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"disqusTitle": "Here's What You Need to Know About the New Eviction Ban",
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"content": "\u003cp>For many Americans, COVID-19 has upended their lives. They've lost their jobs, and with them, the ability to pay their rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While getting evicted is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601783346/first-ever-evictions-database-shows-were-in-the-middle-of-a-housing-crisis\">traumatic\u003c/a> generally, eviction during a pandemic adds new layers of peril: Evicted families may double up with other households or move into crowded shelters. That can lead to the coronavirus spreading quickly, especially within vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These concerns underpin the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's new moratorium on evictions, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024345276/the-biden-administration-plans-a-new-eviction-moratorium-after-a-federal-ban-lap\">announced\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a moral imperative here to make sure that people who are unstably housed in a period of time where we have extraordinary disease transmission in many parts of this country — that this is a true public health threat and that we need to keep people stably housed,\" CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024338498/cdc-director-on-global-vaccine-deliveries-variants-masks-and-mass-eviction-threa\">told\u003c/a> NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what the new ban means for the millions of renters facing eviction and the landlords awaiting money.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How This Ban Is Different\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/communication/Signed-CDC-Eviction-Order.pdf\">60-day order\u003c/a> is a little different from the old one that started last year. It applies only to counties with substantial or high transmission of COVID-19. That includes \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view\">most of the country\u003c/a> right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"eviction, evictions, eviction moratorium\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency's authority for such a ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/02/908874020/cdc-issues-temporary-halt-on-evictions-citing-coronavirus-risks\">derives\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/Pages/default.aspx\">Public Health Service Act\u003c/a> of 1944, which gives the Department of Health and Human Services (of which CDC is a part) the authority to declare and respond to public health emergencies and control communicable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/01/908581048/sweeping-new-eviction-ban-from-trump-administration\">previous\u003c/a> eviction ban was announced by the CDC in September 2020, during the Trump administration, and was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/24/1009828802/cdc-extends-eviction-moratorium-for-30-days\">extended\u003c/a> in March and June of this year. But it \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/02/1022964395/to-stop-wave-of-evictions-some-local-counties-scramble-after-federal-ban-expires\">expired\u003c/a> on July 31 after the Supreme Court signaled it wouldn't accept any further extensions without congressional authorization, and Congress didn't act to extend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California implemented its own eviction moratorium, which was extended through Sept. 30 in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2021/06/california-eviction-moratorium-deal/\">a last-minute deal announced by Gov. Gavin Newsom and legislative leaders\u003c/a> on July 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden says he's not certain whether the new CDC order will survive potential legal challenges, but he's hoping it will buy people on the brink of eviction some breathing room. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time it gets litigated, it will probably give some additional time, while we're getting that $45 billion out to people who are in fact behind in the rent and don't have the money,\" he said this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you're looking for help paying your rent, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/renter-protections/emergency-rental-assistance-for-renters/?utm_source=outreach&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=treasury_banner/\">\u003cem>the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has guidance\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> on applying for emergency rental assistance.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884130\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884130\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Rep. Cori Bush, D-Missouri, (center) speaks at a rally at the U.S. Capitol on Tuesday, Aug. 3, 2021. Bush slept on the steps of the Capitol for days to protest that the CDC's eviction moratorium was being allowed to expire. \u003ccite>(Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Temporary Reprieve — And a Big Push to Distribute Rental Assistance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new ban is temporary. It's set to expire Oct. 3. Still, it's a crucial extension for low-income renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a tremendous relief for millions of people who were on the cusp of losing their homes and, with them, their ability to stay safe during the pandemic,\" \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/about/staff\">Diane Yentel\u003c/a>, president and CEO of the National Low Income Housing Coalition, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting federal aid out has been slow so far, though it's starting to move faster. Part of the problem is that states and localities were required to set up their own programs to disburse the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11882952\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has urged state and local governments to get the funds out efficiently to renters and their landlords and to be flexible around documentation. The U.S. Department of the Treasury, which is administering the \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program\">Emergency Rental Assistance Program\u003c/a>, is promoting \"promising practices\" seen around the country for \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program/promising-practices/eviction-diversion\">eviction diversion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the application process has been cumbersome in many places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities have required reams of documentation and applications 30 or 40 pages long, Yentel told NPR — \"all of which slows down the process for everyone and often weeds out some of the lowest income and most marginalized tenants who can't produce the documentation that's required in other communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States and localities are struggling with capacity, Yentel said: \"They don't have enough staff. They don't have the right technology to be able to handle the deluge of applications they're getting. And the more complicated they've made their programs, the more challenged they are with capacity issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Pandemic Has Exacerbated Existing Inequalities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Louisiana is among the states with the highest rates of COVID-19 right now as a possible eviction crisis looms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are worried. They're terrified,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://lafairhousing.org/cashauna-hill-bio\">Cashauna Hill\u003c/a>, executive director of Louisiana Fair Housing Action Center. \"We've got a huge population of folks who are having difficulty staying afloat during this ... pandemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renters in the state have few protections, she says, and evictions can happen fast — officially through the courts, and informally when tenants move out after receiving an eviction notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the neighborhoods in New Orleans with high eviction rates before the pandemic are the same ones that were redlined three generations ago and that are experiencing high numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 pandemic has just exacerbated those unjust housing outcomes that were already present. And the people who had the least amount of resources and defenses are the people who are being most impacted by this pandemic. So we just have injustice after injustice piling on top of one another for these communities,\" Hill tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has received $550 million to help tenants and landlords, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-854f3c23f0d89400fac0aeab486f10dc\">according \u003c/a>to The Associated Press. The governor \u003ca href=\"https://gov.louisiana.gov/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/3309\">says \u003c/a>Louisiana has so far approved $61 million in rental assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clock is ticking loudly for many renters in arrears, states do have time to distribute the funds, since the ERAP program runs through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884131\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884131\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold signs opposing evictions on Thursday, Aug. 5, 2021 in New York City.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Stephanie Keith/Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Landlords Are Suing the Government Over the Previous Ban\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National Apartment Association represents owners and operators of rental housing — landlords, in other words. Last week, the association \u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\"> \u003c/a>against the federal government over the previous eviction ban, seeking to recover damages on behalf of rental housing providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It opposes the new ban, too, which it calls an unfunded government mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that [eviction moratoriums] leave renters with an insurmountable amount of debt, and providers essentially holding the bag on the affordability crisis by carrying all that unpaid debt at the same time that they're trying to pay their bills,\" Greg Brown, NAA's senior vice president of government affairs, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says rental debt just keeps mounting — beyond what Congress has appropriated — while the ban continues. \"If we don't make housing providers whole, the future of housing in this country, rental housing in this country becomes even further jeopardized,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal aid has started flowing to landlords to cover renters' debts, he notes. Now, he says, \"we need to focus on getting it to flow faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Eviction Ban May Face Legal Challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new ban's more limited framing — applicable only to counties with higher levels of coronavirus transmission — may help it survive potential legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/stephen-i-vladeck\">Stephen Vladeck\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Texas School of Law and an expert on federal courts, suspects the scope of the CDC's authority is likely to be at the center of any legal challenges against the new ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the Justice Department will have some pretty good arguments that this one is ... much more specifically tied to [the] CDC's express statutory authority to take measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases like the delta variant of COVID,\" he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Vladeck says, the court's conservative justices could decide the CDC has pushed its authority too far and strike down the new moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, millions of renters are hoping that the aid they desperately need arrives before an eviction notice does. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+What+You+Need+To+Know+About+The+New+Eviction+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For many Americans, COVID-19 has upended their lives. They've lost their jobs, and with them, the ability to pay their rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While getting evicted is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601783346/first-ever-evictions-database-shows-were-in-the-middle-of-a-housing-crisis\">traumatic\u003c/a> generally, eviction during a pandemic adds new layers of peril: Evicted families may double up with other households or move into crowded shelters. That can lead to the coronavirus spreading quickly, especially within vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These concerns underpin the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's new moratorium on evictions, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024345276/the-biden-administration-plans-a-new-eviction-moratorium-after-a-federal-ban-lap\">announced\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a moral imperative here to make sure that people who are unstably housed in a period of time where we have extraordinary disease transmission in many parts of this country — that this is a true public health threat and that we need to keep people stably housed,\" CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024338498/cdc-director-on-global-vaccine-deliveries-variants-masks-and-mass-eviction-threa\">told\u003c/a> NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what the new ban means for the millions of renters facing eviction and the landlords awaiting money.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How This Ban Is Different\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/communication/Signed-CDC-Eviction-Order.pdf\">60-day order\u003c/a> is a little different from the old one that started last year. It applies only to counties with substantial or high transmission of COVID-19. That includes \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view\">most of the country\u003c/a> right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency's authority for such a ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/02/908874020/cdc-issues-temporary-halt-on-evictions-citing-coronavirus-risks\">derives\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/Pages/default.aspx\">Public Health Service Act\u003c/a> of 1944, which gives the Department of Health and Human Services (of which CDC is a part) the authority to declare and respond to public health emergencies and control communicable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/01/908581048/sweeping-new-eviction-ban-from-trump-administration\">previous\u003c/a> eviction ban was announced by the CDC in September 2020, during the Trump administration, and was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/24/1009828802/cdc-extends-eviction-moratorium-for-30-days\">extended\u003c/a> in March and June of this year. But it \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/02/1022964395/to-stop-wave-of-evictions-some-local-counties-scramble-after-federal-ban-expires\">expired\u003c/a> on July 31 after the Supreme Court signaled it wouldn't accept any further extensions without congressional authorization, and Congress didn't act to extend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California implemented its own eviction moratorium, which was extended through Sept. 30 in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2021/06/california-eviction-moratorium-deal/\">a last-minute deal announced by Gov. Gavin Newsom and legislative leaders\u003c/a> on July 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden says he's not certain whether the new CDC order will survive potential legal challenges, but he's hoping it will buy people on the brink of eviction some breathing room. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time it gets litigated, it will probably give some additional time, while we're getting that $45 billion out to people who are in fact behind in the rent and don't have the money,\" he said this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you're looking for help paying your rent, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/renter-protections/emergency-rental-assistance-for-renters/?utm_source=outreach&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=treasury_banner/\">\u003cem>the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has guidance\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> on applying for emergency rental assistance.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884130\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884130\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Rep. Cori Bush, D-Missouri, (center) speaks at a rally at the U.S. Capitol on Tuesday, Aug. 3, 2021. Bush slept on the steps of the Capitol for days to protest that the CDC's eviction moratorium was being allowed to expire. \u003ccite>(Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Temporary Reprieve — And a Big Push to Distribute Rental Assistance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new ban is temporary. It's set to expire Oct. 3. Still, it's a crucial extension for low-income renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a tremendous relief for millions of people who were on the cusp of losing their homes and, with them, their ability to stay safe during the pandemic,\" \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/about/staff\">Diane Yentel\u003c/a>, president and CEO of the National Low Income Housing Coalition, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting federal aid out has been slow so far, though it's starting to move faster. Part of the problem is that states and localities were required to set up their own programs to disburse the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has urged state and local governments to get the funds out efficiently to renters and their landlords and to be flexible around documentation. The U.S. Department of the Treasury, which is administering the \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program\">Emergency Rental Assistance Program\u003c/a>, is promoting \"promising practices\" seen around the country for \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program/promising-practices/eviction-diversion\">eviction diversion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the application process has been cumbersome in many places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities have required reams of documentation and applications 30 or 40 pages long, Yentel told NPR — \"all of which slows down the process for everyone and often weeds out some of the lowest income and most marginalized tenants who can't produce the documentation that's required in other communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States and localities are struggling with capacity, Yentel said: \"They don't have enough staff. They don't have the right technology to be able to handle the deluge of applications they're getting. And the more complicated they've made their programs, the more challenged they are with capacity issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Pandemic Has Exacerbated Existing Inequalities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Louisiana is among the states with the highest rates of COVID-19 right now as a possible eviction crisis looms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are worried. They're terrified,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://lafairhousing.org/cashauna-hill-bio\">Cashauna Hill\u003c/a>, executive director of Louisiana Fair Housing Action Center. \"We've got a huge population of folks who are having difficulty staying afloat during this ... pandemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renters in the state have few protections, she says, and evictions can happen fast — officially through the courts, and informally when tenants move out after receiving an eviction notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the neighborhoods in New Orleans with high eviction rates before the pandemic are the same ones that were redlined three generations ago and that are experiencing high numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 pandemic has just exacerbated those unjust housing outcomes that were already present. And the people who had the least amount of resources and defenses are the people who are being most impacted by this pandemic. So we just have injustice after injustice piling on top of one another for these communities,\" Hill tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has received $550 million to help tenants and landlords, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-854f3c23f0d89400fac0aeab486f10dc\">according \u003c/a>to The Associated Press. The governor \u003ca href=\"https://gov.louisiana.gov/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/3309\">says \u003c/a>Louisiana has so far approved $61 million in rental assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clock is ticking loudly for many renters in arrears, states do have time to distribute the funds, since the ERAP program runs through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884131\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884131\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold signs opposing evictions on Thursday, Aug. 5, 2021 in New York City.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Stephanie Keith/Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Landlords Are Suing the Government Over the Previous Ban\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National Apartment Association represents owners and operators of rental housing — landlords, in other words. Last week, the association \u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\"> \u003c/a>against the federal government over the previous eviction ban, seeking to recover damages on behalf of rental housing providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It opposes the new ban, too, which it calls an unfunded government mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that [eviction moratoriums] leave renters with an insurmountable amount of debt, and providers essentially holding the bag on the affordability crisis by carrying all that unpaid debt at the same time that they're trying to pay their bills,\" Greg Brown, NAA's senior vice president of government affairs, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says rental debt just keeps mounting — beyond what Congress has appropriated — while the ban continues. \"If we don't make housing providers whole, the future of housing in this country, rental housing in this country becomes even further jeopardized,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal aid has started flowing to landlords to cover renters' debts, he notes. Now, he says, \"we need to focus on getting it to flow faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Eviction Ban May Face Legal Challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new ban's more limited framing — applicable only to counties with higher levels of coronavirus transmission — may help it survive potential legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/stephen-i-vladeck\">Stephen Vladeck\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Texas School of Law and an expert on federal courts, suspects the scope of the CDC's authority is likely to be at the center of any legal challenges against the new ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the Justice Department will have some pretty good arguments that this one is ... much more specifically tied to [the] CDC's express statutory authority to take measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases like the delta variant of COVID,\" he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Vladeck says, the court's conservative justices could decide the CDC has pushed its authority too far and strike down the new moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, millions of renters are hoping that the aid they desperately need arrives before an eviction notice does. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+What+You+Need+To+Know+About+The+New+Eviction+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The highly contagious delta variant now accounts for more than 51% of COVID-19 cases in the U.S., according \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions\">to new estimates\u003c/a> released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The variant, also known as B.1.617.2, was first detected in India and is spreading quickly across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in parts of the U.S., the delta strain accounts for more than 80% of new infections, including some Midwestern states such as Missouri, Kansas and Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delta variant is already causing 74.3% of infections in Western states, including Utah and Colorado, and 58.8% of infections in Southern states such as Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma, according to CDC estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is the vaccines being used in the U.S. all appear to be highly effective at protecting against serious disease, hospitalization and death. And public health officials are urging the roughly 140 million to 150 million people who remain unvaccinated to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we have two Americas: the vaccinated and the unvaccinated America,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\">says Dr. Paul Offit, \u003c/a>an infectious disease specialist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're feeling pretty good right now because it's the summer. But come winter, if we still have a significant percentage of the population that is unvaccinated, we're going to see this virus surge again,\" Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's crucial to increase vaccinations in other countries,\u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/yigh/profile/saad_omer/\"> says Saad Omer\u003c/a>, a vaccine researcher at Yale. \"The world has to get its act together,\" Omer says. \"Otherwise yet another, potentially more dangerous variant could emerge.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delta variant is already causing 74.3% of infections in Western states, including Utah and Colorado, and 58.8% of infections in Southern states such as Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma, according to CDC estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is the vaccines being used in the U.S. all appear to be highly effective at protecting against serious disease, hospitalization and death. And public health officials are urging the roughly 140 million to 150 million people who remain unvaccinated to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we have two Americas: the vaccinated and the unvaccinated America,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\">says Dr. Paul Offit, \u003c/a>an infectious disease specialist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're feeling pretty good right now because it's the summer. But come winter, if we still have a significant percentage of the population that is unvaccinated, we're going to see this virus surge again,\" Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's crucial to increase vaccinations in other countries,\u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/yigh/profile/saad_omer/\"> says Saad Omer\u003c/a>, a vaccine researcher at Yale. \"The world has to get its act together,\" Omer says. \"Otherwise yet another, potentially more dangerous variant could emerge.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ticks aren’t known as beach lovers, so ecologist Dan Salkeld and a colleague were surprised when they found 180 ticks in less than a mile on a coastal trail near Muir Beach in California one day in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to most people, we were delighted at the high numbers of ticks! It was exciting in terms of sample sizes and data,” says Salkeld, whose findings were \u003ca href=\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00319-21\">published\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also sobering. For years, people who track black-legged ticks — the kind that carry Lyme disease — have been finding them in further-flung territory, though still in mostly traditional habitats of forested areas with tall grasses and leaf litter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, “as the numbers expand, we see ticks in areas that we don’t think of as traditional habitat,” Mayo Clinic parasitologist Bobbi Pritt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trend has continued, with ticks are showing up in places previously deemed safe from the disease-carrying arachnids, from those coastal California beach areas to manicured lawns in the Northeast. The sheer number of ticks may be forcing them to branch out into new habitats, Pritt theorizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, more of them appear to be carrying pathogens. Pritt’s lab tests tens of thousands of ticks; over the last three years, they’ve found that more and more of the ticks carry the bacteria that causes anaplasmosis, a disease that can cause headache, fever and chills and severe illness if treatment is delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Minnesota Department of Health employees demo a smart hack for keeping critters off while out in the field: Wrap duct tape around socks and pant legs to prevent ticks from crawling in. \u003ccite>(Sheila Eldred for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all adds up to more illness: Tick-borne diseases are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/data-summary/index.html\">an all-time high\u003c/a>, with about 50,000 cases reported each year — and far more going unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lyme disease is by far the most prevalent, accounting for nearly 35,000 cases in 2019, ticks also carry pathogens that can make you allergic to red meat or cause acute respiratory distress. In rare cases, tick-borne diseases are fatal. Anaplasmosis is the second-most common tick-borne disease, with nearly 8,000 cases reported in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what kinds of ticks to watch out for, where — and what to do if you get bitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Check Your Local Tick Forecast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Your personal disease risk is highly dependent on your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tick prevalence hinges on a number of local factors that make sweeping generalizations tricky, says Dr. George Dempsey of East Hampton Family Medicine and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayarealyme.org/\">Bay Area Lyme Foundation’\u003c/a>s Lyme Disease Biobank. That’s why he’s skeptical when he hears predictions for upcoming tick seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year they say it’s going to be a big year — either because of acorns or cold winters or warm winters …,” he says, but all of those factors vary from one location to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/_IoOJu2_FKE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a mild winter plus a hot, humid summer in the Midwest is bringing out ticks earlier than usual, for example. “It’s prime time — ticks are already out and about in Minnesota,” says Elizabeth Schiffman, epidemiologist supervisor at the Minnesota Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional differences are shifting as well. In East Hampton, New York, Dempsey is seeing more Lone Star ticks, a relative newcomer to the area, and fewer black-legged ticks — resulting in less Lyme disease. And back on that Muir Beach trail in California, Salkeld’s team got its second surprise when they tested the ticks they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our prediction would have been that they didn’t have Lyme, but they were just as high as ticks in woodland areas,” he says, leading him to pose the question in his study: Should infection prevalence in ticks be reported at a hyper-local level — possibly even for a single trail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does it mean for those of us trying to stay away from ticks? Be familiar with the ticks in your area, Pritt says. (Try this field map from the University of Rhode Island’s \u003ca href=\"https://web.uri.edu/tickencounter/fieldguide/\">TickEncounter\u003c/a> website.) And note that your state or county health department is your best bet for local tick information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Know Your Tick Types\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Six common types of adult female ticks. Top row, left to right: Lone star, Black-legged, Asian long-horned. Bottom row, left to right: Gulf coast, American dog, Rocky mountain wood \u003ccite>((Top row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Wikimedia Commons, James Gathany/CDC (Bottom row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Patrick Gorring/iNaturalist, Public Health Image Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are the main types you may encounter in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The black-legged tick, often referred to as a deer tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and Powassan virus. An adult full-grown black-legged tick is the size of a sesame seed; a nymph is the size of a poppy seed. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/surveillance/BlackleggedTick.html\">eastern half of the U.S. \u003c/a>Black-legged ticks near the Pacific Coast are a cousin of this tick, known as the Western black-legged tick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"ticks\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Lone Star tick\u003c/strong> is aggressive; instead of “questing” from a blade of grass like a black-legged tick, it may pursue a person 50 to 75 feet away. “People could be hanging out on their deck and they’ll crawl up on them,” Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can carry ehrlichiosis, heartland virus, tularemia and Southern tick-associated rash illness. Their bite may also trigger alpha-gal syndrome, which can cause an allergy to meat. Adult females have a white dot on their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its range includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/stari/geo/index.html\">large swath of the country\u003c/a> from Iowa to Texas and everywhere east of there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gulf Coast tick\u003c/strong> is a close relation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The American dog tick, also known as a wood tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, one of the deadliest tick-borne diseases, and tularemia. This tick is much bigger than a black-legged tick, so people are more likely to spot them when they latch on. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/american_dog_tick.pdf\">eastern two-thirds of the country and California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rocky Mountain wood tick\u003c/strong> can spread Colorado Tick Fever in addition to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia. It ranges primarily in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/rocky_mountain_wood_tick.pdf\">northern Rocky Mountain region\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Asian long-horned tick\u003c/strong> A new species landed in the U.S. in 2017, when it was spotted for the first time on a sheep in New Jersey. It’s now been noted in at least 15 states in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/longhorned-tick/index.html\">the Midwest and East Coast.\u003c/a> Female ticks do not need to mate to lay eggs, and thousands can be found together, making grassy areas appear to be moving. They have not yet been found to transmit disease in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to Avoid Getting Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To avoid a tick encounter, you’ll want to be vigilant about taking precautions whenever you’re spending a significant amount of time outdoors in tick territory, whether you’re hiking or mowing your lawn. Fortunately, the same prevention techniques work for all types of ticks, Pritt says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Get dorky: \u003c/strong>Repelling ticks starts with your outfit. Choose long sleeves and pants if possible. “And it may feel dorky, but tucking your pants into your socks gives ticks less access into the areas they can bite,” says Pritt, who wears white coveralls and duct tapes the legs to her socks when going on tick drags. Spray exposed skin with a good repellent. And treat clothes likely to be worn in tick habitat ahead of time with a permethrin repellent for the greatest protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Strip:\u003c/strong> After your adventure — even if it’s just mowing the lawn — the easiest way to make sure ticks stay outside is to disrobe as soon as possible — shed all your clothes on a porch before going inside to keep any hangers-on outside if possible — jump in the shower, check for ticks and scrub. Remember that disease-carrying ticks can be tiny: At the nymph stage, when it’s likely to bite you, a black-legged tick is the size of a poppy seed. Don’t forget about pets and kids. Check them for ticks outside; otherwise, a tick can fall off a dog inside and bite you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Disinfect:\u003c/strong> Throw discarded clothes into the dryer on high heat for at least 6 minutes to kill any stragglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What to Do if You Do Get Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Don’t panic. \u003c/strong> It’s a hard rule to follow, Pritt admits, but remember that not every tick carries a harmful bacteria or virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Forget the folk remedies:\u003c/strong> “Grab a pair of fine tipped tweezers, remove as quickly as possible as close to skin as you can by pulling it out in a smooth, continuous motion without twisting it,” Pritt says. And don’t light a match or roll it in butter, as in fact, those methods often result in only partial removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Save it: \u003c/strong>Put the tick in a plastic bag in the freezer, especially if you think it may have been attached a long time, which may increase the risk of Lyme disease transmission. That way if you decide to see a doctor, they’ll be able to identify the type of tick that bit you, and even test it for disease-causing bacteria. Keep in mind, though, that you may not get infected even if the tick tests positive, Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Watch for symptoms:\u003c/strong> A rash, headache, flu-like symptoms and joint pain can all be signs of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. A stiff neck and swollen lymph nodes are associated with Lyme disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IF YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS: \u003c/strong>Many people with Lyme disease \u003ca href=\"https://westnile.ca.gov/pdfs/VBDSAnnualReport19.pdf\">don’t remember getting a rash\u003c/a> or a tick bite. So mention your concerns to your health care provider. Blood tests may be able to detect Lyme disease after your body has developed antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ticks aren’t known as beach lovers, so ecologist Dan Salkeld and a colleague were surprised when they found 180 ticks in less than a mile on a coastal trail near Muir Beach in California one day in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to most people, we were delighted at the high numbers of ticks! It was exciting in terms of sample sizes and data,” says Salkeld, whose findings were \u003ca href=\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00319-21\">published\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also sobering. For years, people who track black-legged ticks — the kind that carry Lyme disease — have been finding them in further-flung territory, though still in mostly traditional habitats of forested areas with tall grasses and leaf litter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, “as the numbers expand, we see ticks in areas that we don’t think of as traditional habitat,” Mayo Clinic parasitologist Bobbi Pritt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trend has continued, with ticks are showing up in places previously deemed safe from the disease-carrying arachnids, from those coastal California beach areas to manicured lawns in the Northeast. The sheer number of ticks may be forcing them to branch out into new habitats, Pritt theorizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, more of them appear to be carrying pathogens. Pritt’s lab tests tens of thousands of ticks; over the last three years, they’ve found that more and more of the ticks carry the bacteria that causes anaplasmosis, a disease that can cause headache, fever and chills and severe illness if treatment is delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Minnesota Department of Health employees demo a smart hack for keeping critters off while out in the field: Wrap duct tape around socks and pant legs to prevent ticks from crawling in. \u003ccite>(Sheila Eldred for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all adds up to more illness: Tick-borne diseases are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/data-summary/index.html\">an all-time high\u003c/a>, with about 50,000 cases reported each year — and far more going unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lyme disease is by far the most prevalent, accounting for nearly 35,000 cases in 2019, ticks also carry pathogens that can make you allergic to red meat or cause acute respiratory distress. In rare cases, tick-borne diseases are fatal. Anaplasmosis is the second-most common tick-borne disease, with nearly 8,000 cases reported in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what kinds of ticks to watch out for, where — and what to do if you get bitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Check Your Local Tick Forecast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Your personal disease risk is highly dependent on your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tick prevalence hinges on a number of local factors that make sweeping generalizations tricky, says Dr. George Dempsey of East Hampton Family Medicine and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayarealyme.org/\">Bay Area Lyme Foundation’\u003c/a>s Lyme Disease Biobank. That’s why he’s skeptical when he hears predictions for upcoming tick seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year they say it’s going to be a big year — either because of acorns or cold winters or warm winters …,” he says, but all of those factors vary from one location to the next.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_IoOJu2_FKE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_IoOJu2_FKE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Currently, a mild winter plus a hot, humid summer in the Midwest is bringing out ticks earlier than usual, for example. “It’s prime time — ticks are already out and about in Minnesota,” says Elizabeth Schiffman, epidemiologist supervisor at the Minnesota Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional differences are shifting as well. In East Hampton, New York, Dempsey is seeing more Lone Star ticks, a relative newcomer to the area, and fewer black-legged ticks — resulting in less Lyme disease. And back on that Muir Beach trail in California, Salkeld’s team got its second surprise when they tested the ticks they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our prediction would have been that they didn’t have Lyme, but they were just as high as ticks in woodland areas,” he says, leading him to pose the question in his study: Should infection prevalence in ticks be reported at a hyper-local level — possibly even for a single trail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does it mean for those of us trying to stay away from ticks? Be familiar with the ticks in your area, Pritt says. (Try this field map from the University of Rhode Island’s \u003ca href=\"https://web.uri.edu/tickencounter/fieldguide/\">TickEncounter\u003c/a> website.) And note that your state or county health department is your best bet for local tick information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Know Your Tick Types\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Six common types of adult female ticks. Top row, left to right: Lone star, Black-legged, Asian long-horned. Bottom row, left to right: Gulf coast, American dog, Rocky mountain wood \u003ccite>((Top row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Wikimedia Commons, James Gathany/CDC (Bottom row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Patrick Gorring/iNaturalist, Public Health Image Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are the main types you may encounter in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The black-legged tick, often referred to as a deer tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and Powassan virus. An adult full-grown black-legged tick is the size of a sesame seed; a nymph is the size of a poppy seed. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/surveillance/BlackleggedTick.html\">eastern half of the U.S. \u003c/a>Black-legged ticks near the Pacific Coast are a cousin of this tick, known as the Western black-legged tick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Lone Star tick\u003c/strong> is aggressive; instead of “questing” from a blade of grass like a black-legged tick, it may pursue a person 50 to 75 feet away. “People could be hanging out on their deck and they’ll crawl up on them,” Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can carry ehrlichiosis, heartland virus, tularemia and Southern tick-associated rash illness. Their bite may also trigger alpha-gal syndrome, which can cause an allergy to meat. Adult females have a white dot on their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its range includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/stari/geo/index.html\">large swath of the country\u003c/a> from Iowa to Texas and everywhere east of there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gulf Coast tick\u003c/strong> is a close relation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The American dog tick, also known as a wood tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, one of the deadliest tick-borne diseases, and tularemia. This tick is much bigger than a black-legged tick, so people are more likely to spot them when they latch on. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/american_dog_tick.pdf\">eastern two-thirds of the country and California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rocky Mountain wood tick\u003c/strong> can spread Colorado Tick Fever in addition to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia. It ranges primarily in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/rocky_mountain_wood_tick.pdf\">northern Rocky Mountain region\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Asian long-horned tick\u003c/strong> A new species landed in the U.S. in 2017, when it was spotted for the first time on a sheep in New Jersey. It’s now been noted in at least 15 states in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/longhorned-tick/index.html\">the Midwest and East Coast.