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"title": "NPR Exclusive: Video Shows Controversial Use of Force Inside Adelanto ICE Detention Center",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the early morning of June 12, 2017, a group of eight Central American migrants decided to go on a hunger strike to protest conditions at the immigration detention center where they were being held in Adelanto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detainees arrive at the facility, they’re given a handbook that states \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explicitly\u003c/a>, “Detention is NOT prison.” Immigration detention is where the government holds people while deciding whether to deport them, and most detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. But this group said the conditions felt like those of a penitentiary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=802939294&mediaId=803118930\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jwp.io/s/nOiY1Pd6\">\u003cem>Don’t see this video? Click here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among their \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p128/a545987\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guards were discriminating against them, they lacked access to clean water, the bonds for their immigration cases were too expensive and they were receiving information only in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detention officers ordered them to return to their beds for a routine population “count,” the eight men refused to move from tables in the facility’s day room until they could speak to a supervisor or an official with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveillance footage obtained by NPR shows what happened next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers spent several minutes speaking to the detainees, telling them to return to their bunks. They waived a canister of pepper spray in front of them, then attempted to physically move the detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo, one of the detainees who sued two detention officers at the Adelanto facility\"]‘I couldn’t take it. I was even throwing up from the pepper gas.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video shows the detainees trying to remain seated with their arms linked. But detention officers would later claim they were inciting a “rebellion” and “assaulting” staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers then sprayed pepper spray at the men at least three times and forcibly removed them from the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they visibly recoiled from the spray, some of the detainees were pushed into walls, pulled to the ground or dragged on the floor by guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, though not seen on camera, five of the detainees were placed in hot showers. Hot water, however, can worsen the painful burning effect from pepper spray, something an internal oversight office at the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a541908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">noted\u003c/a> in a review of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it,” Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo, one of the detainees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p208/a547304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later testified\u003c/a> in a deposition. “I was even throwing up from the pepper gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All eight detainees were then sent to “segregation” — ICE’s term for solitary confinement — for 10 days for “engaging in or inciting a group demonstration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR obtained footage of the incident from a federal courthouse in Riverside where the men sued the two detention officers who used pepper spray, as well as the for-profit company that runs the facility, Florida-based GEO Group. Their lawsuit contended that the guards used excessive force and violated their civil rights and that GEO was negligent in its training. In late January, the two sides \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028.205.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notified\u003c/a> the court that they had agreed to settle the case “for a confidential amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the settlement ends 20 months of legal proceedings that — through the release of documents, depositions and video from ICE’s processing center in Adelanto — have opened a window into a facility that has come under intense scrutiny from federal inspectors and immigration advocates alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/794660949/despite-findings-of-negligent-care-ice-to-expand-troubled-calif-detention-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a> in January, a previously confidential government inspection found that the facility was failing to meet many of the government’s own standards for solitary confinement, mental health treatment and medical care. The report also found that staff at Adelanto had \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p10/a541902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">retaliated\u003c/a> against detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorneys and advocates say the conditions at Adelanto are emblematic of problems throughout an immigration detention system that has come to increasingly rely on firms like GEO to help enforce the Trump administration’s hard-line immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The acting director of ICE, Matthew Albence, \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20190726_100000_FOX__Friends/start/3960/end/4020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> in 2019 that the Adelanto facility is “representative of all our detention centers.” But he disagreed with the criticisms of immigration detention facilities, saying, “They’re safe. They’re humane. They’re secure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 40,000 people\u003c/a> are in immigration detention nationwide. Adelanto can house roughly 2,000 detainees and is set to expand under a new contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Rebellion’ or Protest? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In their depositions, guards at Adelanto described a hostile situation that threatened to spin out of control because of the detainees’ refusal to return to their bunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like — like a rebellion,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584014-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-2.html#document/p124/a3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Sgt. Giovanni Campos, one of the defendants. Commotion from the hunger strikers, he said, was leading other detainees to yell and cause a bigger disturbance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"a spokesperson for GEO Group, which runs the for-profit detention center in Adelanto\"]‘Independent reviews of the incident conducted and commissioned by the federal government found that our employees acted in accordance with established protocols and procedures.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Jane Diaz, another defendant, also referred to the incident as a “rebellion” and said her fellow officers were elbowed by the detainees as the guards tried to move them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were assaulting our staff,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p54/a546142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that environment, the guards said, their use of pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they refuse to go to count, if they refuse verbal commands, and they’re disrupting our dorm. … This is why they got sprayed,” Diaz \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p38/a546084\">said\u003c/a> during a May 2019 deposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, a GEO spokesperson wrote, “GEO strongly rejects the allegations outlined in the lawsuit, which is part of a coordinated effort to undermine immigration policies that our company plays no role in setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for GEO have also argued that the use of hot water to remove the pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water, which is the method used at the Facility for decontamination purposes, does reactivate the tingling sensation caused by the OC spray,” they argued in one \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584121-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111.html#document/p17/a549014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal filing\u003c/a>, “however, it is necessary to remove the spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO spokesperson also stated, “Independent reviews of the incident conducted and commissioned by the federal government found that our employees acted in accordance with established protocols and procedures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for ICE declined to comment, but an inspector from the Department of Homeland Security who reviewed the incident \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a545922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">concluded \u003c/a>that the use of pepper spray “was appropriate given the circumstances.” However, the inspector faulted Adelanto for failing to provide cold water when it came time to clean the spray off the detainees, writing that “warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘We Wanted to be Heard’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the detainees say that facility staff caused the disturbance by escalating the situation and using more force than necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our clients fled violence and persecution in their home countries, believing they would find safety and security in the United States,” said attorney Rachel Steinback in a statement. “Instead, they were subjected to inhumane treatment at Adelanto — and were violently punished for daring to complain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees’ attorneys cited GEO’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p11/a546074\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use-of-force policy\u003c/a>, which considers pepper spray a “major use of force.” According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p20/a546076\">policy\u003c/a>, officers can only use “major” force when, “Imminent and immediate danger to employees, inmates, or other persons exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees said they were clear with GEO staff that they were starting a “peaceful” hunger strike to get facility supervisors to discuss their complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to speak and we wanted to be heard,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p287/a546159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> one of the strikers, Julio Cesar Barahona Cornejo. “At no time did I raise my hands to try to hit them or anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions, they said, were met with hostility, then physical force, then pepper spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6679945-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-95-Second-Amended.html#document/p6/a546697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, one of the detainees broke his nose and had his tooth knocked out after he was pushed into a wall. GEO’s attorneys say it is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745532-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-132-3.html#document/p39/a547774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uncertain\u003c/a>” whether the detainee’s nose was broken during the incident, because he didn’t report it to a doctor that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they did to us, you don’t even do that to an animal,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584016-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-4.html#document/p9/a546169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> another detainee, Josue Vladimir Cortez Diaz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records in the case also raise questions about Lt. Jane Diaz’s record at the facility, including an investigation into a separate pepper spray incident from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6671213-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-151-1.html#document/p2/a546331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declaration\u003c/a> filed by Diaz’s own legal defense mentions “an April 2019 complaint/investigation related to Diaz’s attempt to use chemical agents on a detainee in violation of GEO policy.” According to the legal filing, “GEO personnel found that Diaz obstructed the investigation by not providing complete information to the investigator.” The incident “ultimately led to her termination from GEO,” according to the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Coleman, an attorney representing Diaz, Campos and GEO, stated in an email to NPR, “We can’t comment on personnel actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Treatment at Adelanto \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Advocates for immigrants say the allegations from the 2017 incident fit a broader pattern of detainee mistreatment at Adelanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Freedom of Information Act, NPR has obtained and examined hundreds of grievances filed by detainees at the facility. Several of those complaints allege threats, mistreatment and verbal abuse by Adelanto staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"adelanto\" label=\"More on Adelanto\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2018, a female detention officer said, “I won’t hesitate to drop all this [sic] dumb bitches off their bunks,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745408-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0061E.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">detainee’s complaint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How am I safe if she comes angry again?” the detainee wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another detainee \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745406-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0030W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complained\u003c/a> that when his family was visiting, a detention officer “mocked me and my family’s English.” When the detainee’s wife spoke to the officer about the comment, the detention officer responded, “Welcome to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a series of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745407-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0049W-18-0053W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a> refer to a guard “harassing” people and saying, “I don’t like Mexicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each of these three cases, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745459-Pages-From-Adelanto-Grievance-Log.