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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The FDA has authorized the use of those tests by using just the first and second step to provide a definitive diagnostic,” Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar said during a congressional hearing Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty labs — local and state public health labs as well as select department of defense labs — across the U.S. are already authorized to start using the modified test, and all 93 labs should be able to start testing by next week, Azar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was welcomed by public health officials, who have been frustrated by the testing snag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really good news,” says Kelly Wroblewski, director of infectious diseases for the Association of Public Health Laboratories, which represents public health labs around the United States. “Testing is incredibly important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without wide-scale testing, she says, there’s no way to know if the virus is spreading silently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a critical time,” Wroblewski says. “We don’t think it’s spreading very widely yet, but if you’re not looking for something, you won’t find it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cases could go undiagnosed, delaying treatment and allowing infected people to spread the virus to others, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you know that it’s there, you can take appropriate steps to encourage people who might have the disease to stay home — to self-quarantine. You would probably go ahead and test their family members to see if their close contacts have also got the disease,” she says. “You can maybe limit the spread if you catch it early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated by the problems with the CDC kits, the association had asked the FDA to allow individual states to develop and use their own tests. But Wroblewski says the resolution of the problem with the CDC will hopefully make that unnecessary\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having these additional laboratories on board and ready to test is going to put us in a much, much better position to respond,” Wroblewski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Has+Fixed+Issue+Delaying+Coronavirus+Testing+In+U.S.%2C+Health+Officials+Say+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Wednesday, Feb. 12: \u003c/strong>The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced at a news conference today that preliminary trials of the COVID-19 diagnostic testing kits it sent to some states produced inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health had previously stated that diagnostic testing for COVID-19 at California labs could begin as early as Wednesday, Feb. 12. The agency will delay that testing until the state receives new materials from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED Science, CDPH representatives said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The California Department of Public Health has been informed that after consultation and agreement with the FDA, the CDC is manufacturing a replacement component of the test kit to better ensure quality control. The California Department of Public Health remains poised to start testing for 2019 novel coronavirus upon receiving those materials.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, Tuesday, Feb. 11:\u003c/strong> State health officials say labs throughout California will soon begin testing for the 2019 novel coronavirus the World Health Organization recently named COVID-19. So far, seven people in California have been diagnosed with the flu-like disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> announced that 16 labs are receiving the testing kits developed by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, hospitals throughout the U.S., in collaboration with state and local health departments, shipped samples to the CDC’s laboratory in Atlanta for testing. Results could take up to a week to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says it expects results from local testing within two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Testing here will allow us to get results faster for patient care and protecting public health,” Dr. Sonia Angell, California Department of Public Health Director, said in a video posted online Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAPublicHealth/status/1225968747246043143\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDPH’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/VRDL.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory\u003c/a> in Richmond, California is one of the labs getting ready to begin testing. A spokesperson confirmed that the Richmond lab will have the capacity to run about 40 to 50 COVID-19 diagnostic tests a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC-developed test is a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or RRT-PCR, test that’s similar to others performed in the state’s labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>, CDPH said the agency’s local partners expect to start testing within a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> announced that 16 labs are receiving the testing kits developed by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, hospitals throughout the U.S., in collaboration with state and local health departments, shipped samples to the CDC’s laboratory in Atlanta for testing. Results could take up to a week to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says it expects results from local testing within two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Testing here will allow us to get results faster for patient care and protecting public health,” Dr. Sonia Angell, California Department of Public Health Director, said in a video posted online Friday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>CDPH’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/VRDL.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory\u003c/a> in Richmond, California is one of the labs getting ready to begin testing. A spokesperson confirmed that the Richmond lab will have the capacity to run about 40 to 50 COVID-19 diagnostic tests a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC-developed test is a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or RRT-PCR, test that’s similar to others performed in the state’s labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>, CDPH said the agency’s local partners expect to start testing within a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed an adult male resident of Santa Clara County has tested positive for the coronavirus, county public health officials announced on Friday. It’s the first such case in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man had recently traveled to Wuhan, China — the source of the global outbreak — and became ill after returning home, officials said in a press release. He has largely been isolated at home since he returned to San Jose International Airport on Jan. 24 and only left his home twice to seek outpatient medical care after he began experiencing symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak that originated in Wuhan has infected more than 9,800 people globally as of Friday. The World Health Organization declared it a global health emergency on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11798751 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40986_iStock-1170728885-qut-1020x680.jpg']The new case marks the seventh in the U.S. and the third in California — the other two were confirmed in Los Angeles and Orange counties. All infected people in the U.S. except one recently traveled to Wuhan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials with Santa Clara County, California and the CDC are now conducting a public health investigation to identify the people the man came into contact with since he returned to the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes people he interacted with while traveling, medical staff and the “very few” people in his household, officials said. Anyone who has been exposed will be contacted by an investigation team member, monitored for symptoms and instructed to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that this news may be concerning, but based on what we know today, the risk to residents of our community remains low,” said Dr. Sara Cody, a Santa Clara County health officer. “This news is not unexpected. Santa Clara County has the largest population in the Bay Area, and many of our residents travel for both personal and business reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cody said the patient had been to Wuhan and Shanghai, but said he is believed to have contracted the virus in Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county has been preparing for weeks, and officials weren’t surprised to have the first Bay Area case of the virus, Cody said. But public risk remains low, since the man has remained mostly isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one case in fact does not change the risk for the general public,” Cody said. “Although we are announcing a confirmed case today … please know that we do not have evidence to suggest that the novel coronavirus is circulating in the Bay Area, in Santa Clara County or really in Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cody said residents remain far more likely to become ill from the flu, which she noted kills an average of 36,000 Americans every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re sick, stay home, stay away from others,” Cody said. You should cough and sneeze into your elbow, wash your hands frequently, get the flu shot and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed an adult male resident of Santa Clara County has tested positive for the coronavirus, county public health officials announced on Friday. It’s the first such case in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man had recently traveled to Wuhan, China — the source of the global outbreak — and became ill after returning home, officials said in a press release. He has largely been isolated at home since he returned to San Jose International Airport on Jan. 24 and only left his home twice to seek