\u003c/a> Female ticks do not need to mate to lay eggs, and thousands can be found together, making grassy areas appear to be moving. They have not yet been found to transmit disease in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to Avoid Getting Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To avoid a tick encounter, you’ll want to be vigilant about taking precautions whenever you’re spending a significant amount of time outdoors in tick territory, whether you’re hiking or mowing your lawn. Fortunately, the same prevention techniques work for all types of ticks, Pritt says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Get dorky: \u003c/strong>Repelling ticks starts with your outfit. Choose long sleeves and pants if possible. “And it may feel dorky, but tucking your pants into your socks gives ticks less access into the areas they can bite,” says Pritt, who wears white coveralls and duct tapes the legs to her socks when going on tick drags. Spray exposed skin with a good repellent. And treat clothes likely to be worn in tick habitat ahead of time with a permethrin repellent for the greatest protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Strip:\u003c/strong> After your adventure — even if it’s just mowing the lawn — the easiest way to make sure ticks stay outside is to disrobe as soon as possible — shed all your clothes on a porch before going inside to keep any hangers-on outside if possible — jump in the shower, check for ticks and scrub. Remember that disease-carrying ticks can be tiny: At the nymph stage, when it’s likely to bite you, a black-legged tick is the size of a poppy seed. Don’t forget about pets and kids. Check them for ticks outside; otherwise, a tick can fall off a dog inside and bite you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Disinfect:\u003c/strong> Throw discarded clothes into the dryer on high heat for at least 6 minutes to kill any stragglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What to Do if You Do Get Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Don’t panic. \u003c/strong> It’s a hard rule to follow, Pritt admits, but remember that not every tick carries a harmful bacteria or virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Forget the folk remedies:\u003c/strong> “Grab a pair of fine tipped tweezers, remove as quickly as possible as close to skin as you can by pulling it out in a smooth, continuous motion without twisting it,” Pritt says. And don’t light a match or roll it in butter, as in fact, those methods often result in only partial removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Save it: \u003c/strong>Put the tick in a plastic bag in the freezer, especially if you think it may have been attached a long time, which may increase the risk of Lyme disease transmission. That way if you decide to see a doctor, they’ll be able to identify the type of tick that bit you, and even test it for disease-causing bacteria. Keep in mind, though, that you may not get infected even if the tick tests positive, Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Watch for symptoms:\u003c/strong> A rash, headache, flu-like symptoms and joint pain can all be signs of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. A stiff neck and swollen lymph nodes are associated with Lyme disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IF YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS: \u003c/strong>Many people with Lyme disease \u003ca href=\"https://westnile.ca.gov/pdfs/VBDSAnnualReport19.pdf\">don’t remember getting a rash\u003c/a> or a tick bite. So mention your concerns to your health care provider. Blood tests may be able to detect Lyme disease after your body has developed antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers",
"title": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers",
"headTitle": "NPR | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday released photos and video of South Texas immigrant processing centers that have become a renewed focus of criticism for continued poor conditions despite President Biden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912060869/biden-pledges-to-dismantle-trumps-sweeping-immigration-changes-but-can-he-do-tha\">promises to fix Trump-era problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6566913/temporary-processing-facilities\">images appear\u003c/a> partly in response to photos released by Rep. Henry Cuellar and \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/photos-overcrowded-border-patrol-migrant-tents-0525a96b-0dc8-473f-b59c-38b0b3e52760.html\">published by Axios\u003c/a> on Monday showing migrants crammed into \"pods\" divided only by plastic sheathing. Cuellar, a Democrat who represents the border town of Laredo, Texas, said he recently witnessed \"terrible conditions for the children\" at the Donna Processing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg 1404w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the photos released by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) shows detained families and unaccompanied children sit in areas divided by plastic sheathing at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas. \u003ccite>(Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said the \"pods\" were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. He said the children needed to be quickly moved from the facility into the care of the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ought to take care of those kids like they're our own kids,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy comes barely two months into the Biden presidency, amid a surge in migrants coming to the U.S. from Central America that began late last year. The new administration says it sees ending a Trump-era policy of forcing migrants to remain in Mexico while their cases adjudicated as \"a moral imperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">More has to be done to address this growing humanitarian crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant children need our help right now. Not later. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\">https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Rep. Henry Cuellar (@RepCuellar) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepCuellar/status/1374090306392580097?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said one reason he released the photos was because the Biden administration had refused media access to the facility in Donna, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new White House says the Trump administration handed it a crumbling immigration and asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar (D) released a series of photos this Monday that show migrant families and unaccompanied minors detained in a temporary overflow facility in Donna, Texas on March 20, 2021. Cuellar has said the some spaces were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The images appear to show migrants undergoing processing and general living conditions, such as rows of migrants sleeping on mattresses on the ground, covered in silver emergency blankets. Other images show unaccompanied minors and families in line for processing or to receive meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief statement accompanying their release, Customs and Border Protection said it \"continues to transfer unaccompanied minors to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as quickly and efficiently as possible after they are apprehended on the Southwest Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Connecticut\"]'The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days.'[/pullquote]In apparent response to journalists being denied access to the facilities, CBP said that in order \"to protect the health and safety of our workforce and those in our care we continue to discourage external visitors in our facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday, blamed COVID-19 for restricting access by the news media. \"Let's be clear here, we are in the midst of a pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/979014713/hundreds-of-migrant-children-held-in-border-detention-for-more-than-10-days\">NPR reported\u003c/a> that a DHS document indicated more than 500 unaccompanied migrant children and teens had been held in detention centers for more than 10 days in violation of a policy that says they should be moved within 72 hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unaccompanied minors and families wait in line for processing at the temporary processing facilities in Donna, Texas on March 17, 2021. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodriguez Sr/U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked about the report, Connecticut Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/20/979491354/senators-visit-southern-border-amidst-increase-of-unaccompanied-minors\">speaking on NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a>, defended the administration's efforts to address the problems at facilities and to speed up the processing of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days,\" said Murphy, who recently returned from a visit to the Southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, as we speak, they are building new capacity to help house these children and filling new slots in the HHS system,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said that the Biden administration had \"inherited an absolute mess and wreck\" of an immigration system from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about conditions in the facilities, Murphy said they are \"better than what we saw in 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1347px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1347\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg 1347w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1347px) 100vw, 1347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children and families arrive at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas, on March 17. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodríguez Sr./U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']\"These are not kids in so-called cages. They are not being separated from their family at the border,\" he said, acknowledging, \"But these are facilities that you wouldn't want your child in for more than 10 minutes. They are big rooms. Kids are sleeping on thin mattresses on the floor. They are sort of bunched about six inches to a foot from each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have been quick to blame Biden for the rise in migrants at the border, saying his promise to end Trump-era policies invited a massive influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After visiting the border earlier this month, Rep. John Katko, R-New York, the ranking member on the House Homeland Security Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://katko.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/katko-mccarthy-lead-delegation-southern-border\">said in a statement\u003c/a> that his experience as a federal prosecutor of organized crime taught him \"that the cartels know when to exploit the southern border, and they're doing it now masterfully. They're doing it because President Biden rolled back a lot of the orders of the previous administration that were working.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Criticism of the Biden administration's immigration policy is growing louder as new images show the conditions of the processing centers migrant families and minors are kept in.",
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"title": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday released photos and video of South Texas immigrant processing centers that have become a renewed focus of criticism for continued poor conditions despite President Biden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912060869/biden-pledges-to-dismantle-trumps-sweeping-immigration-changes-but-can-he-do-tha\">promises to fix Trump-era problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6566913/temporary-processing-facilities\">images appear\u003c/a> partly in response to photos released by Rep. Henry Cuellar and \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/photos-overcrowded-border-patrol-migrant-tents-0525a96b-0dc8-473f-b59c-38b0b3e52760.html\">published by Axios\u003c/a> on Monday showing migrants crammed into \"pods\" divided only by plastic sheathing. Cuellar, a Democrat who represents the border town of Laredo, Texas, said he recently witnessed \"terrible conditions for the children\" at the Donna Processing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg 1404w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the photos released by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) shows detained families and unaccompanied children sit in areas divided by plastic sheathing at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas. \u003ccite>(Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said the \"pods\" were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. He said the children needed to be quickly moved from the facility into the care of the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ought to take care of those kids like they're our own kids,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy comes barely two months into the Biden presidency, amid a surge in migrants coming to the U.S. from Central America that began late last year. The new administration says it sees ending a Trump-era policy of forcing migrants to remain in Mexico while their cases adjudicated as \"a moral imperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">More has to be done to address this growing humanitarian crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant children need our help right now. Not later. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\">https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Rep. Henry Cuellar (@RepCuellar) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepCuellar/status/1374090306392580097?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said one reason he released the photos was because the Biden administration had refused media access to the facility in Donna, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new White House says the Trump administration handed it a crumbling immigration and asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar (D) released a series of photos this Monday that show migrant families and unaccompanied minors detained in a temporary overflow facility in Donna, Texas on March 20, 2021. Cuellar has said the some spaces were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The images appear to show migrants undergoing processing and general living conditions, such as rows of migrants sleeping on mattresses on the ground, covered in silver emergency blankets. Other images show unaccompanied minors and families in line for processing or to receive meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief statement accompanying their release, Customs and Border Protection said it \"continues to transfer unaccompanied minors to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as quickly and efficiently as possible after they are apprehended on the Southwest Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In apparent response to journalists being denied access to the facilities, CBP said that in order \"to protect the health and safety of our workforce and those in our care we continue to discourage external visitors in our facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday, blamed COVID-19 for restricting access by the news media. \"Let's be clear here, we are in the midst of a pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/979014713/hundreds-of-migrant-children-held-in-border-detention-for-more-than-10-days\">NPR reported\u003c/a> that a DHS document indicated more than 500 unaccompanied migrant children and teens had been held in detention centers for more than 10 days in violation of a policy that says they should be moved within 72 hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unaccompanied minors and families wait in line for processing at the temporary processing facilities in Donna, Texas on March 17, 2021. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodriguez Sr/U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked about the report, Connecticut Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/20/979491354/senators-visit-southern-border-amidst-increase-of-unaccompanied-minors\">speaking on NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a>, defended the administration's efforts to address the problems at facilities and to speed up the processing of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days,\" said Murphy, who recently returned from a visit to the Southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, as we speak, they are building new capacity to help house these children and filling new slots in the HHS system,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said that the Biden administration had \"inherited an absolute mess and wreck\" of an immigration system from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about conditions in the facilities, Murphy said they are \"better than what we saw in 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1347px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1347\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg 1347w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1347px) 100vw, 1347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children and families arrive at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas, on March 17. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodríguez Sr./U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"These are not kids in so-called cages. They are not being separated from their family at the border,\" he said, acknowledging, \"But these are facilities that you wouldn't want your child in for more than 10 minutes. They are big rooms. Kids are sleeping on thin mattresses on the floor. They are sort of bunched about six inches to a foot from each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have been quick to blame Biden for the rise in migrants at the border, saying his promise to end Trump-era policies invited a massive influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After visiting the border earlier this month, Rep. John Katko, R-New York, the ranking member on the House Homeland Security Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://katko.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/katko-mccarthy-lead-delegation-southern-border\">said in a statement\u003c/a> that his experience as a federal prosecutor of organized crime taught him \"that the cartels know when to exploit the southern border, and they're doing it now masterfully. They're doing it because President Biden rolled back a lot of the orders of the previous administration that were working.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "is-it-time-for-a-race-reckoning-in-kidney-medicine",
"title": "Is It Time for a Race Reckoning in Kidney Medicine?",
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"headTitle": "Is It Time for a Race Reckoning in Kidney Medicine? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the U.S. grapples with the effects of systemic racism, some in the medical community are questioning whether the tools they use to assess patient health may be contributing to racial health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That debate is playing out most prominently in the world of kidney medicine. Black people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/minorities-KD\">almost four times\u003c/a> more likely to suffer from kidney failure than non-Hispanic whites. And once they get to that stage, Black patients \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27555121/\">spend months longer waiting\u003c/a> for a kidney transplant than white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who are in need of a kidney doctor, visit a site like \u003ca href=\"http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\">http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\u003c/a> to schedule a consultation today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some doctors are asking whether a diagnostic formula most commonly used to assess the health of patients with chronic kidney disease may be unintentionally contributing to those poor outcomes — and reinforcing racist thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool in question is a formula used to estimate GFR, or glomerular filtration rate. It’s a measure of how fast a person’s kidneys filter blood. Lower kidney filtration rates suggest worse kidney function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gold standard for measuring GFR is a burdensome process that involves urine collection over a 24-hour period as well as a blood sample. So instead, doctors and labs routinely estimate kidney function by measuring blood levels of creatinine, a waste product filtered by the kidneys, and then doing a calculation that also factors in the patient’s age and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a patient is African American, the person’s race also plays into this calculation. Doctors and labs will routinely apply what’s called a “race correction” or “race adjustment” to their estimated GFR number so that Black patients with chronic kidney disease end up with higher values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the practice is based on flawed scientific assumptions tinged with racism. And because higher filtration rates suggest better kidney function, critics argue that correcting for race may delay critical referrals to specialists, potentially leading to worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are we on the side of overestimating [filtration rates] if it could result in Black patients getting less care, to put it bluntly?” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/12608/mallika-mendu-internal_medicine-renal_kidney_disease-boston\">Mallika Mendu\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist and executive director for critical care at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, this June, Mendu’s hospital system, Mass General Brigham, became one of a growing number of medical institutions in the U.S. to abandon the use of race in estimating GFR, amid a movement driven by medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other kidney specialists argue that while the use of race in kidney medicine is flawed, the rush to abandon it might cause more harm than it cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is the use of race exacerbating disparities?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mendu co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06280-5\">study published this fall\u003c/a> that found that if the race correction were removed, up to one out of every three Black patients would be reclassified as having a more severe stage of chronic kidney disease. And up to one-quarter of Black patients would have been reclassified from stage 3 to stage 4 of the disease — the final stage before kidney failure, which can trigger more advanced care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings suggest “there is real potential for exacerbating disparities” when a race correction is applied, Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct the study, the researchers turned to a registry of more than 56,000 patients with chronic kidney disease created by the Mass General Brigham hospital network. Of those, 2,225 self-identified as African American. The researchers then recalibrated the Black patients’ estimated GFR values to see what they would be without the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu says perhaps the most striking finding was that when the race correction was removed, 64 Black patients had a kidney filtration rate lower than 20 — the threshold at which patients are referred for a kidney transplant. But Mendu says records showed that none of those 64 patients had actually been referred or evaluated for a transplant, because with the race correction applied, their GFR values were hovering above that threshold.