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"content": "\u003cp>Luna Guzmán lived through years of brutal abuse and discrimination in her hometown in Guatemala, and has long dreamed of seeking asylum in California. When \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> produced an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">audio documentary\u003c/a> about her last December, though, it seemed those dreams might be on hold indefinitely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed Luna, now 27, for more than two years, from a migrant shelter in Tijuana to an ICE detention center near San Diego, even tracking her down when she was sick with COVID, fighting for her life in the ICU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we first met her at the migrant shelter in November of 2018, she was wearing men’s clothes in order to protect herself from harassment. She told us she was desperate to live in place where she could fully express her gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, ‘Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11844742 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-featured-edit-1020x574-1.jpg']Luna has survived so much; from sexual violence to learning she was HIV positive as a teenager. Her story and her courage inspired some of our listeners, who sent her money to help her with housing in Tijuana. Some even did a tribute performance for her at a tiny drag bar in Modesto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until recently, it seemed like Luna’s chances of coming to the United States were over. She had been held in ICE detention and deported twice without a real chance to plead her asylum case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a couple weeks ago, we got a voicemail from Luna. Her excitement pulsed through the phone as she exclaimed, “I am in the US! I am in San Diego. I was able to cross yesterday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876593\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán arrives at the US-Mexico border on May 9, 2021 to ask for humanitarian parole. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This time, she had the help of an attorney, from the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"https://transgenderlawcenter.org/\">Transgender Law Center\u003c/a>, who helped her with an application for humanitarian parole. It was approved, allowing her to come into the US while she waits for another chance to go in front of an immigration judge and ask for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An organization in New York City, called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.qdep.org/\">Queer Detainee Empowerment Project\u003c/a>, agreed to sponsor Luna and help her with housing, medical care and finding a lawyer to represent her in immigration court. They sent her a plane ticket from San Diego to JFK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-800x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-800x815.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-1020x1039.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-160x163.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán arrives at JFK Airport in New York City on May 18, 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When she arrived in New York, a volunteer took her to a shelter that houses transgender women in Jamaica, Queens. She’ll eventually be able to get her own apartment, through a program in New York City that guarantees housing for people living with HIV. With her humanitarian parole status, Luna is eligible for Medicaid in New York, which can help her get HIV meds, hormones or eventually, gender-affirming surgery. And QDEP can help her with English-language classes and mental health services, too. She was also able to finally get a COVID-19 vaccine, which had been difficult to access in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It almost sounds too good to be true – like some kind of fairy godmother swooped in and gave Luna a start at a new life. We confirmed it all with QDEP’s co-director, Ian Zdanowicz, himself a trans immigrant from Poland. He said his organization helps with services, but they also give trans migrants and former detainees like Luna a sense of community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876600\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers-800x865.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers-800x865.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers-160x173.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers.jpg 968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán shows off her new pink high-top sneakers in her room at a shelter that houses transgender women in Queens. Being in New York and being around other trans women has given her the freedom to start to express her gender identity more freely, she said. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I really want to make people’s experience of those first few months or years in new place as bearable and, if possible, as joyful as we can,” said Zdanowicz. “Because I think we went through so much trauma in our life and now just painful experiences… It just helps to to go through those experiences together and support each other in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April and May, Zdanowicz said QDEP – in partnership with the Transgender Law Center and the Santa Fe Dreamers Project – has been able to sponsor 15 LGBTQ migrants from the border for humanitarian parole, bringing them to New York City, including Luna. There’s no guarantee border officials will grant humanitarian parole, though, so with each migrant, Zdanowicz said he’s holding his breath until they finally get across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our organization is not super trusting of Biden’s administration,” he said. “I was really surprised that they let them through, gave them parole without detention. Other parts of the country are still detaining people. For example, in Juarez, they let some people in with parole, but they give everyone an ankle bracelet. So it’s very messy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna will still have to present her case in front of an immigration judge in New York. But this time, she’ll have a lawyer to represent her. With the pandemic, the backlog of immigration cases could take many months, even years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876599\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876599\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-800x760.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"760\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-800x760.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-1020x969.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán rides the subway in NYC. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Luna is waiting, she can start to live the life she’s dreamed about. She’s been sending us videos of her dancing to street musicians in Times Square, and wearing her new pink high tops to take the subway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living my dream, right?” Luna said in a recent voice message. “I may not be in California, but I am in New York. I know the universe will bring good things, and I’m going to be OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Luna has survived so much; from sexual violence to learning she was HIV positive as a teenager. Her story and her courage inspired some of our listeners, who sent her money to help her with housing in Tijuana. Some even did a tribute performance for her at a tiny drag bar in Modesto. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until recently, it seemed like Luna’s chances of coming to the United States were over. She had been held in ICE detention and deported twice without a real chance to plead her asylum case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a couple weeks ago, we got a voicemail from Luna. Her excitement pulsed through the phone as she exclaimed, “I am in the US! I am in San Diego. I was able to cross yesterday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876593\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-At-Border.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán arrives at the US-Mexico border on May 9, 2021 to ask for humanitarian parole. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This time, she had the help of an attorney, from the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"https://transgenderlawcenter.org/\">Transgender Law Center\u003c/a>, who helped her with an application for humanitarian parole. It was approved, allowing her to come into the US while she waits for another chance to go in front of an immigration judge and ask for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An organization in New York City, called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.qdep.org/\">Queer Detainee Empowerment Project\u003c/a>, agreed to sponsor Luna and help her with housing, medical care and finding a lawyer to represent her in immigration court. They sent her a plane ticket from San Diego to JFK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876601\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-800x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-800x815.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-1020x1039.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport-160x163.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Airport.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán arrives at JFK Airport in New York City on May 18, 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When she arrived in New York, a volunteer took her to a shelter that houses transgender women in Jamaica, Queens. She’ll eventually be able to get her own apartment, through a program in New York City that guarantees housing for people living with HIV. With her humanitarian parole status, Luna is eligible for Medicaid in New York, which can help her get HIV meds, hormones or eventually, gender-affirming surgery. And QDEP can help her with English-language classes and mental health services, too. She was also able to finally get a COVID-19 vaccine, which had been difficult to access in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It almost sounds too good to be true – like some kind of fairy godmother swooped in and gave Luna a start at a new life. We confirmed it all with QDEP’s co-director, Ian Zdanowicz, himself a trans immigrant from Poland. He said his organization helps with services, but they also give trans migrants and former detainees like Luna a sense of community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876600\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers-800x865.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers-800x865.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers-160x173.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Lunas-Pink-Sneakers.jpg 968w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán shows off her new pink high-top sneakers in her room at a shelter that houses transgender women in Queens. Being in New York and being around other trans women has given her the freedom to start to express her gender identity more freely, she said. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I really want to make people’s experience of those first few months or years in new place as bearable and, if possible, as joyful as we can,” said Zdanowicz. “Because I think we went through so much trauma in our life and now just painful experiences… It just helps to to go through those experiences together and support each other in that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April and May, Zdanowicz said QDEP – in partnership with the Transgender Law Center and the Santa Fe Dreamers Project – has been able to sponsor 15 LGBTQ migrants from the border for humanitarian parole, bringing them to New York City, including Luna. There’s no guarantee border officials will grant humanitarian parole, though, so with each migrant, Zdanowicz said he’s holding his breath until they finally get across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our organization is not super trusting of Biden’s administration,” he said. “I was really surprised that they let them through, gave them parole without detention. Other parts of the country are still detaining people. For example, in Juarez, they let some people in with parole, but they give everyone an ankle bracelet. So it’s very messy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna will still have to present her case in front of an immigration judge in New York. But this time, she’ll have a lawyer to represent her. With the pandemic, the backlog of immigration cases could take many months, even years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876599\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11876599\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-800x760.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"760\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-800x760.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-1020x969.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-in-Subway.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán rides the subway in NYC. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Luna is waiting, she can start to live the life she’s dreamed about. She’s been sending us videos of her dancing to street musicians in Times Square, and wearing her new pink high tops to take the subway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living my dream, right?” Luna said in a recent voice message. “I may not be in California, but I am in New York. I know the universe will bring good things, and I’m going to be OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Families arriving at the U.S. border with Mexico will have their cases fast-tracked in immigration court, the Biden administration said Friday, less than two weeks after it said it was easing pandemic-related restrictions on seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, which goes into effect Friday, families stopped on the border could be placed in expedited proceedings aimed at determining whether they can remain in the United States. Immigration judges would generally decide these cases within 300 days of an initial hearing in one of 10 cities including New York, Los Angeles and border communities such as El Paso, Texas, and San Diego, according to a joint statement from the U.S. Department of Justice and Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn't the first time U.S. officials have sought to expedite the immigration cases of families arriving on the Southwest border. The Trump and Obama administrations previously created dockets aimed at quickly deciding these cases in immigration courts, which are notoriously backlogged; cases can take years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest iteration, which the administration is calling a “dedicated docket,” lets judges grant continuances “for good cause,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/book/file/1399361/download\">instructions\u003c/a> sent by the Justice Department. It calls the 300-day timeline “an internal goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/book/file/1399361/download\">announcement \u003c/a>comes as President Biden is under mounting pressure to lift pandemic-related restrictions on seeking asylum at the border that were put in place by the Trump administration in March 2020. Under the rules, citizens of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador are typically expelled to Mexico within two hours without any opportunity to seek asylum or other humanitarian protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden exempted unaccompanied children, but about a third of people who arrive with their families are still subject to them, as is nearly every single adult. Last week, the administration took steps to ease the rules and agreed to eventually allow 250 people a day through border crossings to seek refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates said creating dockets to speed asylum seekers through the courts isn't fair and in the past has created delays for other migrants already waiting years for their cases to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleanor Acer, senior director for refugee protection at Human Rights First, urged Biden to roll back Trump administration measures that make it difficult for Central American migrants fleeing violence to qualify for humanitarian protection in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. asylum proceedings cannot be considered fair when the Biden administration continues to blatantly violate U.S. refugee laws and treaties,” she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]The U.S. Border Patrol had more than 170,000 encounters in April, its highest tally since March 2001, including 50,000 with people traveling in families. Many are repeat crossers because getting expelled carries no legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday's announcement gives families at the border a higher priority than other cases in an immigration court system with about 1.3 million pending cases. Attorney General Merrick Garland said the effort aligns with his goal of immigration courts deciding cases “promptly and fairly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Association of Immigration Judges is studying the proposal, said Dana Marks, an immigration judge and the group's executive vice president. She said the group was not consulted about the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were issued deportation orders in more than 90% of the cases that were decided in the Trump administration’s family unit dockets, according to statistics from the Justice Department's Executive Office for Immigration Review, which runs immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, policy counsel at American Immigration Council, a pro-immigration group, said the new plan appears to give judges more discretion to grant continuances in families' cases. But he said he's concerned because many asylum seekers placed in these special dockets during the last two administrations wound up representing themselves in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very skeptical about yet another attempt to create a ‘rocket docket’ and continued to believe rushed justice is no justice at all,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to courts in New York, Los Angeles, San Diego and El Paso, the docket is also being introduced in Denver; Detroit; Miami; Newark, New Jersey; San Francisco and Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Families arriving at the U.S. border with Mexico will have their cases fast-tracked in immigration court, the Biden administration said Friday, less than two weeks after it said it was easing pandemic-related restrictions on seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan, which goes into effect Friday, families stopped on the border could be placed in expedited proceedings aimed at determining whether they can remain in the United States. Immigration judges would generally decide these cases within 300 days of an initial hearing in one of 10 cities including New York, Los Angeles and border communities such as El Paso, Texas, and San Diego, according to a joint statement from the U.S. Department of Justice and Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn't the first time U.S. officials have sought to expedite the immigration cases of families arriving on the Southwest border. The Trump and Obama administrations previously created dockets aimed at quickly deciding these cases in immigration courts, which are notoriously backlogged; cases can take years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest iteration, which the administration is calling a “dedicated docket,” lets judges grant continuances “for good cause,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/book/file/1399361/download\">instructions\u003c/a> sent by the Justice Department. It calls the 300-day timeline “an internal goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/book/file/1399361/download\">announcement \u003c/a>comes as President Biden is under mounting pressure to lift pandemic-related restrictions on seeking asylum at the border that were put in place by the Trump administration in March 2020. Under the rules, citizens of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador are typically expelled to Mexico within two hours without any opportunity to seek asylum or other humanitarian protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden exempted unaccompanied children, but about a third of people who arrive with their families are still subject to them, as is nearly every single adult. Last week, the administration took steps to ease the rules and agreed to eventually allow 250 people a day through border crossings to seek refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates said creating dockets to speed asylum seekers through the courts isn't fair and in the past has created delays for other migrants already waiting years for their cases to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleanor Acer, senior director for refugee protection at Human Rights First, urged Biden to roll back Trump administration measures that make it difficult for Central American migrants fleeing violence to qualify for humanitarian protection in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. asylum proceedings cannot be considered fair when the Biden administration continues to blatantly violate U.S. refugee laws and treaties,” she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The U.S. Border Patrol had more than 170,000 encounters in April, its highest tally since March 2001, including 50,000 with people traveling in families. Many are repeat crossers because getting expelled carries no legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday's announcement gives families at the border a higher priority than other cases in an immigration court system with about 1.3 million pending cases. Attorney General Merrick Garland said the effort aligns with his goal of immigration courts deciding cases “promptly and fairly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Association of Immigration Judges is studying the proposal, said Dana Marks, an immigration judge and the group's executive vice president. She said the group was not consulted about the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were issued deportation orders in more than 90% of the cases that were decided in the Trump administration’s family unit dockets, according to statistics from the Justice Department's Executive Office for Immigration Review, which runs immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, policy counsel at American Immigration Council, a pro-immigration group, said the new plan appears to give judges more discretion to grant continuances in families' cases. But he said he's concerned because many asylum seekers placed in these special dockets during the last two administrations wound up representing themselves in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very skeptical about yet another attempt to create a ‘rocket docket’ and continued to believe rushed justice is no justice at all,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to courts in New York, Los Angeles, San Diego and El Paso, the docket is also being introduced in Denver; Detroit; Miami; Newark, New Jersey; San Francisco and Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "immigrant-advocates-urge-biden-administration-to-end-trump-bar-on-asylum-for-domestic-violence-victims",
"title": "Immigrant Advocates Urge Biden Administration to End Trump Restrictions on Asylum for Domestic Violence Victims",
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"headTitle": "Immigrant Advocates Urge Biden Administration to End Trump Restrictions on Asylum for Domestic Violence Victims | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrant advocates and law professors in the Bay Area are urging the Biden administration to immediately revoke Trump-era restrictions on asylum that they say have led the U.S. to send back to danger thousands of immigrant women and families fleeing domestic violence or gang brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks of taking office, President Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/02/executive-order-creating-a-comprehensive-regional-framework-to-address-the-causes-of-migration-to-manage-migration-throughout-north-and-central-america-and-to-provide-safe-and-orderly-processing/#:~:text=Briefing%20Room-,Executive%20Order%20on%20Creating%20a%20Comprehensive%20Regional%20Framework%20to%20Address,at%20the%20United%20States%20Border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordered\u003c/a> the U.S. attorney general and the Homeland Security secretary to take steps to review and restore an asylum system he said was “badly damaged” by policies under the Trump administration. But the agencies are not expected to issue regulations related to victims of domestic and gang violence until late summer or fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the U.S. attorney general, who oversees immigration courts, should vacate orders by his Trump-era predecessors that dramatically limited who was eligible for asylum protection, said Karen Musalo, director of the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at UC Hastings in San Francisco. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Blanca, an advocate with Mujeres Unidas y Activas\"]‘The government has the responsibility to protect our lives even when the aggressor is our spouse … To live free of violence is a right we all have as human beings, but we women have been suppressed by both abusers and the government.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People’s fates are in the balance,” said Musalo, a law professor. “Every day that these decisions remain in place means that individuals who have deserving claims for protection and whose lives are really at risk are being denied and sent back to the countries they fled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://cgrs.uchastings.edu/sites/default/files/Request%20for%20Vacatur%20of%20AB%20ACAA%20LEA_2021.04.13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> this month to Attorney General Merrick Garland, Musalo and attorneys with other litigation and advocacy organizations requested he use his authority to get rid of five Trump policies, including one by then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions that reversed a 2014 precedent establishing that women fleeing domestic violence could qualify for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice did not return KQED’s requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge may grant asylum to people with a well-founded fear of persecution in their home countries because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Sessions rejected the claim of a Salvadoran mother of three who had suffered nearly 15 years of physical and sexual violence at the hands of her ex-husband. The woman, known in court documents as A.B., was represented by Musalo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his Matter of A-B- \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">decision\u003c/a>, Sessions concluded that domestic violence is a private or personal crime, not a form of persecution deserving of asylum on account of membership in a particular group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is overwhelming evidence that domestic violence is rooted in the subordination of women by men and caused by a society’s gender conditioning, said Nancy Lemon, a UC Berkeley law professor who wrote the textbook “Domestic Violence Law.” She called the Matter of A-B- ruling “an affront to women’s rights.” [aside tag=\"domestic-abuse, asylum\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Former Attorney General Sessions’ view of domestic violence is not only incredibly antiquated and dangerous, it also absolves government of any role in addressing the problem,” said Lemon during a call with reporters. “This sort of backwards rhetoric is very harmful and has set back many decades of progress in women’s rights at home and abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants often face a very difficult road to win asylum, especially if they lack legal counsel, and the share of denials significantly increased during the Trump administration. Judges nationwide denied nearly 55% of asylum claims in 2016, the last year of the Obama administration, but the rate of denials climbed to 72% in 2020, according to \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/630/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">figures\u003c/a> compiled by researchers at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Bay Area woman named Blanca, who won asylum in the U.S. and asked for her last name to be withheld, spoke at a press conference Tuesday, calling on the Biden administration to reverse the Matter of A-B- ruling and other asylum restrictions. She said she fled severe beatings and emotional abuse by the father of her three children in Guatemala after the local police and government failed to enforce a restraining order or help protect her and her kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Blanca has become an advocate with the Bay Area nonprofit Mujeres Unidas y Activas, speaking up for other women and children who, she said, deserve similar protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Domestic violence is not a private matter, as Jeff Sessions said in 2018,” said Blanca, in Spanish. “The government has the responsibility to protect our lives even when the aggressor is our spouse … To live free of violence is a right we all have as human beings, but we women have been suppressed by both abusers and the government.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Trump-era restrictions on asylum have led the U.S. to send back to danger thousands of immigrant women and families fleeing domestic violence or gang brutality, say law professors and advocates. ",
