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"bio": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.",
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"disqusTitle": "Wrongly Targeted For Deportation, Cambodian American Returns to the US",
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"content": "\u003cp>After landing in San Francisco International Airport from Cambodia last Wednesday evening, Sok Khoeun Loeun greeted a cheering crowd of family and friends with hugs and high fives, but he was scanning the crowd for his mother. When he reached her, he dropped to his knees, placed his head at her feet and bowed again and again with his hands clasped and fingertips raised to his forehead. Moments later, he did the same to his tearful father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to show that I respect and love them,” Loeun said, recalling last week’s emotional reunion. “They went there to support me after everything. They still showed up. It meant a lot and in our culture, that's the way to pay back our respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800318\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loeun spoke to KQED by phone from Bakersfield, where he attended a cousin’s birthday a few days later. He was making the rounds to visit with family members he hadn’t seen in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few months ago, Loeun had been resigned to never stepping foot again in America, where his parents, three sons and six brothers and sisters all live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun, 35, had lived in Fresno since he was a baby, after his family was admitted to the U.S. as refugees. But in 2015, he voluntarily left for Cambodia after learning that the Department of Homeland Security had placed him in deportation proceedings because of a 2012 marijuana possession conviction. He said the prospect of spending months or years in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention seemed far worse at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800321\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" alt=\"Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sok Khoeun Loeun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This past November, Loeun learned it was a choice he should not have had to make. After attending a legal clinic in Phnom Penh held by advocacy organizations, including San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus and the Oakland-based Asian Prisoner Support Committee, he discovered a shocking revelation: He was a U.S. citizen, and the government had no right to deport him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His return home transformed the international arrivals lobby of the airport into a joyous celebration where over 50 community members anticipated his arrival. It felt like a typical Cambodian family gathering, where foil trays of egg rolls and pink boxes of donuts were passed around and people sang and danced to Cambodian ballads blaring from a portable speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800320\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800320\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" alt=\"Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that Sok is here is really exceptional but it needs to be normal. Cambodian families need the opportunity to come together, be together and heal together,” Loeun’s attorney, Anoop Prasad, told the crowd of supporters. According to Prasad, Loeun is the third Cambodian ever to return to the U.S. after facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with an increase in ICE raids and deportations of Southeast Asians, Prasad and other advocates are stepping up their legal advocacy in an effort to reunite Cambodian deportees, like Loeun, with their families. Under the Trump administration, deportation numbers have been the highest in a decade: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf\">Removals to Cambodia\u003c/a> nearly tripled in 2018 and in January of this year alone, ICE deported an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ice-deported-25-cambodian-immigrants-most-whom-arrived-u-s-n1117906\">estimated 25 Cambodian immigrants\u003c/a> — more than 30% of the total number of Cambodians \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2019/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">deported in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizers say these deportations fracture Cambodian families, many of whom still suffer from their experiences under Cambodia’s genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, which they fled in the 1970s. Advocates hope to bring more people like Loeun home by similarly identifying bureaucratic errors made in Cambodian immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Loeun’s case, a spokesperson from U.S. Customs and Border Protection declined to comment on any pending cases as a matter of policy, and said that doing so “should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a majority of the Cambodians deported are legal residents with old felony convictions, many families struggle to understand the complexities of how the immigration and criminal justice systems overlap. That’s where lawyers like Prasad come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It honestly took only two minutes of talking to him to realize that he had American citizenship,” said Prasad, a staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who first met Loeun at the legal clinic in Phnom Penh. He says the error of targeting Loeun for deportation was “clear cut.” But Loeun, like many Cambodian deportees, lacked legal guidance at the time, so it was hardly surprising that no one challenged the government's mistake, said Prasad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether American citizens have been placed into deportation proceedings or detention, ICE spokeswoman Mary G. Houtmann said in a statement that the agency only arrests individuals with “probable cause of alienage and removability from the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann added that the agency investigates immigration status by reviewing electronic and paper records collected by federal, state, local and international agencies, as well as conducting personal interviews. “When the agency receives evidence suggesting that information in its systems is inaccurate, steps are taken to ensure the accuracy of such information,” Houtmann said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann said ICE last updated its policies and procedures for citizenship claims in November 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prasad said, however, that in some cases ICE had wrongly designated a person’s criminal conviction as a deportable offense. “Either some of [the cases] were straight up invalid, or the law wasn’t followed correctly,” Prasad said. Other immigrants, he said, didn’t get legal advice about the immigration consequences of having a conviction on their record at the time they were fighting a criminal charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800316\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800316\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" alt=\"Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S. \u003ccite>( Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about whether criminal convictions could be wrongly classified as deportable, Houtmann said the agency does not make the determination if a person is removable. “That decision rests with immigration courts, which fall under the Department of Justice,” she wrote in a statement. “ICE officers carry out the removal decisions made by the federal immigration judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Family's Resilience Through Genocide and Deportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prasad first visited Cambodia in 2016 to provide legal clinics for deportees. He was part of a delegation that hoped to halt deportations by advocating for an amendment to a repatriation agreement between Cambodia and the U.S. After deportations increased under President Trump, the advocates shifted their tactics and began appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747026/gov-newsom-pardons-two-former-cambodian-refugees-facing-deportation\">governor pardons\u003c/a>. Both Gov. Gavin Newsom and his predecessor, Jerry Brown, have issued pardons of Southeast Asian immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall, Prasad returned to Cambodia and met Loeun and other deportees. Prasad estimates that there are potential legal problems with the deportation orders of nearly a quarter of the people he met there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though each case is different, Prasad said many Cambodian refugees who are forced to leave the U.S. share a similar childhood narrative as Loeun’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s parents survived the Khmer Rouge genocide, which killed over two million Cambodians in the late 1970s. They fled to a refugee camp in Thailand, where Loeun, the eldest of seven siblings, was born in 1984. The family arrived in the U.S. as refugees the following year, and eventually resettled in Fresno. When Loeun was 12, his mother became a naturalized citizen. \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Child-Citizenship-2000-Sections-320-322-INA.html\">Under the Child Citizen Act of 2000\u003c/a>, Loeun automatically became a citizen, too, though no one in the family knew it then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many Cambodian refugees, Loeun’s family lived in a poor neighborhood with high crime, gangs and bullying. “We were the only Cambodian family in our neighborhood,” Loeun said. “Everybody picked on us, called us ‘ching chang chong,’ and they’d break into our house all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Cambodian refugee youths became involved in gangs for a sense of belonging and protection — and those who committed crimes faced an increasingly unforgiving criminal justice system, as immigration and sentencing laws were toughened in the 1990s. In particular, the 1996 acts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/735\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act\u003c/a> (AEDPA) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act\u003c/a> (IIRIRA), greatly expanded the list of offenses considered deportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration judges were struggling to interpret all these new laws and, in general, they were interpreting them in the harshest way possible,” said Prasad. “It took years for the federal court to strike down these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"deportation\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he had served his sentence years before, Loeun again felt the consequences of his drug conviction in 2015, when he was stopped by CBP agents on his return from a family trip to Cambodia. They seized his green card and informed him that he’d likely soon be picked up by ICE. After discussing the predicament with his family, Loeun decided to leave for Cambodia, hoping that he’d be able to work and financially support his boys from abroad. He left the children in the care of their mother and his own parents. His youngest son was just around 5 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s younger sister, Sokhum Lisa Loeun says her family had no resources to help them understand the nuances of immigration law. “No one advocated for him,” she said, her voice cracking. “I’m angry because someone should have told him, ‘Don’t go. You have a chance.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she’s relieved to have her brother finally home, she said it hurts to realize that his five-year absence should never have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Loeun siblings often refer to each other by their birth order and some of them even have tattoos of their numbers in the sibling sequence. Loeun has a No. 1 on his wrist. As the first born, Loeun took a leadership role in the family, helping his parents run their doughnut shop, guiding his nieces and nephews and making key decisions for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his absence, Lisa, the eldest daughter, took on the role of “number one.” “We tried to raise the kids as best as we can but I know that without their dad being here, without them having a father role model, they had it hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s eldest son Kobe, who turns 18 this month and is graduating from high school this spring, says his dad’s absence heightened his anxieties and affected his academic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really be sad because not having my dad around put a lot of stress on me and I wasn’t really doing too good in school,” he said. “I would just be thinking about my dad and I was always scared something would happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cambodia, Loeun also struggled. He said his darkest moments in Cambodia –– moments that included suicidal thoughts — were magnified when he could only watch his family holiday gatherings via Facebook Live. Many deportees there struggle with depression, as well as poor access to medical care and difficulty finding work, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [deportee] community in Cambodia as a whole is struggling. I don't think anyone there who's been deported is OK,” Prasad said. “The solution needs to be a recognition that something has gone terribly wrong here for everyone, not just for the people with U.S. citizenship claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800319\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport. \u003ccite>(Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Loeun feels relieved to be back in the U.S., the return is bittersweet. During his years in Cambodia, he started a new family. Returning to his family in the U.S. meant leaving behind his wife and his beloved 3-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest hope is to bring my daughter here as fast as I can, for her to get here and grow up and know this side of the family,” Loeun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Loeun looks forward to helping his parents with their business, reconnecting with all of his family members and, most importantly, attending Kobe’s high school graduation — an event he thought he would have to watch streamed on his cellphone in Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to be the best father I can be,” Loeun said. “That's my mindset. ... I've always wished for that since I got [to Cambodia], to say, ‘If you guys need anything, I’m just a drive away.’ That’s all I want to be, just a drive away from my family.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cambodian immigrant Sok Loeun automatically became a U.S. citizen at age 12 when his mother was naturalized, but he didn’t realize it. Apparently, neither did immigration authorities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After landing in San Francisco International Airport from Cambodia last Wednesday evening, Sok Khoeun Loeun greeted a cheering crowd of family and friends with hugs and high fives, but he was scanning the crowd for his mother. When he reached her, he dropped to his knees, placed his head at her feet and bowed again and again with his hands clasped and fingertips raised to his forehead. Moments later, he did the same to his tearful father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to show that I respect and love them,” Loeun said, recalling last week’s emotional reunion. “They went there to support me after everything. They still showed up. It meant a lot and in our culture, that's the way to pay back our respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800318\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loeun spoke to KQED by phone from Bakersfield, where he attended a cousin’s birthday a few days later. He was making the rounds to visit with family members he hadn’t seen in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few months ago, Loeun had been resigned to never stepping foot again in America, where his parents, three sons and six brothers and sisters all live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun, 35, had lived in Fresno since he was a baby, after his family was admitted to the U.S. as refugees. But in 2015, he voluntarily left for Cambodia after learning that the Department of Homeland Security had placed him in deportation proceedings because of a 2012 marijuana possession conviction. He said the prospect of spending months or years in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention seemed far worse at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800321\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" alt=\"Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sok Khoeun Loeun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This past November, Loeun learned it was a choice he should not have had to make. After attending a legal clinic in Phnom Penh held by advocacy organizations, including San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus and the Oakland-based Asian Prisoner Support Committee, he discovered a shocking revelation: He was a U.S. citizen, and the government had no right to deport him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His return home transformed the international arrivals lobby of the airport into a joyous celebration where over 50 community members anticipated his arrival. It felt like a typical Cambodian family gathering, where foil trays of egg rolls and pink boxes of donuts were passed around and people sang and danced to Cambodian ballads blaring from a portable speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800320\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800320\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" alt=\"Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that Sok is here is really exceptional but it needs to be normal. Cambodian families need the opportunity to come together, be together and heal together,” Loeun’s attorney, Anoop Prasad, told the crowd of supporters. According to Prasad, Loeun is the third Cambodian ever to return to the U.S. after facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with an increase in ICE raids and deportations of Southeast Asians, Prasad and other advocates are stepping up their legal advocacy in an effort to reunite Cambodian deportees, like Loeun, with their families. Under the Trump administration, deportation numbers have been the highest in a decade: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf\">Removals to Cambodia\u003c/a> nearly tripled in 2018 and in January of this year alone, ICE deported an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ice-deported-25-cambodian-immigrants-most-whom-arrived-u-s-n1117906\">estimated 25 Cambodian immigrants\u003c/a> — more than 30% of the total number of Cambodians \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2019/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">deported in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizers say these deportations fracture Cambodian families, many of whom still suffer from their experiences under Cambodia’s genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, which they fled in the 1970s. Advocates hope to bring more people like Loeun home by similarly identifying bureaucratic errors made in Cambodian immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Loeun’s case, a spokesperson from U.S. Customs and Border Protection declined to comment on any pending cases as a matter of policy, and said that doing so “should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a majority of the Cambodians deported are legal residents with old felony convictions, many families struggle to understand the complexities of how the immigration and criminal justice systems overlap. That’s where lawyers like Prasad come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It honestly took only two minutes of talking to him to realize that he had American citizenship,” said Prasad, a staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who first met Loeun at the legal clinic in Phnom Penh. He says the error of targeting Loeun for deportation was “clear cut.” But Loeun, like many Cambodian deportees, lacked legal guidance at the time, so it was hardly surprising that no one challenged the government's mistake, said Prasad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether American citizens have been placed into deportation proceedings or detention, ICE spokeswoman Mary G. Houtmann said in a statement that the agency only arrests individuals with “probable cause of alienage and removability from the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann added that the agency investigates immigration status by reviewing electronic and paper records collected by federal, state, local and international agencies, as well as conducting personal interviews. “When the agency receives evidence suggesting that information in its systems is inaccurate, steps are taken to ensure the accuracy of such information,” Houtmann said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann said ICE last updated its policies and procedures for citizenship claims in November 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prasad said, however, that in some cases ICE had wrongly designated a person’s criminal conviction as a deportable offense. “Either some of [the cases] were straight up invalid, or the law wasn’t followed correctly,” Prasad said. Other immigrants, he said, didn’t get legal advice about the immigration consequences of having a conviction on their record at the time they were fighting a criminal charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800316\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800316\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" alt=\"Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S. \u003ccite>( Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about whether criminal convictions could be wrongly classified as deportable, Houtmann said the agency does not make the determination if a person is removable. “That decision rests with immigration courts, which fall under the Department of Justice,” she wrote in a statement. “ICE officers carry out the removal decisions made by the federal immigration judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Family's Resilience Through Genocide and Deportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prasad first visited Cambodia in 2016 to provide legal clinics for deportees. He was part of a delegation that hoped to halt deportations by advocating for an amendment to a repatriation agreement between Cambodia and the U.S. After deportations increased under President Trump, the advocates shifted their tactics and began appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747026/gov-newsom-pardons-two-former-cambodian-refugees-facing-deportation\">governor pardons\u003c/a>. Both Gov. Gavin Newsom and his predecessor, Jerry Brown, have issued pardons of Southeast Asian immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall, Prasad returned to Cambodia and met Loeun and other deportees. Prasad estimates that there are potential legal problems with the deportation orders of nearly a quarter of the people he met there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though each case is different, Prasad said many Cambodian refugees who are forced to leave the U.S. share a similar childhood narrative as Loeun’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s parents survived the Khmer Rouge genocide, which killed over two million Cambodians in the late 1970s. They fled to a refugee camp in Thailand, where Loeun, the eldest of seven siblings, was born in 1984. The family arrived in the U.S. as refugees the following year, and eventually resettled in Fresno. When Loeun was 12, his mother became a naturalized citizen. \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Child-Citizenship-2000-Sections-320-322-INA.html\">Under the Child Citizen Act of 2000\u003c/a>, Loeun automatically became a citizen, too, though no one in the family knew it then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many Cambodian refugees, Loeun’s family lived in a poor neighborhood with high crime, gangs and bullying. “We were the only Cambodian family in our neighborhood,” Loeun said. “Everybody picked on us, called us ‘ching chang chong,’ and they’d break into our house all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Cambodian refugee youths became involved in gangs for a sense of belonging and protection — and those who committed crimes faced an increasingly unforgiving criminal justice system, as immigration and sentencing laws were toughened in the 1990s. In particular, the 1996 acts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/735\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act\u003c/a> (AEDPA) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act\u003c/a> (IIRIRA), greatly expanded the list of offenses considered deportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration judges were struggling to interpret all these new laws and, in general, they were interpreting them in the harshest way possible,” said Prasad. “It took years for the federal court to strike down these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he had served his sentence years before, Loeun again felt the consequences of his drug conviction in 2015, when he was stopped by CBP agents on his return from a family trip to Cambodia. They seized his green card and informed him that he’d likely soon be picked up by ICE. After discussing the predicament with his family, Loeun decided to leave for Cambodia, hoping that he’d be able to work and financially support his boys from abroad. He left the children in the care of their mother and his own parents. His youngest son was just around 5 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s younger sister, Sokhum Lisa Loeun says her family had no resources to help them understand the nuances of immigration law. “No one advocated for him,” she said, her voice cracking. “I’m angry because someone should have told him, ‘Don’t go. You have a chance.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she’s relieved to have her brother finally home, she said it hurts to realize that his five-year absence should never have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Loeun siblings often refer to each other by their birth order and some of them even have tattoos of their numbers in the sibling sequence. Loeun has a No. 1 on his wrist. As the first born, Loeun took a leadership role in the family, helping his parents run their doughnut shop, guiding his nieces and nephews and making key decisions for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his absence, Lisa, the eldest daughter, took on the role of “number one.” “We tried to raise the kids as best as we can but I know that without their dad being here, without them having a father role model, they had it hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s eldest son Kobe, who turns 18 this month and is graduating from high school this spring, says his dad’s absence heightened his anxieties and affected his academic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really be sad because not having my dad around put a lot of stress on me and I wasn’t really doing too good in school,” he said. “I would just be thinking about my dad and I was always scared something would happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cambodia, Loeun also struggled. He said his darkest moments in Cambodia –– moments that included suicidal thoughts — were magnified when he could only watch his family holiday gatherings via Facebook Live. Many deportees there struggle with depression, as well as poor access to medical care and difficulty finding work, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [deportee] community in Cambodia as a whole is struggling. I don't think anyone there who's been deported is OK,” Prasad said. “The solution needs to be a recognition that something has gone terribly wrong here for everyone, not just for the people with U.S. citizenship claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800319\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport. \u003ccite>(Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Loeun feels relieved to be back in the U.S., the return is bittersweet. During his years in Cambodia, he started a new family. Returning to his family in the U.S. meant leaving behind his wife and his beloved 3-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest hope is to bring my daughter here as fast as I can, for her to get here and grow up and know this side of the family,” Loeun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Loeun looks forward to helping his parents with their business, reconnecting with all of his family members and, most importantly, attending Kobe’s high school graduation — an event he thought he would have to watch streamed on his cellphone in Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to be the best father I can be,” Loeun said. “That's my mindset. ... I've always wished for that since I got [to Cambodia], to say, ‘If you guys need anything, I’m just a drive away.’ That’s all I want to be, just a drive away from my family.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A San Francisco resident detained by ICE could be released Wednesday, after a federal court ruled his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border",