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Vanessa Grubbs, UCSF kidney specialist\"]‘The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a really big deal, she says, because that means those patients lost critical time on the waiting list for a new kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more time you spend on a waitlist, if you’re waiting for a kidney, the more likely you are to get a kidney,” Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these existing disparities, Mendu says, kidney specialists should rethink the use of the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/neil.powe\">Neil Powe\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF, is among those who caution against abandoning race in estimating GFR too quickly. He points out that racial disparities in outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease existed long before the use of race to calculate kidney function became widespread two decades ago. And in the study from Mendu and her colleagues, he notes that 80% of the Black patients who did have an estimated GFR of 20 or lower with the race correction were not referred for a kidney transplant, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says that this suggests the race-based equations “are a smaller part of what’s causing disparities in African Americans getting waitlisted [for a kidney transplant]. And those other things that cause disparities could be racism as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>First, do no harm\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The use of race-adjusted algorithms to estimate kidney filtration rates dates back to 1999. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002\">based on a study\u003c/a> that included 1,304 white people and 197 Black people. The researchers found that, on average, Black people in the study had higher kidney filtration rates than white people at the same blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting that the formula then used to estimate GFR was underestimating kidney function in Black people. So the authors introduced a race correction to the formula that better fit the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006\">Another much larger study, published in 2009\u003c/a>, revised the equation used to estimate GFR but also found that it more accurately reflected measured GFR when it adjusted values for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/vanessa.grubbs\">Vanessa Grubbs\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF and a longtime critic of using a race-adjusted GFR, says the originators of race adjustments in GFR algorithms were unable to explain why Black people might produce and clear creatinine from their bodies differently than white people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One explanation that is often cited is muscle mass, since creatinine is a breakdown product of muscles. In the 1999 study, the authors observed that three previous studies had found Black people on average have greater muscle mass than white people. But as Grubbs noted \u003ca href=\"https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/15/8/1201.long\">in a recent paper\u003c/a>, those studies, now decades old, were small and did not measure muscle mass directly. Yet the use of race as a proxy for muscle mass reinforces the notion that “black bodies are biologically different than white ones,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu notes that in the 2009 study, the majority of all patients — not just Black ones — had a sizable difference between their measured and estimated GFRs, suggesting that GFR is an imprecise variable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she says that race itself is a poor marker of biological difference. “We know that there is more diversity within Black patients than there is genetic diversity between a Black person and a white person,” she says. “To say that somebody being Black is somehow a monolithic thing when it comes to genetics, when it comes to ancestry, I think is challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, she asks, would you apply the race adjustment to someone biracial, like former President Barack Obama?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A movement for change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The debate in kidney medicine comes amid a broader examination of the use of race in clinical diagnostics in the medical community. That reckoning has been brought about in large part by medical students at institutions across the country who have questioned the scientific evidence justifying the use of race in diagnostic formulas and whether that might be perpetuating inequalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference. And then, on the other hand, our clinical faculty were turning around and teaching us that race is being used as a proxy for genetic difference every day in clinical medicine,” says Dr. Leo Eisenstein, a second-year medical resident at New York University and Bellevue hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a medical student at Harvard University, Eisenstein was part of a coalition of students whose research and lobbying efforts convinced Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston to abandon the use of race in GFR in 2017. The students zeroed in on race-adjusted estimated GFR, he says, in part because it seemed to be systematically correcting Black patients to a healthier level in a way that might be less protective.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Leo Eisenstein, NYU and Bellvue hospitals medical resident\"]‘From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Eisenstein and some of his former classmates have advised medical students at other universities who are seeking to convince their institutions to abandon race-based GFR as well. This summer, the \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.uw.edu/news/uw-medicine-exclude-race-calculation-egfr-measure-kidney-function\">University of Washington\u003c/a> health system and \u003ca href=\"https://news.vumc.org/2020/07/13/groups-efforts-lead-to-removal-of-race-as-a-variable-in-common-test-of-kidney-function/\">Vanderbilt University Medical Center\u003c/a> also dropped race from their estimated GFR equations after students teamed up with faculty to examine the strength of the evidence behind the use of race adjustments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eisenstein says for younger generations of medical students who see the world with a racial justice lens, the issue was clear — the race correction had to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re possibly perpetuating or worsening racial health disparities without anyone intending to do so,” says Eisenstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Seeking a new standard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August, the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/newsletter/nkf-and-asn-form-joint-task-force-to-focus-use-race-egfr\">formed a task force\u003c/a> to debate the pros and cons of using race in estimated GFR. The group is expected to issue its interim recommendations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/news/public-forums-announced-to-provide-input-to-joint-task-force-to-reassess-inclusion-race\">January 2021\u003c/a>. Powe is co-chair of the panel; Mendu is on it as well. Both agree that if doctors do continue to use race-adjusted GFR, they need to be transparent with Black patients about it and they should not rely on GFR alone to make decisions about patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another member of the panel, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/physiciandirectory/lesley-inker\">Lesley Inker\u003c/a>, is a kidney specialist at Tufts University who helped develop the revised 2009 GFR algorithm that includes a race correction. She too thinks that the reasons behind the observed differences in GFR values for Black and white patients are not well understood and that the use of race in such calculations has limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s appropriate these questions keep getting asked,” she says.[aside postID=\"news_11842376,news_11852147,news_11826872\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Inker warns that moving to abandon the use of race in GFR too quickly could have widespread unintended consequences and could potentially lead to less care for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the race correction, Inker says, Black patients’ kidney function might look worse than it actually is. For patients with other medical conditions, she says that could mean less access to treatments, clinical trials and medications that they would otherwise have qualified for. For example, metformin is the first drug of choice to treat diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but those with a GFR of 30 or below cannot use the drug, which means they might have to turn to other medications with more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe notes that it could even affect Black patients’ ability to secure life insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says he sees why the use of race to estimate GFR is problematic, but when the data show actual racial and ethnic differences in kidney function, he asks, “Do we just ignore them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s benefits and disadvantages on both sides,” Inker says. Her research group is working on a more precise formula to calculate GFR without the use of demographics, and it’s analyzing how eliminating the race correction could affect patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Inker says, doctors should be asking, “What’s the best outcome for each individual patient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone interviewed for this story agrees that an ideal solution would be to use another biomarker to measure kidney function that does not rely on race. But Powe worries that doctors will start dropping race-corrected estimated GFR before the broader kidney specialist community agrees on what that biomarker should be. “We want to have a standardized approach so that we don’t have chaos in the medical community,” Powe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the use of race in other clinical diagnostic tools has come to the attention of lawmakers. In September, the House Ways and Means Committee \u003ca href=\"https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ways-and-means-committee-issues-request-information-misuse-race-within\">asked medical professional associations\u003c/a> to reexamine the use — and misuse — of race in clinical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their inquiry was prompted in part by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMms2004740\">an article published\u003c/a> this summer in the New England Journal of Medicine — co-authored by Eisenstein — that analyzed 13 clinical algorithms that incorporate a patient’s race in various specialties, from kidney medicine to pulmonology, obstetrics, urology and cardiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the examples cited had the potential to affect the quality of care that people of color receive — for example, by underestimating the risks of heart failure in hospitalized Black patients or by steering more pregnant women of color toward cesarean sections if they’d had one in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s perverse. The minorities are the ones who have the worst health outcomes,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/david-s-jones\">David Jones\u003c/a>, a physician and medical historian at Harvard and a co-author of the NEJM article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones stresses that he and others aren’t calling for medicine to abandon the collection of race data altogether, because it’s necessary in order to understand the racial health disparities that exist in the United States. Instead he says: “We’re calling to take a really close look at predictive uses of race, especially ones that exaggerate or accentuate health disparities.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the U.S. grapples with the effects of systemic racism, some in the medical community are questioning whether the tools they use to assess patient health may be contributing to racial health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That debate is playing out most prominently in the world of kidney medicine. Black people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/minorities-KD\">almost four times\u003c/a> more likely to suffer from kidney failure than non-Hispanic whites. And once they get to that stage, Black patients \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27555121/\">spend months longer waiting\u003c/a> for a kidney transplant than white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who are in need of a kidney doctor, visit a site like \u003ca href=\"http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\">http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\u003c/a> to schedule a consultation today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some doctors are asking whether a diagnostic formula most commonly used to assess the health of patients with chronic kidney disease may be unintentionally contributing to those poor outcomes — and reinforcing racist thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool in question is a formula used to estimate GFR, or glomerular filtration rate. It’s a measure of how fast a person’s kidneys filter blood. Lower kidney filtration rates suggest worse kidney function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gold standard for measuring GFR is a burdensome process that involves urine collection over a 24-hour period as well as a blood sample. So instead, doctors and labs routinely estimate kidney function by measuring blood levels of creatinine, a waste product filtered by the kidneys, and then doing a calculation that also factors in the patient’s age and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a patient is African American, the person’s race also plays into this calculation. Doctors and labs will routinely apply what’s called a “race correction” or “race adjustment” to their estimated GFR number so that Black patients with chronic kidney disease end up with higher values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the practice is based on flawed scientific assumptions tinged with racism. And because higher filtration rates suggest better kidney function, critics argue that correcting for race may delay critical referrals to specialists, potentially leading to worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are we on the side of overestimating [filtration rates] if it could result in Black patients getting less care, to put it bluntly?” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/12608/mallika-mendu-internal_medicine-renal_kidney_disease-boston\">Mallika Mendu\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist and executive director for critical care at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, this June, Mendu’s hospital system, Mass General Brigham, became one of a growing number of medical institutions in the U.S. to abandon the use of race in estimating GFR, amid a movement driven by medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other kidney specialists argue that while the use of race in kidney medicine is flawed, the rush to abandon it might cause more harm than it cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is the use of race exacerbating disparities?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mendu co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06280-5\">study published this fall\u003c/a> that found that if the race correction were removed, up to one out of every three Black patients would be reclassified as having a more severe stage of chronic kidney disease. And up to one-quarter of Black patients would have been reclassified from stage 3 to stage 4 of the disease — the final stage before kidney failure, which can trigger more advanced care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings suggest “there is real potential for exacerbating disparities” when a race correction is applied, Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct the study, the researchers turned to a registry of more than 56,000 patients with chronic kidney disease created by the Mass General Brigham hospital network. Of those, 2,225 self-identified as African American. The researchers then recalibrated the Black patients’ estimated GFR values to see what they would be without the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu says perhaps the most striking finding was that when the race correction was removed, 64 Black patients had a kidney filtration rate lower than 20 — the threshold at which patients are referred for a kidney transplant. But Mendu says records showed that none of those 64 patients had actually been referred or evaluated for a transplant, because with the race correction applied, their GFR values were hovering above that threshold.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a really big deal, she says, because that means those patients lost critical time on the waiting list for a new kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more time you spend on a waitlist, if you’re waiting for a kidney, the more likely you are to get a kidney,” Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these existing disparities, Mendu says, kidney specialists should rethink the use of the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/neil.powe\">Neil Powe\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF, is among those who caution against abandoning race in estimating GFR too quickly. He points out that racial disparities in outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease existed long before the use of race to calculate kidney function became widespread two decades ago. And in the study from Mendu and her colleagues, he notes that 80% of the Black patients who did have an estimated GFR of 20 or lower with the race correction were not referred for a kidney transplant, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says that this suggests the race-based equations “are a smaller part of what’s causing disparities in African Americans getting waitlisted [for a kidney transplant]. And those other things that cause disparities could be racism as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>First, do no harm\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The use of race-adjusted algorithms to estimate kidney filtration rates dates back to 1999. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002\">based on a study\u003c/a> that included 1,304 white people and 197 Black people. The researchers found that, on average, Black people in the study had higher kidney filtration rates than white people at the same blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting that the formula then used to estimate GFR was underestimating kidney function in Black people. So the authors introduced a race correction to the formula that better fit the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006\">Another much larger study, published in 2009\u003c/a>, revised the equation used to estimate GFR but also found that it more accurately reflected measured GFR when it adjusted values for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/vanessa.grubbs\">Vanessa Grubbs\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF and a longtime critic of using a race-adjusted GFR, says the originators of race adjustments in GFR algorithms were unable to explain why Black people might produce and clear creatinine from their bodies differently than white people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One explanation that is often cited is muscle mass, since creatinine is a breakdown product of muscles. In the 1999 study, the authors observed that three previous studies had found Black people on average have greater muscle mass than white people. But as Grubbs noted \u003ca href=\"https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/15/8/1201.long\">in a recent paper\u003c/a>, those studies, now decades old, were small and did not measure muscle mass directly. Yet the use of race as a proxy for muscle mass reinforces the notion that “black bodies are biologically different than white ones,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu notes that in the 2009 study, the majority of all patients — not just Black ones — had a sizable difference between their measured and estimated GFRs, suggesting that GFR is an imprecise variable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she says that race itself is a poor marker of biological difference. “We know that there is more diversity within Black patients than there is genetic diversity between a Black person and a white person,” she says. “To say that somebody being Black is somehow a monolithic thing when it comes to genetics, when it comes to ancestry, I think is challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, she asks, would you apply the race adjustment to someone biracial, like former President Barack Obama?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A movement for change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The debate in kidney medicine comes amid a broader examination of the use of race in clinical diagnostics in the medical community. That reckoning has been brought about in large part by medical students at institutions across the country who have questioned the scientific evidence justifying the use of race in diagnostic formulas and whether that might be perpetuating inequalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference. And then, on the other hand, our clinical faculty were turning around and teaching us that race is being used as a proxy for genetic difference every day in clinical medicine,” says Dr. Leo Eisenstein, a second-year medical resident at New York University and Bellevue hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a medical student at Harvard University, Eisenstein was part of a coalition of students whose research and lobbying efforts convinced Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston to abandon the use of race in GFR in 2017. The students zeroed in on race-adjusted estimated GFR, he says, in part because it seemed to be systematically correcting Black patients to a healthier level in a way that might be less protective.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Eisenstein and some of his former classmates have advised medical students at other universities who are seeking to convince their institutions to abandon race-based GFR as well. This summer, the \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.uw.edu/news/uw-medicine-exclude-race-calculation-egfr-measure-kidney-function\">University of Washington\u003c/a> health system and \u003ca href=\"https://news.vumc.org/2020/07/13/groups-efforts-lead-to-removal-of-race-as-a-variable-in-common-test-of-kidney-function/\">Vanderbilt University Medical Center\u003c/a> also dropped race from their estimated GFR equations after students teamed up with faculty to examine the strength of the evidence behind the use of race adjustments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eisenstein says for younger generations of medical students who see the world with a racial justice lens, the issue was clear — the race correction had to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re possibly perpetuating or worsening racial health disparities without anyone intending to do so,” says Eisenstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Seeking a new standard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August, the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/newsletter/nkf-and-asn-form-joint-task-force-to-focus-use-race-egfr\">formed a task force\u003c/a> to debate the pros and cons of using race in estimated GFR. The group is expected to issue its interim recommendations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/news/public-forums-announced-to-provide-input-to-joint-task-force-to-reassess-inclusion-race\">January 2021\u003c/a>. Powe is co-chair of the panel; Mendu is on it as well. Both agree that if doctors do continue to use race-adjusted GFR, they need to be transparent with Black patients about it and they should not rely on GFR alone to make decisions about patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another member of the panel, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/physiciandirectory/lesley-inker\">Lesley Inker\u003c/a>, is a kidney specialist at Tufts University who helped develop the revised 2009 GFR algorithm that includes a race correction. She too thinks that the reasons behind the observed differences in GFR values for Black and white patients are not well understood and that the use of race in such calculations has limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s appropriate these questions keep getting asked,” she says.