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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Don't have time to read the whole guide? Here's a quick breakdown. Click the links below to skip to a specific section\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#new\">\u003cstrong>Breaking down the new isolation rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#apply\">\u003cstrong>Breaking down the new quarantine rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#risk\">\u003cstrong>Is there still a risk of infection after five days?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>U.S. health officials on Monday cut isolation restrictions for Americans who catch the coronavirus from 10 days down to five days, and similarly shortened the time that close contacts need to quarantine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials said the guidance is in keeping with growing evidence that people with the coronavirus are most infectious in the two days before and three days after symptoms develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision also was driven by a recent surge in COVID-19 cases, propelled by the omicron variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early research suggests omicron may cause milder illness than earlier variants of the coronavirus. But the sheer number of people becoming infected — and therefore having to isolate or quarantine — threatens to crush the ability of hospitals, airlines and other businesses to stay open, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11900053\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1237257420-1020x680.jpg\"]CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said the country is about to see a lot of omicron cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all of those cases are going to be severe. In fact many are going to be asymptomatic,” she told The Associated Press on Monday. “We want to make sure there is a mechanism by which we can safely continue to keep society functioning while following the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beleaguered businesses also are amping up the pressure: Airlines have called on the Biden administration to shorten the guidelines for the isolation period for vaccinated workers who get COVID-19, to ease staffing shortages. The union for flight attendants has pushed back against that, saying the isolation period should remain 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11896107\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1234850823-1020x680.jpg\"]Last week, the CDC loosened rules that previously called on health care workers to stay out of work for 10 days if they test positive. The new recommendations say workers could go back to work after seven days if they test negative and don’t have symptoms. And the agency said isolation time could be cut to five days, or even fewer, if there are severe staffing shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the CDC is changing the isolation and quarantine guidance for the general public to be even less stringent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance is not a mandate; it’s a recommendation to employers and state and local officials. Last week, New York state said it would expand on the CDC’s guidance for health care workers to include employees who have other critical jobs that are facing a severe staffing shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s possible other states will seek to shorten their isolation and quarantine policies, and the CDC is trying to get out ahead of the shift. “It would be helpful to have uniform CDC guidance” that others could draw from, rather than a mishmash of policies, Walensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC’s guidance on isolation and quarantine has seemed confusing to the public, and the new recommendations are “happening at a time when more people are testing positive for the first time and looking for guidance,” said Lindsay Wiley, an American University public health law expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the guidance continues to be complex.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"new\">\u003c/a>Breaking down the new isolation rules\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The isolation rules are for people who are infected. They are the same for people who are unvaccinated, partly vaccinated, fully vaccinated or boosted. They say:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The clock starts the day you test positive.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An infected person should go into isolation for five days, instead of the previously recommended 10.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At the end of five days, if you have no symptoms, you can return to normal activities but must wear a mask everywhere — even at home around others — for at least five more days.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you still have symptoms after isolating for five days, stay home until you feel better and then start your five days of wearing a mask at all times.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"apply\">\u003c/a>Breaking down the new quarantine rules\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The quarantine rules are for people \u003cem>who were in close contact\u003c/em> with an infected person but not infected themselves. They say:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For quarantine, the clock starts the day someone is alerted they may have been exposed to the virus.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People who are vaccinated but not boosted, people who are partly vaccinated and those who are not vaccinated at all can stop quarantine after five days if they wear masks in all settings for five days afterward.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People who got booster shots can skip quarantine if they wear masks in all settings for at least 10 days.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>That’s a change. Previously, the CDC said people who are not fully vaccinated and who came in close contact with an infected person should stay home for at least 10 days. Also previously, people who were fully vaccinated — which the CDC has defined as having two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, or one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine — could be exempt from quarantine. Now only people who've had booster shots are exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"risk\">\u003c/a>Is there still a risk of infection after five days?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Suspending both isolation and quarantine after five days is not without risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people get tested when they first feel symptoms, but many Americans get tested for others reasons, like to see whether they can visit family or for work. That means a positive test result may not reveal exactly when a person was infected or give a clear picture of when they are most contagious, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people get infected, the risk of spread drops substantially after five days, but it does not disappear for everyone, said Dr. Aaron Glatt, a New York physician and spokesperson for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decrease it to five days, you’re still going to have a small but significant number of people who are contagious,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why wearing masks is a critical part of the CDC guidance, Walensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said the country is about to see a lot of omicron cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all of those cases are going to be severe. In fact many are going to be asymptomatic,” she told The Associated Press on Monday. “We want to make sure there is a mechanism by which we can safely continue to keep society functioning while following the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beleaguered businesses also are amping up the pressure: Airlines have called on the Biden administration to shorten the guidelines for the isolation period for vaccinated workers who get COVID-19, to ease staffing shortages. The union for flight attendants has pushed back against that, saying the isolation period should remain 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last week, the CDC loosened rules that previously called on health care workers to stay out of work for 10 days if they test positive. The new recommendations say workers could go back to work after seven days if they test negative and don’t have symptoms. And the agency said isolation time could be cut to five days, or even fewer, if there are severe staffing shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the CDC is changing the isolation and quarantine guidance for the general public to be even less stringent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance is not a mandate; it’s a recommendation to employers and state and local officials. Last week, New York state said it would expand on the CDC’s guidance for health care workers to include employees who have other critical jobs that are facing a severe staffing shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s possible other states will seek to shorten their isolation and quarantine policies, and the CDC is trying to get out ahead of the shift. “It would be helpful to have uniform CDC guidance” that others could draw from, rather than a mishmash of policies, Walensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC’s guidance on isolation and quarantine has seemed confusing to the public, and the new recommendations are “happening at a time when more people are testing positive for the first time and looking for guidance,” said Lindsay Wiley, an American University public health law expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the guidance continues to be complex.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"new\">\u003c/a>Breaking down the new isolation rules\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The isolation rules are for people who are infected. They are the same for people who are unvaccinated, partly vaccinated, fully vaccinated or boosted. They say:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The clock starts the day you test positive.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An infected person should go into isolation for five days, instead of the previously recommended 10.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At the end of five days, if you have no symptoms, you can return to normal activities but must wear a mask everywhere — even at home around others — for at least five more days.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you still have symptoms after isolating for five days, stay home until you feel better and then start your five days of wearing a mask at all times.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"apply\">\u003c/a>Breaking down the new quarantine rules\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The quarantine rules are for people \u003cem>who were in close contact\u003c/em> with an infected person but not infected themselves. They say:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For quarantine, the clock starts the day someone is alerted they may have been exposed to the virus.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People who are vaccinated but not boosted, people who are partly vaccinated and those who are not vaccinated at all can stop quarantine after five days if they wear masks in all settings for five days afterward.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People who got booster shots can skip quarantine if they wear masks in all settings for at least 10 days.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>That’s a change. Previously, the CDC said people who are not fully vaccinated and who came in close contact with an infected person should stay home for at least 10 days. Also previously, people who were fully vaccinated — which the CDC has defined as having two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, or one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine — could be exempt from quarantine. Now only people who've had booster shots are exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"risk\">\u003c/a>Is there still a risk of infection after five days?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Suspending both isolation and quarantine after five days is not without risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people get tested when they first feel symptoms, but many Americans get tested for others reasons, like to see whether they can visit family or for work. That means a positive test result may not reveal exactly when a person was infected or give a clear picture of when they are most contagious, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people get infected, the risk of spread drops substantially after five days, but it does not disappear for everyone, said Dr. Aaron Glatt, a New York physician and spokesperson for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decrease it to five days, you’re still going to have a small but significant number of people who are contagious,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why wearing masks is a critical part of the CDC guidance, Walensky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-prepares-for-rollout-of-pfizer-vaccine-for-younger-kids-ahead-of-likely-cdc-approval",
"title": "California Prepares for Rollout of Pfizer Vaccine for Younger Kids Ahead of Likely CDC Approval",
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"content": "\u003cp>California has preordered 1.2 million doses of Pfizer-BioNTech’s pediatric COVID-19 vaccine, and 4,000 medical providers are ready to administer the shots once they’re approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state public health officials said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement was made a day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11893828/fda-panel-endorses-pfizer-covid-vaccine-for-kids-ages-5-11\">a Food and Drug Administration advisory panel voted\u003c/a> to recommend a lower dose of the vaccine for emergency use authorization in young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State epidemiologist Dr. Erica Pan said the state’s 3.5 million children age 5-11 deserve to be protected from COVID-19 and added that vaccine doses will be ready to distribute within the first week after the shots get approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Erica Pan, state epidemiologist \"]‘They’ve weathered remote learning, adapted to wearing masks, put birthday parties and playdates on hold. These young heroes want to fully participate in life again with holiday gatherings and festivities approaching. Vaccine authorization could not come at a better time.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve weathered remote learning, adapted to wearing masks, put birthday parties and playdates on hold,” Pan said. “These young heroes want to fully participate in life again with holiday gatherings and festivities approaching. Vaccine authorization could not come at a better time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Pan, vaccinating all those schoolchildren, who she said are 9% of the state’s population, would give families and schools peace of mind and a sense of normalcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials acknowledged that reaching all eligible children will require offering shots at schools and doing outreach to some communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A change in approach to vaccinating kids\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents and caregivers have options when it comes to getting their children vaccinated. Pediatric doses will be available at chain pharmacies, at public clinics and at pediatricians’ offices or hospitals, especially when those practices are part of a larger health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials in the Bay Area are rethinking how vaccine clinics can be more kid-friendly. Many of these administrators are parents as well as medical professionals, so they realize that children might feel anxious about needles. Confronted with a syringe, many small children become afraid, but luckily they’re often easily distracted and respond to incentives, like stickers, balloons and temporary tattoos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, health officials are planning to answer questions about vaccines from parents and caregivers at town halls in Spanish, English and Cantonese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Lund, school nurse at Longfellow Elementary School, said at least a couple parents ask her about kids’ vaccines each day. They worry about their children missing school when they come down with a sniffle and have to be tested or quarantine at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The principal at Longfellow reached out to the city’s department of public health to organize a vaccine clinic at the school in the Outer Mission, Lund said. Longfellow was not previously among the school district’s vaccination sites. Those plans are moving forward, aiming for mid-November, and school staff are starting to reach out to families who speak Spanish, Tagalog, Chinese and Russian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11893828\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Timing will be a challenge,” Lund said. “They want to do it in the morning. We’ll see if we can work out a time that works for our parents who work — that’s most of them here. The way that usually works best for the least amount of tears is for the child to sit on the parent’s lap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County’s vaccination site at the county fairgrounds will have trained staff and a bubble machine and scavenger hunt to keep kids occupied. There will be two sides, one for adults and one for kids, so the different dosages don’t get mixed up. Pfizer’s pediatric dosage comes in a vial clearly marked with an orange cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appointments will be required at public clinics, said Dr. Jennifer Tong, associate chief medical officer for the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do expect the demand is going to be quite high in those first few weeks, and we want to avoid as much as possible having parents and children stand in long, long lines,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can choose the environment that will work best for their child: a large vaccine clinic like where many adults got shots, a small traditional medical exam room, or their vehicle, in a drive-up appointment where they won’t even have to unbuckle their seat belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Health officials wary of rise in cases in winter season\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While celebrating the imminent approval of pediatric vaccines, health officials sounded a cautionary note in anticipation of winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mark Ghaly, secretary of the California Health and Human Services Agency, said with holiday gatherings and more time spent indoors, there’s a risk of COVID-19 cases spiking again, just like last winter. The concern is people might mistake cold and flu symptoms, fail to get tested and become a vector for COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Mark Ghaly, secretary of the California Health and Human Services Agency\"]‘We can’t have history repeat itself. We still have so many unvaccinated Californians, kids as well. We need to keep our guard up, and getting young people vaccinated is part of that story.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have history repeat itself. We still have so many unvaccinated Californians, kids as well,” Ghaly said at a press conference at the Asian Health Services clinic in Oakland’s Chinatown. “We need to keep our guard up, and getting young people vaccinated is part of that story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health data showed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/california-covid-cases.html\">dramatic increase in cases\u003c/a> and test positivity rates between October 2020 and January 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all remember what occurred last winter. If the past has any instruction to the future, just consider these stubborn facts,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom before rattling off numbers to illustrate what happened when COVID precautions were eased without the protection of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom received a booster shot Wednesday: a dose of Moderna to shore up the Johnson & Johnson shot he got in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He urged older people, people with preexisting health conditions and anyone whose work puts them at elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 to get a booster shot promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco public health officials say only about 20% of eligible older people have received a third shot since they started offering them in late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Naveena Bobba, deputy health director for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, said she thinks older people may be confused about boosters, waning immunity and who is currently eligible for a third shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the low numbers are concerning given the approaching holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do want our holiday season to be full of festivities and people gathering, but doing so in the … healthiest and safest way, and the best way to do that is to get your COVID booster and flu vaccine,” Bobba said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11893306/cdc-backs-rollout-of-covid-vaccine-boosters-from-moderna-and-jj\">Moderna booster shots and Johnson & Johnson booster shots are now available\u003c/a> to eligible people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "California Prepares for Rollout of Pfizer Vaccine for Younger Kids Ahead of Likely CDC Approval | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has preordered 1.2 million doses of Pfizer-BioNTech’s pediatric COVID-19 vaccine, and 4,000 medical providers are ready to administer the shots once they’re approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state public health officials said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement was made a day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11893828/fda-panel-endorses-pfizer-covid-vaccine-for-kids-ages-5-11\">a Food and Drug Administration advisory panel voted\u003c/a> to recommend a lower dose of the vaccine for emergency use authorization in young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State epidemiologist Dr. Erica Pan said the state’s 3.5 million children age 5-11 deserve to be protected from COVID-19 and added that vaccine doses will be ready to distribute within the first week after the shots get approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They’ve weathered remote learning, adapted to wearing masks, put birthday parties and playdates on hold. These young heroes want to fully participate in life again with holiday gatherings and festivities approaching. Vaccine authorization could not come at a better time.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve weathered remote learning, adapted to wearing masks, put birthday parties and playdates on hold,” Pan said. “These young heroes want to fully participate in life again with holiday gatherings and festivities approaching. Vaccine authorization could not come at a better time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Pan, vaccinating all those schoolchildren, who she said are 9% of the state’s population, would give families and schools peace of mind and a sense of normalcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials acknowledged that reaching all eligible children will require offering shots at schools and doing outreach to some communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A change in approach to vaccinating kids\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents and caregivers have options when it comes to getting their children vaccinated. Pediatric doses will be available at chain pharmacies, at public clinics and at pediatricians’ offices or hospitals, especially when those practices are part of a larger health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials in the Bay Area are rethinking how vaccine clinics can be more kid-friendly. Many of these administrators are parents as well as medical professionals, so they realize that children might feel anxious about needles. Confronted with a syringe, many small children become afraid, but luckily they’re often easily distracted and respond to incentives, like stickers, balloons and temporary tattoos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, health officials are planning to answer questions about vaccines from parents and caregivers at town halls in Spanish, English and Cantonese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Lund, school nurse at Longfellow Elementary School, said at least a couple parents ask her about kids’ vaccines each day. They worry about their children missing school when they come down with a sniffle and have to be tested or quarantine at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The principal at Longfellow reached out to the city’s department of public health to organize a vaccine clinic at the school in the Outer Mission, Lund said. Longfellow was not previously among the school district’s vaccination sites. Those plans are moving forward, aiming for mid-November, and school staff are starting to reach out to families who speak Spanish, Tagalog, Chinese and Russian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Timing will be a challenge,” Lund said. “They want to do it in the morning. We’ll see if we can work out a time that works for our parents who work — that’s most of them here. The way that usually works best for the least amount of tears is for the child to sit on the parent’s lap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County’s vaccination site at the county fairgrounds will have trained staff and a bubble machine and scavenger hunt to keep kids occupied. There will be two sides, one for adults and one for kids, so the different dosages don’t get mixed up. Pfizer’s pediatric dosage comes in a vial clearly marked with an orange cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appointments will be required at public clinics, said Dr. Jennifer Tong, associate chief medical officer for the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do expect the demand is going to be quite high in those first few weeks, and we want to avoid as much as possible having parents and children stand in long, long lines,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can choose the environment that will work best for their child: a large vaccine clinic like where many adults got shots, a small traditional medical exam room, or their vehicle, in a drive-up appointment where they won’t even have to unbuckle their seat belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Health officials wary of rise in cases in winter season\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While celebrating the imminent approval of pediatric vaccines, health officials sounded a cautionary note in anticipation of winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mark Ghaly, secretary of the California Health and Human Services Agency, said with holiday gatherings and more time spent indoors, there’s a risk of COVID-19 cases spiking again, just like last winter. The concern is people might mistake cold and flu symptoms, fail to get tested and become a vector for COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We can’t have history repeat itself. We still have so many unvaccinated Californians, kids as well. We need to keep our guard up, and getting young people vaccinated is part of that story.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have history repeat itself. We still have so many unvaccinated Californians, kids as well,” Ghaly said at a press conference at the Asian Health Services clinic in Oakland’s Chinatown. “We need to keep our guard up, and getting young people vaccinated is part of that story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health data showed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/california-covid-cases.html\">dramatic increase in cases\u003c/a> and test positivity rates between October 2020 and January 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all remember what occurred last winter. If the past has any instruction to the future, just consider these stubborn facts,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom before rattling off numbers to illustrate what happened when COVID precautions were eased without the protection of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom received a booster shot Wednesday: a dose of Moderna to shore up the Johnson & Johnson shot he got in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He urged older people, people with preexisting health conditions and anyone whose work puts them at elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 to get a booster shot promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco public health officials say only about 20% of eligible older people have received a third shot since they started offering them in late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Naveena Bobba, deputy health director for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, said she thinks older people may be confused about boosters, waning immunity and who is currently eligible for a third shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the low numbers are concerning given the approaching holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do want our holiday season to be full of festivities and people gathering, but doing so in the … healthiest and safest way, and the best way to do that is to get your COVID booster and flu vaccine,” Bobba said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11893306/cdc-backs-rollout-of-covid-vaccine-boosters-from-moderna-and-jj\">Moderna booster shots and Johnson & Johnson booster shots are now available\u003c/a> to eligible people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "After 25 Years in the Dark, the CDC Wants to Study the True Toll of Guns in America",
