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"slug": "getting-a-religious-exemption-to-the-vaccine-mandate-may-not-be-easy-as-you-think",
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"content": "\u003cp>More and more employers are ordering workers to get vaccinated against the coronavirus without the option of getting tested instead. Now workers are pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., more than 400 fire and emergency medical workers applied for religious exemptions to the city’s vaccine mandate. In Los Angeles, roughly a quarter of the police department is expected to seek religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many of those requests will ultimately be approved is unknown. Already, some employers are taking a harder line than others. Under the law, employers have a lot of discretion when granting religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the answers to some questions that may come up when navigating the process of a religious exemptions. Don’t have time to read the whole guide? Click on the links below to skip to a specific section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#obligations\">\u003cstrong>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#reasonable\">What does “reasonable” mean when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#hardship\">\u003cstrong>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#head\">Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tips\">\u003cstrong>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"obligations\">\u003c/a>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The right to request a religious exemption stems from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which protects workers from discrimination on the basis of religion, among other things. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EEOC, says employers must provide reasonable accommodations for workers who have sincerely held religious beliefs — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, employers may probe whether an employee’s religious belief is in fact sincere. They may ask questions about that employee’s vaccination history or church attendance. If the employer determines the belief is not sincere, it may deny the exemption request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if an employee’s religious belief is determined to be sincere, it’s the employer who decides what the reasonable accommodation will be. It does not have to be the accommodation requested by the employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890327\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890327 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A handful of people sit at a distance from each other in church pews backed by a brightly lit window.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents sit in the church observation area after receiving their second dose of the Moderna vaccine at Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church UCC on March 12, 2021, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"reasonable\">\u003c/a>What counts as ‘reasonable’ when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What one employer deems to be reasonable, another may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Conway, Ark., Matt Troup, CEO of Conway Regional Health System, has granted 45 religious exemptions to employees who refused to get a coronavirus vaccine. Their objections were largely based on the employees’ beliefs that vaccines that used fetal cells in research, testing or production should not be put into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Public health officials say fetal cell lines developed decades ago in the laboratory were used to develop and test the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, a common practice in pharmaceutical research. Other fetal cell lines are being used in the production of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. But the vaccines themselves do not contain any fetal cells.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before granting the religious exemptions, Troup sent the employees a list of 28 commonly used medicines that also used fetal cells in their research, testing or development — a list that includes Tylenol, Motrin, Tums, Ex-Lax and other medicine cabinet staples. He asked employees to attest to not using any of those medicines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to know that if they’re going to be consistent in their beliefs, that applies to a lot of different things other than the COVID vaccine,” Troup says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presented with the list, the employees who had requested religious exemptions still declined the vaccines. So Troup informed them they’d have to undergo regular COVID-19 testing. With 95% of his workforce vaccinated, he felt it was a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like we’ve accomplished our goal to protect our staff, our patients and our community,” he says. “We want to respect people’s religious freedoms and their ability to make these decisions to the point that we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some employers have made it clear they will be less accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NBAPR/status/1441550983125889033\">NBA recently denied a religious exemption request\u003c/a> from Golden State Warriors forward Andrew Wiggins, announcing that the athlete will not be able to play at any home games in San Francisco, which has a vaccine mandate for large indoor events, until he fulfills the city’s vaccination requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NBAPR/status/1441550983125889033\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Airlines has granted religious exemptions to a small number of employees, but the reasonable accommodation the airline has provided is to put the employees on indefinite unpaid leave without regular benefits. A handful of United employees have sued, saying unpaid leave is not a reasonable accommodation but rather an adverse employment action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Román Hernández, a labor and employment attorney with Troutman Pepper in Portland, Oregon, says historically, courts have upheld unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation in religious exemption cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably not the accommodation that those workers wanted, but that is something that the employer is providing,” Hernández says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"hardship\">\u003c/a>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Remember that under the law, employers must provide reasonable accommodations to workers seeking religious exemptions — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to look at how the EEOC defines undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In religious exemption cases, undue hardship is defined as “more than a \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em>,” or minimal, cost or burden on the operation of the employer’s