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"title": "Immigrant Advocates Urge Biden Administration to End Trump Restrictions on Asylum for Domestic Violence Victims | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigrant advocates and law professors in the Bay Area are urging the Biden administration to immediately revoke Trump-era restrictions on asylum that they say have led the U.S. to send back to danger thousands of immigrant women and families fleeing domestic violence or gang brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks of taking office, President Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/02/executive-order-creating-a-comprehensive-regional-framework-to-address-the-causes-of-migration-to-manage-migration-throughout-north-and-central-america-and-to-provide-safe-and-orderly-processing/#:~:text=Briefing%20Room-,Executive%20Order%20on%20Creating%20a%20Comprehensive%20Regional%20Framework%20to%20Address,at%20the%20United%20States%20Border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordered\u003c/a> the U.S. attorney general and the Homeland Security secretary to take steps to review and restore an asylum system he said was “badly damaged” by policies under the Trump administration. But the agencies are not expected to issue regulations related to victims of domestic and gang violence until late summer or fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the U.S. attorney general, who oversees immigration courts, should vacate orders by his Trump-era predecessors that dramatically limited who was eligible for asylum protection, said Karen Musalo, director of the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at UC Hastings in San Francisco. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People’s fates are in the balance,” said Musalo, a law professor. “Every day that these decisions remain in place means that individuals who have deserving claims for protection and whose lives are really at risk are being denied and sent back to the countries they fled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://cgrs.uchastings.edu/sites/default/files/Request%20for%20Vacatur%20of%20AB%20ACAA%20LEA_2021.04.13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> this month to Attorney General Merrick Garland, Musalo and attorneys with other litigation and advocacy organizations requested he use his authority to get rid of five Trump policies, including one by then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions that reversed a 2014 precedent establishing that women fleeing domestic violence could qualify for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice did not return KQED’s requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge may grant asylum to people with a well-founded fear of persecution in their home countries because of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Sessions rejected the claim of a Salvadoran mother of three who had suffered nearly 15 years of physical and sexual violence at the hands of her ex-husband. The woman, known in court documents as A.B., was represented by Musalo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his Matter of A-B- \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">decision\u003c/a>, Sessions concluded that domestic violence is a private or personal crime, not a form of persecution deserving of asylum on account of membership in a particular group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is overwhelming evidence that domestic violence is rooted in the subordination of women by men and caused by a society’s gender conditioning, said Nancy Lemon, a UC Berkeley law professor who wrote the textbook “Domestic Violence Law.” She called the Matter of A-B- ruling “an affront to women’s rights.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Former Attorney General Sessions’ view of domestic violence is not only incredibly antiquated and dangerous, it also absolves government of any role in addressing the problem,” said Lemon during a call with reporters. “This sort of backwards rhetoric is very harmful and has set back many decades of progress in women’s rights at home and abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applicants often face a very difficult road to win asylum, especially if they lack legal counsel, and the share of denials significantly increased during the Trump administration. Judges nationwide denied nearly 55% of asylum claims in 2016, the last year of the Obama administration, but the rate of denials climbed to 72% in 2020, according to \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/630/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">figures\u003c/a> compiled by researchers at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Bay Area woman named Blanca, who won asylum in the U.S. and asked for her last name to be withheld, spoke at a press conference Tuesday, calling on the Biden administration to reverse the Matter of A-B- ruling and other asylum restrictions. She said she fled severe beatings and emotional abuse by the father of her three children in Guatemala after the local police and government failed to enforce a restraining order or help protect her and her kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Blanca has become an advocate with the Bay Area nonprofit Mujeres Unidas y Activas, speaking up for other women and children who, she said, deserve similar protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Domestic violence is not a private matter, as Jeff Sessions said in 2018,” said Blanca, in Spanish. “The government has the responsibility to protect our lives even when the aggressor is our spouse … To live free of violence is a right we all have as human beings, but we women have been suppressed by both abusers and the government.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "‘A Butterfly With My Wings Cut Off’: A Transgender Asylum Seeker’s Quest to Come to California",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852044/una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Since \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> first aired this documentary in December 2020, dozens of listeners reached out to help Luna Guzmán with messages of encouragement and support. In May, 2021, Luna was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876583/living-my-dream-after-years-transgender-asylum-seeker-finally-makes-it-to-the-us\">finally able to make it to the US\u003c/a>, where she is now waiting for another chance to go before an immigration judge and ask for protection.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen she turned 15, like so many girls in her town in Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebrated with a quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My friend lent me the dress because she saw the way I used to cry every time we passed the dress shop on the way to school, with all those beautiful dresses,” she said in Spanish. “I would just press my hand up against the glass and stare at them for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dress she borrowed was turquoise, with a long skirt. She took off her tennies, put on heels and a tiara, and danced with her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a cake, bottles of champagne and chambelanes, boys who dressed up in suits to escort her into the secret party at a friend’s house. No one was there from Luna’s family, because they couldn’t fathom her as a transgender girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘The teacher would always ask my mom, ‘Listen, can’t you change your son? Can you take him to a psychologist? A psychiatrist? It’s making my school look bad.’[/pullquote]Moments from that birthday party still linger in Luna’s memory as a time when she truly felt delight and freedom. It was something to be savored again and again as the next decade began to unfold, even as she put back on her soccer jerseys and tried to look like the boy she knew she wasn’t inside. Even as she dealt with brutal violence and decided to take a tremendous risk and leave everything behind in Guatemala to try to find a life in California. The memories were one place in the world where she could imagine being safe, being herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We first met Luna two years ago at a migrant shelter in Tijuana and have stayed in touch with her as she’s journeyed across the border, spent months in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention, and sought shelter in Mexico. We’ve spent weeks frantically trying to reach her in an intensive care unit, after she left a voice message that she had been diagnosed with a severe case of COVID-19. “Thank you for telling my story,” she rasped through labored breaths, her voice barely recognizable. “If I die, I hope that one day people will remember something about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aYksXNNUA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Can’t You Change Your Son?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna grew up on the outskirts of a small city in Central Guatemala, in a house cobbled together from sticks and newspaper. Her mom sold french fries from a cart, and Luna helped care for her three siblings, including a brother with developmental disabilities. Her dad wasn’t part of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was a voracious reader, spending hours in the town library. At school she would play dress up with the other girls. Luna would transform into a butterfly, her wings made from pieces of cardboard she scavenged on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teacher would always ask my mom, ‘Listen, can’t you change your son? Can you take him to a psychologist? A psychiatrist? It’s making my school look bad,’ ” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said her mom defended her at first. When she came out as gay at age 14, her mom gave a toast with some agua de jamaica. But as Luna got older, she said her mom disapproved of the dresses and the heels. Her son, dressing like a woman? For her, that went against nature. So Luna put back on the soccer jerseys and shorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hurtful things she said to me, I understand them better now,” said Luna. “She just wanted to protect me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849344\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna was 13, just on the cusp of adolescence, she said she was raped by an older man who was a neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would ask, why me? Tell me — if anyone is up there — explain it to me,” she sighed. “I still haven’t gotten an answer to this day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Luna said she was trafficked into prostitution. Some powerful men in her town forced her into a trafficking ring. The clients? Older men who would pay hundreds of U.S. dollars to sleep with young boys and transgender girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guatemala-humantrafficking/guatemala-closes-its-eyes-to-rampant-child-sex-trafficking-u-n-idUSKCN0YU29V\">Sex trafficking is rampant in Guatemala\u003c/a>, and the United Nations has denounced the shocking number of children forced into trafficking rings because of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was no one to help. The traffickers, Luna said, had connections with the police and top public officials in town. “If anyone tried to denounce them or file a complaint, they’d throw it in the trash,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the kids trafficked in the ring, she said, were infected with sexually transmitted diseases. When she was 16, Luna said she found out she was HIV-positive. Harassment from people in town, who had already thrown rocks at her and told her to stay away from their children, intensified. Once, she remembered, some people beat her up so badly they broke her collarbone, telling her they wanted her to behave like a “real man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My town is so small, there was no information about sexual orientation or HIV,” Luna said. “No information about anything. It’s so close-minded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she turned 19, she said, she was still occasionally forced into sex work. But as she reached adulthood, she started to take some small steps to wrest back control of her life. She signed up for a training course to become a volunteer firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849342\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán worked as a firefighter in her hometown. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna graduated from the firefighting program. She felt powerful rescuing people from car accidents and hosing down burning buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, she said, the other firefighters found out she was HIV-positive, and began taunting her with homophobic slurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dreamed about a way out and set her sights on California. She’d seen videos of San Francisco’s massive pride parade. She knew in California she couldn’t be fired or evicted for being transgender, would have the right to get an ID in the name she wants to use, and use the restroom that matches her gender identity. She also hoped it was a place where she could earn enough money to pay for her transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2017 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left her family, the fire department, the neighbors, the pimps. She was 22 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She leaped onto that famous train migrants call \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/05/318905712/riding-the-beast-across-mexico-to-the-u-s-border\">La Bestia\u003c/a>, or “the beast,” which travels north from Mexico’s southern border. She didn’t wear dresses on the journey. As she’s done for most of her life, she kept her hair short and wore men’s T-shirts and shorts, for safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11849343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Crossing the Border But Not Finding Safety \u003c/strong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>August 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna reached the U.S.-Mexico border crossing at Otay Mesa near San Diego, she told an officer she was running away from homophobic violence in Guatemala and was requesting asylum. But her hopes that she would feel protected as soon as she crossed into the U.S. vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They took me into some offices. About 30 minutes later, they arrested me. Put chains on my hands, my feet, my waist,” she recalled. “They treat you like a criminal, just for asking for help. It feels horrible, like you’re nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border officials don’t decide on asylum requests — that happens later — but they are responsible for the transfer of detainees to ICE custody, where they’ll eventually speak with an asylum officer. However, border officials didn’t check the box on Luna’s intake form indicating that she identified as LGBT, nor the box indicating that she could be at increased risk of sexual abuse in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Customs and Border Protection ‘Detainee Assessment’ form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where things started to go wrong for her. ICE eventually assigned Luna a bed in a crowded men’s unit at the Otay Mesa Detention Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days after she arrived at the border asking for help, an asylum officer with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services conducted a “credible fear” interview. That’s when Luna told her she also dressed as a woman at times. The officer found her story credible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, a transgender Latina organization based near Los Angeles called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LasCrisantemas/?ref=page_internal\">Las Crisantemas\u003c/a> sent a letter of support to the immigration court identifying Luna as a trans woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna was never moved to a special detention unit for transgender women, despite the fact that in 2015 ICE had agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-issues-new-guidance-care-transgender-individuals-custody\">improve standards for transgender detainees\u003c/a>, including access to separate detention units away from the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘They treat you like a criminal, just for asking for help. It feels horrible, like you’re nothing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not put her into the protective custody that is required by their own standards,” said Allegra Love, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santafedreamersproject.org/transdetention\">Santa Fe Dreamers Project\u003c/a>, which has represented hundreds of transgender women in detention over the last few years. She was never Luna’s lawyer, but we asked her to review Luna’s case after KQED sued ICE to obtain her immigration records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone expresses to them, ‘Hey, look, I am trans, I have gender dysphoria. I am not the gender you think I am,’ then the government has this responsibility acknowledged by their own hand to take that seriously and protect people from heightened danger,” said Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna would spend months in the men’s unit before her asylum case could be fully heard — months when she said she was repeatedly harassed and belittled by the other detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846829\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa immigration Detention Facility just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa Detention Center just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Backlogged Immigration Court, Long Months in Detention\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna appeared before immigration Judge Olga Attia, appointed to the immigration court in 2017 by former Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Luna was assigned an interpreter, but no lawyer. If she had wanted one, she would have had to find and pay for one herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the audio recordings of her hearings at the immigration court, Luna told the judge she was worried about being detained for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t always get the medicine I need for my chronic condition [HIV],” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, I don’t have jurisdiction over such matters,” Attia told her. “You need to bring this to the attention of the detention officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was in detention for five months before she was able to officially present her asylum application to Judge Attia. Then the judge informed her there were no available appointments to hear the merits of her case for another five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After six months in detention, Luna was eligible to get out on bond. ICE attorneys didn’t object as she had no criminal history. The judge set the bond at $4,500, but like many asylum seekers, she had no way to pay that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pleaded with the judge. “It’s hurting me, psychologically,” she said. “I’ve never been locked up, your honor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unable to tolerate being in detention in a men’s unit any longer, Luna did something she never expected to do. She gave up on her asylum case and asked to be deported right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been eight months since I was detained at the detention center, your honor,” she said through an interpreter. “I feel alone. I don’t have the words to explain to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Attia accepted the withdrawal of Luna’s asylum application, it wasn’t clear that the judge understood that Luna was transgender. Even after the interpreter explained that Luna was referring to herself in the feminine pronoun, Attia kept calling Luna “sir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine the loss of hope that someone experiences when they’re fleeing a country where the reason their life is in danger is because their institutions refuse to acknowledge who they are,” said Love, the attorney who has represented dozens of transgender detainees from Central America. “Then to arrive with a hopeful feeling in a place where they think they are going to have a different treatment, and then to have law enforcement officers and judges — officers of the court — immediately reject them as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Luna had decided to stay in detention and pursue her asylum claim, the odds were against her, especially without a lawyer. During the last year of the Obama administration, 55% of all asylum applications were denied. Under the Trump administration, those numbers jumped to a record high of 72% in 2020, according to data from \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/whatsnew/email.201028.html\">Syracuse University’s TRAC project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For asylum seekers from Guatemala, the rate is even higher: 85.8% of those applications are denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the plane ICE chartered to transport Luna and other detainees back to Guatemala, she recalled, she had a panic attack, shaking so badly she could barely walk onto the tarmac when she landed in Guatemala City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she went to stay with her sister, who had married an evangelical Christian. After a few days, however, she said her sister gave her some money and asked her to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have a home with me as a sister,” Luna remembered her saying. “Only as a brother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna had left Guatemala and had gradually made her way back to the U.S.-Mexico border, hoping to find her way to California again. We met Luna while she was staying at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CasadelMigranteTijuana/\">Casa del Migrante\u003c/a>, a migrant shelter in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life. One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, “Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.”‘[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was trying to make it as a dishwasher in a restaurant where the owner kept making homophobic comments. She was also scrambling to find a clinic to get her HIV medication without a Mexican ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soles of her tennis shoes were wearing thin, and she was wearing a soccer jersey, her hair buzzed short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life,” Luna told us. “One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, ‘Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846832\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.” \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, Luna messaged via WhatsApp to say she knew her dream of coming to California was probably over, because she had given up her asylum case the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, a few weeks later, she sent a video of herself standing someplace windy, with the border wall far behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look!” she exclaimed. “I crossed! I’ll see you in San Francisco, by the Golden Gate bridge, for a coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the WhatsApp feed went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, we got a collect call from Otay Mesa Detention Center. Over the scratchy phone line, Luna said she was in the same cell and the same bed where she had stayed the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a butterfly who’s had her wings cut off,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘I’ve Been a Prisoner in My Own Body, Now I’m a Prisoner Here’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 12, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Luna had been detained for about six weeks, ICE granted us permission to interview her in person at Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed a guard to a waiting room with other families. A sign above one guard’s gray metal desk proclaimed “Hope is the anchor for the soul. Be grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they called our names, we walked down past a heavy door, to where Luna sat in a tiny room. She wore blue crocs, brown socks and a blue uniform with “detainee” emblazoned on the back in white letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She looked gaunt and exhausted, but her eyes were still bright. Her hair was shorn super-short. She had to cut it all off after a bully hacked off a chunk of it with a razor, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me he couldn’t stand homosexuals and whipped out the razor,” she said. “He told me if I complained to the guards, it would be worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said that happened at the Metropolitan Correctional Facility, a federal jail in San Diego, where she had been held for about a week after Border Patrol agents picked her up. She was charged there with the federal crime of illegally reentering the U.S., after President Trump ramped up prosecutions under a “zero tolerance” policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sexual harassment at the ICE detention facility, she said, was even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people here, they touch your butt, your breasts, they look at you when you’re taking a shower,” she said. “They flash us. I don’t want to be here anymore. I know if I complain they won’t listen to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna told us she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or snacks from the detention center commissary. She said other inmates offered to buy them for her, in exchange for sexual favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to do something I don’t want to do for a cup of soup that costs 60 cents,” she said. “I’m not going to have sex with anyone here. There’s discrimination on the outside. But here, it’s a different world. It’s worse. … You have nowhere to go to get away from it. You’re trapped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/news/2018/05/30/451294/ices-rejection-rules-placing-lgbt-immigrants-severe-risk-sexual-abuse/\">2018 study \u003c/a>found that LGBT immigrants are nearly 100 times more likely to be sexually harassed or assaulted in ICE detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been a prisoner in my own body, I’m now a prisoner here,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told us she didn’t want to cry in front of us. She wanted to be the strong person who had impressed us with her courage and tenacity when we met her in Tijuana four months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after our interview, we peeked back through a window of the tiny room. Her head was on the table, and she was sobbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846828\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luna’s second stint in detention only lasted a couple months. ICE moved to deport her as soon as possible: She had re-entered the U.S. by climbing the border fence and violated the five-year bar on re-entry imposed on her when she was deported the first time. Now, she was barred from returning to the U.S. for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was her second time in detention, and she still had no lawyer. No one to tell her about an alternative to asylum — something called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/lgbtq/immigration/transgender-rights/\">withholding of removal,\u003c/a>” which has allowed some transgender women from Central America to stay in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If she had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her,” said Love. “We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college or, you know, getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States and having a green card. But instead, she was not provided with the due process that she was owed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘It’s Not Safe For You To Stay in Guatemala’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was deported a second time to Guatemala City. KQED hired a film crew to meet her when she got off the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She counted out four U.S. dollar bills from a plastic bag marked “personal property” — money she said she earned working in the laundry at the detention center. She brushed her hand over her face, as if to make it all go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she headed to \u003ca href=\"https://asociacionlambda.com/\">Asociación Lambda\u003c/a>, an LGBT organization in Guatemala City that helps deportees, but after hearing her story, an intake worker told Luna it was unsafe for her to stay in Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your profile is very high risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t need to remind her about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-02-13/ice-deported-trans-asylum-seeker-she-was-killed-el-salvador\">trans women who’ve been murdered\u003c/a> recently after being deported back to Central America. He also said he worried the traffickers from her hometown might have connections in Guatemala City and could track her down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He arranged for a safe house in a secret location, but Luna decided to leave after just one night there. She refused to feel locked up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now we’d been reporting on Luna’s story for five months. Some transgender California Report listeners in Modesto who heard one of the stories even reached out to her and sent her $80, money that helped her get out of Guatemala again and start another journey back to the border. They also put together a drag performance that they dedicated to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April-July 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few more months, Luna found her way out of Guatemala and back to Mexico. She applied for a humanitarian visa to stay temporarily and found a job making tortillas in a restaurant in Tapachula. She met some new friends, other transgender migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, emboldened by her new friends, she decided to dress as a woman again, for dinner with them at a local cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she called at 6 a.m. the next morning, crying. She said she had been raped by five armed men, who abducted her while she was waiting alone for a taxi after dinner. She said they beat her, kicking her in the kidneys, where she was recovering from a recent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is that every time I show the person I really am, does it go so wrong?” she sobbed. “Why is life so hard?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was too afraid to file a complaint with the Mexican police, that they would probably do nothing but laugh at her and say homophobic things. She sent me a Facebook post about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diariodelsur.com.mx/local/gobierno-de-chiapas-complice-en-crimenes-de-odio-y-violencia-activistas-3949418.html\">death of a gay activist, Juan Ruiz Nicolas\u003c/a>, who was assassinated in Tapachula, the town where she was staying near the Guatemala border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Allegra Love, attorney with Santa Fe Dreamers Project\"]‘If [Luna] had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her. We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college … getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she didn’t report the rape to anyone, it’s hard to confirm that Luna was assaulted. This is part of the paradox for asylum seekers. They’re expected to document and prove the horrible things that have happened to them, but all too often, the act of reporting these abuses could put them in more danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, as journalists, we’ve done our best to vet her story. KQED even sued the Department of Homeland Security to obtain Luna’s records. But when it comes to what happened to Luna in Guatemala or Mexico, there’s no way to prove the trafficking and the violence. She’s been in transit so long, living on the street and in shelters, that she has little documentation of her life. Still, Luna’s story is consistent with what advocates and investigations into the treatment of transgender and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollcall.com/2020/09/24/house-report-medical-neglect-falsified-records-harmed-detained-immigrants/\">HIV-positive immigration detainees\u003c/a> have found. Much of it is also echoed in her asylum application and in her health records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna eventually received a temporary humanitarian visa and Mexican identification card, good for one year. The Mexican government sent her back to Tijuana, to a safe house for LGBT refugees called \u003ca href=\"https://casaarcoiris.org/en/\">Casa Arcoiris\u003c/a>, or rainbow house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846833\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arco Iris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arcoiris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, we decided to visit her again in Tijuana to see how she was doing. But we couldn’t meet her at the safe house where she was staying, because they wanted to keep the location secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we met up with Luna and some of her new shelter-mates at a huge supermarket where they were shopping for dried beans, carrots and cabbage. They each took turns cooking a meal from their home country for the other residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One nonbinary friend from Honduras, who didn’t want to give their name for safety, said Luna is beloved in the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody loves her. She’s shared her history, so much we have in common,” they said. “We’ve become like family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That community, that stability, had changed things for Luna. She was wearing dresses and lipstick more often, laughing more with her new friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846825\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But she got serious again when she took us to see the section of border fence where she crossed the last time she came to California. She pointed to squirrels and dragonflies flitting between the slats of the fence, between countries, without even knowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only we humans that don’t have that freedom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked what she thought about as she gazed through the bars of the fence to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This wall kills your dreams. It takes away everything,” she said. “I told myself that when I climbed over this wall. I would leave my past behind. I would be reborn. That’s California, but I can’t get there. One day I will. It might be 2050, or 2100, but I will get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘Thank You for Telling My Story’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the COVID-19 outbreak arrived in Mexico, Luna left us a voicemail that she planned to shelter in place with a friend outside of Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked about her relief that she was far away from the Otay Mesa Detention Center, which turned out to have one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11816707/man-dies-of-covid-19-in-san-diego-ice-detention-center-lawyers-say\">biggest outbreaks of COVID-19\u003c/a>. That, ironically, being deported may have saved her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if she had still been in detention, she might have been released to a sponsor in the U.S. — as some other transgender detainees have been — to avoid the risk of getting coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a month later, in April, Luna left a voice memo. Her breathing was so heavy and ragged it was hard to understand. She said she was in the ICU at the public hospital in Tijuana, sick with COVID-19. They were about to put her on a respirator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for everything,” she rasped. “For wanting to tell my story. Hopefully people will remember a little bit about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as has happened so many times over the last two years, the WhatsApp feed with Luna went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, after several weeks in the hospital, Luna left another message from her hospital bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had taken her off the ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh God, I thought I was gonna die,” she breathed. “But nope, Luna, she’s still here, resisting everything. I’ve got a lot more life in me. A lot I still want to say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left us a voice message, saying the Mexican government just extended her humanitarian visa for another year. Still, it’s been difficult for her to work and pay her rent in Tijuana. She has lingering symptoms from COVID-19, including fatigue, difficulty breathing and sore vocal cords. Her immune system is also struggling to fight HIV. She’s worried her body isn’t strong enough to fight off another virus, so is staying at home as much as possible to avoid getting reinfected with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna also said she and other migrants are celebrating Joe Biden’s win and hoping that he will make good on his campaign pledge to “end President Trump’s detrimental asylum policies,” which included making it harder for LGBTQ migrants to seek protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said she’s ready to try for asylum in the U.S. again if things change with the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re warriors, and we’ve gotten through a lot of tough situations,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna is still dealing with the after-effects of COVID-19. She gets out of breath easily and has to use an inhaler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of donations from listeners, she’s been able to find stable housing in Tijuana, where she’s working part time as a dishwasher. On April 8, Luna proudly graduated from a 12-week course in gardening, nutrition and cooking for migrants on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Lareinaluna31/status/1380357337186140162?