outpatient medical care after he began experiencing symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak that originated in Wuhan has infected more than 9,800 people globally as of Friday. The World Health Organization declared it a global health emergency on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The new case marks the seventh in the U.S. and the third in California — the other two were confirmed in Los Angeles and Orange counties. All infected people in the U.S. except one recently traveled to Wuhan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials with Santa Clara County, California and the CDC are now conducting a public health investigation to identify the people the man came into contact with since he returned to the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes people he interacted with while traveling, medical staff and the “very few” people in his household, officials said. Anyone who has been exposed will be contacted by an investigation team member, monitored for symptoms and instructed to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that this news may be concerning, but based on what we know today, the risk to residents of our community remains low,” said Dr. Sara Cody, a Santa Clara County health officer. “This news is not unexpected. Santa Clara County has the largest population in the Bay Area, and many of our residents travel for both personal and business reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cody said the patient had been to Wuhan and Shanghai, but said he is believed to have contracted the virus in Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county has been preparing for weeks, and officials weren’t surprised to have the first Bay Area case of the virus, Cody said. But public risk remains low, since the man has remained mostly isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one case in fact does not change the risk for the general public,” Cody said. “Although we are announcing a confirmed case today … please know that we do not have evidence to suggest that the novel coronavirus is circulating in the Bay Area, in Santa Clara County or really in Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cody said residents remain far more likely to become ill from the flu, which she noted kills an average of 36,000 Americans every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re sick, stay home, stay away from others,” Cody said. You should cough and sneeze into your elbow, wash your hands frequently, get the flu shot and avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Chart: Wuhan Coronavirus Compared With MERS, SARS and Common Cold",
"headTitle": "Chart: Wuhan Coronavirus Compared With MERS, SARS and Common Cold | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A new strain of coronavirus — named 2019-nCoV — has been discovered in China. Viruses in the coronavirus category can cause fever, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and diarrhea. Some are potentially fatal. Others can cause the relatively mild common cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a look at the most well-known coronaviruses: what they have in common and how they differ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1956072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg 812w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/coronavirus-20200121?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word “corona” is Latin for crown. Under a microscope, these viruses look like a circle with spikes ending in little blobs coming off the surface. Treatment for the more severe coronaviruses typically consists of rest, quarantine and/or hospitalization. There are no approved vaccines at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are many unknowns about what is informally referred to as “Wuhan coronavirus,” for the city where cases were first diagnosed. Among the questions being investigated: how the disease is transmitted and how lethal it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whenever a virus enters the human population from animals, we don’t know its full potential at that time,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/heymann.david\">David Heymann\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And different viruses in this category have different impacts. “SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] killed people of all ages. It was a very vicious and very violent virus infection,” says Heymann. “MERS [Middle East respiratory syndrome], however, doesn’t appear to be so virulent in younger people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Does+Wuhan+Coronavirus+Compare+With+MERS%2C+SARS+And+The+Common+Cold%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new strain of coronavirus — named 2019-nCoV — has been discovered in China. Viruses in the coronavirus category can cause fever, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and diarrhea. Some are potentially fatal. Others can cause the relatively mild common cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a look at the most well-known coronaviruses: what they have in common and how they differ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1956072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg 812w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/coronavirus-20200121?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word “corona” is Latin for crown. Under a microscope, these viruses look like a circle with spikes ending in little blobs coming off the surface. Treatment for the more severe coronaviruses typically consists of rest, quarantine and/or hospitalization. There are no approved vaccines at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are many unknowns about what is informally referred to as “Wuhan coronavirus,” for the city where cases were first diagnosed. Among the questions being investigated: how the disease is transmitted and how lethal it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whenever a virus enters the human population from animals, we don’t know its full potential at that time,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/heymann.david\">David Heymann\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And different viruses in this category have different impacts. “SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] killed people of all ages. It was a very vicious and very violent virus infection,” says Heymann. “MERS [Middle East respiratory syndrome], however, doesn’t appear to be so virulent in younger people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At least six of the 62 potential cases of severe lung disease linked to vaping products in California are located in the Bay Area, according to county health officials in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health on Tuesday said it has identified 62 potential cases since late June of acute lung disease in people with a recent history of vaping. Some cases involve people who vaped using unlicensed or unregulated cannabis products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of those cases are in Alameda County, according to Neetu Balram, a spokesperson for the county's Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balram said the first two cases under investigation went to the hospital in late July, and health officials learned of them in August. The most recent case came to the county's attention last week, Balram said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While health officials wouldn’t discuss the specifics of individual cases, most involved teenagers or young people and the use of some form of cannabis, according to Dr. Erica Pan, Alameda County interim health officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My understanding of the ones we’ve had so far — and what we’re seeing in the state — is that most of them have been related to some sort of cannabinoid or THC,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two potential cases in the region are located in Contra Costa and Solano counties, though a spokesman for Contra Costa County Health Services’ Public Health division noted that the case has not yet been confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other six Bay Area counties — San Francisco, Napa, Sonoma, Marin, San Mateo and Santa Clara — have not yet reported any cases, but health officials are still urging caution as the number of potential vaping-related illnesses surges nationally and across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until we know what’s causing this, the only way to be sure we’re protected is to avoid using e-cigarettes,\" said Marin Health and Human Services Public Health Officer Dr. Matt Willis in a statement. \"It’s just not safe to vape.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday reported 450 cases nationally in 33 states and one U.S. territory since July. Most, but not all cases, have been associated with e-cigarette products containing cannabis. The CDC has not yet identified the substance within vaping products that may be causing acute lung injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='vaping' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County health officials announced Friday the first death in California associated with vaping. The death is still under investigation. The CDC reported five deaths as of Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations come as the number of teenagers and young people using vaping products is surging nationally and health authorities are working to crack down on companies that sell e-cigarette products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a strongly worded letter Monday, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration blasted San Francisco-based vaping company Juul for illegally pitching its products as a safer alternative to smoking and ordered the company to stop making unproved claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Juul said the company will \"fully cooperate\" with federal health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ted Goldberg contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My understanding of the ones we’ve had so far — and what we’re seeing in the state — is that most of them have been related to some sort of cannabinoid or THC,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other two potential cases in the region are located in Contra Costa and Solano counties, though a spokesman for Contra Costa County Health Services’ Public Health division noted that the case has not yet been confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other six Bay Area counties — San Francisco, Napa, Sonoma, Marin, San Mateo and Santa Clara — have not yet reported any cases, but health officials are still urging caution as the number of potential vaping-related illnesses surges nationally and across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until we know what’s causing this, the only way to be sure we’re protected is to avoid using e-cigarettes,\" said Marin Health and Human Services Public Health Officer Dr. Matt Willis in a statement. \"It’s just not safe to vape.