business. Hernández points out that an accommodation that involves shift changes could constitute more than a minimal burden to an employer, allowing the employer to deny such an accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its defense, United has argued that allowing unvaccinated employees to continue working in customer-facing roles on-site “would impose extraordinary — not just \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em> — costs on United and the public.” The airline says it would have to implement a coronavirus testing program at more than 100 domestic airports and offices. Running such a program would cause a heavier workload for vaccinated co-workers — and United notes that 97% of its employees are now vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"head\">\u003c/a>Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Probably not, because religious exemptions ultimately come down to an employee’s personal belief and whether an employer can find a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/pontifex/status/1427875189509984261?lang=en\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, no major religion has come out in opposition to the vaccines. In fact, prominent religious leaders are endorsing them. Pope Francis has told Catholics that getting vaccinated is “an act of love,” for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the Christian Science Church, which counsels prayer rather than medical care, says it doesn’t have an official policy on vaccinations. It leaves it up to individuals to make that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tips\">\u003c/a>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='vaccines']Mentions of religious mandates on social media and traditional media outlets have jumped ninefold since June, with most of that spike coming after the White House announced vaccine mandates for federal employees in early September, according to an analysis by media tracking firm Zignal Labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Facebook groups opposed to vaccine mandates, members frequently ask about how to obtain a religious exemption and what to say when petitioning their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these groups, members regularly cite misleading claims that vaccines contain fetal cells. Others share links to online churches and self-described “consultants” offering signed exemption letters. One company offering these services charges $175 for phone consultations, research, sample forms and a signed letter from a pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But keep in mind, the employer really has a lot of discretion in granting these exemptions whether or not you have one of these signed letters. So people should probably think twice about paying for these services.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More and more employers are ordering workers to get vaccinated against the coronavirus without the option of getting tested instead. Now workers are pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., more than 400 fire and emergency medical workers applied for religious exemptions to the city’s vaccine mandate. In Los Angeles, roughly a quarter of the police department is expected to seek religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many of those requests will ultimately be approved is unknown. Already, some employers are taking a harder line than others. Under the law, employers have a lot of discretion when granting religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the answers to some questions that may come up when navigating the process of a religious exemptions. Don’t have time to read the whole guide? Click on the links below to skip to a specific section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#obligations\">\u003cstrong>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#reasonable\">What does “reasonable” mean when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#hardship\">\u003cstrong>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#head\">Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#tips\">\u003cstrong>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"obligations\">\u003c/a>What are employer obligations to workers when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The right to request a religious exemption stems from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which protects workers from discrimination on the basis of religion, among other things. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or EEOC, says employers must provide reasonable accommodations for workers who have sincerely held religious beliefs — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, employers may probe whether an employee’s religious belief is in fact sincere. They may ask questions about that employee’s vaccination history or church attendance. If the employer determines the belief is not sincere, it may deny the exemption request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if an employee’s religious belief is determined to be sincere, it’s the employer who decides what the reasonable accommodation will be. It does not have to be the accommodation requested by the employee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890327\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890327 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A handful of people sit at a distance from each other in church pews backed by a brightly lit window.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1306756648-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents sit in the church observation area after receiving their second dose of the Moderna vaccine at Lincoln Memorial Congregational Church UCC on March 12, 2021, in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"reasonable\">\u003c/a>What counts as ‘reasonable’ when it comes to a reasonable accommodation?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What one employer deems to be reasonable, another may not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Conway, Ark., Matt Troup, CEO of Conway Regional Health System, has granted 45 religious exemptions to employees who refused to get a coronavirus vaccine. Their objections were largely based on the employees’ beliefs that vaccines that used fetal cells in research, testing or production should not be put into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Public health officials say fetal cell lines developed decades ago in the laboratory were used to develop and test the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, a common practice in pharmaceutical research. Other fetal cell lines are being used in the production of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. But the vaccines themselves do not contain any fetal cells.