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"content": "\u003cp>California officials have filed a statewide lawsuit against Walmart Inc. alleging that the company illegally disposed of hazardous waste at landfills across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Walmart%20Complaint.pdf\">42-page document filed Monday by state prosecutors\u003c/a>, the lawsuit alleges the retail giant illegally dumped nearly 160,000 pounds of hazardous waste, or more than 1 million items, each year in California over the last six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta and 12 California district attorneys said Walmart violated California’s environmental laws and regulations by dumping hazardous waste products at landfills that aren’t equipped to handle the materials, including alkaline and lithium batteries, insect killer sprays, aerosol cans, toxic cleaning supplies and LED lightbulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Rob Bonta, California Attorney General\"]‘Walmart’s own audits found that the company is dumping hazardous waste at local landfills at a rate of more than one million items each year.’[/pullquote]The lawsuit also claims Walmart dumped “confidential customer information” at these landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walmart’s own audits found that the company is dumping hazardous waste at local landfills at a rate of more than one million items each year. From there, these products may seep into the state’s drinking water as toxic pollutants or into the air as dangerous gases,” Bonta said \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-statewide-lawsuit-against-walmart-illegal\">in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said the lawsuit filed against the retail giant should serve as a warning to the state’s “worst offenders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to NPR, Walmart said the company will defend itself and said the lawsuit is “unjustified.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have met with the state numerous times and walked them through our industry-leading hazardous waste compliance programs in an effort to avoid litigation. Instead, they filed this unjustified lawsuit,” Walmart spokesperson Randy Hargrove said. “The state is demanding a level of compliance regarding waste disposal from our stores of common household products and other items that goes beyond what is required by law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest lawsuit filed against Walmart isn’t the company’s first with the state of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='environment']In 2010, the California Attorney General’s Office reached a $25 million settlement against the retail giant for illegally disposing of hazardous waste. But according to the attorney general’s office, a 2015 inspection found that Walmart continued to dump waste illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walmart is a responsible corporate citizen in California and everywhere we operate. We take our obligation to protect the environment seriously and have industry-leading processes in place to comply with local, state and federal environmental laws,” Hargrove said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, California investigators said 58 inspections of trash compactors taken from Walmart stores found dozens of items classified as either hazardous waste, medical waste or customer records with personal information.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The lawsuit also claims Walmart dumped “confidential customer information” at these landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walmart’s own audits found that the company is dumping hazardous waste at local landfills at a rate of more than one million items each year. From there, these products may seep into the state’s drinking water as toxic pollutants or into the air as dangerous gases,” Bonta said \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-statewide-lawsuit-against-walmart-illegal\">in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said the lawsuit filed against the retail giant should serve as a warning to the state’s “worst offenders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement to NPR, Walmart said the company will defend itself and said the lawsuit is “unjustified.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have met with the state numerous times and walked them through our industry-leading hazardous waste compliance programs in an effort to avoid litigation. Instead, they filed this unjustified lawsuit,” Walmart spokesperson Randy Hargrove said. “The state is demanding a level of compliance regarding waste disposal from our stores of common household products and other items that goes beyond what is required by law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest lawsuit filed against Walmart isn’t the company’s first with the state of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With COVID-19 again surging in the U.S. because of the omicron variant, President Biden announced several new steps to address the risks posed by the highly contagious variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying he understands “how tired, worried and frustrated you are,” Biden outlined his administration’s latest approach to deal with the virus that has taken some 800,000 lives in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably, the government plans to buy a half-billion at-home COVID test kits and mail them to people who want them, with deliveries beginning in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11898455\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52826_GettyImages-1227768883-qut.jpg\"]It’s a major step to tackling problems Americans have faced in easily accessing free at-home COVID tests throughout the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden sought to assure Americans who are vaccinated and boosted that they have a high degree of protection against severe illness. But he also made it clear that it will not be unusual for vaccinated people to get COVID-19, because of the new variant and that they will likely experience no symptoms or mild symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They should feel comfortable celebrating Christmas and the holidays as they planned,” the administration official said, noting people should take regular precautions like wearing masks during travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will not announce new restrictions on schools or businesses, White House press secretary Jen Psaki said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a speech about locking the country down. This is a speech outlining and being direct and clear with the American people about the benefits of being vaccinated, the steps we’re going to take to increase access and to increase testing, and the risks posed to unvaccinated individuals,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Access to free tests, a major new step\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the omicron variant became the most dominant version of the coronavirus in the U.S. and cases continued to rise as many Americans prepared for Christmas holidays later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with so many new cases, Americans faced problems in accessing affordable COVID-19 tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Yorkers hit the streets over the weekend trying to get tested but encountered long lines in the cold. The wait at a city-run testing and vaccination center in Times Square on Saturday afternoon was reportedly about three hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Robert M. Wachter, UCSF\"]‘[Testing] just needs to be freely available in the same way that vaccines have been.’[/pullquote]The U.S. government wants to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government will announce new federal testing sites across the country, including one in New York City that will open before Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the government will also start a website where people can order at-home tests to be delivered for free. This will augment plans announced earlier this month to require private insurance companies to reimburse people for the tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will also continue using the Defense Production Act and other powers to make sure the U.S. is producing as many tests as quickly as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all steps the administration should have made a while ago, said Dr. Robert M. Wachter, a professor and chairman of the Department of Medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing will only become more important as the U.S. continues to power through this surge, Wachter told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just needs to be freely available in the same way that vaccines have been,” he said of COVID-19 tests. “So that part is great. But because they are just starting now, it’s going to be a little bit late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter said it will take some time for the government to gear up production and mail them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Omicron is going to peak by mid-January, so it may miss a fair amount of this surge,” he said. “But better late than never. We have no idea how long this surge will last. This surge could go on for a couple of months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Carlos del Rio, the executive associate dean of the Emory School of Medicine & Grady Health System, calls the move “a step in the right direction,” but warns that it falls short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also insists that the U.S. needs a nationwide mask mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other physicians contacted by NPR, Dr. Leana Wen doesn’t think 500 million tests will be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Half a billion, though impressive-sounding, does not come even close to what’s needed,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wen, an emergency physician and professor of health policy and management at George Washington University, says the Biden administration needs to provide enough tests “for all American families to be able to test twice a week, every week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It needs to become the norm to test before going to school and work, and before families and friends have dinner together,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>More aid to boost vaccines and help hospitals\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As part of this multipronged effort, the Federal Emergency Management Agency is deploying planning officials to assess needs across the country and preposition supplies like masks, gloves and ventilators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president announced that FEMA is standing up new pop-up vaccination clinics across the country. There are plans so far for a new mobile unit in Washington, D.C., and four new mobile units across New Mexico. FEMA will help set up additional sites in areas of high demand over the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will also announce plans to beef up support for hospitals seeing high numbers of unvaccinated people who get sick from COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government will send ambulances and EMS workers to hot spots to help move people to places where there are open beds. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin will mobilize 1,000 doctors, nurses, medics and other military medical personnel to deploy to hospitals in January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wachter, this number of medical personnel feels like a “drop in the bucket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='coronavirus']“Starting with that number will be fine, but if it turns out to be woefully inaccurate, then everyone will be scrambling,” he said. “It’s going to be a bit of a free-for-all to figure out how we staff hospitals. If this hits hard, I doubt this will suffice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S.’s hard-hit areas will get a proper sense of what is needed in terms of additional medical personnel in a week or two, Wachter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may be that number will need to be 5,000 to 10,000,” he said. “The question is whether the number will be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR health correspondent Rob Stein contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The U.S. government wants to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government will announce new federal testing sites across the country, including one in New York City that will open before Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the government will also start a website where people can order at-home tests to be delivered for free. This will augment plans announced earlier this month to require private insurance companies to reimburse people for the tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will also continue using the Defense Production Act and other powers to make sure the U.S. is producing as many tests as quickly as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all steps the administration should have made a while ago, said Dr. Robert M. Wachter, a professor and chairman of the Department of Medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing will only become more important as the U.S. continues to power through this surge, Wachter told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just needs to be freely available in the same way that vaccines have been,” he said of COVID-19 tests. “So that part is great. But because they are just starting now, it’s going to be a little bit late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter said it will take some time for the government to gear up production and mail them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Omicron is going to peak by mid-January, so it may miss a fair amount of this surge,” he said. “But better late than never. We have no idea how long this surge will last. This surge could go on for a couple of months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Carlos del Rio, the executive associate dean of the Emory School of Medicine & Grady Health System, calls the move “a step in the right direction,” but warns that it falls short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also insists that the U.S. needs a nationwide mask mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other physicians contacted by NPR, Dr. Leana Wen doesn’t think 500 million tests will be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Half a billion, though impressive-sounding, does not come even close to what’s needed,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wen, an emergency physician and professor of health policy and management at George Washington University, says the Biden administration needs to provide enough tests “for all American families to be able to test twice a week, every week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It needs to become the norm to test before going to school and work, and before families and friends have dinner together,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>More aid to boost vaccines and help hospitals\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As part of this multipronged effort, the Federal Emergency Management Agency is deploying planning officials to assess needs across the country and preposition supplies like masks, gloves and ventilators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president announced that FEMA is standing up new pop-up vaccination clinics across the country. There are plans so far for a new mobile unit in Washington, D.C., and four new mobile units across New Mexico. FEMA will help set up additional sites in areas of high demand over the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will also announce plans to beef up support for hospitals seeing high numbers of unvaccinated people who get sick from COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government will send ambulances and EMS workers to hot spots to help move people to places where there are open beds. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin will mobilize 1,000 doctors, nurses, medics and other military medical personnel to deploy to hospitals in January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wachter, this number of medical personnel feels like a “drop in the bucket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Starting with that number will be fine, but if it turns out to be woefully inaccurate, then everyone will be scrambling,” he said. “It’s going to be a bit of a free-for-all to figure out how we staff hospitals. If this hits hard, I doubt this will suffice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S.’s hard-hit areas will get a proper sense of what is needed in terms of additional medical personnel in a week or two, Wachter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may be that number will need to be 5,000 to 10,000,” he said. “The question is whether the number will be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR health correspondent Rob Stein contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has announced it will relax controversial restrictions on a heavily regulated medication used to induce abortions — easing access to the drug at a time when abortion rights are being increasingly restricted nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug, mifepristone, is approved for use in combination with another medication, misoprostol, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-availability-and-use-of-medication-abortion/\">terminate pregnancies of up to 10 weeks\u003c/a> and is sometimes used to treat patients experiencing miscarriages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the coronavirus pandemic, doctors could prescribe the pills only to patients who were able to pick them up in person. But in response to COVID-19, the Biden administration suspended that requirement, allowing them to be mailed to patients instead. The decision by the FDA on Thursday makes that change permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Advocates said restrictions on the abortion pill were ‘outdated’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Last year, reproductive rights groups successfully sued to suspend the in-person dispensing rule, arguing it exposed patients to unnecessary risk from COVID-19. The Trump administration fought that decision at the Supreme Court, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/supreme-court-abortion-pill.html\">which allowed the rule to be reinstated\u003c/a>. Then, \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/news/news-releases/2021/04/acog-applauds-fda-action-on-mifepristone-access-during-covid-19-pandemic\">the Biden administration stepped in this April\u003c/a> to once again allow patients to receive the abortion pills by mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors like Nisha Verma said this mail option has been particularly helpful for residents of rural areas far from the nearest clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11896908\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52678_001_Chico_WomensHealthSpecialists_11182021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]“I think that makes it much more accessible for people where they don’t actually have to physically come into a clinic, they don’t have to expose themselves to COVID, they can do this all from the comfort of their home,” said Verma, an OB-GYN and abortion provider based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, state law protects the right to obtain an abortion before viability is guaranteed. That assurance, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896908/for-many-rural-and-lower-income-californians-abortion-services-remain-hard-to-access\">doesn’t always mean it’s easy to terminate a pregnancy, especially in the more rural regions of the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2017 study, the Guttmacher Institute, an abortion-rights advocacy and policy organization, found that some 40% of mostly rural counties in California had no clinics that provided abortions. That means even in a state with some of the nation’s most progressive abortion laws, many must travel over 100 miles to find a provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of medical and reproductive rights groups from across the country asked the FDA to permanently remove the in-person rule, as well as other restrictions, for mifepristone. As a result of litigation spearheaded by groups including the American Civil Liberties Union, the FDA agreed to review its regulations and report back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Kaye, an ACLU attorney, said years of data demonstrate that mifepristone is safe if used appropriately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11896560\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52685_010_Chico_WomensHealthSpecialists_11182021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]“At this moment, with Roe v. Wade hanging by a thread, it is especially urgent that the federal government do everything in its power to follow the science and expand access to this safe, effective medication,” Kaye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more states pass restrictions, Kaye said, lifting “outdated” restrictions and \u003ca href=\"https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(21)00148-7/fulltext\">making it easier for doctors to prescribe the pill could make abortion available for more people\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/policy-and-position-statements/position-statements/2018/improving-access-to-mifepristone-for-reproductive-health-indications\">medical groups including the American Medical Association argue\u003c/a> that since mifepristone was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2000, it has built up a strong safety record. Nonetheless, mifepristone is subject to layers of restrictions beyond those applied to typical prescription drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Abortion opponents have long fought easier access\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Conservative activists have long fought efforts to relax the rules for mifepristone, taking note of the increasing popularity of abortion pills, which many patients choose out of a desire to avoid surgery or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/759761114\">to terminate pregnancies more privately at home\u003c/a>. Today, \u003ca href=\"https://www.guttmacher.org/evidence-you-can-use/medication-abortion\">about 40% of patients seeking abortions use pills\u003c/a> rather than having a surgical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melanie Israel, a policy analyst with the DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society at the Heritage Foundation, said she \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/life/report/chemical-abortion-review\">worries that less oversight would put patients at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a reason that these safety protocols have been in place, and the abortion industry is really trying to seize this moment to remove those important safety restrictions and make abortion pills more widely available and more common,” Israel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Doctors are allowed to prescribe the abortion pill in Canada\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But a new study published last week in The New England Journal of Medicine, which reviewed data from more than 84,000 abortions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa2109779\">found no increase in complications after Canada made mifepristone available by a doctor’s prescription in 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verma, who is also a fellow with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/policy-and-position-statements/position-statements/2018/improving-access-to-mifepristone-for-reproductive-health-indications\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, which has lobbied to remove the FDA restrictions\u003c/a>, said doctors prescribing the pills through telemedicine \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/863512837\">ask questions designed to rule out risk factors, including ectopic pregnancies\u003c/a>. She said the pandemic has added to years of research demonstrating mifepristone’s safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='public-health']“We’ve really seen that this is completely safe and that these FDA regulations are based on politics — they’re not based on science or evidence,” she said. “Medications with similar risk, similar safety profiles, are not regulated the same way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verma points to the use of the same drug, mifepristone, to treat \u003ca href=\"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/cushings-syndrome\">Cushing’s syndrome\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202107s000lbl.pdf\">prescribed in a larger dose than is typically used to induce an abortion\u003c/a>. That use of the medication is not subject to the same restrictions that constrain abortion patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the FDA decision, the battle over abortion pills likely will continue in state legislatures, where some lawmakers have passed their own restrictions. This month, \u003ca href=\"https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/872/billtext/html/SB00004F.htm\">a new law took effect in Texas that makes sending abortion pills through the mail a felony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Katie Orr.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has announced it will relax controversial restrictions on a heavily regulated medication used to induce abortions — easing access to the drug at a time when abortion rights are being increasingly restricted nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drug, mifepristone, is approved for use in combination with another medication, misoprostol, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-availability-and-use-of-medication-abortion/\">terminate pregnancies of up to 10 weeks\u003c/a> and is sometimes used to treat patients experiencing miscarriages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the coronavirus pandemic, doctors could prescribe the pills only to patients who were able to pick them up in person. But in response to COVID-19, the Biden administration suspended that requirement, allowing them to be mailed to patients instead. The decision by the FDA on Thursday makes that change permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Advocates said restrictions on the abortion pill were ‘outdated’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Last year, reproductive rights groups successfully sued to suspend the in-person dispensing rule, arguing it exposed patients to unnecessary risk from COVID-19. The Trump administration fought that decision at the Supreme Court, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/supreme-court-abortion-pill.html\">which allowed the rule to be reinstated\u003c/a>. Then, \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/news/news-releases/2021/04/acog-applauds-fda-action-on-mifepristone-access-during-covid-19-pandemic\">the Biden administration stepped in this April\u003c/a> to once again allow patients to receive the abortion pills by mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors like Nisha Verma said this mail option has been particularly helpful for residents of rural areas far from the nearest clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I think that makes it much more accessible for people where they don’t actually have to physically come into a clinic, they don’t have to expose themselves to COVID, they can do this all from the comfort of their home,” said Verma, an OB-GYN and abortion provider based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, state law protects the right to obtain an abortion before viability is guaranteed. That assurance, however, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896908/for-many-rural-and-lower-income-californians-abortion-services-remain-hard-to-access\">doesn’t always mean it’s easy to terminate a pregnancy, especially in the more rural regions of the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2017 study, the Guttmacher Institute, an abortion-rights advocacy and policy organization, found that some 40% of mostly rural counties in California had no clinics that provided abortions. That means even in a state with some of the nation’s most progressive abortion laws, many must travel over 100 miles to find a provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of medical and reproductive rights groups from across the country asked the FDA to permanently remove the in-person rule, as well as other restrictions, for mifepristone. As a result of litigation spearheaded by groups including the American Civil Liberties Union, the FDA agreed to review its regulations and report back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Kaye, an ACLU attorney, said years of data demonstrate that mifepristone is safe if used appropriately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“At this moment, with Roe v. Wade hanging by a thread, it is especially urgent that the federal government do everything in its power to follow the science and expand access to this safe, effective medication,” Kaye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more states pass restrictions, Kaye said, lifting “outdated” restrictions and \u003ca href=\"https://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/S0010-7824(21)00148-7/fulltext\">making it easier for doctors to prescribe the pill could make abortion available for more people\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/policy-and-position-statements/position-statements/2018/improving-access-to-mifepristone-for-reproductive-health-indications\">medical groups including the American Medical Association argue\u003c/a> that since mifepristone was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2000, it has built up a strong safety record. Nonetheless, mifepristone is subject to layers of restrictions beyond those applied to typical prescription drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Abortion opponents have long fought easier access\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Conservative activists have long fought efforts to relax the rules for mifepristone, taking note of the increasing popularity of abortion pills, which many patients choose out of a desire to avoid surgery or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/759761114\">to terminate pregnancies more privately at home\u003c/a>. Today, \u003ca href=\"https://www.guttmacher.org/evidence-you-can-use/medication-abortion\">about 40% of patients seeking abortions use pills\u003c/a> rather than having a surgical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melanie Israel, a policy analyst with the DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society at the Heritage Foundation, said she \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/life/report/chemical-abortion-review\">worries that less oversight would put patients at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a reason that these safety protocols have been in place, and the abortion industry is really trying to seize this moment to remove those important safety restrictions and make abortion pills more widely available and more common,” Israel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Doctors are allowed to prescribe the abortion pill in Canada\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But a new study published last week in The New England Journal of Medicine, which reviewed data from more than 84,000 abortions, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa2109779\">found no increase in complications after Canada made mifepristone available by a doctor’s prescription in 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verma, who is also a fellow with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/policy-and-position-statements/position-statements/2018/improving-access-to-mifepristone-for-reproductive-health-indications\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, which has lobbied to remove the FDA restrictions\u003c/a>, said doctors prescribing the pills through telemedicine \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/863512837\">ask questions designed to rule out risk factors, including ectopic pregnancies\u003c/a>. She said the pandemic has added to years of research demonstrating mifepristone’s safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’ve really seen that this is completely safe and that these FDA regulations are based on politics — they’re not based on science or evidence,” she said. “Medications with similar risk, similar safety profiles, are not regulated the same way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verma points to the use of the same drug, mifepristone, to treat \u003ca href=\"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/cushings-syndrome\">Cushing’s syndrome\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/202107s000lbl.pdf\">prescribed in a larger dose than is typically used to induce an abortion\u003c/a>. That use of the medication is not subject to the same restrictions that constrain abortion patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the FDA decision, the battle over abortion pills likely will continue in state legislatures, where some lawmakers have passed their own restrictions. This month, \u003ca href=\"https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/872/billtext/html/SB00004F.htm\">a new law took effect in Texas that makes sending abortion pills through the mail a felony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Katie Orr.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "OR93, the Famously Far-Ranging Gray Wolf, Is Found Dead Near Los Angeles",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wildlife officials say a far-ranging gray wolf, the first to tromp across Southern California in more than a hundred years, was found dead near a roadway a little more than an hour's drive north of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appeared to have been struck by a vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male wolf, named OR93 when it was outfitted with a GPS collar by wildlife officials in its home state of Oregon, left its pack near Mount Hood two years ago. It gained followers and fans in the wildlife community as it traveled south, crossing interstates and highways to parts of California that hadn't seen a wolf since 1922.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Amaroq Weiss, senior wolf advocate, Center for Biological Diversity\"]'He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades.'[/pullquote]Researchers and wildlife protectors have expressed grief after the death of OR93. Senior Wolf Advocate Amaroq Weiss of The Center for Biological Diversity paid close attention to the wolf's movements, and for her, its journey shows that \"wolves are amazing and intrepid and inspiring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades,\" she shared through email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, like much of the U.S., is wolf habitat. Pre-colonization, large predators covered much of the continent, before European colonizers hunted, trapped and killed them to near extinction. The fragmented populations that survived are now being suffocated, in many areas, by an ever-growing web of roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation estimates that 365 million animals are killed on U.S. roads every year, more than the total number of people in the country. Recovering populations of large carnivores like wolves, which are trying to repopulate areas, are at particular risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897441\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 730px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897441 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg\" alt=\"A map of California that includes gray-colored areas near the Sierra Nevada, in rural northern counties and in some sparse zones north of Los Angeles, that are potentially suitable habitats for wolves\" width=\"730\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg 730w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR93 traveled to the areas near the Los Padres National Forest and the Chumash Wilderness. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Young male gray wolves are known to travel far distances after leaving their packs. The wanderlust has a biological purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By traveling far from its family, a wolf is more likely to find a mate with a different genetic makeup. Inbreeding is believed to have caused a population crash of gray wolves on Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Efforts to take grizzly bears off the endangered species list in the Northern Rockies have been stymied because of legal challenges based, in part, on \"species connectivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, wildlife officials have found abnormalities in an inbreeding population of mountain lions, hemmed in by the region's busy roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early next year, the state will break ground on an overpass spanning six lanes of the 101 freeway designed to help the large cats and other wildlife branch out, after a multiyear push by wildlife advocates. Similar efforts are underway around the country, and the larger effort to give wildlife safe passage just got a big boost in President Biden's recently passed infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It designates $350 million over the next five years for state, local and tribal governments to construct bridges or underpasses for wildlife. Another $400 million will go toward the removal of obstructions like dams, which stifle fish and invertebrate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The construction of wildlife crossings will reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and is a key conservation strategy to help wildlife survive impacts from climate change and development,\" said Mike Leahy, director of wildlife, hunting, and fishing policy at the National Wildlife Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='conservation']More than a million species are at risk of extinction globally, many within decades, because of human activities. World leaders are gathering next year to approve a plan for slowing the biodiversity crisis. Aggressive action is needed to slow the collapse of nature, said Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, executive secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do we want to avoid another COVID-19?\" she told NPR last year. \"We either conserve and protect nature, biodiversity, or it will make us suffer as we do now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED's Katrin Snow.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Researchers and wildlife protectors have expressed grief after the death of OR93. Senior Wolf Advocate Amaroq Weiss of The Center for Biological Diversity paid close attention to the wolf's movements, and for her, its journey shows that \"wolves are amazing and intrepid and inspiring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was simply looking for a mate and his search took him to [a] place we did not expect wolves to get to for decades,\" she shared through email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, like much of the U.S., is wolf habitat. Pre-colonization, large predators covered much of the continent, before European colonizers hunted, trapped and killed them to near extinction. The fragmented populations that survived are now being suffocated, in many areas, by an ever-growing web of roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation estimates that 365 million animals are killed on U.S. roads every year, more than the total number of people in the country. Recovering populations of large carnivores like wolves, which are trying to repopulate areas, are at particular risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897441\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 730px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897441 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg\" alt=\"A map of California that includes gray-colored areas near the Sierra Nevada, in rural northern counties and in some sparse zones north of Los Angeles, that are potentially suitable habitats for wolves\" width=\"730\" height=\"973\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats.jpg 730w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/wolves_habitats-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OR93 traveled to the areas near the Los Padres National Forest and the Chumash Wilderness. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Center for Biological Diversity)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Young male gray wolves are known to travel far distances after leaving their packs. The wanderlust has a biological purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By traveling far from its family, a wolf is more likely to find a mate with a different genetic makeup. Inbreeding is believed to have caused a population crash of gray wolves on Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Efforts to take grizzly bears off the endangered species list in the Northern Rockies have been stymied because of legal challenges based, in part, on \"species connectivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, wildlife officials have found abnormalities in an inbreeding population of mountain lions, hemmed in by the region's busy roadways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early next year, the state will break ground on an overpass spanning six lanes of the 101 freeway designed to help the large cats and other wildlife branch out, after a multiyear push by wildlife advocates. Similar efforts are underway around the country, and the larger effort to give wildlife safe passage just got a big boost in President Biden's recently passed infrastructure bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It designates $350 million over the next five years for state, local and tribal governments to construct bridges or underpasses for wildlife. Another $400 million will go toward the removal of obstructions like dams, which stifle fish and invertebrate populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The construction of wildlife crossings will reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and is a key conservation strategy to help wildlife survive impacts from climate change and development,\" said Mike Leahy, director of wildlife, hunting, and fishing policy at the National Wildlife Federation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s a sun-filled, fall day and Nicholas is strapped to an ambulance gurney near 8th and Market streets in downtown San Francisco, dazed and barely conscious. Plastic IV tubes snake around his left hand where L-O-V-E is tattooed just below his knuckles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nicholas, try to wake up a little bit for me, come on,” paramedic Paula Fartash coaxes, as she unsuccessfully tries to rouse him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas (we’re not using his last name because of the stigma of addiction) tells Fartash that when he started getting high in nearby U.N. Plaza park, he assumed he was smoking his drug of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This gentleman thought that he was doing meth,” the veteran San Francisco Fire Department paramedic says. “And turned out he was actually doing fentanyl as well,” the synthetic opioid many times more powerful than heroin. “So he walked over to someone and they gave him some Narcan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the brand name for naloxone, the emergency nasal spray drug used to try to reverse an otherwise potentially fatal overdose. That someone who administered a life-saving antidote was a nearby volunteer and street cleaner carrying Narcan, \u003ca href=\"https://harmreduction.org/our-work/action/dope-project-san-francisco/\">part of a city-supported program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895057\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1224px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895057 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9.jpg\" alt=\"The inside of an ambulance, where only the arm and tattooed hand and a bit of the torso of someone who is receiving care is visible. The person receiving care has many tattoos.\" width=\"1224\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9.jpg 1224w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1224px) 100vw, 1224px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man named Nicholas gets care in an ambulance after overdosing in San Francisco’s Civic Center. He told members of the emergency response team that when he started getting high, he assumed he was smoking meth. However, it turned out that he was unknowingly consuming fentanyl as well. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>San Francisco has among the highest per capita drug overdose death rates of any city in the U.S.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Faced with a stunning rise in drug overdose deaths the last few years, the vast majority tied to fentanyl, San Francisco has launched mobile teams made up of paramedics and nurses. The new Street Overdose Response Team (SORT), a collaboration between the city’s health and fire departments, aims to deliver a broad range of support and care directly following an overdose.[aside postID=\"news_11890421\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/fentanylteststrips_annelisefinney-1020x765.jpg\"]“Fentanyl is a game changer,” \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-announces-new-director-behavioral-health-services-and-mental-health-sf\">Dr. Hillary Kunins\u003c/a>, the city’s director of behavioral and mental health services, says of the opioid that’s 80 to 100 times stronger than morphine. “It requires a new way of thinking and resourcing.” It also, she says, “requires people to learn to work across disciplines and sometimes across organizations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kunins previously led New York City’s response to its overdose and substance abuse crisis. She concedes they aren’t sure what combination of tools, ultimately, will work best here to not only reduce fentanyl- and other drug-related deaths but also to boost treatment success rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the street overdose pilot project is part of a broad and ambitious strategy of interventions across city agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no single approach that’s going to solve this complex problem,” Kunins says. “What’s exciting and important about the work is that it is really part of a movement across the country to rethink how we address people who are at risk of overdose, who have ongoing other challenges: mental health, housing, food. And we must do this work to scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Fentanyl forced city officials to change how they approached harm reduction\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Capt. Michael Mason, a paramedic, is the fire department’s point person on the new program. As he races to the call for Nicholas’s overdose, he’s simultaneously coordinating with other paramedics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So starting directly at the scene of this overdose, we can start trying to direct this guy’s care in the best direction possible,” Mason says.[aside postID=\"news_11874651\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48996_006_MountainView_RobinDosskey_05122021-qut.jpg\"]That direct engagement could include helping to find a shelter bed, reaching out to friends or a doctor, helping with food or, most importantly, seeing if a person wants to start treatment with buprenorphine or suboxone, a medication-assisted therapy for opioid dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get this individual suboxone, stabilize him at the [emergency department], by that afternoon they can be in a treatment program,” Mason says, “All in the context of a 911 incident.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years San Francisco has championed a harm-reduction public health approach to lowering drug deaths and injury. The city, known for its relative tolerance of illicit drug use, was a trailblazer of clean syringe access and distribution of life-saving naloxone kits, as well as boosting access to the treatment drugs methadone and buprenorphine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when fentanyl hit hard here starting a few years ago, the overdose crisis spiraled and the city was forced to rethink its approach. Free Narcan and syringes weren’t enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If fentanyl is in the drugs that you’re using, your risk of overdose triples,” Capt. Mason says, adding that the drug is now tainting most every street narcotic here: meth, cocaine, heroin and fake opioid pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1228px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895039 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3.jpg\" alt=\"A person knocks on the front door of an apartment on the second, outdoor floor of a multistory building.\" width=\"1228\" height=\"920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3.jpg 1228w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1228px) 100vw, 1228px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Department of Public Health nurses with the city’s new mobile outreach teams say following up with people who’ve recently survived a drug overdose is a key part of the program. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Surviving an overdose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pandemic isolation and lockdowns — people using alone with no one to administer life-saving Narcan — only partially explain the historic rise in overdose deaths here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/resource/2020/ocme-accidental-overdose-reports\">drug death rate, in fact, had been trending higher\u003c/a> well before that, city medical examiner data show. In mid-2018 the numbers began to skyrocket, reaching 441 deaths in 2019. And in 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/data/covid-19-cases-and-deaths#total-cases-and-deaths\">a whopping 712 people fatally overdosed\u003c/a>, more than double the number of people here who died from COVID-19 during that same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of those deaths — almost three-quarters —involved fentanyl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death toll would have been even higher if not for \u003ca href=\"https://harmreduction.org/our-work/action/dope-project-san-francisco/\">the wide availability of Narcan here\u003c/a>. Well over 3,000 people said they used Narcan in the city in 2020, a self-reported figure. Officials say the real figure is probably far higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health and fire department officials here, Mason says, noticed something else important: Almost half of all who died of an overdose were treated or revived by a paramedic crew in the days or weeks before their deaths, a big signal they were headed for repeat trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Surviving a nonfatal overdose is one of the best predictors of future mortality. Anyone who survives a nonfatal overdose is a huge red flag for us, and that is what this program is about,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key goal is trying to bring the clinic to the patients: rapid, face-to-face follow-up outreach on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We go out, we look for them, we say, ‘Hey, let’s talk about yesterday,'” says city health department nurse practitioner Kevin Lagor, as he drives through the Tenderloin neighborhood, where many of his clients live. He’s a program lead with SORT’s outreach arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to reach back out within 24 to 72 hours of an overdose to try to assist the person with everything from housing to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That could be providing medical care to address their mental illness. Maybe they’re out of their meds, or maybe they want to start something to address their substance use disorder,” he says. “Just kind of, basically, meeting them where they are and seeing what they need and how we can help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to meet them where they are, the nurse teams first have to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a huge challenge. Many of them are unhoused, living in tents on the street or in and out of shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overdose and substance use disorder crisis is directly linked to the city’s epic struggles with homelessness and related challenges including mental illness. Almost 30% of all overdose deaths here are among people experiencing homelessness or people “with no fixed address.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/19/924146486/removing-cops-from-behavioral-crisis-calls-we-need-to-change-the-model\">SORT collaborates closely with the city’s other programs\u003c/a>, including street medicine and new mental health and homeless street crisis response units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1224px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895030 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in the middle of a crosswalk looking up the street and at a row of tents on each sidewalk.\" width=\"1224\" height=\"918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5.jpg 1224w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1224px) 100vw, 1224px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People live in tents that line a side street in the Tenderloin District. More than 40% of all drug overdoses are in the Tenderloin and neighboring SoMa districts, according to city data. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City data shows that men were almost four times more likely to die of an accidental overdose than women. And unhoused people, older San Franciscans and communities of color were disproportionately affected by the death rate: Almost a quarter of all overdose deaths were among Black San Franciscans, who make up just under 6% of the city’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40% of all overdose deaths in the last year have been concentrated in two neighborhoods: the South of Market area and the Tenderloin, according to data from the city and county chief medical examiner’s office. Those areas make up just 7% of the city’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While drug deaths hit every sector of society, many who overdosed were found in city-funded hotel rooms for unhoused residents and in apartment buildings for those with low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to remember that this is a social crisis at the intersection, particularly in San Francisco, of a housing crisis, of a mental health crisis, of people living at the margins of society,” says Dr. Dan Ciccarone, a professor and researcher at University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Open-air drug use and dealing in the Tenderloin, an area long challenged by poverty, homelessness and addiction crises, has only worsened during the pandemic. It’s common, day or night, to see people smoking or shooting up opioids or nodding out from drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One 32-year-old man named Neil (we’re not using his last name because of the stigma of addiction) says he’s been living on the streets, mainly in the Tenderloin, for three years now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he uses fentanyl “to take the edge off” of his depression and chronic stomach pain. He occasionally sells drugs, he says, to get money to support his habit. He soon crushes a small amount of fentanyl into a piece of tinfoil and begins to smoke the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895055\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1229px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895055 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6.jpg\" alt=\"Two people wearing face masks stand outside a white van parked alongside a mural as they look through papers and plastic bags in their hands. It looks like early morning.\" width=\"1229\" height=\"921\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1229px) 100vw, 1229px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City public health department nurses Kevin Lagor and Louise Bisby, part of new mobile outreach teams, get supplies out of their SUV to bring to people who have recently survived a drug overdose. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Follow-up work by nurses is full of challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, nurse Lagor has half a dozen clients listed on his clipboard. He can’t find a single person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’ll just kind of keep following up with the staff at the shelter,” he says in the lobby of one facility, having been unable to find a client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same happens at a makeshift tent encampment behind a local Best Buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside another shelter, Lagor and his team strike out again trying to find a young man they thought they were making progress with. They’d recently written him a prescription for a supply of buprenorphine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hasn’t been here in a couple of days,” Lagor says, disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bad sign. Sometimes folks disappear for a couple days and then resurface,” he says. “Then they disappear, or it just falls apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it all falls apart, it can hit Lagor and the rest of his team hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a lot of death and they’re not strangers. You know, we’ve had a couple of deaths this week and we’ve, we shed tears together,” Lagor says. “It’s hard not to care about someone when you’re really trying to help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addiction and public health experts say these mobile, nonpolice teams mark a much-needed pivot for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s bold and it’s innovative. I like it,” says Ciccarone, a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco and a leading expert on drug use, people who use drugs and heroin. “We need to bring in some innovations here because fentanyl is a wild card and it has caught us all by surprise. That’s what we need to do in a crisis situation: Think creatively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ciccarone cautions that the ravages of fentanyl and its complex stew of related challenges mean the city needs to scale up this new street overdose response program and continue to try to break down obstacles to treatment that include bureaucratic silos, turf battles and funding woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely not enough,” he says. “We have to make sure that harm reduction is adequately funded, that our mental health system, our substance treatment system, our housing systems are adequately funded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, just two months since the program’s launch, 10% of those encountered by the SORT teams who’ve overdosed are now getting medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. That includes buprenorphine or suboxone in collaboration with city’s street medicine nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud of that number,” Capt. Mason says, “and I very much look forward to increasing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get that number even higher, the fire department has applied to the state EMS agency to allow paramedics to more easily administer and prescribe those treatment drugs directly in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a recent slight drop in monthly fatalities the city looks to end 2021 with \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/2021%2010_OCME%20Overdose%20Report.pdf\">more than 700 overdose deaths for the second year in a row.\u003c/a> Unfortunately, Kunins, the city’s director of behavioral health services, says San Francisco is “on track to continue this really tragic loss of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1224px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895040 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8.jpg\" alt=\"A uniformed man in black pants, black boots, and a white short-sleeved shirt with a red-and-yellow insignia sewn on the sleeve opens the back door of an ambulance parked in the middle of a street.\" width=\"1224\" height=\"918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8.jpg 1224w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1224px) 100vw, 1224px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Department Capt. Michael Mason with the city’s Street Overdose Response Team arrives at the scene of a reported drug overdose in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Paramedics on the team look for small victories\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back on the street, another call comes in from the 911 dispatcher for a possible overdose. A middle-aged woman has been found slumped over in a McDonald’s bathroom across town in the Fillmore district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capt. Mason’s occasional staccato siren squawks aren’t working on a handful of drivers and pedestrians in heavy rush-hour traffic. So he hits his lights and sirens full bore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrive, the woman tells the paramedics she has relapsed after several months of sobriety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heroin she bought, Mason says, was likely laced with fentanyl. Narcan saved her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the ambulance, Mason says, the woman handed paramedics a crumpled, greasy brown fast-food bag and asked that they get rid of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were some clean syringes in there and what appeared to be small bags of heroin,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason finds out she was already part of a medication-assisted treatment program using suboxone. He says she told them that she wants to get sober again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was feeling extreme shame from experiencing a relapse,” he says. “Substance use disorder impacts millions of Americans. There’s no shame in having a relapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes she restarts her suboxone treatment quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As for today,” Mason says, “and as for surrendering those items and requesting they be disposed of, my hat’s off to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paramedics and nurses involved in this pilot project are dedicated to this difficult work. But all say working across multiple city agencies, treatment centers, health providers and nonprofits can be exhausting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s complicated,” Mason says with a sigh, “it takes work from dozens of folks in a single encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does he handle the strain of 12-hour shifts filled racing from overdose to overdose, including to some who seemingly don’t want help and others who don’t survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For my own mental health, I have to kind of remain an optimistic warrior,” he says, driving his fire department pickup through rush hour traffic. “There’s a quote in the Talmud that says — I won’t get it exactly right — but essentially says, ‘You don’t have to end this work, but you do have to start it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Facing an unprecedented increase in overdose deaths, specifically due to fentanyl, emergency response teams in San Francisco are working together to offer a broad range of support directly following an overdose.",
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"title": "San Francisco's Street Overdose Response Team Is Trying to Bring Clinical Care to the Streets | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a sun-filled, fall day and Nicholas is strapped to an ambulance gurney near 8th and Market streets in downtown San Francisco, dazed and barely conscious. Plastic IV tubes snake around his left hand where L-O-V-E is tattooed just below his knuckles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nicholas, try to wake up a little bit for me, come on,” paramedic Paula Fartash coaxes, as she unsuccessfully tries to rouse him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas (we’re not using his last name because of the stigma of addiction) tells Fartash that when he started getting high in nearby U.N. Plaza park, he assumed he was smoking his drug of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This gentleman thought that he was doing meth,” the veteran San Francisco Fire Department paramedic says. “And turned out he was actually doing fentanyl as well,” the synthetic opioid many times more powerful than heroin. “So he walked over to someone and they gave him some Narcan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the brand name for naloxone, the emergency nasal spray drug used to try to reverse an otherwise potentially fatal overdose. That someone who administered a life-saving antidote was a nearby volunteer and street cleaner carrying Narcan, \u003ca href=\"https://harmreduction.org/our-work/action/dope-project-san-francisco/\">part of a city-supported program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895057\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1224px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895057 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9.jpg\" alt=\"The inside of an ambulance, where only the arm and tattooed hand and a bit of the torso of someone who is receiving care is visible. The person receiving care has many tattoos.\" width=\"1224\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9.jpg 1224w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-9-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1224px) 100vw, 1224px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man named Nicholas gets care in an ambulance after overdosing in San Francisco’s Civic Center. He told members of the emergency response team that when he started getting high, he assumed he was smoking meth. However, it turned out that he was unknowingly consuming fentanyl as well. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>San Francisco has among the highest per capita drug overdose death rates of any city in the U.S.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Faced with a stunning rise in drug overdose deaths the last few years, the vast majority tied to fentanyl, San Francisco has launched mobile teams made up of paramedics and nurses. The new Street Overdose Response Team (SORT), a collaboration between the city’s health and fire departments, aims to deliver a broad range of support and care directly following an overdose.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Fentanyl is a game changer,” \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-announces-new-director-behavioral-health-services-and-mental-health-sf\">Dr. Hillary Kunins\u003c/a>, the city’s director of behavioral and mental health services, says of the opioid that’s 80 to 100 times stronger than morphine. “It requires a new way of thinking and resourcing.” It also, she says, “requires people to learn to work across disciplines and sometimes across organizations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kunins previously led New York City’s response to its overdose and substance abuse crisis. She concedes they aren’t sure what combination of tools, ultimately, will work best here to not only reduce fentanyl- and other drug-related deaths but also to boost treatment success rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the street overdose pilot project is part of a broad and ambitious strategy of interventions across city agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no single approach that’s going to solve this complex problem,” Kunins says. “What’s exciting and important about the work is that it is really part of a movement across the country to rethink how we address people who are at risk of overdose, who have ongoing other challenges: mental health, housing, food. And we must do this work to scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Fentanyl forced city officials to change how they approached harm reduction\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Capt. Michael Mason, a paramedic, is the fire department’s point person on the new program. As he races to the call for Nicholas’s overdose, he’s simultaneously coordinating with other paramedics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So starting directly at the scene of this overdose, we can start trying to direct this guy’s care in the best direction possible,” Mason says.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That direct engagement could include helping to find a shelter bed, reaching out to friends or a doctor, helping with food or, most importantly, seeing if a person wants to start treatment with buprenorphine or suboxone, a medication-assisted therapy for opioid dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get this individual suboxone, stabilize him at the [emergency department], by that afternoon they can be in a treatment program,” Mason says, “All in the context of a 911 incident.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years San Francisco has championed a harm-reduction public health approach to lowering drug deaths and injury. The city, known for its relative tolerance of illicit drug use, was a trailblazer of clean syringe access and distribution of life-saving naloxone kits, as well as boosting access to the treatment drugs methadone and buprenorphine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when fentanyl hit hard here starting a few years ago, the overdose crisis spiraled and the city was forced to rethink its approach. Free Narcan and syringes weren’t enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If fentanyl is in the drugs that you’re using, your risk of overdose triples,” Capt. Mason says, adding that the drug is now tainting most every street narcotic here: meth, cocaine, heroin and fake opioid pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1228px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895039 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3.jpg\" alt=\"A person knocks on the front door of an apartment on the second, outdoor floor of a multistory building.\" width=\"1228\" height=\"920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3.jpg 1228w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-3-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1228px) 100vw, 1228px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Department of Public Health nurses with the city’s new mobile outreach teams say following up with people who’ve recently survived a drug overdose is a key part of the program. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Surviving an overdose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pandemic isolation and lockdowns — people using alone with no one to administer life-saving Narcan — only partially explain the historic rise in overdose deaths here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/resource/2020/ocme-accidental-overdose-reports\">drug death rate, in fact, had been trending higher\u003c/a> well before that, city medical examiner data show. In mid-2018 the numbers began to skyrocket, reaching 441 deaths in 2019. And in 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/data/covid-19-cases-and-deaths#total-cases-and-deaths\">a whopping 712 people fatally overdosed\u003c/a>, more than double the number of people here who died from COVID-19 during that same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of those deaths — almost three-quarters —involved fentanyl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The death toll would have been even higher if not for \u003ca href=\"https://harmreduction.org/our-work/action/dope-project-san-francisco/\">the wide availability of Narcan here\u003c/a>. Well over 3,000 people said they used Narcan in the city in 2020, a self-reported figure. Officials say the real figure is probably far higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health and fire department officials here, Mason says, noticed something else important: Almost half of all who died of an overdose were treated or revived by a paramedic crew in the days or weeks before their deaths, a big signal they were headed for repeat trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Surviving a nonfatal overdose is one of the best predictors of future mortality. Anyone who survives a nonfatal overdose is a huge red flag for us, and that is what this program is about,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key goal is trying to bring the clinic to the patients: rapid, face-to-face follow-up outreach on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We go out, we look for them, we say, ‘Hey, let’s talk about yesterday,'” says city health department nurse practitioner Kevin Lagor, as he drives through the Tenderloin neighborhood, where many of his clients live. He’s a program lead with SORT’s outreach arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to reach back out within 24 to 72 hours of an overdose to try to assist the person with everything from housing to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That could be providing medical care to address their mental illness. Maybe they’re out of their meds, or maybe they want to start something to address their substance use disorder,” he says. “Just kind of, basically, meeting them where they are and seeing what they need and how we can help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to meet them where they are, the nurse teams first have to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a huge challenge. Many of them are unhoused, living in tents on the street or in and out of shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overdose and substance use disorder crisis is directly linked to the city’s epic struggles with homelessness and related challenges including mental illness. Almost 30% of all overdose deaths here are among people experiencing homelessness or people “with no fixed address.