"title": "After 25 Years in the Dark, the CDC Wants to Study the True Toll of Guns in America",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The uniquely American epidemic of mass killings by firearms grabs most of the attention from the media, politicians and the public. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/27/1040904770/fbi-data-murder-increase-2020\">big increase in homicides \u003c/a>in 2020 and overall violent crime — on the rise across many American cities — also get their share of coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for decades, the devastating impact of nonfatal firearm injuries in the U.S. has been understudied, undercovered by the media and often overlooked. Political pressure from the gun lobby, regulations and \"disordered and highly segmented\" collection systems have created chronically unreliable data and information that obscure our true understanding of the public health, financial, psychological and social toll of gun injuries, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.norc.org/PDFs/Firearm%20Data%20Infrastructure%20Expert%20Panel/State%20of%20Firearms%20Research%202019.pdf\">2020 study on firearms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data that just over 100 people, on average, are killed by firearms in the U.S. every day. That includes crimes, suicides, gun accidents and shootings involving law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how often is someone \u003cem>injured\u003c/em> by a firearm in America? Why, how and what kinds of weapons are used? What are the underlying causes? What's the relationship between shooter and victim? What evidence-based, scalable programs work best to help prevent criminal shootings, accidents and suicides? On these and other questions, people in public health, criminal justice, policing and academia admit they lack full and adequate answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're partly in the dark because for more than two decades, the gun lobby and Republican allies in Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/05/599773911/how-the-nra-worked-to-stifle-gun-violence-research\">effectively blocked federal funding \u003c/a>for firearms research, arguing that such study would undermine the constitutional rights of lawful gun owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of that and other factors, experts say, in-depth gun-data collection and sharing in the U.S. is a\u003ca href=\"https://www.norc.org/PDFs/Firearm%20Data%20Infrastructure%20Expert%20Panel/State%20of%20Firearms%20Research%202019.pdf\"> tangled mess that undermines objective research on programs\u003c/a> and policies intended to prevent firearm injury, suicide and criminal violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC under Dr. Rochelle Walensky says that will now, finally, start to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/gkshKDYOx80\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the thousands of Americans affected, survival and recovery from gun injuries look very different for each individual. Here are a few of their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jennifer Longdon, Phoenix: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, Jennifer Longdon and her then-fiancé, David, had recently returned from vacation and were about to get dinner at a local Mexican-food drive-through. They were grabbing tacos, holding hands and talking wedding details. Out of nowhere, a pickup truck sideswiped their car and someone inside opened fire with a handgun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five bullets later, both were near death. Both suffered life-changing injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longdon's fiancé was shot three times, including once in the head and the shoulder. The martial arts instructor and former taekwondo champion suffered severe brain damage. He is medically incapacitated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"gun-violence\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's now blind. He has no sense of smell. His hearing is diminished, and he has a very significant brain injury that impacts how he thinks,\" Longdon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last bullet fired from the pickup truck struck Longdon in her back. She is now paralyzed just below her collarbone. She uses a wheelchair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no discernible\u003cem> why\u003c/em> to the shooting: no road rage or drug deal gone bad. The shooting was totally random and inexplicable. No one has ever been arrested; there are currently no suspects \u003ca href=\"https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix/2019/11/10/az-lawmaker-jennifer-longdon-asks-public-help-identify-her-shooter/2556895001/\">despite rewards and an investigation.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, you can theorize a million different ways what was the cause,\" Longdon says. \"I don't know. I don't know.\" \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There would be no wedding. They didn't stay together. Their lives were soon consumed by surgeries, outpatient therapy and adjusting to life with a disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longdon still finds it hard to rethink some details from the night of the shooting. With her survival questionable, her ex-husband brought their then-12-year-old son to her bedside in the hospital trauma room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>And there's my little boy,\" she says, her voice cracking. \"And he's trying to comfort me. And his face is so pale and his eyes are so wild. And he's stroking my hair that's just full of blood, telling me it's going to be OK. And the thing that I always remember is that he was so afraid and so brave. And that happens to children across our country every single day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Rep. Jennifer Longdon, (D-Arizona)\"]'Nonfatal injuries do not get the attention that they deserve. The best policy comes from having great data. And so that's the first thing that we need to fix.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC is now hoping to get a fuller picture of the data and long-neglected details on the impact of daily gun violence. The CDC and the National Institutes of Health, for the first time in nearly a quarter-century, are funding new research on guns to help reduce firearm-related injuries, deaths, crime and suicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among several \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/firearms/funded-research.html\">other gun research projects\u003c/a>, the CDC is now providing funding to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/firearms/funded-surveillance.html\">10 state health departments\u003c/a> so they can start collecting data in near-real time on emergency room nonfatal firearm injuries. This will allow doctors and epidemiologists to potentially identify trends and craft swift interventions, as they have done to contain the coronavirus pandemic and other national health emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longdon was elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2018. Today she is the assistant Democratic minority leader in the statehouse. Among her top state priorities are disability rights and public health-based gun violence prevention. She welcomes the renewal of federal gun research but says it needs to grow far beyond the initial funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nonfatal injuries do not get the attention that they deserve,\" she says. \"The best policy comes from having great data. And so that's the first thing that we need to fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Laura Morris, Annapolis, Md.\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her 20s, Laura Morris was married to an abusive man with alcohol and drug problems. The physical and emotional torment, she says, steadily got worse, especially when he was drunk or high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would beat me and berate me,\" Morris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night after heavy drinking, he returned home and, as usual, began threatening and assaulting her. But this time he brandished an unregistered handgun he'd bought for $25 at a local bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He pushed me on the sofa and put the gun to my stomach and said, 'Gut shots hurt the worst,' \" Morris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morris is not really sure what happened next. She heard the gun go off. She felt frozen, unable to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I thought, 'Oh, my God, he actually killed me.' And I just, I remember just sitting there thinking, 'OK, what happens now?' And all the thoughts go through your head: Who's going to find my body? What's going to happen to my son? You know, all these things,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband fell to the living room floor, drunk and despondent, shouting, \"I killed her, I killed her,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she remembers taking a deep breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And at that moment I could smell gunpowder. And I looked and I could see out of the corner of my eye there was smoke coming out of my jacket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1512px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1512\" height=\"1008\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890549\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris.jpg 1512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Morris was caught in an escalating cycle of abuse at the hands of her former husband. One night he shot her through the shoulder. Today she helps others who've survived gun injuries and domestic abuse. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Laura Morris)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Morris thinks that when her husband pressed the handgun against her stomach, she pushed his arm away, knocking the handgun upward as he fired. The bullet went through her shoulder, as well as the sofa, and lodged in the nearby wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her husband was contrite. But soon the routine was back. Hitting and abuse followed by apologies.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Morris physically recovered from her gunshot wound without seeking medical attention. She didn't call the police either. She was too scared to leave but worried every day about the next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And next time he won't miss,\" she remembers thinking. \"He always said if I ever left him, he would shoot me in the back of the head when I least expected it. It was just that everyday, constant terror.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, he came home high, and his typical pattern of abusing her followed. Her usual survival strategy involved grabbing her son when her husband went into the bathroom. They'd then drive around the neighborhood until her husband had passed out. That night, when she went into her son's room, she says, the little boy was standing there with his coat on and blanket in hand, all ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like he knew from the yelling that this was going to happen. And I thought, 'We can't live like this.' You know, he's growing up thinking that this is normal,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, she woke up determined: I'd rather be dead than live this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three or four times a week I'd wake up and think, 'Wow, this could be the last day,' \" she remembers. \" 'This could be the day he [kills me].' And I thought, 'Who thinks like that?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finally left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her life didn't get better right away. It took a lot of work — and time. There was baggage to unpack, she says, \"but eventually it got better. My life took a good turn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Laura Morris, domestic violence and gun violence survivor\"]'There's the misconception — and I had that misconception: 'Well, you survived, so you must be OK,' And that's not true.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is happily remarried and is about to retire from a successful career in sales and marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Morris is active in several groups supporting people who've survived gun violence and domestic abuse, including work as a peer support group coordinator for Everytown for Gun Safety in Anne Arundel County, Md. She also helped found and run the organization's Wounded Survivors Affinity Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People wounded by gun violence, she says, often have a hard time talking about and unpacking the trauma. She did. She recalls the first time she told her full story in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I almost didn't get through it,\" she says, \"And I had to pull the garbage can over to the podium because I thought I was going to vomit. I just couldn't stop crying. And I think it was just that it was the first time that I had just said it out loud to people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Survivors need places to talk and connect with other survivors, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can be a lonely sort of place, because where do you bring that up in conversation? 'Oh, by the way, did I ever tell you that I was shot?' \" And when you do tell people, she says, there's often a mixture of shock and horror. \"And then they ask all these questions. And you may not feel comfortable at that moment answering questions about that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She'd like to see these kinds of support programs grow and involve younger people affected by gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's the misconception — and I had that misconception: 'Well, you survived, so you must be OK,' \" she says. \"And that's not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Hinckley-Wade, Phoenix: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Hinckley-Wade's story starts with a routine house party. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was 17, and he describes himself back then as \"lost\" and consumed by drug dealing and gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night, he and some friends, he says, were \"getting drunk, hanging out,\" goofing off and trying to impress girls and each other. Hinckley-Wade remembers beers, weed and a back-flip contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember tucking against one of my homeboys I went to junior high school with, you know, just having a good time,\" he recalls. \"From there, it just kind of gets dark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bending to peer pressure, he says, he smoked a cigarette that had been dipped in PCP, a hallucinogenic drug better known as \"angel dust,\" among other nicknames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was like out [of] a horror movie. My body went into some kind of crazy trance, and my whole being just left me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A short time later, out on the street with friends, things spiraled further. They ran into a possible member of a rival gang. Hinckley-Wade beat him up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was high. I jumped on this dude for nothing, pretty much,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1108\" height=\"739\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade-.jpg 1108w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade--800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade--1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade--160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Hinckley-Wade was paralyzed in a shooting when he was 17. These days he helps mentor young people caught up in gangs, drugs and violence so they can avoid the life mistakes he made. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of James Hinckley-Wade)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bruised rival returned about an hour later with a friend — and a 9 mm handgun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so I start approaching that dude, and [he] pulled out a pistol — Lord, forgive me, Jesus' name. Yeah, he pulled out a pistol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bullet hit his spinal cord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He hit my main artery in my neck,\" Hinckley-Wade explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's now paralyzed from his chest down. He uses a motorized wheelchair to get around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Hinckley-Wade says it all stemmed from immaturity, teenage bravado and his efforts to get the attention of a high-ranking gang member who was in town from California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was trying to impress him, like I've been doing the whole time since I started gangbanging, trying to impress. For nothing,\" Hinckley-Wade says, choking up. \"For nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Hinckley-Wade plays and teaches wheelchair power soccer and sits on the Phoenix Police Department's disability advisory board. He also does volunteer work with violence prevention groups and Ability360, an independent living center for people with disabilities. He says that through peer-mentoring young people involved in drugs, crime and gangs, he tries to help them make better decisions than the ones he made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know people are going to get mad. We know people are going to get angry,\" he says. Mentoring can help young people \"express that or get that out before people start wanting to pick up guns. They could probably prevent a lot of this [violence] just by talking to somebody before it happened.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+25+Years+In+The+Dark%2C+The+CDC+Wants+To+Study+The+True+Toll+Of+Guns+In+America&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "We don't know the full impact of nonfatal firearms-related injuries. Unreliable data and political pressure have obscured the picture for researchers, the media and the public. That may soon change.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The uniquely American epidemic of mass killings by firearms grabs most of the attention from the media, politicians and the public. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/27/1040904770/fbi-data-murder-increase-2020\">big increase in homicides \u003c/a>in 2020 and overall violent crime — on the rise across many American cities — also get their share of coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for decades, the devastating impact of nonfatal firearm injuries in the U.S. has been understudied, undercovered by the media and often overlooked. Political pressure from the gun lobby, regulations and \"disordered and highly segmented\" collection systems have created chronically unreliable data and information that obscure our true understanding of the public health, financial, psychological and social toll of gun injuries, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.norc.org/PDFs/Firearm%20Data%20Infrastructure%20Expert%20Panel/State%20of%20Firearms%20Research%202019.pdf\">2020 study on firearms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data that just over 100 people, on average, are killed by firearms in the U.S. every day. That includes crimes, suicides, gun accidents and shootings involving law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how often is someone \u003cem>injured\u003c/em> by a firearm in America? Why, how and what kinds of weapons are used? What are the underlying causes? What's the relationship between shooter and victim? What evidence-based, scalable programs work best to help prevent criminal shootings, accidents and suicides? On these and other questions, people in public health, criminal justice, policing and academia admit they lack full and adequate answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're partly in the dark because for more than two decades, the gun lobby and Republican allies in Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/05/599773911/how-the-nra-worked-to-stifle-gun-violence-research\">effectively blocked federal funding \u003c/a>for firearms research, arguing that such study would undermine the constitutional rights of lawful gun owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of that and other factors, experts say, in-depth gun-data collection and sharing in the U.S. is a\u003ca href=\"https://www.norc.org/PDFs/Firearm%20Data%20Infrastructure%20Expert%20Panel/State%20of%20Firearms%20Research%202019.pdf\"> tangled mess that undermines objective research on programs\u003c/a> and policies intended to prevent firearm injury, suicide and criminal violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC under Dr. Rochelle Walensky says that will now, finally, start to change.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/gkshKDYOx80'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/gkshKDYOx80'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>For the thousands of Americans affected, survival and recovery from gun injuries look very different for each individual. Here are a few of their stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jennifer Longdon, Phoenix: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2004, Jennifer Longdon and her then-fiancé, David, had recently returned from vacation and were about to get dinner at a local Mexican-food drive-through. They were grabbing tacos, holding hands and talking wedding details. Out of nowhere, a pickup truck sideswiped their car and someone inside opened fire with a handgun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five bullets later, both were near death. Both suffered life-changing injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longdon's fiancé was shot three times, including once in the head and the shoulder. The martial arts instructor and former taekwondo champion suffered severe brain damage. He is medically incapacitated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's now blind. He has no sense of smell. His hearing is diminished, and he has a very significant brain injury that impacts how he thinks,\" Longdon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last bullet fired from the pickup truck struck Longdon in her back. She is now paralyzed just below her collarbone. She uses a wheelchair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no discernible\u003cem> why\u003c/em> to the shooting: no road rage or drug deal gone bad. The shooting was totally random and inexplicable. No one has ever been arrested; there are currently no suspects \u003ca href=\"https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/phoenix/2019/11/10/az-lawmaker-jennifer-longdon-asks-public-help-identify-her-shooter/2556895001/\">despite rewards and an investigation.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, you can theorize a million different ways what was the cause,\" Longdon says. \"I don't know. I don't know.\" \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There would be no wedding. They didn't stay together. Their lives were soon consumed by surgeries, outpatient therapy and adjusting to life with a disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longdon still finds it hard to rethink some details from the night of the shooting. With her survival questionable, her ex-husband brought their then-12-year-old son to her bedside in the hospital trauma room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>And there's my little boy,\" she says, her voice cracking. \"And he's trying to comfort me. And his face is so pale and his eyes are so wild. And he's stroking my hair that's just full of blood, telling me it's going to be OK. And the thing that I always remember is that he was so afraid and so brave. And that happens to children across our country every single day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Nonfatal injuries do not get the attention that they deserve. The best policy comes from having great data. And so that's the first thing that we need to fix.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC is now hoping to get a fuller picture of the data and long-neglected details on the impact of daily gun violence. The CDC and the National Institutes of Health, for the first time in nearly a quarter-century, are funding new research on guns to help reduce firearm-related injuries, deaths, crime and suicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among several \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/firearms/funded-research.html\">other gun research projects\u003c/a>, the CDC is now providing funding to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/firearms/funded-surveillance.html\">10 state health departments\u003c/a> so they can start collecting data in near-real time on emergency room nonfatal firearm injuries. This will allow doctors and epidemiologists to potentially identify trends and craft swift interventions, as they have done to contain the coronavirus pandemic and other national health emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longdon was elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2018. Today she is the assistant Democratic minority leader in the statehouse. Among her top state priorities are disability rights and public health-based gun violence prevention. She welcomes the renewal of federal gun research but says it needs to grow far beyond the initial funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nonfatal injuries do not get the attention that they deserve,\" she says. \"The best policy comes from having great data. And so that's the first thing that we need to fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Laura Morris, Annapolis, Md.\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her 20s, Laura Morris was married to an abusive man with alcohol and drug problems. The physical and emotional torment, she says, steadily got worse, especially when he was drunk or high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would beat me and berate me,\" Morris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night after heavy drinking, he returned home and, as usual, began threatening and assaulting her. But this time he brandished an unregistered handgun he'd bought for $25 at a local bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He pushed me on the sofa and put the gun to my stomach and said, 'Gut shots hurt the worst,' \" Morris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morris is not really sure what happened next. She heard the gun go off. She felt frozen, unable to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I thought, 'Oh, my God, he actually killed me.' And I just, I remember just sitting there thinking, 'OK, what happens now?' And all the thoughts go through your head: Who's going to find my body? What's going to happen to my son? You know, all these things,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband fell to the living room floor, drunk and despondent, shouting, \"I killed her, I killed her,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she remembers taking a deep breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And at that moment I could smell gunpowder. And I looked and I could see out of the corner of my eye there was smoke coming out of my jacket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1512px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1512\" height=\"1008\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890549\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris.jpg 1512w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/laura-morris-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1512px) 100vw, 1512px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Morris was caught in an escalating cycle of abuse at the hands of her former husband. One night he shot her through the shoulder. Today she helps others who've survived gun injuries and domestic abuse. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Laura Morris)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Morris thinks that when her husband pressed the handgun against her stomach, she pushed his arm away, knocking the handgun upward as he fired. The bullet went through her shoulder, as well as the sofa, and lodged in the nearby wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her husband was contrite. But soon the routine was back. Hitting and abuse followed by apologies.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Morris physically recovered from her gunshot wound without seeking medical attention. She didn't call the police either. She was too scared to leave but worried every day about the next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And next time he won't miss,\" she remembers thinking. \"He always said if I ever left him, he would shoot me in the back of the head when I least expected it. It was just that everyday, constant terror.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, he came home high, and his typical pattern of abusing her followed. Her usual survival strategy involved grabbing her son when her husband went into the bathroom. They'd then drive around the neighborhood until her husband had passed out. That night, when she went into her son's room, she says, the little boy was standing there with his coat on and blanket in hand, all ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like he knew from the yelling that this was going to happen. And I thought, 'We can't live like this.' You know, he's growing up thinking that this is normal,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, she woke up determined: I'd rather be dead than live this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three or four times a week I'd wake up and think, 'Wow, this could be the last day,' \" she remembers. \" 'This could be the day he [kills me].' And I thought, 'Who thinks like that?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finally left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her life didn't get better right away. It took a lot of work — and time. There was baggage to unpack, she says, \"but eventually it got better. My life took a good turn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is happily remarried and is about to retire from a successful career in sales and marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Morris is active in several groups supporting people who've survived gun violence and domestic abuse, including work as a peer support group coordinator for Everytown for Gun Safety in Anne Arundel County, Md. She also helped found and run the organization's Wounded Survivors Affinity Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People wounded by gun violence, she says, often have a hard time talking about and unpacking the trauma. She did. She recalls the first time she told her full story in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I almost didn't get through it,\" she says, \"And I had to pull the garbage can over to the podium because I thought I was going to vomit. I just couldn't stop crying. And I think it was just that it was the first time that I had just said it out loud to people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Survivors need places to talk and connect with other survivors, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can be a lonely sort of place, because where do you bring that up in conversation? 'Oh, by the way, did I ever tell you that I was shot?' \" And when you do tell people, she says, there's often a mixture of shock and horror. \"And then they ask all these questions. And you may not feel comfortable at that moment answering questions about that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She'd like to see these kinds of support programs grow and involve younger people affected by gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's the misconception — and I had that misconception: 'Well, you survived, so you must be OK,' \" she says. \"And that's not true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>James Hinckley-Wade, Phoenix: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Hinckley-Wade's story starts with a routine house party. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was 17, and he describes himself back then as \"lost\" and consumed by drug dealing and gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night, he and some friends, he says, were \"getting drunk, hanging out,\" goofing off and trying to impress girls and each other. Hinckley-Wade remembers beers, weed and a back-flip contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember tucking against one of my homeboys I went to junior high school with, you know, just having a good time,\" he recalls. \"From there, it just kind of gets dark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bending to peer pressure, he says, he smoked a cigarette that had been dipped in PCP, a hallucinogenic drug better known as \"angel dust,\" among other nicknames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was like out [of] a horror movie. My body went into some kind of crazy trance, and my whole being just left me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A short time later, out on the street with friends, things spiraled further. They ran into a possible member of a rival gang. Hinckley-Wade beat him up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was high. I jumped on this dude for nothing, pretty much,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1108\" height=\"739\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade-.jpg 1108w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade--800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade--1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/James-Hinckley-Wade--160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Hinckley-Wade was paralyzed in a shooting when he was 17. These days he helps mentor young people caught up in gangs, drugs and violence so they can avoid the life mistakes he made. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of James Hinckley-Wade)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bruised rival returned about an hour later with a friend — and a 9 mm handgun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so I start approaching that dude, and [he] pulled out a pistol — Lord, forgive me, Jesus' name. Yeah, he pulled out a pistol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bullet hit his spinal cord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He hit my main artery in my neck,\" Hinckley-Wade explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's now paralyzed from his chest down. He uses a motorized wheelchair to get around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Hinckley-Wade says it all stemmed from immaturity, teenage bravado and his efforts to get the attention of a high-ranking gang member who was in town from California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was trying to impress him, like I've been doing the whole time since I started gangbanging, trying to impress. For nothing,\" Hinckley-Wade says, choking up. \"For nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Hinckley-Wade plays and teaches wheelchair power soccer and sits on the Phoenix Police Department's disability advisory board. He also does volunteer work with violence prevention groups and Ability360, an independent living center for people with disabilities. He says that through peer-mentoring young people involved in drugs, crime and gangs, he tries to help them make better decisions than the ones he made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know people are going to get mad. We know people are going to get angry,\" he says. Mentoring can help young people \"express that or get that out before people start wanting to pick up guns. They could probably prevent a lot of this [violence] just by talking to somebody before it happened.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+25+Years+In+The+Dark%2C+The+CDC+Wants+To+Study+The+True+Toll+Of+Guns+In+America&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do You Need to Wear a Mask Indoors Where You Live? Check This Map",