"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border",
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"headTitle": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"2018 statement from U.N. human rights experts\"]‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Then-U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions in May 2018\"]‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11677196\" label=\"Filomena's Story\"]“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt\"]‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11711704\" label=\"Yvette's Story\"]He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2017, the Trump administration introduced its 'zero tolerance' policy to separate migrant parents seeking asylum from their children, part of an effort to deter the number of immigrants trying to enter the United States. ",
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"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
"description": "In 2017, the Trump administration introduced its 'zero tolerance' policy to separate migrant parents seeking asylum from their children, part of an effort to deter the number of immigrants trying to enter the United States. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even though a Department of Homeland Security watchdog found numerous problems at GEO Group's Adelanto facility in California, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement recently signed a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioregeoadelanto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new 15-year contract\u003c/a> with the for-profit prison company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did ICE lock in a new 15-year contract with GEO Group, the troubled Adelanto immigration facility will expand by 700 detention beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO reportedly made over $1 billion over the past year in federal contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talk about failing up ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even though a Department of Homeland Security watchdog found numerous problems at GEO Group's Adelanto facility in California, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement recently signed a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioregeoadelanto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new 15-year contract\u003c/a> with the for-profit prison company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did ICE lock in a new 15-year contract with GEO Group, the troubled Adelanto immigration facility will expand by 700 detention beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO reportedly made over $1 billion over the past year in federal contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talk about failing up ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Report from Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\"]'Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"adelanto\"]The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When a government expert in mental health visited one of the largest immigration detention centers in the U.S. in 2017, she knew the conditions that detainees there sometimes face. A past inspection had found that staff often failed to obtain adequate mental health histories, leading to faulty diagnoses and, in some cases, treatment plans that were incorrect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement processing center in Adelanto, California, a similar pattern emerged. One detainee she observed had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. When she asked an officer about him, she was told that the man \"floods his cell, bangs his head.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She searched the man's medical chart for records from his recent stay at an inpatient psychiatric unit, but they appeared to be missing. He had been placed in what the government refers to as \"segregation,\" a term known more commonly as solitary confinement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, the expert found, he was suffering from \"active auditory hallucinations.\" Moreover, they appeared to worsening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to be alone,\" he told the expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainee's case is detailed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously confidential report\u003c/a> on the Adelanto facility obtained by NPR. Despite the report's findings — and repeated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/02/653802676/dhs-watchdog-trump-administration-wasnt-ready-for-family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scathing criticism\u003c/a> of the facility from the federal government's own internal watchdogs — ICE decided at the end of 2019 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renew \u003c/a>and expand a contract to keep the Adelanto facility open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report dates to late 2017, but attorneys and advocates say the problems identified in the report have persisted. ICE declined to respond to specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other detention centers, the Adelanto facility is operated by a for-profit company — in this case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/FacilityDetail/FacilityID/24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the GEO Group\u003c/a>. The U.S. government is GEO's single biggest customer, and the company has made nearly $1 billion in federal contracts over the past 12 months, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usaspending.gov/#/recipient/b5424b33-e5dd-0b6e-cce2-fc25f764206d-P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's business has been threatened by a new California law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely bans\u003c/a> for-profit companies from operating prisons and immigration detention facilities in the state. Findings of inadequate care and treatment of detainees at the Adelanto facility and others were a driving force behind that law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by signing the new 15-year contract before the law could take effect, GEO and the Trump administration effectively circumvented the state of California until 2034. (GEO has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the state in federal court, arguing that the California law is unconstitutional.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys for immigrants say the new contract — which also \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6594495-GEO-Goup-v-Newsom.html#document/p18/a541728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expands \u003c/a>the Adelanto facility by more than 700 detention beds — demonstrates how ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/01/690690056/ice-failed-to-hold-detention-center-contractors-accountable-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fails to hold contractors accountable \u003c/a>for major problems in immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their concerns are echoed in the report obtained by NPR from the Department of Homeland Security's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/office-civil-rights-and-civil-liberties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties\u003c/a>, an internal oversight office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the report's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The facility failed to meet ICE's own standards for using solitary confinement. One detainee, for instance, cumulatively spent nearly 2 1/2 years in solitary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Staff used pepper spray on immigrants held in detention but did not follow best practices when it came time to remove the spray from detainees — in some cases their efforts intensified the painful \"burning effect.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It was \"more likely than not\" that problems with medical care \"contributed to medical injuries, including bone deformities and detainee deaths.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>And government experts were so alarmed that they recommended \"immediately\" transferring \"at-risk\" detainees to another facility to protect their health and safety.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The expert DHS inspectors found that, in several cases, ICE and GEO had been either unwilling or unable to fix problems despite repeated warnings over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's findings provide a window into the types of challenges presented by the Trump administration's push to detain more immigrants who are awaiting asylum hearings or deportation proceedings. Under the president's hard-line immigration policies, the number of immigrants in detention has grown to all-time highs, with private companies like GEO playing a central role in that system. While defenders say the crackdown is needed to help stem what they call a crisis on the southern border, immigration advocates say the growing reliance on detention has stretched an already troubled system to the breaking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'These Reports Never See the Light of Day'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NPR has sought records regarding the facility for more than a year and obtained this report under the Freedom of Information Act. Sources familiar with the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties say such reports almost always remain confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Normally, these reports never see the light of day,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/about/people/nick-schwellenbach/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nick Schwellenbach\u003c/a>, a senior investigator with the nonprofit watchdog group Project on Government Oversight, or POGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September 2019, POGO \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/09/confidential-report-warned-ice-of-inhumane-use-of-solitary-confinement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">released a version\u003c/a> of the report after filing a public records lawsuit. But the government had more heavily redacted critical findings and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of confounding why they withheld some of this information [from us],\" says Schwellenbach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for GEO said the company would \"defer to ICE\" on any response to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori K. Haley, a spokesperson for ICE, also declined to comment on specific findings in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Haley wrote, \"The safety, rights and health of detainees in ICE's care are of paramount concern.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she noted, the agency \"either did not concur or only partially concurred with roughly half their recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haley declined to say which recommendations ICE agreed with and why, or what actions the agency took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers, who regularly visit the facility and represent detainees there, say they have seen little evidence that ICE or GEO has followed through on the recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have reason to believe that many of these reports are being taken as seriously as they should by the facility or by ICE,\" says Pilar Gonzalez of the nonprofit Disability Rights California, which advocates for detainees at the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Jordan, an attorney with the Civil Rights Education and Enforcement Center, says the issues identified in the report have persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE does not demand any sort of accountability from the contractors or force any changes or improvements,\" says Jordan, who is representing current and former Adelanto detainees in a \u003ca href=\"https://creeclaw.org/fraihat-v-immigration-and-customs-enforcement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead, they get rewarded to keep on keeping on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'No Correction Was Made'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Adelanto ICE Processing Center holds nearly 2,000 adult detainees, most of whom have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike prison, immigration detention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not meant as punishment\u003c/a>. The government holds people in detention while deciding their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2017, the authors of the report — three DHS experts in health care, corrections and mental health — traveled to Adelanto, California, to inspect the ICE detention facility after a series of complaints. The names of the experts are redacted in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three experts found major problems, but the most serious findings in the documents obtained by NPR come from the report on health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the medical care at the Adelanto facility is inadequate\" and does not meet federal standards, the report found, citing \"incompetent clinical medical leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties had previously visited the facility in 2015 under the Obama administration and detailed \"negligent\" medical care at that time. But rather than seeing improvements in 2017, the experts found that medical care had gotten worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No correction was made,\" the report states, noting that the number of complaints around detainee medical care had actually increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical expert cites multiple examples of poor medical care, including long delays in appointments for broken bones and a failure to provide needed antibiotics and other medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least one case, a detainee's death was \"likely related\" to failures by the facility's medical staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the expert recommended a drastic measure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At-risk detainees must be immediately removed from the facility (transferred to another facility with a well-functioning medical program).