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/19/924146486/removing-cops-from-behavioral-crisis-calls-we-need-to-change-the-model\">SORT collaborates closely with the city’s other programs\u003c/a>, including street medicine and new mental health and homeless street crisis response units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1224px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895030 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5.jpg\" alt=\"A person stands in the middle of a crosswalk looking up the street and at a row of tents on each sidewalk.\" width=\"1224\" height=\"918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5.jpg 1224w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-5-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1224px) 100vw, 1224px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People live in tents that line a side street in the Tenderloin District. More than 40% of all drug overdoses are in the Tenderloin and neighboring SoMa districts, according to city data. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City data shows that men were almost four times more likely to die of an accidental overdose than women. And unhoused people, older San Franciscans and communities of color were disproportionately affected by the death rate: Almost a quarter of all overdose deaths were among Black San Franciscans, who make up just under 6% of the city’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40% of all overdose deaths in the last year have been concentrated in two neighborhoods: the South of Market area and the Tenderloin, according to data from the city and county chief medical examiner’s office. Those areas make up just 7% of the city’s population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While drug deaths hit every sector of society, many who overdosed were found in city-funded hotel rooms for unhoused residents and in apartment buildings for those with low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to remember that this is a social crisis at the intersection, particularly in San Francisco, of a housing crisis, of a mental health crisis, of people living at the margins of society,” says Dr. Dan Ciccarone, a professor and researcher at University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Open-air drug use and dealing in the Tenderloin, an area long challenged by poverty, homelessness and addiction crises, has only worsened during the pandemic. It’s common, day or night, to see people smoking or shooting up opioids or nodding out from drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One 32-year-old man named Neil (we’re not using his last name because of the stigma of addiction) says he’s been living on the streets, mainly in the Tenderloin, for three years now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he uses fentanyl “to take the edge off” of his depression and chronic stomach pain. He occasionally sells drugs, he says, to get money to support his habit. He soon crushes a small amount of fentanyl into a piece of tinfoil and begins to smoke the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895055\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1229px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895055 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6.jpg\" alt=\"Two people wearing face masks stand outside a white van parked alongside a mural as they look through papers and plastic bags in their hands. It looks like early morning.\" width=\"1229\" height=\"921\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-6-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1229px) 100vw, 1229px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City public health department nurses Kevin Lagor and Louise Bisby, part of new mobile outreach teams, get supplies out of their SUV to bring to people who have recently survived a drug overdose. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Follow-up work by nurses is full of challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, nurse Lagor has half a dozen clients listed on his clipboard. He can’t find a single person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’ll just kind of keep following up with the staff at the shelter,” he says in the lobby of one facility, having been unable to find a client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same happens at a makeshift tent encampment behind a local Best Buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside another shelter, Lagor and his team strike out again trying to find a young man they thought they were making progress with. They’d recently written him a prescription for a supply of buprenorphine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hasn’t been here in a couple of days,” Lagor says, disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bad sign. Sometimes folks disappear for a couple days and then resurface,” he says. “Then they disappear, or it just falls apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it all falls apart, it can hit Lagor and the rest of his team hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a lot of death and they’re not strangers. You know, we’ve had a couple of deaths this week and we’ve, we shed tears together,” Lagor says. “It’s hard not to care about someone when you’re really trying to help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addiction and public health experts say these mobile, nonpolice teams mark a much-needed pivot for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s bold and it’s innovative. I like it,” says Ciccarone, a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco and a leading expert on drug use, people who use drugs and heroin. “We need to bring in some innovations here because fentanyl is a wild card and it has caught us all by surprise. That’s what we need to do in a crisis situation: Think creatively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ciccarone cautions that the ravages of fentanyl and its complex stew of related challenges mean the city needs to scale up this new street overdose response program and continue to try to break down obstacles to treatment that include bureaucratic silos, turf battles and funding woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely not enough,” he says. “We have to make sure that harm reduction is adequately funded, that our mental health system, our substance treatment system, our housing systems are adequately funded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, just two months since the program’s launch, 10% of those encountered by the SORT teams who’ve overdosed are now getting medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. That includes buprenorphine or suboxone in collaboration with city’s street medicine nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud of that number,” Capt. Mason says, “and I very much look forward to increasing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get that number even higher, the fire department has applied to the state EMS agency to allow paramedics to more easily administer and prescribe those treatment drugs directly in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a recent slight drop in monthly fatalities the city looks to end 2021 with \u003ca href=\"https://sf.gov/sites/default/files/2021-10/2021%2010_OCME%20Overdose%20Report.pdf\">more than 700 overdose deaths for the second year in a row.\u003c/a> Unfortunately, Kunins, the city’s director of behavioral health services, says San Francisco is “on track to continue this really tragic loss of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1224px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895040 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8.jpg\" alt=\"A uniformed man in black pants, black boots, and a white short-sleeved shirt with a red-and-yellow insignia sewn on the sleeve opens the back door of an ambulance parked in the middle of a street.\" width=\"1224\" height=\"918\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8.jpg 1224w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/NPR-fentanyl-8-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1224px) 100vw, 1224px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire Department Capt. Michael Mason with the city’s Street Overdose Response Team arrives at the scene of a reported drug overdose in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Rachel Bujalski for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Paramedics on the team look for small victories\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back on the street, another call comes in from the 911 dispatcher for a possible overdose. A middle-aged woman has been found slumped over in a McDonald’s bathroom across town in the Fillmore district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capt. Mason’s occasional staccato siren squawks aren’t working on a handful of drivers and pedestrians in heavy rush-hour traffic. So he hits his lights and sirens full bore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrive, the woman tells the paramedics she has relapsed after several months of sobriety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heroin she bought, Mason says, was likely laced with fentanyl. Narcan saved her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the ambulance, Mason says, the woman handed paramedics a crumpled, greasy brown fast-food bag and asked that they get rid of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were some clean syringes in there and what appeared to be small bags of heroin,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason finds out she was already part of a medication-assisted treatment program using suboxone. He says she told them that she wants to get sober again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was feeling extreme shame from experiencing a relapse,” he says. “Substance use disorder impacts millions of Americans. There’s no shame in having a relapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes she restarts her suboxone treatment quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As for today,” Mason says, “and as for surrendering those items and requesting they be disposed of, my hat’s off to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paramedics and nurses involved in this pilot project are dedicated to this difficult work. But all say working across multiple city agencies, treatment centers, health providers and nonprofits can be exhausting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s complicated,” Mason says with a sigh, “it takes work from dozens of folks in a single encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does he handle the strain of 12-hour shifts filled racing from overdose to overdose, including to some who seemingly don’t want help and others who don’t survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For my own mental health, I have to kind of remain an optimistic warrior,” he says, driving his fire department pickup through rush hour traffic. “There’s a quote in the Talmud that says — I won’t get it exactly right — but essentially says, ‘You don’t have to end this work, but you do have to start it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "satellites-are-becoming-a-part-of-californias-water-conservation-effort",
"title": "Satellites Are Becoming a Part of California's Water Conservation Strategy",
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"headTitle": "Satellites Are Becoming a Part of California’s Water Conservation Strategy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a new push to stop further depletion of California’s shrinking aquifers, state regulators are turning to technology once used to count Soviet missile silos during the Cold War: satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joel Kimmelshue, co-founder of Land IQ\"]‘The days of agricultural anonymity are over.’[/pullquote]Historically, California’s farmers could pump as much as they wanted from their wells. But as a consequence of that unrestricted use, the underground water table has sunk by hundreds of feet in some areas, and the state is now trying to stabilize those aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators need to calculate just how much water each farmer is using across California’s vast agricultural lands, and scientists and private companies are now offering a technique that uses images from orbiting satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The days of agricultural anonymity are over,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/joel-kimmelshue\">Joel Kimmelshue\u003c/a>, co-founder of the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/\">Land IQ\u003c/a>, which is helping to hone the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water surveillance got a big boost when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts\">California passed a law in 2014 that aims to protect the state’s aquifers\u003c/a>. It places limits on the amount of water that farmers are allowed to pump.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThere was a big problem: Local officials like Eric Limas weren’t sure how to enforce limits on water use. Limas is general manager of the Lower Tule River and Pixley irrigation districts, in Tulare County, where aquifers are among the most depleted in the entire state. He’s also in charge of a newly established groundwater sustainability agency for that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the first conversations that our groundwater committee tackled,” Limas says. “‘OK, how are we going to do that? Are we going to measure every molecule that’s pumped?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11891401\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer1-1020x679.jpg\"]Limas doesn’t even know exactly how many wells there are in his part of the county. Thousands of them are hidden away in the middle of cornfields and almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers weren’t inclined to help him out, especially in the first years after the law was passed. Limas recalls the initial reaction: “At first it’s like, ‘You’re crazy if you think you’re going to come on my place and … figure out how much I’m pumping. That’s my water.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Limas heard that researchers at California Polytechnic State University had developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.itrc.org/projects/metric.htm\">a way to estimate the amount of water used by agricultural crops from images recorded by NASA-operated satellites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ, meanwhile, was using that same technique — supplemented with stations on the ground — to collect data on field-by-field water use. It sounded like “Star Wars stuff,” Limas recalls. But it also sounded easier and cheaper than getting water meters installed on every well in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique involves several steps. The first is figuring out which crops are growing on each field. The satellite images, which are updated almost every week, contain clues: the shade of green, the spacing of vegetation, the time of year the field turns green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combining these clues, Kimmelshue says, produces a fingerprint of each crop. “We have a fingerprint for walnuts and a fingerprint for alfalfa, tomatoes and all these different crops,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892959 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg\" alt=\"Two maps side-by-side created by LandIQ. Both use a multi-color, grid system to describe different factors present in a small patch of land in the Central Valley: what crops are grown and how much water is being consumed.\" width=\"1342\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Land IQ uses data from a NASA satellite to determine which crops are growing on each field. The map on the left shows one small part of California’s Central Valley. The darkest green areas are almond groves. The map on the right shows “evapotranspiration” (water used by crops or evaporated from soil) in the region during June 2020. Some fields (shown in dark blue) consumed 8 inches of water. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of LandIQ)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 4% of the time, Kimmelshue says, there’s a case of mistaken identity. “We might confuse almonds for peaches,” he says. “But a peach tree and an almond tree have similar water needs” so the estimate of water use still ends up being quite accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each crop, at a particular point in its life cycle, takes up a predictable amount of water and releases it through its leaves, depending on local weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ has set up local monitoring stations to keep track of things like wind speed, heat and humidity, at hundreds of locations. Putting it all together, the company calculates the amount of “evapotranspiration” — the amount of water that the plants are releasing to the air, as well as what’s evaporating from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg\"]That’s different from the amount that farmers are pumping because some irrigation water that’s pumped from the aquifer sinks back into the earth. Because of this, Kimmelshue has convinced officials like Limas that it’s more important to regulate water consumption, in the form of evapotranspiration, rather than water pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now selling that data to more than a dozen groundwater regulatory agencies, including the ones that Eric Limas manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limas and his colleagues can monitor how much water is consumed by every farmer, field by field, and show farmers how that compares with their legal allotment under the new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of guys are going in and looking at their water budgets and saying, ‘Oh, yeah, we don’t have enough water to plant that summer crop,'” Limas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how the process is supposed to work. Farming practices are supposed to change to conserve aquifer water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Climate Coverage' tag='climate']Some officials worry that it won’t go so smoothly when limits on groundwater use get tighter over the next two decades, while others are predicting court battles over whether the satellite-based technique is accurate. Some farmers say that regulators ultimately may shift to using data from water meters that are installed on every well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, the technique is growing more popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, a coalition of scientists, NASA and environmental groups like the Environmental Defense Fund plans to launch a new version of space-based water monitoring. This one is called OpenET (“ET” refers to evapotranspiration). It will estimate water use in agricultural areas across much of the western United States, and make it available on the web for anyone to see.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a new push to stop further depletion of California’s shrinking aquifers, state regulators are turning to technology once used to count Soviet missile silos during the Cold War: satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Historically, California’s farmers could pump as much as they wanted from their wells. But as a consequence of that unrestricted use, the underground water table has sunk by hundreds of feet in some areas, and the state is now trying to stabilize those aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators need to calculate just how much water each farmer is using across California’s vast agricultural lands, and scientists and private companies are now offering a technique that uses images from orbiting satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The days of agricultural anonymity are over,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/joel-kimmelshue\">Joel Kimmelshue\u003c/a>, co-founder of the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/\">Land IQ\u003c/a>, which is helping to hone the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water surveillance got a big boost when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts\">California passed a law in 2014 that aims to protect the state’s aquifers\u003c/a>. It places limits on the amount of water that farmers are allowed to pump.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThere was a big problem: Local officials like Eric Limas weren’t sure how to enforce limits on water use. Limas is general manager of the Lower Tule River and Pixley irrigation districts, in Tulare County, where aquifers are among the most depleted in the entire state. He’s also in charge of a newly established groundwater sustainability agency for that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the first conversations that our groundwater committee tackled,” Limas says. “‘OK, how are we going to do that? Are we going to measure every molecule that’s pumped?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Limas doesn’t even know exactly how many wells there are in his part of the county. Thousands of them are hidden away in the middle of cornfields and almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers weren’t inclined to help him out, especially in the first years after the law was passed. Limas recalls the initial reaction: “At first it’s like, ‘You’re crazy if you think you’re going to come on my place and … figure out how much I’m pumping. That’s my water.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Limas heard that researchers at California Polytechnic State University had developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.itrc.org/projects/metric.htm\">a way to estimate the amount of water used by agricultural crops from images recorded by NASA-operated satellites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ, meanwhile, was using that same technique — supplemented with stations on the ground — to collect data on field-by-field water use. It sounded like “Star Wars stuff,” Limas recalls. But it also sounded easier and cheaper than getting water meters installed on every well in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique involves several steps. The first is figuring out which crops are growing on each field. The satellite images, which are updated almost every week, contain clues: the shade of green, the spacing of vegetation, the time of year the field turns green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combining these clues, Kimmelshue says, produces a fingerprint of each crop. “We have a fingerprint for walnuts and a fingerprint for alfalfa, tomatoes and all these different crops,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892959 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg\" alt=\"Two maps side-by-side created by LandIQ. Both use a multi-color, grid system to describe different factors present in a small patch of land in the Central Valley: what crops are grown and how much water is being consumed.\" width=\"1342\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Land IQ uses data from a NASA satellite to determine which crops are growing on each field. The map on the left shows one small part of California’s Central Valley. The darkest green areas are almond groves. The map on the right shows “evapotranspiration” (water used by crops or evaporated from soil) in the region during June 2020. Some fields (shown in dark blue) consumed 8 inches of water. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of LandIQ)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 4% of the time, Kimmelshue says, there’s a case of mistaken identity. “We might confuse almonds for peaches,” he says. “But a peach tree and an almond tree have similar water needs” so the estimate of water use still ends up being quite accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each crop, at a particular point in its life cycle, takes up a predictable amount of water and releases it through its leaves, depending on local weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ has set up local monitoring stations to keep track of things like wind speed, heat and humidity, at hundreds of locations. Putting it all together, the company calculates the amount of “evapotranspiration” — the amount of water that the plants are releasing to the air, as well as what’s evaporating from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s different from the amount that farmers are pumping because some irrigation water that’s pumped from the aquifer sinks back into the earth. Because of this, Kimmelshue has convinced officials like Limas that it’s more important to regulate water consumption, in the form of evapotranspiration, rather than water pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now selling that data to more than a dozen groundwater regulatory agencies, including the ones that Eric Limas manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limas and his colleagues can monitor how much water is consumed by every farmer, field by field, and show farmers how that compares with their legal allotment under the new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of guys are going in and looking at their water budgets and saying, ‘Oh, yeah, we don’t have enough water to plant that summer crop,'” Limas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how the process is supposed to work. Farming practices are supposed to change to conserve aquifer water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some officials worry that it won’t go so smoothly when limits on groundwater use get tighter over the next two decades, while others are predicting court battles over whether the satellite-based technique is accurate. Some farmers say that regulators ultimately may shift to using data from water meters that are installed on every well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, the technique is growing more popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, a coalition of scientists, NASA and environmental groups like the Environmental Defense Fund plans to launch a new version of space-based water monitoring. This one is called OpenET (“ET” refers to evapotranspiration). It will estimate water use in agricultural areas across much of the western United States, and make it available on the web for anyone to see.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court has ruled in favor of police officers in two cases involving qualified immunity, the controversial legal doctrine that protects police officers accused of misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases — one involving a police officer from Union City and the other three cops from Oklahoma — the officers have been accused of using excessive force when responding to domestic disturbances. In the case from Union City, officers used beanbag rounds and a knee on the suspect’s back to subdue him; in the second, officers shot and killed the suspect after he approached them while raising a hammer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both decisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/101821zor_4f14.pdf\">the court issued Monday were unsigned\u003c/a>. No justices dissented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Qualified immunity refers to a series of legal precedents that protect government officials — including police officers — accused of violating constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To win a civil suit against a police officer, complainants must show that the officer violated “clearly established law,” most often by pointing to factually similar previous cases. Otherwise, officers are protected from liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right']In practice, the doctrine has shielded officers from liability in hundreds of civil cases, even when accused of destroying property, killing innocent people they mistook for suspects or stealing thousands of dollars.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police advocates say that qualified immunity is necessary so that police officers can do their often-dangerous jobs without fear of frivolous lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those in favor of criminal justice reform say the doctrine has essentially created a catch-22, where officers are shielded from liability even in cases where it appears they violated civil rights — yet because no identical previous case already exists, the officers are protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In practice, the doctrine has shielded officers from liability in hundreds of civil cases, even when accused of destroying property, killing innocent people they mistook for suspects or stealing thousands of dollars.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Overturning the lower courts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In November 2016, Daniel Rivas-Villegas, a police officer in Union City, responded to a 911 call from a 12-year-old girl who, along with her mother and 15-year-old sister, had barricaded herself inside a room to hide from her mother’s boyfriend, Ramon Cortesluna, who was reportedly using a chain saw to destroy things in the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When officers arrived and confronted Cortesluna, they discovered he was carrying a knife. Another officer fired two nonlethal beanbag rounds at Cortesluna, after which he followed police orders to lie down. Rivas-Villegas knelt on Cortesluna’s back and held up his arms as another officer retrieved the knife. After the incident, Cortesluna sued over use of excessive force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals found that Rivas-Villegas was not entitled to qualified immunity, citing similarities to a previous case called LaLonde v. the County of Riverside, in which two police officers were denied qualified immunity after kneeling on a facedown unresisting suspect named John LaLonde.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in reversing the appeals court’s decision, the Supreme Court said several other factors set the two incidents apart: The officers in LaLonde were responding to a noise complaint, not a domestic violence emergency; LaLonde was unarmed, while Cortesluna was carrying a knife; and Rivas-Villegas had knelt on Cortesluna for only eight seconds as officers retrieved the knife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='police-reform']In the second case, three police officers in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, responded to an emergency call from a woman whose ex-husband, Dominic Rollice, was drunk and refusing to leave her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers confronted Rollice in the garage, where he grabbed a hammer. The officers drew their guns and yelled for Rollice to drop it. Instead, Rollice moved toward them and raised the hammer higher; two officers shot and killed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lower court found that the Tahlequah officers had violated Rollice’s Fourth Amendment rights when they “recklessly created the situation that led to the fatal shooting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court reversed the court’s decision, saying “not one” of the cases cited by the lower court “comes close to establishing that the officers’ conduct was unlawful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>For progressive legislators, an uphill battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Clarence Thomas — among the court’s most liberal and most conservative members, respectively — previously have criticized qualified immunity, though neither issued a dissent Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional Democrats have made multiple attempts in recent years to limit qualified immunity, though none has yet been successful. The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, which passed the House, would have restricted the defense, but negotiations over a compromise bill petered out earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By shielding police officers from accountability, qualified immunity encourages more police violence against Black and Brown people,” said Sen. Ed Markey of Massachusetts, a co-sponsor of a stand-alone Senate bill that would end qualified immunity, on Twitter after Monday’s ruling.\u003cbr>\nhttps://twitter.com/SenMarkey/status/1450127109196816388\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the second case, three police officers in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, responded to an emergency call from a woman whose ex-husband, Dominic Rollice, was drunk and refusing to leave her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers confronted Rollice in the garage, where he grabbed a hammer. The officers drew their guns and yelled for Rollice to drop it. Instead, Rollice moved toward them and raised the hammer higher; two officers shot and killed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lower court found that the Tahlequah officers had violated Rollice’s Fourth Amendment rights when they “recklessly created the situation that led to the fatal shooting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court reversed the court’s decision, saying “not one” of the cases cited by the lower court “comes close to establishing that the officers’ conduct was unlawful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>For progressive legislators, an uphill battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Clarence Thomas — among the court’s most liberal and most conservative members, respectively — previously have criticized qualified immunity, though neither issued a dissent Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional Democrats have made multiple attempts in recent years to limit qualified immunity, though none has yet been successful. The George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, which passed the House, would have restricted the defense, but negotiations over a compromise bill petered out earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By shielding police officers from accountability, qualified immunity encourages more police violence against Black and Brown people,” said Sen. Ed Markey of Massachusetts, a co-sponsor of a stand-alone Senate bill that would end qualified immunity, on Twitter after Monday’s ruling.