"title": "Do You Need to Wear a Mask Indoors Where You Live? Check This Map",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/22/1019475669/delta-variant-will-drive-a-steep-rise-in-covid-deaths-model-shows\">delta variant taking off\u003c/a> around the country, the federal government on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">updated its masking guidelines\u003c/a> for fully vaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new advice is to mask up indoors if you live in a place with \"substantial\" or \"high\" virus transmission. (The guidance for people who are unvaccinated remains the same: Always mask up indoors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what's the level of transmission where you live? Look up your county below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-hotspot-20210728/?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-hotspot-20210728&parentTitle=CDC%20Mask%20Guidance%20Made%20Easier%3A%20Check%20This%20County%20COVID%20Risk%20Map%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F07%2F28%2F1021795290%2Fcdc-mask-guidelines-indoors-vaccinated-by-county-covid-spread\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's masking guidelines came after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/22/1019311989/public-health-experts-call-on-cdc-to-endorse-masking-indoors\">pressure from many outside experts\u003c/a>. CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/27/1021206558/cdc-expected-to-change-mask-guidance-for-vaccinated-people-including-in-schools\">in a press briefing\u003c/a> that the change comes after new evidence showed delta was more transmissible than previously understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was not a decision that was taken lightly,\" Walensky said. She noted that new data from outbreak investigations show that, although only rarely, vaccinated people can still get infected and spread the virus to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On rare occasions, some vaccinated people infected with the delta variant after vaccination may be contagious and spread the virus to others,\" she told reporters when announcing the new guidelines. \"This new science is worrisome and, unfortunately, warrants an update to our recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data for this map comes from the CDC and is updated regularly. The color-coding is based on two metrics: the number of new cases per 100,000 residents and the percent of coronavirus tests that come back positive in a seven-day period. (A \u003ca href=\"https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/covid-19-testing-understanding-the-percent-positive.html\">high positivity rate\u003c/a> indicates that the number of infections in a place may be high, and that more testing needs to be done.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If those two metrics show different levels of transmission in a given place, the CDC selects the higher level. Nearly two-thirds of counties in the country are currently experiencing substantial or high transmission as of late July. That includes 45 of California’s 58 counties, where about 96% of the state's nearly 40 million people live, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/07/california-covid-mask-guidelines/\">CalMatters reported\u003c/a>. On Wednesday, the California Department of Public Health recommended everyone in the state resume wearing masks again in indoor public settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"delta-variant\"]The CDC classifies a community as having \"substantial transmission\" if there are 50 to 99 weekly cases per 100,000 residents or if the positivity rate is between 8.0% and 9.9%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your county falls into this category, you should wear a mask indoors, whether or not you are vaccinated. The CDC also advises \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view\">on its website\u003c/a> that \"everyday activities should be limited to reduce spread and protect the health care system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A county has \"high transmission\" if it has anything over 100 weekly cases per 100,000 residents, or 10% or greater test positivity rate in the last seven days. In that case, communities should implement universal masking indoors and consider additional \"significant measures ... to limit contact between persons,\" according to the CDC's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say that the level of community transmission should not be the only factor to guide your decision on whether to wear a mask in public. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/07/26/1020799661/coronavirus-faq-im-vaccinated-i-thought-i-could-give-up-masks-but-should-i\">There are other circumstances\u003c/a> in which vaccinated people might want to mask up: for instance, if you live with unvaccinated children or have immunocompromised family members, or if you're going somewhere without good ventilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walensky continues to emphasize the need for more people \u003ca href=\"http://vaccines.gov/\">to get vaccinated\u003c/a>, noting that the areas with the lowest vaccination rates are getting hit hardest by this recent wave. \"With the delta variant,\" she said, \"vaccinating more Americans now is more urgent than ever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+You+Need+To+Wear+A+Mask+Indoors+Where+You+Live%3F+Check+This+Map&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/22/1019475669/delta-variant-will-drive-a-steep-rise-in-covid-deaths-model-shows\">delta variant taking off\u003c/a> around the country, the federal government on Tuesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">updated its masking guidelines\u003c/a> for fully vaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new advice is to mask up indoors if you live in a place with \"substantial\" or \"high\" virus transmission. (The guidance for people who are unvaccinated remains the same: Always mask up indoors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what's the level of transmission where you live? Look up your county below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/covid-hotspot-20210728/?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-covid-hotspot-20210728&parentTitle=CDC%20Mask%20Guidance%20Made%20Easier%3A%20Check%20This%20County%20COVID%20Risk%20Map%20%3A%20Shots%20-%20Health%20News%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2021%2F07%2F28%2F1021795290%2Fcdc-mask-guidelines-indoors-vaccinated-by-county-covid-spread\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's masking guidelines came after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/22/1019311989/public-health-experts-call-on-cdc-to-endorse-masking-indoors\">pressure from many outside experts\u003c/a>. CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/07/27/1021206558/cdc-expected-to-change-mask-guidance-for-vaccinated-people-including-in-schools\">in a press briefing\u003c/a> that the change comes after new evidence showed delta was more transmissible than previously understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was not a decision that was taken lightly,\" Walensky said. She noted that new data from outbreak investigations show that, although only rarely, vaccinated people can still get infected and spread the virus to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On rare occasions, some vaccinated people infected with the delta variant after vaccination may be contagious and spread the virus to others,\" she told reporters when announcing the new guidelines. \"This new science is worrisome and, unfortunately, warrants an update to our recommendations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data for this map comes from the CDC and is updated regularly. The color-coding is based on two metrics: the number of new cases per 100,000 residents and the percent of coronavirus tests that come back positive in a seven-day period. (A \u003ca href=\"https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/covid-19-testing-understanding-the-percent-positive.html\">high positivity rate\u003c/a> indicates that the number of infections in a place may be high, and that more testing needs to be done.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If those two metrics show different levels of transmission in a given place, the CDC selects the higher level. Nearly two-thirds of counties in the country are currently experiencing substantial or high transmission as of late July. That includes 45 of California’s 58 counties, where about 96% of the state's nearly 40 million people live, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/07/california-covid-mask-guidelines/\">CalMatters reported\u003c/a>. On Wednesday, the California Department of Public Health recommended everyone in the state resume wearing masks again in indoor public settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The CDC classifies a community as having \"substantial transmission\" if there are 50 to 99 weekly cases per 100,000 residents or if the positivity rate is between 8.0% and 9.9%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your county falls into this category, you should wear a mask indoors, whether or not you are vaccinated. The CDC also advises \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view\">on its website\u003c/a> that \"everyday activities should be limited to reduce spread and protect the health care system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A county has \"high transmission\" if it has anything over 100 weekly cases per 100,000 residents, or 10% or greater test positivity rate in the last seven days. In that case, communities should implement universal masking indoors and consider additional \"significant measures ... to limit contact between persons,\" according to the CDC's website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say that the level of community transmission should not be the only factor to guide your decision on whether to wear a mask in public. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/07/26/1020799661/coronavirus-faq-im-vaccinated-i-thought-i-could-give-up-masks-but-should-i\">There are other circumstances\u003c/a> in which vaccinated people might want to mask up: for instance, if you live with unvaccinated children or have immunocompromised family members, or if you're going somewhere without good ventilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walensky continues to emphasize the need for more people \u003ca href=\"http://vaccines.gov/\">to get vaccinated\u003c/a>, noting that the areas with the lowest vaccination rates are getting hit hardest by this recent wave. \"With the delta variant,\" she said, \"vaccinating more Americans now is more urgent than ever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+You+Need+To+Wear+A+Mask+Indoors+Where+You+Live%3F+Check+This+Map&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11881192\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final.png\" alt=\"A Mark Fiore cartoon showing two students with masks standing in front of a chalk board with mathematical style writing that looks confusing. X=face masks, V=vaccines, if V, then X=0, and similar equations. The cartoon's caption reads "Maskmatics."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-800x543.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-1020x692.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-160x109.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-1536x1042.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should students in California schools be required to wear face masks when in-person classes resume next month?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That depends \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreschoolmasks\">who you ask\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released guidelines last week that said fully vaccinated students and teachers do not need to wear face masks indoors but recommended keeping a distance of 3 feet to avoid spreading COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the California Department of Public Health announced that all students at K-12 public schools must wear masks — even if they are fully vaccinated — or risk being sent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an immediate uproar, health officials punted the enforcement portion of their mandate to local school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, this looks like another confusing patchwork of competing health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's a kid to do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11881192\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final.png\" alt=\"A Mark Fiore cartoon showing two students with masks standing in front of a chalk board with mathematical style writing that looks confusing. X=face masks, V=vaccines, if V, then X=0, and similar equations. The cartoon's caption reads "Maskmatics."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1302\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-800x543.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-1020x692.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-160x109.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/schoolmasks_071221_final-1536x1042.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should students in California schools be required to wear face masks when in-person classes resume next month?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That depends \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreschoolmasks\">who you ask\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released guidelines last week that said fully vaccinated students and teachers do not need to wear face masks indoors but recommended keeping a distance of 3 feet to avoid spreading COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the California Department of Public Health announced that all students at K-12 public schools must wear masks — even if they are fully vaccinated — or risk being sent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an immediate uproar, health officials punted the enforcement portion of their mandate to local school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, this looks like another confusing patchwork of competing health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's a kid to do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California regulators on Thursday approved revised workplace pandemic rules that allow employees who are fully vaccinated against the coronavirus the same freedoms as when they are off the job, including ending most mask requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revised regulations approved by the governor-appointed California Occupational Safety & Health Standards Board come after weeks of confusion. The rules adopted in a 5-1 vote now conform with general state guidelines that took effect Tuesday by ending most mask rules for vaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom immediately issued an executive order waiving the usual 10-day legal review. The new rules will take effect as soon as they are filed with the secretary of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a draft executive order ready to go immediately after they vote to make clarifications public and to provide more certainty,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules apply in almost every workplace in the state, including offices, factories and retailers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are intended to ensure that workers are protected while businesses resume normal or near-normal activity, Eric Berg, deputy chief of research and standards for California’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health, known as Cal/OSHA, told the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business groups had sought the changes, arguing that rules for businesses should conform with state guidelines patterned after the latest federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board member Laura Stock, an occupational safety expert who cast the lone opposition vote, said that even though people are tired of restrictions, the pandemic is not over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has real consequences that people can get sick and die due to exposure in the workplace,” Stock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the rules go too far by eliminating physical distancing and workplace partitions and allowing workers to self-report their vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitch Steiger, a legislative advocate for the California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO, similarly objected that the measures “essentially pretend that the pandemic is over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Thomas, the board’s chair, thanked who spoke in support or opposition to the rules and acknowledged that coming with up with latest iteration of the guidelines has not been easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do appreciate the time and concern and hours we’ve spent in these meetings to get to this conclusion, but I’d be remiss if I didn’t thank you guys, it’s a lot of work, and a lot of responsibility,” said Thomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More coverage\" tag=\"face-masks\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after the board did a double-twisting backflip in recent weeks when it first postponed, then rejected, then adopted, then rescinded rules that would have allowed workers to forgo masks only if every employee in a room was fully vaccinated against the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fully vaccinated employees will not need to wear masks, except in locations like mass transit and classrooms, where they are required for everyone, or in the event of outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical distancing also will end except for certain workers during major outbreaks. Vaccinated employees won’t need to be tested or quarantine unless they show symptoms, even if they have close contact with an infected person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers must document that workers who skip masks indoors are indeed fully vaccinated. But employers have the choice of requiring workers to show proof of vaccination or allowing employees to self-report their status, with the employer keeping a record of who does the latter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also could decide to require everyone to remain masked — vaccinated or not. And vaccinated employees will still be able to wear masks if they choose without facing retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office released a statement saying the workplace regulations, initially implemented in November 2020, “remain an important component of the state’s ongoing response, providing balanced worker protections that support California’s continued progress in recovering from the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, said the rules don’t fully conform to the state’s other standards. Others argued that they still will cause confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because of the requirement that employers provide masks and keep track of employees’ vaccination status, record-keeping that he and others said could create liability and privacy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do remain a significant barrier to fully reopening the economy,” Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Hansen, senior legislative director for the California Restaurant Association, said it is unrealistic to expect unvaccinated employees to remain masked until emergency work rules expire early next year, while others generally drop their face coverings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce took a milder approach, thanking Newsom for eliminating confusion by pledging to conform workplace rules with the state’s loosened pandemic precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes immediately ending social distancing obligations instead of waiting until July 31, as Cal/OSHA had initially proposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chamber also praised a rule change that will require employers to provide the most effective N95 masks for free to unvaccinated employees upon request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others objected that the rule still will require employers to stockpile masks and compete with health care workers, despite Newsom’s promise to provide a one-month supply of the masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were 700 California workplace outbreaks and more than 10,000 infections in the last 30 days, Cal/OSHA’s Berg said, but he said the N95s are the best alternative as other protections wane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Moutrie, a chamber of commerce policy advocate, called the latest proposal a “measured step” that opens too quickly for some businesses and not quickly enough for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”But we do think that this is a good step in that direction,” Moutrie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alex Hall contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after the board did a double-twisting backflip in recent weeks when it first postponed, then rejected, then adopted, then rescinded rules that would have allowed workers to forgo masks only if every employee in a room was fully vaccinated against the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fully vaccinated employees will not need to wear masks, except in locations like mass transit and classrooms, where they are required for everyone, or in the event of outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical distancing also will end except for certain workers during major outbreaks. Vaccinated employees won’t need to be tested or quarantine unless they show symptoms, even if they have close contact with an infected person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers must document that workers who skip masks indoors are indeed fully vaccinated. But employers have the choice of requiring workers to show proof of vaccination or allowing employees to self-report their status, with the employer keeping a record of who does the latter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also could decide to require everyone to remain masked — vaccinated or not. And vaccinated employees will still be able to wear masks if they choose without facing retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office released a statement saying the workplace regulations, initially implemented in November 2020, “remain an important component of the state’s ongoing response, providing balanced worker protections that support California’s continued progress in recovering from the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Lapsley, president of the California Business Roundtable, said the rules don’t fully conform to the state’s other standards. Others argued that they still will cause confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because of the requirement that employers provide masks and keep track of employees’ vaccination status, record-keeping that he and others said could create liability and privacy issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do remain a significant barrier to fully reopening the economy,” Lapsley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Hansen, senior legislative director for the California Restaurant Association, said it is unrealistic to expect unvaccinated employees to remain masked until emergency work rules expire early next year, while others generally drop their face coverings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce took a milder approach, thanking Newsom for eliminating confusion by pledging to conform workplace rules with the state’s loosened pandemic precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes immediately ending social distancing obligations instead of waiting until July 31, as Cal/OSHA had initially proposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chamber also praised a rule change that will require employers to provide the most effective N95 masks for free to unvaccinated employees upon request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others objected that the rule still will require employers to stockpile masks and compete with health care workers, despite Newsom’s promise to provide a one-month supply of the masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were 700 California workplace outbreaks and more than 10,000 infections in the last 30 days, Cal/OSHA’s Berg said, but he said the N95s are the best alternative as other protections wane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Moutrie, a chamber of commerce policy advocate, called the latest proposal a “measured step” that opens too quickly for some businesses and not quickly enough for others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”But we do think that this is a good step in that direction,” Moutrie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alex Hall contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There will be some happy grandparents after the \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecdcvaccines\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gave the OK\u003c/a> for vaccinated people to meet indoors with low-risk unvaccinated people from another household — without masks or social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of caveats and cautions are in the new \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html\">CDC guidelines\u003c/a> that ease social distancing recommendations for people who are now fully vaccinated, and more \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/cdc-recommendations-vaccinated-masks-limited/2021/03/08/a05353ac-804e-11eb-9ca6-54e187ee4939_story.html\">perks for being vaccinated\u003c/a> may be on the way soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people start to see the wonders of being vaccinated, let's hope that will give an incentive to more people to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now if we can just figure out the COVID-19 vaccine supply ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Add a new \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecolortierschools\">color-coded guide\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the long and convoluted list of tips, recommendations and demands for reopening California’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Never mind that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community/schools-childcare/Operational-Strategy-for-K-12-Schools-through-Phased-Mitigation.pdf\">CDC’s color tiers\u003c/a> are different from California’s similarly colorful \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/safer-economy/\">statewide tiers\u003c/a> for reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to boil down all the issues \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858457/as-battle-over-reopening-san-francisco-schools-turns-ugly-equity-emerges-as-fault-line\">swirling around reopening schools\u003c/a> into just four colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least we don’t have wildfire danger and air quality color coding to worry about right now … fingers crossed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Add a new \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecolortierschools\">color-coded guide\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the long and convoluted list of tips, recommendations and demands for reopening California’s schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Never mind that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community/schools-childcare/Operational-Strategy-for-K-12-Schools-through-Phased-Mitigation.pdf\">CDC’s color tiers\u003c/a> are different from California’s similarly colorful \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/safer-economy/\">statewide tiers\u003c/a> for reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to boil down all the issues \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858457/as-battle-over-reopening-san-francisco-schools-turns-ugly-equity-emerges-as-fault-line\">swirling around reopening schools\u003c/a> into just four colors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least we don’t have wildfire danger and air quality color coding to worry about right now … fingers crossed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How a National Health Crisis Fell on the Backs of Local Leaders",
"title": "How a National Health Crisis Fell on the Backs of Local Leaders",
"headTitle": "Center for Investigative Reporting | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported in collaboration with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED\u003c/a> in San Francisco and \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WLRN Public Media\u003c/a> of South Florida.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]n Friday, March 13, President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence stood in the White House Rose Garden to \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-conference-3/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declare\u003c/a> COVID-19 a national emergency. But the risk of the disease, Pence told the nation, remained low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want everybody taking this test; it’s totally unnecessary,” Trump assured Americans. “This will pass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,000 miles south of Washington, as if heeding their call, thousands of spring breakers had converged on Miami Beach. They played tug of war on the sand and snapped selfies by the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I get corona, I get corona,” one tourist from Ohio \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://news.yahoo.com/aint-serious-miami-spring-breakers-074801407.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told reporters\u003c/a>. “At the end of the day, I’m not gonna let it stop me from partying.” For them, the specter of the COVID-19 pandemic seemed very far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Trump, Florida’s Republican governor, Ron DeSantis, had downplayed the threat of COVID-19. Just a few days earlier, when Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s leading expert on the pandemic, had said Florida was experiencing community spread of the virus, DeSantis had retorted that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/11/feds-say-florida-has-community-spread-of-coronavirus-florida-disagrees/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it wasn’t true\u003c/a>. The governor also had \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/19/politics/florida-coronavirus-beaches/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">balked at closing the state’s beaches\u003c/a> to check the virus’ spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That weekend after Trump’s address, Miami Beach Mayor Dan Gelber took a stroll on Ocean Drive, a thoroughfare lined with palm trees and historic Art Deco buildings. He came to a sudden realization that not one person out of the thousands he saw was practicing social distancing. Without widespread testing, he thought, the virus could be silently spreading through his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hit Gelber: He had to close the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People eat at a restaurant along Ocean Drive on March 17, 2020 in Miami Beach, Florida. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825234\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825234\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St..jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Street in San Francisco’s Financial District is free of cars and pedestrians March 17. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At that point, I realized that I was not going to rely on the federal government to tell us what to do,” he said. “I obviously couldn’t rely on the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, Dr. Scott Morrow was experiencing his own day of dread. The veteran public health officer for San Mateo County, on California’s San Francisco Peninsula, Morrow had no proof that the virus was spreading. Medical testing supplies were maddeningly impossible to come by. But he had become convinced that the potentially deadly virus, which had first been noted in the area only six weeks before, was “spreading like wildfire under our noses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow feared that the entire San Francisco Bay Area, a region of more than 7 million people, would soon be “following Italy into the abyss,” with an exponential growth curve of infection and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Mateo County Health Officer Dr. Scott Morrow speaks during a March 16 press conference by public health directors in six San Francisco Bay Area counties. \u003ccite>(Dai Sugano/MediaNews Group/The Mercury News/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Worse, Morrow was running out of ideas for checking the contagion. Already, he had banned large public gatherings. The county’s schools were shutting down. Deeply frustrated, he recalled sending an email to county officials, warning them, “This is all I can do – I’m out of options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a rainy Sunday morning two days later, Morrow was awoken by a text message: Would he jump on a call with Dr. Tomás Aragón, the public health officer in San Francisco, and Dr. Sara Cody, the health officer of Santa Clara County in the hard-hit Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a day of calls that soon included county counsel, the officers converged on a radical consensus — to use their broad powers under California public health law in a way that had never been tried in the United States. To stop the spread of the disease, they would order the public to stay in their homes and shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what needed to be done,” Morrow said. Bay Area health officers announced vast shutdown orders the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow recalls feeling “scared shitless.” Would the public comply with shelter in place? And even if they did, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week and a half later, on March 26, the U.S. became the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text wp-exclude-emoji\">Blunting the Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At a congressional hearing in mid-May, a recently ousted federal health official pulled back the curtain on the colossal missteps that had undercut the federal response to the pandemic. Rick Bright had filed a whistleblower complaint charging that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/rick-bright-trump-hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he was removed\u003c/a> from his post as the deputy assistant secretary for preparedness and response at the Department of Health and Human Services when he urged the vetting of hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malaria drug Trump touted as a cure for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bright testified that he and several colleagues had warned the White House as early as January that the country was unprepared for a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We knew going into this pandemic that critical medical equipment would be in short supply,” he told \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/14/politics/coronavirus-whistleblower-testimony/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Congress on May 14\u003c/a>. “I was met with indifference, saying they were either too busy, they didn’t have a plan, they didn’t know who was responsible for procuring those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government not only had failed to secure critical supplies, such as ventilator masks and testing swabs, he said, but had failed to provide clear guidance to the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our population is being paralyzed by fear,” he said, “stemming from a lack of a coordinated response and a dearth of accurate, clear communication about the path forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825221\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825221\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Bright, a former deputy assistant secretary at the Department of Health and Human Services, testifies before a House subcommittee May 14. \u003ccite>(Shawn Thew/Pool via Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The testing shortages, in particular, hampered public health officials as they tried to confront the looming threat, said Dr. John Swartzberg, an epidemiologist with the joint medical program of the University of California, Berkeley\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and UC San Francisco. For epidemiologists, tests are “our eyes” in a pandemic, Swartzberg said, and the rollout was so badly botched that decision-makers were left in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, testing was delayed because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>chose to create its own test rather than partner with private labs. When the new CDC tests were finally ready, the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2020/04/04/coronavirus-government-dysfunction/?arc404=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agency failed\u003c/a> to ramp up production – and the tests themselves had technical defects. State labs had to send their samples to CDC headquarters in Atlanta, causing a long backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"States can do their own testing,” Trump would \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-briefing-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later say\u003c/a>. “We’re the federal government. We’re not supposed to stand on street corners doing testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Response to the pandemic in the global epicenter would be left to states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest states to be hit by the pandemic would face the toughest tests, forced to consider unprecedented decisions. Among the first states with confirmed cases — and confirmed deaths — were California and Florida, whose governors’ wildly different leadership styles influenced the states’ responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, ultimately followed the lead of local health officers and became the first in the nation to extend shelter-in-place orders to the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, issued only vague recommendations until late in the game, leaving\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local governments in charge of crucial decisions. He refused to close all of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the state’s beaches and delayed issuing a statewide stay-at-home order for weeks, until 36 states had already done so and Florida had surpassed 100 deaths. In a statement to Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, DeSantis spokesperson\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody McCloud said “the Governor’s Office worked with these mayors to ensure the needs of their counties were being met” as they made decisions early on in the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere was the federal government’s scattershot response to the pandemic — and the contrast between the two governors — on more vivid display than in the distinct fates of cruise ship outbreaks that ended up in California and Florida ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-bound liner, the 3,500-passenger Grand Princess, had one COVID-19 \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://abc7news.com/coronavirus-princess-cruise-san-francisco-grand-placer-county-death/5988195/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">death\u003c/a> and nearly two dozen other cases by the time it approached San Francisco Bay in early March. Trump had made clear that he wasn’t keen on the ship coming ashore, concerned it would inflate the nation’s COVID-19 caseload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825233\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise heads to the Port of Oakland, Calif., on March 9. At least 21 people aboard had tested positive for COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like the numbers being where they are,” \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2020/mar/07/i-like-the-numbers-being-where-they-are-trump-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he said\u003c/a> March 6. “I don’t need to have the numbers double because of one ship that wasn’t our fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom feared that if the ship docked in San Francisco, infection might sweep through the city. After prolonged consultations with the CDC, Pence’s coronavirus task force and other federal health officials, Newsom announced a plan: The Grand Princess would dock in Oakland, and U.S. passengers\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>would be put into quarantine at a cluster of military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida’s cruise ship crisis involved 1,200 passengers on two Holland America liners, the Zaandam and the Rotterdam. Some\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article241559956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 150 passengers\u003c/a> had developed flu-like symptoms by the time Port Everglades became the ships’ last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, DeSantis\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>left decision-making in the hands of a unified command of eight local and federal agencies. That team, as in California, included the CDC. But the outcome could not have been more different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 2, when the ships were allowed to dock, 13 seriously ill passengers and one crew member were taken to hospitals. Without being tested or quarantined, the other passengers headed for the airport, where they boarded chartered flights to such major cities as Atlanta, Toronto, London — and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinct pandemic responses in California and Florida were also shaped by the two states’ vastly different health infrastructures. While in California, counties have independent and highly autonomous health officers, Florida has a more centralized health department with branch offices in each county. The department largely \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">takes orders\u003c/a> from the governor. If the state’s leadership is slow, so is the department’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Department of Health officials declined an interview to discuss their pandemic response, noting in a statement only that their approach has been “strategic and methodical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal, in partnership with KQED in San Francisco and WLRN Public Media of South Florida, interviewed dozens of elected officials, public health officers, mayors, hospital directors and educators to provide an unprecedented look at how key decisions made by local officials ultimately saved lives as the Trump administration downplayed the threat of the virus in the early days of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stanley Marks\"]'My chief of infectious disease and my chief epidemiologist basically said that this will come. This will be a pandemic.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s governor had feared millions of coronavirus infections. Instead, the state’s case rate fell below the national average, and the death toll, according to information compiled by the CDC and the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation at the University of Washington, was far lower than initially feared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida also skirted the early disaster that some experts had feared. By late March, Florida’s case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rate began to overtake California’s, but the state’s hospital system was never overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bold action by local officials appears to have blunted the force of the pandemic in those crucial early weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first case — and the nation’s third — was confirmed Jan. 25, when an Orange County man who had recently traveled to Wuhan, China, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://mailchi.mp/ochca/novelcoronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was hospitalized\u003c/a>. But experts now believe that COVID-19 likely established itself weeks earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco’s Chinatown, began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan was building into a pandemic that would inevitably spread to the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in his \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/we-have-it-totally-under-control-a-timeline-of-president-donald-trumps-response-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first public comment\u003c/a> on the novel virus, had dismissed concerns, saying: “It’s one person coming in from China, and we have it under control. It’s going to be just fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zhang said she was alarmed by word from an old medical school classmate that a volunteer Chinese medical team was flying three hours to Wuhan before the Jan. 25 start of the Lunar New Year, China’s biggest holiday. “When you deploy a team like that and you have to leave on Chinese New Year’s Eve,” Zhang recalled thinking, “something must be really serious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-160x89.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-1020x565.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco, says that in late January, she began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan, China, would inevitably spread to the West Coast. \u003ccite>(CBS SF Bay Area)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outbreak was coming at a dangerous time. The Lunar New Year marks the largest human migration on earth, as hundreds of millions travel to visit family for the extended holiday. And Zhang knew there was direct air service between Wuhan and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m like, my God, it’s only 12 hours away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang decided to stock up on protective equipment for the hospital, including 2,000 ventilator\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>masks. But the masks\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>were back-ordered.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>She phoned the local official who represents Chinatown on the Board of Supervisors, Aaron Peskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will be a nightmare of yours and mine if we have the outbreak in Chinatown,” she told him. Zhang and Peskin pulled together a news conference Feb. 1 to warn of the coronavirus threat and urge Chinatown residents to reduce their risk of infection. Wash your hands, they repeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in Florida, a hospital just outside Fort Lauderdale was having its first brush with COVID-19. A woman visiting from a province near Wuhan showed up at a Memorial Healthcare System hospital with flu symptoms, sparking a flurry of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local coverage. She tested negative for COVID-19, but the incident was a wake-up call, prompting the hospital to dust off its pandemic preparedness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My chief of infectious disease and my chief epidemiologist basically said that this will come,” said Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stanley Marks. “This will be a pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Eerie Days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">For Dr. Sara Cody, health officer in California’s Santa Clara County, the weeks before COVID-19 were like driving in a dense fog. You knew there might be a cliff around the bend. But you couldn’t see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In January, she and her staff started reading up about “some unusual virus that was emerging in China,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the virus turned out to be, Cody thought it was headed her way: There’s a tremendous amount of routine air travel between Silicon Valley and Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I was thinking, you know, it’s likely we’re going to see this early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Feb. 3, Santa Clara County, home to San Jose, had confirmed two cases of COVID-19: Both patients had traveled to Wuhan. Cody declared a local public health emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then,” she recalled, “we had this eerie February, where we had no more cases reported, no more cases detected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weeks passed, Cody made reassuring public statements about COVID-19, to the point that some local officials complained that she was downplaying the risk. At one meeting, on Feb. 19, she said, “We don’t have any evidence still to date that the coronavirus is circulating in our county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825223\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sara Cody, health Officer of California’s Santa Clara County, speaks during a Feb. 28 press conference about the county’s third confirmed case of COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Yichuan Cao/Sipa via AP Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes, she was scrambling to track the virus’s spread. A health officer’s playbook for containing a pandemic begins with aggressive testing. In the case of COVID-19, the supply of tests was grossly inadequate — and the tests themselves were unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout February, Cody said her staff was desperately trying to run the new CDC tests in local laboratories, but they couldn’t make them work. So every sample had to be sent to the CDC for testing, and “there was this huge, long process to get a specimen to the CDC and get it back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the month of February was just strange, because you had the sense that probably something might be going on, but we didn’t know what it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 27, Dr. Scott Morrow of neighboring San Mateo County, Cody’s longtime colleague, wrote an extraordinarily blunt \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.smchealth.org/health-officer-orders-and-statements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the county’s 700,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 might become “a severe pandemic,” read the letter, posted on the county’s website. Everyone’s lives might be “significantly disrupted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ticked off a series of orders that might become necessary: social distancing. A ban on gatherings. Closing schools. Rationing critical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a difficult message to share,” he wrote, “but it is important to recognize how difficult the times ahead may be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, February was an extraordinarily quiet month when it came to the emerging world pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11823854\" label=\"Reopening: What You Need to Know\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/cheers.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first public rumblings about the virus came from the governor at a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article240695761.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Feb. 27 news conference\u003c/a>. DeSantis said there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state, then evaded questions from reporters about how many people had actually been tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I’m allowed to go into the numbers,” he said, citing a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0031.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> state law\u003c/a> that protects medical information of people undergoing “epidemiological investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article242844471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal experts\u003c/a> and lawmakers were quick to point out that the law allowed the state to share aggregate numbers during a public health crisis. “It was a complete firewall of information,” said state Sen. Jose Javier Rodriguez, a Miami Democrat. “They say they can’t, when in reality they won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rodriguez was in Tallahassee for the legislative session, he asked for a meeting with the state Department of Health to discuss COVID-19 testing and preparedness. Medical experts were already encouraging elbow bumps in lieu of handshakes to prevent infection. So he was stunned when the health officials arrived at his office and one tried to shake his hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really did feel like Chicken Little,” Rodriguez said. “This is a real thing. They’re not telling us if it’s here or if it’s coming. And the first person at the first meeting I’m having about this is trying to shake my hand. And I was like, what’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, on March 1, DeSantis confirmed the state’s first two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the start, Gov. Gavin Newsom was the telegenic face of California’s fight against the pandemic. His earnest, information-packed \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press conferences\u003c/a>, some lasting as long as an hour, were live-streamed and often dominated local evening news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians liked what they saw: By April, Newsom’s approval rating had increased by an astonishing 41 points, to 83%, FiveThirtyEight \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/most-americans-like-how-their-governor-is-handling-the-coronavirus-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>. After he made an appearance on Rachel Maddow’s MSNBC show, the hashtag #PresidentNewsom briefly trended \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://account.sacbee.com/paywall/stop?resume=241860561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were missteps: Newsom was slow to acknowledge problems with COVID-19 testing — at one point, California had a backlog of 60,000 tests, reportedly the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/california-coronavirus-tests-backlog-unprocessed-2020-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> worst in the country\u003c/a> — and for a time, like Trump, he insisted, despite all evidence, that testing was readily available. (Newsom later acknowledged a problem — “I own that,” he said — and\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-test-backlog-delays-newsom-announces-ramp-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> promised to improve\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the governor took action only after local officials had cleared the way. That first became apparent in connection with one of his earliest attempts to check the virus — the March 11 ban on large gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825257\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks to reporters March 12 about the state’s response to the pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As COVID-19 gathered steam in the early days of March, health officers in the Bay Area started rolling out strategies to disrupt its spread. At first, this amounted only to strongly worded guidance.\u003cbr>\nIn a March 5 letter, Dr. Scott Morrow urged San Mateo County residents to practice social distancing and cancel nonessential gatherings. “This is not business as usual,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, San Francisco Mayor London Breed issued her own recommendations \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/san-francisco-department-public-health-announces-aggressive-recommendations-reduce-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">discouraging large gatherings\u003c/a>. In Santa Clara County, Dr. Sara Cody did the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Silicon Valley, the giants of the tech industry responded in force, asking tens of thousands of employees to\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8082517/Microsoft-Facebook-embrace-home-working-amid-coronavirus-crisis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> work from home\u003c/a>. Among them were such powerhouses as Facebook, Google, Apple, Twitter, Salesforce and LinkedIn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the health officers learned, not every business was willing to voluntarily follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose’s NHL team, the Sharks, and San Francisco’s NBA team, the Golden State Warriors, both continued to play games — potentially allowing the virus to spread among their thousands of fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Playing those games was “the worst thing you could do in the face of the pandemic,” said Dr. John Swartzberg, the UC epidemiologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers countered by issuing orders banning large gatherings altogether, shutting the sports teams down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was two days after Santa Clara announced its ban that Newsom followed suit by \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/11/california-public-health-experts-mass-gatherings-should-be-postponed-or-canceled-statewide-to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issuing one statewide\u003c/a>. That became the pattern: Local officials would issue tough orders, and the governor would expand on what they did. On the difficult matter\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>of closing public schools, for example, educators said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the governor flatly refused to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts knew that public schools were a potential breeding ground for the virus. One infected child could pass on the virus to dozens of classmates, teachers and family members. Closing schools was an obvious way to limit viral transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officials also recognized that school closings would send a ripple of pain through every community. Working families would have to arrange child care or give up jobs. Grandparents — among the most vulnerable to serious illness from COVID-19 — would wind up taking care of kids. The logistics of reaching families in need of school meal programs would be formidable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while, the downside of closing schools outweighed the benefits, as Cody put it. But early in March, starting with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2020/03/07/family-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-elk-grove-district-closes-schools-next-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elk Grove\u003c/a> in suburban Sacramento, individual districts in California began to close schools\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>when students or parents were diagnosed with COVID-19. In San Francisco, Superintendent Vincent Matthews shut down 2,900-student Lowell High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, March 9, the governor met with school superintendents in the State Capitol. Matthews drove\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the 90 miles\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>to Sacramento, he recalled, “to find out whether he was going to close schools or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom wouldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was emphatic about that,” Matthews said, “that he was not going to close schools. He just said it was a local decision and he was going to let local districts make the call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, Matthews decided to act swiftly. He consulted the county health officer, Dr. Tomás Aragón, and held an emergency meeting of the school board. On Thursday, March 12, he announced that\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about/news/current-news/schools-will-close-students-3-weeks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> all schools in his district would close\u003c/a>. “We just determined that, you know, we needed to slow things down,” Matthews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11824758\" label=\"Impacts on Bay Area Transit\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS42564_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Muni_04062020-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/california-k-12-schools-closed-due-to-the-coronavirus/624984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wave\u003c/a> of other districts — including Los Angeles, with more than 700,000 students — followed San Francisco and shut down schools. Only then did the governor issue an \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.13.20-EO-N-26-20-Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">order\u003c/a> guaranteeing that districts that closed because of the pandemic would still receive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>state funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As life in California was grinding to a halt, Florida’s social and political life mostly went on undisturbed. In early March, state lawmakers still greeted each other with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/do-florida-lawmakers-take-coronavirus-seriously-ask-when-they-stop-hugging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bear hugs\u003c/a> in the State Capitol. Tourists still crowded Disney World and Universal Studios. The \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article240915331.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Winter Party Festival\u003c/a>, an annual LGBTQ event in Miami Beach, drew thousands of partygoers, some of whom \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article242034896.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later died\u003c/a> of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But slowly, the first signs of a disturbance to Florida life emerged. Miami officials postponed the electronic dance music event Ultra Music Festival, despite \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/downtown-miami/article240878956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protests\u003c/a> by ticket holders on social media. As\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Florida’s\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>presidential primary neared, older poll workers concerned about getting exposed to the virus started to drop out, local elections officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began receiving calls from people saying, ‘I’m not going to show up,’” said Peter Antonacci, Broward County’s elections supervisor. “‘I’m afraid of the virus.’ So we knew then that we had an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of guidance from federal and state officials, some local businesses took their own steps to protect their customers. Ruth Ann Bradley, who runs a yoga studio in Cooper City, near Fort Lauderdale, had been concerned about COVID-19 for days. She’d followed along on Facebook as yoga studios in California were closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began extra cleaning precautions in early March. She and her students wiped down their yoga mats and she steam-cleaned props between classes. She encouraged everyone to use hand sanitizer and wash their hands frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time, Bradley thought, before the virus swept across South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Shelter in Place\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">By Friday, March 13, the lives of millions of Californians had been disrupted to fight the pandemic. But the virus’s spread still seemed to be accelerating, and San Mateo County’s Dr. Scott Morrow began to fear that the Bay Area might be “only one or two weeks behind Italy.” There, the surge in COVID-19 cases had overwhelmed the nation’s health care system — and its morgues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More needed to be done, Morrow believed. But as a local health officer battling a worldwide pandemic, he was “out of options,” as he wrote to county officials. Further measures would have to come from the state or federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Mayor London Breed said she too had concluded that more drastic action was needed: Her city of nearly 900,000 people would have to shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt strongly that the sooner we get there, the faster we can hopefully get out of there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over that weekend, Breed said she “reached out to the governor,” telling him that shutting down the city was “what we need to do.” Newsom “didn’t want me to go out there and do it on my own,” Breed said. “He wanted us to collaborate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so on Sunday, Breed’s health officer, Aragón, got on the phone with his counterparts\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody and Morrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announces a shelter-in-place order March 16. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area health officers had been collaborating on regional health crises since the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. They knew that state laws allow them to “take any action that you need to take to stop disease,” as Morrow put it. “They’re kind of brilliantly written. They kind of take politics out of the mix.” At one time or another, all had used those broad powers. But typically, the target was one person — a tuberculosis patient who needed to be quarantined, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the officers were contemplating an order quarantining an entire region — both the healthy and the sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like COVID-19 itself, their discussion moved rapidly. Only two days before, when Cody had banned large gatherings in Silicon Valley, the order had struck her as “so monumental and so difficult and having such profound impact,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never did I imagine that 48 hours later, I would have come as far as thinking that we actually needed to completely shut things down and shelter in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow called the process “otherworldly, literally otherworldly. … It did not seem in the realms of this world.” But somehow, by that evening, they had crafted the unprecedented shelter-in-place order. Health officers from four other counties signed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed, on the county health officers\"]'They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong. The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s striking how absent state officials were from the deliberations. Morrow said none of the health officials alerted Gov. Gavin Newsom or other elected officials and their input was not sought. Cody said she couldn’t remember distinctly, but thought that somebody must have at least looped in the governor via the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Breed recalled telling the governor of her plan to lock down San Francisco; by her account, he preferred joint action by local officials. The governor’s office declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers of six counties \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806988/sheltering-in-place-what-you-need-to-know\">announced shelter in place\u003c/a> that Monday, March 16, at a joint news conference in the city of Santa Clara. Breed announced San Francisco’s closure herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong,” Breed said of the county health officers. “The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions may not have been coordinated with the governor, but they appear to have\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>sent a message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, Newsom appeared deeply worried about COVID-19. He wrote a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.18.20-Letter-USNS-Mercy-Hospital-Ship.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> letter to Trump\u003c/a>, saying the state projected that 25.5 million Californians could become infected with the virus over the next eight weeks — a startlingly high figure that implied hundreds of thousands might die. Newsom’s aides later walked back the number, calling it a worst-case scenario that didn’t factor in efforts to fight the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, California mayors —including Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles and Sam Liccardo of San Jose — were urgently lobbying the governor for a statewide shelter-in-place order. “If we didn’t have a uniform set of rules, then we would all just have our communities getting reinfected,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The normally choked 110 Freeway heading into downtown Los Angeles on March 20, the day after California Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statewide stay-at-home order. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On March 19, two days after the Bay Area shutdown orders went into effect, Newsom extended them to the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.19.20-attested-EO-N-33-20-COVID-19-HEALTH-ORDER.