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before granting the religious exemptions, Troup sent the employees a list of 28 commonly used medicines that also used fetal cells in their research, testing or development — a list that includes Tylenol, Motrin, Tums, Ex-Lax and other medicine cabinet staples. He asked employees to attest to not using any of those medicines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to know that if they’re going to be consistent in their beliefs, that applies to a lot of different things other than the COVID vaccine,” Troup says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presented with the list, the employees who had requested religious exemptions still declined the vaccines. So Troup informed them they’d have to undergo regular COVID-19 testing. With 95% of his workforce vaccinated, he felt it was a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like we’ve accomplished our goal to protect our staff, our patients and our community,” he says. “We want to respect people’s religious freedoms and their ability to make these decisions to the point that we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some employers have made it clear they will be less accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NBAPR/status/1441550983125889033\">NBA recently denied a religious exemption request\u003c/a> from Golden State Warriors forward Andrew Wiggins, announcing that the athlete will not be able to play at any home games in San Francisco, which has a vaccine mandate for large indoor events, until he fulfills the city’s vaccination requirements.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>United Airlines has granted religious exemptions to a small number of employees, but the reasonable accommodation the airline has provided is to put the employees on indefinite unpaid leave without regular benefits. A handful of United employees have sued, saying unpaid leave is not a reasonable accommodation but rather an adverse employment action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Román Hernández, a labor and employment attorney with Troutman Pepper in Portland, Oregon, says historically, courts have upheld unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation in religious exemption cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably not the accommodation that those workers wanted, but that is something that the employer is providing,” Hernández says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"hardship\">\u003c/a>What’s considered an undue hardship when it comes to religious exemptions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Remember that under the law, employers must provide reasonable accommodations to workers seeking religious exemptions — unless doing so poses an undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to look at how the EEOC defines undue hardship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In religious exemption cases, undue hardship is defined as “more than a \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em>,” or minimal, cost or burden on the operation of the employer’s business. Hernández points out that an accommodation that involves shift changes could constitute more than a minimal burden to an employer, allowing the employer to deny such an accommodation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its defense, United has argued that allowing unvaccinated employees to continue working in customer-facing roles on-site “would impose extraordinary — not just \u003cem>de minimis\u003c/em> — costs on United and the public.” The airline says it would have to implement a coronavirus testing program at more than 100 domestic airports and offices. Running such a program would cause a heavier workload for vaccinated co-workers — and United notes that 97% of its employees are now vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"head\">\u003c/a>Does it matter what the head of my religion says about the coronavirus vaccines?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Probably not, because religious exemptions ultimately come down to an employee’s personal belief and whether an employer can find a reasonable accommodation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>So far, no major religion has come out in opposition to the vaccines. In fact, prominent religious leaders are endorsing them. Pope Francis has told Catholics that getting vaccinated is “an act of love,” for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the Christian Science Church, which counsels prayer rather than medical care, says it doesn’t have an official policy on vaccinations. It leaves it up to individuals to make that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tips\">\u003c/a>What about all the tips being shared online for getting a religious exemption?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mentions of religious mandates on social media and traditional media outlets have jumped ninefold since June, with most of that spike coming after the White House announced vaccine mandates for federal employees in early September, according to an analysis by media tracking firm Zignal Labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Facebook groups opposed to vaccine mandates, members frequently ask about how to obtain a religious exemption and what to say when petitioning their employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these groups, members regularly cite misleading claims that vaccines contain fetal cells. Others share links to online churches and self-described “consultants” offering signed exemption letters. One company offering these services charges $175 for phone consultations, research, sample forms and a signed letter from a pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But keep in mind, the employer really has a lot of discretion in granting these exemptions whether or not you have one of these signed letters. So people should probably think twice about paying for these services.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration is pushing for new worker protections after record-setting temperatures across the country left dozens of workers injured and dead this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/osha/osha20210920\">Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration announced Monday\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2021-09-01#Attachment4\">it will prioritize inspections on hot days\u003c/a>, target high-risk industries nationally, and, as reported earlier this summer, begin developing a federal rule to protect workers from heat-related illnesses, a move long sought by worker advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/20/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-mobilizing-the-administration-to-address-extreme-heat/\">Biden released a joint statement with OSHA\u003c/a>, calling the initiative an “all-of-government effort to protect workers, children, seniors, and at-risk communities from extreme heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation last month by NPR and Columbia Journalism Investigations found \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1026154042/hundreds-of-workers-have-died-from-heat-in-the-last-decade-and-its-getting-worse\">a dramatic rise in preventable worker deaths from high temperatures\u003c/a>, and that 384 workers died from environmental heat exposure in the U.S. during