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday reported 450 cases nationally in 33 states and one U.S. territory since July. Most, but not all cases, have been associated with e-cigarette products containing cannabis. The CDC has not yet identified the substance within vaping products that may be causing acute lung injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County health officials announced Friday the first death in California associated with vaping. The death is still under investigation. The CDC reported five deaths as of Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations come as the number of teenagers and young people using vaping products is surging nationally and health authorities are working to crack down on companies that sell e-cigarette products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a strongly worded letter Monday, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration blasted San Francisco-based vaping company Juul for illegally pitching its products as a safer alternative to smoking and ordered the company to stop making unproved claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Juul said the company will \"fully cooperate\" with federal health authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ted Goldberg contributed reporting to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated on Friday at 8:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday that the number of possible cases of severe respiratory illnesses among people who vaped nicotine or cannabis-related products has more than doubled, to 450 in 33 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although more investigation is needed to determine the vaping agent or agents responsible, there is clearly an epidemic that begs for an urgent response,” David Christiani of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health writes in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1912032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial \u003c/a>published Friday in \u003cem>The New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a media briefing Friday, the CDC suggested people should avoid using e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While this investigation is ongoing, people should consider not using e-cigarette products,” says Dr. Dana Meaney-Delman, incident manager of the CDC’s response to the vaping-related lung injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who do use e-cigarette products should monitor themselves for symptoms, for example, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and vomiting — and promptly seek medical attention for any health concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, the CDC said the number of reported vaping-related cases stood at 215. Five people have died — in Illinois, Oregon, Indiana, Minnesota and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='vaping' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, though not all, of the patients who have fallen ill had used cannabis-derived vaping products, and some also used nicotine-containing products. A smaller group reported using nicotine only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No infectious causes have been identified, and the CDC told reporters that the “lung illnesses are likely associated with a chemical exposure.” But it is too early to pinpoint a single product or substance that is common to all cases, the CDC said, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1911614?query=recirc_curatedRelated_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary research\u003c/a> also published Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those studies, officials in Illinois and Wisconsin detailed 53 cases they’ve investigated, 28 in Wisconsin and 25 in Illinois. They described the vaping history of 41 patients where complete information was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 80% of those patients had used products containing THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, and 61% used nicotine products. Some 7% used cannabidiol, or CBD, products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the patients were male, with an average age of 19, and all were previously healthy. They were sick for several days prior to being hospitalized, with respiratory symptoms being most common, followed by fever, fatigue, weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some of these cases, officials said, patients either used only THC products or only nicotine. Patients reported using 14 different brands of THC products and 13 brands of nicotine products in a wide range of flavors. It’s possible patients did not accurately report which kinds of products they had vaped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is because no single product or substance has been definitively tied to the respiratory illnesses, the CDC said, that people should consider not using e-cigarettes, particularly those purchased from sources other than authorized retailers, such as dispensaries in states where the drug is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult smokers who vape nicotine in order to quit smoking should consult with their health care provider and use proven treatments, the CDC says, not e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, New York state health officials said lab tests found vitamin E acetate in a number of cannabis-containing vaping cartridges submitted by people who fell ill and that it is now a “key focus” of their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitch Zeller, director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, said in Friday’s briefing that the agency now had 120 samples of e-cigarettes available for testing and that “no one substance or compound, including vitamin E acetate, has been identified in all the samples tested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeller said the FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vaping-illnesses-consumers-can-help-protect-themselves-by-avoiding-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc-containing-vaping-products-300913542.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzing samples\u003c/a> for a broad range of substances, including nicotine, THC and other cannabinoids, along with cutting agents, diluents, additives, pesticides, opioids, poisons and toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these increasing reports,” Zeller said, “if you’re thinking of purchasing one of these products off the street, out of the back of a car, out of a trunk, in an alley — or if you are then going to go home and make modifications to the product yourself using something that you purchased from some third party or got from a friend — think twice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Says+Number+Of+Possible+Cases+Of+Vaping-Related+Lung+Illness+Has+Doubled&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated on Friday at 8:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday that the number of possible cases of severe respiratory illnesses among people who vaped nicotine or cannabis-related products has more than doubled, to 450 in 33 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although more investigation is needed to determine the vaping agent or agents responsible, there is clearly an epidemic that begs for an urgent response,” David Christiani of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health writes in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1912032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial \u003c/a>published Friday in \u003cem>The New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a media briefing Friday, the CDC suggested people should avoid using e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While this investigation is ongoing, people should consider not using e-cigarette products,” says Dr. Dana Meaney-Delman, incident manager of the CDC’s response to the vaping-related lung injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who do use e-cigarette products should monitor themselves for symptoms, for example, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and vomiting — and promptly seek medical attention for any health concerns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, the CDC said the number of reported vaping-related cases stood at 215. Five people have died — in Illinois, Oregon, Indiana, Minnesota and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, though not all, of the patients who have fallen ill had used cannabis-derived vaping products, and some also used nicotine-containing products. A smaller group reported using nicotine only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No infectious causes have been identified, and the CDC told reporters that the “lung illnesses are likely associated with a chemical exposure.” But it is too early to pinpoint a single product or substance that is common to all cases, the CDC said, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1911614?query=recirc_curatedRelated_article\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary research\u003c/a> also published Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those studies, officials in Illinois and Wisconsin detailed 53 cases they’ve investigated, 28 in Wisconsin and 25 in Illinois. They described the vaping history of 41 patients where complete information was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 80% of those patients had used products containing THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, and 61% used nicotine products. Some 7% used cannabidiol, or CBD, products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the