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entire state\u003c/a>. Effective immediately, nearly 40 million residents were ordered to stay at home except when conducting essential business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, with\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>19\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>confirmed deaths, was the first state to take this drastic measure. Without the ability to test and trace, it was arguably the only effective means of checking the spread of the pandemic. Over the next four days,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>eight other states shut down. Florida held off 15 more days, until April 3, when it became the 37th state to mandate shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said he was taking his lead from the White House: “It makes sense to make this move now. I did consult with folks in the White House about it. I did talk to the president about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump had long insisted that the nation would be \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/24/politics/trump-easter-economy-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">back to normal by Easter\u003c/a>; by the end of March, he finally conceded\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>that was “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85678\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just an aspiration\u003c/a>” after extending federal COVID-19 guidelines, which encouraged older people and those who feel sick to stay home, for another 30 days. DeSantis called that decision a “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-stay-at-home-order.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">national pause button\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With contradictory signals coming from Washington, all eyes were on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Francisco announced its shelter-in-place order, Breed recalls telling several mayors that they should shut down their cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, people probably thought I was overreacting just a little bit,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City of Miami Mayor Francis Suarez was one of the mayors who immediately\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>got on the phone with Breed in mid-March. The two are close, and Suarez took her advice seriously. He wanted to issue a shelter-in-place order in Miami, but the path forward was less clear than in the Bay Area, where the health officers enjoy extraordinary autonomy. Miami’s city attorney didn’t think Suarez or the city manager had the legal power to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to put a lot of internal pressure on our city attorney with our commissioners to get her to agree to it,” Suarez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fort Lauderdale, 30 miles north of Miami, City Manager Chris Lagerbloom also was in touch with his counterparts in California. They had been grappling with the virus for longer. Lagerbloom asked them: \"What do you wish you knew at our stage in the game?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer was a resounding, ‘Don’t\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>wait for it to get worse before you decide to take action,’” he said. “It was one of those times where that sank in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis was not yet ready to hit pause\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">. \u003c/strong>He insisted on going forward with the state’s March 17 presidential primary. “We’re definitely voting. They voted during the Civil War,” DeSantis said at the time. Canceling it, he said, “would have really sent a signal about panic. And I don’t think that’s the signal that you want to send.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although he recommended postponing or\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/mass-gatherings-in-florida-should-be-postponed-to-stop-coronavirus-spread-desantis-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> canceling mass gatherings\u003c/a>, he didn’t issue orders to ban them outright. By the second weekend of March, business and political leaders began to shut down South Florida. Miami-Dade County officials canceled the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/west-miami-dade/article241125471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual Youth Fair\u003c/a> hours before it was scheduled to open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11818312\" label=\"Where to Find Free Testing\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/HaywardCoronavirusTesting-1020x664.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the Firestone Grand Prix in southwest Florida postponed the race. Disney shut down its parks. At Magic Kingdom, Mickey Mouse and a menagerie of other Disney characters waved at the crowds one last time before the park shut its massive gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts, following California, began shutting down. “We started paying attention to it when [COVID-19] impacted the West Coast in particular,” said Broward County\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Superintendent Robert Runcie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Runcie and his deputies met regularly to go over the district’s COVID-19 preparedness plan starting in February. Beyond protecting his staff and students, Runcie realized that he would need to coordinate any school closures with other South Florida superintendents. What happened in his district would inevitably affect neighboring ones, because many Broward County residents worked at Miami-Dade schools and some Broward school employees lived in Palm Beach County. The three superintendents began to confer, Runcie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all connected,” Runcie said. “So you make a decision in one district, it’s going to have ramifications in the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, March 13, all three districts announced they would close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the beach, spring break\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>raged on through the weekend — until the Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale mayors took the extraordinary step on Sunday afternoon of announcing that their beaches would close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida is known to shut down beaches for one reason: a hurricane. Daniel Stermer, mayor of Weston and then-president of the Broward League of Cities, said he was blindsided by Fort Lauderdale’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rest of us sort of went, ‘What did you just do? You didn’t discuss that with us,’” Stermer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale beaches emptied out, nearby coastal mayors scrambled to impose their own closures as spring breakers searched for new places to party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spring breakers party on Pompano Beach, Fla., on March 17. \u003ccite>(Julio Cortez/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Key Biscayne, Mayor Michael Davey quickly noticed a rush on the grocery stores in his beach town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re obviously going to the beach,” he said. “They’re in bathing suits and they’re getting their beer and they’re getting their hot dogs and they’re getting all their stuff and they’re buying the coolers. And I’m saying, ‘Well, this isn’t good.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key Biscayne soon closed its beaches. So did Hollywood, where Mayor Josh Levy anticipated that spring breakers would descend on his city. “We needed to take decisive and immediate action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, the governor continued his hands-off approach. He banned gatherings larger than 10 people at beaches, but left much of the rest up to local governments. A DeSantis spokesman told Reveal that beaches weren’t closed statewide “because a one-size-fits-all approach was not the right model for Florida.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a mother just walking down the beach with her daughter, I think that can be done safely,” DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.mysuncoast.com/2020/03/24/desantis-cracking-down-travelers-hotspots-will-require-them-self-quarantine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>. “That is much different than doing a Jell-O shot off somebody’s stomach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Dan Gelber, Miami Beach’s mayor, said beaches should have closed sooner. The COVID-19 numbers may have been low, but who knew what that meant without widespread testing. The virus had likely already spread undetected. Miami Beach was the first to close its beach, he said, “and still, we were very late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Cascade of Orders\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After the beach closures came a wave of aggressive local action, as cities and towns across South Florida issued stay-at-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In Broward, officials from the county’s 31 municipalities scrambled to coordinate their orders, said Chris Lagerbloom, the Fort Lauderdale city manager. He was among three city managers who joined forces to draft a list of recommendations and deliver them to the rest of the cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">Local leaders\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>went their own way on some issues. Some instituted their own curfews. Others classified active construction projects as essential businesses. But all ultimately came out with stay-at-home orders of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">“It was really neat to watch,” Lagerbloom said, “because I didn’t think it was possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After several cities had issued their orders, Miami-Dade and Broward counties \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article241535856.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told residents to stay home\u003c/a> March 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows a deserted stretch of sand in Miami Beach, Fla., on March 20. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some residents had already taken action. At her Cooper City\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>yoga studio\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">,\u003c/strong> in Broward County, Ruth Ann Bradley said she felt exhausted from disinfecting her entire studio after each class. She worried about the safety of her students. Her larger classes could accommodate up to 20 at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just kind of saw the writing on the wall,” Bradley said. “I can’t go through another week of all this cleaning if I’m basically going to be closing anyway. And it just seemed like the right thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 15, a week before Broward County issued its order closing nonessential businesses, she sent a notice to her students: The studio would close,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and classes would be offered via Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/05/10/how-florida-slowed-coronavirus-everyone-stayed-home-before-they-were-told-to/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tampa Bay Times analysis\u003c/a> of cellphone tracking data found that Bradley was not alone: In every county in the state, people had begun staying home well before county and state orders were issued. By the time the governor finally ordered residents to stay home, nearly half of the state’s counties had already seen a 50% decline in activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis, who had been loath to intervene early on, issued a series of orders in March, ordering international travelers to self-quarantine, discouraging mass gatherings and barring visitors from nursing homes. He also ordered 1 million doses of hydroxychloroquine following Trump’s praise of the anti-malaria drug as a treatment for COVID-19. (\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/drug-promoted-by-trump-as-coronavirus-game-changer-increasingly-linked-to-deaths/2020/05/15/85d024fe-96bd-11ea-9f5e-56d8239bf9ad_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies\u003c/a> later established that it was dangerous for COVID-19 patients.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wfla.com/community/health/coronavirus/florida-lawmakers-sign-letter-urging-desantis-to-issue-statewide-stay-at-home-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuffed calls\u003c/a> for a statewide stay-at-home order, arguing that a uniform approach wouldn’t be appropriate, given that some counties had very few cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You simply cannot lock down our society indefinitely with no end in sight,” he \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlIR7JMoaj8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> at a March 23 press conference. “And when people say that we may do this for seven to nine months, I can tell you that is not sustainable. That is not something that this society would accept.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825225\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks during a March 30 news conference in a parking lot being used as a COVID-19 testing center. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When his stay-at-home order landed April 1, the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-91-compressed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 34-page executive order\u003c/a> listed religious services as essential and thus exempt from the shutdown. Two Broward County mayors, Weston’s Daniel Stermer and city of Sunrise Mayor Michael Ryan, fired off emails to DeSantis’ office asking the governor to reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based upon proven science, these large gatherings are jeopardizing the health, safety and welfare,” Ryan wrote. “As a result, we feel very strongly not only can we restrict access, we have an obligation to do so based upon the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Jacquot, the governor’s general counsel, responded that DeSantis’ order allowed cities to restrict churches if they chose. Ryan wasn’t satisfied. The order, he wrote, “explicitly invalidates our local orders. We are going to run into conflict with those who do not want to comply.” A subsequent email exchange indicates that Stermer’s city attorney would call Jacquot to talk things through.\u003cbr>\nBy the time the state order went into effect, Florida’s reported coronavirus death toll had topped 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Flattening the Curve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">At first, it was not at all clear whether Californians would comply with Gov. Gavin Newsom’s pathbreaking shelter-in-place order. The weekend after it went into effect, Venice Beach in Los Angeles was mobbed, and the governor was irked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those young people are still out there on the beaches thinking it’s time to party,” Newsom said at a news conference. “It’s time to grow up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The normally secluded beaches of San Mateo County, south of San Francisco, “looked like Waikiki,” complained Dr. Scott Morrow, the county health officer. And he had noticed other signs of noncompliance\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> —\u003c/strong> large picnics and outdoor sports. Morrow called out\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the scofflaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Santa Clara County’s Dr. Sara Cody\"]'What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites. We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decide you want to do your own thing and follow your own rules, you disrespect us all,” he wrote in an open letter. “You spit in our face, and you will contribute to the death toll that will follow.”\u003cbr>\nAs days passed, compliance improved. The experts’ worst fears — that, like Italy, California’s hospitals would be overwhelmed with gravely ill patients — had been staved off, for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites,” said Santa Clara County’s Dr. Sara Cody, referring to temporary facilities that could house patients once Bay Area hospitals were full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming,” she\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>said. “We had our mass fatality plans reviewed and revised. And then, of course, our shelter in place helped to really slow things down. And our hospitals never saw that surge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s statewide shutdown order appears to have gotten traction: In the weeks that followed, California suffered far less from the pandemic than other states, with both case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rates and death rates below the national average, despite the state having been host to the first confirmed case of community transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing data also suggests the profound impact of those early Bay Area shelter-in-place orders: The Bay Area’s curve flattened quickly and dramatically after the shutdown and continued to plateau even as the number of COVID-19 cases in the rest of the state rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-1020x787.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same pattern was visible to a lesser extent in Florida, where officials in Miami-Dade and Broward counties mobilized quickly while Gov. Ron\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>DeSantis embraced a laissez-faire approach. Just as in California, their decisions made a difference. By late\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>April, confirmed cases in those counties began to drop as other Florida counties reported an increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825230\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-160x121.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-1020x770.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the limited testing data makes it difficult to draw conclusions, the flattened\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>curves in Florida and California “emphasize the point that early action makes a difference,” said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Dr.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Marissa Levine, director of the Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice at the University of South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/em>In both states, we know that local leaders acted before state leaders did,” she said. “To some degree, we’re seeing that reflected in the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April 20, the day Florida’s task force for reopening \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2020/04/20/governors-task-force-to-reopen-florida-will-make-recommendations-this-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first convened\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>California was\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>reporting 86\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>cases per 100,000 residents, and Florida, 126. New York, the nation’s epicenter, had 1,293.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida is not doing great,” Dr. John Swartzberg, the California epidemiologist, said in early May, before Florida began to reopen, \u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/strong>but it’s doing a lot better than I thought it would be given their really poor judgment, and a governor who doesn’t understand public health\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut we may never know the full cost of DeSantis’ delays. Cellphone tracking data showed that Fort Lauderdale spring breakers \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/tech/location-tracking-florida-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dispersed\u003c/a> to locales across the country, including to New York City, which would soon be overwhelmed. Nor can we know just how far the nation might have plunged into the COVID-19 abyss if California leaders had failed to take bold actions early on, clearing the way for elected officials elsewhere to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Marissa Levine, director of the Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice at the University of South Florida\"]'The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward. To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really critical to set a standard,” Levine said, referring to California. “Clearly, somebody had to go first. That always helps others make decisions a little more readily.” And California’s decision, she points out, built on Wuhan’s, where officials instituted a massive shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, officials in both states faced dilemmas triggered by the lack of federal leadership — and the inability to conduct widespread testing. The testing shortage not only hampered early decision-making, but it also robbed local health officials of traditional tools such as testing and contact tracing and forced them to consider drastic, unprecedented measures such as shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward,” Levine said. “To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such standardization would hinge on a strong testing infrastructure that, five months into the U.S. pandemic, is still not in place. Without it, states are still largely\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>in the dark as they take steps to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, resistant to aggressive testing from the start, has yet to embrace it as a linchpin of restarting the economy. Just three weeks after the U.S. became the global epicenter of the pandemic, the Trump administration released its \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/4/16/21224405/opening-up-america-again-trump-coronavirus-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines for reopening\u003c/a>, called “Opening Up America Again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That next week in Florida, DeSantis launched his\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Re-Open Florida Task Force. None of the executive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>committee members are medical doctors or epidemiologists. Instead, it’s packed with leaders of the state’s largest corporations. Thanks to their guidance, South Florida has begun to loosen restrictions, allowing businesses to open at a reduced capacity and reopening the beaches that are the engine of Florida’s tourism industry. Disney World plans to reopen next month. Schools \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2020/06/11/gov-ron-desantis-announces-plan-for-reopening-florida-schools/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_content=%40TB_Tmes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may reopen\u003c/a> in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As restrictions unravel, COVID-19 numbers have already begun to surge in Florida. On Tuesday, the state recorded its highest number of reported cases in a single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine worries about the public abandoning safety measures as they emerge from strict shelter-in-place orders from the early days of the pandemic. “A lot of people think we did what we needed to do, and now we just need to go back to the way it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the wrong message, unfortunately,” Levine said. “I think we may pay the price as we watch cases go up here in Florida and around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__color_26115_custom_color_3\">\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">This story was edited by Esther Kaplan, Soo Oh, Jen Chien and Matt Thompson\u003c/em> \u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">and copy edited by Nikki Frick. \u003c/em>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">Editors Terence Shepherd and Alicia Zuckerman from WLRN and Julia B. Chan and Ethan Toven-Lindsey from KQED contributed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "With a leadership vacuum in Washington, the Bay Area’s shelter-in-place orders led the nation’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.",
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"description": "With a leadership vacuum in Washington, the Bay Area’s shelter-in-place orders led the nation’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/lance-williams/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lance Williams\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/laura-morel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laura C. Morel\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/mlagos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marisa Lagos\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/people/caitie-switalski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caitie Switalski\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/melissa-lewis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Melissa Lewis\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/emily-harris/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emily Harris",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported in collaboration with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED\u003c/a> in San Francisco and \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WLRN Public Media\u003c/a> of South Florida.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n Friday, March 13, President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence stood in the White House Rose Garden to \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-conference-3/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declare\u003c/a> COVID-19 a national emergency. But the risk of the disease, Pence told the nation, remained low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want everybody taking this test; it’s totally unnecessary,” Trump assured Americans. “This will pass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,000 miles south of Washington, as if heeding their call, thousands of spring breakers had converged on Miami Beach. They played tug of war on the sand and snapped selfies by the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I get corona, I get corona,” one tourist from Ohio \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://news.yahoo.com/aint-serious-miami-spring-breakers-074801407.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told reporters\u003c/a>. “At the end of the day, I’m not gonna let it stop me from partying.” For them, the specter of the COVID-19 pandemic seemed very far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Trump, Florida’s Republican governor, Ron DeSantis, had downplayed the threat of COVID-19. Just a few days earlier, when Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s leading expert on the pandemic, had said Florida was experiencing community spread of the virus, DeSantis had retorted that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/11/feds-say-florida-has-community-spread-of-coronavirus-florida-disagrees/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it wasn’t true\u003c/a>. The governor also had \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/19/politics/florida-coronavirus-beaches/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">balked at closing the state’s beaches\u003c/a> to check the virus’ spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That weekend after Trump’s address, Miami Beach Mayor Dan Gelber took a stroll on Ocean Drive, a thoroughfare lined with palm trees and historic Art Deco buildings. He came to a sudden realization that not one person out of the thousands he saw was practicing social distancing. Without widespread testing, he thought, the virus could be silently spreading through his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hit Gelber: He had to close the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People eat at a restaurant along Ocean Drive on March 17, 2020 in Miami Beach, Florida. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825234\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825234\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St..jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Street in San Francisco’s Financial District is free of cars and pedestrians March 17. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At that point, I realized that I was not going to rely on the federal government to tell us what to do,” he said. “I obviously couldn’t rely on the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, Dr. Scott Morrow was experiencing his own day of dread. The veteran public health officer for San Mateo County, on California’s San Francisco Peninsula, Morrow had no proof that the virus was spreading. Medical testing supplies were maddeningly impossible to come by. But he had become convinced that the potentially deadly virus, which had first been noted in the area only six weeks before, was “spreading like wildfire under our noses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow feared that the entire San Francisco Bay Area, a region of more than 7 million people, would soon be “following Italy into the abyss,” with an exponential growth curve of infection and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Mateo County Health Officer Dr. Scott Morrow speaks during a March 16 press conference by public health directors in six San Francisco Bay Area counties. \u003ccite>(Dai Sugano/MediaNews Group/The Mercury News/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Worse, Morrow was running out of ideas for checking the contagion. Already, he had banned large public gatherings. The county’s schools were shutting down. Deeply frustrated, he recalled sending an email to county officials, warning them, “This is all I can do – I’m out of options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a rainy Sunday morning two days later, Morrow was awoken by a text message: Would he jump on a call with Dr. Tomás Aragón, the public health officer in San Francisco, and Dr. Sara Cody, the health officer of Santa Clara County in the hard-hit Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a day of calls that soon included county counsel, the officers converged on a radical consensus — to use their broad powers under California public health law in a way that had never been tried in the United States. To stop the spread of the disease, they would order the public to stay in their homes and shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what needed to be done,” Morrow said. Bay Area health officers announced vast shutdown orders the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow recalls feeling “scared shitless.” Would the public comply with shelter in place? And even if they did, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week and a half later, on March 26, the U.S. became the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text wp-exclude-emoji\">Blunting the Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At a congressional hearing in mid-May, a recently ousted federal health official pulled back the curtain on the colossal missteps that had undercut the federal response to the pandemic. Rick Bright had filed a whistleblower complaint charging that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/rick-bright-trump-hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he was removed\u003c/a> from his post as the deputy assistant secretary for preparedness and response at the Department of Health and Human Services when he urged the vetting of hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malaria drug Trump touted as a cure for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bright testified that he and several colleagues had warned the White House as early as January that the country was unprepared for a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We knew going into this pandemic that critical medical equipment would be in short supply,” he told \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/14/politics/coronavirus-whistleblower-testimony/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Congress on May 14\u003c/a>. “I was met with indifference, saying they were either too busy, they didn’t have a plan, they didn’t know who was responsible for procuring those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government not only had failed to secure critical supplies, such as ventilator masks and testing swabs, he said, but had failed to provide clear guidance to the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our population is being paralyzed by fear,” he said, “stemming from a lack of a coordinated response and a dearth of accurate, clear communication about the path forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825221\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825221\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Bright, a former deputy assistant secretary at the Department of Health and Human Services, testifies before a House subcommittee May 14. \u003ccite>(Shawn Thew/Pool via Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The testing shortages, in particular, hampered public health officials as they tried to confront the looming threat, said Dr. John Swartzberg, an epidemiologist with the joint medical program of the University of California, Berkeley\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and UC San Francisco. For epidemiologists, tests are “our eyes” in a pandemic, Swartzberg said, and the rollout was so badly botched that decision-makers were left in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, testing was delayed because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>chose to create its own test rather than partner with private labs. When the new CDC tests were finally ready, the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2020/04/04/coronavirus-government-dysfunction/?arc404=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agency failed\u003c/a> to ramp up production – and the tests themselves had technical defects. State labs had to send their samples to CDC headquarters in Atlanta, causing a long backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"States can do their own testing,” Trump would \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-briefing-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later say\u003c/a>. “We’re the federal government. We’re not supposed to stand on street corners doing testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Response to the pandemic in the global epicenter would be left to states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest states to be hit by the pandemic would face the toughest tests, forced to consider unprecedented