the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886402\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1773-1020x680.jpg\"]The fatalities included workers performing essential services across the country: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886402/why-california-workers-are-still-dying-from-heat-despite-protections\">farm laborers in California\u003c/a> and Nebraska, \u003ca href=\"https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/in-depth/2021/09/07/407895/texas-workers-are-dying-in-the-summer-heat-and-companies-arent-being-held-accountable/\">construction workers and trash collectors in Texas\u003c/a>, and tree trimmers in North Carolina and Virginia. An analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics by NPR and CJI showed the three-year average of worker heat deaths had doubled since the early 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers of color have borne the brunt: Since 2010, for example, Latino people have accounted for a third of all heat fatalities, yet they represent a fraction — 17% — of the U.S. workforce, NPR and CJI found. Health and safety experts attribute this unequal toll to Latinos’ overrepresentation in industries vulnerable to dangerous heat, such as construction and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OSHA said in the news release that despite “widespread underreporting, 43 workers died from heat illness in 2019, and at least 2,410 others suffered serious injuries and illnesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2193?s=1&r=4\">Democrats who had previously introduced legislation to create a heat standard\u003c/a> applauded Monday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886628\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]“Without urgent action, the human and financial costs of excessive heat will continue to climb,” said Rep. Robert Scott (D-Va.), who chairs the House Committee on Education and Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Michaels, who led OSHA during the Obama administration, called the new measures “a major step forward.” Michaels said presidents rarely weigh in on OSHA standards, suggesting that the White House is committed to fast-tracking a heat standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is unusual for this to happen, especially so early in the rulemaking process,” he said.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Biden administration is pushing for new worker protections after record-setting temperatures across the country left dozens of workers injured and dead this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/osha/osha20210920\">Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration announced Monday\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2021-09-01#Attachment4\">it will prioritize inspections on hot days\u003c/a>, target high-risk industries nationally, and, as reported earlier this summer, begin developing a federal rule to protect workers from heat-related illnesses, a move long sought by worker advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/20/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-mobilizing-the-administration-to-address-extreme-heat/\">Biden released a joint statement with OSHA\u003c/a>, calling the initiative an “all-of-government effort to protect workers, children, seniors, and at-risk communities from extreme heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation last month by NPR and Columbia Journalism Investigations found \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1026154042/hundreds-of-workers-have-died-from-heat-in-the-last-decade-and-its-getting-worse\">a dramatic rise in preventable worker deaths from high temperatures\u003c/a>, and that 384 workers died from environmental heat exposure in the U.S. during the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The fatalities included workers performing essential services across the country: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886402/why-california-workers-are-still-dying-from-heat-despite-protections\">farm laborers in California\u003c/a> and Nebraska, \u003ca href=\"https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/in-depth/2021/09/07/407895/texas-workers-are-dying-in-the-summer-heat-and-companies-arent-being-held-accountable/\">construction workers and trash collectors in Texas\u003c/a>, and tree trimmers in North Carolina and Virginia. An analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics by NPR and CJI showed the three-year average of worker heat deaths had doubled since the early 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers of color have borne the brunt: Since 2010, for example, Latino people have accounted for a third of all heat fatalities, yet they represent a fraction — 17% — of the U.S. workforce, NPR and CJI found. Health and safety experts attribute this unequal toll to Latinos’ overrepresentation in industries vulnerable to dangerous heat, such as construction and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OSHA said in the news release that despite “widespread underreporting, 43 workers died from heat illness in 2019, and at least 2,410 others suffered serious injuries and illnesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2193?s=1&r=4\">Democrats who had previously introduced legislation to create a heat standard\u003c/a> applauded Monday’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Without urgent action, the human and financial costs of excessive heat will continue to climb,” said Rep. Robert Scott (D-Va.), who chairs the House Committee on Education and Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Michaels, who led OSHA during the Obama administration, called the new measures “a major step forward.” Michaels said presidents rarely weigh in on OSHA standards, suggesting that the White House is committed to fast-tracking a heat standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is unusual for this to happen, especially so early in the rulemaking process,” he said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People who receive a Johnson & Johnson coronavirus vaccine booster shot are better protected against COVID-19 for a longer period of time, according to the pharmaceutical company’s latest trial results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine has been found to be 66% protective against moderate and severe disease overall worldwide and 72% protective against such cases in the U.S. But when a person receives a booster shot two months after getting the pharmaceutical company’s one-dose vaccine, the protection against COVID-19 increases to 94%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A booster shot at six months provides a 12-fold increase in antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11818312\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS50676_007_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_08172021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]The company previously shared earlier evidence from this trial that people who received its one-shot vaccine could benefit from a booster shot after six months. The