patients were male, with an average age of 19, and all were previously healthy. They were sick for several days prior to being hospitalized, with respiratory symptoms being most common, followed by fever, fatigue, weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some of these cases, officials said, patients either used only THC products or only nicotine. Patients reported using 14 different brands of THC products and 13 brands of nicotine products in a wide range of flavors. It’s possible patients did not accurately report which kinds of products they had vaped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is because no single product or substance has been definitively tied to the respiratory illnesses, the CDC said, that people should consider not using e-cigarettes, particularly those purchased from sources other than authorized retailers, such as dispensaries in states where the drug is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult smokers who vape nicotine in order to quit smoking should consult with their health care provider and use proven treatments, the CDC says, not e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, New York state health officials said lab tests found vitamin E acetate in a number of cannabis-containing vaping cartridges submitted by people who fell ill and that it is now a “key focus” of their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitch Zeller, director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products, said in Friday’s briefing that the agency now had 120 samples of e-cigarettes available for testing and that “no one substance or compound, including vitamin E acetate, has been identified in all the samples tested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeller said the FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vaping-illnesses-consumers-can-help-protect-themselves-by-avoiding-tetrahydrocannabinol-thc-containing-vaping-products-300913542.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzing samples\u003c/a> for a broad range of substances, including nicotine, THC and other cannabinoids, along with cutting agents, diluents, additives, pesticides, opioids, poisons and toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these increasing reports,” Zeller said, “if you’re thinking of purchasing one of these products off the street, out of the back of a car, out of a trunk, in an alley — or if you are then going to go home and make modifications to the product yourself using something that you purchased from some third party or got from a friend — think twice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+Says+Number+Of+Possible+Cases+Of+Vaping-Related+Lung+Illness+Has+Doubled&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's attorney general on Monday sued the pharmaceutical company behind the painkiller OxyContin, alleging it falsely promoted the drug as not addictive even as it emerged as among the most widely abused in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Robert Josephson, Purdue Pharma']' ... the state is seeking to publicly vilify Purdue and its former directors while unfairly undermining the important work we have taken to address the opioid crisis.'[/pullquote]State Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/53464758.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accused\u003c/a> Purdue and its former president, Dr. Richard Sackler, of stoking the crisis with irresponsible practices. The lawsuit alleges that as part of its \"deceptive\" marketing campaign to help increase sales, Purdue distributed literature and other materials that \"misrepresented\" the safety of its opioid products to health care professionals and patients in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America's most populous state is the latest to join a number of lawsuits against Purdue Pharma as the country grapples with a rising number of fatal drug overdoses linked to opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one's life or health should be for sale,\" Becerra said at a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Purdue and the Sacklers traded the health and well-being of Californians for profit and created an unprecedented national public health crisis in the process,\" he said. \"But we will hold them accountable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue Pharma and its individual former directors \"vigorously deny the allegations\" filed in California and will continue to defend itself against \"misleading attacks,\" company spokesman Robert Josephson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Xavier Becerra, state attorney general']'Purdue and the Sacklers traded the health and well-being of Californians for profit and created an unprecedented national public health crisis in the process.'[/pullquote]\"Such allegations demand clear evidence linking the conduct alleged to the harm described, but we believe the state fails to show such causation and offers little evidence to support its sweeping legal claims,\" Josephson said. \"Instead, the state is seeking to publicly vilify Purdue and its former directors while unfairly undermining the important work we have taken to address the opioid crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says opioids were involved in more than 47,000 fatal overdoses in 2017. That same year, there were 2,196 opioid-related overdose deaths in California, Becerra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue and other opioid manufacturers have faced a growing number of lawsuits from state and local governments over the marketing and promotion of opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='opioids' label='More Coverage of the Opioid Crisis']Purdue stopped marketing OxyContin last year. It settled a lawsuit by the state of Oklahoma in March for $270 million. The company has also said it is pursuing several options, including bankruptcy, which could upend pending litigation by state and local governments across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Purdue Pharma and Dr. Sackler started the fire and then poured gasoline on the opioid crisis with practices that were irresponsible, unconscionable and unlawful,\" Becerra said in a news release announcing the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dozen other states have sued at least one member of the Sackler family over the toll of opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Museum of Art has said it will no longer accept gifts from the Sackler family, The New York Times reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit further alleges that as part of its aggressive deceptive marketing campaign to help increase sales, Purdue distributed literature and other materials that misrepresented the safety of its opioid products to health care professionals and patients in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "' ... the state is seeking to publicly vilify Purdue and its former directors while unfairly undermining the important work we have taken to address the opioid crisis.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/53464758.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accused\u003c/a> Purdue and its former president, Dr. Richard Sackler, of stoking the crisis with irresponsible practices. The lawsuit alleges that as part of its \"deceptive\" marketing campaign to help increase sales, Purdue distributed literature and other materials that \"misrepresented\" the safety of its opioid products to health care professionals and patients in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America's most populous state is the latest to join a number of lawsuits against Purdue Pharma as the country grapples with a rising number of fatal drug overdoses linked to opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one's life or health should be for sale,\" Becerra said at a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Purdue and the Sacklers traded the health and well-being of Californians for profit and created an unprecedented national public health crisis in the process,\" he said. \"But we will hold them accountable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue Pharma and its individual former directors \"vigorously deny the allegations\" filed in California and will continue to defend itself against \"misleading attacks,\" company spokesman Robert Josephson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Purdue and the Sacklers traded the health and well-being of Californians for profit and created an unprecedented national public health crisis in the process.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"Such allegations demand clear evidence linking the conduct alleged to the harm described, but we believe the state fails to show such causation and offers little evidence to support its sweeping legal claims,\" Josephson said. \"Instead, the state is seeking to publicly vilify Purdue and its former directors while unfairly undermining the important work we have taken to address the opioid crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says opioids were involved in more than 47,000 fatal overdoses in 2017. That same year, there were 2,196 opioid-related overdose deaths in California, Becerra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue and other opioid manufacturers have faced a growing number of lawsuits from state and local governments over the marketing and promotion of opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Purdue stopped marketing OxyContin last year. It settled a lawsuit by the state of Oklahoma in March for $270 million. The company has also said it is pursuing several options, including bankruptcy, which could upend pending litigation by state and local governments across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Purdue Pharma and Dr. Sackler started the fire and then poured gasoline on the opioid crisis with practices that were irresponsible, unconscionable and unlawful,\" Becerra said in a news release announcing the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dozen other states have sued at least one member of the Sackler family over the toll of opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Museum of Art has said it will no longer accept gifts from the Sackler family, The New York Times reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit further alleges that as part of its aggressive deceptive marketing campaign to help increase sales, Purdue distributed literature and other materials that misrepresented the safety of its opioid products to health care professionals and patients in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "CDC Chair on Trump’s Transgender Proposal: Stigma is ‘Not in The Interest of Public Health’",