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Inker warns that moving to abandon the use of race in GFR too quickly could have widespread unintended consequences and could potentially lead to less care for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the race correction, Inker says, Black patients’ kidney function might look worse than it actually is. For patients with other medical conditions, she says that could mean less access to treatments, clinical trials and medications that they would otherwise have qualified for. For example, metformin is the first drug of choice to treat diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but those with a GFR of 30 or below cannot use the drug, which means they might have to turn to other medications with more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe notes that it could even affect Black patients’ ability to secure life insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says he sees why the use of race to estimate GFR is problematic, but when the data show actual racial and ethnic differences in kidney function, he asks, “Do we just ignore them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s benefits and disadvantages on both sides,” Inker says. Her research group is working on a more precise formula to calculate GFR without the use of demographics, and it’s analyzing how eliminating the race correction could affect patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Inker says, doctors should be asking, “What’s the best outcome for each individual patient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone interviewed for this story agrees that an ideal solution would be to use another biomarker to measure kidney function that does not rely on race. But Powe worries that doctors will start dropping race-corrected estimated GFR before the broader kidney specialist community agrees on what that biomarker should be. “We want to have a standardized approach so that we don’t have chaos in the medical community,” Powe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the use of race in other clinical diagnostic tools has come to the attention of lawmakers. In September, the House Ways and Means Committee \u003ca href=\"https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ways-and-means-committee-issues-request-information-misuse-race-within\">asked medical professional associations\u003c/a> to reexamine the use — and misuse — of race in clinical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their inquiry was prompted in part by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMms2004740\">an article published\u003c/a> this summer in the New England Journal of Medicine — co-authored by Eisenstein — that analyzed 13 clinical algorithms that incorporate a patient’s race in various specialties, from kidney medicine to pulmonology, obstetrics, urology and cardiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the examples cited had the potential to affect the quality of care that people of color receive — for example, by underestimating the risks of heart failure in hospitalized Black patients or by steering more pregnant women of color toward cesarean sections if they’d had one in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s perverse. The minorities are the ones who have the worst health outcomes,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/david-s-jones\">David Jones\u003c/a>, a physician and medical historian at Harvard and a co-author of the NEJM article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones stresses that he and others aren’t calling for medicine to abandon the collection of race data altogether, because it’s necessary in order to understand the racial health disparities that exist in the United States. Instead he says: “We’re calling to take a really close look at predictive uses of race, especially ones that exaggerate or accentuate health disparities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "To Manage Wildfire, California Looks to What Tribes Have Known All Along",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a cool February morning, around 60 people gathered in the Sierra Nevada foothills to take part in a ceremony that, for many decades, was banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men and women from Native American tribes in Northern California stood in a circle, alongside university students and locals from around the town of Mariposa. Several wore bright yellow shirts made of flame-resistant fabric. For the next two days, the group would be carefully lighting fires in the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also sprinkled throughout the crowd were officials from the state government, which a century ago had largely prohibited California's tribes from continuing their ancient practice of controlled burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has always been part of California's landscape. But long before the vast blazes of recent years, Native American tribes held annual controlled burns that cleared out underbrush and encouraged new plant growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the North Fork Mono\"]'We don't put fire on the ground and not know how it's going to turn out. That's what makes it cultural burning, because we cultivate.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with wildfires raging across Northern California, joining other record-breaking fires from recent years, government officials say tackling the fire problem will mean bringing back \"good fire,\" much like California's tribes once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't put fire on the ground and not know how it's going to turn out,\" Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.northforkrancheria-nsn.gov/\">North Fork Mono\u003c/a>, tells the group. \"That's what makes it cultural burning, because we cultivate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Western settlers forcibly removed tribes from their land and banned religious ceremonies, cultural burning largely disappeared. Instead, state and federal authorities focused on swiftly extinguishing wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire suppression has only made California's wildfire risk worse. Without regular burns, the landscape grew thick with vegetation that dries out every summer, creating kindling for the fires that have recently destroyed California communities. Climate change and warming temperatures make those landscapes even more fire-prone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, tribal leaders and government officials are forging new partnerships. State and federal land managers have hundreds of thousands of acres that need careful burning to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires. Tribes are eager to gain access to those ancestral lands to restore traditional burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is old land,\" Goode tells the circle. \"It's been in use for thousands and thousands of years. And so what we're doing out here is restoring life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835096\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11835096\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-2048x1150.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1920x1078.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Goode and Ray Gutteriez keep an eye on a burning sourberry bush. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cultural Burning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a blessing, the group grabs shovels and chainsaws before heading out into the brush. It's late winter, and Mariposa's oak woodlands are dry and largely dormant, which is when controlled burning is safest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sourberries,\" Goode says, spotting a bare-limbed, tangled bush. \"Three-leaf sumac. There's a good one right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group begins harvesting the long branches, which are used in traditional basket-weaving. It can take hundreds of branches to create just one piece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the North Fork Mono\"]'When I was a kid, I learned from my mother. But my mother got in trouble when she burned because the fire department didn't want her doing what we're doing today.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray Gutteriez then takes a lighter to burn the plant, which encourages new growth that produces the flexible, straight branches prized by weavers. The plant is adapted to fire. Its root stock remains intact after burning and will quickly resprout after spring rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of our basket material needs to be tended to in some way,\" Gutteriez says, an ecologist and member of the Wuksachi Band of Mono Indians. \"So they need to be burned, and they're used to being burned. And then next year, we'll probably have sticks that are 6, 7 feet tall in one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also burns a large field, several acres across, which is choked with dead grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was a kid, I learned from my mother,\" Goode says of when he first started doing cultural burning. \"But my mother got in trouble when she burned because the fire department didn't want her doing what we're doing today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>History of Suppression\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before 1800, \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Stephens-et-al.-CA-fire-area-FEM-2007.pdf\">several million acres burned every year\u003c/a> in California due to both Indigenous burning and lightning-caused fires, far more than even the worst wildfire years today. Tribes used low-grade fires to shape the landscape, encouraging certain plants to grow both for tribal use and to attract game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival of Western settlers dramatically changed the fire regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They came with their concepts of being afraid of fire,\" Goode says. \"They didn't understand fire in the sense of the tool that it could be to create and what it did to help generate and rejuvenate the land. So they brought in suppression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service infamously had the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2007_donovan_j001.pdf\">10 a.m. policy\u003c/a>\": to put out all forest fires by 10 a.m. the next day. Without regular fires to clear out underbrush, forests quickly became overgrown, creating the conditions for more extreme fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cultural burn is very spiritual,\" Keith Turner of the North Fork Mono says. \"I used to fight fire for the Forest Service. And it was all about fighting fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native American tribes were forcibly displaced, and their religious ceremonies were banned throughout the state by the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was actually a bounty on California Indian people,\" says Beth Rose Middleton Manning, professor of Native American studies at the University of California, Davis. \"The governor had announced a war of extermination. So you have all that history, and it really fostered removal — settler ownership of Indigenous lands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Goode and other tribal leaders have been reaching out to ecologists, researchers and fire agencies about the importance of Indigenous knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's really important that we don't think about traditional burning as: what information can we learn from native people and then exclude people and move on with non-natives managing the land,\" Middleton Manning says. \"But that native people are at the forefront and leading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Forming Partnerships\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With wildfires causing record-breaking destruction in the last few years, California has committed to reducing the vegetation \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/12/31/california-certifies-statewide-programmatic-environmental-impact-review-to-protect-californians-from-catastrophic-wildfires/\">on a half-million acres\u003c/a>. The federal government has set a similar goal. But there's a long way to go to reach those numbers, and controlled burning can be challenging in landscapes with too much fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fire is a very wicked problem when you have years of suppression, because the longer you don't have fire in the system, the harder it is to put it back in,\" says Jonathan Long, ecologist with the Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station. \"So what we're trying to do is get these footholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.karuk.us/index.php/departments/natural-resources/eco-cultural-revitalization/wildland-fire-program\">Karuk\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a> tribes have partnered with the Forest Service to manage land for traditional values and wildfire management. \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2019/08/27/traditional-fire-management-help-revitalize-american-indian-cultures/\">Studies have shown\u003c/a> that the two goals work hand in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"wildfires\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By having these partnerships with the tribes, I think we can get that very frequent use of fire back in the system,\" Long says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Montgomery uses a drip torch, essentially a beefed-up lighter, to spread a line of fire at the corner of a field. As director of California's Forest Management Task Force, she knows the state is working against the clock to address its growing wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an opportunity for me to see how effective cultural fire can be in addressing the issues we have around uncontrolled wildfire,\" Montgomery says. \"The work that we did today, if a fire comes through there, it will drop down to the ground and frankly it may, given the right circumstances, just stop the fire entirely on its own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it's early days in developing these partnerships for many tribes, particularly after a long history of inequality created and reinforced by the government. Many California regional air regulators require burn permits over concerns about smoke and air pollution. Some counties offer special permits for tribes to facilitate their burns, but others don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goode says he is hoping that bringing together a wide network of researchers, officials, students and tribes will help those conversations happen faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm excited,\" he says, looking across the blackened field in the early evening light. \"I'm elated. Because I'm looking around at what we've done. How beautiful the land is looking. And it is. It is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Manage+Wildfire%2C+California+Looks+To+What+Tribes+Have+Known+All+Along&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a cool February morning, around 60 people gathered in the Sierra Nevada foothills to take part in a ceremony that, for many decades, was banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men and women from Native American tribes in Northern California stood in a circle, alongside university students and locals from around the town of Mariposa. Several wore bright yellow shirts made of flame-resistant fabric. For the next two days, the group would be carefully lighting fires in the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also sprinkled throughout the crowd were officials from the state government, which a century ago had largely prohibited California's tribes from continuing their ancient practice of controlled burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has always been part of California's landscape. But long before the vast blazes of recent years, Native American tribes held annual controlled burns that cleared out underbrush and encouraged new plant growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with wildfires raging across Northern California, joining other record-breaking fires from recent years, government officials say tackling the fire problem will mean bringing back \"good fire,\" much like California's tribes once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't put fire on the ground and not know how it's going to turn out,\" Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.northforkrancheria-nsn.gov/\">North Fork Mono\u003c/a>, tells the group. \"That's what makes it cultural burning, because we cultivate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Western settlers forcibly removed tribes from their land and banned religious ceremonies, cultural burning largely disappeared. Instead, state and federal authorities focused on swiftly extinguishing wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire suppression has only made California's wildfire risk worse. Without regular burns, the landscape grew thick with vegetation that dries out every summer, creating kindling for the fires that have recently destroyed California communities. Climate change and warming temperatures make those landscapes even more fire-prone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, tribal leaders and government officials are forging new partnerships. State and federal land managers have hundreds of thousands of acres that need careful burning to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires. Tribes are eager to gain access to those ancestral lands to restore traditional burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is old land,\" Goode tells the circle. \"It's been in use for thousands and thousands of years. And so what we're doing out here is restoring life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835096\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11835096\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-2048x1150.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1920x1078.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Goode and Ray Gutteriez keep an eye on a burning sourberry bush. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cultural Burning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a blessing, the group grabs shovels and chainsaws before heading out into the brush. It's late winter, and Mariposa's oak woodlands are dry and largely dormant, which is when controlled burning is safest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sourberries,\" Goode says, spotting a bare-limbed, tangled bush. \"Three-leaf sumac. There's a good one right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group begins harvesting the long branches, which are used in traditional basket-weaving. It can take hundreds of branches to create just one piece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray Gutteriez then takes a lighter to burn the plant, which encourages new growth that produces the flexible, straight branches prized by weavers. The plant is adapted to fire. Its root stock remains intact after burning and will quickly resprout after spring rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of our basket material needs to be tended to in some way,\" Gutteriez says, an ecologist and member of the Wuksachi Band of Mono Indians. \"So they need to be burned, and they're used to being burned. And then next year, we'll probably have sticks that are 6, 7 feet tall in one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also burns a large field, several acres across, which is choked with dead grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was a kid, I learned from my mother,\" Goode says of when he first started doing cultural burning. \"But my mother got in trouble when she burned because the fire department didn't want her doing what we're doing today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>History of Suppression\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before 1800, \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Stephens-et-al.