decisions. Among the first states with confirmed cases — and confirmed deaths — were California and Florida, whose governors’ wildly different leadership styles influenced the states’ responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, ultimately followed the lead of local health officers and became the first in the nation to extend shelter-in-place orders to the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, issued only vague recommendations until late in the game, leaving\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local governments in charge of crucial decisions. He refused to close all of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the state’s beaches and delayed issuing a statewide stay-at-home order for weeks, until 36 states had already done so and Florida had surpassed 100 deaths. In a statement to Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, DeSantis spokesperson\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody McCloud said “the Governor’s Office worked with these mayors to ensure the needs of their counties were being met” as they made decisions early on in the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere was the federal government’s scattershot response to the pandemic — and the contrast between the two governors — on more vivid display than in the distinct fates of cruise ship outbreaks that ended up in California and Florida ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-bound liner, the 3,500-passenger Grand Princess, had one COVID-19 \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://abc7news.com/coronavirus-princess-cruise-san-francisco-grand-placer-county-death/5988195/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">death\u003c/a> and nearly two dozen other cases by the time it approached San Francisco Bay in early March. Trump had made clear that he wasn’t keen on the ship coming ashore, concerned it would inflate the nation’s COVID-19 caseload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825233\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise heads to the Port of Oakland, Calif., on March 9. At least 21 people aboard had tested positive for COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like the numbers being where they are,” \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2020/mar/07/i-like-the-numbers-being-where-they-are-trump-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he said\u003c/a> March 6. “I don’t need to have the numbers double because of one ship that wasn’t our fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom feared that if the ship docked in San Francisco, infection might sweep through the city. After prolonged consultations with the CDC, Pence’s coronavirus task force and other federal health officials, Newsom announced a plan: The Grand Princess would dock in Oakland, and U.S. passengers\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>would be put into quarantine at a cluster of military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida’s cruise ship crisis involved 1,200 passengers on two Holland America liners, the Zaandam and the Rotterdam. Some\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article241559956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 150 passengers\u003c/a> had developed flu-like symptoms by the time Port Everglades became the ships’ last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, DeSantis\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>left decision-making in the hands of a unified command of eight local and federal agencies. That team, as in California, included the CDC. But the outcome could not have been more different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 2, when the ships were allowed to dock, 13 seriously ill passengers and one crew member were taken to hospitals. Without being tested or quarantined, the other passengers headed for the airport, where they boarded chartered flights to such major cities as Atlanta, Toronto, London — and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinct pandemic responses in California and Florida were also shaped by the two states’ vastly different health infrastructures. While in California, counties have independent and highly autonomous health officers, Florida has a more centralized health department with branch offices in each county. The department largely \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">takes orders\u003c/a> from the governor. If the state’s leadership is slow, so is the department’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Department of Health officials declined an interview to discuss their pandemic response, noting in a statement only that their approach has been “strategic and methodical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal, in partnership with KQED in San Francisco and WLRN Public Media of South Florida, interviewed dozens of elected officials, public health officers, mayors, hospital directors and educators to provide an unprecedented look at how key decisions made by local officials ultimately saved lives as the Trump administration downplayed the threat of the virus in the early days of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s governor had feared millions of coronavirus infections. Instead, the state’s case rate fell below the national average, and the death toll, according to information compiled by the CDC and the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation at the University of Washington, was far lower than initially feared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida also skirted the early disaster that some experts had feared. By late March, Florida’s case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rate began to overtake California’s, but the state’s hospital system was never overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bold action by local officials appears to have blunted the force of the pandemic in those crucial early weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first case — and the nation’s third — was confirmed Jan. 25, when an Orange County man who had recently traveled to Wuhan, China, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://mailchi.mp/ochca/novelcoronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was hospitalized\u003c/a>. But experts now believe that COVID-19 likely established itself weeks earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco’s Chinatown, began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan was building into a pandemic that would inevitably spread to the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in his \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/we-have-it-totally-under-control-a-timeline-of-president-donald-trumps-response-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first public comment\u003c/a> on the novel virus, had dismissed concerns, saying: “It’s one person coming in from China, and we have it under control. It’s going to be just fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zhang said she was alarmed by word from an old medical school classmate that a volunteer Chinese medical team was flying three hours to Wuhan before the Jan. 25 start of the Lunar New Year, China’s biggest holiday. “When you deploy a team like that and you have to leave on Chinese New Year’s Eve,” Zhang recalled thinking, “something must be really serious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-160x89.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-1020x565.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco, says that in late January, she began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan, China, would inevitably spread to the West Coast. \u003ccite>(CBS SF Bay Area)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outbreak was coming at a dangerous time. The Lunar New Year marks the largest human migration on earth, as hundreds of millions travel to visit family for the extended holiday. And Zhang knew there was direct air service between Wuhan and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m like, my God, it’s only 12 hours away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang decided to stock up on protective equipment for the hospital, including 2,000 ventilator\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>masks. But the masks\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>were back-ordered.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>She phoned the local official who represents Chinatown on the Board of Supervisors, Aaron Peskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will be a nightmare of yours and mine if we have the outbreak in Chinatown,” she told him. Zhang and Peskin pulled together a news conference Feb. 1 to warn of the coronavirus threat and urge Chinatown residents to reduce their risk of infection. Wash your hands, they repeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in Florida, a hospital just outside Fort Lauderdale was having its first brush with COVID-19. A woman visiting from a province near Wuhan showed up at a Memorial Healthcare System hospital with flu symptoms, sparking a flurry of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local coverage. She tested negative for COVID-19, but the incident was a wake-up call, prompting the hospital to dust off its pandemic preparedness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My chief of infectious disease and my chief epidemiologist basically said that this will come,” said Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stanley Marks. “This will be a pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Eerie Days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">For Dr. Sara Cody, health officer in California’s Santa Clara County, the weeks before COVID-19 were like driving in a dense fog. You knew there might be a cliff around the bend. But you couldn’t see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In January, she and her staff started reading up about “some unusual virus that was emerging in China,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the virus turned out to be, Cody thought it was headed her way: There’s a tremendous amount of routine air travel between Silicon Valley and Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I was thinking, you know, it’s likely we’re going to see this early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Feb. 3, Santa Clara County, home to San Jose, had confirmed two cases of COVID-19: Both patients had traveled to Wuhan. Cody declared a local public health emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then,” she recalled, “we had this eerie February, where we had no more cases reported, no more cases detected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weeks passed, Cody made reassuring public statements about COVID-19, to the point that some local officials complained that she was downplaying the risk. At one meeting, on Feb. 19, she said, “We don’t have any evidence still to date that the coronavirus is circulating in our county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825223\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sara Cody, health Officer of California’s Santa Clara County, speaks during a Feb. 28 press conference about the county’s third confirmed case of COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Yichuan Cao/Sipa via AP Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes, she was scrambling to track the virus’s spread. A health officer’s playbook for containing a pandemic begins with aggressive testing. In the case of COVID-19, the supply of tests was grossly inadequate — and the tests themselves were unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout February, Cody said her staff was desperately trying to run the new CDC tests in local laboratories, but they couldn’t make them work. So every sample had to be sent to the CDC for testing, and “there was this huge, long process to get a specimen to the CDC and get it back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the month of February was just strange, because you had the sense that probably something might be going on, but we didn’t know what it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 27, Dr. Scott Morrow of neighboring San Mateo County, Cody’s longtime colleague, wrote an extraordinarily blunt \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.smchealth.org/health-officer-orders-and-statements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the county’s 700,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 might become “a severe pandemic,” read the letter, posted on the county’s website. Everyone’s lives might be “significantly disrupted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ticked off a series of orders that might become necessary: social distancing. A ban on gatherings. Closing schools. Rationing critical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a difficult message to share,” he wrote, “but it is important to recognize how difficult the times ahead may be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, February was an extraordinarily quiet month when it came to the emerging world pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"label": "Reopening: What You Need to Know ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first public rumblings about the virus came from the governor at a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article240695761.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Feb. 27 news conference\u003c/a>. DeSantis said there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state, then evaded questions from reporters about how many people had actually been tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I’m allowed to go into the numbers,” he said, citing a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0031.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> state law\u003c/a> that protects medical information of people undergoing “epidemiological investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article242844471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal experts\u003c/a> and lawmakers were quick to point out that the law allowed the state to share aggregate numbers during a public health crisis. “It was a complete firewall of information,” said state Sen. Jose Javier Rodriguez, a Miami Democrat. “They say they can’t, when in reality they won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rodriguez was in Tallahassee for the legislative session, he asked for a meeting with the state Department of Health to discuss COVID-19 testing and preparedness. Medical experts were already encouraging elbow bumps in lieu of handshakes to prevent infection. So he was stunned when the health officials arrived at his office and one tried to shake his hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really did feel like Chicken Little,” Rodriguez said. “This is a real thing. They’re not telling us if it’s here or if it’s coming. And the first person at the first meeting I’m having about this is trying to shake my hand. And I was like, what’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, on March 1, DeSantis confirmed the state’s first two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the start, Gov. Gavin Newsom was the telegenic face of California’s fight against the pandemic. His earnest, information-packed \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press conferences\u003c/a>, some lasting as long as an hour, were live-streamed and often dominated local evening news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians liked what they saw: By April, Newsom’s approval rating had increased by an astonishing 41 points, to 83%, FiveThirtyEight \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/most-americans-like-how-their-governor-is-handling-the-coronavirus-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>. After he made an appearance on Rachel Maddow’s MSNBC show, the hashtag #PresidentNewsom briefly trended \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://account.sacbee.com/paywall/stop?resume=241860561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were missteps: Newsom was slow to acknowledge problems with COVID-19 testing — at one point, California had a backlog of 60,000 tests, reportedly the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/california-coronavirus-tests-backlog-unprocessed-2020-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> worst in the country\u003c/a> — and for a time, like Trump, he insisted, despite all evidence, that testing was readily available. (Newsom later acknowledged a problem — “I own that,” he said — and\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-test-backlog-delays-newsom-announces-ramp-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> promised to improve\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the governor took action only after local officials had cleared the way. That first became apparent in connection with one of his earliest attempts to check the virus — the March 11 ban on large gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825257\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks to reporters March 12 about the state’s response to the pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As COVID-19 gathered steam in the early days of March, health officers in the Bay Area started rolling out strategies to disrupt its spread. At first, this amounted only to strongly worded guidance.\u003cbr>\nIn a March 5 letter, Dr. Scott Morrow urged San Mateo County residents to practice social distancing and cancel nonessential gatherings. “This is not business as usual,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, San Francisco Mayor London Breed issued her own recommendations \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/san-francisco-department-public-health-announces-aggressive-recommendations-reduce-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">discouraging large gatherings\u003c/a>. In Santa Clara County, Dr. Sara Cody did the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Silicon Valley, the giants of the tech industry responded in force, asking tens of thousands of employees to\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8082517/Microsoft-Facebook-embrace-home-working-amid-coronavirus-crisis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> work from home\u003c/a>. Among them were such powerhouses as Facebook, Google, Apple, Twitter, Salesforce and LinkedIn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the health officers learned, not every business was willing to voluntarily follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose’s NHL team, the Sharks, and San Francisco’s NBA team, the Golden State Warriors, both continued to play games — potentially allowing the virus to spread among their thousands of fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Playing those games was “the worst thing you could do in the face of the pandemic,” said Dr. John Swartzberg, the UC epidemiologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers countered by issuing orders banning large gatherings altogether, shutting the sports teams down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was two days after Santa Clara announced its ban that Newsom followed suit by \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/11/california-public-health-experts-mass-gatherings-should-be-postponed-or-canceled-statewide-to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issuing one statewide\u003c/a>. That became the pattern: Local officials would issue tough orders, and the governor would expand on what they did. On the difficult matter\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>of closing public schools, for example, educators said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the governor flatly refused to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts knew that public schools were a potential breeding ground for the virus. One infected child could pass on the virus to dozens of classmates, teachers and family members. Closing schools was an obvious way to limit viral transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officials also recognized that school closings would send a ripple of pain through every community. Working families would have to arrange child care or give up jobs. Grandparents — among the most vulnerable to serious illness from COVID-19 — would wind up taking care of kids. The logistics of reaching families in need of school meal programs would be formidable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while, the downside of closing schools outweighed the benefits, as Cody put it. But early in March, starting with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2020/03/07/family-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-elk-grove-district-closes-schools-next-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elk Grove\u003c/a> in suburban Sacramento, individual districts in California began to close schools\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>when students or parents were diagnosed with COVID-19. In San Francisco, Superintendent Vincent Matthews shut down 2,900-student Lowell High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, March 9, the governor met with school superintendents in the State Capitol. Matthews drove\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the 90 miles\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>to Sacramento, he recalled, “to find out whether he was going to close schools or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom wouldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was emphatic about that,” Matthews said, “that he was not going to close schools. He just said it was a local decision and he was going to let local districts make the call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, Matthews decided to act swiftly. He consulted the county health officer, Dr. Tomás Aragón, and held an emergency meeting of the school board. On Thursday, March 12, he announced that\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about/news/current-news/schools-will-close-students-3-weeks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> all schools in his district would close\u003c/a>. “We just determined that, you know, we needed to slow things down,” Matthews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/california-k-12-schools-closed-due-to-the-coronavirus/624984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wave\u003c/a> of other districts — including Los Angeles, with more than 700,000 students — followed San Francisco and shut down schools. Only then did the governor issue an \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.13.20-EO-N-26-20-Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">order\u003c/a> guaranteeing that districts that closed because of the pandemic would still receive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>state funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As life in California was grinding to a halt, Florida’s social and political life mostly went on undisturbed. In early March, state lawmakers still greeted each other with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/do-florida-lawmakers-take-coronavirus-seriously-ask-when-they-stop-hugging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bear hugs\u003c/a> in the State Capitol. Tourists still crowded Disney World and Universal Studios. The \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article240915331.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Winter Party Festival\u003c/a>, an annual LGBTQ event in Miami Beach, drew thousands of partygoers, some of whom \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article242034896.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later died\u003c/a> of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But slowly, the first signs of a disturbance to Florida life emerged. Miami officials postponed the electronic dance music event Ultra Music Festival, despite \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/downtown-miami/article240878956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protests\u003c/a> by ticket holders on social media. As\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Florida’s\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>presidential primary neared, older poll workers concerned about getting exposed to the virus started to drop out, local elections officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began receiving calls from people saying, ‘I’m not going to show up,’” said Peter Antonacci, Broward County’s elections supervisor. “‘I’m afraid of the virus.’ So we knew then that we had an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of guidance from federal and state officials, some local businesses took their own steps to protect their customers. Ruth Ann Bradley, who runs a yoga studio in Cooper City, near Fort Lauderdale, had been concerned about COVID-19 for days. She’d followed along on Facebook as yoga studios in California were closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began extra cleaning precautions in early March. She and her students wiped down their yoga mats and she steam-cleaned props between classes. She encouraged everyone to use hand sanitizer and wash their hands frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time, Bradley thought, before the virus swept across South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Shelter in Place\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">By Friday, March 13, the lives of millions of Californians had been disrupted to fight the pandemic. But the virus’s spread still seemed to be accelerating, and San Mateo County’s Dr. Scott Morrow began to fear that the Bay Area might be “only one or two weeks behind Italy.” There, the surge in COVID-19 cases had overwhelmed the nation’s health care system — and its morgues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More needed to be done, Morrow believed. But as a local health officer battling a worldwide pandemic, he was “out of options,” as he wrote to county officials. Further measures would have to come from the state or federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Mayor London Breed said she too had concluded that more drastic action was needed: Her city of nearly 900,000 people would have to shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt strongly that the sooner we get there, the faster we can hopefully get out of there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over that weekend, Breed said she “reached out to the governor,” telling him that shutting down the city was “what we need to do.” Newsom “didn’t want me to go out there and do it on my own,” Breed said. “He wanted us to collaborate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so on Sunday, Breed’s health officer, Aragón, got on the phone with his counterparts\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody and Morrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announces a shelter-in-place order March 16. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area health officers had been collaborating on regional health crises since the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. They knew that state laws allow them to “take any action that you need to take to stop disease,” as Morrow put it. “They’re kind of brilliantly written. They kind of take politics out of the mix.” At one time or another, all had used those broad powers. But typically, the target was one person — a tuberculosis patient who needed to be quarantined, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the officers were contemplating an order quarantining an entire region — both the healthy and the sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like COVID-19 itself, their discussion moved rapidly. Only two days before, when Cody had banned large gatherings in Silicon Valley, the order had struck her as “so monumental and so difficult and having such profound impact,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never did I imagine that 48 hours later, I would have come as far as thinking that we actually needed to completely shut things down and shelter in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow called the process “otherworldly, literally otherworldly. … It did not seem in the realms of this world.” But somehow, by that evening, they had crafted the unprecedented shelter-in-place order. Health officers from four other counties signed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong. The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s striking how absent state officials were from the deliberations. Morrow said none of the health officials alerted Gov. Gavin Newsom or other elected officials and their input was not sought. Cody said she couldn’t remember distinctly, but thought that somebody must have at least looped in the governor via the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Breed recalled telling the governor of her plan to lock down San Francisco; by her account, he preferred joint action by local officials. The governor’s office declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers of six counties \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806988/sheltering-in-place-what-you-need-to-know\">announced shelter in place\u003c/a> that Monday, March 16, at a joint news conference in the city of Santa Clara. Breed announced San Francisco’s closure herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong,” Breed said of the county health officers. “The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions may not have been coordinated with the governor, but they appear to have\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>sent a message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, Newsom appeared deeply worried about COVID-19. He wrote a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.18.20-Letter-USNS-Mercy-Hospital-Ship.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> letter to Trump\u003c/a>, saying the state projected that 25.5 million Californians could become infected with the virus over the next eight weeks — a startlingly high figure that implied hundreds of thousands might die. Newsom’s aides later walked back the number, calling it a worst-case scenario that didn’t factor in efforts to fight the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, California mayors —including Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles and Sam Liccardo of San Jose — were urgently lobbying the governor for a statewide shelter-in-place order. “If we didn’t have a uniform set of rules, then we would all just have our communities getting reinfected,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The normally choked 110 Freeway heading into downtown Los Angeles on March 20, the day after California Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statewide stay-at-home order. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On March 19, two days after the Bay Area shutdown orders went into effect, Newsom extended them to the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.19.20-attested-EO-N-33-20-COVID-19-HEALTH-ORDER.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entire state\u003c/a>. Effective immediately, nearly 40 million residents were ordered to stay at home except when conducting essential business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, with\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>19\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>confirmed deaths, was the first state to take this drastic measure. Without the ability to test and trace, it was arguably the only effective means of checking the spread of the pandemic. Over the next four days,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>eight other states shut down. Florida held off 15 more days, until April 3, when it became the 37th state to mandate shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said he was taking his lead from the White House: “It makes sense to make this move now. I did consult with folks in the White House about it. I did talk to the president about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump had long insisted that the nation would be \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/24/politics/trump-easter-economy-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">back to normal by Easter\u003c/a>; by the end of March, he finally conceded\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>that was “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85678\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just an aspiration\u003c/a>” after extending federal COVID-19 guidelines, which encouraged older people and those who feel sick to stay home, for another 30 days. DeSantis called that decision a “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-stay-at-home-order.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">national pause button\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With contradictory signals coming from Washington, all eyes were on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Francisco announced its shelter-in-place order, Breed recalls telling several mayors that they should shut down their cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, people probably thought I was overreacting just a little bit,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City of Miami Mayor Francis Suarez was one of the mayors who immediately\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>got on the phone with Breed in mid-March. The two are close, and Suarez took her advice seriously. He wanted to issue a shelter-in-place order in Miami, but the path forward was less clear than in the Bay Area, where the health officers enjoy extraordinary autonomy. Miami’s city attorney didn’t think Suarez or the city manager had the legal power to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to put a lot of internal pressure on our city attorney with our commissioners to get her to agree to it,” Suarez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fort Lauderdale, 30 miles north of Miami, City Manager Chris Lagerbloom also was in touch with his counterparts in California. They had been grappling with the virus for longer. Lagerbloom asked them: \"What do you wish you knew at our stage in the game?