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"content": "\u003cp>The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Tuesday suggested a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11700270/trump-move-to-redefine-gender-could-lead-to-david-and-goliath-battle-with-transgender-californians\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump administration proposal\u003c/a> that would define someone’s sex at birth risked heightening stigma around transgender people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director, Robert Redfield, did not directly criticize the proposal. But when asked whether any such effort might hamper efforts to treat HIV, especially among transgender women, he replied: “We need to understand that stigmatizing illness, stigmatizing individuals is not in the interest of public health.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"mVeGOCjwCxD05uYuQsgkbTz0xWyggdvD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made the remarks in an interview with STAT Executive Editor Rick Berke at the opening session of the Milken Institute’s Future of Health Summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Redfield said he was not involved in developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/us/politics/transgender-trump-administration-sex-definition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the policy\u003c/a>, which was first reported by the New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The proposal was criticized by scientists, who pointed out that it \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/22/scientists-see-a-problem-with-trump-plan-on-defining-sex-biology/\">stands in contradiction to basic biology\u003c/a>, which recognizes that many individuals are born with sex chromosomes or genitalia that don’t conform to the social definitions of “male” and “female.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump addressed the issue Monday, telling reporters that the administration is “looking at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of different concepts right now,” Trump said. “They have a lot of different things happening with respect to transgender right now. You know that as well as I do and we’re looking at it very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees the CDC, has declined to comment on the substance of the proposal directly. On Monday, the Washington Post reported that, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/trump-administration-considering-different-concepts-regarding-transgender-rights-with-some-pushing-back-internally/2018/10/22/0668f4da-d624-11e8-83a2-d1c3da28d6b6_story.html?utm_term=.5da392e86f59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HHS is backing the proposal\u003c/a>, the Department of Education is pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield also argued that stigma is harmful more broadly, saying that it interferes with actually treating a disease, such as addiction to opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the stigma around opioid use now is greater than the stigma around AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nothing compared to what we’re confronting with drug use,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, the issue is personal — his son has been in recovery for drug use for three years.[contextly_sidebar id=\"SSyvhjTE85ossB5jaH387kntcvQgQVWT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I pray for him every day,” Redfield said. “People don’t realize that addiction is a medical condition, it’s not a moral failing. People don’t realize it’s a chronic medical condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield compared it to another disease, like cancer. We don’t stigmatize people whose cancer goes into remission and then flares back up, he said, so why do we stigmatize people who relapse after treatment for drug use?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that treatment for addiction should be integrated into primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/23/cdc-director-on-trump-transgender-proposal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Tuesday suggested a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11700270/trump-move-to-redefine-gender-could-lead-to-david-and-goliath-battle-with-transgender-californians\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump administration proposal\u003c/a> that would define someone’s sex at birth risked heightening stigma around transgender people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director, Robert Redfield, did not directly criticize the proposal. But when asked whether any such effort might hamper efforts to treat HIV, especially among transgender women, he replied: “We need to understand that stigmatizing illness, stigmatizing individuals is not in the interest of public health.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made the remarks in an interview with STAT Executive Editor Rick Berke at the opening session of the Milken Institute’s Future of Health Summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Redfield said he was not involved in developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/us/politics/transgender-trump-administration-sex-definition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the policy\u003c/a>, which was first reported by the New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The proposal was criticized by scientists, who pointed out that it \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/22/scientists-see-a-problem-with-trump-plan-on-defining-sex-biology/\">stands in contradiction to basic biology\u003c/a>, which recognizes that many individuals are born with sex chromosomes or genitalia that don’t conform to the social definitions of “male” and “female.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump addressed the issue Monday, telling reporters that the administration is “looking at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of different concepts right now,” Trump said. “They have a lot of different things happening with respect to transgender right now. You know that as well as I do and we’re looking at it very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees the CDC, has declined to comment on the substance of the proposal directly. On Monday, the Washington Post reported that, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/trump-administration-considering-different-concepts-regarding-transgender-rights-with-some-pushing-back-internally/2018/10/22/0668f4da-d624-11e8-83a2-d1c3da28d6b6_story.html?utm_term=.5da392e86f59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HHS is backing the proposal\u003c/a>, the Department of Education is pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield also argued that stigma is harmful more broadly, saying that it interferes with actually treating a disease, such as addiction to opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the stigma around opioid use now is greater than the stigma around AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nothing compared to what we’re confronting with drug use,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, the issue is personal — his son has been in recovery for drug use for three years.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I pray for him every day,” Redfield said. “People don’t realize that addiction is a medical condition, it’s not a moral failing. People don’t realize it’s a chronic medical condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield compared it to another disease, like cancer. We don’t stigmatize people whose cancer goes into remission and then flares back up, he said, so why do we stigmatize people who relapse after treatment for drug use?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that treatment for addiction should be integrated into primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/23/cdc-director-on-trump-transgender-proposal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is the End of HIV Transmission in the U.S. Near?",
"title": "Is the End of HIV Transmission in the U.S. Near?",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">A \u003c/span>\u003c/span>mere decade ago, 45,000 Americans a year were contracting HIV. Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started collecting data on HIV-related deaths just over 30 years ago, more than half a million of those people have died from AIDS.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lO0syDiO3AlElegX7fRdQulfH7k681UG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">And yet, today, the struggle against HIV may be undergoing a sea change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">U.S. health officials and HIV experts are beginning to talk about a future \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in which transmission in the United States could be halted\u003c/a>. And that future, they say, could come not within a generation, but in the span of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“We have the science to solve the AIDS epidemic,” Dr. Robert Redfield, the director of the CDC, himself a longtime HIV researcher and clinician, told STAT in a recent interview. “We’ve invested in it. Let’s put it into action.‘’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Other leaders in the HIV field have been musing about the idea, buoyed by the astonishing impact effective HIV medications have wrought, both on the lives of people infected with or at risk of contracting the virus, and on the trajectory of the epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“It’s certainly doable in the United States,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a researcher whose study focused on HIV from the earliest days of the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci and other health experts are quick to point out that the goal of stopping transmission entirely is largely theoretical. There will always be some new cases, and the barriers to providing treatment to existing cases remain significant. There are still just under 40,000 people in the U.S. each year contracting HIV. As Fauci put it: “We live in a real world, we don’t live in a theoretical world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “if we implement all the tools that we have and if we can theoretically, conceptually, get everybody who’s HIV infected on antiretroviral drug so that they will not transmit the infection to anyone else, theoretically you could end the epidemic tomorrow by doing that,” he added.