-CA-fire-area-FEM-2007.pdf\">several million acres burned every year\u003c/a> in California due to both Indigenous burning and lightning-caused fires, far more than even the worst wildfire years today. Tribes used low-grade fires to shape the landscape, encouraging certain plants to grow both for tribal use and to attract game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival of Western settlers dramatically changed the fire regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They came with their concepts of being afraid of fire,\" Goode says. \"They didn't understand fire in the sense of the tool that it could be to create and what it did to help generate and rejuvenate the land. So they brought in suppression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service infamously had the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2007_donovan_j001.pdf\">10 a.m. policy\u003c/a>\": to put out all forest fires by 10 a.m. the next day. Without regular fires to clear out underbrush, forests quickly became overgrown, creating the conditions for more extreme fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cultural burn is very spiritual,\" Keith Turner of the North Fork Mono says. \"I used to fight fire for the Forest Service. And it was all about fighting fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native American tribes were forcibly displaced, and their religious ceremonies were banned throughout the state by the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was actually a bounty on California Indian people,\" says Beth Rose Middleton Manning, professor of Native American studies at the University of California, Davis. \"The governor had announced a war of extermination. So you have all that history, and it really fostered removal — settler ownership of Indigenous lands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Goode and other tribal leaders have been reaching out to ecologists, researchers and fire agencies about the importance of Indigenous knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's really important that we don't think about traditional burning as: what information can we learn from native people and then exclude people and move on with non-natives managing the land,\" Middleton Manning says. \"But that native people are at the forefront and leading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Forming Partnerships\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With wildfires causing record-breaking destruction in the last few years, California has committed to reducing the vegetation \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/12/31/california-certifies-statewide-programmatic-environmental-impact-review-to-protect-californians-from-catastrophic-wildfires/\">on a half-million acres\u003c/a>. The federal government has set a similar goal. But there's a long way to go to reach those numbers, and controlled burning can be challenging in landscapes with too much fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fire is a very wicked problem when you have years of suppression, because the longer you don't have fire in the system, the harder it is to put it back in,\" says Jonathan Long, ecologist with the Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station. \"So what we're trying to do is get these footholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.karuk.us/index.php/departments/natural-resources/eco-cultural-revitalization/wildland-fire-program\">Karuk\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a> tribes have partnered with the Forest Service to manage land for traditional values and wildfire management. \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2019/08/27/traditional-fire-management-help-revitalize-american-indian-cultures/\">Studies have shown\u003c/a> that the two goals work hand in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By having these partnerships with the tribes, I think we can get that very frequent use of fire back in the system,\" Long says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Montgomery uses a drip torch, essentially a beefed-up lighter, to spread a line of fire at the corner of a field. As director of California's Forest Management Task Force, she knows the state is working against the clock to address its growing wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an opportunity for me to see how effective cultural fire can be in addressing the issues we have around uncontrolled wildfire,\" Montgomery says. \"The work that we did today, if a fire comes through there, it will drop down to the ground and frankly it may, given the right circumstances, just stop the fire entirely on its own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it's early days in developing these partnerships for many tribes, particularly after a long history of inequality created and reinforced by the government. Many California regional air regulators require burn permits over concerns about smoke and air pollution. Some counties offer special permits for tribes to facilitate their burns, but others don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goode says he is hoping that bringing together a wide network of researchers, officials, students and tribes will help those conversations happen faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm excited,\" he says, looking across the blackened field in the early evening light. \"I'm elated. Because I'm looking around at what we've done. How beautiful the land is looking. And it is. It is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Manage+Wildfire%2C+California+Looks+To+What+Tribes+Have+Known+All+Along&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "FBI, State to Oversee Probe Into Black Man's Hanging Death as Demands Grow for Answers",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal authorities will monitor the investigation into the death of a black man found hanging from a tree in the Southern California city of Palmdale, officials said Monday following large weekend protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Fuller’s body was found the previous Wednesday morning in Poncitlán Square in Palmdale. The 24-year-old’s death was deemed a likely suicide based on preliminary findings, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesCountySheriffsDepartment/posts/3649520038408216\">Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fuller’s family and supporters are pushing back against the department’s assessment, saying his death appears to be a lynching. A growing number of residents and officials in Los Angeles County are demanding answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office and the FBI’s Civil Rights Division will oversee the investigation into Fuller’s death, which is being led by the Los Angeles County sheriff’s homicide bureau, Sheriff Alex Villanueva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s office has completed an autopsy but is awaiting toxicology results, Dr. Jonathan Lucas said. Investigators are also looking at Fuller’s medical history. Homicide detectives plan to analyze the rope and its knot, canvass the area for video footage, interview Fuller’s social services case worker and speak to anyone who had recently interacted with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are also seeking to meet with Fuller’s family, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death came 10 days after another black man was found hanging from a tree about 50 miles away in Victorville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the state Senate began its session with a moment of silence for Fuller and Malcolm Harsch. The death of Harsch, the 38-year-old black man who was found on May 31, came to light after Fuller’s case. Harsch’s family told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvng.com/sheriffs-department-says-foul-play-not-suspected-after-black-man-found-hanging-in-tree-near-victorville-city-library/\">Victor Valley News\u003c/a> on Saturday that “the explanation of suicide does not seem plausible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villanueva said his investigators will consult with San Bernardino detectives to see if there are any commonalities between the deaths of the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Community’s Call for Justice Grows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, hundreds gathered in the park where Fuller’s body was found demanding an investigation into his death. Throughout the day, protesters marched through the city’s major thoroughfares and to the Palmdale’s Sheriff Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Diamond Alexander, Robert Fuller's sister\"]‘We really want to find out the truth of what really happened. It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally near the tree where her brother’s body was found, Fuller’s sister, Diamond Alexander, expressed her skepticism that he died by suicide and said her family still had unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to find out the truth of what really happened,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/josie_huang/status/1271872174152773632?s=20\">said Alexander, choking up \u003c/a>while speaking about her brother’s death. “It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death reverberated through Palmdale and much of the region. The city is part of the Antelope Valley, a metro area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/the-shifting-demographics-of-antelope-valley-and-developments-consequences\">that has transformed\u003c/a> from a majority-white community into a racially diverse exurb in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift has not been without tensions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted\">Neo-Nazi groups\u003c/a> have been reported in the area. There have also been Justice Department actions over alleged \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/housing-authority-los-angeles-county-and-cities-lancaster-california-and-palmdale-california\">discriminatory housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-releases-findings-antelope-valley-stations-los-angeles-county-sheriff-s\">policing practices \u003c/a>in Palmdale and the neighboring city of Lancaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department announced a virtual town hall with Palmdale and Lancaster residents for Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More officials lined up behind the Fuller family’s demands for answers over the weekend. The Los Angeles County supervisor for the 5th District, Kathryn Barger, asked state Attorney General Xavier Becerra to get involved in an independent investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"george-floyd\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your role as the lead attorney and law enforcement official for the State of California will lend additional credibility, expertise and sensitivity to an already grieving community that deserves answers,” Barger \u003ca href=\"https://kathrynbarger.lacounty.gov/letter-to-xavier-becerra/\">wrote in a letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post Saturday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2995594557201695\">the city of Palmdale\u003c/a> said it’s “joining the family and the community’s call for justice, and we do support a full investigation into his death. We will settle for nothing less than a thorough accounting of this matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other city officials who had earlier echoed the county’s findings seemed to join the call, including Palmdale City Manager J.J. Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City of Palmdale will do everything we can to assist Mr. Fuller’s family during this difficult time as we all wait to learn more about his tragic death,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2993904557370695\">Murphy said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement a day earlier, Murphy said the county had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpalmdale.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=363&fbclid=IwAR3KkOvIIhPI28kya_i3BJIVR7n5T6-wqq2uAltuG8NMGJ2UQMISn03oMaM\">confirmed that Fuller\u003c/a> had died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+City+Residents+Demand+Answers+After+Black+Man+Found+Hanging+From+Tree&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal authorities will monitor the investigation into the death of a black man found hanging from a tree in the Southern California city of Palmdale, officials said Monday following large weekend protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Fuller’s body was found the previous Wednesday morning in Poncitlán Square in Palmdale. The 24-year-old’s death was deemed a likely suicide based on preliminary findings, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesCountySheriffsDepartment/posts/3649520038408216\">Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fuller’s family and supporters are pushing back against the department’s assessment, saying his death appears to be a lynching. A growing number of residents and officials in Los Angeles County are demanding answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office and the FBI’s Civil Rights Division will oversee the investigation into Fuller’s death, which is being led by the Los Angeles County sheriff’s homicide bureau, Sheriff Alex Villanueva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s office has completed an autopsy but is awaiting toxicology results, Dr. Jonathan Lucas said. Investigators are also looking at Fuller’s medical history. Homicide detectives plan to analyze the rope and its knot, canvass the area for video footage, interview Fuller’s social services case worker and speak to anyone who had recently interacted with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are also seeking to meet with Fuller’s family, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death came 10 days after another black man was found hanging from a tree about 50 miles away in Victorville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the state Senate began its session with a moment of silence for Fuller and Malcolm Harsch. The death of Harsch, the 38-year-old black man who was found on May 31, came to light after Fuller’s case. Harsch’s family told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvng.com/sheriffs-department-says-foul-play-not-suspected-after-black-man-found-hanging-in-tree-near-victorville-city-library/\">Victor Valley News\u003c/a> on Saturday that “the explanation of suicide does not seem plausible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villanueva said his investigators will consult with San Bernardino detectives to see if there are any commonalities between the deaths of the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Community’s Call for Justice Grows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, hundreds gathered in the park where Fuller’s body was found demanding an investigation into his death. Throughout the day, protesters marched through the city’s major thoroughfares and to the Palmdale’s Sheriff Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally near the tree where her brother’s body was found, Fuller’s sister, Diamond Alexander, expressed her skepticism that he died by suicide and said her family still had unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to find out the truth of what really happened,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/josie_huang/status/1271872174152773632?s=20\">said Alexander, choking up \u003c/a>while speaking about her brother’s death. “It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death reverberated through Palmdale and much of the region. The city is part of the Antelope Valley, a metro area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/the-shifting-demographics-of-antelope-valley-and-developments-consequences\">that has transformed\u003c/a> from a majority-white community into a racially diverse exurb in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift has not been without tensions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted\">Neo-Nazi groups\u003c/a> have been reported in the area. There have also been Justice Department actions over alleged \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/housing-authority-los-angeles-county-and-cities-lancaster-california-and-palmdale-california\">discriminatory housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-releases-findings-antelope-valley-stations-los-angeles-county-sheriff-s\">policing practices \u003c/a>in Palmdale and the neighboring city of Lancaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department announced a virtual town hall with Palmdale and Lancaster residents for Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More officials lined up behind the Fuller family’s demands for answers over the weekend. The Los Angeles County supervisor for the 5th District, Kathryn Barger, asked state Attorney General Xavier Becerra to get involved in an independent investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your role as the lead attorney and law enforcement official for the State of California will lend additional credibility, expertise and sensitivity to an already grieving community that deserves answers,” Barger \u003ca href=\"https://kathrynbarger.lacounty.gov/letter-to-xavier-becerra/\">wrote in a letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post Saturday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2995594557201695\">the city of Palmdale\u003c/a> said it’s “joining the family and the community’s call for justice, and we do support a full investigation into his death. We will settle for nothing less than a thorough accounting of this matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other city officials who had earlier echoed the county’s findings seemed to join the call, including Palmdale City Manager J.J. Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City of Palmdale will do everything we can to assist Mr. Fuller’s family during this difficult time as we all wait to learn more about his tragic death,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2993904557370695\">Murphy said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement a day earlier, Murphy said the county had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpalmdale.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=363&fbclid=IwAR3KkOvIIhPI28kya_i3BJIVR7n5T6-wqq2uAltuG8NMGJ2UQMISn03oMaM\">confirmed that Fuller\u003c/a> had died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+City+Residents+Demand+Answers+After+Black+Man+Found+Hanging+From+Tree&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The World Cup champion U.S. women’s soccer team is vowing to fight on after a judge dismissed key parts of their lawsuit seeking compensation equal to that of their male counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. women filed the suit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California in March 2019, months after the U.S. men’s soccer team failed to qualify for the World Cup in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal Judge R. Gary Klausner rejected the women’s team’s argument over receiving lower pay than the U.S. men’s team. He also dismissed a claim of unequal working conditions related to the number of turf and real grass pitches. While the judge did allow other claims in the lawsuit to move forward to trial, for the women \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11757919/u-s-womens-soccer-team-fighting-for-world-cup-win-and-pay-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">who won the hearts of the nation with a romp to the World Cup title last year\u003c/a>, the ruling is a major blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are shocked and disappointed with today’s decision, but we will not give up our hard work for equal pay,” Molly Levinson, spokesperson for the players, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Team co-captain Megan Rapinoe tweeted: “We will never stop fighting for EQUALITY.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mPinoe/status/1256373201283809281\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit argued in part that “the female players have been consistently paid less money than their male counterparts. This is true even though their performance has been superior to that of the male players.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. women then went on to dominate the 2019 tournament, culminating with a 2-0 win over the Netherlands that fueled support for their claim that they were undervalued. The crowd cheering the team’s victory in France erupted into a chant of “equal pay, equal pay!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In dismissing the women’s claim that they are paid less for the same work, Klausner pointed to differences in the structure of the men’s and women’s contracts — contracts to which they agreed in collective bargaining. [aside tag='soccer, pay equity' label='More on soccer and equity']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The WNT [Women’s National Team] rejected an offer to be paid under the same pay-to-play structure as the MNT [Men’s National Team] and … the WNT was willing to forgo higher bonuses for other benefits, such as greater base compensation and the guarantee of a higher number of contracted players,” Klausner wrote. “Accordingly, Plaintiffs cannot now retroactively deem their CBA worse than the MNT CBA by reference to what they would have made had they been paid under the MNT’s pay-to-play structure when they themselves rejected such a structure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said the women’s contract guarantees players will be paid regardless of whether they play. The men are paid if they are called into camp to play and then participate in a match. On this point, Klausner said, the plaintiff’s statements “were insufficient to establish a genuine dispute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Klausner’s ruling Friday, Levinson promised that the women “will appeal and press on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have learned that there are tremendous obstacles to change,” she said. “We know that it takes bravery and courage and perseverance to stand up to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, U.S. Soccer expressed hope for a less acrimonious future: “We look forward to working with the Women’s National Team to chart a positive path forward to grow the game … we are committed to continuing that work to ensure our Women’s National Team remains the best in the world and sets the standard for women’s soccer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trial for the remaining portions of the lawsuit, which include allegations of differences in men’s and women’s travel and hotel accommodations, is set to begin in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the judge’s decision \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6881283/Document.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The WNT [Women’s National Team] rejected an offer to be paid under the same pay-to-play structure as the MNT [Men’s National Team] and … the WNT was willing to forgo higher bonuses for other benefits, such as greater base compensation and the guarantee of a higher number of contracted players,” Klausner wrote. “Accordingly, Plaintiffs cannot now retroactively deem their CBA worse than the MNT CBA by reference to what they would have made had they been paid under the MNT’s pay-to-play structure when they themselves rejected such a structure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said the women’s contract guarantees players will be paid regardless of whether they play. The men are paid if they are called into camp to play and then participate in a match. On this point, Klausner said, the plaintiff’s statements “were insufficient to establish a genuine dispute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Klausner’s ruling Friday, Levinson promised that the women “will appeal and press on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have learned that there are tremendous obstacles to change,” she said. “We know that it takes bravery and courage and perseverance to stand up to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, U.S. Soccer expressed hope for a less acrimonious future: “We look forward to working with the Women’s National Team to chart a positive path forward to grow the game … we are committed to continuing that work to ensure our Women’s National Team remains the best in the world and sets the standard for women’s soccer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trial for the remaining portions of the lawsuit, which include allegations of differences in men’s and women’s travel and hotel accommodations, is set to begin in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the judge’s decision \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6881283/Document.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a nearly empty St. Peter's Basilica, Pope Francis celebrated Easter in virtual solitude on Sunday, calling for the world to come together in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is \"oppressed by a pandemic severely testing our whole human family,\" Francis said, according to a translation provided by the Vatican. In the midst of that suffering, Francis said, the message that Christ has risen is \"the contagion of hope.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Pope Francis\"]'May Jesus, our Passover, grant strength and hope to doctors and nurses, who everywhere offer a witness of care and love for our neighbors, to the point of exhaustion and not infrequently at the expense of their own health.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For many, this is an Easter of solitude lived amid the sorrow and hardship that the pandemic is causing, from physical suffering to economic difficulties,\" Francis said. \"May Jesus, our Passover, grant strength and hope to doctors and nurses, who everywhere offer a witness of care and love for our neighbors, to the point of exhaustion and not infrequently at the expense of their own health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surreal service, which was streamed live to millions around the world, echoed similar ceremonies throughout the world, held in front of empty pews as congregants stayed home and watched over the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francis implored political leaders to relax international sanctions, which he said harm citizens who rely on support from their governments. Francis called for nations to reduce — or even forgive — the poorest countries' debts. And he asked for an \"immediate global ceasefire\" for all nations engaged in conflicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='coronavirus']Francis likened the current adversity to the hardship Europe faced rebuilding after World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This continent was able to rise again, thanks to a concrete spirit of solidarity that enabled it to overcome the rivalries of the past,\" Francis said. \"It is more urgent than ever, especially in the present circumstances, that these rivalries do not regain force, but that all recognize themselves as part of a single family and support one another.