information shared Tuesday was part of the company’s Phase 3 trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our large real-world-evidence and Phase 3 studies confirm that the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine provides strong and long-lasting protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Additionally, our Phase 3 trial data further confirms protection against COVID-19-related death,” said Mathai Mammen, global head of research and development for Janssen, Johnson & Johnson’s pharmaceutical division, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts have said coronavirus boosters will be needed down the road because the efficacy of these vaccines, including the two-dose Pfizer and Moderna shots, wanes over time. Johnson & Johnson’s trial data provides further support that a COVID-19 booster shot could go a long way in providing continued protection from the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our single-shot vaccine generates strong immune responses and long-lasting immune memory. And, when a booster of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is given, the strength of protection against COVID-19 further increases,” Mammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s own data indicates booster shots can restore its vaccine’s efficacy to 95%. A third dose of the Moderna vaccine, given six months after the initial two doses, also significantly boosts immunity, according to the company’s data.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Health officials have yet to give the green light\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite President Biden’s earlier announcement that the U.S. plans to get booster shots in the arms of already vaccinated Americans, it’s unclear when health officials would approve such a move for the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11885225\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/gettyimages-1234511960_custom-8db10d9e64f2a642bf78df0e5af734fae14aa52d-1020x703.jpg\"]Health officials have already recommended \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">a third shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine for a more limited population\u003c/a> — people who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. But last week, the Food and Drug Administration recommended against approval of a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ruling didn’t weigh in on a Johnson & Johnson booster shot, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it has provided available data to the FDA and plans to submit the data to other regulators, the World Health Organization and national immunization technical advisory groups, or NITAGs, worldwide to inform decision-making on vaccine administration strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from Johnson & Johnson’s booster trial showed strong protection against severe COVID-19 infections soon after the second dose was administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More on vaccines' tag='coronavirus-vaccine']At least 28 days after a patient received the second Johnson & Johnson shot, data showed at least 75% overall efficacy against severe or critical COVID-19 infections, across all age cohorts and all countries included in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically for the U.S., the company reported a 74% efficacy against critical COVID-19 infections. The booster also provided 89% efficacy against hospitalization and 83% against COVID-19-related death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A booster shot after two months provided 94% efficacy against COVID-19 in the U.S. According to the company, as early as two weeks after the booster shot was administered data showed 100% efficacy against critical COVID-19 infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a booster of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine was given six months after the single-shot dose, antibody levels increased nine-fold one week after the booster and continued to climb to 12-fold higher four weeks after the booster.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The company previously shared earlier evidence from this trial that people who received its one-shot vaccine could benefit from a booster shot after six months. The information shared Tuesday was part of the company’s Phase 3 trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our large real-world-evidence and Phase 3 studies confirm that the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine provides strong and long-lasting protection against COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Additionally, our Phase 3 trial data further confirms protection against COVID-19-related death,” said Mathai Mammen, global head of research and development for Janssen, Johnson & Johnson’s pharmaceutical division, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts have said coronavirus boosters will be needed down the road because the efficacy of these vaccines, including the two-dose Pfizer and Moderna shots, wanes over time. Johnson & Johnson’s trial data provides further support that a COVID-19 booster shot could go a long way in providing continued protection from the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our single-shot vaccine generates strong immune responses and long-lasting immune memory. And, when a booster of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine is given, the strength of protection against COVID-19 further increases,” Mammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s own data indicates booster shots can restore its vaccine’s efficacy to 95%. A third dose of the Moderna vaccine, given six months after the initial two doses, also significantly boosts immunity, according to the company’s data.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Health officials have already recommended \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11888987/fda-advisers-vote-against-pfizer-covid-booster\">a third shot of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine for a more limited population\u003c/a> — people who are moderately to severely immunocompromised. But last week, the Food and Drug Administration recommended against approval of a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for people 16 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ruling didn’t weigh in on a Johnson & Johnson booster shot, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it has provided available data to the FDA and plans to submit the data to other regulators, the World Health Organization and national immunization technical advisory groups, or NITAGs, worldwide to inform decision-making on vaccine administration strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from Johnson & Johnson’s booster trial showed strong protection against severe COVID-19 infections soon after the second dose was administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A rare event happens Tuesday in California: Californians will decide whether Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom should remain