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the records\u003c/a>, GEO found that the complaints were substantiated. But there is no additional information about how the company or ICE addressed these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, GEO said, “Our company took corrective action, including disciplinary action against employees, where appropriate,” but it did not provide specifics on these cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“They Treated Me Worse Than Trash”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Steinback, from the detainees’ legal team, said she hopes the settlement in this case “emboldens others who are being abused and mistreated to come forward and to expose the horrors that are happening in these private immigration detention centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo\"]‘Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the outcome, the immigration status for several of the detainees remains in flux. One of them has obtained asylum in the U.S., two had their asylum requests rejected and the five others are still awaiting final decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo did not receive asylum. He ended up in Tijuana, Mexico, after the incident, where he found work at a hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his deposition, Lopez Castillo said he had sought asylum in the U.S. to escape violence from gangs and police in El Salvador. But after his experience in immigration detention, he said he changed his mind about America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p277/a546158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Lopez Castillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They treated me worse than trash when all I was trying to do was start a life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Pe-rFNoF74s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>You can see the full video of the incident here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Exclusive%3A+Video+Shows+Controversial+Use+Of+Force+Inside+An+ICE+Detention+Center+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the early morning of June 12, 2017, a group of eight Central American migrants decided to go on a hunger strike to protest conditions at the immigration detention center where they were being held in Adelanto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detainees arrive at the facility, they’re given a handbook that states \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explicitly\u003c/a>, “Detention is NOT prison.” Immigration detention is where the government holds people while deciding whether to deport them, and most detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. But this group said the conditions felt like those of a penitentiary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=802939294&mediaId=803118930\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jwp.io/s/nOiY1Pd6\">\u003cem>Don’t see this video? Click here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among their \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p128/a545987\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guards were discriminating against them, they lacked access to clean water, the bonds for their immigration cases were too expensive and they were receiving information only in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detention officers ordered them to return to their beds for a routine population “count,” the eight men refused to move from tables in the facility’s day room until they could speak to a supervisor or an official with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveillance footage obtained by NPR shows what happened next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers spent several minutes speaking to the detainees, telling them to return to their bunks. They waived a canister of pepper spray in front of them, then attempted to physically move the detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video shows the detainees trying to remain seated with their arms linked. But detention officers would later claim they were inciting a “rebellion” and “assaulting” staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers then sprayed pepper spray at the men at least three times and forcibly removed them from the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they visibly recoiled from the spray, some of the detainees were pushed into walls, pulled to the ground or dragged on the floor by guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, though not seen on camera, five of the detainees were placed in hot showers. Hot water, however, can worsen the painful burning effect from pepper spray, something an internal oversight office at the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a541908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">noted\u003c/a> in a review of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it,” Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo, one of the detainees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p208/a547304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later testified\u003c/a> in a deposition. “I was even throwing up from the pepper gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All eight detainees were then sent to “segregation” — ICE’s term for solitary confinement — for 10 days for “engaging in or inciting a group demonstration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR obtained footage of the incident from a federal courthouse in Riverside where the men sued the two detention officers who used pepper spray, as well as the for-profit company that runs the facility, Florida-based GEO Group. Their lawsuit contended that the guards used excessive force and violated their civil rights and that GEO was negligent in its training. In late January, the two sides \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028.205.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notified\u003c/a> the court that they had agreed to settle the case “for a confidential amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the settlement ends 20 months of legal proceedings that — through the release of documents, depositions and video from ICE’s processing center in Adelanto — have opened a window into a facility that has come under intense scrutiny from federal inspectors and immigration advocates alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/794660949/despite-findings-of-negligent-care-ice-to-expand-troubled-calif-detention-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a> in January, a previously confidential government inspection found that the facility was failing to meet many of the government’s own standards for solitary confinement, mental health treatment and medical care. The report also found that staff at Adelanto had \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p10/a541902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">retaliated\u003c/a> against detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorneys and advocates say the conditions at Adelanto are emblematic of problems throughout an immigration detention system that has come to increasingly rely on firms like GEO to help enforce the Trump administration’s hard-line immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The acting director of ICE, Matthew Albence, \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20190726_100000_FOX__Friends/start/3960/end/4020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> in 2019 that the Adelanto facility is “representative of all our detention centers.” But he disagreed with the criticisms of immigration detention facilities, saying, “They’re safe. They’re humane. They’re secure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 40,000 people\u003c/a> are in immigration detention nationwide. Adelanto can house roughly 2,000 detainees and is set to expand under a new contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Rebellion’ or Protest? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In their depositions, guards at Adelanto described a hostile situation that threatened to spin out of control because of the detainees’ refusal to return to their bunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like — like a rebellion,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584014-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-2.html#document/p124/a3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Sgt. Giovanni Campos, one of the defendants. Commotion from the hunger strikers, he said, was leading other detainees to yell and cause a bigger disturbance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Jane Diaz, another defendant, also referred to the incident as a “rebellion” and said her fellow officers were elbowed by the detainees as the guards tried to move them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were assaulting our staff,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p54/a546142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that environment, the guards said, their use of pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they refuse to go to count, if they refuse verbal commands, and they’re disrupting our dorm. … This is why they got sprayed,” Diaz \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p38/a546084\">said\u003c/a> during a May 2019 deposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, a GEO spokesperson wrote, “GEO strongly rejects the allegations outlined in the lawsuit, which is part of a coordinated effort to undermine immigration policies that our company plays no role in setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for GEO have also argued that the use of hot water to remove the pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water, which is the method used at the Facility for decontamination purposes, does reactivate the tingling sensation caused by the OC spray,” they argued in one \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584121-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111.html#document/p17/a549014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal filing\u003c/a>, “however, it is necessary to remove the spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO spokesperson also stated, “Independent reviews of the incident conducted and commissioned by the federal government found that our employees acted in accordance with established protocols and procedures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for ICE declined to comment, but an inspector from the Department of Homeland Security who reviewed the incident \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a545922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">concluded \u003c/a>that the use of pepper spray “was appropriate given the circumstances.” However, the inspector faulted Adelanto for failing to provide cold water when it came time to clean the spray off the detainees, writing that “warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘We Wanted to be Heard’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the detainees say that facility staff caused the disturbance by escalating the situation and using more force than necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our clients fled violence and persecution in their home countries, believing they would find safety and security in the United States,” said attorney Rachel Steinback in a statement. “Instead, they were subjected to inhumane treatment at Adelanto — and were violently punished for daring to complain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees’ attorneys cited GEO’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p11/a546074\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use-of-force policy\u003c/a>, which considers pepper spray a “major use of force.” According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p20/a546076\">policy\u003c/a>, officers can only use “major” force when, “Imminent and immediate danger to employees, inmates, or other persons exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees said they were clear with GEO staff that they were starting a “peaceful” hunger strike to get facility supervisors to discuss their complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to speak and we wanted to be heard,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p287/a546159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> one of the strikers, Julio Cesar Barahona Cornejo. “At no time did I raise my hands to try to hit them or anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions, they said, were met with hostility, then physical force, then pepper spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6679945-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-95-Second-Amended.html#document/p6/a546697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, one of the detainees broke his nose and had his tooth knocked out after he was pushed into a wall. GEO’s attorneys say it is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745532-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-132-3.html#document/p39/a547774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uncertain\u003c/a>” whether the detainee’s nose was broken during the incident, because he didn’t report it to a doctor that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they did to us, you don’t even do that to an animal,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584016-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-4.html#document/p9/a546169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> another detainee, Josue Vladimir Cortez Diaz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records in the case also raise questions about Lt. Jane Diaz’s record at the facility, including an investigation into a separate pepper spray incident from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6671213-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-151-1.html#document/p2/a546331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declaration\u003c/a> filed by Diaz’s own legal defense mentions “an April 2019 complaint/investigation related to Diaz’s attempt to use chemical agents on a detainee in violation of GEO policy.” According to the legal filing, “GEO personnel found that Diaz obstructed the investigation by not providing complete information to the investigator.” The incident “ultimately led to her termination from GEO,” according to the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Coleman, an attorney representing Diaz, Campos and GEO, stated in an email to NPR, “We can’t comment on personnel actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Treatment at Adelanto \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Advocates for immigrants say the allegations from the 2017 incident fit a broader pattern of detainee mistreatment at Adelanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Freedom of Information Act, NPR has obtained and examined hundreds of grievances filed by detainees at the facility. Several of those complaints allege threats, mistreatment and verbal abuse by Adelanto staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2018, a female detention officer said, “I won’t hesitate to drop all this [sic] dumb bitches off their bunks,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745408-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0061E.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">detainee’s complaint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How am I safe if she comes angry again?” the detainee wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another detainee \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745406-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0030W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complained\u003c/a> that when his family was visiting, a detention officer “mocked me and my family’s English.” When the detainee’s wife spoke to the officer about the comment, the detention officer responded, “Welcome to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a series of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745407-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0049W-18-0053W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a> refer to a guard “harassing” people and saying, “I don’t like Mexicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each of these three cases, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745459-Pages-From-Adelanto-Grievance-Log.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the records\u003c/a>, GEO found that the complaints were substantiated. But there is no additional information about how the company or ICE addressed these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, GEO said, “Our company took corrective action, including disciplinary action against employees, where appropriate,” but it did not provide specifics on these cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“They Treated Me Worse Than Trash”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Steinback, from the detainees’ legal team, said she hopes the settlement in this case “emboldens others who are being abused and mistreated to come forward and to expose the horrors that are happening in these private immigration detention centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the outcome, the immigration status for several of the detainees remains in flux. One of them has obtained asylum in the U.S., two had their asylum requests rejected and the five others are still awaiting final decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo did not receive asylum. He ended up in Tijuana, Mexico, after the incident, where he found work at a hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his deposition, Lopez Castillo said he had sought asylum in the U.S. to escape violence from gangs and police in El Salvador. But after his experience in immigration detention, he said he changed his mind about America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p277/a546158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Lopez Castillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They treated me worse than trash when all I was trying to do was start a life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Pe-rFNoF74s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>You can see the full video of the incident here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Exclusive%3A+Video+Shows+Controversial+Use+Of+Force+Inside+An+ICE+Detention+Center+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Wrongly Targeted For Deportation, Cambodian American Returns to the US",