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Francis likened the current adversity to the hardship Europe faced rebuilding after World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This continent was able to rise again, thanks to a concrete spirit of solidarity that enabled it to overcome the rivalries of the past,\" Francis said. \"It is more urgent than ever, especially in the present circumstances, that these rivalries do not regain force, but that all recognize themselves as part of a single family and support one another.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On weekday evenings, sisters Lesley Laine and Lisa Ingle stage online happy hours from the Southern California home they share. It's something they've been enjoying with local and faraway friends during this period of social distancing and self-isolation. And on a recent evening, I shared a toast with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We laughed and had fun during our half-hour Facetime meetup. But unlike our pre-pandemic visits, we now worried out loud about a lot of things – like our millennial-aged kids: their health and jobs. And what about the fragile elders, the economy? Will life ever return to \"normal?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It feels like a free-fall,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.francisweller.net/\">Francis Weller\u003c/a>, a Santa Rosa psychotherapist. \"What we once held as solid is no longer something we can rely upon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus pandemic sweeping the globe has not only left many anxious about life and death issues, it's also left people struggling with a host of less obvious, existential losses as they heed stay-home warnings and wonder how bad all of this is going to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To weather these uncertain times, it's important to acknowledge and grieve lost routines, social connections, family structures and our sense of security — and then create new ways to move forward — says interfaith chaplain and trauma counselor \u003ca href=\"https://www.spiritualityandgrief.com/\">Terri Daniel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\" Francis Weller, a Santa Rosa psychotherapist\"]'Grief is not a problem to be solved. It's a presence in the psyche awaiting, witnessing.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to recognize that mixed in with all the feelings we're having of anger, disappointment, perhaps rage, blame and powerlessness — is grief,\" says Daniel, who works with the dying and bereaved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Left unrecognized and unattended, grief can negatively impact \"every aspect of our being — physically, cognitively, emotionally spiritually,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://drsonyalott.com/\">Sonya Lott\u003c/a>, a Philadelphia-based psychologist specializing in grief counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet with our national focus on the daily turn of events as the coronavirus spreads and with the chaos it's brought, these underlying or secondary losses may escape us. People who are physically well may not feel entitled to their emotional upset over the disruption of normal life. Yet, Lott argues, it's important to honor our own losses even if those losses seem small compared to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't heal what we don't have an awareness of,\" says Lott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Recognize Our Losses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whether we've named them are not, these are some of the community-wide losses many of us are grieving. Consider how you feel when you think of these.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Social Connections \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most impactful of the immediate losses as we hunker down at home is the separation from close friends and family. \"Children aren't able to play together. There's no in-person social engagement, no hugging, no touching which is disruptive to our emotional well-being,\" says Daniel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separation from our colleagues and officemates also creates significant loss. \"Our work environment is like a second family. Even if we don't love all the people we work with, we still depend on each other,\" says Lott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Habits and Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>With the world outside our homes no longer safe to inhabit the way we once did, Daniel says we've lost our \"habits and habitats,\" as we can no longer engage in our usual routines and rituals. And no matter how mundane they may have seemed — whether grabbing a morning coffee at the local café, driving to work or picking up the kids from school — routines help define your sense of self in the world. Losing them, Daniel says, \"shocks your system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Assumptions and Security\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We go to sleep assuming we'll wake up the next morning, \"that the sun will be there and your friends will all be alive and you'll be healthy,\" Weller says. But the spread of the virus has shaken nearly every assumption we once counted on. \"And so we're losing our sense of safety in the world and our assumptions about ourselves,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trust in Our Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When government leaders, government agencies, medical systems, religious bodies, the stock market and corporations fail to meet public expectations, it can leave citizens feeling betrayed and emotionally unmoored. \"We are all grieving this loss,\" Daniel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sympathetic Loss for Others\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you're not directly affected by a particular loss, you may be feeling the grief of others, including those of displaced workers, of health care workers on the frontlines, of people barred from visiting elderly relatives in nursing homes, of those who have already lost friends and family to the virus and to those who will.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4 Ways to Honor Your Grief\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Once you identify the losses you're feeling, look for ways to honor the grief surrounding you, grief experts urge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bear Witness and Communicate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharing our stories is an essential step, Daniel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can't talk about what's happened to you and you can't share it, you can't really start working on it,\" Daniel says. \"So, communicate with your friends and family about your experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be as simple as picking up the phone and calling a friend or family member, says Weller. He suggests simply asking for and offering a space in which to share your feelings without either of you offering advice or trying to fix anything for the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Grief is not a problem to be solved,\" he says. \"It's a presence in the psyche awaiting, witnessing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those with robust social networks, Daniel suggests gathering a group of friends virtually to share these losses together. Using apps, such as Zoom, Skype, FaceTime or Facebook Live, virtual meetups are easy to set up on a daily or weekly basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Write, Create, Express \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you're an extrovert or introvert, keeping a written or recorded journal of these days offers another way to express, to identify and to acknowledge loss and grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11807751\" label=\"Self-Care During Coronavirus\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/not-today-covid19-sign-on-wooden-stool-3952231-1020x657.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's art therapy, which can be especially helpful for children unable to express well with words, for teens and even for many adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Make a sculpture, draw a picture or create a ceremonial object,\" says Daniel, who often incorporates shamanic ceremonies into grief workshops she conducts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another exercise she often uses in grief workshops is a simple one in which participants use their breath to blow their sadness, fear and anger into a rock that they then throw away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this does is takes all that intense, painful energy out of your body and into an inanimate object that they symbolically throw far away from themselves,\" Daniel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Meditate \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regular meditation and just taking time to slow down and take several deep, calming breaths throughout the day also works to lower stress and is available to everyone, Lott says. For beginners who want guidance she suggests downloading a meditation app onto your smart phone or computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be Open to Joy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, Lott urges, make sure to let joy and gratitude into your life during these challenging times. Whether it's a virtual happy hour, tea time or dance party, reach out to others, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can find gratitude in the creative ways that we connect with each other and help somebody,\" she says, \"then we can hold our grief better and move through it with less difficulty and more grace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in partnership with Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\"> npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Coronavirus+Has+Upended+Our+World.+It%27s+OK+To+Grieve&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On weekday evenings, sisters Lesley Laine and Lisa Ingle stage online happy hours from the Southern California home they share. It's something they've been enjoying with local and faraway friends during this period of social distancing and self-isolation. And on a recent evening, I shared a toast with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We laughed and had fun during our half-hour Facetime meetup. But unlike our pre-pandemic visits, we now worried out loud about a lot of things – like our millennial-aged kids: their health and jobs. And what about the fragile elders, the economy? Will life ever return to \"normal?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It feels like a free-fall,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.francisweller.net/\">Francis Weller\u003c/a>, a Santa Rosa psychotherapist. \"What we once held as solid is no longer something we can rely upon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus pandemic sweeping the globe has not only left many anxious about life and death issues, it's also left people struggling with a host of less obvious, existential losses as they heed stay-home warnings and wonder how bad all of this is going to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To weather these uncertain times, it's important to acknowledge and grieve lost routines, social connections, family structures and our sense of security — and then create new ways to move forward — says interfaith chaplain and trauma counselor \u003ca href=\"https://www.spiritualityandgrief.com/\">Terri Daniel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to recognize that mixed in with all the feelings we're having of anger, disappointment, perhaps rage, blame and powerlessness — is grief,\" says Daniel, who works with the dying and bereaved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Left unrecognized and unattended, grief can negatively impact \"every aspect of our being — physically, cognitively, emotionally spiritually,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://drsonyalott.com/\">Sonya Lott\u003c/a>, a Philadelphia-based psychologist specializing in grief counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet with our national focus on the daily turn of events as the coronavirus spreads and with the chaos it's brought, these underlying or secondary losses may escape us. People who are physically well may not feel entitled to their emotional upset over the disruption of normal life. Yet, Lott argues, it's important to honor our own losses even if those losses seem small compared to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't heal what we don't have an awareness of,\" says Lott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Recognize Our Losses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whether we've named them are not, these are some of the community-wide losses many of us are grieving. Consider how you feel when you think of these.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Social Connections \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most impactful of the immediate losses as we hunker down at home is the separation from close friends and family. \"Children aren't able to play together. There's no in-person social engagement, no hugging, no touching which is disruptive to our emotional well-being,\" says Daniel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separation from our colleagues and officemates also creates significant loss. \"Our work environment is like a second family. Even if we don't love all the people we work with, we still depend on each other,\" says Lott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Habits and Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>With the world outside our homes no longer safe to inhabit the way we once did, Daniel says we've lost our \"habits and habitats,\" as we can no longer engage in our usual routines and rituals. And no matter how mundane they may have seemed — whether grabbing a morning coffee at the local café, driving to work or picking up the kids from school — routines help define your sense of self in the world. Losing them, Daniel says, \"shocks your system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Assumptions and Security\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We go to sleep assuming we'll wake up the next morning, \"that the sun will be there and your friends will all be alive and you'll be healthy,\" Weller says. But the spread of the virus has shaken nearly every assumption we once counted on. \"And so we're losing our sense of safety in the world and our assumptions about ourselves,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trust in Our Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When government leaders, government agencies, medical systems, religious bodies, the stock market and corporations fail to meet public expectations, it can leave citizens feeling betrayed and emotionally unmoored. \"We are all grieving this loss,\" Daniel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sympathetic Loss for Others\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you're not directly affected by a particular loss, you may be feeling the grief of others, including those of displaced workers, of health care workers on the frontlines, of people barred from visiting elderly relatives in nursing homes, of those who have already lost friends and family to the virus and to those who will.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4 Ways to Honor Your Grief\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Once you identify the losses you're feeling, look for ways to honor the grief surrounding you, grief experts urge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bear Witness and Communicate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharing our stories is an essential step, Daniel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can't talk about what's happened to you and you can't share it, you can't really start working on it,\" Daniel says. \"So, communicate with your friends and family about your experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be as simple as picking up the phone and calling a friend or family member, says Weller. He suggests simply asking for and offering a space in which to share your feelings without either of you offering advice or trying to fix anything for the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Grief is not a problem to be solved,\" he says. \"It's a presence in the psyche awaiting, witnessing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those with robust social networks, Daniel suggests gathering a group of friends virtually to share these losses together. Using apps, such as Zoom, Skype, FaceTime or Facebook Live, virtual meetups are easy to set up on a daily or weekly basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Write, Create, Express \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you're an extrovert or introvert, keeping a written or recorded journal of these days offers another way to express, to identify and to acknowledge loss and grief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's art therapy, which can be especially helpful for children unable to express well with words, for teens and even for many adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Make a sculpture, draw a picture or create a ceremonial object,\" says Daniel, who often incorporates shamanic ceremonies into grief workshops she conducts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another exercise she often uses in grief workshops is a simple one in which participants use their breath to blow their sadness, fear and anger into a rock that they then throw away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this does is takes all that intense, painful energy out of your body and into an inanimate object that they symbolically throw far away from themselves,\" Daniel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Meditate \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regular meditation and just taking time to slow down and take several deep, calming breaths throughout the day also works to lower stress and is available to everyone, Lott says. For beginners who want guidance she suggests downloading a meditation app onto your smart phone or computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be Open to Joy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, Lott urges, make sure to let joy and gratitude into your life during these challenging times. Whether it's a virtual happy hour, tea time or dance party, reach out to others, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can find gratitude in the creative ways that we connect with each other and help somebody,\" she says, \"then we can hold our grief better and move through it with less difficulty and more grace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in partnership with Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\"> npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Coronavirus+Has+Upended+Our+World.+It%27s+OK+To+Grieve&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 9:25 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pete Buttigieg, the 38-year-old who rose from being mayor of a midsize Indiana city to mounting a serious presidential run, officially suspended his campaign on Sunday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truth is that the path has narrowed to a close,” Buttigieg told a crowd in his hometown of South Bend, Indiana, after being introduced by his husband Chasten. “We have a responsibility to consider the effect of remaining in this race any further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former mayor joked about his relative anonymity when he decided to run last year: “Hardly anybody knew my name, and even fewer could pronounce it. First name Mayor, last name Pete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An openly gay Navy Reserve veteran, Buttigieg departs the Democratic race \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/10/799979293/how-many-delegates-do-the-2020-presidential-democratic-candidates-have\">third in overall delegates\u003c/a>, behind Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and former Vice President Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I firmly believe that in these years, in our time, we can and we will make American life and politics more like what it could be, not just more wise and more prosperous, but more equitable and more just and more decent,” he said, as supporters cheered and chanted “BOOT-EDGE-EGE.