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer was a resounding, ‘Don’t\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>wait for it to get worse before you decide to take action,’” he said. “It was one of those times where that sank in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis was not yet ready to hit pause\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">. \u003c/strong>He insisted on going forward with the state’s March 17 presidential primary. “We’re definitely voting. They voted during the Civil War,” DeSantis said at the time. Canceling it, he said, “would have really sent a signal about panic. And I don’t think that’s the signal that you want to send.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although he recommended postponing or\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/mass-gatherings-in-florida-should-be-postponed-to-stop-coronavirus-spread-desantis-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> canceling mass gatherings\u003c/a>, he didn’t issue orders to ban them outright. By the second weekend of March, business and political leaders began to shut down South Florida. Miami-Dade County officials canceled the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/west-miami-dade/article241125471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual Youth Fair\u003c/a> hours before it was scheduled to open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the Firestone Grand Prix in southwest Florida postponed the race. Disney shut down its parks. At Magic Kingdom, Mickey Mouse and a menagerie of other Disney characters waved at the crowds one last time before the park shut its massive gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts, following California, began shutting down. “We started paying attention to it when [COVID-19] impacted the West Coast in particular,” said Broward County\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Superintendent Robert Runcie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Runcie and his deputies met regularly to go over the district’s COVID-19 preparedness plan starting in February. Beyond protecting his staff and students, Runcie realized that he would need to coordinate any school closures with other South Florida superintendents. What happened in his district would inevitably affect neighboring ones, because many Broward County residents worked at Miami-Dade schools and some Broward school employees lived in Palm Beach County. The three superintendents began to confer, Runcie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all connected,” Runcie said. “So you make a decision in one district, it’s going to have ramifications in the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, March 13, all three districts announced they would close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the beach, spring break\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>raged on through the weekend — until the Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale mayors took the extraordinary step on Sunday afternoon of announcing that their beaches would close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida is known to shut down beaches for one reason: a hurricane. Daniel Stermer, mayor of Weston and then-president of the Broward League of Cities, said he was blindsided by Fort Lauderdale’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rest of us sort of went, ‘What did you just do? You didn’t discuss that with us,’” Stermer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale beaches emptied out, nearby coastal mayors scrambled to impose their own closures as spring breakers searched for new places to party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spring breakers party on Pompano Beach, Fla., on March 17. \u003ccite>(Julio Cortez/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Key Biscayne, Mayor Michael Davey quickly noticed a rush on the grocery stores in his beach town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re obviously going to the beach,” he said. “They’re in bathing suits and they’re getting their beer and they’re getting their hot dogs and they’re getting all their stuff and they’re buying the coolers. And I’m saying, ‘Well, this isn’t good.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key Biscayne soon closed its beaches. So did Hollywood, where Mayor Josh Levy anticipated that spring breakers would descend on his city. “We needed to take decisive and immediate action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, the governor continued his hands-off approach. He banned gatherings larger than 10 people at beaches, but left much of the rest up to local governments. A DeSantis spokesman told Reveal that beaches weren’t closed statewide “because a one-size-fits-all approach was not the right model for Florida.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a mother just walking down the beach with her daughter, I think that can be done safely,” DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.mysuncoast.com/2020/03/24/desantis-cracking-down-travelers-hotspots-will-require-them-self-quarantine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>. “That is much different than doing a Jell-O shot off somebody’s stomach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Dan Gelber, Miami Beach’s mayor, said beaches should have closed sooner. The COVID-19 numbers may have been low, but who knew what that meant without widespread testing. The virus had likely already spread undetected. Miami Beach was the first to close its beach, he said, “and still, we were very late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Cascade of Orders\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After the beach closures came a wave of aggressive local action, as cities and towns across South Florida issued stay-at-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In Broward, officials from the county’s 31 municipalities scrambled to coordinate their orders, said Chris Lagerbloom, the Fort Lauderdale city manager. He was among three city managers who joined forces to draft a list of recommendations and deliver them to the rest of the cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">Local leaders\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>went their own way on some issues. Some instituted their own curfews. Others classified active construction projects as essential businesses. But all ultimately came out with stay-at-home orders of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">“It was really neat to watch,” Lagerbloom said, “because I didn’t think it was possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After several cities had issued their orders, Miami-Dade and Broward counties \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article241535856.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told residents to stay home\u003c/a> March 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows a deserted stretch of sand in Miami Beach, Fla., on March 20. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some residents had already taken action. At her Cooper City\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>yoga studio\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">,\u003c/strong> in Broward County, Ruth Ann Bradley said she felt exhausted from disinfecting her entire studio after each class. She worried about the safety of her students. Her larger classes could accommodate up to 20 at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just kind of saw the writing on the wall,” Bradley said. “I can’t go through another week of all this cleaning if I’m basically going to be closing anyway. And it just seemed like the right thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 15, a week before Broward County issued its order closing nonessential businesses, she sent a notice to her students: The studio would close,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and classes would be offered via Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/05/10/how-florida-slowed-coronavirus-everyone-stayed-home-before-they-were-told-to/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tampa Bay Times analysis\u003c/a> of cellphone tracking data found that Bradley was not alone: In every county in the state, people had begun staying home well before county and state orders were issued. By the time the governor finally ordered residents to stay home, nearly half of the state’s counties had already seen a 50% decline in activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis, who had been loath to intervene early on, issued a series of orders in March, ordering international travelers to self-quarantine, discouraging mass gatherings and barring visitors from nursing homes. He also ordered 1 million doses of hydroxychloroquine following Trump’s praise of the anti-malaria drug as a treatment for COVID-19. (\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/drug-promoted-by-trump-as-coronavirus-game-changer-increasingly-linked-to-deaths/2020/05/15/85d024fe-96bd-11ea-9f5e-56d8239bf9ad_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies\u003c/a> later established that it was dangerous for COVID-19 patients.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wfla.com/community/health/coronavirus/florida-lawmakers-sign-letter-urging-desantis-to-issue-statewide-stay-at-home-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuffed calls\u003c/a> for a statewide stay-at-home order, arguing that a uniform approach wouldn’t be appropriate, given that some counties had very few cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You simply cannot lock down our society indefinitely with no end in sight,” he \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlIR7JMoaj8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> at a March 23 press conference. “And when people say that we may do this for seven to nine months, I can tell you that is not sustainable. That is not something that this society would accept.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825225\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks during a March 30 news conference in a parking lot being used as a COVID-19 testing center. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When his stay-at-home order landed April 1, the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-91-compressed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 34-page executive order\u003c/a> listed religious services as essential and thus exempt from the shutdown. Two Broward County mayors, Weston’s Daniel Stermer and city of Sunrise Mayor Michael Ryan, fired off emails to DeSantis’ office asking the governor to reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based upon proven science, these large gatherings are jeopardizing the health, safety and welfare,” Ryan wrote. “As a result, we feel very strongly not only can we restrict access, we have an obligation to do so based upon the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Jacquot, the governor’s general counsel, responded that DeSantis’ order allowed cities to restrict churches if they chose. Ryan wasn’t satisfied. The order, he wrote, “explicitly invalidates our local orders. We are going to run into conflict with those who do not want to comply.” A subsequent email exchange indicates that Stermer’s city attorney would call Jacquot to talk things through.\u003cbr>\nBy the time the state order went into effect, Florida’s reported coronavirus death toll had topped 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Flattening the Curve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">At first, it was not at all clear whether Californians would comply with Gov. Gavin Newsom’s pathbreaking shelter-in-place order. The weekend after it went into effect, Venice Beach in Los Angeles was mobbed, and the governor was irked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those young people are still out there on the beaches thinking it’s time to party,” Newsom said at a news conference. “It’s time to grow up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The normally secluded beaches of San Mateo County, south of San Francisco, “looked like Waikiki,” complained Dr. Scott Morrow, the county health officer. And he had noticed other signs of noncompliance\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> —\u003c/strong> large picnics and outdoor sports. Morrow called out\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the scofflaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites. We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decide you want to do your own thing and follow your own rules, you disrespect us all,” he wrote in an open letter. “You spit in our face, and you will contribute to the death toll that will follow.”\u003cbr>\nAs days passed, compliance improved. The experts’ worst fears — that, like Italy, California’s hospitals would be overwhelmed with gravely ill patients — had been staved off, for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites,” said Santa Clara County’s Dr. Sara Cody, referring to temporary facilities that could house patients once Bay Area hospitals were full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming,” she\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>said. “We had our mass fatality plans reviewed and revised. And then, of course, our shelter in place helped to really slow things down. And our hospitals never saw that surge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s statewide shutdown order appears to have gotten traction: In the weeks that followed, California suffered far less from the pandemic than other states, with both case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rates and death rates below the national average, despite the state having been host to the first confirmed case of community transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing data also suggests the profound impact of those early Bay Area shelter-in-place orders: The Bay Area’s curve flattened quickly and dramatically after the shutdown and continued to plateau even as the number of COVID-19 cases in the rest of the state rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-1020x787.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same pattern was visible to a lesser extent in Florida, where officials in Miami-Dade and Broward counties mobilized quickly while Gov. Ron\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>DeSantis embraced a laissez-faire approach. Just as in California, their decisions made a difference. By late\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>April, confirmed cases in those counties began to drop as other Florida counties reported an increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825230\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-160x121.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-1020x770.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the limited testing data makes it difficult to draw conclusions, the flattened\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>curves in Florida and California “emphasize the point that early action makes a difference,” said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Dr.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Marissa Levine, director of the Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice at the University of South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/em>In both states, we know that local leaders acted before state leaders did,” she said. “To some degree, we’re seeing that reflected in the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April 20, the day Florida’s task force for reopening \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2020/04/20/governors-task-force-to-reopen-florida-will-make-recommendations-this-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first convened\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>California was\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>reporting 86\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>cases per 100,000 residents, and Florida, 126. New York, the nation’s epicenter, had 1,293.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida is not doing great,” Dr. John Swartzberg, the California epidemiologist, said in early May, before Florida began to reopen, \u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/strong>but it’s doing a lot better than I thought it would be given their really poor judgment, and a governor who doesn’t understand public health\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut we may never know the full cost of DeSantis’ delays. Cellphone tracking data showed that Fort Lauderdale spring breakers \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/tech/location-tracking-florida-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dispersed\u003c/a> to locales across the country, including to New York City, which would soon be overwhelmed. Nor can we know just how far the nation might have plunged into the COVID-19 abyss if California leaders had failed to take bold actions early on, clearing the way for elected officials elsewhere to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward. To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really critical to set a standard,” Levine said, referring to California. “Clearly, somebody had to go first. That always helps others make decisions a little more readily.” And California’s decision, she points out, built on Wuhan’s, where officials instituted a massive shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, officials in both states faced dilemmas triggered by the lack of federal leadership — and the inability to conduct widespread testing. The testing shortage not only hampered early decision-making, but it also robbed local health officials of traditional tools such as testing and contact tracing and forced them to consider drastic, unprecedented measures such as shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward,” Levine said. “To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such standardization would hinge on a strong testing infrastructure that, five months into the U.S. pandemic, is still not in place. Without it, states are still largely\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>in the dark as they take steps to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, resistant to aggressive testing from the start, has yet to embrace it as a linchpin of restarting the economy. Just three weeks after the U.S. became the global epicenter of the pandemic, the Trump administration released its \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/4/16/21224405/opening-up-america-again-trump-coronavirus-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines for reopening\u003c/a>, called “Opening Up America Again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That next week in Florida, DeSantis launched his\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Re-Open Florida Task Force. None of the executive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>committee members are medical doctors or epidemiologists. Instead, it’s packed with leaders of the state’s largest corporations. Thanks to their guidance, South Florida has begun to loosen restrictions, allowing businesses to open at a reduced capacity and reopening the beaches that are the engine of Florida’s tourism industry. Disney World plans to reopen next month. Schools \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2020/06/11/gov-ron-desantis-announces-plan-for-reopening-florida-schools/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_content=%40TB_Tmes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may reopen\u003c/a> in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As restrictions unravel, COVID-19 numbers have already begun to surge in Florida. On Tuesday, the state recorded its highest number of reported cases in a single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine worries about the public abandoning safety measures as they emerge from strict shelter-in-place orders from the early days of the pandemic. “A lot of people think we did what we needed to do, and now we just need to go back to the way it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the wrong message, unfortunately,” Levine said. “I think we may pay the price as we watch cases go up here in Florida and around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__color_26115_custom_color_3\">\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">This story was edited by Esther Kaplan, Soo Oh, Jen Chien and Matt Thompson\u003c/em> \u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">and copy edited by Nikki Frick. \u003c/em>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">Editors Terence Shepherd and Alicia Zuckerman from WLRN and Julia B. Chan and Ethan Toven-Lindsey from KQED contributed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The first known COVID-19 deaths in the United States occurred in Santa Clara County, according to autopsy reports released by officials Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/press-release-04-21-20-early.aspx\">In a statement\u003c/a>, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department said the first COVID-19 associated death happened on Feb. 6. Two other deaths occurred on Feb. 17 and March 6. All three individuals died at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to this point, it was believed that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/s0229-COVID-19-first-death.html\">first reported COVID-19 death\u003c/a> in the United States occurred in Washington state on Feb. 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly identified cases all occurred before what was initially thought to be the first reported death in the county on March 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials performed autopsies on the two Santa Clara County individuals who died in February and sent tissue samples from both cases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Confirmation from the CDC that the samples were positive for the coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, came back Tuesday. Santa Clara County's medical examiner confirmed coronavirus infection in the third person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials said the three people died at a time when testing for COVID-19 was restricted to people with a history of travel or who went to the doctor for specific symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC was responsible for setting those guidelines, and at that time, was doing all the testing, according to the county. Since then, tests have become more available in the county and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials said they anticipate they will identify more deaths from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/dashboard.aspx#cases\">1,946 cases of COVID-19\u003c/a> and 88 deaths in Santa Clara County as of April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://laist.com/projects/2020/coronavirus-tracker/california.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Marnette Federis and Bay City News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first known COVID-19 deaths in the United States occurred in Santa Clara County, according to autopsy reports released by officials Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/press-release-04-21-20-early.aspx\">In a statement\u003c/a>, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department said the first COVID-19 associated death happened on Feb. 6. Two other deaths occurred on Feb. 17 and March 6. All three individuals died at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to this point, it was believed that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/s0229-COVID-19-first-death.html\">first reported COVID-19 death\u003c/a> in the United States occurred in Washington state on Feb. 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newly identified cases all occurred before what was initially thought to be the first reported death in the county on March 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials performed autopsies on the two Santa Clara County individuals who died in February and sent tissue samples from both cases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Confirmation from the CDC that the samples were positive for the coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, came back Tuesday. Santa Clara County's medical examiner confirmed coronavirus infection in the third person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials said the three people died at a time when testing for COVID-19 was restricted to people with a history of travel or who went to the doctor for specific symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC was responsible for setting those guidelines, and at that time, was doing all the testing, according to the county. Since then, tests have become more available in the county and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials said they anticipate they will identify more deaths from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/covid19/Pages/dashboard.aspx#cases\">1,946 cases of COVID-19\u003c/a> and 88 deaths in Santa Clara County as of April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://laist.com/projects/2020/coronavirus-tracker/california.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Marnette Federis and Bay City News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Noah Marco might never have known that he’d unwittingly admitted a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2020/04/california-hotel-rooms-coronavirus-health-care-workers-covid-19/\">COVID-19\u003c/a> patient into his Los Angeles area nursing home last month if his nursing director wasn’t friends with her counterpart at another nursing home nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elderly man had been transferred to the Los Angeles Jewish Home, where Marco is chief medical officer, from another nursing home just before it experienced \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/socal/burbank-leader/news/story/2020-03-30/2-residents-of-alameda-care-center-die-from-covid-19\">a severe coronavirus outbreak\u003c/a> that infected 17 and killed two residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marco had isolated the man as he began showing symptoms, and tested him right after his nursing director received an apologetic call from her counterpart at the stricken home. The man’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesJewishHome/?__tn__=kC-R&eid=ARAyQ3PATa5zgGkEnTT-sXsnNQ33Q8nm1LVY1u8vrCUlzKo0SkEtfshjDlFmo-J0xKq-nGbV1AV2wNta&hc_ref=ARTSyOfr-oYHlEdkIDCHV6TgLYKHs62o5hfqYeToyuMH02-QcrCnTO2xxAYY0L1oRIQ&fref=nf&__xts__%5b0%5d=68.ARDhfIg4P8pjTzlDOQ_X-McpT8OCygOx_IhzTx0y33qq6685BsOMfCQILWJofNPUvbKn-pjekOQUUMkPE1yOzP8wUS_zbDL6KOIySmDit80v101hGFAhCQI78V5xljqxltBAmh5JIdGEepWb1Yq7nkae2NEbJkj00alEkuFsFZx3RB1_T6adXnsmELXOGgyT156MSbZcwS6edPbzBiq4w9XrBTH-KU-f28fLXLbUgYaH0nDDwyX3ZLH7Y-4eGzji-58tJtGwKlB-oX46MvhtjmUpUIrH2eTTJ0lsbfeclkNLypYSrvODnsFG7sp2BzmbLqxLwVD5izQzXw84cT5H\">positive\u003c/a> results arrived from a commercial lab days later — an hour or two, Marco said, before he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They sent him to us not knowing he had COVID,” Marco said. “We found out only because of a happenstance relationship between two nurses in two different buildings.” [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and nationwide, some skilled nursing facilities have gone well beyond the measures recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) earlier in the pandemic — including closing communal dining rooms and banning outside visitors — to protect their elderly or disabled patients who are at most risk of dying if infected with the novel coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re checking residents, and sometimes workers, for fever each day. Setting up special units for dialysis patients who need to leave the nursing home regularly for care. Requiring new residents to isolate in separate areas for 14 days. In some cases, nursing homes are requiring COVID-19 tests of new patients or returning residents before they can be readmitted, all the while worrying about \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/coronavirus-tests-are-being-fast-tracked-by-the-fda-but-its-unclear-how-accurate-they-are\">false negative results that have been reported\u003c/a> in some tests. Some homes are refusing new patients altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"nursing-homes\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Headline-grabbing outbreaks at nursing homes in Riverside and Orinda underscore how quickly the coronavirus can spread through facilities and just how quickly it can fell patients and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Riverside, 83 patients \u003ca href=\"https://www.pe.com/2020/04/08/riverside-skilled-nursing-facility-with-39-coronavirus-cases-evacuated/\">were evacuated\u003c/a> Wednesday from Magnolia Rehabilitation and Nursing Center in the middle of its outbreak there because so many employees failed to show up for work. One COVID-positive certified nursing assistant, not among the no-shows, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pe.com/2020/04/13/woman-20-who-worked-at-riverside-nursing-home-with-outbreak-dies-from-coronavirus/\">has died\u003c/a>, a relative said Monday. Contra Costa County health officials asked the state to take over management of the Orinda Care Center after nearly a third of its staff members \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/east-bay/county-seeks-state-takeover-of-orinda-nursing-home-with-past-safety-violations/2270654/\">fell ill\u003c/a> along with 27 patients, two of whom died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 1,266 patients or staff in California’s 1,244 skilled nursing facilities have been infected to date, Gov. Gavin Newsom said Friday in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAgovernor/videos/665608347538933/\">online press conference\u003c/a>. California public health officials are monitoring 191 nursing homes with infected patients or staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in trying to secure their facilities against viral intrusion, some nursing homes may run afoul of state public health officials, who have said that to free up hospital beds, skilled nursing facilities \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/LCP/Pages/AFL-20-33.aspx\">may be required\u003c/a> to accept recovering COVID-19 patients — even if they’re still infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an outcry from the nursing home industry, the controversial requirement was loosened so that nursing homes may refuse to accept these patients if the facilities lack adequate protective gear for workers or other ways to prevent transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nursing homes are NOT the right place for the virus patients,” nursing home resident Dorothea Lack, an 81-year-old retired psychotherapist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wrote in an email to CalMatters. “They are like incubators. These helpless, fragile patients should not be exposed to this virulent disease! Just because they are old and helpless is not an excuse for risking their lives, without their knowledge or consent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Dorothea Lack, Nursing Home Resident\"]‘Nursing homes are NOT the right place for the virus patients. They are like incubators.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the moral equation is grave: save hospital beds for the sickest COVID-19 patients or endanger the elderly, who are most at risk of dying if infected?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County’s public health director last week even \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-07/coronavirus-nursing-homes-residents-remove-la-county\">advised families\u003c/a> to consider pulling their loved ones out of nursing homes. It would be “perfectly appropriate,” said Dr. Barbara Ferrer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many families cannot properly care for their elderly relatives, some of whom may have severe dementia or chronic medical conditions that require daily nursing care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government does \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/more-2-200-coronavirus-deaths-nursing-homes-federal-government-isn-n1181026\">not track\u003c/a> nursing home deaths specifically. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has suggested nursing homes should dedicate “if possible” a wing or unit for patients transferred from hospitals. Its only \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/files/document/qso-20-14-nh-revised.pdf\">guidance\u003c/a> for nursing homes accepting patients from hospitals during the pandemic is that they should admit anyone they’d normally admit to their facility as long as they can follow CDC guidelines to prevent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without more specific federal direction, states are making up their own rules about what role skilled nursing facilities must play in housing recovering COVID-19 patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York is requiring nursing homes \u003ca href=\"https://www.justiceinaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Nursing-Facilities-and-Assisted-Living-During-the-COVID-19-Outbreak-4.3.20.pdf\">to accept patients\u003c/a> at the request of public health officials, no exceptions. Louisiana takes the opposite approach, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justiceinaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Nursing-Facilities-and-Assisted-Living-During-the-COVID-19-Outbreak-4.3.20.pdf\">prohibiting nursing homes\u003c/a> from accepting hospital patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 or have a pending test, or who have respiratory symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11812420\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11812420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1283\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1-1020x682.