disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas has come under fire for a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScottWAtlas/status/1328120887128842240\">tweet Sunday\u003c/a> referencing Michigan's new restrictions, where he said: \"The only way this stops is if people rise up. You get what you accept.\" He also added the hashtags \"FreedomMatters\" and \"StepUp.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScottWAtlas/status/1328171502211043328\">later tweeted\u003c/a>: \"NEVER would I endorse or incite violence. NEVER!!\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ScottWAtlas/status/1328171502211043328?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, a first-term Democrat, said Atlas' response towards the state's upcoming \"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovWhitmer/status/1328129545665470464\">three week pause\u003c/a>\" that seeks to limit some indoor activities in the state \"took my breath away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those restrictions, set to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/11/16/935348332/not-going-to-be-bullied-michigan-issues-new-covid-19-restrictions\">take effect on Wednesday\u003c/a>, include a temporary halt of in-person classes at colleges and high schools in the state. They also will close indoor service at bars and restaurants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode seems to have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/18/925103289/michigan-gov-whitmer-says-trump-incites-domestic-terrorism\">renewed tensions\u003c/a> between the Trump administration and Whitmer, who the FBI said was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/08/921655143/militia-members-plotted-to-abduct-michigan-gov-whitmer-fbi-says\">the target of a kidnapping plot\u003c/a> by men linked to a far-right militia group earlier this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the first time comments from Atlas have run counter to those at Stanford. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of about 100 infectious disease physicians, immunologists and health policy experts \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/130OXUjdnwHmfmbiEZWK9d354QHaRi0-r/view\">signed a letter in September\u003c/a> calling \"attention to the falsehoods and misrepresentations of science recently fostered by Dr. Scott Atlas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said many of his comments and statements \"run counter to established science and, by doing so, undermine public health policy.\" In response, Atlas \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2020/10/30/academic-freedom-questions-arise-campus-covid-19-strategy-conflicts/\">reportedly threated\u003c/a> to sue his colleagues. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stanford+University+Appears+To+Distance+Itself+From+Scott+Atlas+After+%27Rise+Up%27+Tweet&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stanford University appeared to distance itself from Dr. Scott Atlas, a prominent member of the Trump administration's coronavirus task force, following his remarks that residents of Michigan should \"rise up\" against the state's new coronavirus restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University officials said in a statement that Atlas' position was his alone, and his comments were \"inconsistent with the university's approach in response to the pandemic.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stanford's position on managing the pandemic in our community is clear. We support using masks, social distancing, and conducting surveillance and diagnostic testing,\" Stanford said \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2020/11/16/statement-regarding-scott-atlas/\">in a statement Monday\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We also believe in the importance of strictly following the guidance of local and state health authorities,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, a conservative-leaning think tank based at the university. He's currently on leave and is serving as an adviser to President Trump. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas was a professor and chief of neuroradiology at Stanford University Medical Center from 1998 to 2012, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/scott-atlas\">university biography\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He does not specialize in the treatment of infectious disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas has come under fire for a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScottWAtlas/status/1328120887128842240\">tweet Sunday\u003c/a> referencing Michigan's new restrictions, where he said: \"The only way this stops is if people rise up. You get what you accept.\" He also added the hashtags \"FreedomMatters\" and \"StepUp.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atlas \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ScottWAtlas/status/1328171502211043328\">later tweeted\u003c/a>: \"NEVER would I endorse or incite violence. NEVER!!\" \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, a first-term Democrat, said Atlas' response towards the state's upcoming \"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovWhitmer/status/1328129545665470464\">three week pause\u003c/a>\" that seeks to limit some indoor activities in the state \"took my breath away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those restrictions, set to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/11/16/935348332/not-going-to-be-bullied-michigan-issues-new-covid-19-restrictions\">take effect on Wednesday\u003c/a>, include a temporary halt of in-person classes at colleges and high schools in the state. They also will close indoor service at bars and restaurants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode seems to have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/18/925103289/michigan-gov-whitmer-says-trump-incites-domestic-terrorism\">renewed tensions\u003c/a> between the Trump administration and Whitmer, who the FBI said was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/08/921655143/militia-members-plotted-to-abduct-michigan-gov-whitmer-fbi-says\">the target of a kidnapping plot\u003c/a> by men linked to a far-right militia group earlier this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not the first time comments from Atlas have run counter to those at Stanford. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of about 100 infectious disease physicians, immunologists and health policy experts \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/130OXUjdnwHmfmbiEZWK9d354QHaRi0-r/view\">signed a letter in September\u003c/a> calling \"attention to the falsehoods and misrepresentations of science recently fostered by Dr. Scott Atlas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said many of his comments and statements \"run counter to established science and, by doing so, undermine public health policy.\" In response, Atlas \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2020/10/30/academic-freedom-questions-arise-campus-covid-19-strategy-conflicts/\">reportedly threated\u003c/a> to sue his colleagues. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stanford+University+Appears+To+Distance+Itself+From+Scott+Atlas+After+%27Rise+Up%27+Tweet&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After four years in the shadow of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/491999554/brock-turner\">Brock Turner\u003c/a>, the man who sexually assaulted her, the woman once known in the media as “Emily Doe” has taken her name back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/23/762028606/chanel-miller-says-know-my-name-as-she-reflects-on-her-assault-by-brock-turner\">her new memoir\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Know My Name\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/762734849/chanel-miller\">Chanel Miller\u003c/a> has introduced herself to a world that knew her only as a victim at the heart of a nationwide criminal justice controversy — or, in some cases, labeled her much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related coverage\" tag=\"brock-turner\"]And she says that moment, when at last she revealed her identity \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757626939/victim-of-brock-turner-sexual-assault-reveals-her-identity\">earlier this month\u003c/a>, came as “an immense relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It almost felt like a bittersweet birthday,” Miller tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>, “in that I was able to finally exist in the world without having to hide anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the incident that made her story — but not her name — famous, Miller had spent much time in silence. Only \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/newsroom/newsreleases/Documents/B-Turner%20VIS.pdf\">her 12-page victim’s statement\u003c/a>, which she read in court before Turner was sentenced, spoke to her experience on that January 2015 night when Turner was discovered on top of her unconscious body behind a dumpster at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To sit under oath and inform all of us, that yes I wanted it, yes I permitted it and that you are the true victim attacked by guys for reasons unknown to you is sick, is demented, is selfish, is stupid,” Miller told Turner in court in 2016. “It shows that you were willing to go to any length to discredit me, invalidate me, and explain why it was OK to hurt me. You tried unyieldingly to save yourself, your reputation, at my expense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after she read that statement in court, describing in vivid, disturbing detail the violence and trauma she’d experienced, the judge overseeing the trial sentenced her attacker to six months in jail — much less than the six years in prison that prosecutors wanted for Turner, who had been convicted of three counts of felony sexual assault. Aaron Persky, then a California Superior Court judge, justified his light sentence at the time by saying “a prison sentence would have a severe impact on [Turner].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner would ultimately serve \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/02/492390163/brock-turner-freed-from-jail-after-serving-half-of-6-month-sentence\">just three months\u003c/a> of that sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spoke with conviction. I felt that it was working. I felt that it was everything I could have done. So I felt relief and pride and now thought the hardest parts were behind me, but they weren’t,” Miller recalls of that hearing. “When the sentence was announced, the immediate reaction I had was humiliation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she had struggled to include her family and friends in the legal process up to that point. Since the moment she began learning what had happened to her that night — “every detail I found out on the news,” she says — Miller remembers keeping many of her family and friends out of courtroom proceedings, hoping to “protect the people that I loved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It had even taken her some time to tell her parents about what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost like I cracked in half,” she says of that conversation. “I just sort of bent over and was unable to speak. And at that point, my mom stood up and she just held me and we both cried. Because I don’t think you can assign words to that initial experience. I think you need to feel it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To most in her life, though, she didn’t talk about what was going on in court, or even say where it was she was going when there was a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was extremely difficult to conceal that this was going on in my life,” she explains. “At the same time, I felt like it was necessary to protect myself, and I was also terrified of the investigators. I felt like I couldn’t disclose or be open about what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Turner’s sentencing rolled around, Miller had relented and let some family and friends join her in the courtroom — but “as soon as the sentence was read,” she says, “I remember thinking, ‘Why did you allow them in?’ Now people are just going to get hurt again. You humiliated yourself in front of everyone you love. And this is why you should do things alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was not just humiliated; she was also confused how a conviction backed by witnesses and material evidence could have ended like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Had I not released my statement, I would have gone home believing that my words were worth nothing. I would never have thought, ‘Wow, that was such a courageous thing that I did,’ or ‘Wow, I’m an eloquent writer.’ I truly believed that I had failed,” she tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referring to Persky, she adds: “I don’t understand how, if he is in such a high state of authority, he can overlook everything that I presented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Chanel Miller\"]‘It almost felt like a bittersweet birthday in that I was able to finally exist in the world without having to hide anything.’[/pullquote]Persky would ultimately feel the consequences of his lenient sentence. Last year voters in Santa Clara County \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/06/05/617071359/voters-are-deciding-whether-to-recall-aaron-persky-judge-who-sentenced-brock-tur\">recalled him\u003c/a> from the bench — the first judicial recall in the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/06/5045019/\">since 1932\u003c/a>. Earlier this month the former judge was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/12/us/brock-turner-case-judge-fired-coaching-job/index.html\">fired from\u003c/a> his briefly held job as a girls’ tennis coach at a Bay Area high school, after his involvement in the Turner case became known to the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just months after the controversial sentence, around the same time Turner was released from jail, California lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/30/491989477/california-lawmakers-approve-mandatory-sentencing-for-rape\">passed legislation\u003c/a> mandating tougher sentences for defendants convicted of sexually assaulting unconscious victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Miller, whose memoir publishes this week, she says she’s ready to leave “Emily Doe” behind — even if she plans on keeping the lessons she learned on her long road back to trusting herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In court, it’s almost like you become deaf to support. Even if my family was continuing to say loving things in court, I felt like I was a criminal, like I was to blame, that I was being punished. Otherwise why would they — if I was good, why would they be treating me like this?” she says. “It took me a long time to figure out that no, I deserve much better — and to teach myself self-compassion, and to listen to the voices that were supporting me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Chanel+Miller%2C+Sexual+Assault+Survivor%2C+On+The+%27Immense+Relief%27+Of+Going+Public&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And she says that moment, when at last she revealed her identity \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757626939/victim-of-brock-turner-sexual-assault-reveals-her-identity\">earlier this month\u003c/a>, came as “an immense relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It almost felt like a bittersweet birthday,” Miller tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>, “in that I was able to finally exist in the world without having to hide anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the incident that made her story — but not her name — famous, Miller had spent much time in silence. Only \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/newsroom/newsreleases/Documents/B-Turner%20VIS.pdf\">her 12-page victim’s statement\u003c/a>, which she read in court before Turner was sentenced, spoke to her experience on that January 2015 night when Turner was discovered on top of her unconscious body behind a dumpster at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To sit under oath and inform all of us, that yes I wanted it, yes I permitted it and that you are the true victim attacked by guys for reasons unknown to you is sick, is demented, is selfish, is stupid,” Miller told Turner in court in 2016. “It shows that you were willing to go to any length to discredit me, invalidate me, and explain why it was OK to hurt me. You tried unyieldingly to save yourself, your reputation, at my expense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after she read that statement in court, describing in vivid, disturbing detail the violence and trauma she’d experienced, the judge overseeing the trial sentenced her attacker to six months in jail — much less than the six years in prison that prosecutors wanted for Turner, who had been convicted of three counts of felony sexual assault. Aaron Persky, then a California Superior Court judge, justified his light sentence at the time by saying “a prison sentence would have a severe impact on [Turner].