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s sitting tight, waiting for a chance to work with an immigration lawyer to try to reopen her case. She said as more asylum seekers waiting at the border are getting a chance to present their claims, she’s hopeful the transgender migrants among them will find conditions in detention improved under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna calls and leaves a voice message, nearly shrieking with excitement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am in the US! I am in San Diego. I was able to cross yesterday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, she had the help of an attorney, from the Oakland-based Transgender Law Center, who helped her with an application for humanitarian parole. And it was approved, allowing her to come into the United States while she waits for another chance to go in front of an immigration judge and ask for protection. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11876583 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-Times-Square-1-1020x876.jpg']The Queer Detainee Empowerment Project in New York City agreed to sponsor Luna. They are helping her with housing, medical care and finding a lawyer to represent her in immigration court. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent her a plane ticket for travel from San Diego to JFK – and she boarded a flight May 17 after quarantining at a hotel in San Diego and taking a COVID test. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she arrived in New York, a volunteer took her to a shelter that houses transgender women in Jamaica, Queens. She’ll eventually be able to get her own apartment, through a program in New York City that guarantees housing for people living with HIV. With her humanitarian parole status, Luna is eligible for Medicaid in New York, which can help her get HIV meds, hormones or eventually, gender-affirming surgery. QDEP can help her with English-language classes and mental health services, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’ll still have to present her case in front of an immigration judge in New York. But this time, she’ll have a lawyer to represent her. With the pandemic, the backlog of immigration cases could take many months – even years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Luna is waiting, she can start to live the life she’s dreamed about. She’s been sending us videos of her dancing to street musicians in Times Square, and wearing her new pink high tops to take the subway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living my dream, right?” Luna said in a recent voice message. “I may not be in California, but I am in New York. I know the universe will bring good things, and I’m going to be OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Dec. 4, 2020 and last updated on June 4, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was supported by a grant from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media Foundation\u003c/a>. Their Reporting Grants for Women’s Stories Program is funded by the Secular Society. Luna Guzmán’s voice in English in the audio documentary was performed by pioneering transgender actress \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852044/una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Since \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> first aired this documentary in December 2020, dozens of listeners reached out to help Luna Guzmán with messages of encouragement and support. In May, 2021, Luna was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876583/living-my-dream-after-years-transgender-asylum-seeker-finally-makes-it-to-the-us\">finally able to make it to the US\u003c/a>, where she is now waiting for another chance to go before an immigration judge and ask for protection.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen she turned 15, like so many girls in her town in Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebrated with a quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My friend lent me the dress because she saw the way I used to cry every time we passed the dress shop on the way to school, with all those beautiful dresses,” she said in Spanish. “I would just press my hand up against the glass and stare at them for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dress she borrowed was turquoise, with a long skirt. She took off her tennies, put on heels and a tiara, and danced with her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a cake, bottles of champagne and chambelanes, boys who dressed up in suits to escort her into the secret party at a friend’s house. No one was there from Luna’s family, because they couldn’t fathom her as a transgender girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Moments from that birthday party still linger in Luna’s memory as a time when she truly felt delight and freedom. It was something to be savored again and again as the next decade began to unfold, even as she put back on her soccer jerseys and tried to look like the boy she knew she wasn’t inside. Even as she dealt with brutal violence and decided to take a tremendous risk and leave everything behind in Guatemala to try to find a life in California. The memories were one place in the world where she could imagine being safe, being herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We first met Luna two years ago at a migrant shelter in Tijuana and have stayed in touch with her as she’s journeyed across the border, spent months in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention, and sought shelter in Mexico. We’ve spent weeks frantically trying to reach her in an intensive care unit, after she left a voice message that she had been diagnosed with a severe case of COVID-19. “Thank you for telling my story,” she rasped through labored breaths, her voice barely recognizable. “If I die, I hope that one day people will remember something about me.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Can’t You Change Your Son?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna grew up on the outskirts of a small city in Central Guatemala, in a house cobbled together from sticks and newspaper. Her mom sold french fries from a cart, and Luna helped care for her three siblings, including a brother with developmental disabilities. Her dad wasn’t part of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was a voracious reader, spending hours in the town library. At school she would play dress up with the other girls. Luna would transform into a butterfly, her wings made from pieces of cardboard she scavenged on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teacher would always ask my mom, ‘Listen, can’t you change your son? Can you take him to a psychologist? A psychiatrist? It’s making my school look bad,’ ” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said her mom defended her at first. When she came out as gay at age 14, her mom gave a toast with some agua de jamaica. But as Luna got older, she said her mom disapproved of the dresses and the heels. Her son, dressing like a woman? For her, that went against nature. So Luna put back on the soccer jerseys and shorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hurtful things she said to me, I understand them better now,” said Luna. “She just wanted to protect me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849344\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna was 13, just on the cusp of adolescence, she said she was raped by an older man who was a neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would ask, why me? Tell me — if anyone is up there — explain it to me,” she sighed. “I still haven’t gotten an answer to this day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Luna said she was trafficked into prostitution. Some powerful men in her town forced her into a trafficking ring. The clients? Older men who would pay hundreds of U.S. dollars to sleep with young boys and transgender girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guatemala-humantrafficking/guatemala-closes-its-eyes-to-rampant-child-sex-trafficking-u-n-idUSKCN0YU29V\">Sex trafficking is rampant in Guatemala\u003c/a>, and the United Nations has denounced the shocking number of children forced into trafficking rings because of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was no one to help. The traffickers, Luna said, had connections with the police and top public officials in town. “If anyone tried to denounce them or file a complaint, they’d throw it in the trash,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the kids trafficked in the ring, she said, were infected with sexually transmitted diseases. When she was 16, Luna said she found out she was HIV-positive. Harassment from people in town, who had already thrown rocks at her and told her to stay away from their children, intensified. Once, she remembered, some people beat her up so badly they broke her collarbone, telling her they wanted her to behave like a “real man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My town is so small, there was no information about sexual orientation or HIV,” Luna said. “No information about anything. It’s so close-minded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she turned 19, she said, she was still occasionally forced into sex work. But as she reached adulthood, she started to take some small steps to wrest back control of her life. She signed up for a training course to become a volunteer firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849342\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán worked as a firefighter in her hometown. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna graduated from the firefighting program. She felt powerful rescuing people from car accidents and hosing down burning buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, she said, the other firefighters found out she was HIV-positive, and began taunting her with homophobic slurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dreamed about a way out and set her sights on California. She’d seen videos of San Francisco’s massive pride parade. She knew in California she couldn’t be fired or evicted for being transgender, would have the right to get an ID in the name she wants to use, and use the restroom that matches her gender identity. She also hoped it was a place where she could earn enough money to pay for her transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2017 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left her family, the fire department, the neighbors, the pimps. She was 22 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She leaped onto that famous train migrants call \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/05/318905712/riding-the-beast-across-mexico-to-the-u-s-border\">La Bestia\u003c/a>, or “the beast,” which travels north from Mexico’s southern border. She didn’t wear dresses on the journey. As she’s done for most of her life, she kept her hair short and wore men’s T-shirts and shorts, for safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11849343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Crossing the Border But Not Finding Safety \u003c/strong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>August 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna reached the U.S.-Mexico border crossing at Otay Mesa near San Diego, she told an officer she was running away from homophobic violence in Guatemala and was requesting asylum. But her hopes that she would feel protected as soon as she crossed into the U.S. vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They took me into some offices. About 30 minutes later, they arrested me. Put chains on my hands, my feet, my waist,” she recalled. “They treat you like a criminal, just for asking for help. It feels horrible, like you’re nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border officials don’t decide on asylum requests — that happens later — but they are responsible for the transfer of detainees to ICE custody, where they’ll eventually speak with an asylum officer. However, border officials didn’t check the box on Luna’s intake form indicating that she identified as LGBT, nor the box indicating that she could be at increased risk of sexual abuse in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Customs and Border Protection ‘Detainee Assessment’ form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where things started to go wrong for her. ICE eventually assigned Luna a bed in a crowded men’s unit at the Otay Mesa Detention Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days after she arrived at the border asking for help, an asylum officer with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services conducted a “credible fear” interview. That’s when Luna told her she also dressed as a woman at times. The officer found her story credible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, a transgender Latina organization based near Los Angeles called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LasCrisantemas/?ref=page_internal\">Las Crisantemas\u003c/a> sent a letter of support to the immigration court identifying Luna as a trans woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna was never moved to a special detention unit for transgender women, despite the fact that in 2015 ICE had agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-issues-new-guidance-care-transgender-individuals-custody\">improve standards for transgender detainees\u003c/a>, including access to separate detention units away from the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not put her into the protective custody that is required by their own standards,” said Allegra Love, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santafedreamersproject.org/transdetention\">Santa Fe Dreamers Project\u003c/a>, which has represented hundreds of transgender women in detention over the last few years. She was never Luna’s lawyer, but we asked her to review Luna’s case after KQED sued ICE to obtain her immigration records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone expresses to them, ‘Hey, look, I am trans, I have gender dysphoria. I am not the gender you think I am,’ then the government has this responsibility acknowledged by their own hand to take that seriously and protect people from heightened danger,” said Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna would spend months in the men’s unit before her asylum case could be fully heard — months when she said she was repeatedly harassed and belittled by the other detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846829\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa immigration Detention Facility just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa Detention Center just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Backlogged Immigration Court, Long Months in Detention\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna appeared before immigration Judge Olga Attia, appointed to the immigration court in 2017 by former Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Luna was assigned an interpreter, but no lawyer. If she had wanted one, she would have had to find and pay for one herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the audio recordings of her hearings at the immigration court, Luna told the judge she was worried about being detained for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t always get the medicine I need for my chronic condition [HIV],” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, I don’t have jurisdiction over such matters,” Attia told her. “You need to bring this to the attention of the detention officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was in detention for five months before she was able to officially present her asylum application to Judge Attia. Then the judge informed her there were no available appointments to hear the merits of her case for another five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After six months in detention, Luna was eligible to get out on bond. ICE attorneys didn’t object as she had no criminal history. The judge set the bond at $4,500, but like many asylum seekers, she had no way to pay that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pleaded with the judge. “It’s hurting me, psychologically,” she said. “I’ve never been locked up, your honor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unable to tolerate being in detention in a men’s unit any longer, Luna did something she never expected to do. She gave up on her asylum case and asked to be deported right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been eight months since I was detained at the detention center, your honor,” she said through an interpreter. “I feel alone. I don’t have the words to explain to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Attia accepted the withdrawal of Luna’s asylum application, it wasn’t clear that the judge understood that Luna was transgender. Even after the interpreter explained that Luna was referring to herself in the feminine pronoun, Attia kept calling Luna “sir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine the loss of hope that someone experiences when they’re fleeing a country where the reason their life is in danger is because their institutions refuse to acknowledge who they are,” said Love, the attorney who has represented dozens of transgender detainees from Central America. “Then to arrive with a hopeful feeling in a place where they think they are going to have a different treatment, and then to have law enforcement officers and judges — officers of the court — immediately reject them as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Luna had decided to stay in detention and pursue her asylum claim, the odds were against her, especially without a lawyer. During the last year of the Obama administration, 55% of all asylum applications were denied. Under the Trump administration, those numbers jumped to a record high of 72% in 2020, according to data from \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/whatsnew/email.201028.html\">Syracuse University’s TRAC project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For asylum seekers from Guatemala, the rate is even higher: 85.8% of those applications are denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the plane ICE chartered to transport Luna and other detainees back to Guatemala, she recalled, she had a panic attack, shaking so badly she could barely walk onto the tarmac when she landed in Guatemala City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she went to stay with her sister, who had married an evangelical Christian. After a few days, however, she said her sister gave her some money and asked her to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have a home with me as a sister,” Luna remembered her saying. “Only as a brother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna had left Guatemala and had gradually made her way back to the U.S.-Mexico border, hoping to find her way to California again. We met Luna while she was staying at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CasadelMigranteTijuana/\">Casa del Migrante\u003c/a>, a migrant shelter in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life. One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, “Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.”‘",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was trying to make it as a dishwasher in a restaurant where the owner kept making homophobic comments. She was also scrambling to find a clinic to get her HIV medication without a Mexican ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soles of her tennis shoes were wearing thin, and she was wearing a soccer jersey, her hair buzzed short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life,” Luna told us. “One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, ‘Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846832\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.” \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, Luna messaged via WhatsApp to say she knew her dream of coming to California was probably over, because she had given up her asylum case the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, a few weeks later, she sent a video of herself standing someplace windy, with the border wall far behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look!” she exclaimed. “I crossed! I’ll see you in San Francisco, by the Golden Gate bridge, for a coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the WhatsApp feed went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, we got a collect call from Otay Mesa Detention Center. Over the scratchy phone line, Luna said she was in the same cell and the same bed where she had stayed the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a butterfly who’s had her wings cut off,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘I’ve Been a Prisoner in My Own Body, Now I’m a Prisoner Here’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 12, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Luna had been detained for about six weeks, ICE granted us permission to interview her in person at Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed a guard to a waiting room with other families. A sign above one guard’s gray metal desk proclaimed “Hope is the anchor for the soul. Be grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they called our names, we walked down past a heavy door, to where Luna sat in a tiny room. She wore blue crocs, brown socks and a blue uniform with “detainee” emblazoned on the back in white letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She looked gaunt and exhausted, but her eyes were still bright. Her hair was shorn super-short. She had to cut it all off after a bully hacked off a chunk of it with a razor, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me he couldn’t stand homosexuals and whipped out the razor,” she said. “He told me if I complained to the guards, it would be worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said that happened at the Metropolitan Correctional Facility, a federal jail in San Diego, where she had been held for about a week after Border Patrol agents picked her up. She was charged there with the federal crime of illegally reentering the U.S., after President Trump ramped up prosecutions under a “zero tolerance” policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sexual harassment at the ICE detention facility, she said, was even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people here, they touch your butt, your breasts, they look at you when you’re taking a shower,” she said. “They flash us. I don’t want to be here anymore. I know if I complain they won’t listen to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna told us she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or snacks from the detention center commissary. She said other inmates offered to buy them for her, in exchange for sexual favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to do something I don’t want to do for a cup of soup that costs 60 cents,” she said. “I’m not going to have sex with anyone here. There’s discrimination on the outside. But here, it’s a different world. It’s worse. … You have nowhere to go to get away from it. You’re trapped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/news/2018/05/30/451294/ices-rejection-rules-placing-lgbt-immigrants-severe-risk-sexual-abuse/\">2018 study \u003c/a>found that LGBT immigrants are nearly 100 times more likely to be sexually harassed or assaulted in ICE detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been a prisoner in my own body, I’m now a prisoner here,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told us she didn’t want to cry in front of us. She wanted to be the strong person who had impressed us with her courage and tenacity when we met her in Tijuana four months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after our interview, we peeked back through a window of the tiny room. Her head was on the table, and she was sobbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846828\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luna’s second stint in detention only lasted a couple months. ICE moved to deport her as soon as possible: She had re-entered the U.S. by climbing the border fence and violated the five-year bar on re-entry imposed on her when she was deported the first time. Now, she was barred from returning to the U.S. for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was her second time in detention, and she still had no lawyer. No one to tell her about an alternative to asylum — something called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/lgbtq/immigration/transgender-rights/\">withholding of removal,\u003c/a>” which has allowed some transgender women from Central America to stay in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If she had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her,” said Love. “We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college or, you know, getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States and having a green card. But instead, she was not provided with the due process that she was owed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘It’s Not Safe For You To Stay in Guatemala’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was deported a second time to Guatemala City. KQED hired a film crew to meet her when she got off the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She counted out four U.S. dollar bills from a plastic bag marked “personal property” — money she said she earned working in the laundry at the detention center. She brushed her hand over her face, as if to make it all go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she headed to \u003ca href=\"https://asociacionlambda.com/\">Asociación Lambda\u003c/a>, an LGBT organization in Guatemala City that helps deportees, but after hearing her story, an intake worker told Luna it was unsafe for her to stay in Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your profile is very high risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t need to remind her about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-02-13/ice-deported-trans-asylum-seeker-she-was-killed-el-salvador\">trans women who’ve been murdered\u003c/a> recently after being deported back to Central America. He also said he worried the traffickers from her hometown might have connections in Guatemala City and could track her down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He arranged for a safe house in a secret location, but Luna decided to leave after just one night there. She refused to feel locked up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now we’d been reporting on Luna’s story for five months. Some transgender California Report listeners in Modesto who heard one of the stories even reached out to her and sent her $80, money that helped her get out of Guatemala again and start another journey back to the border. They also put together a drag performance that they dedicated to her.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April-July 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few more months, Luna found her way out of Guatemala and back to Mexico. She applied for a humanitarian visa to stay temporarily and found a job making tortillas in a restaurant in Tapachula. She met some new friends, other transgender migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, emboldened by her new friends, she decided to dress as a woman again, for dinner with them at a local cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she called at 6 a.m. the next morning, crying. She said she had been raped by five armed men, who abducted her while she was waiting alone for a taxi after dinner. She said they beat her, kicking her in the kidneys, where she was recovering from a recent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is that every time I show the person I really am, does it go so wrong?” she sobbed. “Why is life so hard?