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"content": "\u003cp>After landing in San Francisco International Airport from Cambodia last Wednesday evening, Sok Khoeun Loeun greeted a cheering crowd of family and friends with hugs and high fives, but he was scanning the crowd for his mother. When he reached her, he dropped to his knees, placed his head at her feet and bowed again and again with his hands clasped and fingertips raised to his forehead. Moments later, he did the same to his tearful father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to show that I respect and love them,” Loeun said, recalling last week’s emotional reunion. “They went there to support me after everything. They still showed up. It meant a lot and in our culture, that's the way to pay back our respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800318\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loeun spoke to KQED by phone from Bakersfield, where he attended a cousin’s birthday a few days later. He was making the rounds to visit with family members he hadn’t seen in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few months ago, Loeun had been resigned to never stepping foot again in America, where his parents, three sons and six brothers and sisters all live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun, 35, had lived in Fresno since he was a baby, after his family was admitted to the U.S. as refugees. But in 2015, he voluntarily left for Cambodia after learning that the Department of Homeland Security had placed him in deportation proceedings because of a 2012 marijuana possession conviction. He said the prospect of spending months or years in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention seemed far worse at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800321\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" alt=\"Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sok Khoeun Loeun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This past November, Loeun learned it was a choice he should not have had to make. After attending a legal clinic in Phnom Penh held by advocacy organizations, including San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus and the Oakland-based Asian Prisoner Support Committee, he discovered a shocking revelation: He was a U.S. citizen, and the government had no right to deport him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His return home transformed the international arrivals lobby of the airport into a joyous celebration where over 50 community members anticipated his arrival. It felt like a typical Cambodian family gathering, where foil trays of egg rolls and pink boxes of donuts were passed around and people sang and danced to Cambodian ballads blaring from a portable speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800320\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800320\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" alt=\"Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that Sok is here is really exceptional but it needs to be normal. Cambodian families need the opportunity to come together, be together and heal together,” Loeun’s attorney, Anoop Prasad, told the crowd of supporters. According to Prasad, Loeun is the third Cambodian ever to return to the U.S. after facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with an increase in ICE raids and deportations of Southeast Asians, Prasad and other advocates are stepping up their legal advocacy in an effort to reunite Cambodian deportees, like Loeun, with their families. Under the Trump administration, deportation numbers have been the highest in a decade: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf\">Removals to Cambodia\u003c/a> nearly tripled in 2018 and in January of this year alone, ICE deported an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ice-deported-25-cambodian-immigrants-most-whom-arrived-u-s-n1117906\">estimated 25 Cambodian immigrants\u003c/a> — more than 30% of the total number of Cambodians \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2019/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">deported in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizers say these deportations fracture Cambodian families, many of whom still suffer from their experiences under Cambodia’s genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, which they fled in the 1970s. Advocates hope to bring more people like Loeun home by similarly identifying bureaucratic errors made in Cambodian immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Loeun’s case, a spokesperson from U.S. Customs and Border Protection declined to comment on any pending cases as a matter of policy, and said that doing so “should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a majority of the Cambodians deported are legal residents with old felony convictions, many families struggle to understand the complexities of how the immigration and criminal justice systems overlap. That’s where lawyers like Prasad come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It honestly took only two minutes of talking to him to realize that he had American citizenship,” said Prasad, a staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who first met Loeun at the legal clinic in Phnom Penh. He says the error of targeting Loeun for deportation was “clear cut.” But Loeun, like many Cambodian deportees, lacked legal guidance at the time, so it was hardly surprising that no one challenged the government's mistake, said Prasad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether American citizens have been placed into deportation proceedings or detention, ICE spokeswoman Mary G. Houtmann said in a statement that the agency only arrests individuals with “probable cause of alienage and removability from the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann added that the agency investigates immigration status by reviewing electronic and paper records collected by federal, state, local and international agencies, as well as conducting personal interviews. “When the agency receives evidence suggesting that information in its systems is inaccurate, steps are taken to ensure the accuracy of such information,” Houtmann said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann said ICE last updated its policies and procedures for citizenship claims in November 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prasad said, however, that in some cases ICE had wrongly designated a person’s criminal conviction as a deportable offense. “Either some of [the cases] were straight up invalid, or the law wasn’t followed correctly,” Prasad said. Other immigrants, he said, didn’t get legal advice about the immigration consequences of having a conviction on their record at the time they were fighting a criminal charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800316\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800316\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" alt=\"Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S. \u003ccite>( Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about whether criminal convictions could be wrongly classified as deportable, Houtmann said the agency does not make the determination if a person is removable. “That decision rests with immigration courts, which fall under the Department of Justice,” she wrote in a statement. “ICE officers carry out the removal decisions made by the federal immigration judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Family's Resilience Through Genocide and Deportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prasad first visited Cambodia in 2016 to provide legal clinics for deportees. He was part of a delegation that hoped to halt deportations by advocating for an amendment to a repatriation agreement between Cambodia and the U.S. After deportations increased under President Trump, the advocates shifted their tactics and began appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747026/gov-newsom-pardons-two-former-cambodian-refugees-facing-deportation\">governor pardons\u003c/a>. Both Gov. Gavin Newsom and his predecessor, Jerry Brown, have issued pardons of Southeast Asian immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall, Prasad returned to Cambodia and met Loeun and other deportees. Prasad estimates that there are potential legal problems with the deportation orders of nearly a quarter of the people he met there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though each case is different, Prasad said many Cambodian refugees who are forced to leave the U.S. share a similar childhood narrative as Loeun’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s parents survived the Khmer Rouge genocide, which killed over two million Cambodians in the late 1970s. They fled to a refugee camp in Thailand, where Loeun, the eldest of seven siblings, was born in 1984. The family arrived in the U.S. as refugees the following year, and eventually resettled in Fresno. When Loeun was 12, his mother became a naturalized citizen. \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Child-Citizenship-2000-Sections-320-322-INA.html\">Under the Child Citizen Act of 2000\u003c/a>, Loeun automatically became a citizen, too, though no one in the family knew it then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many Cambodian refugees, Loeun’s family lived in a poor neighborhood with high crime, gangs and bullying. “We were the only Cambodian family in our neighborhood,” Loeun said. “Everybody picked on us, called us ‘ching chang chong,’ and they’d break into our house all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Cambodian refugee youths became involved in gangs for a sense of belonging and protection — and those who committed crimes faced an increasingly unforgiving criminal justice system, as immigration and sentencing laws were toughened in the 1990s. In particular, the 1996 acts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/735\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act\u003c/a> (AEDPA) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act\u003c/a> (IIRIRA), greatly expanded the list of offenses considered deportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration judges were struggling to interpret all these new laws and, in general, they were interpreting them in the harshest way possible,” said Prasad. “It took years for the federal court to strike down these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"deportation\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he had served his sentence years before, Loeun again felt the consequences of his drug conviction in 2015, when he was stopped by CBP agents on his return from a family trip to Cambodia. They seized his green card and informed him that he’d likely soon be picked up by ICE. After discussing the predicament with his family, Loeun decided to leave for Cambodia, hoping that he’d be able to work and financially support his boys from abroad. He left the children in the care of their mother and his own parents. His youngest son was just around 5 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s younger sister, Sokhum Lisa Loeun says her family had no resources to help them understand the nuances of immigration law. “No one advocated for him,” she said, her voice cracking. “I’m angry because someone should have told him, ‘Don’t go. You have a chance.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she’s relieved to have her brother finally home, she said it hurts to realize that his five-year absence should never have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Loeun siblings often refer to each other by their birth order and some of them even have tattoos of their numbers in the sibling sequence. Loeun has a No. 1 on his wrist. As the first born, Loeun took a leadership role in the family, helping his parents run their doughnut shop, guiding his nieces and nephews and making key decisions for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his absence, Lisa, the eldest daughter, took on the role of “number one.” “We tried to raise the kids as best as we can but I know that without their dad being here, without them having a father role model, they had it hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s eldest son Kobe, who turns 18 this month and is graduating from high school this spring, says his dad’s absence heightened his anxieties and affected his academic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really be sad because not having my dad around put a lot of stress on me and I wasn’t really doing too good in school,” he said. “I would just be thinking about my dad and I was always scared something would happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cambodia, Loeun also struggled. He said his darkest moments in Cambodia –– moments that included suicidal thoughts — were magnified when he could only watch his family holiday gatherings via Facebook Live. Many deportees there struggle with depression, as well as poor access to medical care and difficulty finding work, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [deportee] community in Cambodia as a whole is struggling. I don't think anyone there who's been deported is OK,” Prasad said. “The solution needs to be a recognition that something has gone terribly wrong here for everyone, not just for the people with U.S. citizenship claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800319\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport. \u003ccite>(Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Loeun feels relieved to be back in the U.S., the return is bittersweet. During his years in Cambodia, he started a new family. Returning to his family in the U.S. meant leaving behind his wife and his beloved 3-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest hope is to bring my daughter here as fast as I can, for her to get here and grow up and know this side of the family,” Loeun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Loeun looks forward to helping his parents with their business, reconnecting with all of his family members and, most importantly, attending Kobe’s high school graduation — an event he thought he would have to watch streamed on his cellphone in Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to be the best father I can be,” Loeun said. “That's my mindset. ... I've always wished for that since I got [to Cambodia], to say, ‘If you guys need anything, I’m just a drive away.’ That’s all I want to be, just a drive away from my family.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After landing in San Francisco International Airport from Cambodia last Wednesday evening, Sok Khoeun Loeun greeted a cheering crowd of family and friends with hugs and high fives, but he was scanning the crowd for his mother. When he reached her, he dropped to his knees, placed his head at her feet and bowed again and again with his hands clasped and fingertips raised to his forehead. Moments later, he did the same to his tearful father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to show that I respect and love them,” Loeun said, recalling last week’s emotional reunion. “They went there to support me after everything. They still showed up. It meant a lot and in our culture, that's the way to pay back our respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800318\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loeun spoke to KQED by phone from Bakersfield, where he attended a cousin’s birthday a few days later. He was making the rounds to visit with family members he hadn’t seen in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few months ago, Loeun had been resigned to never stepping foot again in America, where his parents, three sons and six brothers and sisters all live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun, 35, had lived in Fresno since he was a baby, after his family was admitted to the U.S. as refugees. But in 2015, he voluntarily left for Cambodia after learning that the Department of Homeland Security had placed him in deportation proceedings because of a 2012 marijuana possession conviction. He said the prospect of spending months or years in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention seemed far worse at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800321\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" alt=\"Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sok Khoeun Loeun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This past November, Loeun learned it was a choice he should not have had to make. After attending a legal clinic in Phnom Penh held by advocacy organizations, including San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus and the Oakland-based Asian Prisoner Support Committee, he discovered a shocking revelation: He was a U.S. citizen, and the government had no right to deport him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His return home transformed the international arrivals lobby of the airport into a joyous celebration where over 50 community members anticipated his arrival. It felt like a typical Cambodian family gathering, where foil trays of egg rolls and pink boxes of donuts were passed around and people sang and danced to Cambodian ballads blaring from a portable speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800320\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800320\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" alt=\"Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that Sok is here is really exceptional but it needs to be normal. Cambodian families need the opportunity to come together, be together and heal together,” Loeun’s attorney, Anoop Prasad, told the crowd of supporters. According to Prasad, Loeun is the third Cambodian ever to return to the U.S. after facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with an increase in ICE raids and deportations of Southeast Asians, Prasad and other advocates are stepping up their legal advocacy in an effort to reunite Cambodian deportees, like Loeun, with their families. Under the Trump administration, deportation numbers have been the highest in a decade: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf\">Removals to Cambodia\u003c/a> nearly tripled in 2018 and in January of this year alone, ICE deported an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ice-deported-25-cambodian-immigrants-most-whom-arrived-u-s-n1117906\">estimated 25 Cambodian immigrants\u003c/a> — more than 30% of the total number of Cambodians \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2019/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">deported in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizers say these deportations fracture Cambodian families, many of whom still suffer from their experiences under Cambodia’s genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, which they fled in the 1970s. Advocates hope to bring more people like Loeun home by similarly identifying bureaucratic errors made in Cambodian immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Loeun’s case, a spokesperson from U.S. Customs and Border Protection declined to comment on any pending cases as a matter of policy, and said that doing so “should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a majority of the Cambodians deported are legal residents with old felony convictions, many families struggle to understand the complexities of how the immigration and criminal justice systems overlap. That’s where lawyers like Prasad