\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Conventional wisdom says that if you’re vaccinated and you get a breakthrough infection with the coronavirus, you can transmit that infection to someone else and make that person sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new evidence suggests that even though that may happen on occasion, breakthrough infections might not represent the threat to others that scientists originally thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross Kedl, an immunologist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, will point out to anyone who cares to listen that basic immunology suggests the virus of a vaccinated person who gets infected will be different from the virus of an infected unvaccinated person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because vaccinated people have already made antibodies to the coronavirus. Even if those antibodies don’t prevent infection, they still “should be coating that virus with antibody and therefore helping prevent excessive downstream transmission,” Kedl says. And a virus coated with antibodies won’t be as infectious as a virus not coated in antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892099\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892099 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a table in the corner of a high-ceilinged room, beyond some chairs for waiting.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pharmacist fills a syringe with the Pfizer COVID-19 booster vaccination at a vaccination booster shot clinic on Oct. 1, 2021, in San Rafael. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Not enough evidence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Provincetown, Mass., this summer, a lot of vaccinated people got infected with the coronavirus, leading many to assume that this was an example of vaccinated people with breakthrough infections giving their infection to other vaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kedl isn’t convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In all these cases where you have these big breakthrough infections, there’s always unvaccinated people in the room,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ross Kedl, University of Colorado School of Medicine\"]‘In all these cases where you have these big breakthrough infections, there’s always unvaccinated people in the room.’[/pullquote]In a recent Israeli study of breakthrough infections among health care workers, the researchers report that in “all 37 case patients for whom data were available regarding the source of infection, the suspected source was an unvaccinated person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to prove that an infected vaccinated person actually was responsible for transmitting their infection to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen no one report actually trying to trace whether or not the people who were vaccinated who got infected are downstream — and certainly only could be downstream — of another vaccinated person,” Kedl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s new laboratory evidence supporting Kedl’s supposition. Initially, most vaccine experts predicted that mRNA vaccines like the ones made by Pfizer and Moderna that are injected into someone’s arm muscle would generate only the kinds of antibodies that circulate throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that might not be the whole story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what was the big surprise here is that the mRNA vaccines are going beyond that,” says Michal Caspi Tal, until recently an instructor at Stanford University’s Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and now a visiting scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Tal has found is that in addition to the circulating antibodies, there was a surprisingly large amount of antibodies in mucosal membranes in the nose and mouth, two of the primary entry points for the coronavirus.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“We’re not sitting ducks”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immunologist Jennifer Gommerman of the University of Toronto found this as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first example where we can show that a local mucosal immune response is made, even though the person got the vaccine in an intramuscular delivery,” Gommerman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there are antibodies in the mucosal membranes, they would likely be coating any virus that got into the nose or throat. So any virus that was exhaled by a sneeze or a cough would likely be less infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gommerman says that until now, it seemed likely that a vaccine that was delivered directly to the mucosal tissue was the only way to generate antibodies in the nose or throat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously a mucosal vaccination would be great, too. But at least we’re not sitting ducks,” Gommerman says. “Otherwise everyone would be getting breakthrough infection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies by Gommerman and Tal have yet to undergo peer review, and some already have suggested that the antibodies they have described may not confer true mucosal immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s other evidence that a vaccinated person’s breakthrough infection may not transmit efficiently to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Pepper, an immunologist at the University of Washington, says a recent study from the Netherlands looked at how well virus from vaccinated people could infect cells in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepper says the answer was not well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you actually isolate virus from people who are getting a secondary infection after being vaccinated, that virus is less good at infecting cells,” Pepper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Coverage' tag='coronavirus']“It’s not known why. Is it covered with an antibody? Maybe,” she said. “Has it been hit by some other kind of immune mediators, cytokines, things like that? Maybe. Nobody really knows. But the virus does seem to be less viable coming from a vaccinated person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More studies are emerging that suggest there’s something different about the virus coming from a vaccinated person, something that may help prevent transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever it is, the University of Colorado’s Kedl says it’s one more reason that getting vaccinated is a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because you’re going to be even more protected yourself. And you’re going to be better off protecting other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kedl says that’s what you call a win-win situation.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Conventional wisdom says that if you’re vaccinated and you get a breakthrough infection with the coronavirus, you can transmit that infection to someone else and make that person sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new evidence suggests that even though that may happen on occasion, breakthrough infections might not represent the threat to others that scientists originally thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross Kedl, an immunologist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, will point out to anyone who cares to listen that basic immunology suggests the virus of a vaccinated person who gets infected will be different from the virus of an infected unvaccinated person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because vaccinated people have already made antibodies to the coronavirus. Even if those antibodies don’t prevent infection, they still “should be coating that virus with antibody and therefore helping prevent excessive downstream transmission,” Kedl says. And a virus coated with antibodies won’t be as infectious as a virus not coated in antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892099\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892099 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a table in the corner of a high-ceilinged room, beyond some chairs for waiting.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344323368-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pharmacist fills a syringe with the Pfizer COVID-19 booster vaccination at a vaccination booster shot clinic on Oct. 1, 2021, in San Rafael. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Not enough evidence\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Provincetown, Mass., this summer, a lot of vaccinated people got infected with the coronavirus, leading many to assume that this was an example of vaccinated people with breakthrough infections giving their infection to other vaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kedl isn’t convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In all these cases where you have these big breakthrough infections, there’s always unvaccinated people in the room,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a recent Israeli study of breakthrough infections among health care workers, the researchers report that in “all 37 case patients for whom data were available regarding the source of infection, the suspected source was an unvaccinated person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to prove that an infected vaccinated person actually was responsible for transmitting their infection to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen no one report actually trying to trace whether or not the people who were vaccinated who got infected are downstream — and certainly only could be downstream — of another vaccinated person,” Kedl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s new laboratory evidence supporting Kedl’s supposition. Initially, most vaccine experts predicted that mRNA vaccines like the ones made by Pfizer and Moderna that are injected into someone’s arm muscle would generate only the kinds of antibodies that circulate throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that might not be the whole story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what was the big surprise here is that the mRNA vaccines are going beyond that,” says Michal Caspi Tal, until recently an instructor at Stanford University’s Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and now a visiting scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Tal has found is that in addition to the circulating antibodies, there was a surprisingly large amount of antibodies in mucosal membranes in the nose and mouth, two of the primary entry points for the coronavirus.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“We’re not sitting ducks”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immunologist Jennifer Gommerman of the University of Toronto found this as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first example where we can show that a local mucosal immune response is made, even though the person got the vaccine in an intramuscular delivery,” Gommerman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there are antibodies in the mucosal membranes, they would likely be coating any virus that got into the nose or throat. So any virus that was exhaled by a sneeze or a cough would likely be less infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gommerman says that until now, it seemed likely that a vaccine that was delivered directly to the mucosal tissue was the only way to generate antibodies in the nose or throat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously a mucosal vaccination would be great, too. But at least we’re not sitting ducks,” Gommerman says. “Otherwise everyone would be getting breakthrough infection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These studies by Gommerman and Tal have yet to undergo peer review, and some already have suggested that the antibodies they have described may not confer true mucosal immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s other evidence that a vaccinated person’s breakthrough infection may not transmit efficiently to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Pepper, an immunologist at the University of Washington, says a recent study from the Netherlands looked at how well virus from vaccinated people could infect cells in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepper says the answer was not well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you actually isolate virus from people who are getting a secondary infection after being vaccinated, that virus is less good at infecting cells,” Pepper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California just became the first state in the U.S. to outlaw “stealthing,” a slang term for the nonconsensual removal of a condom during sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB453\">AB 453\u003c/a>, signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday, makes it a civil offense under state law for someone to remove a condom without their sexual partner’s consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a majority of the people, it’s like, yeah, it makes sense that this is immoral and it should be illegal,” State Assemblymember Cristina Garcia (D-Downey), who sponsored \u003ca href=\"https://a58.asmdc.org/sites/a58.asmdc.org/files/2021-09/Stealthing%20Legislation%20to%20Governor.pdf\">the legislation\u003c/a>, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people told me, ‘I can’t believe it’s not already illegal,'” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California state Legislature had approved the measure without opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stealthing was a little-known phenomenon, but that’s changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Consent and stealthing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Garcia said she was motivated to write a bill to ban the practice after reading law student \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2954726\">Alexandra Brodsky’s law journal article on the topic in 2017\u003c/a>, which has since been credited with kick-starting a wider discussion on stealthing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brodsky, who is now a civil rights attorney and author of the book “Sexual Justice,” says few people were talking openly about nonconsensual condom removal at the time and that victims face additional scrutiny, because stealthing starts with consensual sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brodsky says nonconsensual condom removal is a violation in itself, but it also poses the risk of an unplanned pregnancy or the transmission of a sexually transmitted infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='sexual-assault']“The experience of realizing that your partner, your sexual partner, has no concern for your autonomy, your individual dignity, your right to make decisions about who you have sex with, when and how,” Brodsky told NPR, “that’s a terrible violation regardless of whether a physical injury occurs, regardless of whether a pregnancy occurs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6306234/\">2018 survey of patients at a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia\u003c/a>, found that 32% of women and 19% of men who have sex with men had experienced stealthing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pop culture has also cast a spotlight on nonconsensual condom removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/love-sex/sex/a9881458/stealthing-interview-highlights-consent-issues/\">plot line in the BBC show ‘I May Destroy You’\u003c/a> revolves around the main character, Arabella, having sex with a man who removes his condom during sex without her knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Arabella confronts him about it, he says he thought she could feel that he wasn’t wearing the condom anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Perpetrators now can be sued for stealthing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Stealthing won’t be a crime under California law but rather a civil offense, allowing people who experience it to sue the perpetrators directly in civil court if they choose to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Alexandra Brodsky, civil rights attorney\"]‘Civil litigation keeps decision-making in the hands of survivors.’[/pullquote]“Civil litigation keeps decision-making in the hands of survivors, which can be particularly important in the wake of sexual violence, which is itself a denial of the victim’s right to make decisions about their lives,” Brodsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a small percentage of sexual assault cases brought to police ever go to court, she added, and many victims may not want to involve law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of survivors who don’t want to see the person who hurt them in prison but really could use some help rebuilding their lives, paying for mental health care, paying off medical debt, being able to take some time off from work in order to heal,” Brodsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia, the California assemblymember, says she hopes the new law will lead to others like it — as well as a more nuanced understanding of the many kinds of sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do hope that other states follow,” she said. “I do hope that this elevates the discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Aaron Fukuda admits that the 15-acre sunken field behind his office doesn’t look like much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s basically a big, wide hole in the ground behind the headquarters of the Tulare Irrigation District in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">southern part of the Central Valley\u003c/a>. But “for a water resources nerd like myself, it’s a sexy, sexy piece of infrastructure,” says Fukuda, the district’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earthen basin could be the key to survival for an agricultural community that delivers huge quantities of vegetables, fruit and nuts to the rest of the country — but is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers\">running short of water\u003c/a>. The basin just needs California’s rivers to rise and flood it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rains come in the winter and swell the rivers, Fukuda and his colleagues open some gates and send water through irrigation canals to fill this basin and lots of others they’ve set up. That captured water will seep into the ground, eventually finding its way to a natural aquifer system hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891271\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1294px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891271 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron Fukuda stands in a dry and empty field, wearing reflective sunglasses and looking at the camera.