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the problems at the facility, the expert defined \"at-risk\" as any detainee with a chronic medical problem like diabetes, as well as any detainee over 55 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that there's no indication that ICE or GEO actually followed this recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to say whether it made changes to its medical staff in the wake of the report or transferred detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Allegations of 'Verbal Harassment' and 'Retaliation'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The allegations against the Adelanto facility went beyond medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Detainees suffer retaliation, verbal harassment and [are] treated with disrespect,\" the report found. Leadership \"must hold facility staff accountable for substantiated abusive and disrespectful treatment of the detainees,\" the report went on, noting that this problem had not been addressed after previous inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another instance, detainees alleged even harsher measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, a group of asylum-seekers from Central America went on hunger strike to protest conditions at the facility. When the group locked arms and refused to move, staff used pepper spray and physically removed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The corrections expert found that the use of pepper spray was \"appropriate given the circumstances.\" But the expert saw a significant problem with the staff's subsequent actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mace.com/blogs/pepper-spray-tips/how-to-get-pepper-spray-out-of-your-eyes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold water\u003c/a> is recommended to safely decontaminate pepper spray. But, the corrections expert found, \"The facility does not have any access to cold water. The facility only provides a mix of cold and hot water through a shower head.\" The expert warned that \"warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the group of hunger strikers was placed in showers, they described \"writhing\" in pain as the water reactivated the spray. One detainee, Marvin Josue Grande Rodriguez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p315/a543317\">said\u003c/a> that he fainted in the shower, because \"the gas and the heat of the water ... It was far too much for me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says the use of a hot shower was a \"significant issue\" and concluded that the facility \"must provide access to a cold-water shower\" in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a lawsuit filed by the group of hunger strikers, lawyers for GEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584122-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-1.html#document/p32/a541096\">said \u003c/a>that water \"does reactivate the tingling sensation\" from pepper spray but that it was \"necessary to remove the spray\" and was not intended to cause pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because ICE and GEO declined to answer specific questions, it's unclear if they followed the recommendation on cold-water showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for detainees told NPR that they were unsure whether any changes had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is clear that the facility staff continue to use pepper spray. ICE statistics show that pepper spray has been used more than 25 times since the 2017 inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An 'Inhumane' Use of Solitary Confinement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Additionally, the government's experts found that the Adelanto facility was failing to meet federal standards for solitary confinement — known in ICE's bureaucratic language as \"segregation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the report found that GEO Group staff had \"no current strategy\" when it came to long-term use of solitary confinement and that people were suffering as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, inspectors found, a detainee was held in a \"Special Management Unit,\" or SMU, for 426 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No detainee should be held in the SMU for this amount of time,\" the report states. \"Isolation alone can create physical safety concerns and can result in mental decompensation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expert inspectors were especially critical of the use of solitary confinement for immigrants with serious mental disorders. They found that about a third of the detainees held in solitary had a \"serious mental illness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of multiple stays, one detainee logged 904 days — or nearly 2 1/2 years — in solitary confinement, which the report calls \"shockingly high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts found that some detainees with serious mental illness were put in solitary confinement simply because it was the only available space where they could be closely watched. The report called that practice \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p32/a542928\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inhumane\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If strategies are not developed,\" the report warned, \"the mental health and other long-term detainee cases will continue to decompensate, and the population of the SMU will continue to grow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to NPR, an ICE spokesperson wrote that the agency \"is compliant\" with agency standards on the use of solitary confinement, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/detention-reform/pdf/segregation_directive.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directive \u003c/a>from 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, critics of ICE say that is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have these experts ... essentially screaming from the rooftops, 'You need to fix this problem!' \" says Schwellenbach of POGO, which has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pogo.org/investigation/2019/08/isolated-ice-confines-some-detainees-with-mental-illness-in-solitary-for-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigated \u003c/a>the use of solitary confinement in ICE detention. \"There's solutions that they're actually putting forward, but they're being ignored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Oversight of Immigration Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state of California has repeatedly clashed with the Trump administration over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of California Sen. Kamala Harris, a former Democratic presidential candidate and former state attorney general, reviewed the documents obtained by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unconscionable to subject detained persons to inhumane conditions,\" Harris's office said in a statement, \"including issues arising from insufficient medical care as well as prolonged isolation and detention at immigrant detention facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticism of conditions at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center by Harris and others was one factor that led to the recent California \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-prisons/california-bans-private-prisons-and-immigration-detention-centers-idUSKBN1WQ2Q9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law\u003c/a>, largely banning the use of private contractors in prison and immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"State laws aimed at obstructing federal law enforcement are inappropriate and harmful,\" ICE's Haley wrote to NPR. \"Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their lawsuit against the state, GEO argues that the law is a \"transparent attempt by the State to shut down the Federal Government's detention efforts within California's borders\" and \"a direct assault on the supremacy of federal law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Democratic Assemblyman Rob Bonta, who championed the law, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RobBontaCA/status/1212030778525138945\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the lawsuit was, \"Exactly what you'd expect fr[om] a collapsing industry in its final death throes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full internal report \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Despite+Findings+Of+%27Negligent%27+Care%2C+ICE+To+Expand+Troubled+Calif.+Detention+Center&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Defender’s Office is requesting an immediate hearing to have a transgender woman, who was transferred out of California on Christmas Day, released or returned to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicdefender.org/news/2020/01/sf-public-defenders-file-restraining-order-against-ice-for-christmas-night-transfer-of-transgender-detainee-to-texas-isolation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">filed a motion\u003c/a> on Friday for a temporary restraining order against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Yuba County Sheriff’s Office on behalf of their client, 41-year old Lexis Avilez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants have until noon on Jan. 7 to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 14 months, Avilez has been held at the Yuba County Detention Center while lawyers worked on getting her a bond hearing, according to court documents filed on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office, on Christmas 2019, officials at Yuba led Avilez to believe she was being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was extremely happy,” said Deputy Public Defender Hector Vega, who represents Avilez. “She called it a ‘Christmas miracle’ and called her family to tell them she was going to be released and be home soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega said later that night, after she was transferred to the ICE processing facility in Sacramento, officials told her she was, instead, being transferred to the Prairieland Detention Center in Alvarado, Texas, nearly 2,000 miles away from her family and legal counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I received no notice of the transfer until it happened,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Vega finally got in touch with ICE officials, they explained that they moved Avilez to the Texas facility because it was better suited to her needs.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Lexis Avilez']‘I think this has been so cruel to me. ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega’s concerned that’s not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that she’s in the new detention center, I’ve been in talks with the new medical staff who have also not provided the hormonal treatment, and have given me no assurances that Ms. Avilez will receive the medication she needs,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office also stated in a press release that Avilez is being detained in “segregated confinement, forced to wear male clothes, and denied the ability to call her lawyer at no cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been so cruel to me,” said Avilez in a statement. “ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avilez has lived in California for the past 40 years after being brought to the United States as a baby. After struggling with her identity for years, she began to identify as female after being taken into ICE custody in 2018. Federal officials are seeking to deport her due to a past felony assault charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2019, during her time at Yuba, Avilez was diagnosed with gender dysphoria. At that time, Avilez’s lawyers began communication with ICE and Yuba officials regarding her healthcare, but she still did not receive necessary medication while there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said they had no comment regarding the case. The Yuba County Sheriff’s Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Defender’s Office is requesting an immediate hearing to have a transgender woman, who was transferred out of California on Christmas Day, released or returned to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicdefender.org/news/2020/01/sf-public-defenders-file-restraining-order-against-ice-for-christmas-night-transfer-of-transgender-detainee-to-texas-isolation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">filed a motion\u003c/a> on Friday for a temporary restraining order against Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Yuba County Sheriff’s Office on behalf of their client, 41-year old Lexis Avilez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants have until noon on Jan. 7 to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly 14 months, Avilez has been held at the Yuba County Detention Center while lawyers worked on getting her a bond hearing, according to court documents filed on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office, on Christmas 2019, officials at Yuba led Avilez to believe she was being released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was extremely happy,” said Deputy Public Defender Hector Vega, who represents Avilez. “She called it a ‘Christmas miracle’ and called her family to tell them she was going to be released and be home soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega said later that night, after she was transferred to the ICE processing facility in Sacramento, officials told her she was, instead, being transferred to the Prairieland Detention Center in Alvarado, Texas, nearly 2,000 miles away from her family and legal counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I received no notice of the transfer until it happened,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Vega finally got in touch with ICE officials, they explained that they moved Avilez to the Texas facility because it was better suited to her needs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vega’s concerned that’s not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that she’s in the new detention center, I’ve been in talks with the new medical staff who have also not provided the hormonal treatment, and have given me no assurances that Ms. Avilez will receive the medication she needs,” said Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public defender’s office also stated in a press release that Avilez is being detained in “segregated confinement, forced to wear male clothes, and denied the ability to call her lawyer at no cost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been so cruel to me,” said Avilez in a statement. “ICE and the other officers know how difficult the last 14 months have been for me and yet have had no compassion for the way they detain me and move me around like I mean nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avilez has lived in California for the past 40 years after being brought to the United States as a baby. After struggling with her identity for years, she began to identify as female after being taken into ICE custody in 2018. Federal officials are seeking to deport her due to a past felony assault charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2019, during her time at Yuba, Avilez was diagnosed with gender dysphoria. At that time, Avilez’s lawyers began communication with ICE and Yuba officials regarding her healthcare, but she still did not receive necessary medication while there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said they had no comment regarding the case. The Yuba County Sheriff’s Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For-profit prison company \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioregeogroup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GEO Group Inc. sued California\u003c/a> over the state's new ban on private detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 32\u003c/a>, which went into effect Jan. 1, phases out for-profit immigration detention centers and prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boca Raton-based GEO Group was singled out in a 2018 U.S. Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696870/scathing-report-on-california-immigration-jail-comes-amid-growing-calls-to-improve-conditions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">inspector general report\u003c/a> for serious violations at the company's Adelanto facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792302/ice-poised-to-sign-new-for-profit-detention-contracts-before-californias-ban-begins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently inked\u003c/a> several 15-year contracts with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement worth billions of dollars, locking in revenue before the new law took effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the height of the crisis, tens of thousands of migrant families crossed into the U.S. and were held in cramped, overcrowded conditions. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/70685d23da774abea1a78561757e4dfd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A flu outbreak in May\u003c/a> sickened more than 30 migrants. A 16-year-old boy died from the illness, and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7f6b350a313d6071634c33684fcd3eb9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">video later obtained by ProPublica\u003c/a> showed the teen collapsed on the floor for hours, alone, before he died. The video threw into question Border Patrol’s version of the teen’s death. An investigation is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b923da1cb2254ad59846a033dd670be7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Over the budget year that ended Sept. 30\u003c/a>, there were 859,510 apprehensions by Border Patrol, plus an additional 110,000 encounters of people who tried to enter legally but were deemed inadmissible. There were nearly 1 million crossings from the early 2000s, but those were mostly single men from Mexico who were easily returned, not families from Central America who require much more care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials were involved in more than 20,000 hospital visits this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security worked with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on creating and implementing recommendations. The department set a goal of formalizing the policies by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to look at new ways to improve care for those in our temporary custody,” a CBP spokesman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e8f6a91850434b0e8c15124324bae2c8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crossings have declined steeply since a peak in May\u003c/a>, due in part to a policy that has forced more than 50,000 asylum-seekers back over the border to wait out their claims in Mexico, where dozens have been sickened and subjected to violence in some parts. And agreements with Central American nations are leading to migrants being sent back to Guatemala and eventually Honduras and El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the nation’s largest private prison companies is suing to block a new state law that aims to phase out for-profit immigration detention centers and prisons in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group Inc. argues that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 32\u003c/a>, which went into effect Jan. 1, interferes with federal government operations including immigration enforcement. The company maintains that, as a federal contractor, it has immunity from from state control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unlawful effect of AB 32 is to undermine and eliminate the congressionally funded and approved enforcement of federal criminal and immigration laws,” according to the complaint, filed on Monday in federal court in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Florida-based corporation estimates it will lose $250 million per year in revenue if it’s forced to close its seven facilities in the state as their contracts expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='geo-group,detention' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Alameda), who authored the bill, said California will prevail because states have the authority to regulate industries within its borders. He pointed to longstanding reports, including by\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696870/scathing-report-on-california-immigration-jail-comes-amid-growing-calls-to-improve-conditions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> government watchdogs\u003c/a>, about substandard conditions, abuses and deaths at privately-run facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put my money on California here. We have a constitution on our side,” said Bonta. “States clearly have the ability and the right to stand up for and defend and protect their people and ensure their health, safety and welfare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson with GEO Group defended the company’s operations, saying its facilities “comply with performance-based standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a service provider to the government, our only mission is to deliver top-rated services to those entrusted to our care as they go through their immigration proceedings,” said the GEO Group spokesperson in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenge comes just days after U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) entered into multibillion-dollar \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792302/ice-poised-to-sign-new-for-profit-detention-contracts-before-californias-ban-begins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contracts\u003c/a> with GEO Group and two other private prison companies to keep running detention centers for as long as 15 years, with a combined total of 5,200 beds in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group currently operates two immigration detention centers in Adelanto (San Bernardino county) and Bakersfield. Under the new agreement with ICE, the company plans to add an additional 2,150 beds by using three other California prisons it owns in the Central Valley town of MacFarland and another in Adelanto, according to a company \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='State Assemblyman Rob Bonta']‘States clearly have the ability and the right to stand up for and defend and protect their people and ensure their health, safety and welfare.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates lambasted the deals, signed just days before the new law went into effect, as an attempt to circumvent AB 32. Both California U.S. Senators and 19 other democratic members of Congress also raised their \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/11.14.19%20Bicameral%20Letter%20on%20ICE%20Procurement%20of%20CA%20Detention%20Centers%20FINAL%5b2%5d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">own concerns\u003c/a> that ICE “streamlined” its solicitation process and gave unfair advantage to the companies already running immigration facilities in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group’s lawsuit, which names Gov. Gavin Newsom and State Attorney General Xavier Becerra as defendants, petitions the court to declare AB 32 as unconstitutional and to stop the state from enforcing it against the company. In addition, GEO Group seeks court validation of its immigration detention and prison contracts with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office did not comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicky Waters, a spokeswoman in Gov. Newsom’s office, said they will review the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As our office has previously stated, for-profit prisons, including ICE-contracted facilities, run contrary to our values and have no place in California,” said Waters. “Governor Newsom signed AB 32 earlier this year to phase them out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With AB 32, California becomes the first state in the nation to ban both privately-run prisons and immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law prohibits companies from operating immigration detention facilities after their current contracts with ICE expire. AB 32 also bars the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from entering into or renewing contracts with private corporations to run prisons, with some exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the nation’s largest private prison companies is suing to block a new state law that aims to phase out for-profit immigration detention centers and prisons in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group Inc. argues that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 32\u003c/a>, which went into effect Jan. 1, interferes with federal government operations including immigration enforcement. The company maintains that, as a federal contractor, it has immunity from from state control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unlawful effect of AB 32 is to undermine and eliminate the congressionally funded and approved enforcement of federal criminal and immigration laws,” according to the complaint, filed on Monday in federal court in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Florida-based corporation estimates it will lose $250 million per year in revenue if it’s forced to close its seven facilities in the state as their contracts expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblyman Rob Bonta (D-Alameda), who authored the bill, said California will prevail because states have the authority to regulate industries within its borders. He pointed to longstanding reports, including by\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696870/scathing-report-on-california-immigration-jail-comes-amid-growing-calls-to-improve-conditions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> government watchdogs\u003c/a>, about substandard conditions, abuses and deaths at privately-run facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put my money on California here. We have a constitution on our side,” said Bonta. “States clearly have the ability and the right to stand up for and defend and protect their people and ensure their health, safety and welfare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson with GEO Group defended the company’s operations, saying its facilities “comply with performance-based standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a service provider to the government, our only mission is to deliver top-rated services to those entrusted to our care as they go through their immigration proceedings,” said the GEO Group spokesperson in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenge comes just days after U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) entered into multibillion-dollar \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792302/ice-poised-to-sign-new-for-profit-detention-contracts-before-californias-ban-begins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contracts\u003c/a> with GEO Group and two other private prison companies to keep running detention centers for as long as 15 years, with a combined total of 5,200 beds in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group currently operates two immigration detention centers in Adelanto (San Bernardino county) and Bakersfield. Under the new agreement with ICE, the company plans to add an additional 2,150 beds by using three other California prisons it owns in the Central Valley town of MacFarland and another in Adelanto, according to a company \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘States clearly have the ability and the right to stand up for and defend and protect their people and ensure their health, safety and welfare.