come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It honestly took only two minutes of talking to him to realize that he had American citizenship,” said Prasad, a staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who first met Loeun at the legal clinic in Phnom Penh. He says the error of targeting Loeun for deportation was “clear cut.” But Loeun, like many Cambodian deportees, lacked legal guidance at the time, so it was hardly surprising that no one challenged the government's mistake, said Prasad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether American citizens have been placed into deportation proceedings or detention, ICE spokeswoman Mary G. Houtmann said in a statement that the agency only arrests individuals with “probable cause of alienage and removability from the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann added that the agency investigates immigration status by reviewing electronic and paper records collected by federal, state, local and international agencies, as well as conducting personal interviews. “When the agency receives evidence suggesting that information in its systems is inaccurate, steps are taken to ensure the accuracy of such information,” Houtmann said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann said ICE last updated its policies and procedures for citizenship claims in November 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prasad said, however, that in some cases ICE had wrongly designated a person’s criminal conviction as a deportable offense. “Either some of [the cases] were straight up invalid, or the law wasn’t followed correctly,” Prasad said. Other immigrants, he said, didn’t get legal advice about the immigration consequences of having a conviction on their record at the time they were fighting a criminal charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800316\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800316\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" alt=\"Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S. \u003ccite>( Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about whether criminal convictions could be wrongly classified as deportable, Houtmann said the agency does not make the determination if a person is removable. “That decision rests with immigration courts, which fall under the Department of Justice,” she wrote in a statement. “ICE officers carry out the removal decisions made by the federal immigration judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Family's Resilience Through Genocide and Deportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prasad first visited Cambodia in 2016 to provide legal clinics for deportees. He was part of a delegation that hoped to halt deportations by advocating for an amendment to a repatriation agreement between Cambodia and the U.S. After deportations increased under President Trump, the advocates shifted their tactics and began appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747026/gov-newsom-pardons-two-former-cambodian-refugees-facing-deportation\">governor pardons\u003c/a>. Both Gov. Gavin Newsom and his predecessor, Jerry Brown, have issued pardons of Southeast Asian immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall, Prasad returned to Cambodia and met Loeun and other deportees. Prasad estimates that there are potential legal problems with the deportation orders of nearly a quarter of the people he met there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though each case is different, Prasad said many Cambodian refugees who are forced to leave the U.S. share a similar childhood narrative as Loeun’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s parents survived the Khmer Rouge genocide, which killed over two million Cambodians in the late 1970s. They fled to a refugee camp in Thailand, where Loeun, the eldest of seven siblings, was born in 1984. The family arrived in the U.S. as refugees the following year, and eventually resettled in Fresno. When Loeun was 12, his mother became a naturalized citizen. \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Child-Citizenship-2000-Sections-320-322-INA.html\">Under the Child Citizen Act of 2000\u003c/a>, Loeun automatically became a citizen, too, though no one in the family knew it then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many Cambodian refugees, Loeun’s family lived in a poor neighborhood with high crime, gangs and bullying. “We were the only Cambodian family in our neighborhood,” Loeun said. “Everybody picked on us, called us ‘ching chang chong,’ and they’d break into our house all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Cambodian refugee youths became involved in gangs for a sense of belonging and protection — and those who committed crimes faced an increasingly unforgiving criminal justice system, as immigration and sentencing laws were toughened in the 1990s. In particular, the 1996 acts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/735\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act\u003c/a> (AEDPA) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act\u003c/a> (IIRIRA), greatly expanded the list of offenses considered deportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration judges were struggling to interpret all these new laws and, in general, they were interpreting them in the harshest way possible,” said Prasad. “It took years for the federal court to strike down these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he had served his sentence years before, Loeun again felt the consequences of his drug conviction in 2015, when he was stopped by CBP agents on his return from a family trip to Cambodia. They seized his green card and informed him that he’d likely soon be picked up by ICE. After discussing the predicament with his family, Loeun decided to leave for Cambodia, hoping that he’d be able to work and financially support his boys from abroad. He left the children in the care of their mother and his own parents. His youngest son was just around 5 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s younger sister, Sokhum Lisa Loeun says her family had no resources to help them understand the nuances of immigration law. “No one advocated for him,” she said, her voice cracking. “I’m angry because someone should have told him, ‘Don’t go. You have a chance.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she’s relieved to have her brother finally home, she said it hurts to realize that his five-year absence should never have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Loeun siblings often refer to each other by their birth order and some of them even have tattoos of their numbers in the sibling sequence. Loeun has a No. 1 on his wrist. As the first born, Loeun took a leadership role in the family, helping his parents run their doughnut shop, guiding his nieces and nephews and making key decisions for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his absence, Lisa, the eldest daughter, took on the role of “number one.” “We tried to raise the kids as best as we can but I know that without their dad being here, without them having a father role model, they had it hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s eldest son Kobe, who turns 18 this month and is graduating from high school this spring, says his dad’s absence heightened his anxieties and affected his academic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really be sad because not having my dad around put a lot of stress on me and I wasn’t really doing too good in school,” he said. “I would just be thinking about my dad and I was always scared something would happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cambodia, Loeun also struggled. He said his darkest moments in Cambodia –– moments that included suicidal thoughts — were magnified when he could only watch his family holiday gatherings via Facebook Live. Many deportees there struggle with depression, as well as poor access to medical care and difficulty finding work, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [deportee] community in Cambodia as a whole is struggling. I don't think anyone there who's been deported is OK,” Prasad said. “The solution needs to be a recognition that something has gone terribly wrong here for everyone, not just for the people with U.S. citizenship claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800319\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport. \u003ccite>(Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Loeun feels relieved to be back in the U.S., the return is bittersweet. During his years in Cambodia, he started a new family. Returning to his family in the U.S. meant leaving behind his wife and his beloved 3-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest hope is to bring my daughter here as fast as I can, for her to get here and grow up and know this side of the family,” Loeun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Loeun looks forward to helping his parents with their business, reconnecting with all of his family members and, most importantly, attending Kobe’s high school graduation — an event he thought he would have to watch streamed on his cellphone in Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to be the best father I can be,” Loeun said. “That's my mindset. ... I've always wished for that since I got [to Cambodia], to say, ‘If you guys need anything, I’m just a drive away.’ That’s all I want to be, just a drive away from my family.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Judge to Rule on ICE Detainee's Future",
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"content": "\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A San Francisco resident detained by ICE could be released Wednesday, after a federal court ruled his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2020/01/31/2020-travelvisa-restrictions\">announced Friday\u003c/a> that it was restricting immigrants from six additional countries that officials said failed to meet minimum security standards, as part of an election-year push to further clamp down immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said immigrants from Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea, Nigeria, Sudan and Tanzania will face new restrictions in obtaining certain visas to come to the United States. But it is not a total travel ban, unlike President Trump’s earlier effort that generated outrage around the world for targeting Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump signed a proclamation on the restrictions Friday; they go into effect Feb. 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement came as Trump tries to promote his crackdown on immigration, highlighting a signature issue that motivated supporters in 2016 and hoping it has the same effect this November. The administration recently announced birth tourism restrictions, is touting the sharp decline in crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border and citing progress on building the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is fundamental to national security, and the height of common sense, that if a foreign nation wishes to receive the benefits of immigration and travel to the United States, it must satisfy basic security conditions outlined by America’s law enforcement and intelligence professionals,” the White House said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups responded almost immediately condemning the new restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zahra Billoo, executive director of the San Francisco chapter of the \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/sfba/\">Council on American-Islamic Relations\u003c/a>, wrote in a statement that she had long worried that the president would expand the restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to banning even more Muslim countries, this administration has gone further, banning immigrants from even more nations. We call on members of Congress to act now to support the current, comprehensive version of the No Ban Act and move to reign in the president’s bigoted immigration agenda immediately. Enough is enough,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Countries and Visas Are Impacted\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea and Nigeria would have all immigrant visas suspended; those are applicants seeking to live in the U.S. permanently. They include visas for people sponsored by family members or employers as well as the diversity visa program that made up to 55,000 visas available in the most recent lottery. In December, for example, 40,666 immigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Tanzania will have diversity visas suspended. The State Department uses a computer drawing to select people from around the world for up to 55,000 diversity visas. Nigeria is already excluded from the lottery along with other countries that had more than 50,000 natives immigrate to the U.S. in the previous five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonimmigrant visas were not affected — awarded to those traveling to the U.S. for a temporary stay. They include visas for tourists, those doing business or people seeking medical treatment. During December, for example, about 650,760 nonimmigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Immigration Advocates Decry 'Anti-Muslim Policy'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions were swiftly met with criticism from immigrant advocates who slammed them as a new Muslim ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Kyrgyzstan are majority-Muslim countries. Nigeria, the seventh-most populous nation in the world with more than 200 million people, is about evenly split between Christians and Muslims but has the world’s fifth-largest population of Muslims, according to the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the American Civil Liberties Union Immigrants’ Rights Project, said the previous visa restrictions should not be expanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump is doubling down on his signature anti-Muslim policy — and using the ban as a way to put even more of his prejudices into practice by excluding more communities of color,” Jadwat said. \"Families, universities and businesses in the United States are paying an ever-higher price for President Trump’s ignorance and racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Administration Says Restrictions Based on Security Concerns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rumors swirled for weeks about a potential new ban, and initially Belarus was considered. But Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was headed to the Eastern European nation as the restrictions were announced, and Belarus was not on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf said Homeland Security officials would work with the countries on bolstering their security requirements to help them work to get off the list. Wolf said some nations were able to comply with the new standards in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These countries for the most part want to be helpful, they want to do the right thing, they have relationships with the U.S., but for a variety of different reasons failed to meet those minimum requirements,” Wolf said.