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Noah S. Marco, Jewish Home Chief Medical Officer, at the Grancell Village Campus in Reseda, Calif. \u003ccite>(Nancy Pastor/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the Los Angeles Jewish Home, Dr. Noah Marco said he simply will refuse any COVID-19 patients from hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not taking in a COVID-positive patient for the sole purpose of emptying one hospital bed. In two weeks, I’m sending them back 20 new patients,” he said. “No facilities have the kind of personal protective equipment they need. We don’t have isolation gowns, we’re out. We’d ordered as many as we can and we used them. You know what we’re using? We are using patient hospital gowns for our caregivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only approach that makes sense, Marco and other nursing home doctors say, is to use other facilities for recovering patients that don’t already have vulnerable seniors living there. “This is these people’s home and you cannot bring a COVID-positive person into a senior’s home, everyone would agree with that,” Marco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, California’s Public Health Department has not required any nursing homes to accept COVID-positive patients to free up hospital beds, but those orders — if they come — are likely to originate from county health departments. Some nursing homes are trying to prepare for this worst-case scenario, including the Campus for Jewish Living in San Francisco, which has prepared a separate wing where COVID-patients from hospitals could recover, the San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Ordered-by-the-state-SF-nursing-home-prepares-to-15185950.php\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Noah Marco, Chief Medical Officer of Los Angeles Jewish Home\"]‘I’m not taking in a COVID-positive patient for the sole purpose of emptying one hospital bed. In two weeks, I’m sending them back 20 new patients.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nursing home officials may find some relief in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/04/10/governor-newsom-outlines-steps-to-protect-residents-and-employees-of-california-nursing-home-residential-care-facilities/\">plans announced Friday\u003c/a> by Gov. Newsom to deploy what he called “SWAT teams” of infectious disease experts to assist nursing homes experiencing large outbreaks, and 600 public health nurses more generally to help homes improve infection control. The state also will provide $500 stipends to as many as 50,000 nursing home workers, a consequence of a Facebook donation of up to $25 million. Officials also plan to offer \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2020/04/california-hotel-rooms-coronavirus-health-care-workers-covid-19/\">free or heavily discounted hotel rooms to infected or exposed nursing home workers\u003c/a> who don’t need to be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also said that more non-COVID-19 patients could be treated and recover on the hospital ship Mercy, docked at the Port of Los Angeles to reduce the burden on overloaded hospitals. He added that the state has identified seven additional, as yet undisclosed, sites outside of nursing homes where patients could recover. That could take the pressure off some nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This state has a disproportionate number of aging individuals and we have a unique responsibility to take care of them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, however, at least three sailors on the Mercy have \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/military/story/2020-04-10/2-more-hospital-ship-mercy-sailors-test-positive-for-covid-19\">tested positive\u003c/a> for COVID-19, possibly upending Newsom’s plans. They are isolated and recovering off the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Noah Marco might never have known that he’d unwittingly admitted a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2020/04/california-hotel-rooms-coronavirus-health-care-workers-covid-19/\">COVID-19\u003c/a> patient into his Los Angeles area nursing home last month if his nursing director wasn’t friends with her counterpart at another nursing home nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elderly man had been transferred to the Los Angeles Jewish Home, where Marco is chief medical officer, from another nursing home just before it experienced \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/socal/burbank-leader/news/story/2020-03-30/2-residents-of-alameda-care-center-die-from-covid-19\">a severe coronavirus outbreak\u003c/a> that infected 17 and killed two residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marco had isolated the man as he began showing symptoms, and tested him right after his nursing director received an apologetic call from her counterpart at the stricken home. The man’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesJewishHome/?__tn__=kC-R&eid=ARAyQ3PATa5zgGkEnTT-sXsnNQ33Q8nm1LVY1u8vrCUlzKo0SkEtfshjDlFmo-J0xKq-nGbV1AV2wNta&hc_ref=ARTSyOfr-oYHlEdkIDCHV6TgLYKHs62o5hfqYeToyuMH02-QcrCnTO2xxAYY0L1oRIQ&fref=nf&__xts__%5b0%5d=68.ARDhfIg4P8pjTzlDOQ_X-McpT8OCygOx_IhzTx0y33qq6685BsOMfCQILWJofNPUvbKn-pjekOQUUMkPE1yOzP8wUS_zbDL6KOIySmDit80v101hGFAhCQI78V5xljqxltBAmh5JIdGEepWb1Yq7nkae2NEbJkj00alEkuFsFZx3RB1_T6adXnsmELXOGgyT156MSbZcwS6edPbzBiq4w9XrBTH-KU-f28fLXLbUgYaH0nDDwyX3ZLH7Y-4eGzji-58tJtGwKlB-oX46MvhtjmUpUIrH2eTTJ0lsbfeclkNLypYSrvODnsFG7sp2BzmbLqxLwVD5izQzXw84cT5H\">positive\u003c/a> results arrived from a commercial lab days later — an hour or two, Marco said, before he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They sent him to us not knowing he had COVID,” Marco said. “We found out only because of a happenstance relationship between two nurses in two different buildings.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California and nationwide, some skilled nursing facilities have gone well beyond the measures recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) earlier in the pandemic — including closing communal dining rooms and banning outside visitors — to protect their elderly or disabled patients who are at most risk of dying if infected with the novel coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re checking residents, and sometimes workers, for fever each day. Setting up special units for dialysis patients who need to leave the nursing home regularly for care. Requiring new residents to isolate in separate areas for 14 days. In some cases, nursing homes are requiring COVID-19 tests of new patients or returning residents before they can be readmitted, all the while worrying about \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/coronavirus-tests-are-being-fast-tracked-by-the-fda-but-its-unclear-how-accurate-they-are\">false negative results that have been reported\u003c/a> in some tests. Some homes are refusing new patients altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Headline-grabbing outbreaks at nursing homes in Riverside and Orinda underscore how quickly the coronavirus can spread through facilities and just how quickly it can fell patients and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Riverside, 83 patients \u003ca href=\"https://www.pe.com/2020/04/08/riverside-skilled-nursing-facility-with-39-coronavirus-cases-evacuated/\">were evacuated\u003c/a> Wednesday from Magnolia Rehabilitation and Nursing Center in the middle of its outbreak there because so many employees failed to show up for work. One COVID-positive certified nursing assistant, not among the no-shows, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pe.com/2020/04/13/woman-20-who-worked-at-riverside-nursing-home-with-outbreak-dies-from-coronavirus/\">has died\u003c/a>, a relative said Monday. Contra Costa County health officials asked the state to take over management of the Orinda Care Center after nearly a third of its staff members \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/east-bay/county-seeks-state-takeover-of-orinda-nursing-home-with-past-safety-violations/2270654/\">fell ill\u003c/a> along with 27 patients, two of whom died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 1,266 patients or staff in California’s 1,244 skilled nursing facilities have been infected to date, Gov. Gavin Newsom said Friday in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAgovernor/videos/665608347538933/\">online press conference\u003c/a>. California public health officials are monitoring 191 nursing homes with infected patients or staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in trying to secure their facilities against viral intrusion, some nursing homes may run afoul of state public health officials, who have said that to free up hospital beds, skilled nursing facilities \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/LCP/Pages/AFL-20-33.aspx\">may be required\u003c/a> to accept recovering COVID-19 patients — even if they’re still infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an outcry from the nursing home industry, the controversial requirement was loosened so that nursing homes may refuse to accept these patients if the facilities lack adequate protective gear for workers or other ways to prevent transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nursing homes are NOT the right place for the virus patients,” nursing home resident Dorothea Lack, an 81-year-old retired psychotherapist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wrote in an email to CalMatters. “They are like incubators. These helpless, fragile patients should not be exposed to this virulent disease! Just because they are old and helpless is not an excuse for risking their lives, without their knowledge or consent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the moral equation is grave: save hospital beds for the sickest COVID-19 patients or endanger the elderly, who are most at risk of dying if infected?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County’s public health director last week even \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-07/coronavirus-nursing-homes-residents-remove-la-county\">advised families\u003c/a> to consider pulling their loved ones out of nursing homes. It would be “perfectly appropriate,” said Dr. Barbara Ferrer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many families cannot properly care for their elderly relatives, some of whom may have severe dementia or chronic medical conditions that require daily nursing care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government does \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/more-2-200-coronavirus-deaths-nursing-homes-federal-government-isn-n1181026\">not track\u003c/a> nursing home deaths specifically. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has suggested nursing homes should dedicate “if possible” a wing or unit for patients transferred from hospitals. Its only \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/files/document/qso-20-14-nh-revised.pdf\">guidance\u003c/a> for nursing homes accepting patients from hospitals during the pandemic is that they should admit anyone they’d normally admit to their facility as long as they can follow CDC guidelines to prevent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without more specific federal direction, states are making up their own rules about what role skilled nursing facilities must play in housing recovering COVID-19 patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York is requiring nursing homes \u003ca href=\"https://www.justiceinaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Nursing-Facilities-and-Assisted-Living-During-the-COVID-19-Outbreak-4.3.20.pdf\">to accept patients\u003c/a> at the request of public health officials, no exceptions. Louisiana takes the opposite approach, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justiceinaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Nursing-Facilities-and-Assisted-Living-During-the-COVID-19-Outbreak-4.3.20.pdf\">prohibiting nursing homes\u003c/a> from accepting hospital patients who have tested positive for COVID-19 or have a pending test, or who have respiratory symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11812420\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11812420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1283\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/NURSING-HOMES-photo-2-1-1020x682.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Noah S. Marco, Jewish Home Chief Medical Officer, at the Grancell Village Campus in Reseda, Calif. \u003ccite>(Nancy Pastor/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the Los Angeles Jewish Home, Dr. Noah Marco said he simply will refuse any COVID-19 patients from hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not taking in a COVID-positive patient for the sole purpose of emptying one hospital bed. In two weeks, I’m sending them back 20 new patients,” he said. “No facilities have the kind of personal protective equipment they need. We don’t have isolation gowns, we’re out. We’d ordered as many as we can and we used them. You know what we’re using? We are using patient hospital gowns for our caregivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only approach that makes sense, Marco and other nursing home doctors say, is to use other facilities for recovering patients that don’t already have vulnerable seniors living there. “This is these people’s home and you cannot bring a COVID-positive person into a senior’s home, everyone would agree with that,” Marco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, California’s Public Health Department has not required any nursing homes to accept COVID-positive patients to free up hospital beds, but those orders — if they come — are likely to originate from county health departments. Some nursing homes are trying to prepare for this worst-case scenario, including the Campus for Jewish Living in San Francisco, which has prepared a separate wing where COVID-patients from hospitals could recover, the San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Ordered-by-the-state-SF-nursing-home-prepares-to-15185950.php\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nursing home officials may find some relief in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/04/10/governor-newsom-outlines-steps-to-protect-residents-and-employees-of-california-nursing-home-residential-care-facilities/\">plans announced Friday\u003c/a> by Gov. Newsom to deploy what he called “SWAT teams” of infectious disease experts to assist nursing homes experiencing large outbreaks, and 600 public health nurses more generally to help homes improve infection control. The state also will provide $500 stipends to as many as 50,000 nursing home workers, a consequence of a Facebook donation of up to $25 million. Officials also plan to offer \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2020/04/california-hotel-rooms-coronavirus-health-care-workers-covid-19/\">free or heavily discounted hotel rooms to infected or exposed nursing home workers\u003c/a> who don’t need to be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also said that more non-COVID-19 patients could be treated and recover on the hospital ship Mercy, docked at the Port of Los Angeles to reduce the burden on overloaded hospitals. He added that the state has identified seven additional, as yet undisclosed, sites outside of nursing homes where patients could recover. That could take the pressure off some nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This state has a disproportionate number of aging individuals and we have a unique responsibility to take care of them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, however, at least three sailors on the Mercy have \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/military/story/2020-04-10/2-more-hospital-ship-mercy-sailors-test-positive-for-covid-19\">tested positive\u003c/a> for COVID-19, possibly upending Newsom’s plans. They are isolated and recovering off the ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ideas we might normally dismiss out of hand, like how Microsoft co-founder and philanthropist \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/for-the-last-year-youtube-has-been-cracking-down-on-hoaxes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Gates cooked up COVID-19\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51735367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">that garlic can cure the disease\u003c/a>, can seem more credible during times of crisis or when we’re feeling unsure about information coming from experts and political authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why social media platforms like Facebook, Google and Twitter are plowing ahead with efforts to emphasize real news and de-emphasize fake news surrounding the coronavirus as the pandemic intensifies. Is it working? Kind of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been at it since January, in coordination with agencies like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization\u003c/a>, which declared the crisis a pandemic on Wednesday. But during public health emergencies, fear and cynicism have a way of amplifying fake news on the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, if you search for the word coronavirus on \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook\u003c/a>, you’ll see evidence of a new policy CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced last week. “A search for coronavirus on Facebook will surface a pop-up that directs you to the World Health Organization or your local health authority for the latest information,” the company wrote. “If you’re in a country where the WHO has reported person-to-person transmission, you’ll also see it in your News Feed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"text_exposed_show\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11806070\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1276\" height=\"1526\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM.png 1276w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM-160x191.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM-800x957.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM-1020x1220.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1276px) 100vw, 1276px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Facebook also said it is blocking content that could cause people harm, such as claims that discourage seeking treatment or taking appropriate precautions against the coronavirus. Posts and videos that shared conspiracy theories were clearly marked as false, once they had been reviewed by fact-checkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar situation is playing out on \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/authoritative-information-about-novel-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a>, where a simple search should also pull up information from credible sources. “In addition, we’re halting any auto-suggest results that are likely to direct individuals to non-credible content on Twitter,” the company \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/authoritative-information-about-novel-coronavirus.html\">wrote\u003c/a>. “This is an expansion of our \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/helping-you-find-reliable-public-health-information-on-twitter.html\">#KnowTheFacts\u003c/a> prompt, which we specifically put in place for the public to find clear, credible information on immunization and vaccination health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter wants to go even farther by clearly labeling misinformation, according to \u003ca href=\"https://help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/twitter-rules\">rules\u003c/a> announced in February by Del Harvey, Twitter’s vice president of trust and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our new rule: You may not deceptively share synthetic or manipulated media that are likely to cause harm,” she wrote. “In addition, we may label Tweets containing synthetic and manipulated media to help people understand their authenticity and to provide context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/delbius/status/1224802196283244545\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A critical part of this change was developing this with input from the public, civil society groups, and academic experts,” Harvey’s wrote on Twitter. “We received 6,500+ responses on our approach, and will continue to make changes like this openly and in consultation with people around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related stories\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Misinformation Works\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re confronting hucksters selling \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/health/fda-letter-coronavirus-cures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">silver as a cure for COVID-19\u003c/a> or hungry retailers trying to sell you overpriced face masks, your brain is partly to blame for why you feel compulsively led to click, comment and share — even if, on some level, you know the information is wrong or distorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the biases in our brain is novelty bias,” said Subbu Vincent, director of the Journalism and Media Ethics program at Santa Clara University’s Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. “We’re susceptible to the latest novel-sounding development and are drawn toward it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “Conspiracy theories exploit knowledge gaps in our minds between the world our brain sees and our fears. When we try to fill gaps quickly and simplistically, we can fall prey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complex explanations, Vincent said, require cognitive effort, and the heavy lift can seem less appealing than the “easy” answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, though, that it’s the same social media platforms that have trained us to respond quickly (and potentially irrationally) to novel information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don’t be alarmed by the screenshot below. This is what you should see if YouTube is successfully shutting down videos with misinformation in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11806149\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11806149 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM.png\" alt=\"If YouTube's content filters are working, you should see something like this when you click on misinformation about the coronavirus pandemic. \" width=\"1796\" height=\"1002\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM.png 1796w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM-800x446.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM-1020x569.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1796px) 100vw, 1796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If YouTube’s content filters are working, you should see something like this when you click on misinformation about the coronavirus pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Dangers of Engaging\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s been a fair amount of news coverage about retailers like Amazon and eBay trying to cut down on price-gouging. But that’s only one form of profiteering during this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, social media and phishing emails have led people to websites that promise information, a cure, or survival goods like face masks, and then proceed to steal credit card information and other personal details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cybersecurity firm \u003ca href=\"https://www.cybertalk.org/2020/03/06/coronavirus-themed-domains-50-more-likely-to-be-malicious-than-other-domains/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check Point\u003c/a> reported that coronavirus-themed domains are 50% more likely to be malicious than other domains. “Our \u003ca href=\"https://blog.checkpoint.com/2020/02/13/january-2020s-most-wanted-malware-coronavirus-themed-spam-spreads-malicious-emotet-malware/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global Threat Index for January 2020\u003c/a> shows that cyber criminals are exploiting interest in the global epidemic to spread malicious activity, with several spam campaigns related to the virus’s name,” the company wrote on its blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/03/04/trickbot-campaign-targets-coronavirus-fears-in-italy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sophos\u003c/a>, another cybersecurity company, found an uptick in so-called spear-phishing messages targeting people in Italy, where coronavirus infections have surged in recent weeks. Those messages, with the subject line “coronavirus: informazioni importanti su precauzioni,” include a link to a Microsoft Word document that claims to list cures for the virus. When downloaded, it installs malicious malware on people’s computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most experts agree that in general, you should carefully consider the source of any information. If it’s not credible, take a moment to question the claim, and beware of clicking through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophos’ blog post concluded, “As with most viruses – digital or biological – this particular contagion can be prevented through good hygiene.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ideas we might normally dismiss out of hand, like how Microsoft co-founder and philanthropist \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/for-the-last-year-youtube-has-been-cracking-down-on-hoaxes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill Gates cooked up COVID-19\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51735367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">that garlic can cure the disease\u003c/a>, can seem more credible during times of crisis or when we’re feeling unsure about information coming from experts and political authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why social media platforms like Facebook, Google and Twitter are plowing ahead with efforts to emphasize real news and de-emphasize fake news surrounding the coronavirus as the pandemic intensifies. Is it working? Kind of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been at it since January, in coordination with agencies like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization\u003c/a>, which declared the crisis a pandemic on Wednesday. But during public health emergencies, fear and cynicism have a way of amplifying fake news on the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, if you search for the word coronavirus on \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2020/01/coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook\u003c/a>, you’ll see evidence of a new policy CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced last week. “A search for coronavirus on Facebook will surface a pop-up that directs you to the World Health Organization or your local health authority for the latest information,” the company wrote. “If you’re in a country where the WHO has reported person-to-person transmission, you’ll also see it in your News Feed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"text_exposed_show\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11806070\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1276\" height=\"1526\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM.png 1276w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM-160x191.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM-800x957.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-09-at-1.32.33-PM-1020x1220.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1276px) 100vw, 1276px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Facebook also said it is blocking content that could cause people harm, such as claims that discourage seeking treatment or taking appropriate precautions against the coronavirus. Posts and videos that shared conspiracy theories were clearly marked as false, once they had been reviewed by fact-checkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar situation is playing out on \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/authoritative-information-about-novel-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a>, where a simple search should also pull up information from credible sources. “In addition, we’re halting any auto-suggest results that are likely to direct individuals to non-credible content on Twitter,” the company \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/authoritative-information-about-novel-coronavirus.html\">wrote\u003c/a>. “This is an expansion of our \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/helping-you-find-reliable-public-health-information-on-twitter.html\">#KnowTheFacts\u003c/a> prompt, which we specifically put in place for the public to find clear, credible information on immunization and vaccination health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter wants to go even farther by clearly labeling misinformation, according to \u003ca href=\"https://help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/twitter-rules\">rules\u003c/a> announced in February by Del Harvey, Twitter’s vice president of trust and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our new rule: You may not deceptively share synthetic or manipulated media that are likely to cause harm,” she wrote. “In addition, we may label Tweets containing synthetic and manipulated media to help people understand their authenticity and to provide context.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“A critical part of this change was developing this with input from the public, civil society groups, and academic experts,” Harvey’s wrote on Twitter. “We received 6,500+ responses on our approach, and will continue to make changes like this openly and in consultation with people around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Misinformation Works\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re confronting hucksters selling \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/health/fda-letter-coronavirus-cures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">silver as a cure for COVID-19\u003c/a> or hungry retailers trying to sell you overpriced face masks, your brain is partly to blame for why you feel compulsively led to click, comment and share — even if, on some level, you know the information is wrong or distorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the biases in our brain is novelty bias,” said Subbu Vincent, director of the Journalism and Media Ethics program at Santa Clara University’s Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. “We’re susceptible to the latest novel-sounding development and are drawn toward it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “Conspiracy theories exploit knowledge gaps in our minds between the world our brain sees and our fears. When we try to fill gaps quickly and simplistically, we can fall prey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complex explanations, Vincent said, require cognitive effort, and the heavy lift can seem less appealing than the “easy” answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, though, that it’s the same social media platforms that have trained us to respond quickly (and potentially irrationally) to novel information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don’t be alarmed by the screenshot below. This is what you should see if YouTube is successfully shutting down videos with misinformation in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11806149\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11806149 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM.png\" alt=\"If YouTube's content filters are working, you should see something like this when you click on misinformation about the coronavirus pandemic. \" width=\"1796\" height=\"1002\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM.png 1796w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM-800x446.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-8.01.55-AM-1020x569.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1796px) 100vw, 1796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If YouTube’s content filters are working, you should see something like this when you click on misinformation about the coronavirus pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Dangers of Engaging\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s been a fair amount of news coverage about retailers like Amazon and eBay trying to cut down on price-gouging. But that’s only one form of profiteering during this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, social media and phishing emails have led people to websites that promise information, a cure, or survival goods like face masks, and then proceed to steal credit card information and other personal details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cybersecurity firm \u003ca href=\"https://www.cybertalk.org/2020/03/06/coronavirus-themed-domains-50-more-likely-to-be-malicious-than-other-domains/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check Point\u003c/a> reported that coronavirus-themed domains are 50% more likely to be malicious than other domains. “Our \u003ca href=\"https://blog.checkpoint.com/2020/02/13/january-2020s-most-wanted-malware-coronavirus-themed-spam-spreads-malicious-emotet-malware/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global Threat Index for January 2020\u003c/a> shows that cyber criminals are exploiting interest in the global epidemic to spread malicious activity, with several spam campaigns related to the virus’s name,” the company wrote on its blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2020/03/04/trickbot-campaign-targets-coronavirus-fears-in-italy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sophos\u003c/a>, another cybersecurity company, found an uptick in so-called spear-phishing messages targeting people in Italy, where coronavirus infections have surged in recent weeks. Those messages, with the subject line “coronavirus: informazioni importanti su precauzioni,” include a link to a Microsoft Word document that claims to list cures for the virus. When downloaded, it installs malicious malware on people’s computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most experts agree that in general, you should carefully consider the source of any information. If it’s not credible, take a moment to question the claim, and beware of clicking through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophos’ blog post concluded, “As with most viruses – digital or biological – this particular contagion can be prevented through good hygiene.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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