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates lambasted the deals, signed just days before the new law went into effect, as an attempt to circumvent AB 32. Both California U.S. Senators and 19 other democratic members of Congress also raised their \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/11.14.19%20Bicameral%20Letter%20on%20ICE%20Procurement%20of%20CA%20Detention%20Centers%20FINAL%5b2%5d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">own concerns\u003c/a> that ICE “streamlined” its solicitation process and gave unfair advantage to the companies already running immigration facilities in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group’s lawsuit, which names Gov. Gavin Newsom and State Attorney General Xavier Becerra as defendants, petitions the court to declare AB 32 as unconstitutional and to stop the state from enforcing it against the company. In addition, GEO Group seeks court validation of its immigration detention and prison contracts with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office did not comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicky Waters, a spokeswoman in Gov. Newsom’s office, said they will review the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As our office has previously stated, for-profit prisons, including ICE-contracted facilities, run contrary to our values and have no place in California,” said Waters. “Governor Newsom signed AB 32 earlier this year to phase them out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With AB 32, California becomes the first state in the nation to ban both privately-run prisons and immigration detention centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law prohibits companies from operating immigration detention facilities after their current contracts with ICE expire. AB 32 also bars the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from entering into or renewing contracts with private corporations to run prisons, with some exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California elected officials and immigration advocates are denouncing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11789044/cost-of-citizenship-would-rise-60-under-trump-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a Trump administration proposal\u003c/a> that would hike the application fees to become a U.S. citizen by 83%, while also eliminating many fee waivers that low-income immigrants rely on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=USCIS-2019-0010-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed rule\u003c/a> by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, the total cost of renewing Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals would increase from $495 to $765, while naturalization application fees would rise from $640 to $1,170.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/archive/archive-news/uscis-announces-final-rule-adjusting-immigration-benefit-application-and-petition-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last price hike\u003c/a> in 2016, under the Obama administration, the naturalization fee increased by $45.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Citizenship and the ability to obtain the immigration status for which you are eligible should not depend on the size of your bank account,” Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti and other mayors \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/8nTiCrkYKnfA6jzrSLljXj?domain=communicationsshop.us18.list-manage.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> in a Dec. 18 letter to the agency urging the agency to withdraw the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current proposal, USCIS would no longer offer fee waivers for people applying for naturalization, work employment authorization, permanent residency and other benefits. The agency would also get rid of the discounted rate for people petitioning to become U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unprecedented move, USCIS would also charge some asylum-seekers $50 to request the protections, and $490 to apply for a first-time work permit while their cases are pending. The only three other countries that charge asylum-seekers a fee to consider their applications are Iran, Fiji and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"USCIS spokesperson\"]‘This proposed adjustment in fees ensures more applicants cover the true cost of their applications and minimizes subsidies from an already over-extended system.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS said the changes were necessary to recover full operating costs. The agency estimates current fees would leave it underfunded by $1.3 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike most federal agencies that are funded through taxpayer money, USCIS relies on immigrant application fees to pay for most of its operations and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposed adjustment in fees ensures more applicants cover the true cost of their applications and minimizes subsidies from an already over-extended system,” a USCIS spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, USCIS offers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/feewaiver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">waive the citizenship application fee\u003c/a> for extremely low-income immigrants. In 2016, the agency began cutting the naturalization fee in half for immigrants with slightly higher incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782917/fee-waivers-for-citizenship-applications-harder-to-get-under-new-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate rule\u003c/a> in October that made it harder for low-income immigrants to qualify for fee waivers. This would have prevented about 200,000 people in California from becoming citizens, critics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 13, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/10/politics/federal-court-halts-changes-fee-waiver-for-naturalization/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blocked\u003c/a> the administration from continuing to implement the changes, which stopped allowing immigrants to use means-tested benefits like Medi-Cal as a way to qualify for the fee waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say the proposed rule is another attempt by the Trump administration to restrict legal immigration, with potentially lasting consequences for future U.S. elections since naturalization enables immigrants to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Catherine Seitz, legal director at the Immigration Institute of the Bay Area\"]‘I think it’ll make it so that so many people won’t be able to apply for naturalization, they’ll have to put it off because they have to pay their rent first or feed their family first.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact could be huge in California, which has more than\u003ca href=\"http://data.cmsny.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 2 million adults\u003c/a> eligible to naturalize — about a quarter of the total population nationwide eligible to become citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed fee hikes combined with further restrictions to fee exemptions would negatively impact most of the people served by the \u003ca href=\"https://iibayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigration Institute of the Bay Area\u003c/a>, said Catherine Seitz, the. nonprofit’s legal director. The group helped more than 1,800 immigrants naturalize over the last year through citizenship workshops and legal aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people won’t be able to apply for naturalization. They’ll have to put it off because they have to pay their rent first or feed their family first,” said Seitz. “It’s “frustrating they are going to raise fees at a time when they are just not providing the services that they should be providing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big complaint is the growing wait times for all kinds of immigration applications nationwide. Applicants for naturalization must now wait an average of \u003ca href=\"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/historic-pt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 months\u003c/a> for USCIS to process their petitions, compared to six months in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has hired additional staff and expanded its facilities to keep up with an “extraordinary demand” for services, said USCIS spokeswoman Jessica Collins. In 2019, the agency naturalized about \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/resources-congress/testimonies-and-speeches/hearing-unprecedented-migration-us-southern-borderthe-year-review-senate-committee-homeland-security-and-government-affairs-november-13-2019-acting-director-kenneth-cuccinelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">833,000 new citizens\u003c/a>, the most in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in recent years, the agency has also increased security screenings and other bureaucratic hurdles for applicants, said Diego Iniguez-Lopez, policy and campaigns manager for the \u003ca href=\"https://partnershipfornewamericans.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Partnership for New Americans\u003c/a>, which opposes the proposed rule. Those changes — such as increasing the length of the naturalization form to 20 pages — have added work for agency staffers and contributed to a backlog of more than 700,000 naturalization applications, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of these policies are slowing down the process for USCIS to do its mission, which is adjudicate immigration applications,” said Iniguez-Lopez. Now, they’re trying to put the new expenditures “on the backs of low-income immigrants, which we think is fundamentally unfair and getting away from what USCIS should be doing.”[aside tag=\"citizenship\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who become U.S. citizens are more likely to have higher incomes and own their homes, compared to immigrants who don’t get citizenship, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660853/immigrants-seek-stability-of-u-s-citizenship-but-cost-is-often-a-barrier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public comment period on USCIS’s proposal ended Dec. 30. Advocates don’t expect a final rule until April or May because the federal government must review more than 29,000 comments submitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz believes any changes would not significantly impact the next presidential election because of its timing and the extended processing times for naturalization applications. But she said the Trump administration’s proposal could reduce the number of naturalized voters in future elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter from California mayors to the agency isn’t the only time elected officials have spoken out against the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, a group of nearly 50 mayors and several members of Congress from California and other states \u003ca href=\"https://meng.house.gov/sites/meng.house.gov/files/Letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urged\u003c/a> USCIS to withdraw its proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Senator Kamala Harris and five other democratic senators also raised their own concerns in December about some of the proposal’s provisions, such as the transfer of more than $112 million from USCIS fees to Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. immigration law, funds from USCIS fees are exclusively for processing immigration applications and naturalization services, not immigration enforcement, the senators wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Comment%20Letter%20re%20USCIS%20Fee%20Rule%20FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> rebuking the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California elected officials and immigration advocates are denouncing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11789044/cost-of-citizenship-would-rise-60-under-trump-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a Trump administration proposal\u003c/a> that would hike the application fees to become a U.S. citizen by 83%, while also eliminating many fee waivers that low-income immigrants rely on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=USCIS-2019-0010-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed rule\u003c/a> by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, the total cost of renewing Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals would increase from $495 to $765, while naturalization application fees would rise from $640 to $1,170.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/archive/archive-news/uscis-announces-final-rule-adjusting-immigration-benefit-application-and-petition-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">last price hike\u003c/a> in 2016, under the Obama administration, the naturalization fee increased by $45.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Citizenship and the ability to obtain the immigration status for which you are eligible should not depend on the size of your bank account,” Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti and other mayors \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/8nTiCrkYKnfA6jzrSLljXj?domain=communicationsshop.us18.list-manage.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> in a Dec. 18 letter to the agency urging the agency to withdraw the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the current proposal, USCIS would no longer offer fee waivers for people applying for naturalization, work employment authorization, permanent residency and other benefits. The agency would also get rid of the discounted rate for people petitioning to become U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unprecedented move, USCIS would also charge some asylum-seekers $50 to request the protections, and $490 to apply for a first-time work permit while their cases are pending. The only three other countries that charge asylum-seekers a fee to consider their applications are Iran, Fiji and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS said the changes were necessary to recover full operating costs. The agency estimates current fees would leave it underfunded by $1.3 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike most federal agencies that are funded through taxpayer money, USCIS relies on immigrant application fees to pay for most of its operations and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposed adjustment in fees ensures more applicants cover the true cost of their applications and minimizes subsidies from an already over-extended system,” a USCIS spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, USCIS offers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/feewaiver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">waive the citizenship application fee\u003c/a> for extremely low-income immigrants. In 2016, the agency began cutting the naturalization fee in half for immigrants with slightly higher incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782917/fee-waivers-for-citizenship-applications-harder-to-get-under-new-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate rule\u003c/a> in October that made it harder for low-income immigrants to qualify for fee waivers. This would have prevented about 200,000 people in California from becoming citizens, critics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 13, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/10/politics/federal-court-halts-changes-fee-waiver-for-naturalization/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blocked\u003c/a> the administration from continuing to implement the changes, which stopped allowing immigrants to use means-tested benefits like Medi-Cal as a way to qualify for the fee waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say the proposed rule is another attempt by the Trump administration to restrict legal immigration, with potentially lasting consequences for future U.S. elections since naturalization enables immigrants to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact could be huge in California, which has more than\u003ca href=\"http://data.cmsny.