\u003cbr>\n[aside tag=\"travel-ban\" label=\"The Evolution of Trump's Travel Bans\"]\u003cbr>\nThe current restrictions follow Trump’s travel ban, which the Supreme Court upheld as lawful in 2018. They are significantly softer than Trump’s initial ban, which had suspended travel from Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen for 90 days, blocked refugee admissions for 120 days, and suspended travel from Syria. The government suspended most immigrant and nonimmigrant visas to applicants from those countries. Exceptions are available for students and those with “significant contacts” in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said a travel ban is necessary to protect Americans. But opponents have argued that he seeks to target Muslim countries, pointing to comments he made as a candidate in 2015 calling for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven countries in the ban include nations with little or no diplomatic relationship to the U.S. and five majority-Muslim nations: Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said immigrant visas were chosen because people with those visas are the most difficult to remove after arriving in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ban was immediately blocked by the courts and led to a monthslong process to develop clear standards and federal review processes to try to withstand legal muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said officials examined countries for compliance with minimum standards for identification and information-sharing, and assessed whether countries properly tracked terrorism or public safety risks. Officials looked at whether countries used modern passports, shared information that the U.S. could validate on travelers and identified possible criminal suspects in a way that the U.S. could see before entry. They evaluated responses and ranked nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies then discussed whether countries had different, but important, contacts with the U.S. and then decided on restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really the only way to mitigate the risk is to impose these travel restrictions,” Wolf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement had been expected around the third anniversary of the Jan. 27, 2017, enactment of the first order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bier, an immigration policy analyst with the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think tank, said the expansion had no foundation and had “even less of a rational basis than all its prior iterations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This list of nations has no foundation in the security factors on which it was supposed to based,” Bier said. “It’s just another arbitrary exercise designed to keep out legal immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups responded almost immediately condemning the new restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zahra Billoo, executive director of the San Francisco chapter of the \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/sfba/\">Council on American-Islamic Relations\u003c/a>, wrote in a statement that she had long worried that the president would expand the restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to banning even more Muslim countries, this administration has gone further, banning immigrants from even more nations. We call on members of Congress to act now to support the current, comprehensive version of the No Ban Act and move to reign in the president’s bigoted immigration agenda immediately. Enough is enough,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Countries and Visas Are Impacted\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea and Nigeria would have all immigrant visas suspended; those are applicants seeking to live in the U.S. permanently. They include visas for people sponsored by family members or employers as well as the diversity visa program that made up to 55,000 visas available in the most recent lottery. In December, for example, 40,666 immigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Tanzania will have diversity visas suspended. The State Department uses a computer drawing to select people from around the world for up to 55,000 diversity visas. Nigeria is already excluded from the lottery along with other countries that had more than 50,000 natives immigrate to the U.S. in the previous five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonimmigrant visas were not affected — awarded to those traveling to the U.S. for a temporary stay. They include visas for tourists, those doing business or people seeking medical treatment. During December, for example, about 650,760 nonimmigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Immigration Advocates Decry 'Anti-Muslim Policy'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions were swiftly met with criticism from immigrant advocates who slammed them as a new Muslim ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Kyrgyzstan are majority-Muslim countries. Nigeria, the seventh-most populous nation in the world with more than 200 million people, is about evenly split between Christians and Muslims but has the world’s fifth-largest population of Muslims, according to the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the American Civil Liberties Union Immigrants’ Rights Project, said the previous visa restrictions should not be expanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump is doubling down on his signature anti-Muslim policy — and using the ban as a way to put even more of his prejudices into practice by excluding more communities of color,” Jadwat said. \"Families, universities and businesses in the United States are paying an ever-higher price for President Trump’s ignorance and racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Administration Says Restrictions Based on Security Concerns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rumors swirled for weeks about a potential new ban, and initially Belarus was considered. But Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was headed to the Eastern European nation as the restrictions were announced, and Belarus was not on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf said Homeland Security officials would work with the countries on bolstering their security requirements to help them work to get off the list. Wolf said some nations were able to comply with the new standards in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These countries for the most part want to be helpful, they want to do the right thing, they have relationships with the U.S., but for a variety of different reasons failed to meet those minimum requirements,” Wolf said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe current restrictions follow Trump’s travel ban, which the Supreme Court upheld as lawful in 2018. They are significantly softer than Trump’s initial ban, which had suspended travel from Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen for 90 days, blocked refugee admissions for 120 days, and suspended travel from Syria. The government suspended most immigrant and nonimmigrant visas to applicants from those countries. Exceptions are available for students and those with “significant contacts” in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said a travel ban is necessary to protect Americans. But opponents have argued that he seeks to target Muslim countries, pointing to comments he made as a candidate in 2015 calling for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven countries in the ban include nations with little or no diplomatic relationship to the U.S. and five majority-Muslim nations: Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said immigrant visas were chosen because people with those visas are the most difficult to remove after arriving in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ban was immediately blocked by the courts and led to a monthslong process to develop clear standards and federal review processes to try to withstand legal muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said officials examined countries for compliance with minimum standards for identification and information-sharing, and assessed whether countries properly tracked terrorism or public safety risks. Officials looked at whether countries used modern passports, shared information that the U.S. could validate on travelers and identified possible criminal suspects in a way that the U.S. could see before entry. They evaluated responses and ranked nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies then discussed whether countries had different, but important, contacts with the U.S. and then decided on restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really the only way to mitigate the risk is to impose these travel restrictions,” Wolf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement had been expected around the third anniversary of the Jan. 27, 2017, enactment of the first order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bier, an immigration policy analyst with the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think tank, said the expansion had no foundation and had “even less of a rational basis than all its prior iterations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>No, bleach is not a good elixir, and coronavirus is \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecoronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not related to beer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s all take a deep breath (with a face mask on if you prefer), and calm down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media is of course magnifying conspiracy theories — but the danger of becoming infected in the United States is extremely low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/adrienneshih/status/1222986183778689024?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">skip the xenophobia\u003c/a>, get that flu shot if you haven’t already and wash your hands regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know I’m a cartoonist and not a doctor, but even I know drinking bleach is not a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>No, bleach is not a good elixir, and coronavirus is \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecoronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not related to beer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s all take a deep breath (with a face mask on if you prefer), and calm down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media is of course magnifying conspiracy theories — but the danger of becoming infected in the United States is extremely low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/adrienneshih/status/1222986183778689024?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">skip the xenophobia\u003c/a>, get that flu shot if you haven’t already and wash your hands regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know I’m a cartoonist and not a doctor, but even I know drinking bleach is not a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">A Concord woman with a life threatening condition who fought successfully to regain humanitarian protections for sick immigrants will attend President Trump’s State of the Union address next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Karla Bueso, Maria Isabel's mother\"]‘It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel. That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Isabel Bueso, 24, became a public face of the plight of hundreds of immigrants who faced deportation last year after the Trump administration abruptly stopped issuing the temporary relief waivers they had relied on to stay in the United States and continue receiving medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso, who was born in Guatemala with a rare genetic disease, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified at a congressional hearing\u003c/a> in September, insisting she would die if she were deported. National media outlets covered her story, and public outcry intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reversed its position and resumed considering requests for so-called medical deferred action. In December, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790433/concord-woman-with-rare-disease-granted-reprieve-from-deportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> Bueso’s request to remain in the U.S. for another two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the State of the Union on Feb. 4, Bueso will be the guest of Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, who called for the congressional hearing she testified at and later \u003ca href=\"https://desaulnier.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-desaulnier-announces-private-bill-protect-maria-isabel-bueso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">introduced a House bill\u003c/a> that would grant legal permanent resident status to Bueso and her immediate family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso moved to the U.S. with her family when she was 7 after doctors in the Bay Area invited her to participate in a clinical trial for a new drug to treat her condition — Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the drug, which Bueso needs to survive. She receives it through intravenous infusions at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"maria-isabel-bueso\"]“Isabel is one of my personal heroes and she deserves to stay in this country,” DeSaulnier said in a statement. “I am proud to help lead her fight in Congress and am so pleased she is joining me for the State of the Union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medicine is not available in Guatemala, said her doctor, Paul Harmatz, a pediatrician at the hospital who led the clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease has left Bueso confined to a wheelchair and dependent on a device implanted in her throat to breathe. But she still excelled in school, graduating summa cum laude from Cal State University, East Bay in 2018. Bueso also became a nationally recognized advocate for people with rare genetic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso’s mom, Karla, said she was grateful her daughter would be present at the State of the Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel,” said Karla, from the family’s home in Concord. “That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Isabel Bueso, 24, became a public face of the plight of hundreds of immigrants who faced deportation last year after the Trump administration abruptly stopped issuing the temporary relief waivers they had relied on to stay in the United States and continue receiving medical treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso, who was born in Guatemala with a rare genetic disease, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified at a congressional hearing\u003c/a> in September, insisting she would die if she were deported. National media outlets covered her story, and public outcry intensified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reversed its position and resumed considering requests for so-called medical deferred action. In December, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790433/concord-woman-with-rare-disease-granted-reprieve-from-deportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> Bueso’s request to remain in the U.S. for another two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the State of the Union on Feb. 4, Bueso will be the guest of Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, who called for the congressional hearing she testified at and later \u003ca href=\"https://desaulnier.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congressman-desaulnier-announces-private-bill-protect-maria-isabel-bueso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">introduced a House bill\u003c/a> that would grant legal permanent resident status to Bueso and her immediate family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso moved to the U.S. with her family when she was 7 after doctors in the Bay Area invited her to participate in a clinical trial for a new drug to treat her condition — Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the drug, which Bueso needs to survive. She receives it through intravenous infusions at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Isabel is one of my personal heroes and she deserves to stay in this country,” DeSaulnier said in a statement. “I am proud to help lead her fight in Congress and am so pleased she is joining me for the State of the Union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medicine is not available in Guatemala, said her doctor, Paul Harmatz, a pediatrician at the hospital who led the clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease has left Bueso confined to a wheelchair and dependent on a device implanted in her throat to breathe. But she still excelled in school, graduating summa cum laude from Cal State University, East Bay in 2018. Bueso also became a nationally recognized advocate for people with rare genetic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bueso’s mom, Karla, said she was grateful her daughter would be present at the State of the Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s such an honor for Maria Isabel,” said Karla, from the family’s home in Concord. “That girl has gone through some very difficult times, but she’s also getting to live some pretty exceptional moments.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-collection-of-family-separation-cartoons-on-fred-korematsu-day",
"title": "A Collection of Family Separation Cartoons on Fred Korematsu Day",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thursday is “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqed/status/1222916181910282241?s=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fred Korematsu Day\u003c/a>,” a day set aside to commemorate Oakland-born Fred Korematsu, who resisted the internment of Japanese Americans all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also the day KQED’s Michelle Wiley and Tyche Hendricks published an \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefamilyseparationongoing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extensive account\u003c/a> of the Trump administration’s family separation policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wish I could say this is a cartoon wrap-up of the cruel policy that tore migrant families apart, but the ripple effects are far from wrapped-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be more cartoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, recent family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border are a stain on the ongoing history of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785848/still-searching-for-missing-family-pieces\">Still Searching for Missing Family Pieces\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11799091\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"Reunification by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769046/new-policy-would-allow-u-s-to-lock-up-kids-indefinitely-no-really\">New Policy Would Allow U.S. to Lock Up Kids Indefinitely. No, Really\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11769054\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"Preventing Abuse by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1020x741.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1200x872.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738609/sec-kirstjen-nielsens-inescapable-legacy\">Sec. Kirstjen Nielsen’s Inescapable Legacy\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11738639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Proud Legacy by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776071/migrant-children-still-being-separated-from-their-parents\">Migrant Children Still Being Separated From Their Parents\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11776079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1200x833.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714145/migrant-children-across-the-u-s\">Migrant Children Across the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11714162\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Childhood Trauma by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1200x777.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final.jpg 1920w, 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"excerpt": "Thursday is Fred Korematsu Day, a day set aside to commemorate Oakland-born Fred Korematsu, who resisted the internment of Japanese Americans all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.",