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner would ultimately serve \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/02/492390163/brock-turner-freed-from-jail-after-serving-half-of-6-month-sentence\">just three months\u003c/a> of that sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spoke with conviction. I felt that it was working. I felt that it was everything I could have done. So I felt relief and pride and now thought the hardest parts were behind me, but they weren’t,” Miller recalls of that hearing. “When the sentence was announced, the immediate reaction I had was humiliation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she had struggled to include her family and friends in the legal process up to that point. Since the moment she began learning what had happened to her that night — “every detail I found out on the news,” she says — Miller remembers keeping many of her family and friends out of courtroom proceedings, hoping to “protect the people that I loved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It had even taken her some time to tell her parents about what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was almost like I cracked in half,” she says of that conversation. “I just sort of bent over and was unable to speak. And at that point, my mom stood up and she just held me and we both cried. Because I don’t think you can assign words to that initial experience. I think you need to feel it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To most in her life, though, she didn’t talk about what was going on in court, or even say where it was she was going when there was a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was extremely difficult to conceal that this was going on in my life,” she explains. “At the same time, I felt like it was necessary to protect myself, and I was also terrified of the investigators. I felt like I couldn’t disclose or be open about what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Turner’s sentencing rolled around, Miller had relented and let some family and friends join her in the courtroom — but “as soon as the sentence was read,” she says, “I remember thinking, ‘Why did you allow them in?’ Now people are just going to get hurt again. You humiliated yourself in front of everyone you love. And this is why you should do things alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was not just humiliated; she was also confused how a conviction backed by witnesses and material evidence could have ended like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Had I not released my statement, I would have gone home believing that my words were worth nothing. I would never have thought, ‘Wow, that was such a courageous thing that I did,’ or ‘Wow, I’m an eloquent writer.’ I truly believed that I had failed,” she tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referring to Persky, she adds: “I don’t understand how, if he is in such a high state of authority, he can overlook everything that I presented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Persky would ultimately feel the consequences of his lenient sentence. Last year voters in Santa Clara County \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/06/05/617071359/voters-are-deciding-whether-to-recall-aaron-persky-judge-who-sentenced-brock-tur\">recalled him\u003c/a> from the bench — the first judicial recall in the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/06/5045019/\">since 1932\u003c/a>. Earlier this month the former judge was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/12/us/brock-turner-case-judge-fired-coaching-job/index.html\">fired from\u003c/a> his briefly held job as a girls’ tennis coach at a Bay Area high school, after his involvement in the Turner case became known to the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just months after the controversial sentence, around the same time Turner was released from jail, California lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/08/30/491989477/california-lawmakers-approve-mandatory-sentencing-for-rape\">passed legislation\u003c/a> mandating tougher sentences for defendants convicted of sexually assaulting unconscious victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Miller, whose memoir publishes this week, she says she’s ready to leave “Emily Doe” behind — even if she plans on keeping the lessons she learned on her long road back to trusting herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In court, it’s almost like you become deaf to support. Even if my family was continuing to say loving things in court, I felt like I was a criminal, like I was to blame, that I was being punished. Otherwise why would they — if I was good, why would they be treating me like this?” she says. “It took me a long time to figure out that no, I deserve much better — and to teach myself self-compassion, and to listen to the voices that were supporting me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Chanel+Miller%2C+Sexual+Assault+Survivor%2C+On+The+%27Immense+Relief%27+Of+Going+Public&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A former Peruvian president is facing extradition from San Francisco to answer to corruption charges in his home country. Former President Alejandro Toledo has a long history in the Bay Area, where he has been hiding from criminal charges in Peru since early 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is currently detained in federal custody in San Francisco as he faces an extradition process that could go on for months. The case is front-page news in Peru but barely a blip in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 339px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11763809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/7E7BD249-2272-4AD6-805C-05CE5D0EF7E6.jpeg\" alt=\"Alejandro Toledo's photo in the University of San Francisco's 1970 yearbook. Toledo graduated USF with a bachelor's degree in economics and business administration.\" width=\"339\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/7E7BD249-2272-4AD6-805C-05CE5D0EF7E6.jpeg 339w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/7E7BD249-2272-4AD6-805C-05CE5D0EF7E6-160x227.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Toledo’s photo in the University of San Francisco’s 1970 yearbook. Toledo graduated USF with a bachelor’s degree in economics and business administration. \u003ccite>(The Don/USF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Peruvian officials issued an arrest warrant for Toledo in February 2017, when he was accused of taking kickbacks from Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company that admitted to paying multimillion-dollar bribes to secure contracts throughout Latin America. The scandal has already landed two former presidents of Peru in jail, including one who resigned as a result of the charges. Another ex-president committed suicide earlier this year as the police were coming to arrest him. Other high-level politicians are also facing criminal charges or are expected to be charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Toledo had been hiding from Peruvian prosecutors in Menlo Park. The 73-year-old former president, who resettled in the Bay Area after losing a 2016 re-election bid, simply opted to not return to Peru and even tried to flee to Israel, where his wife is a citizen, without success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His links to Northern California go back half a century. Born in extreme poverty in the Peruvian highlands of indigenous ancestry, Toledo sold newspapers and worked shining shoes until two Peace Corps volunteers ran into him. Captivated by his smarts, they helped him get a partial scholarship to attend the University of San Francisco in 1966, according to records from the school and news reports from Peru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At USF, Toledo — who went by Alex — played on the Dons’ varsity soccer team and worked the graveyard shift at a gas station on Fulton Street to pay for the rest of his studies. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in economics and business administration in 1970, and moved on to complete two master’s degrees at Stanford, on in economics and one in education.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nIt was at Stanford that Toledo established his biggest bonds to the Bay Area. He met his future wife, a Belgian anthropologist who would go on to become the Peruvian first lady. He established connections with professors who would be by his side when he married and during his presidential inauguration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toledo rose to work at the United Nations and the World Bank in the late 1970s and ’80s. He obtained a Ph.D. in education from Stanford in 1993 before entering Peruvian politics. In 2000, he led the final push against Alberto Fujimori’s dictatorship and became the country’s first indigenous president a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toledo would spearhead Peru’s economic recovery for the next five years. Often disrespected for his indigenous origins and brash behavior — he was known as a rampant drinker and philanderer — his presidency is now seen as fairly decent by Peruvian standards. In subsequent presidential elections, he came to be known as the “lesser evil” of the candidate pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763643\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11763643 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Alejandro Toledo was the commencement speaker at Stanford University on 2003, when he was the sitting Peruvian president. Toledo received a standing ovation after his 45-minute speech.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-1020x762.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-1200x897.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-1920x1435.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Toledo was the commencement speaker at Stanford University on 2003, when he was the sitting Peruvian president. \u003ccite>(Stanford University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Things began to unravel for him in 2015, when investigative journalists and prosecutors in Peru started digging, and noticed that his finances did not quite add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his main initiatives as a president between 2001 and 2006 was the construction of a Transoceanic Highway, Peru-to-Brazil. The contract was given to Brazilian construction company Odebrecht, one of the main players in the ongoing continental corruption scandal known as “Lava Jato” (“Car Wash”). In late 2016, prosecutors accused Toledo of receiving a $20 million kickback for that contract, and committing money laundering to make it land in his family’s bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, Toledo was back at Stanford as a visiting fellow in the School of Education. The manhunt to bring him to justice became an extradition request that was addressed only this month. In the meantime, the former president and his wife — also accused for her role in the corruption scheme — were regulars at campus events related to democracy and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March of this year, Toledo spent a night in the San Mateo County Jail for public intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was arrested in his Menlo Park house on July 16, Toledo had a suitcase with $40,000, Assistant U.S. Attorney Elise LaPunzina said at a July 19 extradition hearing in federal court in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Thomas S. Hixson denied him release on bail, finding Toledo might try to flee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extradition process is scheduled to resume at a hearing Aug. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763651\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11763651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Toledo's 2015 book, "The Shared Society," still on display at the Stanford Library on July 18, days after the ex-president's arrest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1832x1374.jpeg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Toledo’s 2015 book, published by Stanford University Press, is still on display at the Stanford Library on July 18, days after the ex-president’s arrest. \u003ccite>(Liliana Michelena)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Peru Has Been Arresting Its Former Presidents. One’s Been Hiding in the Bay Area for Years | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A former Peruvian president is facing extradition from San Francisco to answer to corruption charges in his home country. Former President Alejandro Toledo has a long history in the Bay Area, where he has been hiding from criminal charges in Peru since early 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is currently detained in federal custody in San Francisco as he faces an extradition process that could go on for months. The case is front-page news in Peru but barely a blip in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 339px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11763809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/7E7BD249-2272-4AD6-805C-05CE5D0EF7E6.jpeg\" alt=\"Alejandro Toledo's photo in the University of San Francisco's 1970 yearbook. Toledo graduated USF with a bachelor's degree in economics and business administration.\" width=\"339\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/7E7BD249-2272-4AD6-805C-05CE5D0EF7E6.jpeg 339w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/7E7BD249-2272-4AD6-805C-05CE5D0EF7E6-160x227.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Toledo’s photo in the University of San Francisco’s 1970 yearbook. Toledo graduated USF with a bachelor’s degree in economics and business administration. \u003ccite>(The Don/USF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Peruvian officials issued an arrest warrant for Toledo in February 2017, when he was accused of taking kickbacks from Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction company that admitted to paying multimillion-dollar bribes to secure contracts throughout Latin America. The scandal has already landed two former presidents of Peru in jail, including one who resigned as a result of the charges. Another ex-president committed suicide earlier this year as the police were coming to arrest him. Other high-level politicians are also facing criminal charges or are expected to be charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Toledo had been hiding from Peruvian prosecutors in Menlo Park. The 73-year-old former president, who resettled in the Bay Area after losing a 2016 re-election bid, simply opted to not return to Peru and even tried to flee to Israel, where his wife is a citizen, without success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His links to Northern California go back half a century. Born in extreme poverty in the Peruvian highlands of indigenous ancestry, Toledo sold newspapers and worked shining shoes until two Peace Corps volunteers ran into him. Captivated by his smarts, they helped him get a partial scholarship to attend the University of San Francisco in 1966, according to records from the school and news reports from Peru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At USF, Toledo — who went by Alex — played on the Dons’ varsity soccer team and worked the graveyard shift at a gas station on Fulton Street to pay for the rest of his studies. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in economics and business administration in 1970, and moved on to complete two master’s degrees at Stanford, on in economics and one in education.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIt was at Stanford that Toledo established his biggest bonds to the Bay Area. He met his future wife, a Belgian anthropologist who would go on to become the Peruvian first lady. He established connections with professors who would be by his side when he married and during his presidential inauguration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toledo rose to work at the United Nations and the World Bank in the late 1970s and ’80s. He obtained a Ph.D. in education from Stanford in 1993 before entering Peruvian politics. In 2000, he led the final push against Alberto Fujimori’s dictatorship and became the country’s first indigenous president a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toledo would spearhead Peru’s economic recovery for the next five years. Often disrespected for his indigenous origins and brash behavior — he was known as a rampant drinker and philanderer — his presidency is now seen as fairly decent by Peruvian standards. In subsequent presidential elections, he came to be known as the “lesser evil” of the candidate pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763643\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11763643 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Alejandro Toledo was the commencement speaker at Stanford University on 2003, when he was the sitting Peruvian president. Toledo received a standing ovation after his 45-minute speech.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-1020x762.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-1200x897.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-1920x1435.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-2003.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Toledo was the commencement speaker at Stanford University on 2003, when he was the sitting Peruvian president. \u003ccite>(Stanford University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Things began to unravel for him in 2015, when investigative journalists and prosecutors in Peru started digging, and noticed that his finances did not quite add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his main initiatives as a president between 2001 and 2006 was the construction of a Transoceanic Highway, Peru-to-Brazil. The contract was given to Brazilian construction company Odebrecht, one of the main players in the ongoing continental corruption scandal known as “Lava Jato” (“Car Wash”). In late 2016, prosecutors accused Toledo of receiving a $20 million kickback for that contract, and committing money laundering to make it land in his family’s bank accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, Toledo was back at Stanford as a visiting fellow in the School of Education. The manhunt to bring him to justice became an extradition request that was addressed only this month. In the meantime, the former president and his wife — also accused for her role in the corruption scheme — were regulars at campus events related to democracy and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March of this year, Toledo spent a night in the San Mateo County Jail for public intoxication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was arrested in his Menlo Park house on July 16, Toledo had a suitcase with $40,000, Assistant U.S. Attorney Elise LaPunzina said at a July 19 extradition hearing in federal court in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Thomas S. Hixson denied him release on bail, finding Toledo might try to flee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extradition process is scheduled to resume at a hearing Aug. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763651\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11763651\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Toledo's 2015 book, "The Shared Society," still on display at the Stanford Library on July 18, days after the ex-president's arrest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1832x1374.jpeg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/toledo-book.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Toledo’s 2015 book, published by Stanford University Press, is still on display at the Stanford Library on July 18, days after the ex-president’s arrest. \u003ccite>(Liliana Michelena)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a bid to get Santa Clara County to green light the largest \u003ca href=\"https://gup.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">development application\u003c/a> in county history, Stanford University on Monday unveiled a rejiggered package of community housing, transportation and education benefits worth $4.7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford is offering $3.4 billion to build at least 1,115 new housing units — including 575 below-market rate — and $1.17 billion to finance transportation improvements and $138 million to boost Palo Alto Unified School District’s coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would constitute most of what the county has asked for, but not all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Stanford is proposing to deliver over the next two decades:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Three quarters of the 2,172 housing units the county demanded, including 575 below-market rate, in the first few years of the expansion, some portion thereof on university land.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$15.25 million in pedestrian, bicycle and transit improvements in San Mateo County and $15.05 million in Palo Alto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion for the expansion of sustainable commute programs and transit infrastructure projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion in fees in lieu of a cap on commute trips affecting campus residents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$138.5 million to the Palo Alto Unified School District.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a different moment — not only for us — which is reflected in this proposal that we’ve brought forward, but for all of the communities around us,” said Jean McCown, Stanford’s associate vice president for government and community relations, noting Stanford has 8,180 acres of property in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have always had long-term, land use plans for our academic teaching and research facilities, and for housing our faculty and students,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757029\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford's plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford’s plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that’s not to say the negotiation process every quarter century or so goes smoothly, and that’s proving especially true in the midst of an unprecedented housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Stanford is only planning to grow at the rate of roughly 1% a year, it’s a big entity — in a region already strained by the impacts of explosive economic development paired with inadequate housing and transit development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region.’\u003ccite>Jean McCown, Stanford University’s associate vice president for government and community relations\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the friction between Stanford and neighboring counties is the extent to which they want the university to respond to the region’s housing crisis. While offering to build the larger portion of the housing Santa Clara County planning officials asked for, Stanford wants to repeal two ordinances that require it to pay affordable housing fees and designate 16% of new housing units as affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also wants credit for half of 1,300 units of graduate student housing that’s already in the pipeline and a 215-unit faculty and staff housing project in Menlo Park. Both were planned independent of the campus expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d5/Pages/home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joe Simitian\u003c/a> represents the district home to all of the proposed growth and he helped negotiate the last general use plan in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757058\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford's general use plan.