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Buttigieg took the stage, his husband, Chasten, gave an emotional speech, emphasizing the historic weight of the campaign and the significance of the first openly gay candidate to make a serious run at a major party’s nomination for president. Several times, his voice wavered, and he paused to wipe tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Life gave me some interesting experiences on my way to find Pete,” he said. “After falling in love with Pete, Pete got me to believe in myself again. And I told Pete to run because I knew there were other kids sitting out there in this country, who needed to believe in themselves, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes a day after Buttigieg finished \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/01/810813892/4-takeaways-from-joe-bidens-big-win-in-south-carolina\">fourth in South Carolina’s Democratic primary\u003c/a>, the party’s fourth nominating contest. Buttigieg had finished in a virtual tie in Iowa’s caucuses, then second in New Hampshire and third in Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iowa and New Hampshire are predominately white states, but Buttigieg struggled to attract support in the more diverse states of Nevada and South Carolina. According to exit polls, he earned the backing of just 3% of African American voters in South Carolina; black voters made up a majority of the Democratic electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg’s departure could help boost the campaign of former Vice President Joe Biden, who has been competing for some of the same moderate voters and is trying to catch up to Vermont Sen. Bernie Sander’s delegate lead on Super Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sanders campaign is pushing back on the idea that the shake up hurts Sanders more than anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His supporters are going to be more up for grabs,” Sanders’ campaign manager, Faiz Shakir, told NPR. “I think people are far more complicated in their ideology than pundits like to suggest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"election2020\" label=\"election 2020\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A graduate of Harvard and Oxford and a veteran of the war in Afghanistan, Buttigieg spent eight years in office in South Bend, and gained national recognition in 2017 during an unsuccessful bid to serve as chairman of the Democratic National Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he first announced his candidacy for president last year, Buttigieg was perceived as a little-known long shot focused on what he calls “inter-generational justice,” but he quickly emerged among the front-runners in the crowded Democratic field with his moderate, future-focused message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An adept debater, Buttigieg often clashed onstage with Sanders and fellow progressive Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Massachusetts, and criticized their sweeping “Medicare for all” health care proposals. Buttigieg also warned that Sanders’ self-avowed democratic socialism would harm Democrats down ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Buttigieg was dogged by questions about his handling of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/09/777692287/a-national-challenge-pete-buttigieg-on-racial-inequity-in-policing\">high-profile racial incidents\u003c/a> involving the police during his tenure as mayor. He also faced scrutiny over his brief tenure at the consulting firm McKinsey & Company, prompting his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786912801/facing-scrutiny-pete-buttigieg-releases-list-of-mckinsey-clients\">release of a list of nine of his former clients\u003c/a>. And fellow candidates pressured him to open his fundraisers to reporters and provide more information about the people raising money for his presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/690083393/the-youngest-2020-candidate-pushes-a-platform-of-inter-generational-justice\">speaking to NPR’s Steve Inskeep in January 2019\u003c/a>, he said he understood his campaign was an “underdog project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I also don’t think that you should ever run for any office that you do not seek to win,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg’s departure will leave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/689980506/which-democrats-are-running-in-2020-and-which-still-might\">six candidates in the race\u003c/a>, after billionaire Tom Steyer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/29/801952931/tom-steyer-to-drop-out-of-2020-presidential-race\">ended his bid on Saturday night\u003c/a>. The youngest male candidate is now 77-year-old Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With additional reporting by NPR’s Asma Khalid\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pete+Buttigieg+To+Suspend+Presidential+Campaign&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 9:25 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pete Buttigieg, the 38-year-old who rose from being mayor of a midsize Indiana city to mounting a serious presidential run, officially suspended his campaign on Sunday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truth is that the path has narrowed to a close,” Buttigieg told a crowd in his hometown of South Bend, Indiana, after being introduced by his husband Chasten. “We have a responsibility to consider the effect of remaining in this race any further.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former mayor joked about his relative anonymity when he decided to run last year: “Hardly anybody knew my name, and even fewer could pronounce it. First name Mayor, last name Pete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An openly gay Navy Reserve veteran, Buttigieg departs the Democratic race \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/10/799979293/how-many-delegates-do-the-2020-presidential-democratic-candidates-have\">third in overall delegates\u003c/a>, behind Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and former Vice President Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I firmly believe that in these years, in our time, we can and we will make American life and politics more like what it could be, not just more wise and more prosperous, but more equitable and more just and more decent,” he said, as supporters cheered and chanted “BOOT-EDGE-EGE.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Buttigieg took the stage, his husband, Chasten, gave an emotional speech, emphasizing the historic weight of the campaign and the significance of the first openly gay candidate to make a serious run at a major party’s nomination for president. Several times, his voice wavered, and he paused to wipe tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Life gave me some interesting experiences on my way to find Pete,” he said. “After falling in love with Pete, Pete got me to believe in myself again. And I told Pete to run because I knew there were other kids sitting out there in this country, who needed to believe in themselves, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes a day after Buttigieg finished \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/01/810813892/4-takeaways-from-joe-bidens-big-win-in-south-carolina\">fourth in South Carolina’s Democratic primary\u003c/a>, the party’s fourth nominating contest. Buttigieg had finished in a virtual tie in Iowa’s caucuses, then second in New Hampshire and third in Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iowa and New Hampshire are predominately white states, but Buttigieg struggled to attract support in the more diverse states of Nevada and South Carolina. According to exit polls, he earned the backing of just 3% of African American voters in South Carolina; black voters made up a majority of the Democratic electorate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg’s departure could help boost the campaign of former Vice President Joe Biden, who has been competing for some of the same moderate voters and is trying to catch up to Vermont Sen. Bernie Sander’s delegate lead on Super Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sanders campaign is pushing back on the idea that the shake up hurts Sanders more than anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His supporters are going to be more up for grabs,” Sanders’ campaign manager, Faiz Shakir, told NPR. “I think people are far more complicated in their ideology than pundits like to suggest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A graduate of Harvard and Oxford and a veteran of the war in Afghanistan, Buttigieg spent eight years in office in South Bend, and gained national recognition in 2017 during an unsuccessful bid to serve as chairman of the Democratic National Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he first announced his candidacy for president last year, Buttigieg was perceived as a little-known long shot focused on what he calls “inter-generational justice,” but he quickly emerged among the front-runners in the crowded Democratic field with his moderate, future-focused message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An adept debater, Buttigieg often clashed onstage with Sanders and fellow progressive Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Massachusetts, and criticized their sweeping “Medicare for all” health care proposals. Buttigieg also warned that Sanders’ self-avowed democratic socialism would harm Democrats down ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Buttigieg was dogged by questions about his handling of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/09/777692287/a-national-challenge-pete-buttigieg-on-racial-inequity-in-policing\">high-profile racial incidents\u003c/a> involving the police during his tenure as mayor. He also faced scrutiny over his brief tenure at the consulting firm McKinsey & Company, prompting his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786912801/facing-scrutiny-pete-buttigieg-releases-list-of-mckinsey-clients\">release of a list of nine of his former clients\u003c/a>. And fellow candidates pressured him to open his fundraisers to reporters and provide more information about the people raising money for his presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/690083393/the-youngest-2020-candidate-pushes-a-platform-of-inter-generational-justice\">speaking to NPR’s Steve Inskeep in January 2019\u003c/a>, he said he understood his campaign was an “underdog project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I also don’t think that you should ever run for any office that you do not seek to win,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg’s departure will leave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/689980506/which-democrats-are-running-in-2020-and-which-still-might\">six candidates in the race\u003c/a>, after billionaire Tom Steyer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/29/801952931/tom-steyer-to-drop-out-of-2020-presidential-race\">ended his bid on Saturday night\u003c/a>. The youngest male candidate is now 77-year-old Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With additional reporting by NPR’s Asma Khalid\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pete+Buttigieg+To+Suspend+Presidential+Campaign&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Chunlin Leonhard is grateful to be back in the United States, even though she’s now living under the first federally mandated quarantine in 50 years. “The primary feeling is a sense of relief that I’m back in the States,” she says. “I’m just tired and glad and grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonhard, a 55-year-old professor at Loyola University of the New Orleans College of Law, arrived at the Travis Air Force Base in California on Wednesday as part of a state department evacuation of Americans who were in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the global coronavirus outbreak. She’d been visiting relatives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonhard’s quarters at the military base where she is quarantined are simple, but comfortable, she says. They resemble standard hotel rooms. Her space has a clean bathroom, internet access and a television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800649\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11800649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/ningxi-ebe4401c8b5fae6c85b733f91ffda0f7daf5abdd-e1581091668953.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1441\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ningxi Xu is investment manager in Jersey City. She is under quarantine for two weeks in California after returning from Wuhan, China. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ningxi Xu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The evacuees can leave their rooms, and go outside for walks within a fenced-in area. Food is provided three times a day. “I don’t feel that cramped,” she says. Health officials are trying to make things easier for the evacuees, she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ningxi Xu, another evacuee under quarantine, says she can order supplies online and have them delivered. She’s been working remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Xu, who is 30 and an investment manager in Jersey City, wishes she could return home to her family. “It’s almost like being in prison here,” she says. “It’s just an unfortunate reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are worried about getting sick, Leonhard says. “People didn’t want to get too close. Nobody wants to be close to anybody. And also people get pretty upset if you don’t put on your mask properly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this 14-day quarantine, the passengers don’t have to wear masks, although they can if they choose, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/braden/BRADEN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chris Braden\u003c/a>, deputy director for the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They are asked to keep a distance from other people — about six feet, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that they’re in their quarters, they are getting symptom and temperature checks twice each day, Braden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC doctors caring for the quarantined evacuees say they are providing any medical treatment they may need, including mental health counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When anyone comes from a stressful situation where there’s intense community-wide transmission of an emerging disease and then they’re whisked away and put on a plane and then arrive at a new destination, obviously it’s very stressful,” says the CDC’s Dr. Henry Walke, who’s caring for evacuees at the Travis base. “So, yes, we are concerned about the mental health of the residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there’s a sense of gratitude among the passengers, Leonhard says. They want to concentrate on the positive, and put the experience at the Wuhan airport behind them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800650\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11800650 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/ap_20036748254715_custom-362d303d2c46a4b3820b34828ab572cc65347710-e1581091736332.jpg\" alt=\"Evacuees are being held in quarantine at the Westwind Inn lodging facility at Travis Air Force Base in California\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuees are being held in quarantine at the Westwind Inn lodging facility at Travis Air Force Base in California. \u003ccite>(Nicholas Pilch/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The process of evacuation took longer than anticipated, Braden says. A total of 345 passengers returned to the United States Wednesday on two flights. Some went to Travis Air Force Base while others landed at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, near San Diego. Health officials screened the passengers upon arrival, Walke says. This follows a first flight of evacuees that landed last week, bringing the total number of people repatriated to the United States up to 540.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the process to get home was frustrating, according to two passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xu had been in Wuhan visiting family for the Lunar New Year holiday. She wasn’t sure when she would be allowed to return to the United States, where she has been living for 13 years. She kept calling the State Department and the U.S. embassy, but didn’t hear back. “Looking back on it over the past three weeks, it was a progression of confusion, then some despair,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was chaotic at the airport in China, Leonhard says. Medical professionals clad in protective suits examined passengers and took their temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were sitting for hours and hours amid the confusion before they were able to board what seemed like a cargo plane with very few windows, Xu adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team from the CDC met the plane, Walke says, cheering as the passengers finally arrived, and screened them for symptoms in the hangar before explaining their quarantine orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have generally been understanding about the confinement, Braden says. But before the federal quarantine was announced last week, one woman who arrived on an earlier flight from China was “very adamant about leaving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This woman was very frustrated and upset and felt that she had to be home,” he adds. She was still insistent after a mental health counselor spoke to her. “But we were able to work through that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though being in mandatory quarantine is not anyone’s first choice, the government’s decision to handle the evacuees this way made “perfect sense” to Leonhard, for the sake of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Leonhard was glad to know that her confinement has an end date, which she learned when she was handed a court order upon landing in the U.S. “I know in 14 days, if everything’s OK, it’s going to be over,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chaotic experience in China made her value seeing a transparent process in action, she says. “Sitting in China, I just felt totally helpless,” she adds. “I was really just trying to get out because I needed to. It was stressing me out tremendously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elena Renken is the Science desk intern.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Life+In+Quarantine%3A+What+It%27s+Like+For+The+U.S.+Evacuees+From+Wuhan+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Life in Quarantine: What It's Like for the US Evacuees From Wuhan",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chunlin Leonhard is grateful to be back in the United States, even though she’s now living under the first federally mandated quarantine in 50 years. “The primary feeling is a sense of relief that I’m back in the States,” she says. “I’m just tired and glad and grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonhard, a 55-year-old professor at Loyola University of the New Orleans College of Law, arrived at the Travis Air Force Base in California on Wednesday as part of a state department evacuation of Americans who were in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the global coronavirus outbreak. She’d been visiting relatives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leonhard’s quarters at the military base where she is quarantined are simple, but comfortable, she says. They resemble standard hotel rooms. Her space has a clean bathroom, internet access and a television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800649\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11800649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/ningxi-ebe4401c8b5fae6c85b733f91ffda0f7daf5abdd-e1581091668953.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1441\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ningxi Xu is investment manager in Jersey City. She is under quarantine for two weeks in California after returning from Wuhan, China. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ningxi Xu)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The evacuees can leave their rooms, and go outside for walks within a fenced-in area. Food is provided three times a day. “I don’t feel that cramped,” she says. Health officials are trying to make things easier for the evacuees, she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ningxi Xu, another evacuee under quarantine, says she can order supplies online and have them delivered. She’s been working remotely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Xu, who is 30 and an investment manager in Jersey City, wishes she could return home to her family. “It’s almost like being in prison here,” she says. “It’s just an unfortunate reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are worried about getting sick, Leonhard says. “People didn’t want to get too close. Nobody wants to be close to anybody. And also people get pretty upset if you don’t put on your mask properly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this 14-day quarantine, the passengers don’t have to wear masks, although they can if they choose, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/braden/BRADEN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chris Braden\u003c/a>, deputy director for the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They are asked to keep a distance from other people — about six feet, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that they’re in their quarters, they are getting symptom and temperature checks twice each day, Braden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDC doctors caring for the quarantined evacuees say they are providing any medical treatment they may need, including mental health counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When anyone comes from a stressful situation where there’s intense community-wide transmission of an emerging disease and then they’re whisked away and put on a plane and then arrive at a new destination, obviously it’s very stressful,” says the CDC’s Dr. Henry Walke, who’s caring for evacuees at the Travis base. “So, yes, we are concerned about the mental health of the residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there’s a sense of gratitude among the passengers, Leonhard says. They want to concentrate on the positive, and put the experience at the Wuhan airport behind them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800650\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11800650 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/ap_20036748254715_custom-362d303d2c46a4b3820b34828ab572cc65347710-e1581091736332.jpg\" alt=\"Evacuees are being held in quarantine at the Westwind Inn lodging facility at Travis Air Force Base in California\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuees are being held in quarantine at the Westwind Inn lodging facility at Travis Air Force Base in California. \u003ccite>(Nicholas Pilch/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The process of evacuation took longer than anticipated, Braden says. A total of 345 passengers returned to the United States Wednesday on two flights. Some went to Travis Air Force Base while others landed at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, near San Diego. Health officials screened the passengers upon arrival, Walke says. This follows a first flight of evacuees that landed last week, bringing the total number of people repatriated to the United States up to 540.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the process to get home was frustrating, according to two passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xu had been in Wuhan visiting family for the Lunar New Year holiday. She wasn’t sure when she would be allowed to return to the United States, where she has been living for 13 years. She kept calling the State Department and the U.S. embassy, but didn’t hear back. “Looking back on it over the past three weeks, it was a progression of confusion, then some despair,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was chaotic at the airport in China, Leonhard says. Medical professionals clad in protective suits examined passengers and took their temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were sitting for hours and hours amid the confusion before they were able to board what seemed like a cargo plane with very few windows, Xu adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team from the CDC met the plane, Walke says, cheering as the passengers finally arrived, and screened them for symptoms in the hangar before explaining their quarantine orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have generally been understanding about the confinement, Braden says. But before the federal quarantine was announced last week, one woman who arrived on an earlier flight from China was “very adamant about leaving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This woman was very frustrated and upset and felt that she had to be home,” he adds. She was still insistent after a mental health counselor spoke to her. “But we were able to work through that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though being in mandatory quarantine is not anyone’s first choice, the government’s decision to handle the evacuees this way made “perfect sense” to Leonhard, for the sake of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Leonhard was glad to know that her confinement has an end date, which she learned when she was handed a court order upon landing in the U.S. “I know in 14 days, if everything’s OK, it’s going to be over,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chaotic experience in China made her value seeing a transparent process in action, she says. “Sitting in China, I just felt totally helpless,” she adds. “I was really just trying to get out because I needed to. It was stressing me out tremendously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Elena Renken is the Science desk intern.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Life+In+Quarantine%3A+What+It%27s+Like+For+The+U.S.+Evacuees+From+Wuhan+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
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