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 2 million adults\u003c/a> eligible to naturalize — about a quarter of the total population nationwide eligible to become citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed fee hikes combined with further restrictions to fee exemptions would negatively impact most of the people served by the \u003ca href=\"https://iibayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigration Institute of the Bay Area\u003c/a>, said Catherine Seitz, the. nonprofit’s legal director. The group helped more than 1,800 immigrants naturalize over the last year through citizenship workshops and legal aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people won’t be able to apply for naturalization. They’ll have to put it off because they have to pay their rent first or feed their family first,” said Seitz. “It’s “frustrating they are going to raise fees at a time when they are just not providing the services that they should be providing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big complaint is the growing wait times for all kinds of immigration applications nationwide. Applicants for naturalization must now wait an average of \u003ca href=\"https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/historic-pt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 months\u003c/a> for USCIS to process their petitions, compared to six months in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has hired additional staff and expanded its facilities to keep up with an “extraordinary demand” for services, said USCIS spokeswoman Jessica Collins. In 2019, the agency naturalized about \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/resources-congress/testimonies-and-speeches/hearing-unprecedented-migration-us-southern-borderthe-year-review-senate-committee-homeland-security-and-government-affairs-november-13-2019-acting-director-kenneth-cuccinelli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">833,000 new citizens\u003c/a>, the most in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in recent years, the agency has also increased security screenings and other bureaucratic hurdles for applicants, said Diego Iniguez-Lopez, policy and campaigns manager for the \u003ca href=\"https://partnershipfornewamericans.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Partnership for New Americans\u003c/a>, which opposes the proposed rule. Those changes — such as increasing the length of the naturalization form to 20 pages — have added work for agency staffers and contributed to a backlog of more than 700,000 naturalization applications, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of these policies are slowing down the process for USCIS to do its mission, which is adjudicate immigration applications,” said Iniguez-Lopez. Now, they’re trying to put the new expenditures “on the backs of low-income immigrants, which we think is fundamentally unfair and getting away from what USCIS should be doing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who become U.S. citizens are more likely to have higher incomes and own their homes, compared to immigrants who don’t get citizenship, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660853/immigrants-seek-stability-of-u-s-citizenship-but-cost-is-often-a-barrier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public comment period on USCIS’s proposal ended Dec. 30. Advocates don’t expect a final rule until April or May because the federal government must review more than 29,000 comments submitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz believes any changes would not significantly impact the next presidential election because of its timing and the extended processing times for naturalization applications. But she said the Trump administration’s proposal could reduce the number of naturalized voters in future elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter from California mayors to the agency isn’t the only time elected officials have spoken out against the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, a group of nearly 50 mayors and several members of Congress from California and other states \u003ca href=\"https://meng.house.gov/sites/meng.house.gov/files/Letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urged\u003c/a> USCIS to withdraw its proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Senator Kamala Harris and five other democratic senators also raised their own concerns in December about some of the proposal’s provisions, such as the transfer of more than $112 million from USCIS fees to Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. immigration law, funds from USCIS fees are exclusively for processing immigration applications and naturalization services, not immigration enforcement, the senators wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Comment%20Letter%20re%20USCIS%20Fee%20Rule%20FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> rebuking the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration advocates say U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreicecontracts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> rushing to lock in long-term contracts\u003c/a> with for-profit prison companies before a state law banning for-profit immigration facilities goes into effect Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the look of things, ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2019/12/20/ice-signs-long-term-contracts-private-detention-centers-two-weeks-ahead-state-law/2713910001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">took care of its last-minute contract shopping\u003c/a> with plenty of time to spare. Multiple contracts worth billions of dollars were awarded Friday with terms ranging from five to fifteen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently those immigration advocates were right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration advocates say U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreicecontracts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> rushing to lock in long-term contracts\u003c/a> with for-profit prison companies before a state law banning for-profit immigration facilities goes into effect Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the look of things, ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2019/12/20/ice-signs-long-term-contracts-private-detention-centers-two-weeks-ahead-state-law/2713910001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">took care of its last-minute contract shopping\u003c/a> with plenty of time to spare. Multiple contracts worth billions of dollars were awarded Friday with terms ranging from five to fifteen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently those immigration advocates were right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "ICE Signs New For-Profit Detention Contracts Days Before California's Ban Begins",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Monday, Dec. 23\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has signed new long-term contracts with three private prison companies to operate — and expand — immigration detention in California. The deals, which were published on a federal procurement website late Friday evening, come just days before a new state law takes effect, outlawing for-profit prisons and immigration detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/fpdsportal?s=FPDS.GOV&templateName=1.5.1&indexName=awardfull&q=70CDCR20R00000002\">contracts\u003c/a> total $6.5 billion and extend for as long as 15 years, much longer than typical immigration detention agreements. The three companies currently run four California detention centers for ICE, with a combined total of roughly 5,200 beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full text of the new contracts was not publicly accessible, but here’s what we know. ICE entered into deals for “security guards and patrol services” as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$679 million with Management & Training Corp., for a facility in Calexico, where the company currently operates the Imperial Regional Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with Core Civic, Inc., for a facility in San Diego, where the company currently operates the Otay Mesa Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Adelanto (San Bernardino County), where the company currently operates the Adelanto ICE Processing Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.6 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Bakersfield, where the company currently operates the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In addition, GEO Group’s contracts incorporate the use of three other California prisons it owns, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\">press release\u003c/a> the company issued Monday announcing its contracts. Those facilities — two in the Central Valley town of McFarland and another in Adelanto — will add an additional 2,150 beds “as facility annexes,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pleased to have been able to build on our long-standing partnership with ICE to help the agency meet its need for processing center beds in California, which comply with the Federal government’s performance-based national detention standards,” said George C. Zoley, GEO’s chairman and CEO, according to the press statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it expects the contracts to generate more than $200 million a year in revenue and support more than 1,200 jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the contracts come just days before a new state law takes effect, aimed at phasing out for-profit prisons and detention centers, federal authorities could enter into multi-million dollar contracts with private companies to continue jailing thousands of immigrants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California law, AB 32, is set to take effect Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California immigrant advocates said ICE is violating the spirit of that law and called on state officials to take action to block the deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These multi-billion dollar contracts represent the corrupt and illicit partnership between ICE, a rogue agency that feels it is above the law, and private corporations with a business model centered on locking up immigrants and people of color,” said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates. “They have no place in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office declined to comment on whether the attorney general was considering taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate critique, California’s two U.S. senators and 19 Democratic members of Congress raised their own concerns about ICE’s process to enter into detention contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Nov. 14 \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/news/press-releases/harris-lofgren-nadler-lead-letter-questioning-ices-move-to-circumvent-ca-law-banning-private-detention-facilities-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to ICE, they wrote that the agency’s Oct. 16 “streamlined” solicitation and 15-year contract term could violate federal procurement laws, which are designed to protect taxpayer dollars by promoting competition among potential vendors, except under narrowly defined circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has a history of consistently relying on the exceptions to full and open competition, raising concerns as to whether such contracts have been awarded in a proper manner,” wrote the lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about its latest solicitation for detention services in California, ICE spokeswoman Paige Hughes said the agency had followed the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE “remains compliant with federal contract and acquisition regulations as we advertise opportunity notices and subsequently implement the decision process,” said Hughes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"immigration-detention\"]The lawmakers also requested that, within 30 days, ICE provide them with documents related to the solicitation and any communications on AB 32, including messages between federal officials and the companies running ICE detention centers in California: GEO Group Inc; CoreCivic and Management & Training Corporation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this week, U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA) and Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-San Jose) had not yet received such information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Senator Harris will continue to monitor developments and determine potential next steps involving oversight work in the state,” said Meaghan Lynch, a spokeswoman for Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 32 bars for-profit companies from operating immigration detention facilities after their current contracts with ICE expire. The law also prohibits the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from entering or renewing contracts with private corporations to run prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three for-profit immigration detention centers impacted by AB 32 — Adelanto, in the San Bernardino County town of Adelanto; Imperial Regional, in Calexico; and Mesa Verde, in Bakersfield — have contracts with ICE that end in 2020. The contract of a fourth facility, Otay Mesa, near San Diego, expires in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group and MTC did not immediately return requests for comment. A spokeswoman for CoreCivic said questions about contracts should be directed to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local communities in California, such as Adelanto, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11440627/could-congress-and-california-thwart-trumps-mass-immigration-detention-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">long depended\u003c/a> on the tax revenue and hundreds of jobs generated by detention facilities. State lawmakers whose districts include the Adelanto ICE Processing Center and the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility did not return requests for comment about the new state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1200x809.