in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Find Your Ballot Drop-Off Location' tag='find-your-box']It’s only the second recall election in the state to qualify for the ballot, but the second in the past 20 years. That previous recall, in 2003, resulted in actor Arnold Schwarzenegger becoming governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since then on many fronts, but that it’s even happening in the first place — and who the leading Republican contender is — is an example of how politics has shifted in the state and reflects a national shift toward sharper partisanship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The election will also have national consequences. A California governor could appoint a new U.S. senator to the evenly divided chamber in the next year or so. And this is the first big test of whether Democrats can fire up their base — even in a very blue state — ahead of next year’s midterm elections when Republicans are favored to take back the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a primer on the recall, how it works and how we got here. But first:\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are the potential national political consequences?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fact that a Democratic governor in a state that President Biden won by almost 30 percentage points in 2020 doesn’t stand a near 0% chance of being ousted tells you a degree of the story of off-year elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The party out of power is usually the one that’s most fired up.\u003c/strong> During this pandemic, conservatives have been particularly vexed by Democratic governance — and they have no greater example for their ire, of everything they dislike about liberals, than California. So Newsom was already a ripe target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A test of Democratic mobilization.\u003c/strong> All eyes will be on to what degree Democrats are enthusiastic ahead of 2022. There are certainly motivators, considering the stakes the threat of Republican governance poses to the center-left, from the handling of the pandemic to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/09/1035467999/justice-department-sues-texas-over-new-abortion-ban\">extreme abortion laws like Texas’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/administration/news-releases-and-advisories/2020-news-releases-and-advisories/ap20108\">Democrats outnumber GOP voters by almost 5 million in California\u003c/a>, how close Republicans get to recalling Newsom — or of course if he’s recalled — is going to be something to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In very practical terms, the U.S. Senate could be at stake.\u003c/strong> At first, this doesn’t seem to make sense, since this is about a governorship. But consider that Democrats control the 50-50 Senate by only the narrowest of margins, needing Vice President Harris to break ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California governor has the power to appoint a U.S. senator and should there be a vacancy, Newsom or his replacement would serve until January 2023, and Sen. Dianne Feinstein would be approaching 90 at that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A test of Biden’s clout.\u003c/strong> The president is campaigning for and with Newsom on Monday. That raises the political stakes. If Newsom were to lose — or if the election is close — Biden’s sway would be in question. And it would come at a time when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal\">Biden’s approval rating has been slipping nationally\u003c/a>, given the resurgent coronavirus due to the delta variant and following the Afghanistan withdrawal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sign of the growing strength of a partisan minority?\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Laws_governing_recall_in_California\">To qualify for the ballot, a recall effort requires signatures\u003c/a> that amount to at least 12% of the turnout of the last gubernatorial election, plus some other total vote thresholds. While this year that’s about 1.5 million signatures — undoubtedly a lot of signatures — you can find 12% of people who agree that they are very upset about a lot of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are the future repercussions when that’s the bar to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc10.com/article/news/politics/california-recall-elections-will-cost-276-million/103-60b467b4-ac53-4684-a9ea-5454cf8d1b3e\">a statewide election that is costing California $276 million\u003c/a>? Calculating that out for future fights, as the country becomes even more polarized, could be astronomical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The factors at play here — the relatively low threshold to get on the ballot, and then if the governor is recalled, that the replacement could win with a plurality of votes — follow larger, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1002593823/how-democratic-is-american-democracy-key-pillars-face-stress-tests\">national complaints about the growing power of a political minority\u003c/a>, like with the Senate filibuster and the Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888331\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11888331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"One person is visible behind a very large machine in a room filled with machines with cables everywhere.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers sort through mail-in ballots at the Santa Clara County registrar of voters office on Aug. 25, 2021, in San Jose. The registrar has prepared to take in and process thousands of ballots in this year’s recall election. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>So how does this recall actually work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Californians have been legally able to recall their governors since 1911. Every governor in the past 60 years has faced a recall attempt, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/recalls/recall-history-california-1913-present\">only two, including this one, have qualified for the ballot\u003c/a>. Newsom has faced at least five attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s opponents got 1.7 million signatures to get this recall on the ballot, higher than the 1.5 million needed, but they also had more time than usual. Normally, recall petitioners get a little over five months to turn in signatures. This effort was extended four months beyond that because of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How did Newsom end up in this position?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The recall effort began in June 2020 and didn’t have to do with COVID-19. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/scottshafer\">KQED’s Scott Shafer\u003c/a> told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1035158231\">NPR Politics podcast\u003c/a>, it was about the death penalty, crime, homelessness, housing costs and immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it very much became about the pandemic after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-health-elections-california-coronavirus-pandemic-c4cbdfdfa832495d19b4c1639f1cfb90\">Newsom was caught on camera at a birthday party\u003c/a> — without a mask — \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/now/most-expensive-restaurants-us-114917409.html#:~:text=The%20French%20Laundry%20%2D%20Yountville%2C%20California&text=The%20restaurant%20has%20three%20Michelin,%24325%20and%20%24350%20per%20person.\">at one of the most expensive restaurants in the country\u003c/a>, The French Laundry, last November. It reeked of hypocrisy, given that this was during the height of the pandemic and with restrictions in place in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How will a winner be decided?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ballots were mailed to all 22 million registered voters in the state about a month before Tuesday’s election. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/upcoming-elections/2021-ca-gov-recall/newsom-recall-faqs?ltclid=4cc29b6b-6cc2-4250-98f2-055dc9ef7a1cif%20it%3Fback%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fclient%3Dsafari%26as_qdr%3Dall%26as_occt%3Dany%26safe%3Dactive%26as_q%3Dwhat%20is%20the%20date%20of%20the%20California%20gubernatorial%20recall%26channel%3Daplab%26source%3Da-app1%26hl%3Den\">two questions voters can decide on\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Should Newsom be recalled?\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Who should replace him?\u003c/strong> If a majority votes “no” on the first question, then the second question doesn’t matter. But if “yes” on Question 1 gets 50% plus one vote, Newsom would be recalled, and the highest vote-getter on Question 2 would become governor (by Oct. 22 when the state would certify the results) and serve out the remainder of Newsom’s term.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Californians do not have to vote on both questions. And the use of mail-in ballots could complicate the turnout picture, altering the traditional notion of whose voters are motivated to hit the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who is on the ballot to replace Newsom?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are 46 people who qualified to be on the ballot — 24 Republicans, 10 people with no party affiliation, nine Democrats, two from the Green Party and one Libertarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leading replacement contender is Republican Larry Elder, a controversial talk radio host. (The ballot also includes Caitlyn Jenner, who is not expected to fare well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888333\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11888333 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-scaled.jpg\" alt='A man wearing a \"Recall Newsom\" T-shirt takes a selfie with Larry Elder.' width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Johnny Marin takes a photo with Republican recall candidate Larry Elder at a town hall event in Downey as Elder campaigns to try to beat Gov. Gavin Newsom in the recall election. The conservative talk show host is the front-runner in the race to replace Newsom. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Who is Larry Elder?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='recall']Newsom has been happy to elevate Elder because of his many controversial statements. For example, Elder, who is Black, has said it can be argued that enslavers are owed reparations because slavery was legal and enslaved people were “property” of those owners. He has also said Blacks “exaggerate” racism, that “women exaggerate” sexism and that working mothers aren’t as “dedicated” to work as others — among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That someone who has expressed such extreme views could be the leading Republican candidate in a state like California shows just how much the party — not just in California but across the country — has changed since electing Donald Trump as president.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When was the last California recall?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>2003. Local issues, from an energy crisis and a budget deficit to a gas tax hike, dominated and hobbled Democratic Gov. Gray Davis. Davis’s approval rating was mired in the 20s, he was recalled, and America was given “The Governator.” (If you think that’s bad, you can imagine — if you don’t remember — the number of \u003cem>Total Recall\u003c/em> headlines in reference to that election.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three major differences, though, between the 2003 and 2021 recalls:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>This recall has been far more nationalized. Newsom has essentially put GOP governance on the ballot, especially regarding the coronavirus pandemic, which is what ironically supercharged the effort to get the recall on the ballot in the first place.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Unlike Davis, Newsom is fairly popular. His approval ratings are routinely above 50%.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And Schwarzenegger was something that’s now seemingly an endangered species among elected officials: a Republican moderate. Elder is decidedly not. In addition to his controversial views, Elder has definitively said he would appoint a Republican to the U.S. Senate if Feinstein’s seat were to come open.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A rare event happens Tuesday in California: Californians will decide whether Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom should remain in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It’s only the second recall election in the state to qualify for the ballot, but the second in the past 20 years. That previous recall, in 2003, resulted in actor Arnold Schwarzenegger becoming governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since then on many fronts, but that it’s even happening in the first place — and who the leading Republican contender is — is an example of how politics has shifted in the state and reflects a national shift toward sharper partisanship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The election will also have national consequences. A California governor could appoint a new U.S. senator to the evenly divided chamber in the next year or so. And this is the first big test of whether Democrats can fire up their base — even in a very blue state — ahead of next year’s midterm elections when Republicans are favored to take back the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a primer on the recall, how it works and how we got here. But first:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are the potential national political consequences?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fact that a Democratic governor in a state that President Biden won by almost 30 percentage points in 2020 doesn’t stand a near 0% chance of being ousted tells you a degree of the story of off-year elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The party out of power is usually the one that’s most fired up.