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was too afraid to file a complaint with the Mexican police, that they would probably do nothing but laugh at her and say homophobic things. She sent me a Facebook post about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diariodelsur.com.mx/local/gobierno-de-chiapas-complice-en-crimenes-de-odio-y-violencia-activistas-3949418.html\">death of a gay activist, Juan Ruiz Nicolas\u003c/a>, who was assassinated in Tapachula, the town where she was staying near the Guatemala border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If [Luna] had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her. We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college … getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she didn’t report the rape to anyone, it’s hard to confirm that Luna was assaulted. This is part of the paradox for asylum seekers. They’re expected to document and prove the horrible things that have happened to them, but all too often, the act of reporting these abuses could put them in more danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, as journalists, we’ve done our best to vet her story. KQED even sued the Department of Homeland Security to obtain Luna’s records. But when it comes to what happened to Luna in Guatemala or Mexico, there’s no way to prove the trafficking and the violence. She’s been in transit so long, living on the street and in shelters, that she has little documentation of her life. Still, Luna’s story is consistent with what advocates and investigations into the treatment of transgender and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollcall.com/2020/09/24/house-report-medical-neglect-falsified-records-harmed-detained-immigrants/\">HIV-positive immigration detainees\u003c/a> have found. Much of it is also echoed in her asylum application and in her health records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna eventually received a temporary humanitarian visa and Mexican identification card, good for one year. The Mexican government sent her back to Tijuana, to a safe house for LGBT refugees called \u003ca href=\"https://casaarcoiris.org/en/\">Casa Arcoiris\u003c/a>, or rainbow house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846833\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arco Iris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arcoiris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, we decided to visit her again in Tijuana to see how she was doing. But we couldn’t meet her at the safe house where she was staying, because they wanted to keep the location secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we met up with Luna and some of her new shelter-mates at a huge supermarket where they were shopping for dried beans, carrots and cabbage. They each took turns cooking a meal from their home country for the other residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One nonbinary friend from Honduras, who didn’t want to give their name for safety, said Luna is beloved in the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody loves her. She’s shared her history, so much we have in common,” they said. “We’ve become like family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That community, that stability, had changed things for Luna. She was wearing dresses and lipstick more often, laughing more with her new friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846825\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But she got serious again when she took us to see the section of border fence where she crossed the last time she came to California. She pointed to squirrels and dragonflies flitting between the slats of the fence, between countries, without even knowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only we humans that don’t have that freedom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked what she thought about as she gazed through the bars of the fence to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This wall kills your dreams. It takes away everything,” she said. “I told myself that when I climbed over this wall. I would leave my past behind. I would be reborn. That’s California, but I can’t get there. One day I will. It might be 2050, or 2100, but I will get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘Thank You for Telling My Story’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the COVID-19 outbreak arrived in Mexico, Luna left us a voicemail that she planned to shelter in place with a friend outside of Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked about her relief that she was far away from the Otay Mesa Detention Center, which turned out to have one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11816707/man-dies-of-covid-19-in-san-diego-ice-detention-center-lawyers-say\">biggest outbreaks of COVID-19\u003c/a>. That, ironically, being deported may have saved her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if she had still been in detention, she might have been released to a sponsor in the U.S. — as some other transgender detainees have been — to avoid the risk of getting coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a month later, in April, Luna left a voice memo. Her breathing was so heavy and ragged it was hard to understand. She said she was in the ICU at the public hospital in Tijuana, sick with COVID-19. They were about to put her on a respirator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for everything,” she rasped. “For wanting to tell my story. Hopefully people will remember a little bit about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as has happened so many times over the last two years, the WhatsApp feed with Luna went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, after several weeks in the hospital, Luna left another message from her hospital bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had taken her off the ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh God, I thought I was gonna die,” she breathed. “But nope, Luna, she’s still here, resisting everything. I’ve got a lot more life in me. A lot I still want to say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left us a voice message, saying the Mexican government just extended her humanitarian visa for another year. Still, it’s been difficult for her to work and pay her rent in Tijuana. She has lingering symptoms from COVID-19, including fatigue, difficulty breathing and sore vocal cords. Her immune system is also struggling to fight HIV. She’s worried her body isn’t strong enough to fight off another virus, so is staying at home as much as possible to avoid getting reinfected with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna also said she and other migrants are celebrating Joe Biden’s win and hoping that he will make good on his campaign pledge to “end President Trump’s detrimental asylum policies,” which included making it harder for LGBTQ migrants to seek protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said she’s ready to try for asylum in the U.S. again if things change with the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re warriors, and we’ve gotten through a lot of tough situations,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna is still dealing with the after-effects of COVID-19. She gets out of breath easily and has to use an inhaler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of donations from listeners, she’s been able to find stable housing in Tijuana, where she’s working part time as a dishwasher. On April 8, Luna proudly graduated from a 12-week course in gardening, nutrition and cooking for migrants on the border.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>She’s sitting tight, waiting for a chance to work with an immigration lawyer to try to reopen her case. She said as more asylum seekers waiting at the border are getting a chance to present their claims, she’s hopeful the transgender migrants among them will find conditions in detention improved under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna calls and leaves a voice message, nearly shrieking with excitement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am in the US! I am in San Diego. I was able to cross yesterday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, she had the help of an attorney, from the Oakland-based Transgender Law Center, who helped her with an application for humanitarian parole. And it was approved, allowing her to come into the United States while she waits for another chance to go in front of an immigration judge and ask for protection. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Queer Detainee Empowerment Project in New York City agreed to sponsor Luna. They are helping her with housing, medical care and finding a lawyer to represent her in immigration court. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent her a plane ticket for travel from San Diego to JFK – and she boarded a flight May 17 after quarantining at a hotel in San Diego and taking a COVID test. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she arrived in New York, a volunteer took her to a shelter that houses transgender women in Jamaica, Queens. She’ll eventually be able to get her own apartment, through a program in New York City that guarantees housing for people living with HIV. With her humanitarian parole status, Luna is eligible for Medicaid in New York, which can help her get HIV meds, hormones or eventually, gender-affirming surgery. QDEP can help her with English-language classes and mental health services, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’ll still have to present her case in front of an immigration judge in New York. But this time, she’ll have a lawyer to represent her. With the pandemic, the backlog of immigration cases could take many months – even years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Luna is waiting, she can start to live the life she’s dreamed about. She’s been sending us videos of her dancing to street musicians in Times Square, and wearing her new pink high tops to take the subway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living my dream, right?” Luna said in a recent voice message. “I may not be in California, but I am in New York. I know the universe will bring good things, and I’m going to be OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Dec. 4, 2020 and last updated on June 4, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was supported by a grant from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media Foundation\u003c/a>. Their Reporting Grants for Women’s Stories Program is funded by the Secular Society. Luna Guzmán’s voice in English in the audio documentary was performed by pioneering transgender actress \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Biden Administration Considers Overhaul of Asylum System at Southern Border",
"title": "Biden Administration Considers Overhaul of Asylum System at Southern Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated April 1, 2021 at 11:43 AM ET\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden's top advisers promise \"long-needed systemic reforms\" to address a backlog of more than 1 million asylum cases in the immigration court system, which often keeps people applying for asylum waiting years to resolve their cases. That could mean some big changes to how asylum cases are processed at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan the Biden administration is considering to speed up the process would take some asylum cases from the southern border out of the hands of the overloaded immigration courts under the Department of Justice. Instead, it would handle them under the purview of the Department of Homeland Security, where asylum officers already process tens of thousands of cases a year, two people familiar with the discussions who were not authorized to speak about administration plans told NPR exclusively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those familiar with the discussions say one outcome of this plan could be to discourage unauthorized migration. That's because currently those who can argue for a certain fear of persecution are able to gain temporary residence and often a work permit as they wait out their cases. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The big flaw in the system right now is your family comes in, they're going to process you, you may end up with an ankle bracelet and an asylum hearing in three years,\" said a source familiar with the discussions. \"And so it's really hard to explain to the country that it's not just an open door.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas seemed to tease the plan earlier this month, promising to reengineer the asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will shorten from years to months the time it takes to adjudicate an asylum claim while ensuring procedural safeguards and enhancing access to counsel,\" Mayorkas said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1242156/download\">530 judges\u003c/a> in the immigration courts that handle a caseload that is now backed up \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1242166/download\">to more than 1.2 million cases\u003c/a>, according to the Justice Department. Meanwhile, the asylum office that could take on some of those cases under this plan has about 860 officers and a pending caseload of about 350,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/20_0630_cisomb-2020-annual-report-to-congress.pdf\">according to the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's a much more flexible system,\" said Doris Meissner, a former commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the Clinton administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan the Biden administration is considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/us-asylum-system-crisis-charting-way-forward\">is based largely on the one\u003c/a> authored by Meissner, who is now a senior fellow at the Migration Policy Institute. Biden endorsed the plan when he was running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meissner says the majority of Central Americans who arrive at the border are not going to be eligible for asylum, but some percentage will be eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so that means that they would be able to get the protection they need in a prompt fashion, get on with their lives,\" Meissner said. \"And then, of course, it's the responsibility of the government to return those people who are not eligible unless that migrant wants to appeal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the administration could dramatically reduce the caseload by making a regulatory change to allow cases along the border to be handled by asylum officers in the Department of Homeland Security instead of the immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meissner and her colleagues say problems with the system were exacerbated by the Trump administration, which expanded controversial programs that fast-tracked the return of asylum-seekers at the southern border. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of cases in the immigration courts has exploded over the past decade \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1242166/download\">from more than 262,000 in 2010 to 1.26 million in 2020\u003c/a>. Meanwhile, just over 231,000 cases were completed in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, asylum officers for border cases are in charge of making credible-fear decisions, but then refer the cases to immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Meissner points out that asylum officers are already doing fuller reviews, including granting asylum for tens of thousands of people who already are in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Asylum officers do exactly this work for cases that arise in other parts of the country, except at the southern border, because of this way that the statutes were written that didn't anticipate cases across the southern border,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, asylum officers granted asylum to nearly 30,000 applicants from places such as Venezuela, China, Egypt, Turkey and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This included grants of asylum to more than 3,200 applicants from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras who were already in the U.S. when they applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say they welcome a more efficient system, provided changes are not used as a way to expedite removals as the Trump administration did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Eleanor Acer, Human Rights First']'The massive backlog must be dealt with ... But the answer to that problem is not to deprive asylum-seekers of due process and a fair hearing, or to weaponize the asylum process to try to deter other people from seeking U.S. protection.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleanor Acer of Human Rights First says there are a host of reasons to allow asylum officers to conduct the first set of interviews and reduce the numbers, but she says it's important that applicants have a chance to appeal to the court before being removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The massive backlog must be dealt with,\" she said. \"But the answer to that problem is not to deprive asylum-seekers of due process and a fair hearing, or to weaponize the asylum process to try to deter other people from seeking U.S. protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has already ended two of the Trump administration's programs, the Prompt Asylum Case Review and the Humanitarian Asylum Review Program, that were designed to quickly return Mexican and Central American asylum-seekers suspected of having invalid claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Homeland Security officials declined to discuss plans to shift border cases to the asylum division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an administration official said last week they are now working on a number of policies and regulations to create \"a better functioning asylum system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes establishing refugee processing in the region and strengthening other countries' asylum systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also resurrected the Central American Minors program that reunited children with parents who are in the United States legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is now seeking to \"pick up the pieces\" after the Trump administration, with a different set of policies that abide by U.S. law but also international obligations, Meissner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to have access to asylum,\" Meissner said, \"but it needs to be done in a way that can be prompt and fair, not in a way that leads to waits of years and years and court backlogs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+Administration+Considers+Overhaul+Of+Asylum+System+At+Southern+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Officials are trying to shrink the timetable for many asylum cases from 'years to months.' That could benefit people with legitimate asylum claims and discourage some unauthorized migration.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated April 1, 2021 at 11:43 AM ET\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden's top advisers promise \"long-needed systemic reforms\" to address a backlog of more than 1 million asylum cases in the immigration court system, which often keeps people applying for asylum waiting years to resolve their cases. That could mean some big changes to how asylum cases are processed at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan the Biden administration is considering to speed up the process would take some asylum cases from the southern border out of the hands of the overloaded immigration courts under the Department of Justice. Instead, it would handle them under the purview of the Department of Homeland Security, where asylum officers already process tens of thousands of cases a year, two people familiar with the discussions who were not authorized to speak about administration plans told NPR exclusively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those familiar with the discussions say one outcome of this plan could be to discourage unauthorized migration. That's because currently those who can argue for a certain fear of persecution are able to gain temporary residence and often a work permit as they wait out their cases. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The big flaw in the system right now is your family comes in, they're going to process you, you may end up with an ankle bracelet and an asylum hearing in three years,\" said a source familiar with the discussions. \"And so it's really hard to explain to the country that it's not just an open door.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas seemed to tease the plan earlier this month, promising to reengineer the asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will shorten from years to months the time it takes to adjudicate an asylum claim while ensuring procedural safeguards and enhancing access to counsel,\" Mayorkas said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1242156/download\">530 judges\u003c/a> in the immigration courts that handle a caseload that is now backed up \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1242166/download\">to more than 1.2 million cases\u003c/a>, according to the Justice Department. Meanwhile, the asylum office that could take on some of those cases under this plan has about 860 officers and a pending caseload of about 350,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/20_0630_cisomb-2020-annual-report-to-congress.pdf\">according to the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's a much more flexible system,\" said Doris Meissner, a former commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service during the Clinton administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan the Biden administration is considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/us-asylum-system-crisis-charting-way-forward\">is based largely on the one\u003c/a> authored by Meissner, who is now a senior fellow at the Migration Policy Institute. Biden endorsed the plan when he was running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meissner says the majority of Central Americans who arrive at the border are not going to be eligible for asylum, but some percentage will be eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And so that means that they would be able to get the protection they need in a prompt fashion, get on with their lives,\" Meissner said. \"And then, of course, it's the responsibility of the government to return those people who are not eligible unless that migrant wants to appeal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the administration could dramatically reduce the caseload by making a regulatory change to allow cases along the border to be handled by asylum officers in the Department of Homeland Security instead of the immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meissner and her colleagues say problems with the system were exacerbated by the Trump administration, which expanded controversial programs that fast-tracked the return of asylum-seekers at the southern border. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of cases in the immigration courts has exploded over the past decade \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1242166/download\">from more than 262,000 in 2010 to 1.26 million in 2020\u003c/a>. Meanwhile, just over 231,000 cases were completed in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, asylum officers for border cases are in charge of making credible-fear decisions, but then refer the cases to immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Meissner points out that asylum officers are already doing fuller reviews, including granting asylum for tens of thousands of people who already are in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Asylum officers do exactly this work for cases that arise in other parts of the country, except at the southern border, because of this way that the statutes were written that didn't anticipate cases across the southern border,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, asylum officers granted asylum to nearly 30,000 applicants from places such as Venezuela, China, Egypt, Turkey and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This included grants of asylum to more than 3,200 applicants from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras who were already in the U.S. when they applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say they welcome a more efficient system, provided changes are not used as a way to expedite removals as the Trump administration did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleanor Acer of Human Rights First says there are a host of reasons to allow asylum officers to conduct the first set of interviews and reduce the numbers, but she says it's important that applicants have a chance to appeal to the court before being removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The massive backlog must be dealt with,\" she said. \"But the answer to that problem is not to deprive asylum-seekers of due process and a fair hearing, or to weaponize the asylum process to try to deter other people from seeking U.S. protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has already ended two of the Trump administration's programs, the Prompt Asylum Case Review and the Humanitarian Asylum Review Program, that were designed to quickly return Mexican and Central American asylum-seekers suspected of having invalid claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Homeland Security officials declined to discuss plans to shift border cases to the asylum division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an administration official said last week they are now working on a number of policies and regulations to create \"a better functioning asylum system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes establishing refugee processing in the region and strengthening other countries' asylum systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also resurrected the Central American Minors program that reunited children with parents who are in the United States legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is now seeking to \"pick up the pieces\" after the Trump administration, with a different set of policies that abide by U.S. law but also international obligations, Meissner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to have access to asylum,\" Meissner said, \"but it needs to be done in a way that can be prompt and fair, not in a way that leads to waits of years and years and court backlogs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+Administration+Considers+Overhaul+Of+Asylum+System+At+Southern+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california",
"title": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California",
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"headTitle": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nota de editorx: Pese a que la Real Academia Española (RAE) específica el uso del término transgénero para describir y abarcar todas las experiencias trans dentro del arco de la identidad de género, hemos decidido utilizar la palabra transgénera con la intención de usar un término que mejor corresponda a las experiencias e identidad de Luna.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplió 15 años, como tantas chicas en su pueblo en Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebró con una quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me prestaron el vestido de una compañera porque yo lloraba. Cada vez que íbamos a la escuela teníamos que pasar en frente de una tienda donde habían vestidos de novia y de quinceañera”, dijo Luna. “Yo siempre me quedaba viendo, hasta tocaba el vidrio”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El vestido que pidió prestado era de color turquesa, con una falda larga. Se quitó sus zapatos tenis, se puso los tacones y una tiara y empezó a bailar con sus amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Había un pastel, botellas de champán y chambelanes, chicos que se vistieron en trajes para acompañarla a la fiesta secreta en casa de un amigo. Ninguno de sus parientes estaba allí porque no podían imaginar a Luna como una niña transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No los puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instantes de esa fiesta de cumpleaños perduran en la memoria de Luna como un tiempo en su vida en el cual sintió verdaderamente el placer y la libertad. Era algo para saborear una y otra vez conforme iniciaba la década siguiente, cuando vestía camisetas de fútbol y trataba de parecerse al chico que sabía no llevaba por dentro. Mientras lidiaba con una violencia brutal, decidió tomar el tremendo riesgo de dejar atrás todo en Guatemala y tratar de encontrar una nueva vida en California. Las memorias eran un lugar en donde ella podía imaginarse a salvo, siendo ella misma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conocimos a Luna en un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana dos años atrás y desde entonces nos hemos mantenido en contacto con ella, durante su viaje por la frontera, donde pasó meses detenida por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE por sus siglas en inglés), y su búsqueda por el amparo en México. Pasamos semanas tratando desesperadamente de localizarla en una unidad de cuidados intensivos después de que ella dejara un mensaje de voz en el que había sido diagnosticada con un caso severo de COVID-19. “Gracias por contar mi historia”, dijo con voz ronca y entrecortada, apenas se reconocía su voz . “Gracias por todo. Por contar mi historia. Si muero, ojalá que la gente un día se acuerde de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aYksXNNUA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘¿No puedes cambiar a tu hijo?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna creció en las afueras de una pequeña ciudad en el área central de Guatemala, en una casa construida por palos y periódicos. Su madre vendía papas fritas en un carrito de comida y Luna ayudó a cuidar a sus tres hermanos, uno de ellos con discapacidades del desarrollo. Su padre no formó parte de su vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que era una voraz lectora, pasando horas en la biblioteca de su ciudad. En la escuela jugaba a disfrazarse con otras chicas. Luna se transformaba en una mariposa, sus alas estaban hechas de pedazos de cartón que encontraba en las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que su madre la defendió al principio. Cuando confesó ser gay a los 14 años, su mamá brindó con una copa de agua de jamaica. Pero a medida que Luna crecía, su madre desaprobaba los vestidos y los tacones. Su hijo, ¿vistiéndose como una mujer? Para ella, eso iba en contra de la naturaleza. Entonces Luna volvió a vestir con camisetas de fútbol y pantalones cortos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esos desprecios ahora los entiendo”, dijo Luna. “Ella tal vez quería protegerme”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849344 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A los 13 años, justo en la cúspide de su adolescencia, Luna fue violada por un hombre mayor que era su vecino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En un principio decía ¿por qué a mí? Explícame ¿por qué a mí? Si hay alguien ahí arriba por qué no me explicas”, suspiró Luna. “Pero nunca obtuve esa respuesta. Nunca la obtuve. Hasta hoy en día nunca la he tenido.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que poco después fue forzada a integrar una red de tráfico de personas y labor sexual. Algunos hombres de mucho poder en su pueblo la obligaron a entrar a una red de tráfico de personas. ¿Los clientes? Hombres mayores que pagaban cientos de dólares estadounidenses para dormir con niños pequeños y niñas transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El tráfico de personas y la explotación sexual están desenfrenados en Guatemala, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha denunciado el alarmante número de menores de edad forzados a ingresar a redes de tráfico debido a la pobreza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no había nadie que la ayudara. Los proxenetas, según Luna, tenían vínculos con la policía y los principales funcionarios públicos de la ciudad. “Si alguien intentaba denunciarlos o presentar una denuncia, lo tiraban a la basura”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos menores de edad en la red de tráfico de personas estaban infectados con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Cuando tenía 16 años, Luna descubrió que era portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, conocido también como VIH. El acoso de la gente se intensificó en una ciudad donde ya se le había arrojado piedras y manifestado que se mantuviera alejada de los niños. Luna recuerda que, una vez, algunas personas la golpearon con tanta fuerza que le rompieron la clavícula y le dijeron que se comportara como un “hombre de verdad”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mi pueblo es tan pequeño. No hay información sobre orientación sexual, sobre VIH”, dijo Luna. “No hay información de nada. Es muy cerrado (de mente)”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplío 19 años, Luna cuenta que todavía la obligaban ocasionalmente a trabajar en la red de tráfico sexual. Al llegar a la edad adulta, comenzó a dar algunos pasos para recuperar el control de su vida. Se inscribió en un curso para convertirse en una bombero voluntaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849342 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán trabajó como bombera en su pueblo natal. Ella dice que abandonó la cuadrilla luego de sufrir acoso y amenazas homofóbicas. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se graduó del programa de bomberos. Se sentía valerosa al rescatar personas de accidentes automovilísticos y apagar edificios en llamas. Pero luego, los otros bomberos descubrieron que era portadora del VIH y comenzaron a burlarse de ella con insultos homofóbicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soñó entonces con una salida y puso su mirada en California. Había visto vídeos del enorme desfile del orgullo LGBTQ en San Francisco. Sabía que en California no podría ser despedida o desalojada por ser transgénera, tendría derecho a obtener una identificación con el nombre que deseaba y a usar el baño que coincida con su género. También esperaba poder ganar lo suficiente dinero para pagar su transición.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dejó a su familia, el departamento de bomberos, los vecinos y los proxenetas. Tenía 22 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Se subió al famoso tren que los migrantes llaman La Bestia, que viaja de la frontera sur a la frontera norte de México. No usó vestidos en el viaje. Como ha hecho durante la mayor parte de su vida, mantuvo su cabello corto y usó camisetas y pantalones cortos de hombre por seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849343 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She travelled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes.\" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán montada en un tren, el cual la llevaría de Guatemala a México en 2017. Viajó con otros migrantes LGBTQ y dijo que una vez fueron atacados por hombres armados con machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cruzando la Frontera Sin Un Respaldo Seguro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agosto de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando Luna llegó al cruce fronterizo entre Estados Unidos y México en Otay Mesa, cerca de San Diego, le dijo a un oficial que estaba huyendo de la violencia homofóbica en Guatemala y que estaba pidiendo asilo. Sin embargo, sus esperanzas de sentirse protegida se desvanecieron al cruzar a Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me entraron a unas oficinas. Y como a los 30 minutos me arrestaron en unas cadenas en las manos, en los pies, en la cintura”, dijo Luna. “Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los agentes fronterizos no determinan las solicitudes de asilo—eso sucede más tarde—pero son responsables de la transferencia de los detenidos en custodia de ICE, donde eventualmente hablan con un oficial encargado de procesar una petición de asilo. Sin embargo, los funcionarios fronterizos no marcaron la casilla en el formulario de admisión de Luna que indica que se identificó como LGBTQ, ni la casilla que indica que podría correr un mayor riesgo de abuso sexual durante su detención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846822 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated 8/9/2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un formulario titulado ‘Evaluación del detenido’ de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza, con la fecha 9 de agosto, de 2017. Pese a que Luna Guzmán claramente le explicó a los oficiales que ella había sido un blanco de violencia homofóbica, ellos no marcaron la casilla para identificar a Luna como alguien LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fue entonces cuando las cosas empezaron a complicarse. ICE finalmente le asignó a Luna una cama en la unidad de hombres s en el centro de detención de Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diez días después de que llegó a la frontera pidiendo ayuda, un oficial del Servicio y Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos realizó una entrevista de “miedo creíble”. Fue entonces cuando Luna dijo que a veces también se vestía como mujer. El oficial denominó su historia como verídica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semanas más tarde, una organización latina que apoya a las personas trangénero con sede cerca de Los Ángeles llamada Las Crisantemas envió una carta de apoyo a la corte de inmigración reconociendo a Luna como una mujer trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, Luna nunca fue trasladada a una unidad de detención para mujeres transgénera, a pesar de que en 2015 ICE había acordado mejorar los estándares para las detenidas transgénera, incluido el acceso a unidades separadas de la población en general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No la pusieron bajo la custodia protectora que requieren sus propios estándares”, dijo Allegra Love, abogada del Santa Fe Dreamers Project, quien ha representado a cientos de mujeres transgénera detenidas en los últimos años. Ella nunca fue la abogada de Luna, pero le pedimos que revisara su caso luego de que KQED demandó a ICE para obtener sus registros de inmigración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si alguien les dice: ‘oye, mira, soy trans, tengo disforia de género. No soy del género que crees que soy’, entonces el gobierno tiene esta responsabilidad consentida por su propia mano de tomar eso en serio y proteger a las personas de un mayor peligro”, dijo Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pasó meses en la unidad de hombres antes de que su caso de asilo pudiera ser escuchado por completo, meses en los que dijo que los otros detenidos la acosaban y menospreciaban repetidamente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846829 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Tribunal de inmigración aplazado, largos meses detenida\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna compareció ante la jueza de inmigración Olga Attia, asignada para la corte de inmgiración en 2017 por el entonces fiscal general Jeff Sessions. A Luna se le asignó un intérprete, pero ningún abogado. Si hubiera querido uno, habría tenido que encontrarlo y pagarlo por su propia cuenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En las grabaciones de audio de las audiencias en la corte de inmigración, Luna le dijo a la jueza que estaba preocupada de estar detenida durante tanto tiempo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es que no siempre me dan la medicina que necesito para la enfermedad crónica que yo sufro”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desafortunadamente, no tengo jurisdicción sobre tales asuntos,” le dijo Attia. “Debe informar a los oficiales de detención de esto”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna estuvo detenida durante cinco meses antes de poder presentar oficialmente su solicitud de asilo a la jueza Attia. Luego, la jueza le informó que no había citas disponibles para conocer la profundidad de su caso hasta otros cinco meses más.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de seis meses detenida, Luna era elegible para salir bajo fianza. Los abogados de ICE no se opusieron puesto que ella no tenía antecedentes penales. La jueza fijó la fianza en 4,500 dólares, sin embargo, como muchos solicitantes de asilo, Luna no tenía forma de pagar esa cantidad de dinero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mí me hace daño psicológicamente. Yo nunca he estado detenida, su señoría”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incapaz de tolerar su detención en una unidad de hombres, Luna realizó algo que jamás pensó que podría. Renunció a su caso de asilo y pidió ser deportada de inmediato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voy a cumplir 8 meses de estar detenida en el centro de detención”, dijo Luna a través de un intérprete. “Me siento sola. No tengo palabras para explicarle, su señoría”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso cuando Attia aceptó el retiro de la solicitud de asilo, no estaba claro que la jueza entendía que Luna era transgénera. Después de que el intérprete explicó que Luna se refería a sí misma con el pronombre femenino, Attia siguió llamando a Luna “señor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo puedo imaginar la pérdida de esperanza que alguien experimenta cuando huye de un país donde la razón por la que su vida está en peligro es porque sus instituciones se niegan a reconocer quiénes son”, dijo Love, la abogada que ha representado a decenas de personas trans detenidas provenientes de Centroamérica. “Luego llegar con un sentimiento de esperanza a un lugar donde creen que van a recibir un trato diferente, y luego que los agentes del orden y los jueces, oficiales de la corte, los rechacen inmediatamente también”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si Luna hubiera decidido permanecer detenida y continuar con su solicitud de asilo, las probabilidades estaban en su contra especialmente sin un abogado. Durante el último año de la administración de Barack Obama, se denegó el 55 por ciento de todas las peticiones de asilo. Bajo la administración de Donald Trump, esas cifras subieron a un récord del 72 por ciento en 2020, según datos del proyecto TRAC de la Universidad de Syracuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para los solicitantes de asilo de Guatemala, la tasa es aún mayor: el 85.8 por ciento de esas solicitudes son rechazadas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el avión chárter de ICE para transportar a Luna y otros detenidos de regreso a Guatemala, ella recuerda que tuvo un ataque de pánico, temblaba tanto que apenas podía caminar sobre la pista cuando aterrizó en Ciudad de Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que fue a quedarse con su hermana, quien se había casado con un cristiano evangélico. Sin embargo, después de unos días, su hermana le dio algo de dinero y le pidió que se marchara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tienes un hogar conmigo como una hermana”, recordó Luna que su hermana le dijo. “Solo como un hermano”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se fue de Guatemala y poco a poco regresó a la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, con la esperanza de encontrar un camino de regreso a California. Conocimos a Luna mientras se hospedaba en Casa del Migrante, un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfó. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que estaba tratando de seguir adelante como lavaplatos en un restaurante donde el dueño hacía comentarios homofóbicos. También luchaba por encontrar una clínica donde obtener su medicamento contra el VIH sin una identificación mexicana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las suelas de sus zapatos se estaban desgastando y vestía una camiseta de fútbol, su cabello era muy corto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfo. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como \"una mariposa con las alas rotas\".' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como “una mariposa con las alas rotas”. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un mes después, Luna mandó un mensaje vía WhatsApp para decir que sabía que su sueño de venir a California probablemente terminó porque había renunciado a su solicitud de asilo el año anterior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero luego, unas semanas más tarde, envió un vídeo suyo, de pie, en un lugar con mucho viento, y con el muro fronterizo detrás de ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¡Mira!” exclamó Luna. “¡Crucé! Te veré en San Francisco, junto al puente Golden Gate para tomar un café”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp se mantuvo en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recibimos finalmente una llamada que debimos pagar del centro de detención de Otay Mesa. Luna dijo a través de la línea telefónica desafinada que estaba en la misma celda y en la misma cama en la que se había quedado el año pasado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Le quita las alas a una mariposa, así me siento yo ahora”, dijo Luna. “He sido una prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 de marzo de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de que Luna estuvo detenida durante unas seis semanas, ICE nos concedió permiso para entrevistarla en persona en Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seguimos a un guardia a una sala de espera con otras familias. Un letrero sobre el escritorio de metal gris de un guardia decía: “la esperanza es el ancla del alma. Sé agradecido”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando llamaron nuestros nombres, pasamos por una puerta pesada hasta donde Luna estaba sentada en una pequeña habitación. Vestía sandalias Crocs azules, calcetines marrones y un uniforme azul con la palabra “detenida” estampada en la espalda con letras blancas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846827 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Se veía demacrada y exhausta, pero sus ojos aún brillaban. Su cabello era muy corto. Luna dijo que tuvo que cortárselo todo después de que un hombre le quitara un trozo de cabello con una navaja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me dijo que no toleraba a los homosexuales y me cortó con la navaja”, dijo Luna. “De un rastrillo de una rasuradora me cortó mi cabello. Fue muy duro para mí porque me dijo que si yo me quejaba con los oficiales me iba a ir peor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo además que eso sucedió en el Centro Correccional Metropolitano, una cárcel federal en San Diego, donde estuvo detenida durante aproximadamente una semana después de que los agentes de la patrulla fronteriza la recogieran. Fue acusada allí del delito federal de reingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos, luego de que el presidente Trump intensificara los enjuiciamientos bajo una política de “cero tolerancia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el acoso sexual en el centro de detención de ICE fue aún peor, agregó Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí hay personas que nos tocan el trasero, que nos tocan las bubis que nos miran cuando nos estamos bañando”, dijo Luna. “ Quieren que nos enseñen sus partes. Yo no quiero estar más tiempo acá. Yo sé que si yo me meto una queja, no me van a hacer caso. Yo se que no me van a hacer caso”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, Luna dijo que no le alcanzaba el dinero para comprarse champú o bocadillos en la tienda del centro de detención. Agregó que otros presos se ofrecieron a comprárselos a cambio de favores sexuales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no voy a hacer algo que no me guste por una sopa que vale 60 centavos de dólar”, dijo Luna. Yo no voy a estar haciendo cosas malas, tener sexo con nadie acá. Toda la discriminación que vivimos allá afuera, acá es peor porque acá es otro mundo. Acá es un mundo de la discriminación y la homofobia y el acoso es súper grandísimo. Es peor que allá afuera. Porque acá no tienes para dónde ir, acá está todo cerrado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un estudio en 2018 encontró que los inmigrantes LGBTQ tienen casi 100 veces más probabilidades de ser acosados o agredidos sexualmente durante una detención de ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He sido prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que no quería llorar delante de nosotros. Quería ser la persona fuerte que nos había impresionado con su coraje y tenacidad cuando la conocimos en Tijuana cuatro meses atrás.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero después de nuestra entrevista nos asomamos por una ventana de la pequeña habitación. Tenía la cabeza sobre la mesa y sollozaba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846828 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>El segundo período de detención de Luna solo duró un par de meses. ICE trató de deportarla lo antes posible: había reingresado a Estados Unidos escalando la valla fronteriza y violó la prohibición de cinco años de reingreso que se le impuso cuando fue deportada por primera vez. Ahora se le prohibió regresar al país en 20 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esta era la segunda vez que estaba detenida y todavía no tenía abogado. Nadie que le ofrezca una alternativa al asilo, algo llamado “Retención de la Expulsión”, que ha permitido que algunas mujeres trans de Centroamérica se queden en Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella”, dijo Love. “Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribiéndose en una universidad comunitaria o, ya sabes, consiguiendo su primer apartamento o, de hecho, obteniendo su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos y una green card o permiso de residencia. Pero en cambio, no se le proporcionó el proceso que se merecía”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“No es seguro que te quedes en Guatemala”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo 27 de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna fue deportada por segunda vez a la Ciudad de Guatemala. KQED contrató a un equipo de filmación para encontrarse con ella cuando bajara del avión.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contó cuatro dólares estadounidense de una bolsa de plástico marcada como “propiedad personal”, dinero ganado trabajando en la lavandería del centro de detención. Se pasó la mano por la cara, como queriendo que todo desapareciera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego se dirigió a la Asociación Lambda, una organización LGBTQ en la Ciudad de Guatemala que ayuda a los deportados, que después de escuchar su historia, un empleado de admisión le dijo a Luna que no era seguro quedarse en Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Su perfil es de alto riesgo”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No necesitaba recordarle sobre las mujeres trans que fueron asesinadas recientemente después de haber sido deportadas a Centroamérica. El empleado de admisión dijo también que le preocupaba que los proxenetas en su ciudad natal pudieran tener conexiones en la Ciudad de Guatemala y rastrearla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consiguió una casa segura en un lugar secreto, pero Luna decidió irse después de pasar una noche allí. Se negó a sentirse encerrada de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A estas alturas llevábamos cinco meses informando sobre la historia de Luna. Algunos oyentes transgéneros de California Report en Modesto que escucharon una de las historias, la contactaron y le enviaron 80 dólares, dinero que la ayudó a salir de Guatemala nuevamente y emprender otro viaje de regreso a la frontera. También organizaron un \u003cem>drag show\u003c/em> dedicado a Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril y julio de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de unos meses más, Luna encontró la manera de salir de Guatemala y regresar a México. Solicitó una visa humanitaria para quedarse temporalmente y encontró trabajo haciendo tortillas en un restaurante de Tapachula. Conoció a algunos nuevos amigos, otros migrantes transgéneros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronto, llena de valor por sus nuevos amigos, decidió vestirse de mujer nuevamente para cenar con ellos en un café local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mañana siguiente, a las 6 a.m. llamó llorando. Dijo que había sido violada por cinco hombres armados, que la secuestraron mientras esperaba un taxi después de cenar. Dijo que la golpearon y la patearon en los riñones, donde se estaba recuperando de una reciente infección.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Por qué tengo que sufrir tanto? ¿Por qué la vida es injusta conmigo?”, sollozó Luna. “¿Por qué cuando demuestro la persona que soy, siempre me va mal, eso es lo que no entiendo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que tenía demasiado miedo de presentar una demanda ante la policía mexicana, porque probablemente no harían más que reírse de ella y decir cosas homofóbicas. Me envió una publicación en Facebook sobre la muerte de un activista gay, Juan Ruiz Nicolás, quien fue asesinado en Tapachula, el pueblo donde se hospedaba cerca de la frontera con Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Allegra Love, abogada con Santa Fe Dreamers Project\"]‘Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella. Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribirse en un colegio comunitario o, ya sabes, conseguir su primer apartamento o, de hecho, conseguir su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos’.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Como no reportó la violación a nadie, es difícil confirmar que Luna fue agredida. Esto es parte de la paradoja de los solicitantes de asilo. Se espera que documenten y prueben las cosas horribles que les han sucedido, pero con demasiada frecuencia, el acto de demandar estos abusos podría ponerlos en mayor peligro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por supuesto, como periodistas, hemos hecho todo lo posible para examinar su historia. KQED incluso demandó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional para obtener los registros de Luna. Pero cuando se trata de lo que sucedió a Luna en Guatemala o México, no hay forma de probar el tráfico y la violencia. Llevaba tanto tiempo en tránsito, viviendo en la calle y en refugios, que tiene poca documentación de su vida. Aún así, la historia de Luna es consistente con lo que han encontrado los defensores y las investigaciones sobre el trato de los detenidos inmigrantes transgéneros y portadores de VIH. Mucho de esto también se refleja en su solicitud de asilo y en sus registros médicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna finalmente recibió una visa humanitaria temporal y una tarjeta de identificación mexicana, válida por un año. El gobierno mexicano la envió de regreso a Tijuana, a una casa segura para refugiados LGBTQ llamada Casa Arcoíris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En octubre decidimos volver a visitarla en Tijuana para saber cómo estaba. Pero no pudimos encontrarnos con ella en la casa donde se quedaba porque querían mantener la ubicación en secreto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nos encontramos con Luna y uno de sus nuevos compañeros refugiados en un enorme supermercado donde compraban frijoles secos, zanahorias y repollo. Cada uno de ellos se turnaron para cocinar un platillo de su país de origen para los otros habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Une amige no binario de Honduras, que no quiso dar su nombre por seguridad, dijo que Luna es bien querida en la casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se ha encariñado con todo el mundo. Todo el mundo la aprecia mucho”, dijo une compañere refugiados de Luna. \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u003c/span>“Ha compartido su historia. La comunidad LGBT nos hace una conexión como familia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esa comunidad, esa estabilidad, cambiaron las cosas para Luna. Llevaba vestido y lápiz labial con más frecuencia, se reía más con sus nuevos amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846825 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pero su semblante cambió cuando nos llevó a ver la sección de la valla fronteriza por donde cruzó la última vez que vino a California. Señaló ardillas y libélulas que volaban entre los listones de la cerca, entre países, sin siquiera saberlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es algo que los humanos se nos limita a veces, verdad, que no tenemos esa libertad”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le preguntamos qué pensaba mientras miraba a través de los barrotes de la cerca hacia California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es un muro que mata sueños, que quita todo”, dijo Luna “Yo dije de este muro para acá, voy a dejar todo mi pasado. No a voltear ni a ver. Aquí es el nuevo inicio, aquí volví a nacer. Eso es California, y no se va a ir. Algún día yo voy a ir ahí. No sé si hasta cuando sea el 2050 o 2100 pero voy a ir ahí algún día”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846830 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>“Gracias por contar mi historia”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando el brote de COVID-19 llegó a México, Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz. Planeaba quedarse en un albergue con una amiga en las afueras de Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hablamos sobre su alivio por estar lejos del centro de detención de Otay Mesa que resultó tener uno de los mayores brotes de COVID-19. Irónicamente, ser deportada pudo haberle salvado la vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por otro lado, si todavía estuviera detenida, podría haber sido entregada a un patrocinador en EE.UU., como lo han estado algunos otros detenidos transgénera, para evitar el riesgo de contraer coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero un mes después, en abril, Luna dejó una mensaje de voz. Su respiración era tan pesada y astrosa que era difícil de entender. Dijo que estaba en una unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital público de Tijuana, enferma de COVID-19. Estaban a punto de ponerle un respirador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gracias por todo”, dijo Luna con voz ronca. “Por querer contar mi historia. Ojalá la gente recuerde un poco de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego, como ha sucedido tantas veces en los últimos dos años, la conversación con Luna en WhatsApp se quedó en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finalmente, luego de varias semanas en el hospital, Luna dejó otro mensaje desde su cama de hospital. La habían desconectado del ventilador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ay, Dios, yo pensé que iba a morir”, suspiró. “Pero no, aquí la pinche Luna está todavía aquí. Aquí está todavía resistiendo todo esto. Tengo mucho que vivir, mucho que expresar todavía. Soy una mujer fuerte. He sobrevivido todo, puedo sobrevivir esto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Historias Relacionadas' tag='kqed-en-espanol']\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz diciendo que el gobierno mexicano acaba de extender su visa humanitaria por un año más. Para ella era complicado trabajar y pagar alquiler en Tijuana. Tiene síntomas persistentes de coronavirus que incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y dolor en las cuerdas vocales. Su sistema inmunológico también estaba luchando para combatir el VIH. Le preocupa que su cuerpo no sea lo suficientemente fuerte para combatir otro virus, por lo que se queda en casa lo más posible para evitar volver a infectarse con COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que ella y otros migrantes están celebrando la victoria de Joe Biden y esperan que él cumpla su promesa de campaña de “poner fin a las políticas de asilo perjudiciales del presidente Trump”, que incluían dificultar la búsqueda de protección para los migrantes LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que está lista para solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos nuevamente si las cosas cambian bajo el nuevo gobierno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí estamos echándole ganas a la vida. Somos guerrilleras y hemos pasado por momentos difíciles. Tenemos esperanzas siempre, siempre sonriendole a la vida”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este reporte fue traducido por el periodista Kervy Robles y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> y \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lblanco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lina Blanco\u003c/a> también contribuyeron a esta versión en español. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este proyecto contó con el apoyo de una subvención de la fundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media\u003c/a>. Su programa de Subvenciones para reportar las historias de las mujeres recibe fondos de la organización Secular Society. \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna\u003c/a>, actriz transgénero vanguardista, dio su voz para el doblaje de Luna Guzmán en el audio \u003c/em>\u003cem>documental.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Hemos seguido la historia de Luna Guzmán por dos años, desde que llegó a Tijuana luego de haber abandonado su vieja vida en Guatemala con el sueño de llegar a California.",
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"title": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://erin-mcintyre.com/\">Erin Siegal McIntyre\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nota de editorx: Pese a que la Real Academia Española (RAE) específica el uso del término transgénero para describir y abarcar todas las experiencias trans dentro del arco de la identidad de género, hemos decidido utilizar la palabra transgénera con la intención de usar un término que mejor corresponda a las experiencias e identidad de Luna.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplió 15 años, como tantas chicas en su pueblo en Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebró con una quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me prestaron el vestido de una compañera porque yo lloraba. Cada vez que íbamos a la escuela teníamos que pasar en frente de una tienda donde habían vestidos de novia y de quinceañera”, dijo Luna. “Yo siempre me quedaba viendo, hasta tocaba el vidrio”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El vestido que pidió prestado era de color turquesa, con una falda larga. Se quitó sus zapatos tenis, se puso los tacones y una tiara y empezó a bailar con sus amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Había un pastel, botellas de champán y chambelanes, chicos que se vistieron en trajes para acompañarla a la fiesta secreta en casa de un amigo. Ninguno de sus parientes estaba allí porque no podían imaginar a Luna como una niña transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No los puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instantes de esa fiesta de cumpleaños perduran en la memoria de Luna como un tiempo en su vida en el cual sintió verdaderamente el placer y la libertad. Era algo para saborear una y otra vez conforme iniciaba la década siguiente, cuando vestía camisetas de fútbol y trataba de parecerse al chico que sabía no llevaba por dentro. Mientras lidiaba con una violencia brutal, decidió tomar el tremendo riesgo de dejar atrás todo en Guatemala y tratar de encontrar una nueva vida en California. Las memorias eran un lugar en donde ella podía imaginarse a salvo, siendo ella misma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conocimos a Luna en un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana dos años atrás y desde entonces nos hemos mantenido en contacto con ella, durante su viaje por la frontera, donde pasó meses detenida por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE por sus siglas en inglés), y su búsqueda por el amparo en México. Pasamos semanas tratando desesperadamente de localizarla en una unidad de cuidados intensivos después de que ella dejara un mensaje de voz en el que había sido diagnosticada con un caso severo de COVID-19. “Gracias por contar mi historia”, dijo con voz ronca y entrecortada, apenas se reconocía su voz . “Gracias por todo. Por contar mi historia. Si muero, ojalá que la gente un día se acuerde de mí”.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>‘¿No puedes cambiar a tu hijo?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna creció en las afueras de una pequeña ciudad en el área central de Guatemala, en una casa construida por palos y periódicos. Su madre vendía papas fritas en un carrito de comida y Luna ayudó a cuidar a sus tres hermanos, uno de ellos con discapacidades del desarrollo. Su padre no formó parte de su vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que era una voraz lectora, pasando horas en la biblioteca de su ciudad. En la escuela jugaba a disfrazarse con otras chicas. Luna se transformaba en una mariposa, sus alas estaban hechas de pedazos de cartón que encontraba en las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que su madre la defendió al principio. Cuando confesó ser gay a los 14 años, su mamá brindó con una copa de agua de jamaica. Pero a medida que Luna crecía, su madre desaprobaba los vestidos y los tacones. Su hijo, ¿vistiéndose como una mujer? Para ella, eso iba en contra de la naturaleza. Entonces Luna volvió a vestir con camisetas de fútbol y pantalones cortos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esos desprecios ahora los entiendo”, dijo Luna. “Ella tal vez quería protegerme”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849344 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A los 13 años, justo en la cúspide de su adolescencia, Luna fue violada por un hombre mayor que era su vecino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En un principio decía ¿por qué a mí? Explícame ¿por qué a mí? Si hay alguien ahí arriba por qué no me explicas”, suspiró Luna. “Pero nunca obtuve esa respuesta. Nunca la obtuve. Hasta hoy en día nunca la he tenido.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que poco después fue forzada a integrar una red de tráfico de personas y labor sexual. Algunos hombres de mucho poder en su pueblo la obligaron a entrar a una red de tráfico de personas. ¿Los clientes? Hombres mayores que pagaban cientos de dólares estadounidenses para dormir con niños pequeños y niñas transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El tráfico de personas y la explotación sexual están desenfrenados en Guatemala, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha denunciado el alarmante número de menores de edad forzados a ingresar a redes de tráfico debido a la pobreza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no había nadie que la ayudara. Los proxenetas, según Luna, tenían vínculos con la policía y los principales funcionarios públicos de la ciudad. “Si alguien intentaba denunciarlos o presentar una denuncia, lo tiraban a la basura”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos menores de edad en la red de tráfico de personas estaban infectados con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Cuando tenía 16 años, Luna descubrió que era portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, conocido también como VIH. El acoso de la gente se intensificó en una ciudad donde ya se le había arrojado piedras y manifestado que se mantuviera alejada de los niños. Luna recuerda que, una vez, algunas personas la golpearon con tanta fuerza que le rompieron la clavícula y le dijeron que se comportara como un “hombre de verdad”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mi pueblo es tan pequeño. No hay información sobre orientación sexual, sobre VIH”, dijo Luna. “No hay información de nada. Es muy cerrado (de mente)”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplío 19 años, Luna cuenta que todavía la obligaban ocasionalmente a trabajar en la red de tráfico sexual. Al llegar a la edad adulta, comenzó a dar algunos pasos para recuperar el control de su vida. Se inscribió en un curso para convertirse en una bombero voluntaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849342 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán trabajó como bombera en su pueblo natal. Ella dice que abandonó la cuadrilla luego de sufrir acoso y amenazas homofóbicas. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se graduó del programa de bomberos. Se sentía valerosa al rescatar personas de accidentes automovilísticos y apagar edificios en llamas. Pero luego, los otros bomberos descubrieron que era portadora del VIH y comenzaron a burlarse de ella con insultos homofóbicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soñó entonces con una salida y puso su mirada en California. Había visto vídeos del enorme desfile del orgullo LGBTQ en San Francisco. Sabía que en California no podría ser despedida o desalojada por ser transgénera, tendría derecho a obtener una identificación con el nombre que deseaba y a usar el baño que coincida con su género. También esperaba poder ganar lo suficiente dinero para pagar su transición.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dejó a su familia, el departamento de bomberos, los vecinos y los proxenetas. Tenía 22 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Se subió al famoso tren que los migrantes llaman La Bestia, que viaja de la frontera sur a la frontera norte de México. No usó vestidos en el viaje. Como ha hecho durante la mayor parte de su vida, mantuvo su cabello corto y usó camisetas y pantalones cortos de hombre por seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849343 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She travelled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes.\" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán montada en un tren, el cual la llevaría de Guatemala a México en 2017. Viajó con otros migrantes LGBTQ y dijo que una vez fueron atacados por hombres armados con machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cruzando la Frontera Sin Un Respaldo Seguro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agosto de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando Luna llegó al cruce fronterizo entre Estados Unidos y México en Otay Mesa, cerca de San Diego, le dijo a un oficial que estaba huyendo de la violencia homofóbica en Guatemala y que estaba pidiendo asilo. Sin embargo, sus esperanzas de sentirse protegida se desvanecieron al cruzar a Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me entraron a unas oficinas. Y como a los 30 minutos me arrestaron en unas cadenas en las manos, en los pies, en la cintura”, dijo Luna. “Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los agentes fronterizos no determinan las solicitudes de asilo—eso sucede más tarde—pero son responsables de la transferencia de los detenidos en custodia de ICE, donde eventualmente hablan con un oficial encargado de procesar una petición de asilo. Sin embargo, los funcionarios fronterizos no marcaron la casilla en el formulario de admisión de Luna que indica que se identificó como LGBTQ, ni la casilla que indica que podría correr un mayor riesgo de abuso sexual durante su detención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846822 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated 8/9/2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un formulario titulado ‘Evaluación del detenido’ de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza, con la fecha 9 de agosto, de 2017. Pese a que Luna Guzmán claramente le explicó a los oficiales que ella había sido un blanco de violencia homofóbica, ellos no marcaron la casilla para identificar a Luna como alguien LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fue entonces cuando las cosas empezaron a complicarse. ICE finalmente le asignó a Luna una cama en la unidad de hombres s en el centro de detención de Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diez días después de que llegó a la frontera pidiendo ayuda, un oficial del Servicio y Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos realizó una entrevista de “miedo creíble”. Fue entonces cuando Luna dijo que a veces también se vestía como mujer. El oficial denominó su historia como verídica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semanas más tarde, una organización latina que apoya a las personas trangénero con sede cerca de Los Ángeles llamada Las Crisantemas envió una carta de apoyo a la corte de inmigración reconociendo a Luna como una mujer trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, Luna nunca fue trasladada a una unidad de detención para mujeres transgénera, a pesar de que en 2015 ICE había acordado mejorar los estándares para las detenidas transgénera, incluido el acceso a unidades separadas de la población en general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No la pusieron bajo la custodia protectora que requieren sus propios estándares”, dijo Allegra Love, abogada del Santa Fe Dreamers Project, quien ha representado a cientos de mujeres transgénera detenidas en los últimos años. Ella nunca fue la abogada de Luna, pero le pedimos que revisara su caso luego de que KQED demandó a ICE para obtener sus registros de inmigración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si alguien les dice: ‘oye, mira, soy trans, tengo disforia de género. No soy del género que crees que soy’, entonces el gobierno tiene esta responsabilidad consentida por su propia mano de tomar eso en serio y proteger a las personas de un mayor peligro”, dijo Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pasó meses en la unidad de hombres antes de que su caso de asilo pudiera ser escuchado por completo, meses en los que dijo que los otros detenidos la acosaban y menospreciaban repetidamente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846829 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Tribunal de inmigración aplazado, largos meses detenida\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna compareció ante la jueza de inmigración Olga Attia, asignada para la corte de inmgiración en 2017 por el entonces fiscal general Jeff Sessions. A Luna se le asignó un intérprete, pero ningún abogado. Si hubiera querido uno, habría tenido que encontrarlo y pagarlo por su propia cuenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En las grabaciones de audio de las audiencias en la corte de inmigración, Luna le dijo a la jueza que estaba preocupada de estar detenida durante tanto tiempo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es que no siempre me dan la medicina que necesito para la enfermedad crónica que yo sufro”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desafortunadamente, no tengo jurisdicción sobre tales asuntos,” le dijo Attia. “Debe informar a los oficiales de detención de esto”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna estuvo detenida durante cinco meses antes de poder presentar oficialmente su solicitud de asilo a la jueza Attia. Luego, la jueza le informó que no había citas disponibles para conocer la profundidad de su caso hasta otros cinco meses más.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de seis meses detenida, Luna era elegible para salir bajo fianza. Los abogados de ICE no se opusieron puesto que ella no tenía antecedentes penales. La jueza fijó la fianza en 4,500 dólares, sin embargo, como muchos solicitantes de asilo, Luna no tenía forma de pagar esa cantidad de dinero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mí me hace daño psicológicamente. Yo nunca he estado detenida, su señoría”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incapaz de tolerar su detención en una unidad de hombres, Luna realizó algo que jamás pensó que podría. Renunció a su caso de asilo y pidió ser deportada de inmediato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voy a cumplir 8 meses de estar detenida en el centro de detención”, dijo Luna a través de un intérprete. “Me siento sola. No tengo palabras para explicarle, su señoría”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso cuando Attia aceptó el retiro de la solicitud de asilo, no estaba claro que la jueza entendía que Luna era transgénera. Después de que el intérprete explicó que Luna se refería a sí misma con el pronombre femenino, Attia siguió llamando a Luna “señor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo puedo imaginar la pérdida de esperanza que alguien experimenta cuando huye de un país donde la razón por la que su vida está en peligro es porque sus instituciones se niegan a reconocer quiénes son”, dijo Love, la abogada que ha representado a decenas de personas trans detenidas provenientes de Centroamérica. “Luego llegar con un sentimiento de esperanza a un lugar donde creen que van a recibir un trato diferente, y luego que los agentes del orden y los jueces, oficiales de la corte, los rechacen inmediatamente también”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si Luna hubiera decidido permanecer detenida y continuar con su solicitud de asilo, las probabilidades estaban en su contra especialmente sin un abogado. Durante el último año de la administración de Barack Obama, se denegó el 55 por ciento de todas las peticiones de asilo. Bajo la administración de Donald Trump, esas cifras subieron a un récord del 72 por ciento en 2020, según datos del proyecto TRAC de la Universidad de Syracuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para los solicitantes de asilo de Guatemala, la tasa es aún mayor: el 85.8 por ciento de esas solicitudes son rechazadas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el avión chárter de ICE para transportar a Luna y otros detenidos de regreso a Guatemala, ella recuerda que tuvo un ataque de pánico, temblaba tanto que apenas podía caminar sobre la pista cuando aterrizó en Ciudad de Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que fue a quedarse con su hermana, quien se había casado con un cristiano evangélico. Sin embargo, después de unos días, su hermana le dio algo de dinero y le pidió que se marchara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tienes un hogar conmigo como una hermana”, recordó Luna que su hermana le dijo. “Solo como un hermano”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se fue de Guatemala y poco a poco regresó a la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, con la esperanza de encontrar un camino de regreso a California. Conocimos a Luna mientras se hospedaba en Casa del Migrante, un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfó. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que estaba tratando de seguir adelante como lavaplatos en un restaurante donde el dueño hacía comentarios homofóbicos. También luchaba por encontrar una clínica donde obtener su medicamento contra el VIH sin una identificación mexicana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las suelas de sus zapatos se estaban desgastando y vestía una camiseta de fútbol, su cabello era muy corto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfo. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como \"una mariposa con las alas rotas\".' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como “una mariposa con las alas rotas”. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un mes después, Luna mandó un mensaje vía WhatsApp para decir que sabía que su sueño de venir a California probablemente terminó porque había renunciado a su solicitud de asilo el año anterior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero luego, unas semanas más tarde, envió un vídeo suyo, de pie, en un lugar con mucho viento, y con el muro fronterizo detrás de ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¡Mira!” exclamó Luna. “¡Crucé! Te veré en San Francisco, junto al puente Golden Gate para tomar un café”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp se mantuvo en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recibimos finalmente una llamada que debimos pagar del centro de detención de Otay Mesa. Luna dijo a través de la línea telefónica desafinada que estaba en la misma celda y en la misma cama en la que se había quedado el año pasado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Le quita las alas a una mariposa, así me siento yo ahora”, dijo Luna. “He sido una prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 de marzo de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de que Luna estuvo detenida durante unas seis semanas, ICE nos concedió permiso para entrevistarla en persona en Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seguimos a un guardia a una sala de espera con otras familias. Un letrero sobre el escritorio de metal gris de un guardia decía: “la esperanza es el ancla del alma. Sé agradecido”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando llamaron nuestros nombres, pasamos por una puerta pesada hasta donde Luna estaba sentada en una pequeña habitación. Vestía sandalias Crocs azules, calcetines marrones y un uniforme azul con la palabra “detenida” estampada en la espalda con letras blancas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846827 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Se veía demacrada y exhausta, pero sus ojos aún brillaban. Su cabello era muy corto. Luna dijo que tuvo que cortárselo todo después de que un hombre le quitara un trozo de cabello con una navaja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me dijo que no toleraba a los homosexuales y me cortó con la navaja”, dijo Luna. “De un rastrillo de una rasuradora me cortó mi cabello. Fue muy duro para mí porque me dijo que si yo me quejaba con los oficiales me iba a ir peor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo además que eso sucedió en el Centro Correccional Metropolitano, una cárcel federal en San Diego, donde estuvo detenida durante aproximadamente una semana después de que los agentes de la patrulla fronteriza la recogieran. Fue acusada allí del delito federal de reingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos, luego de que el presidente Trump intensificara los enjuiciamientos bajo una política de “cero tolerancia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el acoso sexual en el centro de detención de ICE fue aún peor, agregó Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí hay personas que nos tocan el trasero, que nos tocan las bubis que nos miran cuando nos estamos bañando”, dijo Luna. “ Quieren que nos enseñen sus partes. Yo no quiero estar más tiempo acá. Yo sé que si yo me meto una queja, no me van a hacer caso. Yo se que no me van a hacer caso”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, Luna dijo que no le alcanzaba el dinero para comprarse champú o bocadillos en la tienda del centro de detención. Agregó que otros presos se ofrecieron a comprárselos a cambio de favores sexuales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no voy a hacer algo que no me guste por una sopa que vale 60 centavos de dólar”, dijo Luna. Yo no voy a estar haciendo cosas malas, tener sexo con nadie acá. Toda la discriminación que vivimos allá afuera, acá es peor porque acá es otro mundo. Acá es un mundo de la discriminación y la homofobia y el acoso es súper grandísimo. Es peor que allá afuera. Porque acá no tienes para dónde ir, acá está todo cerrado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un estudio en 2018 encontró que los inmigrantes LGBTQ tienen casi 100 veces más probabilidades de ser acosados o agredidos sexualmente durante una detención de ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He sido prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que no quería llorar delante de nosotros. Quería ser la persona fuerte que nos había impresionado con su coraje y tenacidad cuando la conocimos en Tijuana cuatro meses atrás.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero después de nuestra entrevista nos asomamos por una ventana de la pequeña habitación. Tenía la cabeza sobre la mesa y sollozaba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846828 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>El segundo período de detención de Luna solo duró un par de meses. ICE trató de deportarla lo antes posible: había reingresado a Estados Unidos escalando la valla fronteriza y violó la prohibición de cinco años de reingreso que se le impuso cuando fue deportada por primera vez. Ahora se le prohibió regresar al país en 20 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esta era la segunda vez que estaba detenida y todavía no tenía abogado. Nadie que le ofrezca una alternativa al asilo, algo llamado “Retención de la Expulsión”, que ha permitido que algunas mujeres trans de Centroamérica se queden en Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella”, dijo Love. “Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribiéndose en una universidad comunitaria o, ya sabes, consiguiendo su primer apartamento o, de hecho, obteniendo su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos y una green card o permiso de residencia. Pero en cambio, no se le proporcionó el proceso que se merecía”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“No es seguro que te quedes en Guatemala”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo 27 de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna fue deportada por segunda vez a la Ciudad de Guatemala. KQED contrató a un equipo de filmación para encontrarse con ella cuando bajara del avión.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contó cuatro dólares estadounidense de una bolsa de plástico marcada como “propiedad personal”, dinero ganado trabajando en la lavandería del centro de detención. Se pasó la mano por la cara, como queriendo que todo desapareciera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego se dirigió a la Asociación Lambda, una organización LGBTQ en la Ciudad de Guatemala que ayuda a los deportados, que después de escuchar su historia, un empleado de admisión le dijo a Luna que no era seguro quedarse en Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Su perfil es de alto riesgo”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No necesitaba recordarle sobre las mujeres trans que fueron asesinadas recientemente después de haber sido deportadas a Centroamérica. El empleado de admisión dijo también que le preocupaba que los proxenetas en su ciudad natal pudieran tener conexiones en la Ciudad de Guatemala y rastrearla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consiguió una casa segura en un lugar secreto, pero Luna decidió irse después de pasar una noche allí. Se negó a sentirse encerrada de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A estas alturas llevábamos cinco meses informando sobre la historia de Luna. Algunos oyentes transgéneros de California Report en Modesto que escucharon una de las historias, la contactaron y le enviaron 80 dólares, dinero que la ayudó a salir de Guatemala nuevamente y emprender otro viaje de regreso a la frontera. También organizaron un \u003cem>drag show\u003c/em> dedicado a Luna.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril y julio de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de unos meses más, Luna encontró la manera de salir de Guatemala y regresar a México. Solicitó una visa humanitaria para quedarse temporalmente y encontró trabajo haciendo tortillas en un restaurante de Tapachula. Conoció a algunos nuevos amigos, otros migrantes transgéneros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronto, llena de valor por sus nuevos amigos, decidió vestirse de mujer nuevamente para cenar con ellos en un café local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mañana siguiente, a las 6 a.m. llamó llorando. Dijo que había sido violada por cinco hombres armados, que la secuestraron mientras esperaba un taxi después de cenar. Dijo que la golpearon y la patearon en los riñones, donde se estaba recuperando de una reciente infección.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Por qué tengo que sufrir tanto? ¿Por qué la vida es injusta conmigo?”, sollozó Luna. “¿Por qué cuando demuestro la persona que soy, siempre me va mal, eso es lo que no entiendo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que tenía demasiado miedo de presentar una demanda ante la policía mexicana, porque probablemente no harían más que reírse de ella y decir cosas homofóbicas. Me envió una publicación en Facebook sobre la muerte de un activista gay, Juan Ruiz Nicolás, quien fue asesinado en Tapachula, el pueblo donde se hospedaba cerca de la frontera con Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella. Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribirse en un colegio comunitario o, ya sabes, conseguir su primer apartamento o, de hecho, conseguir su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos’.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Como no reportó la violación a nadie, es difícil confirmar que Luna fue agredida. Esto es parte de la paradoja de los solicitantes de asilo. Se espera que documenten y prueben las cosas horribles que les han sucedido, pero con demasiada frecuencia, el acto de demandar estos abusos podría ponerlos en mayor peligro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por supuesto, como periodistas, hemos hecho todo lo posible para examinar su historia. KQED incluso demandó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional para obtener los registros de Luna. Pero cuando se trata de lo que sucedió a Luna en Guatemala o México, no hay forma de probar el tráfico y la violencia. Llevaba tanto tiempo en tránsito, viviendo en la calle y en refugios, que tiene poca documentación de su vida. Aún así, la historia de Luna es consistente con lo que han encontrado los defensores y las investigaciones sobre el trato de los detenidos inmigrantes transgéneros y portadores de VIH. Mucho de esto también se refleja en su solicitud de asilo y en sus registros médicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna finalmente recibió una visa humanitaria temporal y una tarjeta de identificación mexicana, válida por un año. El gobierno mexicano la envió de regreso a Tijuana, a una casa segura para refugiados LGBTQ llamada Casa Arcoíris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En octubre decidimos volver a visitarla en Tijuana para saber cómo estaba. Pero no pudimos encontrarnos con ella en la casa donde se quedaba porque querían mantener la ubicación en secreto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nos encontramos con Luna y uno de sus nuevos compañeros refugiados en un enorme supermercado donde compraban frijoles secos, zanahorias y repollo. Cada uno de ellos se turnaron para cocinar un platillo de su país de origen para los otros habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Une amige no binario de Honduras, que no quiso dar su nombre por seguridad, dijo que Luna es bien querida en la casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se ha encariñado con todo el mundo. Todo el mundo la aprecia mucho”, dijo une compañere refugiados de Luna. \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u003c/span>“Ha compartido su historia. La comunidad LGBT nos hace una conexión como familia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esa comunidad, esa estabilidad, cambiaron las cosas para Luna. Llevaba vestido y lápiz labial con más frecuencia, se reía más con sus nuevos amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846825 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pero su semblante cambió cuando nos llevó a ver la sección de la valla fronteriza por donde cruzó la última vez que vino a California. Señaló ardillas y libélulas que volaban entre los listones de la cerca, entre países, sin siquiera saberlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es algo que los humanos se nos limita a veces, verdad, que no tenemos esa libertad”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le preguntamos qué pensaba mientras miraba a través de los barrotes de la cerca hacia California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es un muro que mata sueños, que quita todo”, dijo Luna “Yo dije de este muro para acá, voy a dejar todo mi pasado. No a voltear ni a ver. Aquí es el nuevo inicio, aquí volví a nacer. Eso es California, y no se va a ir. Algún día yo voy a ir ahí. No sé si hasta cuando sea el 2050 o 2100 pero voy a ir ahí algún día”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846830 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>“Gracias por contar mi historia”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando el brote de COVID-19 llegó a México, Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz. Planeaba quedarse en un albergue con una amiga en las afueras de Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hablamos sobre su alivio por estar lejos del centro de detención de Otay Mesa que resultó tener uno de los mayores brotes de COVID-19. Irónicamente, ser deportada pudo haberle salvado la vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por otro lado, si todavía estuviera detenida, podría haber sido entregada a un patrocinador en EE.UU., como lo han estado algunos otros detenidos transgénera, para evitar el riesgo de contraer coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero un mes después, en abril, Luna dejó una mensaje de voz. Su respiración era tan pesada y astrosa que era difícil de entender. Dijo que estaba en una unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital público de Tijuana, enferma de COVID-19. Estaban a punto de ponerle un respirador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gracias por todo”, dijo Luna con voz ronca. “Por querer contar mi historia. Ojalá la gente recuerde un poco de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego, como ha sucedido tantas veces en los últimos dos años, la conversación con Luna en WhatsApp se quedó en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finalmente, luego de varias semanas en el hospital, Luna dejó otro mensaje desde su cama de hospital. La habían desconectado del ventilador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ay, Dios, yo pensé que iba a morir”, suspiró. “Pero no, aquí la pinche Luna está todavía aquí. Aquí está todavía resistiendo todo esto. Tengo mucho que vivir, mucho que expresar todavía. Soy una mujer fuerte. He sobrevivido todo, puedo sobrevivir esto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz diciendo que el gobierno mexicano acaba de extender su visa humanitaria por un año más. Para ella era complicado trabajar y pagar alquiler en Tijuana. Tiene síntomas persistentes de coronavirus que incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y dolor en las cuerdas vocales. Su sistema inmunológico también estaba luchando para combatir el VIH. Le preocupa que su cuerpo no sea lo suficientemente fuerte para combatir otro virus, por lo que se queda en casa lo más posible para evitar volver a infectarse con COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que ella y otros migrantes están celebrando la victoria de Joe Biden y esperan que él cumpla su promesa de campaña de “poner fin a las políticas de asilo perjudiciales del presidente Trump”, que incluían dificultar la búsqueda de protección para los migrantes LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que está lista para solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos nuevamente si las cosas cambian bajo el nuevo gobierno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí estamos echándole ganas a la vida. Somos guerrilleras y hemos pasado por momentos difíciles. Tenemos esperanzas siempre, siempre sonriendole a la vida”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este reporte fue traducido por el periodista Kervy Robles y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> y \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lblanco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lina Blanco\u003c/a> también contribuyeron a esta versión en español. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este proyecto contó con el apoyo de una subvención de la fundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media\u003c/a>. Su programa de Subvenciones para reportar las historias de las mujeres recibe fondos de la organización Secular Society. \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna\u003c/a>, actriz transgénero vanguardista, dio su voz para el doblaje de Luna Guzmán en el audio \u003c/em>\u003cem>documental.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "immigration-is-a-gateway-issue-and-the-contrast-between-trump-and-biden-is-stark",
"title": "‘Immigration Is a Gateway Issue’ — and the Contrast Between Trump and Biden Is Stark",