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford’s general use plan. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simitian, who hasn’t had the chance to review all 52 pages of Stanford’s latest proposal yet, said “even a cursory reading suggests it’s pretty much more of the same. I can understand why the university would want a bilateral agreement negotiated behind closed doors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university is taking about bringing 9,610 new folks to the campus: students, staff, faculty, day workers. And yet has proposed 2,600 beds and 550 housing units. Well, that means there are more than 7,000 people — after you get rid of the student beds — more than 7,000 people fighting for 550 housing units. Pretty clear that’s not going to work,” Simitian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated. It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.’\u003ccite>Joe Simitian, Santa Clara County supervisor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Simitian is not alone in his concerns. A group of Palo Alto and Santa Clara County officials wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/70025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> detailing their objections, particularly around transit concerns, in February to the county’s director of planning and development. San Mateo County has \u003ca href=\"https://cmo.smcgov.org/blog/2019-05-06/county-san-mateo-cities-urge-santa-clara-county-help-hold-stanford-accountable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also sent a letter \u003c/a>to Santa Clara County Supervisors, urging them “to help hold Stanford University accountable for the anticipated impacts to housing, traffic, the environment and residents if it is allowed to expand its campus by more than 20 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated,” he said. “It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately though, Simitian says he expects to “get to ‘yes’,” despite what he sees as “pushback” from the largest landowner in the county as the parties enter what most consider the final stage of the approval process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to develop three and a million square feet, then you’ve got to mitigate the impacts,” said Simitian. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are those who feel Stanford is promising enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford.’\u003ccite>Russell Hancock, CEO of Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Russell Hancock, a Stanford \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.stanford.edu/people/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lecturer\u003c/a> and also president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://jointventure.org/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, said, “It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford. This is a world class institution. There would be no Silicon Valley without Stanford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that many Stanford neighbors enjoy free use of amenities like hiking trails, gardens and museums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get to cheer for Stanford in the Rose Bowl, this is just an amazing community asset,” Hancock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does he think there’s resistance to Stanford’s plan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s growth related,” said Hancock. “There might be other things at play as well. There might be egos and personalities involved that go back generations. But these communities, Palo Alto and Menlo Park [in particular], are deeply concerned about growth, and their citizens are electing representatives who want to curtail all of the growth, and Stanford is a growing institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The County of Santa Clara Planning and Development Department has been holding a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/opa/newsroom/Pages/stanforduniversitylandusepermithearings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of planning commission hearings\u003c/a> to review Stanford University’s General Use Permit application. The last such meeting will be held Thursday, June 27 at 1:30 p.m. in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In a bid to get Santa Clara County to OK the largest development application in county history, Stanford University unveiled a rejiggered package of housing, transportation and education benefits.",
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"title": "Stanford Wants to Expand, and Hopes $4.7 Billion Community Package Will Convince Officials | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a bid to get Santa Clara County to green light the largest \u003ca href=\"https://gup.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">development application\u003c/a> in county history, Stanford University on Monday unveiled a rejiggered package of community housing, transportation and education benefits worth $4.7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford is offering $3.4 billion to build at least 1,115 new housing units — including 575 below-market rate — and $1.17 billion to finance transportation improvements and $138 million to boost Palo Alto Unified School District’s coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would constitute most of what the county has asked for, but not all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Stanford is proposing to deliver over the next two decades:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Three quarters of the 2,172 housing units the county demanded, including 575 below-market rate, in the first few years of the expansion, some portion thereof on university land.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$15.25 million in pedestrian, bicycle and transit improvements in San Mateo County and $15.05 million in Palo Alto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion for the expansion of sustainable commute programs and transit infrastructure projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion in fees in lieu of a cap on commute trips affecting campus residents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$138.5 million to the Palo Alto Unified School District.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a different moment — not only for us — which is reflected in this proposal that we’ve brought forward, but for all of the communities around us,” said Jean McCown, Stanford’s associate vice president for government and community relations, noting Stanford has 8,180 acres of property in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have always had long-term, land use plans for our academic teaching and research facilities, and for housing our faculty and students,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757029\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford's plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford’s plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that’s not to say the negotiation process every quarter century or so goes smoothly, and that’s proving especially true in the midst of an unprecedented housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Stanford is only planning to grow at the rate of roughly 1% a year, it’s a big entity — in a region already strained by the impacts of explosive economic development paired with inadequate housing and transit development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region.’