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"title": "A Collection of Family Separation Cartoons on Fred Korematsu Day | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thursday is “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqed/status/1222916181910282241?s=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fred Korematsu Day\u003c/a>,” a day set aside to commemorate Oakland-born Fred Korematsu, who resisted the internment of Japanese Americans all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also the day KQED’s Michelle Wiley and Tyche Hendricks published an \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefamilyseparationongoing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extensive account\u003c/a> of the Trump administration’s family separation policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wish I could say this is a cartoon wrap-up of the cruel policy that tore migrant families apart, but the ripple effects are far from wrapped-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be more cartoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, recent family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border are a stain on the ongoing history of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785848/still-searching-for-missing-family-pieces\">Still Searching for Missing Family Pieces\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11799091\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"Reunification by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769046/new-policy-would-allow-u-s-to-lock-up-kids-indefinitely-no-really\">New Policy Would Allow U.S. to Lock Up Kids Indefinitely. No, Really\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11769054\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"Preventing Abuse by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1020x741.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1200x872.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738609/sec-kirstjen-nielsens-inescapable-legacy\">Sec. Kirstjen Nielsen’s Inescapable Legacy\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11738639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Proud Legacy by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776071/migrant-children-still-being-separated-from-their-parents\">Migrant Children Still Being Separated From Their Parents\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11776079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1200x833.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714145/migrant-children-across-the-u-s\">Migrant Children Across the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11714162\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Childhood Trauma by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1200x777.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1180x764.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710928/still-separating-families\">Still Separating Families\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11710936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" 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"disqusTitle": "Winds Topple Section of New Border Wall on California-Mexico Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>A portion of border wall being built along California's border with Mexico toppled in strong winds, falling on a busy street on the Mexican side, authorities said Thursday. No one was injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concrete had not yet dried on several panels of steel poles topped with metal plates, which fell Wednesday about 2.5 miles east of a border crossing that connects the downtown areas of Calexico, California, and Mexicali, Mexico, Border Patrol spokesman Carlos Pitones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvT6WiTy08E\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 30-foot-high barriers are being installed across the border as the Trump administration speeds up construction to erect about 450 miles of wall by the end of next year. The border wall has been a signature priority for President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"border-wall\" label=\"related coverage\"]Trees prevented some panels from falling on the Mexicali street, which runs parallel to the wall. Other panels hit the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicali journalist Heriberto Reyes said he saw six toppled panels. The Border Patrol declined to say exactly how many fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes said vehicles may have been crushed if they were in the path at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They averted a tragedy, in my opinion,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol is discussing the incident with the contractor, Pitones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contractor, SLSCO Ltd., referred questions to the Border Patrol. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, based in Galveston, Texas, was awarded the 11-mile project in December 2018 as part of a $156 million contract to replace existing barriers in California, using Department of Homeland Security funds from the 2018 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 30-foot-high barriers are being installed across the border as the Trump administration speeds up construction to erect about 450 miles of wall by the end of next year. The border wall has been a signature priority for President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Trees prevented some panels from falling on the Mexicali street, which runs parallel to the wall. Other panels hit the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicali journalist Heriberto Reyes said he saw six toppled panels. The Border Patrol declined to say exactly how many fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes said vehicles may have been crushed if they were in the path at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They averted a tragedy, in my opinion,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol is discussing the incident with the contractor, Pitones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contractor, SLSCO Ltd., referred questions to the Border Patrol. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, based in Galveston, Texas, was awarded the 11-mile project in December 2018 as part of a $156 million contract to replace existing barriers in California, using Department of Homeland Security funds from the 2018 fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border",
"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border",
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"headTitle": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"2018 statement from U.N. human rights experts\"]‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Then-U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions in May 2018\"]‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11677196\" label=\"Filomena's Story\"]“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt\"]‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11711704\" label=\"Yvette's Story\"]He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2017, the Trump administration introduced its 'zero tolerance' policy to separate migrant parents seeking asylum from their children, part of an effort to deter the number of immigrants trying to enter the United States. ",
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"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Border Patrol, reacting to a breach it discovered in a steel-pole border wall believed to be used by smugglers, gave activists no warning this month when it bulldozed the U.S. side of a cross-border garden on an iconic bluff overlooking the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, after a public apology for “the unintentional destruction,” the agency allowed the activists in a highly restricted area to plant sticky monkey-flowers, seaside daisies and other native species in Friendship Park, which was inaugurated by first lady Pat Nixon in 1971 as a symbol of bilateral bonds. The half-acre plaza separating San Diego and Tijuana has hosted cross-border yoga classes, festivals and religious services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The garden’s rebirth is the latest twist in a sometimes-adversarial, sometimes-conciliatory, relationship between security-minded border agents and activists who consider the park a special place to exercise rights to free expression. [aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to reconcile because we have two different agendas, but we’re both in the same place, so we’re trying our best,” said Daniel Watman, a Spanish teacher who spearheads the garden for the volunteer group, \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendshippark.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Friends of Friendship Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an art festival in 2005, David Smith Jr., known as “The Human Cannonball,” flashed his passport, lowered himself into a barrel and was shot over the wall on the nearby beach, landing on a net with U.S. Border Patrol agents nearby. In 2017, professional swimmers crossed the border from the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean and landed on the same beach, where a Mexican official greeted them with stamped passports and schoolchildren cheered. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol has been less receptive to events that carry an overtly political message or that, in its view, take things too far. In 2017, it rejected the Dresdner Symphony Orchestra’s plans for a cross-border concert named, “Tear Down This Wall.” It also nixed a “Let Them Hug” signature campaign to allow “touch time” across the border on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents briefly opened a heavy steel gate several times a year but ended the practice after an American man and Mexican woman wed in a cross-border ceremony in 2017. They were furious to learn later that the groom was a convicted drug smuggler whose criminal record prohibited him from entering Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park, which advocates for “unrestricted access to this historic meeting place,” said the garden was created in 2007, shortly before a second barrier created a buffer enforcement zone that the Border Patrol opens to the public on weekends only. People can barely touch fingertips through a steel mesh screen during those weekend encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol said in a statement after the garden was bulldozed that it was being used “as cover to hide smuggling activities.” It released photos that showed a padlock on the Mexican side, which smugglers apparently used to keep the roughly 18-inch (46-centimeter) opening to themselves. [pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Daniel Watman']‘It’s hard to reconcile because we have two different agendas, but we’re both in the same place, so we’re trying our best.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walls are often breached. Manny Bayon, president of the National Border Patrol Council union local that represents San Diego-area agents, said some have cut through President Donald Trump’s new wall of high, concrete-filled steel bollards. Smugglers use cordless grinders that cost about $100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park met Jan. 15 with Douglas Harrison, the Border Patrol’s interim San Diego chief, and settled on a plan to resurrect the garden. Harrison said the intent was to trim, not destroy, it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take full responsibility, are investigating the event, & look forward to working with (Friends of Friendship Park) on the path forward,” Harrison said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A compromise called for the garden to be set back 4 feet (1.2 meters) from the wall to give agents better visibility with minimal planting on the next 4 feet to better facilitate temporarily removal when construction crews replace the existing barrier with Trump’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was last-minute misunderstanding Saturday when Watman said the group’s willingness to set the garden back came with permission to plant over a larger space, which the agents on duty wouldn’t allow. Watman agreed to shrink his blueprint and take it up later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are always up in the air somewhat,” he said. “There’s a little bit of playing it by ear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol released a statement Saturday that said it values “the friendships we have built over the years with the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident that this relationship will continue as we move into a new era of the bi-national garden,” it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to reconcile because we have two different agendas, but we’re both in the same place, so we’re trying our best,” said Daniel Watman, a Spanish teacher who spearheads the garden for the volunteer group, \u003ca href=\"https://www.friendshippark.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Friends of Friendship Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an art festival in 2005, David Smith Jr., known as “The Human Cannonball,” flashed his passport, lowered himself into a barrel and was shot over the wall on the nearby beach, landing on a net with U.S. Border Patrol agents nearby. In 2017, professional swimmers crossed the border from the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean and landed on the same beach, where a Mexican official greeted them with stamped passports and schoolchildren cheered. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol has been less receptive to events that carry an overtly political message or that, in its view, take things too far. In 2017, it rejected the Dresdner Symphony Orchestra’s plans for a cross-border concert named, “Tear Down This Wall.” It also nixed a “Let Them Hug” signature campaign to allow “touch time” across the border on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents briefly opened a heavy steel gate several times a year but ended the practice after an American man and Mexican woman wed in a cross-border ceremony in 2017. They were furious to learn later that the groom was a convicted drug smuggler whose criminal record prohibited him from entering Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park, which advocates for “unrestricted access to this historic meeting place,” said the garden was created in 2007, shortly before a second barrier created a buffer enforcement zone that the Border Patrol opens to the public on weekends only. People can barely touch fingertips through a steel mesh screen during those weekend encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol said in a statement after the garden was bulldozed that it was being used “as cover to hide smuggling activities.” It released photos that showed a padlock on the Mexican side, which smugglers apparently used to keep the roughly 18-inch (46-centimeter) opening to themselves. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walls are often breached. Manny Bayon, president of the National Border Patrol Council union local that represents San Diego-area agents, said some have cut through President Donald Trump’s new wall of high, concrete-filled steel bollards. Smugglers use cordless grinders that cost about $100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends of Friendship Park met Jan. 15 with Douglas Harrison, the Border Patrol’s interim San Diego chief, and settled on a plan to resurrect the garden. Harrison said the intent was to trim, not destroy, it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take full responsibility, are investigating the event, & look forward to working with (Friends of Friendship Park) on the path forward,” Harrison said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A compromise called for the garden to be set back 4 feet (1.2 meters) from the wall to give agents better visibility with minimal planting on the next 4 feet to better facilitate temporarily removal when construction crews replace the existing barrier with Trump’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was last-minute misunderstanding Saturday when Watman said the group’s willingness to set the garden back came with permission to plant over a larger space, which the agents on duty wouldn’t allow. Watman agreed to shrink his blueprint and take it up later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are always up in the air somewhat,” he said. “There’s a little bit of playing it by ear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol released a statement Saturday that said it values “the friendships we have built over the years with the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident that this relationship will continue as we move into a new era of the bi-national garden,” it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nine Central American parents who were forcibly separated from their children at the southern border under the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy, and then deported without their kids, landed Wednesday night at Los Angeles International Airport to reunite with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asylum-seekers had permission to be admitted to the United States as a result of a federal court order. While some in the group continued their journey to different U.S. cities, others, like Esvin Fernando Arredondo, passed through the arrival gate at LAX to find their families waiting for them with open arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo, all smiles, embraced his three daughters and wife, who he hadn’t seen for nearly two years. It was a moment he said he had prayed for during many sleepless nights after U.S. authorities sent him back to Guatemala in August 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday afternoon, as he waited to board his U.S.