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"headTitle": "‘Immigration Is a Gateway Issue’ — and the Contrast Between Trump and Biden Is Stark | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump was asked at last week’s debate about his policy separating thousands of migrant families at the border — and how the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/926031426/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found#:~:text=Live%20Sessions-,Parents%20Of%20545%20Children%20Separated%20At%20U.S.%2DMexico%20Border%20Still,pandemic%2C%20according%20to%20the%20filing.\">more than 500 remaining children\u003c/a> whose parents can’t be located would ever be reunited with them. He didn’t answer the question, then tried to shift attention to an Obama-era border processing center where kids were held in chain-link fenced enclosures, asking repeatedly: “Who built the cages, Joe?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Lisa García Bedolla, UC Berkeley political scientist\"]‘Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ9vIzVZjS4\">six minutes of the debate\u003c/a> that NBC moderator Kristen Welker dedicated to immigration that night marked one of the first times the topic has come up in any kind of substantial way during the presidential campaign. That’s striking, since Trump has made restricting immigration a dominant theme of his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for voters in California, where one in four residents was born in another country and immigrants are integral to almost every community and to the state’s economy, U.S. immigration policy —and the president’s stance toward immigrants — deeply matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM&feature=youtu.be&t=208\">announced his candidacy\u003c/a> in 2015, saying Mexicans are “bringing drugs, they’re bringing crime, they’re rapists,” he has linked his political fortunes to the idea that immigrants are a threat to the United States and a drain on its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with laser focus, his administration has pushed through more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/us-immigration-system-changes-trump-presidency\">400 executive actions\u003c/a> on immigration, ranging from sweeping policy directives, such as the travel ban aimed at citizens of mostly Muslim countries, to little-noticed rule changes, including one expanding DNA collection from people in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contrast between Trump and Democratic nominee Joe Biden could hardly be starker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former vice president has pledged to reverse Trump’s immigration restrictions and raise the cap on refugee admissions to 125,000 (from Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-donald-trump-politics-united-states-immigration-f76797b97e8a0b66150d0269fe4f432b\">recently announced\u003c/a> 15,000 — a record low). Biden says he will push legislation to create “a roadmap to citizenship” for the country’s nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants. And he talks about establishing a “fair and humane” immigration system, that will “enforce our laws without targeting communities, violating due process or tearing apart families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also pledged on Thursday that, if elected, he would \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PevJComISV0&feature=youtu.be\">set up a task force\u003c/a> focused on reuniting families separated under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a year defined by the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting economic crisis, as well as protests for racial justice and an onslaught of fierce climate change-driven wildfires and hurricanes, immigration has taken a back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers believe Trump has also downplayed the issue because his policies are not popular. In a commentary published earlier this month in the liberal-leaning \u003ca href=\"https://prospect.org/politics/trump-not-talking-as-much-about-immigrants-this-year/\">American Prospect\u003c/a> magazine, executive editor David Dayen said, “Trump’s full-barreled rhetorical assault on immigrants during the 2018 midterms led to an historic defeat. This year, he’s put that talk aside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Gallup poll found that more than \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/313106/americans-not-less-immigration-first-time.aspx\">three-fourths of Americans\u003c/a> believe immigration is a good thing for the country. And a UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies Poll from 2019 found that support for immigration is even stronger among Californians, with \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2147v4gd\">82% of the state’s voters\u003c/a> saying immigrants make the U.S. a better place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s overwhelming support for a path for undocumented people to stay in the country, overwhelming support for DACA, overwhelming opposition to building a wall,” said Mark Baldassare, president of the Public Policy Institute of California, who runs a monthly \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/survey/\">statewide public opinion survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attention on immigration in the most recent presidential debate “raised the profile of the issue again and reminded California voters of what the candidates’ positions are, and whose positions are closer to theirs,” Baldassare said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the face of the pandemic, he added, immigration is a low-priority issue for most voters this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for Latino voters, it remains among a handful of top issues. A \u003ca href=\"https://latinodecisions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NALEO-Week-7-Toplines_weekly.pdf\">national poll this month\u003c/a>, conducted by Latino Decisions, asked Latino voters to name the issues they felt were of greatest importance for the next president to address. After listing the coronavirus, the cost of health care and jobs, respondents pointed to issues of immigration reform and protecting immigrants’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More immigration coverage\" postID=\"news_11843880,news_11843511,news_11831289,news_11797878\"]“Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not,” said Lisa García Bedolla, a UC Berkeley political scientist and dean of the university’s graduate division, whose parents were refugees from Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the days before last week’s debate, the president’s controversial family separation policy was again \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">back in the headlines\u003c/a>. A status report to the federal judge overseeing the reunification of thousands of migrant families revealed that the parents of 545 children could not be located, despite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">search teams going door-to-door\u003c/a> through Central American cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, court records show that contact hasn’t even been attempted with the parents of another 526 children separated as early as 2017. On top of that, at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797878/zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\">1,142 more children\u003c/a> were taken from their parents at the border after the judge ordered the practice halted, although, so far, they are not protected by the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla contrasted what she called Trump’s lack of empathy for the children taken from their parents (“They are in facilities that are so clean,” he said during the debate) with Biden’s outrage (“It violates every notion of who we are as a country.”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So immigration becomes a moral question,” she said. “Biden was correct: It’s about who we are … To what extent is immigration a reflection of our core values? And the place where we’ve gotten over the past four years is in violation of those values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s apparent disdain for many immigrants was also in evidence at the debate when he said, falsely, that fewer than 1% of migrants arrested at the border and released with hearing dates actually appear in court, adding that only “those with the lowest IQ, they might come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/562/\">court data shows\u003c/a> that more than 80% of migrant families released from immigration custody attended all their court hearings as of last year — and among those with lawyers, 99% attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many of Trump’s policies have been challenged in court, the relentless pace of immigration restrictions over the past four years — mostly accomplished through executive actions — has transformed immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.promiseskept.com/achievement/overview/immigration/#\">has\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Effectively shut down asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Taken aim at local government “sanctuary” policies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Created bureaucratic hurdles to legal immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Made it harder for foreign students and skilled workers to get visas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Established a financial means test for legal immigrants seeking green cards;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Attempted to end the deportation protections for DACA recipients ;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spent billions of dollars to fortify the fence on the border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Curtailed the independence of immigration judges;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And — until the pandemic — locked up record numbers of people in immigration detention (an average of 55,000 a day in August 2019).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And beginning this spring, the administration used the coronavirus crisis as a rationale to expel asylum seekers and unauthorized migrants at the border without screening them for fears of persecution, as required by law. The executive order, which relies on a 1944 public health statute, has turned away tens of thousands of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is re-elected, some observers believe his immigration adviser Stephen Miller has \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Haleaziz/status/1310983880187412480\">a raft of executive orders\u003c/a> drafted to further restrict immigration, including policies that may have been considered too extreme for a candidate for re-election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/immigration/#\">immigration plan\u003c/a>, by contrast, proposes to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reform temporary work visas to better protect U.S. and foreign workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expand protections for undocumented immigrants who report labor violations;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore DACA protections and propose a permanent path to citizenship for Dreamers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Return to Obama-era enforcement priorities that target serious convicted criminals for deportation;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight and professional standards for immigration detention, and end the use of private prisons;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Invest in immigrant integration efforts, including naturalization and English instruction;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double the number of immigration judges to tackle the 1 million-case backlog in immigration courts;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And address the root causes of migration by fostering economic development and the rule of law in Central American countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some of Biden’s immigration proposals — most notably, creating a path to citizenship for the country’s roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants — will require congressional action, which isn’t likely unless Democrats regain control of the U.S. Senate. Meanwhile, simply undoing Trump’s new rules and executive actions could take years of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Biden is elected, immigration is not the first or only issue that will compete for his attention, notes immigration scholar and UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a practical matter, a Biden presidency would begin with all kinds of demands to do as much as possible, as soon as possible,” Motomura said. “Immigration initiatives will compete with health care and all kinds of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the urgency of the economic crisis, the pandemic and other priorities, Biden’s pledge on the debate stage to introduce a legalization bill in his first 100 days in office took some immigration observers by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrant activists have been lobbying his team for many months, saying that he needed to take a bold position, largely to signal his moving away from Obama-era policies,” which included \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/obama-record-deportations-deporter-chief-or-not\">3 million deportations\u003c/a>, said García Bedolla. “The people I know in the immigrant rights movement weren’t sure that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla noted that President Obama also promised an immigration reform bill in his first 100 days, only to focus his attention on recovery from the Great Recession and health care reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People decided to give him that political wiggle room and, at the end, immigrant rights folks were very disappointed,” she said. “So people’s willingness to get in line [if Biden is elected] is going to be much less. It’s a very different moment. And after four years of really draconian immigration policy, people are very clear, we cannot wait.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Dismantling U.S. immigration policies has been a key focus of the Trump administration over the last four years, but the issue has gotten surprisingly little attention in the runup to the 2020 presidential election.",
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"title": "‘Immigration Is a Gateway Issue’ — and the Contrast Between Trump and Biden Is Stark | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump was asked at last week’s debate about his policy separating thousands of migrant families at the border — and how the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/926031426/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found#:~:text=Live%20Sessions-,Parents%20Of%20545%20Children%20Separated%20At%20U.S.%2DMexico%20Border%20Still,pandemic%2C%20according%20to%20the%20filing.\">more than 500 remaining children\u003c/a> whose parents can’t be located would ever be reunited with them. He didn’t answer the question, then tried to shift attention to an Obama-era border processing center where kids were held in chain-link fenced enclosures, asking repeatedly: “Who built the cages, Joe?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZ9vIzVZjS4\">six minutes of the debate\u003c/a> that NBC moderator Kristen Welker dedicated to immigration that night marked one of the first times the topic has come up in any kind of substantial way during the presidential campaign. That’s striking, since Trump has made restricting immigration a dominant theme of his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for voters in California, where one in four residents was born in another country and immigrants are integral to almost every community and to the state’s economy, U.S. immigration policy —and the president’s stance toward immigrants — deeply matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apjNfkysjbM&feature=youtu.be&t=208\">announced his candidacy\u003c/a> in 2015, saying Mexicans are “bringing drugs, they’re bringing crime, they’re rapists,” he has linked his political fortunes to the idea that immigrants are a threat to the United States and a drain on its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with laser focus, his administration has pushed through more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/us-immigration-system-changes-trump-presidency\">400 executive actions\u003c/a> on immigration, ranging from sweeping policy directives, such as the travel ban aimed at citizens of mostly Muslim countries, to little-noticed rule changes, including one expanding DNA collection from people in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contrast between Trump and Democratic nominee Joe Biden could hardly be starker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former vice president has pledged to reverse Trump’s immigration restrictions and raise the cap on refugee admissions to 125,000 (from Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-donald-trump-politics-united-states-immigration-f76797b97e8a0b66150d0269fe4f432b\">recently announced\u003c/a> 15,000 — a record low). Biden says he will push legislation to create “a roadmap to citizenship” for the country’s nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants. And he talks about establishing a “fair and humane” immigration system, that will “enforce our laws without targeting communities, violating due process or tearing apart families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also pledged on Thursday that, if elected, he would \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PevJComISV0&feature=youtu.be\">set up a task force\u003c/a> focused on reuniting families separated under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a year defined by the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting economic crisis, as well as protests for racial justice and an onslaught of fierce climate change-driven wildfires and hurricanes, immigration has taken a back seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers believe Trump has also downplayed the issue because his policies are not popular. In a commentary published earlier this month in the liberal-leaning \u003ca href=\"https://prospect.org/politics/trump-not-talking-as-much-about-immigrants-this-year/\">American Prospect\u003c/a> magazine, executive editor David Dayen said, “Trump’s full-barreled rhetorical assault on immigrants during the 2018 midterms led to an historic defeat. This year, he’s put that talk aside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent Gallup poll found that more than \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/313106/americans-not-less-immigration-first-time.aspx\">three-fourths of Americans\u003c/a> believe immigration is a good thing for the country. And a UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies Poll from 2019 found that support for immigration is even stronger among Californians, with \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2147v4gd\">82% of the state’s voters\u003c/a> saying immigrants make the U.S. a better place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s overwhelming support for a path for undocumented people to stay in the country, overwhelming support for DACA, overwhelming opposition to building a wall,” said Mark Baldassare, president of the Public Policy Institute of California, who runs a monthly \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/survey/\">statewide public opinion survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attention on immigration in the most recent presidential debate “raised the profile of the issue again and reminded California voters of what the candidates’ positions are, and whose positions are closer to theirs,” Baldassare said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the face of the pandemic, he added, immigration is a low-priority issue for most voters this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for Latino voters, it remains among a handful of top issues. A \u003ca href=\"https://latinodecisions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NALEO-Week-7-Toplines_weekly.pdf\">national poll this month\u003c/a>, conducted by Latino Decisions, asked Latino voters to name the issues they felt were of greatest importance for the next president to address. After listing the coronavirus, the cost of health care and jobs, respondents pointed to issues of immigration reform and protecting immigrants’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Immigration is a gateway issue, a signal to me of whether you think my family and I should be in this country or not, and deserve full rights or not,” said Lisa García Bedolla, a UC Berkeley political scientist and dean of the university’s graduate division, whose parents were refugees from Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the days before last week’s debate, the president’s controversial family separation policy was again \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">back in the headlines\u003c/a>. A status report to the federal judge overseeing the reunification of thousands of migrant families revealed that the parents of 545 children could not be located, despite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">search teams going door-to-door\u003c/a> through Central American cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, court records show that contact hasn’t even been attempted with the parents of another 526 children separated as early as 2017. On top of that, at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797878/zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\">1,142 more children\u003c/a> were taken from their parents at the border after the judge ordered the practice halted, although, so far, they are not protected by the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla contrasted what she called Trump’s lack of empathy for the children taken from their parents (“They are in facilities that are so clean,” he said during the debate) with Biden’s outrage (“It violates every notion of who we are as a country.”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So immigration becomes a moral question,” she said. “Biden was correct: It’s about who we are … To what extent is immigration a reflection of our core values? And the place where we’ve gotten over the past four years is in violation of those values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s apparent disdain for many immigrants was also in evidence at the debate when he said, falsely, that fewer than 1% of migrants arrested at the border and released with hearing dates actually appear in court, adding that only “those with the lowest IQ, they might come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/562/\">court data shows\u003c/a> that more than 80% of migrant families released from immigration custody attended all their court hearings as of last year — and among those with lawyers, 99% attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though many of Trump’s policies have been challenged in court, the relentless pace of immigration restrictions over the past four years — mostly accomplished through executive actions — has transformed immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.promiseskept.com/achievement/overview/immigration/#\">has\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Effectively shut down asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Taken aim at local government “sanctuary” policies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Created bureaucratic hurdles to legal immigration;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Made it harder for foreign students and skilled workers to get visas;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Established a financial means test for legal immigrants seeking green cards;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Attempted to end the deportation protections for DACA recipients ;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spent billions of dollars to fortify the fence on the border;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Curtailed the independence of immigration judges;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And — until the pandemic — locked up record numbers of people in immigration detention (an average of 55,000 a day in August 2019).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And beginning this spring, the administration used the coronavirus crisis as a rationale to expel asylum seekers and unauthorized migrants at the border without screening them for fears of persecution, as required by law. The executive order, which relies on a 1944 public health statute, has turned away tens of thousands of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is re-elected, some observers believe his immigration adviser Stephen Miller has \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Haleaziz/status/1310983880187412480\">a raft of executive orders\u003c/a> drafted to further restrict immigration, including policies that may have been considered too extreme for a candidate for re-election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/immigration/#\">immigration plan\u003c/a>, by contrast, proposes to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reform temporary work visas to better protect U.S. and foreign workers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expand protections for undocumented immigrants who report labor violations;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Restore DACA protections and propose a permanent path to citizenship for Dreamers;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Return to Obama-era enforcement priorities that target serious convicted criminals for deportation;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase oversight and professional standards for immigration detention, and end the use of private prisons;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Invest in immigrant integration efforts, including naturalization and English instruction;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Double the number of immigration judges to tackle the 1 million-case backlog in immigration courts;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And address the root causes of migration by fostering economic development and the rule of law in Central American countries.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Some of Biden’s immigration proposals — most notably, creating a path to citizenship for the country’s roughly 11 million undocumented immigrants — will require congressional action, which isn’t likely unless Democrats regain control of the U.S. Senate. Meanwhile, simply undoing Trump’s new rules and executive actions could take years of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if Biden is elected, immigration is not the first or only issue that will compete for his attention, notes immigration scholar and UCLA law professor Hiroshi Motomura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a practical matter, a Biden presidency would begin with all kinds of demands to do as much as possible, as soon as possible,” Motomura said. “Immigration initiatives will compete with health care and all kinds of other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the urgency of the economic crisis, the pandemic and other priorities, Biden’s pledge on the debate stage to introduce a legalization bill in his first 100 days in office took some immigration observers by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrant activists have been lobbying his team for many months, saying that he needed to take a bold position, largely to signal his moving away from Obama-era policies,” which included \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/obama-record-deportations-deporter-chief-or-not\">3 million deportations\u003c/a>, said García Bedolla. “The people I know in the immigrant rights movement weren’t sure that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García Bedolla noted that President Obama also promised an immigration reform bill in his first 100 days, only to focus his attention on recovery from the Great Recession and health care reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People decided to give him that political wiggle room and, at the end, immigrant rights folks were very disappointed,” she said. “So people’s willingness to get in line [if Biden is elected] is going to be much less. It’s a very different moment. And after four years of really draconian immigration policy, people are very clear, we cannot wait.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "bay-area-courts-challenged-trump-on-immigration-now-the-cases-head-to-supreme-court",
"title": "Bay Area Courts Challenged Trump on Immigration. Now the Cases Head to Supreme Court",
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"headTitle": "Bay Area Courts Challenged Trump on Immigration. Now the Cases Head to Supreme Court | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two controversial Trump administration immigration policies that were ruled illegal by federal courts in the San Francisco Bay Area will be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in coming months, the high court announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One case deals with President Donald Trump’s approach to funding the border wall, The other deals with the policy known as “Remain in Mexico,” aimed at keeping asylum seekers out of the United States while they await hearings in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the wall and the asylum restrictions have been central to the president’s emphasis on halting immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border, and casting immigrants as a threat. The cases also raise the question of how much power the president has to implement his policies without restriction, legal scholars say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the outcome of the Nov. 3 presidential election could affect the future of these border policies more than the Supreme Court. If Democratic nominee and former Vice President Joe Biden wins, he could roll them back, leaving the cases moot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking for Funds for a Border Fence\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump made building “a big, beautiful wall” a central campaign theme in 2016. But Congress granted less than $1.4 billion for border fencing last year, far short of the $5.7 billion the administration sought. So the president announced a state of emergency, alleging that it enabled him to redirect billions of dollars that Congress had appropriated to the Defense Department for other purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dror Ladin, ACLU senior staff attorney']‘Every lower court that has considered the case has found that the President has no authority to waste billions of taxpayer dollars on construction.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club and the Southern Border Communities Coalition \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/sierra-club-v-trump-challenge-trumps-national-emergency-declaration-construct-border-wall\">sued\u003c/a>, saying that the move violated the separation of powers spelled out in the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the sole right to appropriate funds. And a federal judge in Oakland — U.S. District Judge Haywood Gilliam — ruled in June 2019 that the diversion of funds was illegal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed, but the U.S. Supreme Court allowed construction to proceed while the case is being decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every lower court that has considered the case has found that the President has no authority to waste billions of taxpayer dollars on construction,” Dror Ladin, a senior staff attorney at the ACLU and lead counsel in the case, said in a statement. “We look forward to making the same case before the Supreme Court and finally putting a stop to the administration’s unconstitutional power grab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says it has built 341 miles so far, but almost all of that is new fencing to replace sections of the existing fence, which covers close to 700 miles of the 2,000 mile border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Policy to Deter Asylum Seekers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The second case the high court agreed to hear deals with the 2018 Remain in Mexico policy, formally known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>. The protocols aim to prevent migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. The policy allows U.S. border authorities, after an initial asylum screening, to turn back non-Mexican adults to wait for an immigration court hearing on the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is one of several actions by the administration that have transformed the U.S. asylum system and effectively kept out the increased number of people seeking refuge in this country. Since the start of the coronavirus crisis, federal officials have used emergency pandemic restrictions to expel most migrants at the border without even an asylum screening. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 66,000 asylum seekers have fallen under the Remain in Mexico plan since it began in January of last year, including more than \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/628/\">25,000 with cases pending\u003c/a> in immigration courts. Most have had to shelter in Mexican border cities where cartel and gang violence is rampant, and where it has proven \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/568/\">nearly impossible\u003c/a> for migrants to find U.S. lawyers to guide their cases through an unfamiliar immigration court system. Only a tiny fraction of them — 260 people in total — \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\">have won asylum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/innovation-law-lab-v-wolf\">challenged\u003c/a> by 11 asylum seekers and a group of immigrant legal service providers, including several in the Bay Area. Plaintiffs say the protocols do not provide “protection” to migrants, but rather put them in harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands of families remain stranded in increasingly perilous conditions, where many have faced brutal violence and homelessness,” said Blaine Bookey, legal director for the San Francisco-based Center for Gender and Refugee Studies. “We will continue the fight to stop this cruelty once and for all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg in San Francisco ruled that the policy likely violates the Immigration and Nationality Act, and other legal protections against returning immigrants to “unduly dangerous circumstances.” Again, the 9th Circuit agreed. And, again, the Supreme Court intervened to allow the policy to go forward while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Legal and Political Changes Could Affect Cases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Oral arguments in the two cases will be scheduled for February at the earliest, legal analysts say. And by then, the legal and political landscape may have changed significantly. Judge Amy Coney Barrett may have been confirmed to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, likely solidifying a conservative majority on the court. And the presidential election will have been decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a more conservative court won’t necessarily rule in Trump’s favor, especially on the border wall funding case, said Kevin R. Johnson, dean of the UC Davis School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I had to guess, I’d say it’s more likely the [border wall] appropriations case will be upheld,” Johnson said. The court “may have a conservative bent, but they do respect the constitutional separation of powers framework.