\u003ccite>Jean McCown, Stanford University’s associate vice president for government and community relations\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the friction between Stanford and neighboring counties is the extent to which they want the university to respond to the region’s housing crisis. While offering to build the larger portion of the housing Santa Clara County planning officials asked for, Stanford wants to repeal two ordinances that require it to pay affordable housing fees and designate 16% of new housing units as affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also wants credit for half of 1,300 units of graduate student housing that’s already in the pipeline and a 215-unit faculty and staff housing project in Menlo Park. Both were planned independent of the campus expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d5/Pages/home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joe Simitian\u003c/a> represents the district home to all of the proposed growth and he helped negotiate the last general use plan in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757058\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford's general use plan.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford’s general use plan. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simitian, who hasn’t had the chance to review all 52 pages of Stanford’s latest proposal yet, said “even a cursory reading suggests it’s pretty much more of the same. I can understand why the university would want a bilateral agreement negotiated behind closed doors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university is taking about bringing 9,610 new folks to the campus: students, staff, faculty, day workers. And yet has proposed 2,600 beds and 550 housing units. Well, that means there are more than 7,000 people — after you get rid of the student beds — more than 7,000 people fighting for 550 housing units. Pretty clear that’s not going to work,” Simitian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated. It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.’\u003ccite>Joe Simitian, Santa Clara County supervisor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Simitian is not alone in his concerns. A group of Palo Alto and Santa Clara County officials wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/70025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> detailing their objections, particularly around transit concerns, in February to the county’s director of planning and development. San Mateo County has \u003ca href=\"https://cmo.smcgov.org/blog/2019-05-06/county-san-mateo-cities-urge-santa-clara-county-help-hold-stanford-accountable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also sent a letter \u003c/a>to Santa Clara County Supervisors, urging them “to help hold Stanford University accountable for the anticipated impacts to housing, traffic, the environment and residents if it is allowed to expand its campus by more than 20 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated,” he said. “It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately though, Simitian says he expects to “get to ‘yes’,” despite what he sees as “pushback” from the largest landowner in the county as the parties enter what most consider the final stage of the approval process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to develop three and a million square feet, then you’ve got to mitigate the impacts,” said Simitian. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are those who feel Stanford is promising enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford.’\u003ccite>Russell Hancock, CEO of Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Russell Hancock, a Stanford \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.stanford.edu/people/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lecturer\u003c/a> and also president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://jointventure.org/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, said, “It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford. This is a world class institution. There would be no Silicon Valley without Stanford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that many Stanford neighbors enjoy free use of amenities like hiking trails, gardens and museums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get to cheer for Stanford in the Rose Bowl, this is just an amazing community asset,” Hancock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does he think there’s resistance to Stanford’s plan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s growth related,” said Hancock. “There might be other things at play as well. There might be egos and personalities involved that go back generations. But these communities, Palo Alto and Menlo Park [in particular], are deeply concerned about growth, and their citizens are electing representatives who want to curtail all of the growth, and Stanford is a growing institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The County of Santa Clara Planning and Development Department has been holding a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/opa/newsroom/Pages/stanforduniversitylandusepermithearings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of planning commission hearings\u003c/a> to review Stanford University’s General Use Permit application. The last such meeting will be held Thursday, June 27 at 1:30 p.m. in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1:46 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Stanford University sailing coach John Vandemoer will not face prison time after pleading guilty to accepting bribes as part of a sweeping college admissions scandal that grabbed national headlines and shocked the U.S. higher education system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a federal court in Boston on Wednesday, U.S. District Judge Rya Zobel sentenced him to one day in prison, which is deemed served. He was also sentenced to two years of supervised release, with the first six months in home confinement, and was ordered to pay a $10,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11733790' label=''Just the Tip of the Iceberg': Stanford Students React in Wake of Admissions Scandal' hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35917__M6A0102-qut-3.jpg\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11733790/just-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-stanford-students-react-in-wake-of-admissions-scandal\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Vandemoer pleaded guilty to a single count of racketeering conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first sentence handed down in connection with the scam. Prosecutors had asked for a \"meaningful\" sentence of 13 months in prison and one year of supervised release to rebuild faith in what they call a \"rigged\" system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vandemoer's lawyers argued that he should be sentenced to probation. \"There is simply no way incarceration is necessary to deter Mr. Vandemoer from ever doing this, or anything like this, again,\" they wrote in a sentencing memorandum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Vandemoer's case, he has admitted to accepting payments to the sailing program of $110,000 and $500,000 for agreeing to help try to secure admission for two students. In one of those cases, prosecutors say, he was not able to actually designate the student as a recruit due to a timing snafu. Separately, the scheme's mastermind also mailed him a check for $160,000 that they agreed would count toward a \"future student.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coaches like Vandemoer were the key to the so-called side door that many students around the nation illicitly slipped through to get into elite colleges. Coaches on the take would use their special slots meant for star recruits and instead sell them. Often that meant admitting students purporting to be champion athletes in sports they never even actually played; in some cases, photos were staged or doctored to make them look like competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Patrick Cotter, a former federal prosecutor']'You will never be able to truly calculate the harm done when people learn that it's a rigged game.