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his ‘segregation cell’ back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As in previous statements by ICE officials, Hughes warned that AB 32 would likely result in the agency detaining California-based immigrants in other states, further away from their families and loved ones, and questioned the intent of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that a state law can bind the hands of a federal law enforcement agency managing a national network of detention facilities is wrong,” said Hughes. “Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jackie Gonzalez, co-founder of Immigrant Defense Advocates, said the law’s restriction on immigration detention could lead ICE to exercise its discretion and release more immigrants, such as those without criminal records, to await their court hearings at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-criminals accounted for the majority of ICE detentions between 2015 and 2018, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-36?utm_source=onepager&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email_hsj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rev. Deborah Lee, director of the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity\"]‘The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering.’[/pullquote]Gonzalez, who was involved in crafting AB 32, said the new law does not regulate ICE, and the federal government could still take over private detention facilities in the state and run them itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It bans all for-profit detention in the state of California in part because of the inhumane and dangerous conditions which permeate those facilities,” said Gonzalez. “The state has the right to regulate an industry particularly when it does so to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between Oct. 2015 and June 2018, ICE inspectors found thousands of violations of the agency’s own detention standards at facilities throughout the country, including those run by private companies, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-02/OIG-19-18-Jan19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> earlier this year by the Office of the Inspector General at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of holding facilities accountable through financial penalties, ICE issued waivers to facilities with deficient conditions, seeking to exempt them from having to comply with certain detention standards,” reads the OIG report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, faith leaders, legal service providers and former immigration detainees with the Dignity Not Detention coalition held candles and signs before ICE’s offices in San Francisco, calling for Gov. Newsom and Attorney General Becerra to defend AB 32.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering,” said Rev. Deborah Lee, who directs the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:30 p.m. Monday, Dec. 23\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has signed new long-term contracts with three private prison companies to operate — and expand — immigration detention in California. The deals, which were published on a federal procurement website late Friday evening, come just days before a new state law takes effect, outlawing for-profit prisons and immigration detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/fpdsportal?s=FPDS.GOV&templateName=1.5.1&indexName=awardfull&q=70CDCR20R00000002\">contracts\u003c/a> total $6.5 billion and extend for as long as 15 years, much longer than typical immigration detention agreements. The three companies currently run four California detention centers for ICE, with a combined total of roughly 5,200 beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full text of the new contracts was not publicly accessible, but here’s what we know. ICE entered into deals for “security guards and patrol services” as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$679 million with Management & Training Corp., for a facility in Calexico, where the company currently operates the Imperial Regional Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with Core Civic, Inc., for a facility in San Diego, where the company currently operates the Otay Mesa Detention Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.1 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Adelanto (San Bernardino County), where the company currently operates the Adelanto ICE Processing Center;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.6 billion with GEO Group, Inc., for a facility in Bakersfield, where the company currently operates the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In addition, GEO Group’s contracts incorporate the use of three other California prisons it owns, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191223005099/en/\">press release\u003c/a> the company issued Monday announcing its contracts. Those facilities — two in the Central Valley town of McFarland and another in Adelanto — will add an additional 2,150 beds “as facility annexes,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pleased to have been able to build on our long-standing partnership with ICE to help the agency meet its need for processing center beds in California, which comply with the Federal government’s performance-based national detention standards,” said George C. Zoley, GEO’s chairman and CEO, according to the press statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it expects the contracts to generate more than $200 million a year in revenue and support more than 1,200 jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the contracts come just days before a new state law takes effect, aimed at phasing out for-profit prisons and detention centers, federal authorities could enter into multi-million dollar contracts with private companies to continue jailing thousands of immigrants in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new California law, AB 32, is set to take effect Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California immigrant advocates said ICE is violating the spirit of that law and called on state officials to take action to block the deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These multi-billion dollar contracts represent the corrupt and illicit partnership between ICE, a rogue agency that feels it is above the law, and private corporations with a business model centered on locking up immigrants and people of color,” said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates. “They have no place in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra’s office declined to comment on whether the attorney general was considering taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate critique, California’s two U.S. senators and 19 Democratic members of Congress raised their own concerns about ICE’s process to enter into detention contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Nov. 14 \u003ca href=\"https://www.harris.senate.gov/news/press-releases/harris-lofgren-nadler-lead-letter-questioning-ices-move-to-circumvent-ca-law-banning-private-detention-facilities-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to ICE, they wrote that the agency’s Oct. 16 “streamlined” solicitation and 15-year contract term could violate federal procurement laws, which are designed to protect taxpayer dollars by promoting competition among potential vendors, except under narrowly defined circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has a history of consistently relying on the exceptions to full and open competition, raising concerns as to whether such contracts have been awarded in a proper manner,” wrote the lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about its latest solicitation for detention services in California, ICE spokeswoman Paige Hughes said the agency had followed the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE “remains compliant with federal contract and acquisition regulations as we advertise opportunity notices and subsequently implement the decision process,” said Hughes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The lawmakers also requested that, within 30 days, ICE provide them with documents related to the solicitation and any communications on AB 32, including messages between federal officials and the companies running ICE detention centers in California: GEO Group Inc; CoreCivic and Management & Training Corporation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this week, U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA) and Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-San Jose) had not yet received such information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Senator Harris will continue to monitor developments and determine potential next steps involving oversight work in the state,” said Meaghan Lynch, a spokeswoman for Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 32 bars for-profit companies from operating immigration detention facilities after their current contracts with ICE expire. The law also prohibits the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from entering or renewing contracts with private corporations to run prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three for-profit immigration detention centers impacted by AB 32 — Adelanto, in the San Bernardino County town of Adelanto; Imperial Regional, in Calexico; and Mesa Verde, in Bakersfield — have contracts with ICE that end in 2020. The contract of a fourth facility, Otay Mesa, near San Diego, expires in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group and MTC did not immediately return requests for comment. A spokeswoman for CoreCivic said questions about contracts should be directed to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local communities in California, such as Adelanto, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11440627/could-congress-and-california-thwart-trumps-mass-immigration-detention-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">long depended\u003c/a> on the tax revenue and hundreds of jobs generated by detention facilities. State lawmakers whose districts include the Adelanto ICE Processing Center and the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility did not return requests for comment about the new state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut-1200x809.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS22944_GettyImages-450371255-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his ‘segregation cell’ back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Nov. 15, 2013 in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As in previous statements by ICE officials, Hughes warned that AB 32 would likely result in the agency detaining California-based immigrants in other states, further away from their families and loved ones, and questioned the intent of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that a state law can bind the hands of a federal law enforcement agency managing a national network of detention facilities is wrong,” said Hughes. “Policy makers who strive to make it more difficult to remove dangerous criminal aliens and aim to stop the cooperation of local officials and business partners, harm the very communities whose welfare they have sworn to protect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jackie Gonzalez, co-founder of Immigrant Defense Advocates, said the law’s restriction on immigration detention could lead ICE to exercise its discretion and release more immigrants, such as those without criminal records, to await their court hearings at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-criminals accounted for the majority of ICE detentions between 2015 and 2018, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-20-36?utm_source=onepager&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email_hsj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Government Accountability Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Gonzalez, who was involved in crafting AB 32, said the new law does not regulate ICE, and the federal government could still take over private detention facilities in the state and run them itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It bans all for-profit detention in the state of California in part because of the inhumane and dangerous conditions which permeate those facilities,” said Gonzalez. “The state has the right to regulate an industry particularly when it does so to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between Oct. 2015 and June 2018, ICE inspectors found thousands of violations of the agency’s own detention standards at facilities throughout the country, including those run by private companies, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-02/OIG-19-18-Jan19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> earlier this year by the Office of the Inspector General at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of holding facilities accountable through financial penalties, ICE issued waivers to facilities with deficient conditions, seeking to exempt them from having to comply with certain detention standards,” reads the OIG report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, faith leaders, legal service providers and former immigration detainees with the Dignity Not Detention coalition held candles and signs before ICE’s offices in San Francisco, calling for Gov. Newsom and Attorney General Becerra to defend AB 32.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law to prohibit private prisons and detention centers is a critical step in our state to end the immoral profit-making off of human suffering,” said Rev. Deborah Lee, who directs the Interfaith Movement for Human Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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