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if Biden is elected, he could simply end the border wall construction and the “Remain in Mexico” policy, which were executive actions to begin with, and dismiss the government’s appeals to the Supreme Court, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes all the difference who the president is,” he said. “If you wanted these cases to go away\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> you’d vote for a Biden-Harris ticket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two controversial Trump administration immigration policies that were ruled illegal by federal courts in the San Francisco Bay Area will be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in coming months, the high court announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One case deals with President Donald Trump’s approach to funding the border wall, The other deals with the policy known as “Remain in Mexico,” aimed at keeping asylum seekers out of the United States while they await hearings in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the wall and the asylum restrictions have been central to the president’s emphasis on halting immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border, and casting immigrants as a threat. The cases also raise the question of how much power the president has to implement his policies without restriction, legal scholars say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the outcome of the Nov. 3 presidential election could affect the future of these border policies more than the Supreme Court. If Democratic nominee and former Vice President Joe Biden wins, he could roll them back, leaving the cases moot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking for Funds for a Border Fence\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump made building “a big, beautiful wall” a central campaign theme in 2016. But Congress granted less than $1.4 billion for border fencing last year, far short of the $5.7 billion the administration sought. So the president announced a state of emergency, alleging that it enabled him to redirect billions of dollars that Congress had appropriated to the Defense Department for other purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club and the Southern Border Communities Coalition \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/sierra-club-v-trump-challenge-trumps-national-emergency-declaration-construct-border-wall\">sued\u003c/a>, saying that the move violated the separation of powers spelled out in the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the sole right to appropriate funds. And a federal judge in Oakland — U.S. District Judge Haywood Gilliam — ruled in June 2019 that the diversion of funds was illegal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed, but the U.S. Supreme Court allowed construction to proceed while the case is being decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every lower court that has considered the case has found that the President has no authority to waste billions of taxpayer dollars on construction,” Dror Ladin, a senior staff attorney at the ACLU and lead counsel in the case, said in a statement. “We look forward to making the same case before the Supreme Court and finally putting a stop to the administration’s unconstitutional power grab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says it has built 341 miles so far, but almost all of that is new fencing to replace sections of the existing fence, which covers close to 700 miles of the 2,000 mile border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Policy to Deter Asylum Seekers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The second case the high court agreed to hear deals with the 2018 Remain in Mexico policy, formally known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>. The protocols aim to prevent migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. The policy allows U.S. border authorities, after an initial asylum screening, to turn back non-Mexican adults to wait for an immigration court hearing on the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is one of several actions by the administration that have transformed the U.S. asylum system and effectively kept out the increased number of people seeking refuge in this country. Since the start of the coronavirus crisis, federal officials have used emergency pandemic restrictions to expel most migrants at the border without even an asylum screening. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 66,000 asylum seekers have fallen under the Remain in Mexico plan since it began in January of last year, including more than \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/628/\">25,000 with cases pending\u003c/a> in immigration courts. Most have had to shelter in Mexican border cities where cartel and gang violence is rampant, and where it has proven \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/568/\">nearly impossible\u003c/a> for migrants to find U.S. lawyers to guide their cases through an unfamiliar immigration court system. Only a tiny fraction of them — 260 people in total — \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\">have won asylum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program was \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/innovation-law-lab-v-wolf\">challenged\u003c/a> by 11 asylum seekers and a group of immigrant legal service providers, including several in the Bay Area. Plaintiffs say the protocols do not provide “protection” to migrants, but rather put them in harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands of families remain stranded in increasingly perilous conditions, where many have faced brutal violence and homelessness,” said Blaine Bookey, legal director for the San Francisco-based Center for Gender and Refugee Studies. “We will continue the fight to stop this cruelty once and for all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg in San Francisco ruled that the policy likely violates the Immigration and Nationality Act, and other legal protections against returning immigrants to “unduly dangerous circumstances.” Again, the 9th Circuit agreed. And, again, the Supreme Court intervened to allow the policy to go forward while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Legal and Political Changes Could Affect Cases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Oral arguments in the two cases will be scheduled for February at the earliest, legal analysts say. And by then, the legal and political landscape may have changed significantly. Judge Amy Coney Barrett may have been confirmed to fill the vacancy left by the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, likely solidifying a conservative majority on the court. And the presidential election will have been decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a more conservative court won’t necessarily rule in Trump’s favor, especially on the border wall funding case, said Kevin R. Johnson, dean of the UC Davis School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I had to guess, I’d say it’s more likely the [border wall] appropriations case will be upheld,” Johnson said. The court “may have a conservative bent, but they do respect the constitutional separation of powers framework.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if Biden is elected, he could simply end the border wall construction and the “Remain in Mexico” policy, which were executive actions to begin with, and dismiss the government’s appeals to the Supreme Court, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes all the difference who the president is,” he said. “If you wanted these cases to go away\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> you’d vote for a Biden-Harris ticket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "A 'Wealth Test for Citizenship': California Advocates Slam Trump Plan to Hike Fees",
"title": "A 'Wealth Test for Citizenship': California Advocates Slam Trump Plan to Hike Fees",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration advocates in California decried the Trump administration’s decision to sharply increase the cost of U.S. citizenship, work permits and other immigration benefits at a time when non-citizens face particularly devastating job losses because of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), the agency that oversees lawful immigration to this country, plans to eliminate most of the fee waivers that have helped millions of low-income immigrants afford these petitions in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes, set to go into effect on Oct. 2, will nearly double the naturalization fee to up to $1,170, and start charging asylum seekers $550 to request an initial work permit, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/08/03/2020-16389/us-citizenship-and-immigration-services-fee-schedule-and-changes-to-certain-other-immigration#footnote-11-p46792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule published Monday\u003c/a> after an eight-month review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Melissa Rodgers, New Americans Campaign\"]'We have the Trump administration creating the United States’ first-ever wealth test for citizenship.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a terrible, terrible rule,” said Melissa Rodgers, who directs the New Americans Campaign, a nationwide network of organizations helping immigrants apply for naturalization. “We have the Trump administration creating the United States’ first-ever wealth test for citizenship, and that in a year when more than 50 million residents have filed for unemployment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rule, applicants for lawful permanent residency – also known as a green card – will be charged an additional $550 for work authorization, raising the total cost of the application to at least $1,680.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time ever, asylum seekers will be charged $50 to apply for the protections. Only \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/31/politics/uscis-new-fees/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three other countries\u003c/a> – Australia, Fiji and Iran – charge fees for asylum seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fee increases come at a time when USCIS is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11830463/federal-citizenship-agency-delays-furloughs-for-two-thirds-of-its-staff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatening to furlough\u003c/a> more than two-thirds of its staff later this month, unless Congress provides it with a $1.2 billion bailout to sustain operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other federal agencies, USCIS depends on application fees to fund the vast majority of its operations. In its new rule, the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees USCIS, said getting rid of fee exemptions and raising charges will help the agency recuperate the full costs of adjudicating petitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11830463 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44036_GettyImages-1257627413-qut-1020x680.jpg']After DHS proposed most of the changes back in November, many raised concerns eligible immigrants would be discouraged or priced out from U.S. citizenship and other petitions. But DHS largely dismissed those public comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“DHS believes that immigration to the United States remains attractive to millions of individuals around the world and that its benefits continue to outweigh the costs noted by the commenters,” according to the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, more than \u003ca href=\"https://dornsife.usc.edu/csii/eligible-to-naturalize-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.2 million immigrants\u003c/a> are eligible to become U.S. citizens, the most of any state nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current cost of applying, $725, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660853/immigrants-seek-stability-of-u-s-citizenship-but-cost-is-often-a-barrier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is a barrier\u003c/a> to many low-income immigrants who are eligible to naturalize as American citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS may waive the fees associated with processing an application if the individual proves they are unable to pay. Between 2013 and 2016, the agency approved 2 million requests for fee waivers, foregoing more than $1 billion in revenue, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/USCIS%20-%20Fee%20Waiver%20Policies%20and%20Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rule, only victims of domestic violence or severe human trafficking crimes and other vulnerable populations who are very low income will be eligible for fee waivers. Green card, naturalization and other applicants will no longer have the option of fee exemptions regardless of their income level, while facing dramatically higher charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increases are sending a really loud message that there is a paywall to receive immigration benefits,” said Elena Fairley, programs director at Mission Asset Fund, a nonprofit in San Francisco that provided 0% interest loans to hundreds of people to apply for U.S. citizenship last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that combined with other policies from the current administration, is making it exceedingly difficult for people to become citizens in this country and participate fully,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairley said her organization expects more immigrants will need financial help to afford application fees, but she anticipates raising funds to cover those loans will become more difficult because of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants have faced deeper job cuts than U.S.-born workers during the COVID-19 recession: a 19% drop in employment compared to 12%, according to the Pew Research Center. In California, UC Merced researchers estimate 688,000 non-citizens lost jobs during the first weeks of the pandemic, with the highest impact among immigrant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration advocates in California decried the Trump administration’s decision to sharply increase the cost of U.S. citizenship, work permits and other immigration benefits at a time when non-citizens face particularly devastating job losses because of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), the agency that oversees lawful immigration to this country, plans to eliminate most of the fee waivers that have helped millions of low-income immigrants afford these petitions in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes, set to go into effect on Oct. 2, will nearly double the naturalization fee to up to $1,170, and start charging asylum seekers $550 to request an initial work permit, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/08/03/2020-16389/us-citizenship-and-immigration-services-fee-schedule-and-changes-to-certain-other-immigration#footnote-11-p46792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule published Monday\u003c/a> after an eight-month review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a terrible, terrible rule,” said Melissa Rodgers, who directs the New Americans Campaign, a nationwide network of organizations helping immigrants apply for naturalization. “We have the Trump administration creating the United States’ first-ever wealth test for citizenship, and that in a year when more than 50 million residents have filed for unemployment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rule, applicants for lawful permanent residency – also known as a green card – will be charged an additional $550 for work authorization, raising the total cost of the application to at least $1,680.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time ever, asylum seekers will be charged $50 to apply for the protections. Only \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/31/politics/uscis-new-fees/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three other countries\u003c/a> – Australia, Fiji and Iran – charge fees for asylum seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fee increases come at a time when USCIS is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11830463/federal-citizenship-agency-delays-furloughs-for-two-thirds-of-its-staff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatening to furlough\u003c/a> more than two-thirds of its staff later this month, unless Congress provides it with a $1.2 billion bailout to sustain operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other federal agencies, USCIS depends on application fees to fund the vast majority of its operations. In its new rule, the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees USCIS, said getting rid of fee exemptions and raising charges will help the agency recuperate the full costs of adjudicating petitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After DHS proposed most of the changes back in November, many raised concerns eligible immigrants would be discouraged or priced out from U.S. citizenship and other petitions. But DHS largely dismissed those public comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“DHS believes that immigration to the United States remains attractive to millions of individuals around the world and that its benefits continue to outweigh the costs noted by the commenters,” according to the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, more than \u003ca href=\"https://dornsife.usc.edu/csii/eligible-to-naturalize-map/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.2 million immigrants\u003c/a> are eligible to become U.S. citizens, the most of any state nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current cost of applying, $725, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660853/immigrants-seek-stability-of-u-s-citizenship-but-cost-is-often-a-barrier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is a barrier\u003c/a> to many low-income immigrants who are eligible to naturalize as American citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS may waive the fees associated with processing an application if the individual proves they are unable to pay. Between 2013 and 2016, the agency approved 2 million requests for fee waivers, foregoing more than $1 billion in revenue, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/USCIS%20-%20Fee%20Waiver%20Policies%20and%20Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rule, only victims of domestic violence or severe human trafficking crimes and other vulnerable populations who are very low income will be eligible for fee waivers. Green card, naturalization and other applicants will no longer have the option of fee exemptions regardless of their income level, while facing dramatically higher charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increases are sending a really loud message that there is a paywall to receive immigration benefits,” said Elena Fairley, programs director at Mission Asset Fund, a nonprofit in San Francisco that provided 0% interest loans to hundreds of people to apply for U.S. citizenship last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that combined with other policies from the current administration, is making it exceedingly difficult for people to become citizens in this country and participate fully,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairley said her organization expects more immigrants will need financial help to afford application fees, but she anticipates raising funds to cover those loans will become more difficult because of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants have faced deeper job cuts than U.S.-born workers during the COVID-19 recession: a 19% drop in employment compared to 12%, according to the Pew Research Center. In California, UC Merced researchers estimate 688,000 non-citizens lost jobs during the first weeks of the pandemic, with the highest impact among immigrant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Refugee advocates with a San Francisco legal institute are celebrating this week after a Canadian court struck down a binational agreement that lets Canada send asylum-seekers back to the U.S., saying conditions in U.S. immigration detention are inhumane and violate peoples’ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2004, under a so-called Safe Third Country Agreement, Canadian immigration officials have turned back people asking for asylum at official ports of entry on the U.S.-Canada border, and the United States has done the same. Both countries have deemed one another to be safe places for migrants from other parts of the world to seek protections guaranteed under \u003ca href=\"https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/1951-refugee-convention.html\">international refugee conventions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Federal Court of Canada \u003ca href=\"https://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fc-cf/decisions/en/item/482757/index.do?fbclid=IwAR1Vo3s0VFNO8VTespZ5Mvij3r6m5ohpSslM2TV55qJE09vT1U2f2OB4CVc\">ruled\u003c/a> Wednesday that the U.S. is not a safe place for people seeking refuge from persecution — because immigration authorities in the U.S. lock up asylum-seekers, sometimes without heat, food or medical care, and with very little access to legal help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The evidence is clear that the most significant harm suffered is imprisonment. Additionally, there are the related harms regarding the conditions of detention and the heightened risk of refoulement,” wrote Justice Ann Marie McDonald, referring to the forcible — and unlawful — return of an asylum-seeker to their home country in spite of the likelihood that they’ll suffer persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several asylum-seekers, originally from El Salvador, Ethiopia and Syria, brought the case in 2017, along with the Canadian Council for Refugees, Amnesty International and the Canadian Council of Churches. They testified about conditions in U.S. immigration custody that included being held in solitary confinement, being denied blankets in frigid cells, being left without food or the opportunity to bathe, and having medical needs ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. immigration lawyers also told the Canadian court about the obstacles detainees face to building their asylum cases, including barriers to telephone and email access, a lack of access to lawyers and translators, and the impossibility of assembling necessary documents while incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald found that these conditions — suffered by asylum-seekers turned back to the United States — violated the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, a part of Canada’s constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The actions of Canadian officials in returning ineligible [Safe Third Country Agreement] claimants to U.S. officials facilitates a process that results in detention,” she wrote. “The accounts of the detainees demonstrate both physical and psychological suffering because of detention, and a real risk that they will not be able to assert asylum claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald added that penalizing people for “the simple act of making a refugee claim” violates the spirit and intention of refugee conventions and the U.S.-Canada agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Musalo, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://cgrs.uchastings.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Gender and Refugee Studies\u003c/a> at UC Hastings College of the Law, testified in the case. She said the ruling should be a “wake-up call for all Americans” about conditions in the U.S. asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Justice McDonald’s decision lays bare the grave risks that asylum-seekers face under the agreement, which have been compounded by the alarming spread of COVID-19 in U.S. immigration detention centers,” Musalo said. “Returns to these conditions must not continue even one day more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which operates immigration detention facilities, did not respond to a request for comment by press time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canadian court suspended judgement for six months to give the Canadian Parliament time to respond.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. immigration lawyers also told the Canadian court about the obstacles detainees face to building their asylum cases, including barriers to telephone and email access, a lack of access to lawyers and translators, and the impossibility of assembling necessary documents while incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald found that these conditions — suffered by asylum-seekers turned back to the United States — violated the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, a part of Canada’s constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The actions of Canadian officials in returning ineligible [Safe Third Country Agreement] claimants to U.S. officials facilitates a process that results in detention,” she wrote. “The accounts of the detainees demonstrate both physical and psychological suffering because of detention, and a real risk that they will not be able to assert asylum claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald added that penalizing people for “the simple act of making a refugee claim” violates the spirit and intention of refugee conventions and the U.S.-Canada agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Musalo, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://cgrs.uchastings.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Gender and Refugee Studies\u003c/a> at UC Hastings College of the Law, testified in the case. She said the ruling should be a “wake-up call for all Americans” about conditions in the U.S. asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Justice McDonald’s decision lays bare the grave risks that asylum-seekers face under the agreement, which have been compounded by the alarming spread of COVID-19 in U.S. immigration detention centers,” Musalo said. “Returns to these conditions must not continue even one day more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which operates immigration detention facilities, did not respond to a request for comment by press time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canadian court suspended judgement for six months to give the Canadian Parliament time to respond.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court on Monday blocked a key U.S. policy to deny asylum to anyone who passes through another country without first seeking protection there, dealing it a second blow in less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruling has no immediate impact because a judge appointed by President Donald Trump in Washington last week knocked down the policy on procedural grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-judge appeals panel in San Francisco found procedural errors, as well as substantive reasons to block the policy while litigation continues. The panel said it does \"virtually nothing\" to prevent asylum-seekers from being sent to unsafe countries, a violation of international treaty obligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact is also lessened by a pandemic-related measure imposed in March to quickly expel asylum-seekers. In May, the administration extended it indefinitely, relying on a little-known public health law to prevent the spread of disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice and Homeland Security departments didn't immediately respond to requests for comment late Monday. In response to last week's decision, Homeland Security said it strongly disagreed and was considering options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is unlikely to hear arguments before January if it takes the case. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, Center for Constitutional Rights and Southern Poverty Law Center on behalf of immigrant advocacy and service groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court recognized the grave danger facing asylum seekers and blocked the Trump administration's attempt to make an end-run around asylum protections enacted by Congress,\" said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge William Fletcher, an appointee of President Bill Clinton, wrote the opinion. He was joined by Judge Richard Clifton, an appointee of George W. Bush, and Eric Miller, a Trump appointee who said the ruling should be much narrower in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, Center for Constitutional Rights and Southern Poverty Law Center on behalf of immigrant advocacy and service groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court recognized the grave danger facing asylum seekers and blocked the Trump administration's attempt to make an end-run around asylum protections enacted by Congress,\" said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge William Fletcher, an appointee of President Bill Clinton, wrote the opinion. He was joined by Judge Richard Clifton, an appointee of George W. Bush, and Eric Miller, a Trump appointee who said the ruling should be much narrower in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Appeals Court in SF Temporarily Halts Trump’s ‘Remain in Mexico’ Policy",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court on Friday temporarily halted a Trump administration policy to make asylum-seekers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758516/fear-confusion-and-separation-as-trump-administration-sends-migrants-back-to-mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wait in Mexico\u003c/a> while their cases wind through U.S. immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same court decided to keep another major change on hold, one that denies asylum to anyone who enters the U.S. illegally from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ruled on the two policies that are central to President Trump’s asylum crackdown, dealing the administration a major setback, even if it proves temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question before the judges was whether to let the policies take effect during legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has made asylum an increasingly remote possibility at a time when claims have soared. By 2017, the United States had become the world’s top destination for people seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Remain in Mexico” measure took effect in January 2019 and nearly 60,000 people have been sent back to wait for hearings. The court \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796825/one-year-into-trump-remain-in-mexico-policy-congress-increases-scrutiny\">declared the policy invalid\u003c/a>, but acknowledged the ruling only applied to California and Arizona, the only border states in their jurisdiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other measure with far-reaching consequences denies asylum to anyone who passes through another country on the way to the U.S. border with Mexico without seeking protection there first. That policy took effect in September and is being challenged in a separate lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Department lawyers asserted that Trump was within his rights to impose the policies without Congress’ approval and that they would help deter asylum claims that lack merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents, including the American Civil Liberties Union, argued that the administration violated U.S. law and obligations to international treaties by turning back people who will likely be persecuted because of their race, religion, nationality or political beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges William Fletcher and Richard Paez, who were both appointed by President Bill Clinton, sharply questioned government attorneys on “Remain in Mexico” during arguments Oct. 1. They voted to block it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Ferdinand Fernandez, an appointee of President Ronald Reagan, dissented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the \"Remain in Mexico\" policy note it has prevented asylum-seekers from being released in the United States with notices to appear in court, which they consider a major incentive for people to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its expansion coincided with a sharp drop in Border Patrol arrests from a 13-year high in May, suggesting it may have had its intended effect. The Homeland Security Department called it “an indispensable tool” in an Oct. 28 report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say it has exposed asylum-seekers to extreme danger in violent Mexican border cities while they wait for U.S. court hearings. \u003ca href=\"https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/\">Human Rights First\u003c/a>, an advocacy group that has criticized the policy, said in January that there were more than 800 public reports of rape, kidnapping, torture and other violent crimes against asylum-seekers who have been sent back to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy was introduced at the border crossing in San Diego in January and initially focused on asylum-seekers from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It expanded to crossings in Calexico, California, and the Texas cities of El Paso, Eagle Pass, Laredo, Brownsville, and included more people from Spanish-speaking countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"remain-in-mexico\" label=\"Trump's Remain in Mexico policy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration on Nov. 22 began busing asylum-seekers who crossed the border in Arizona from Tucson to El Paso, Texas, to be returned from Mexico from there, extending the policy across every major corridor for illegal border crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Laredo and Brownsville, asylum-seekers appear for hearings in tents on U.S. Customs and Border Protection property, connected by video to judges in other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicans are exempt, as are unaccompanied children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asylum ban on anyone who crosses the border illegally from Mexico also drew pointed questions from the judges during arguments. They asked whether the policy violated U.S. law that says it doesn't matter how people enter the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court declined to lift a ruling blocking the ban following an extraordinary spat last year between Trump and Chief Justice John Roberts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president denounced the judge who ruled against the ban as an \"Obama judge.\" Roberts said there was no such thing in a strongly worded statement defending judicial independence. Trump stood behind his comments.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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