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vandemoer \"not only deceived and defrauded\" Stanford, prosecutors wrote in their sentencing memorandum, \"but also validated a national cynicism over college admissions by helping wealthy and unscrupulous applicants enjoy an unjust advantage over those who lack deep pockets or are simply unwilling to cheat to get ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You will never be able to truly calculate the harm done when people learn that it's a rigged game,\" said attorney Patrick Cotter, a former federal prosecutor who is not involved in the case. \"That's a terrible crime on society. We'll never know how many kids gave up trying to get into good schools saying to themselves 'I'm not going to make the effort because some rich kid is just going to buy his way in ahead of me. So why bother?'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\"You know, if it was put up to a vote the public would probably send all these people to jail for 20 years,\" Cotter added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vandemoer's lawyers, however, are seeking leniency for the 41-year-old father of a 1-year-old and a 3-year-old. In their sentencing memorandum, defense attorneys describe Vandemoer as \"fundamentally a decent family man\" who \"dearly regrets\" his \"terrible mistake\" and has \"worked hard to make amends.\" They also argue he's \"perhaps the least culpable\" of all 50 defendants engulfed in this scandal since he never pocketed any money for himself — it all went to the sailing team to pay for uniforms, equipment and an assistant coach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vandemoer's intent, while misguided, was to help the sailing program he loved,\" his lawyers wrote. And besides, they added, no student ever actually got into Stanford because of Vandemoer. Two students opted to go elsewhere and the third student, who was too late to be recruited, applied and got in through the normal process, but was kicked out this year, after Stanford learned that her resume contained false information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vandemoer's lawyers have also sent the judge some 30 letters from family, friends and supporters, including former students and colleagues, extolling Vandemoer's character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='college-admissions-scandal' label='The College Admissions Scandal']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honesty and integrity were more important [to Vandemoer] than victory,\" wrote one parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's known as a straight shooter; one who adheres to the rules closely,\" said an attorney who has worked with Vandemoer in community sailing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many across the nation have been outraged as prosecutors \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/12/702539140/u-s-accuses-actresses-others-of-fraud-in-wide-college-admissions-scandal\">revealed the brazen scam\u003c/a> that also involved cheating on students' SAT and ACT entrance exams. The government has amassed a mountain of damning evidence, including emails, wiretapped phone conversations and financial records, implicating coaches, parents, middlemen, test proctors and test takers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mastermind, Rick Singer, has pleaded guilty to racketeering conspiracy, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and obstruction of justice. That could mean 65 years in prison. But Singer is hoping his sentence will be much lighter because he has been cooperating with the government to build cases against others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a dozen parents have already pleaded guilty, including actress Felicity Huffman, who expressed \"deep regret and shame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another, New York attorney Gordon Caplan, choked up publicly when he said he was \"really sorry to my daughter who I love more than anything in the world, who knew nothing about this\" and also to \"all the other kids who are in the college admissions process and to all the parents who are helping them and supporting them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly 20 parents, including actress Lori Loughlin, are fighting the charges. Attorney Martin Weinberg represents two defendants who have pleaded not guilty and say they're looking forward to a trial to prove they did nothing wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Donations that are made on an everyday basis by parents of students to universities, we contend were not bribes, but were instead donations,\" Weinberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Stanford said it wants nothing to do with the money Vandemoer brought in because of the scheme, no matter what anyone calls it. The school said it considers the money tainted and is planning to redirect it \"for the public good.\" The school did not weigh in on how much time Vandemoer deserved for a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Former+Stanford+Coach+Will+Not+Serve+Prison+Time+For+Admissions+Scandal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honesty and integrity were more important [to Vandemoer] than victory,\" wrote one parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's known as a straight shooter; one who adheres to the rules closely,\" said an attorney who has worked with Vandemoer in community sailing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many across the nation have been outraged as prosecutors \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/12/702539140/u-s-accuses-actresses-others-of-fraud-in-wide-college-admissions-scandal\">revealed the brazen scam\u003c/a> that also involved cheating on students' SAT and ACT entrance exams. The government has amassed a mountain of damning evidence, including emails, wiretapped phone conversations and financial records, implicating coaches, parents, middlemen, test proctors and test takers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mastermind, Rick Singer, has pleaded guilty to racketeering conspiracy, money laundering conspiracy, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and obstruction of justice. That could mean 65 years in prison. But Singer is hoping his sentence will be much lighter because he has been cooperating with the government to build cases against others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a dozen parents have already pleaded guilty, including actress Felicity Huffman, who expressed \"deep regret and shame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another, New York attorney Gordon Caplan, choked up publicly when he said he was \"really sorry to my daughter who I love more than anything in the world, who knew nothing about this\" and also to \"all the other kids who are in the college admissions process and to all the parents who are helping them and supporting them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nearly 20 parents, including actress Lori Loughlin, are fighting the charges. Attorney Martin Weinberg represents two defendants who have pleaded not guilty and say they're looking forward to a trial to prove they did nothing wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Donations that are made on an everyday basis by parents of students to universities, we contend were not bribes, but were instead donations,\" Weinberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Stanford said it wants nothing to do with the money Vandemoer brought in because of the scheme, no matter what anyone calls it. The school said it considers the money tainted and is planning to redirect it \"for the public good.\" The school did not weigh in on how much time Vandemoer deserved for a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Former+Stanford+Coach+Will+Not+Serve+Prison+Time+For+Admissions+Scandal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"filters": [
"Any Region"
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},
"cuisine": {
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"promos": {
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"events": {},
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}
}