[contextly_sidebar id=\"wauS1YFripUOWbpsTIa7lXm8j8pGcJjw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a highly effective vaccine — and likely, even, in the presence of one — consigning the global HIV/AIDS epidemic to the history books would be impossible. And at the moment, that’s moot: Despite decades of research on HIV vaccines, the holy grail of HIV control remains an unmet goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even without a vaccine, experts believe transmission could be largely stopped in this country — a goal that until the past few years would have been unthinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Redfield told CDC staff that he believed HIV transmission in the United States \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could be halted over the next three to seven years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundation of the dream is the realization that, if taken correctly, today’s potent antiretroviral drugs will drive down the amount of virus in an HIV-infected person’s system to undetectable levels. People who reach that state, known as viral suppression, are not contagious — even, it seems, if they have unprotected sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accumulated data from several studies show that in nearly 80,000 condomless sex acts between pairs of men who had discordant HIV status — one was negative, the other was positive, but virally suppressed — not a single new infection occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the HIV world, that finding has given rise to a slogan: U = U, or undetectable equals untransmissible. To maximize the benefits of viral suppression, though, people must know their HIV status and start treatment if they are infected. Currently the CDC estimates that 15 percent of infected Americans are unaware they are HIV positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with HIV infection need to be diagnosed, getting care, stay in care, get on antiretrovirals, and get their viral load down to undetectable,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pairing the power of viral suppression with another tool further increases the chances of stopping spread of the virus. That other tool is \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/07/24/digital-pill-prep-truvada/\">PrEP\u003c/a>, pre-exposure prophylaxis — antiretroviral drugs used to prevent infection in people who are at high risk of contracting the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken correctly, PrEP reduces the risk of contracting HIV from an infected partner by 95 percent. If the infected partner is virally suppressed, the risk is lower still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits of PrEP can only be reaped if people use it. Currently too few do. The CDC estimates that about 1.1 million people in the U.S. should be taking PrEP, including men who have sex with men, sex workers, and transgender women, a population with a highly elevated risk of contracting HIV. But only about 200,000 are actually using it, Redfield said.[contextly_sidebar id=\"cMA1JnuuPTnJDbxO5uh5Kz0WejZJ8v2u\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, doctors bear part of the blame for that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a large number of people who are not comfortable prescribing PrEP or have not been taught how to prescribe PrEP, whether it be in their residency, fellowship, or post-graduate training,” said Dr. Robert Goldstein, medical director of the transgender health program at Massachusetts General Hospital and an instructor at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re limited by stigma within the medical community and within the LGBT community. We’re limited by lack of provider knowledge. We’re limited by awareness among those at highest risk of HIV infection,” Goldstein said. “And those limitations result in rising rates of new HIV infections in men who have sex with men while we see across the country actually dropping rates of new HIV infections year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, the problem of too little PrEP prescribing is due to a lack of training, and in other cases, something else may be at play, suggested Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, the New York Department of Health’s deputy commissioner of disease control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have to sell this to [clinicians] who are like, ‘Why would I be offering people PrEP, if it’s going to encourage them to have condomless sex?’” he said. “And our answer tends to be, ‘They’re already having condomless sex and this prevents HIV.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York is one of several cities — San Francisco and Washington, D.C., among them — that have moved aggressively to harness the power of the treatment and prevention, working to actively identify people who are HIV-positive but who haven’t yet been tested, or haven’t yet started taking antiretroviral drugs, as well as people who should be using PrEP, but are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York has expanded the remit of its sexual health clinics to help identify these patients and get them into treatment, said Daskalakis, who explained it’s about “snagging” the people most at risk “where they come for service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who is newly diagnosed with HIV is offered antiretroviral drugs immediately. No waiting for a follow-up appointment, which increases the possibility the patient won’t return. And it’s working “with just staggering success,” said Daskalakis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that they get virally suppressed faster,” he said. “It’s sort of the dream, that when you start people on medicines for infections they have on the day of their diagnosis, all of a sudden you see that they’re interested in connecting to care and actually follow through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, people who test negative for HIV but who are deemed at risk of becoming infected are offered a starter pack of PrEP. The efforts led to a sharp upswing in the number of people taking PrEP — and a swift decline in the number of new HIV diagnoses. In 2016, new infections dropped 10 percent overall, and 15 percent among men who have sex with men, Daskalakis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of PrEP is steep — $1,500 a month without insurance or assistance from the manufacturer. But New York state has an assistance program that helps with the cost of the medical care PrEP use requires, and there’s a patient assistance program for those who can’t pay for the drug. At the end of the day, Daskalakis said, with a combination of programs, most patients can access PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In New York, the answer is yes. But I would be more worried about talking to someone in Mississippi,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn’t an insignificant consideration. The epidemic in the United States is currently being driven, in large part, by infections among African-American and Latino men who have sex with men in several Southern states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci is a believer in the active style of HIV interventions New York and other cities are employing. “You can’t do business as usual,” he said. “You’ve got to have an aggressive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s always cognizant that translating the successes of Washington or New York to less urban settings — where access to care is more limited and stigma may be greater — likely won’t be as simple as changing some wording on some brochures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is that going to work in Alabama? In Georgia? In Mississippi and Louisiana? That’s where we’ve got to put the focus on,” Fauci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge that likely won’t be easily overcome relates to the opioid epidemic. The growth in the use of injectable drugs — specifically the sharing of syringes — has driven up HIV and hepatitis C rates in people using illicit substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that needle exchange programs reduce those infections. Separately, a number of cities — San Francisco, Philadelphia, New York, and Seattle, among them— have been exploring opening \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/13/supervised-injection-facilities-doctor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safe injection sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as some doctors associate PrEP prescription with enabling unsafe behavior, the notion of sanctioned injection sites and syringe programs draws the ire of people who believe they encourage illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an opinion piece in the New York Times, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein warned the Department of Justice would take swift action against cities that open such facilities, calling them illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans struggling with addiction need treatment and reduced access to deadly drugs. They do not need a taxpayer-sponsored haven to shoot up,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts counter that criminalizing drug use hasn’t worked. Officials can’t “punish people into getting well,” said Dr. Sarah Wakeman, medical director of the substance use disorder program at Mass. General.