-bound flight at the airport in Guatemala City, he said the prospect of reuniting with his daughters felt “like a miracle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel completely happy,” said Arredondo, 44. “I want to recover some of the time I lost with my daughters, with my family. All I want to do is be with them, hug them and kiss them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo is one of 11 parents who will also have a chance to pursue their asylum claims in the U.S. after a federal judge in San Diego ordered the government to allow them to return. Two of those parents were not part of the group that arrived together from Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/supportKIND/status/1220367702667251713?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw ruled that U.S. authorities had unlawfully removed these parents. He cited evidence that immigration officers had misled or coerced them into signing deportation orders, and that some parents had agreed to abandon their asylum claims believing it would allow them to get their kids back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500 children were forcibly separated from their parents\u003c/a> at the U.S.-Mexico border before and after the official start of “zero tolerance” in the spring of 2018. At least 471 parents were then deported to Central America without their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lawsuit seeking to reunite the families, ACLU attorneys for the separated parents said it was unlikely that many more of the deported parents would be allowed by Sabraw to return to the U.S. But Linda Dakin-Grimm, Arredondo’s attorney, said the arriving parents were still making history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only nine of them, but they are, I hope, a beacon of hope for many, many other people who haven’t had any kind of remedy for what happened to them,” said Dakin-Grimm, a pro bono lawyer with the nonprofit Kids in Need of Defense, who is also representing Arredondo’s wife and children in their asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Family Separations at the Border\" tag=\"family-separation\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his declaration to the court, Arredondo’s family fled Guatemala in February 2018 after his 17-year-old son, Marco, was murdered by alleged gang members. Arredondo and his wife feared they or their daughters would be next. Police would not protect them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family sold their home and began the trek to the U.S., Arredondo said, but in Mexico, he and his 11-year-old daughter Andrea were stopped and questioned by authorities, and got separated from the rest of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo’s wife, Cleivi Jerez, and daughters Keyli and Alison made it to the Texas border and passed an initial asylum screening, known as a “credible fear” interview. They were then allowed to join relatives in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Arredondo and Andrea presented themselves to U.S. border officials in May 2018, he said, a crying Andrea was taken away while he protested. Arredondo was detained for three months, and did not pass his interview to establish a fear of returning to Guatemala, although his reasons were the same as his family’s. He was then deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea spent about a month in a government-contracted shelter before she was released to her mother, according to Dakin-Grimm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Guatemala City, Arredondo said he was afraid the gang, known as Mara 18, would kill him. He said he couldn’t return to his old part of town, where he had worked as a taxi driver and participated in a neighborhood watch group of friends trying to protect their families. He said he believes that joining the group had made his family a target of the gang. On his return, Arredondo said, he survived on odd jobs, painting homes or doing construction work, while worrying about his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very, very difficult,” he said. “After the deportation, I arrived in Guatemala with no money, no extra clothes, no home, and worst of all — no family. I spent entire nights unable to sleep, just thinking about them, hoping they were alright.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Trump administration has stopped large-scale separations of migrant parents from their children, Department of Homeland Security officials are implementing new policies that have drastically reduced access to asylum for Central American migrants at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such policy, the Migrant Protection Protocols, has allowed authorities to return more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796825/one-year-into-trump-remain-in-mexico-policy-congress-increases-scrutiny\">57,000 non-Mexican asylum-seekers\u003c/a> to Mexico to wait while their claims are processed in the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 0.2% of the people in the program have won asylum since it began a year ago, compared to 29% of all asylum-seekers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In September, U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw ruled that U.S. authorities had unlawfully removed these parents. He cited evidence that immigration officers had misled or coerced them into signing deportation orders, and that some parents had agreed to abandon their asylum claims believing it would allow them to get their kids back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500 children were forcibly separated from their parents\u003c/a> at the U.S.-Mexico border before and after the official start of “zero tolerance” in the spring of 2018. At least 471 parents were then deported to Central America without their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lawsuit seeking to reunite the families, ACLU attorneys for the separated parents said it was unlikely that many more of the deported parents would be allowed by Sabraw to return to the U.S. But Linda Dakin-Grimm, Arredondo’s attorney, said the arriving parents were still making history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s only nine of them, but they are, I hope, a beacon of hope for many, many other people who haven’t had any kind of remedy for what happened to them,” said Dakin-Grimm, a pro bono lawyer with the nonprofit Kids in Need of Defense, who is also representing Arredondo’s wife and children in their asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his declaration to the court, Arredondo’s family fled Guatemala in February 2018 after his 17-year-old son, Marco, was murdered by alleged gang members. Arredondo and his wife feared they or their daughters would be next. Police would not protect them, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family sold their home and began the trek to the U.S., Arredondo said, but in Mexico, he and his 11-year-old daughter Andrea were stopped and questioned by authorities, and got separated from the rest of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arredondo’s wife, Cleivi Jerez, and daughters Keyli and Alison made it to the Texas border and passed an initial asylum screening, known as a “credible fear” interview. They were then allowed to join relatives in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Arredondo and Andrea presented themselves to U.S. border officials in May 2018, he said, a crying Andrea was taken away while he protested. Arredondo was detained for three months, and did not pass his interview to establish a fear of returning to Guatemala, although his reasons were the same as his family’s. He was then deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea spent about a month in a government-contracted shelter before she was released to her mother, according to Dakin-Grimm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Guatemala City, Arredondo said he was afraid the gang, known as Mara 18, would kill him. He said he couldn’t return to his old part of town, where he had worked as a taxi driver and participated in a neighborhood watch group of friends trying to protect their families. He said he believes that joining the group had made his family a target of the gang. On his return, Arredondo said, he survived on odd jobs, painting homes or doing construction work, while worrying about his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very, very difficult,” he said. “After the deportation, I arrived in Guatemala with no money, no extra clothes, no home, and worst of all — no family. I spent entire nights unable to sleep, just thinking about them, hoping they were alright.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Trump administration has stopped large-scale separations of migrant parents from their children, Department of Homeland Security officials are implementing new policies that have drastically reduced access to asylum for Central American migrants at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such policy, the Migrant Protection Protocols, has allowed authorities to return more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11796825/one-year-into-trump-remain-in-mexico-policy-congress-increases-scrutiny\">57,000 non-Mexican asylum-seekers\u003c/a> to Mexico to wait while their claims are processed in the U.S. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about 0.2% of the people in the program have won asylum since it began a year ago, compared to 29% of all asylum-seekers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "One Year Into Trump 'Remain in Mexico' Policy, Congress Increases Scrutiny",
"title": "One Year Into Trump 'Remain in Mexico' Policy, Congress Increases Scrutiny",
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"content": "\u003cp>The House Judiciary Committee has stepped up an investigation into a Trump administration policy that has forced more than 57,000 asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico potentially for months — often in extremely dangerous regions — while their claims are processed in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year-old policy, officially called \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>, or MPP, is one of a series of moves by administration officials to fundamentally restructure this country’s asylum system and drastically restrict access to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Judiciary Committee \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/judiciary_objections_to_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked \u003c/a>the Department of Homeland Security to turn over documents about how the program, known informally as the “Remain in Mexico” policy, is being implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren, who chairs the Judiciary’s immigration subcommittee, said the administration is trampling the rights of asylum-seekers and making the protections unattainable for people with legitimate claims. Meanwhile, women, children and other vulnerable migrants are being “preyed upon by gangs and criminals” as they wait in Mexico, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current situation is really appalling,” said Lofgren. “The administration is acting without regard to what the law requires ... it's important to note that seeking asylum is provided for under law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, anyone who reaches the U.S. and can make a case that they face persecution at home has a right to claim protection, regardless of whether they come to an official port of entry or enter the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Ian Philabaum, director of border programs at Innovation Law Lab\"]'Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children.'[/pullquote]Among other things, Lofgren and her colleagues are requesting information on cases where border authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794587498/this-migrant-won-in-immigration-court-and-the-u-s-sent-him-to-mexico-anyway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">returned people to Mexico\u003c/a> even after they were granted asylum by a U.S. immigration judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressional inquiry comes nearly a year after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/29/689819928/trump-administration-begins-remain-in-mexico-policy-sending-asylum-seekers-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the first person\u003c/a> was returned to Mexico under MPP. On Jan. 29, 2019, a Honduran man, Carlos Catarlo Gomez, was sent to Tijuana to wait for an assigned court date in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials say MPP is preventing migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue \u003c/a>the policy has helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduce \u003c/a>unauthorized immigration in recent months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“MPP has been and will continue to be an effective tool to address the ongoing crisis at the southwest border,” a DHS spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy has transformed how U.S. authorities process asylum-seekers who are not Mexican nationals at the southern border. If they pass an initial screening, adults requesting asylum are now given a notice for a hearing in a U.S. immigration court, with instructions to appear at the port of entry to be transported to the courthouse. Then they are turned back to the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Department of Homeland Security\"]'MPP has been and will continue to be an effective tool to address the ongoing crisis at the southwest border.'[/pullquote]As many as 20,000 people are currently sheltered in northern Mexico awaiting entry into the U.S., according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The U.S. State Department has issued safety advisories for five of the six Mexican states along the border, warning people to reconsider travel or not to travel at all, due to violent crime and gang activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many asylum-seekers coming through Mexico are Central Americans with children, and they often lack resources and become victims of extortion, kidnapping and other crimes, legal advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children,” said Ian Philabaum, director of border programs at Innovation Law Lab. “More often than not, people are forced to discontinue their court proceedings because of the violence they are subjected to or because their children are sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Innovation Law Lab is one of several legal aid groups in California that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726721/bay-area-legal-groups-challenge-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the Trump administration last year to block the Remain in Mexico program, and a federal judge in San Francisco initially halted it. But last May, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the program to continue while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, asylum-seekers who passed “credible fear” screenings waited in the U.S. while their cases were decided, often released into the community. That gave people a chance to get legal support and prepare their cases, as well as reconnect with relatives in this country, said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the Immigrant Defenders Law Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for migrants in Mexico, who typically live in shelters or on the street, it’s “nearly impossible” to find U.S. immigration attorneys, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Lindsay Toczylowski executive director of the Immigrant Defenders Law Center\"]'They've created a system that's not designed to adjudicate claims but is designed just to deny people the right to asylum.'[/pullquote]Toczylowski said those in the MPP program with cases pending in the San Diego immigration court are typically summoned at 4 a.m. to the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana to be processed by CBP and then bused to the court. Some of her clients must travel hours from surrounding Mexican cities in the middle of the night to make those appointments, often with small children in tow, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They've created a system that's not designed to adjudicate claims but is designed just to deny people the right to asylum,” Toczylowski said. “It's designed to make sure that people are in no condition and have no ability to actually defend themselves in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal representation is key to winning asylum, data shows, but the vast majority of asylum-seekers returned to Mexico don’t have an attorney. So far, 117 people in the program — or about 0.2% — have been granted relief, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> researchers at Syracuse University. Last year, asylum was granted in roughly \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/asylum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">30%\u003c/a> of all cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, non-citizens are eligible for asylum if they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Jessica Vaughan, Center for Immigration Studies\"]'(Remain in Mexico) removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States.'