\" width=\"1294\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg 1294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1294px) 100vw, 1294px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukuda believes that replenishing underground aquifers is key for the future of agriculture in this part of the Central Valley. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” he says. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">Water underground has become a scarce and regulated asset\u003c/a> in the state. Farmers have pumped so much water from aquifers in this part of California that they’ve become depleted, threatening water supplies for agriculture and communities that depend on wells for their household water. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, or SGMA, passed in 2014 is just now taking effect and it strictly limits the amount that farmers can pump from those aquifers, and those limits could put some farmers out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water-capturing basins like this one, however, offer farmers a way to survive. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">new law treats the underground aquifer like a bank account\u003c/a>. If farmers deposit water into that account when water is plentiful, they can draw more water out when they need it, in years of drought. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891272\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1455px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a dress shirt, jeans, and a baseball cap bends over to look at a row of grapes growing in an agricultural field.\" width=\"1455\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Reiter, an adviser to several agricultural companies, checks out a vineyard that the owner could convert into a site to capture and store water. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Floods are going from nuisance to lifeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the past, many Californians considered the winter floods a nuisance, Fukuda says. Now, that has now changed completely. “It’s liquid gold,” he says. “Cold, crisp floodwater is gold these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and water managers in the southern part of the Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/bulletin-118/critically-overdrafted-basins\">where the water problem is most severe\u003c/a>, are grasping at the water banking idea like a lifeline. Jon Reiter, a rancher and water consultant, works with some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Don Cameron, owner of Terranova Ranch\"]‘A lot of people were skeptical … they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.’[/pullquote]He shows me a field of grapes, destined to become raisins. The soil is sandy and looks as if it could absorb any water that landed here. There’s an embankment around three sides of the field already. “You could imagine how much water you could store in the ground in a location like this,” Reiter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of this field, he says, “has made the determination that he would be willing to actually remove the raisins” and use the land instead to capture water. The water he would “sink” might be more valuable to him than his raisin crop because it could earn him the right to pump more water from the aquifer during a future drought to irrigate other fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Cameron, the owner of Terranova Ranch near the town of Helm in Fresno County, has even bigger ambitions. Cameron’s farm relies almost entirely on groundwater. He’s been watching the underground water level fall for years and worrying about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, during a winter with lots of rain, he decided to flood some vineyards and orchards, to see if he could replenish the aquifer without even clearing land for a dedicated “recharge basin.” “A lot of people were skeptical, our neighbors especially,” Cameron says. “I mean, they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg\"]In fact, the grapevines and trees survived just fine, and the experiment boosted groundwater levels below his field. Further experiments, some carried out in collaboration with researchers at UC Davis, confirmed the feasibility of this “on-farm recharge.” Now Cameron is persuading his neighbors to do the same thing. Together, they could potentially flood tens of thousands of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is only possible, though, because Cameron happens to be in a fortunate location, right next to a branch of the Kings River, which in turn is connected to a big canal that’s a major artery in California’s vast water distribution system. That channel is bone-dry at the moment, but in years of heavy rains, it can fill with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other farmers who are dependent on groundwater, and who will be hit hardest by the new law limiting its use, can’t make “deposits” in their underground bank account because they have no access to floodwater. They’re not connected to the network of ditches and canals that would be needed to carry floodwaters to their fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg\" alt=\"The canal resembles a ditch, in a very dry and somewhat barren terrain. There is some green shrubbery present.\" width=\"1451\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg 1451w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1451px) 100vw, 1451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This newly constructed canal near Helm, in Fresno County, is waiting for the next flood. Don Cameron built it, with help from the state, to carry excess water from the Kings River to nearby fields. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Will this solution fall short?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This won’t solve all of the Central Valley’s water problems, though. For one thing, there still won’t be enough water available to fully recharge the aquifers. Aggressively capturing and storing floodwaters could make up for 40% to 50% of the current groundwater deficit at best, according to Reiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, recharging the aquifer could have mixed effects on the Central Valley’s other big groundwater problem: contamination of wells with agricultural chemicals. These include nitrates from fertilizer and cattle waste. The problem is most severe for lower-income communities that rely on shallow wells for household water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding more land probably will flush those agricultural pollutants into aquifers, says Helen Dahlke, a hydrologist at UC Davis. “We often see a spike in nitrate, for example, at the groundwater table below a recharge site,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1977037\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/RS51246_006_Meyers_CaldorFire_08312021-qut-1020x679.jpg\"]In the long run, though, she thinks it will be good for water quality. “Most of the water that we use for recharge is very clean, because it comes from rainfall or snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains,” she says. “Eventually there will be a pulse of clean water also coming into the aquifer, which can dilute many of the pollutants that have moved into the groundwater over the last couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the experience of Okieville, a small community in Tulare County. There are parts of the community where wells show high levels of contamination. But along its southern edge, there’s a groundwater recharge basin that the Tulare Irrigation District regularly fills with floodwater. People who live near that basin have enjoyed reliable supplies of clean water from their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district now is planning to build a new recharge basin on the other side of Okieville. “The idea is we can begin to shove water underneath their community. Good, clean water,” says Aaron Fukuda, general manager of the irrigation district. “The water quality, we hope, gets better.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A 7-year-old California water law, just now taking effect, treats underground aquifers like a bank account. If farmers deposit water when there is plenty, they can draw more water out when they need it.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Aaron Fukuda admits that the 15-acre sunken field behind his office doesn’t look like much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s basically a big, wide hole in the ground behind the headquarters of the Tulare Irrigation District in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">southern part of the Central Valley\u003c/a>. But “for a water resources nerd like myself, it’s a sexy, sexy piece of infrastructure,” says Fukuda, the district’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This earthen basin could be the key to survival for an agricultural community that delivers huge quantities of vegetables, fruit and nuts to the rest of the country — but is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/22/1019483661/without-enough-water-to-go-around-farmers-in-california-are-exhausting-aquifers\">running short of water\u003c/a>. The basin just needs California’s rivers to rise and flood it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When rains come in the winter and swell the rivers, Fukuda and his colleagues open some gates and send water through irrigation canals to fill this basin and lots of others they’ve set up. That captured water will seep into the ground, eventually finding its way to a natural aquifer system hundreds of feet below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891271\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1294px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891271 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron Fukuda stands in a dry and empty field, wearing reflective sunglasses and looking at the camera.\" width=\"1294\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2.jpg 1294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1294px) 100vw, 1294px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fukuda believes that replenishing underground aquifers is key for the future of agriculture in this part of the Central Valley. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” he says. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/groundwater-in-california/\">Water underground has become a scarce and regulated asset\u003c/a> in the state. Farmers have pumped so much water from aquifers in this part of California that they’ve become depleted, threatening water supplies for agriculture and communities that depend on wells for their household water. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, or SGMA, passed in 2014 is just now taking effect and it strictly limits the amount that farmers can pump from those aquifers, and those limits could put some farmers out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water-capturing basins like this one, however, offer farmers a way to survive. That’s because the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">new law treats the underground aquifer like a bank account\u003c/a>. If farmers deposit water into that account when water is plentiful, they can draw more water out when they need it, in years of drought. “It really is the difference between our community surviving and not,” Fukuda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891272\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1455px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11891272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a dress shirt, jeans, and a baseball cap bends over to look at a row of grapes growing in an agricultural field.\" width=\"1455\" height=\"964\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer3-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Reiter, an adviser to several agricultural companies, checks out a vineyard that the owner could convert into a site to capture and store water. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Floods are going from nuisance to lifeline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the past, many Californians considered the winter floods a nuisance, Fukuda says. Now, that has now changed completely. “It’s liquid gold,” he says. “Cold, crisp floodwater is gold these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers and water managers in the southern part of the Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/bulletin-118/critically-overdrafted-basins\">where the water problem is most severe\u003c/a>, are grasping at the water banking idea like a lifeline. Jon Reiter, a rancher and water consultant, works with some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He shows me a field of grapes, destined to become raisins. The soil is sandy and looks as if it could absorb any water that landed here. There’s an embankment around three sides of the field already. “You could imagine how much water you could store in the ground in a location like this,” Reiter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of this field, he says, “has made the determination that he would be willing to actually remove the raisins” and use the land instead to capture water. The water he would “sink” might be more valuable to him than his raisin crop because it could earn him the right to pump more water from the aquifer during a future drought to irrigate other fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Cameron, the owner of Terranova Ranch near the town of Helm in Fresno County, has even bigger ambitions. Cameron’s farm relies almost entirely on groundwater. He’s been watching the underground water level fall for years and worrying about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, during a winter with lots of rain, he decided to flood some vineyards and orchards, to see if he could replenish the aquifer without even clearing land for a dedicated “recharge basin.” “A lot of people were skeptical, our neighbors especially,” Cameron says. “I mean, they thought we were crazy. That we were going to kill our vineyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In fact, the grapevines and trees survived just fine, and the experiment boosted groundwater levels below his field. Further experiments, some carried out in collaboration with researchers at UC Davis, confirmed the feasibility of this “on-farm recharge.” Now Cameron is persuading his neighbors to do the same thing. Together, they could potentially flood tens of thousands of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is only possible, though, because Cameron happens to be in a fortunate location, right next to a branch of the Kings River, which in turn is connected to a big canal that’s a major artery in California’s vast water distribution system. That channel is bone-dry at the moment, but in years of heavy rains, it can fill with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other farmers who are dependent on groundwater, and who will be hit hardest by the new law limiting its use, can’t make “deposits” in their underground bank account because they have no access to floodwater. They’re not connected to the network of ditches and canals that would be needed to carry floodwaters to their fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11891276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11891276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg\" alt=\"The canal resembles a ditch, in a very dry and somewhat barren terrain. There is some green shrubbery present.\" width=\"1451\" height=\"972\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4.jpg 1451w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/farmer4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1451px) 100vw, 1451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This newly constructed canal near Helm, in Fresno County, is waiting for the next flood. Don Cameron built it, with help from the state, to carry excess water from the Kings River to nearby fields. \u003ccite>(Dan Charles/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Will this solution fall short?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This won’t solve all of the Central Valley’s water problems, though. For one thing, there still won’t be enough water available to fully recharge the aquifers. Aggressively capturing and storing floodwaters could make up for 40% to 50% of the current groundwater deficit at best, according to Reiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, recharging the aquifer could have mixed effects on the Central Valley’s other big groundwater problem: contamination of wells with agricultural chemicals. These include nitrates from fertilizer and cattle waste. The problem is most severe for lower-income communities that rely on shallow wells for household water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding more land probably will flush those agricultural pollutants into aquifers, says Helen Dahlke, a hydrologist at UC Davis. “We often see a spike in nitrate, for example, at the groundwater table below a recharge site,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the long run, though, she thinks it will be good for water quality. “Most of the water that we use for recharge is very clean, because it comes from rainfall or snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountains,” she says. “Eventually there will be a pulse of clean water also coming into the aquifer, which can dilute many of the pollutants that have moved into the groundwater over the last couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the experience of Okieville, a small community in Tulare County. There are parts of the community where wells show high levels of contamination. But along its southern edge, there’s a groundwater recharge basin that the Tulare Irrigation District regularly fills with floodwater. People who live near that basin have enjoyed reliable supplies of clean water from their wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district now is planning to build a new recharge basin on the other side of Okieville. “The idea is we can begin to shove water underneath their community. Good, clean water,” says Aaron Fukuda, general manager of the irrigation district. “The water quality, we hope, gets better.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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