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the highest levels of our government, there’s a lot of opposition and antipathy to the idea of harm reduction,” Wakeman said of Rosenstein’s commentary. “And in fact, in that op-ed, it was very clearly stated that these efforts are ‘enabling’ — which I think is one of the many kind of myths around harm reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll never get to a place where we can stop the spread of HIV unless we are willing to rethink the way we take care of, and our policy towards people who use drugs in this country,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needle exchange programs have some high-profile supporters, including top officials who have had up-close experience with the problem. The CDC’s Redfield has a son \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/8cc276150f7e4860bc05bdd4ac04d5e0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who has struggled with opioid addiction\u003c/a>; Surgeon General Jerome Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/07/surgeon-general-and-his-brother/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has a younger brother who has fought addiction\u003c/a> for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe there is clear evidence that needle exchange programs can reduce the risk of transmission of HIV infection,” said Redfield. Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/20/surgeon-general-jerome-adams-year-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told STAT\u003c/a> last week: “When I see a [needle exchange] program close, what that says to me is that we haven’t done a good enough job communicating to the community why this program is important and the value that it provides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest sell yet may be to convince authorities that successfully containing the spread of HIV in the U.S. requires addressing transmission in prisons. Prisons, in theory, “should be easy, because it’s a confined population,” said Fauci. He acknowledged, however, the gap is wide here between theory and reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve just got to get really flexible in what you do and recognize that there is sex going on, there is injection drug use going on. And if you really want to address it, you really have to address it in those settings,” he said. “And that, I know, is going to raise a lot of eyebrows. But it’s got to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/26/hiv-aids-end-of-transmission-goal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "A mere decade ago, 45,000 Americans a year were contracting HIV. Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started collecting data on HIV-related deaths just over 30 years ago, more than half a million of those people have died from AIDS. And yet, today, the struggle against HIV may be undergoing a sea change.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">A \u003c/span>\u003c/span>mere decade ago, 45,000 Americans a year were contracting HIV. Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started collecting data on HIV-related deaths just over 30 years ago, more than half a million of those people have died from AIDS.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">And yet, today, the struggle against HIV may be undergoing a sea change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">U.S. health officials and HIV experts are beginning to talk about a future \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in which transmission in the United States could be halted\u003c/a>. And that future, they say, could come not within a generation, but in the span of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“We have the science to solve the AIDS epidemic,” Dr. Robert Redfield, the director of the CDC, himself a longtime HIV researcher and clinician, told STAT in a recent interview. “We’ve invested in it. Let’s put it into action.‘’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Other leaders in the HIV field have been musing about the idea, buoyed by the astonishing impact effective HIV medications have wrought, both on the lives of people infected with or at risk of contracting the virus, and on the trajectory of the epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“It’s certainly doable in the United States,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a researcher whose study focused on HIV from the earliest days of the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci and other health experts are quick to point out that the goal of stopping transmission entirely is largely theoretical. There will always be some new cases, and the barriers to providing treatment to existing cases remain significant. There are still just under 40,000 people in the U.S. each year contracting HIV. As Fauci put it: “We live in a real world, we don’t live in a theoretical world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “if we implement all the tools that we have and if we can theoretically, conceptually, get everybody who’s HIV infected on antiretroviral drug so that they will not transmit the infection to anyone else, theoretically you could end the epidemic tomorrow by doing that,” he added.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a highly effective vaccine — and likely, even, in the presence of one — consigning the global HIV/AIDS epidemic to the history books would be impossible. And at the moment, that’s moot: Despite decades of research on HIV vaccines, the holy grail of HIV control remains an unmet goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even without a vaccine, experts believe transmission could be largely stopped in this country — a goal that until the past few years would have been unthinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Redfield told CDC staff that he believed HIV transmission in the United States \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could be halted over the next three to seven years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundation of the dream is the realization that, if taken correctly, today’s potent antiretroviral drugs will drive down the amount of virus in an HIV-infected person’s system to undetectable levels. People who reach that state, known as viral suppression, are not contagious — even, it seems, if they have unprotected sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accumulated data from several studies show that in nearly 80,000 condomless sex acts between pairs of men who had discordant HIV status — one was negative, the other was positive, but virally suppressed — not a single new infection occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the HIV world, that finding has given rise to a slogan: U = U, or undetectable equals untransmissible. To maximize the benefits of viral suppression, though, people must know their HIV status and start treatment if they are infected. Currently the CDC estimates that 15 percent of infected Americans are unaware they are HIV positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with HIV infection need to be diagnosed, getting care, stay in care, get on antiretrovirals, and get their viral load down to undetectable,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pairing the power of viral suppression with another tool further increases the chances of stopping spread of the virus. That other tool is \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/07/24/digital-pill-prep-truvada/\">PrEP\u003c/a>, pre-exposure prophylaxis — antiretroviral drugs used to prevent infection in people who are at high risk of contracting the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken correctly, PrEP reduces the risk of contracting HIV from an infected partner by 95 percent. If the infected partner is virally suppressed, the risk is lower still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits of PrEP can only be reaped if people use it. Currently too few do. The CDC estimates that about 1.1 million people in the U.S. should be taking PrEP, including men who have sex with men, sex workers, and transgender women, a population with a highly elevated risk of contracting HIV. But only about 200,000 are actually using it, Redfield said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, doctors bear part of the blame for that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a large number of people who are not comfortable prescribing PrEP or have not been taught how to prescribe PrEP, whether it be in their residency, fellowship, or post-graduate training,” said Dr. Robert Goldstein, medical director of the transgender health program at Massachusetts General Hospital and an instructor at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re limited by stigma within the medical community and within the LGBT community. We’re limited by lack of provider knowledge. We’re limited by awareness among those at highest risk of HIV infection,” Goldstein said. “And those limitations result in rising rates of new HIV infections in men who have sex with men while we see across the country actually dropping rates of new HIV infections year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, the problem of too little PrEP prescribing is due to a lack of training, and in other cases, something else may be at play, suggested Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, the New York Department of Health’s deputy commissioner of disease control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have to sell this to [clinicians] who are like, ‘Why would I be offering people PrEP, if it’s going to encourage them to have condomless sex?’” he said. “And our answer tends to be, ‘They’re already having condomless sex and this prevents HIV.