[/pullquote]Most of the people arrested last year by Border Patrol agents are Central American families. Many say they are fleeing violence in their home countries and that their governments can’t protect them. The so-called “Northern Triangle” of Central America — Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador — is one of the world’s most dangerous regions outside a war zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who favor reducing immigration have applauded the MPP program. Jessica Vaughan, who directs policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said the adoption of Remain in Mexico has been a “major improvement” in the U.S. asylum system. Her group had recommended such a change for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States,” said Vaughan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that people in the program have a shorter wait for their claims to be decided, compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/588/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three years\u003c/a> on average it takes for an immigration judge to rule on other asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees U.S. immigration courts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11770865/san-diego-judges-told-to-speed-up-cases-under-controversial-immigration-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told \u003c/a>judges in San Diego, El Paso and other border cities to prioritize “Remain in Mexico” cases. Hearings are scheduled within two to four months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> a DHS report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]International law prohibits the U.S. from returning people to countries where they fear persecution or torture. Under the MPP, asylum-seekers who express such a fear about Mexico are entitled to an interview to make a case to stay in the U.S. while their cases are decided. But immigration attorneys have said the government was barring them from attending those interviews with their clients. This week, a federal judge in San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusandiego.org/judge-grants-preliminary-injunction-in-mpp-suit-rules-asylum-seekers-forced-into-mpp-must-have-access-to-lawyers-for-fear-of-return-to-mexico-interviews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruled \u003c/a>that all asylum-seekers in the program must have access to legal representation before and during those interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Remain in Mexico program is one of several steps the Trump administration has taken to restrict asylum. Others include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 9, 2018, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-addressing-mass-migration-southern-border-united-states/?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">presidential proclamation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/11/09/2018-24594/aliens-subject-to-a-bar-on-entry-under-certain-presidential-proclamations-procedures-for-protection?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> barred people from applying for asylum if they did not come to the U.S. through an official port of entry. Federal courts blocked implementation of this rule. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is considering the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On July 16, 2019, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed another country on the way to the U.S. but failed to apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed \u003c/a>the administration to implement that policy while lower courts weigh a legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 14, 2019, the Trump administration issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11795925/california-ag-slams-trump-plan-restricting-work-permits-for-asylum-seekers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed federal rule\u003c/a> that would deny work permits to asylum-seekers who didn’t come to the U.S. through an official port of entry, and would make asylum-seekers wait a year for a work permit — rather than the usual five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— In 2019, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1028_opa_factsheet-northern-central-america-agreements_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed agreements\u003c/a> with Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador that allow the U.S. to send asylum-seekers to those countries to seek protections in those countries instead. Since then, the U.S. has sent dozens of Honduran and Salvadorans to Guatemala under the agreement, according to media reports.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The House Judiciary Committee has stepped up an investigation into a Trump administration policy that has forced more than 57,000 asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico potentially for months — often in extremely dangerous regions — while their claims are processed in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year-old policy, officially called \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/01/24/migrant-protection-protocols\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Migrant Protection Protocols\u003c/a>, or MPP, is one of a series of moves by administration officials to fundamentally restructure this country’s asylum system and drastically restrict access to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Judiciary Committee \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/judiciary_objections_to_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked \u003c/a>the Department of Homeland Security to turn over documents about how the program, known informally as the “Remain in Mexico” policy, is being implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose Rep. Zoe Lofgren, who chairs the Judiciary’s immigration subcommittee, said the administration is trampling the rights of asylum-seekers and making the protections unattainable for people with legitimate claims. Meanwhile, women, children and other vulnerable migrants are being “preyed upon by gangs and criminals” as they wait in Mexico, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The current situation is really appalling,” said Lofgren. “The administration is acting without regard to what the law requires ... it's important to note that seeking asylum is provided for under law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, anyone who reaches the U.S. and can make a case that they face persecution at home has a right to claim protection, regardless of whether they come to an official port of entry or enter the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Among other things, Lofgren and her colleagues are requesting information on cases where border authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794587498/this-migrant-won-in-immigration-court-and-the-u-s-sent-him-to-mexico-anyway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">returned people to Mexico\u003c/a> even after they were granted asylum by a U.S. immigration judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressional inquiry comes nearly a year after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/29/689819928/trump-administration-begins-remain-in-mexico-policy-sending-asylum-seekers-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the first person\u003c/a> was returned to Mexico under MPP. On Jan. 29, 2019, a Honduran man, Carlos Catarlo Gomez, was sent to Tijuana to wait for an assigned court date in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials say MPP is preventing migrants from “gaming” the asylum system for economic opportunity in the U.S. Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue \u003c/a>the policy has helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reduce \u003c/a>unauthorized immigration in recent months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“MPP has been and will continue to be an effective tool to address the ongoing crisis at the southwest border,” a DHS spokesperson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy has transformed how U.S. authorities process asylum-seekers who are not Mexican nationals at the southern border. If they pass an initial screening, adults requesting asylum are now given a notice for a hearing in a U.S. immigration court, with instructions to appear at the port of entry to be transported to the courthouse. Then they are turned back to the Mexican side of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As many as 20,000 people are currently sheltered in northern Mexico awaiting entry into the U.S., according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The U.S. State Department has issued safety advisories for five of the six Mexican states along the border, warning people to reconsider travel or not to travel at all, due to violent crime and gang activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many asylum-seekers coming through Mexico are Central Americans with children, and they often lack resources and become victims of extortion, kidnapping and other crimes, legal advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thousands and thousands of people in Mexico, along the U.S.-Mexico border, are living on the streets, switching shelter to shelter every couple of days … struggling to feed their children,” said Ian Philabaum, director of border programs at Innovation Law Lab. “More often than not, people are forced to discontinue their court proceedings because of the violence they are subjected to or because their children are sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Innovation Law Lab is one of several legal aid groups in California that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726721/bay-area-legal-groups-challenge-trumps-remain-in-mexico-asylum-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sued \u003c/a>the Trump administration last year to block the Remain in Mexico program, and a federal judge in San Francisco initially halted it. But last May, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the program to continue while the case is litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, asylum-seekers who passed “credible fear” screenings waited in the U.S. while their cases were decided, often released into the community. That gave people a chance to get legal support and prepare their cases, as well as reconnect with relatives in this country, said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the Immigrant Defenders Law Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for migrants in Mexico, who typically live in shelters or on the street, it’s “nearly impossible” to find U.S. immigration attorneys, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Toczylowski said those in the MPP program with cases pending in the San Diego immigration court are typically summoned at 4 a.m. to the U.S. port of entry in Tijuana to be processed by CBP and then bused to the court. Some of her clients must travel hours from surrounding Mexican cities in the middle of the night to make those appointments, often with small children in tow, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They've created a system that's not designed to adjudicate claims but is designed just to deny people the right to asylum,” Toczylowski said. “It's designed to make sure that people are in no condition and have no ability to actually defend themselves in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal representation is key to winning asylum, data shows, but the vast majority of asylum-seekers returned to Mexico don’t have an attorney. So far, 117 people in the program — or about 0.2% — have been granted relief, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mpp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> researchers at Syracuse University. Last year, asylum was granted in roughly \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/asylum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">30%\u003c/a> of all cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, non-citizens are eligible for asylum if they have a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'(Remain in Mexico) removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Most of the people arrested last year by Border Patrol agents are Central American families. Many say they are fleeing violence in their home countries and that their governments can’t protect them. The so-called “Northern Triangle” of Central America — Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador — is one of the world’s most dangerous regions outside a war zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who favor reducing immigration have applauded the MPP program. Jessica Vaughan, who directs policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said the adoption of Remain in Mexico has been a “major improvement” in the U.S. asylum system. Her group had recommended such a change for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It removes the incentives that people had to leave their homes and pay a smuggler to come on this dangerous journey … hoping that they would be released into the United States,” said Vaughan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that people in the program have a shorter wait for their claims to be decided, compared to the \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/588/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three years\u003c/a> on average it takes for an immigration judge to rule on other asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees U.S. immigration courts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11770865/san-diego-judges-told-to-speed-up-cases-under-controversial-immigration-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told \u003c/a>judges in San Diego, El Paso and other border cities to prioritize “Remain in Mexico” cases. Hearings are scheduled within two to four months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/assessment_of_the_migrant_protection_protocols_mpp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to\u003c/a> a DHS report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>International law prohibits the U.S. from returning people to countries where they fear persecution or torture. Under the MPP, asylum-seekers who express such a fear about Mexico are entitled to an interview to make a case to stay in the U.S. while their cases are decided. But immigration attorneys have said the government was barring them from attending those interviews with their clients. This week, a federal judge in San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusandiego.org/judge-grants-preliminary-injunction-in-mpp-suit-rules-asylum-seekers-forced-into-mpp-must-have-access-to-lawyers-for-fear-of-return-to-mexico-interviews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruled \u003c/a>that all asylum-seekers in the program must have access to legal representation before and during those interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Remain in Mexico program is one of several steps the Trump administration has taken to restrict asylum. Others include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 9, 2018, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-addressing-mass-migration-southern-border-united-states/?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">presidential proclamation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/11/09/2018-24594/aliens-subject-to-a-bar-on-entry-under-certain-presidential-proclamations-procedures-for-protection?utm_source=CLINIC+Mail&utm_campaign=92bfd1c04c-press_release_11_9_2018&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a33179621a-92bfd1c04c-284025717\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> barred people from applying for asylum if they did not come to the U.S. through an official port of entry. Federal courts blocked implementation of this rule. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is considering the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On July 16, 2019, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rule\u003c/a> made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed another country on the way to the U.S. but failed to apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed \u003c/a>the administration to implement that policy while lower courts weigh a legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— On Nov. 14, 2019, the Trump administration issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11795925/california-ag-slams-trump-plan-restricting-work-permits-for-asylum-seekers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed federal rule\u003c/a> that would deny work permits to asylum-seekers who didn’t come to the U.S. through an official port of entry, and would make asylum-seekers wait a year for a work permit — rather than the usual five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— In 2019, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1028_opa_factsheet-northern-central-america-agreements_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed agreements\u003c/a> with Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador that allow the U.S. to send asylum-seekers to those countries to seek protections in those countries instead. Since then, the U.S. has sent dozens of Honduran and Salvadorans to Guatemala under the agreement, according to media reports.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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