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York is one of several cities — San Francisco and Washington, D.C., among them — that have moved aggressively to harness the power of the treatment and prevention, working to actively identify people who are HIV-positive but who haven’t yet been tested, or haven’t yet started taking antiretroviral drugs, as well as people who should be using PrEP, but are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York has expanded the remit of its sexual health clinics to help identify these patients and get them into treatment, said Daskalakis, who explained it’s about “snagging” the people most at risk “where they come for service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who is newly diagnosed with HIV is offered antiretroviral drugs immediately. No waiting for a follow-up appointment, which increases the possibility the patient won’t return. And it’s working “with just staggering success,” said Daskalakis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that they get virally suppressed faster,” he said. “It’s sort of the dream, that when you start people on medicines for infections they have on the day of their diagnosis, all of a sudden you see that they’re interested in connecting to care and actually follow through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, people who test negative for HIV but who are deemed at risk of becoming infected are offered a starter pack of PrEP. The efforts led to a sharp upswing in the number of people taking PrEP — and a swift decline in the number of new HIV diagnoses. In 2016, new infections dropped 10 percent overall, and 15 percent among men who have sex with men, Daskalakis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of PrEP is steep — $1,500 a month without insurance or assistance from the manufacturer. But New York state has an assistance program that helps with the cost of the medical care PrEP use requires, and there’s a patient assistance program for those who can’t pay for the drug. At the end of the day, Daskalakis said, with a combination of programs, most patients can access PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In New York, the answer is yes. But I would be more worried about talking to someone in Mississippi,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn’t an insignificant consideration. The epidemic in the United States is currently being driven, in large part, by infections among African-American and Latino men who have sex with men in several Southern states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci is a believer in the active style of HIV interventions New York and other cities are employing. “You can’t do business as usual,” he said. “You’ve got to have an aggressive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s always cognizant that translating the successes of Washington or New York to less urban settings — where access to care is more limited and stigma may be greater — likely won’t be as simple as changing some wording on some brochures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is that going to work in Alabama? In Georgia? In Mississippi and Louisiana? That’s where we’ve got to put the focus on,” Fauci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge that likely won’t be easily overcome relates to the opioid epidemic. The growth in the use of injectable drugs — specifically the sharing of syringes — has driven up HIV and hepatitis C rates in people using illicit substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that needle exchange programs reduce those infections. Separately, a number of cities — San Francisco, Philadelphia, New York, and Seattle, among them— have been exploring opening \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/13/supervised-injection-facilities-doctor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safe injection sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as some doctors associate PrEP prescription with enabling unsafe behavior, the notion of sanctioned injection sites and syringe programs draws the ire of people who believe they encourage illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an opinion piece in the New York Times, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein warned the Department of Justice would take swift action against cities that open such facilities, calling them illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans struggling with addiction need treatment and reduced access to deadly drugs. They do not need a taxpayer-sponsored haven to shoot up,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts counter that criminalizing drug use hasn’t worked. Officials can’t “punish people into getting well,” said Dr. Sarah Wakeman, medical director of the substance use disorder program at Mass. General.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the highest levels of our government, there’s a lot of opposition and antipathy to the idea of harm reduction,” Wakeman said of Rosenstein’s commentary. “And in fact, in that op-ed, it was very clearly stated that these efforts are ‘enabling’ — which I think is one of the many kind of myths around harm reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll never get to a place where we can stop the spread of HIV unless we are willing to rethink the way we take care of, and our policy towards people who use drugs in this country,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needle exchange programs have some high-profile supporters, including top officials who have had up-close experience with the problem. The CDC’s Redfield has a son \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/8cc276150f7e4860bc05bdd4ac04d5e0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who has struggled with opioid addiction\u003c/a>; Surgeon General Jerome Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/07/surgeon-general-and-his-brother/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has a younger brother who has fought addiction\u003c/a> for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe there is clear evidence that needle exchange programs can reduce the risk of transmission of HIV infection,” said Redfield. Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/20/surgeon-general-jerome-adams-year-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told STAT\u003c/a> last week: “When I see a [needle exchange] program close, what that says to me is that we haven’t done a good enough job communicating to the community why this program is important and the value that it provides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest sell yet may be to convince authorities that successfully containing the spread of HIV in the U.S. requires addressing transmission in prisons. Prisons, in theory, “should be easy, because it’s a confined population,” said Fauci. He acknowledged, however, the gap is wide here between theory and reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve just got to get really flexible in what you do and recognize that there is sex going on, there is injection drug use going on. And if you really want to address it, you really have to address it in those settings,” he said. “And that, I know, is going to raise a lot of eyebrows. But it’s got to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/26/hiv-aids-end-of-transmission-goal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "First Death Reported in Romaine Lettuce E. coli Outbreak, and It's in California",
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"headTitle": "First Death Reported in Romaine Lettuce E. coli Outbreak, and It’s in California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The first death has been reported in a national food poisoning outbreak linked to romaine lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death was reported in California, but state and federal health officials did not provide any other details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its numbers on the outbreak Wednesday, revealing that 121 people had gotten sick in 25 states. At least 52 people have been hospitalized, including 14 with kidney failure, which is an unusually high number of hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC also added Kentucky, Massachusetts and Utah to the states with reported cases. There were 24 reported cases in California, officials there said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have tied the E. coli outbreak to romaine lettuce grown in Yuma, Arizona, which provides most of the romaine sold in the U.S. during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing season in Yuma ended about a month ago, said the University of Arizona’s Russell Engel, the director of Yuma County’s cooperative extension service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if no one is eating tainted lettuce now, case counts may still rise because there’s a lag in reporting. The first illnesses occurred in March, and the most recent began on April 21, the CDC said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most E. coli bacteria are not harmful, but some produce toxins that can cause severe illness. People who get sick from toxin-producing E. coli come down with symptoms about three to four days after swallowing the germ, with many suffering bloody diarrhea, severe stomach cramps and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people recover within a week, but some illnesses can last longer and be more severe.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The CDC updated its numbers on the national food poisoning outbreak on Wednesday, revealing that 121 people had gotten sick in 25 states.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first death has been reported in a national food poisoning outbreak linked to romaine lettuce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death was reported in California, but state and federal health officials did not provide any other details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated its numbers on the outbreak Wednesday, revealing that 121 people had gotten sick in 25 states. At least 52 people have been hospitalized, including 14 with kidney failure, which is an unusually high number of hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC also added Kentucky, Massachusetts and Utah to the states with reported cases. There were 24 reported cases in California, officials there said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have tied the E. coli outbreak to romaine lettuce grown in Yuma, Arizona, which provides most of the romaine sold in the U.S. during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing season in Yuma ended about a month ago, said the University of Arizona’s Russell Engel, the director of Yuma County’s cooperative extension service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if no one is eating tainted lettuce now, case counts may still rise because there’s a lag in reporting. The first illnesses occurred in March, and the most recent began on April 21, the CDC said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most E. coli bacteria are not harmful, but some produce toxins that can cause severe illness. People who get sick from toxin-producing E. coli come down with symptoms about three to four days after swallowing the germ, with many suffering bloody diarrhea, severe stomach cramps and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people recover within a week, but some illnesses can last longer and be more severe.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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