\u003c/strong> During this pandemic, conservatives have been particularly vexed by Democratic governance — and they have no greater example for their ire, of everything they dislike about liberals, than California. So Newsom was already a ripe target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A test of Democratic mobilization.\u003c/strong> All eyes will be on to what degree Democrats are enthusiastic ahead of 2022. There are certainly motivators, considering the stakes the threat of Republican governance poses to the center-left, from the handling of the pandemic to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/09/1035467999/justice-department-sues-texas-over-new-abortion-ban\">extreme abortion laws like Texas’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/administration/news-releases-and-advisories/2020-news-releases-and-advisories/ap20108\">Democrats outnumber GOP voters by almost 5 million in California\u003c/a>, how close Republicans get to recalling Newsom — or of course if he’s recalled — is going to be something to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In very practical terms, the U.S. Senate could be at stake.\u003c/strong> At first, this doesn’t seem to make sense, since this is about a governorship. But consider that Democrats control the 50-50 Senate by only the narrowest of margins, needing Vice President Harris to break ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California governor has the power to appoint a U.S. senator and should there be a vacancy, Newsom or his replacement would serve until January 2023, and Sen. Dianne Feinstein would be approaching 90 at that point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A test of Biden’s clout.\u003c/strong> The president is campaigning for and with Newsom on Monday. That raises the political stakes. If Newsom were to lose — or if the election is close — Biden’s sway would be in question. And it would come at a time when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal\">Biden’s approval rating has been slipping nationally\u003c/a>, given the resurgent coronavirus due to the delta variant and following the Afghanistan withdrawal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sign of the growing strength of a partisan minority?\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Laws_governing_recall_in_California\">To qualify for the ballot, a recall effort requires signatures\u003c/a> that amount to at least 12% of the turnout of the last gubernatorial election, plus some other total vote thresholds. While this year that’s about 1.5 million signatures — undoubtedly a lot of signatures — you can find 12% of people who agree that they are very upset about a lot of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are the future repercussions when that’s the bar to cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc10.com/article/news/politics/california-recall-elections-will-cost-276-million/103-60b467b4-ac53-4684-a9ea-5454cf8d1b3e\">a statewide election that is costing California $276 million\u003c/a>? Calculating that out for future fights, as the country becomes even more polarized, could be astronomical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The factors at play here — the relatively low threshold to get on the ballot, and then if the governor is recalled, that the replacement could win with a plurality of votes — follow larger, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1002593823/how-democratic-is-american-democracy-key-pillars-face-stress-tests\">national complaints about the growing power of a political minority\u003c/a>, like with the Senate filibuster and the Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888331\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11888331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"One person is visible behind a very large machine in a room filled with machines with cables everywhere.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1336372841-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers sort through mail-in ballots at the Santa Clara County registrar of voters office on Aug. 25, 2021, in San Jose. The registrar has prepared to take in and process thousands of ballots in this year’s recall election. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>So how does this recall actually work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Californians have been legally able to recall their governors since 1911. Every governor in the past 60 years has faced a recall attempt, though \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/recalls/recall-history-california-1913-present\">only two, including this one, have qualified for the ballot\u003c/a>. Newsom has faced at least five attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s opponents got 1.7 million signatures to get this recall on the ballot, higher than the 1.5 million needed, but they also had more time than usual. Normally, recall petitioners get a little over five months to turn in signatures. This effort was extended four months beyond that because of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How did Newsom end up in this position?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The recall effort began in June 2020 and didn’t have to do with COVID-19. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/scottshafer\">KQED’s Scott Shafer\u003c/a> told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1035158231\">NPR Politics podcast\u003c/a>, it was about the death penalty, crime, homelessness, housing costs and immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it very much became about the pandemic after \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-health-elections-california-coronavirus-pandemic-c4cbdfdfa832495d19b4c1639f1cfb90\">Newsom was caught on camera at a birthday party\u003c/a> — without a mask — \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/now/most-expensive-restaurants-us-114917409.html#:~:text=The%20French%20Laundry%20%2D%20Yountville%2C%20California&text=The%20restaurant%20has%20three%20Michelin,%24325%20and%20%24350%20per%20person.\">at one of the most expensive restaurants in the country\u003c/a>, The French Laundry, last November. It reeked of hypocrisy, given that this was during the height of the pandemic and with restrictions in place in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How will a winner be decided?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ballots were mailed to all 22 million registered voters in the state about a month before Tuesday’s election. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/upcoming-elections/2021-ca-gov-recall/newsom-recall-faqs?ltclid=4cc29b6b-6cc2-4250-98f2-055dc9ef7a1cif%20it%3Fback%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fclient%3Dsafari%26as_qdr%3Dall%26as_occt%3Dany%26safe%3Dactive%26as_q%3Dwhat%20is%20the%20date%20of%20the%20California%20gubernatorial%20recall%26channel%3Daplab%26source%3Da-app1%26hl%3Den\">two questions voters can decide on\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Should Newsom be recalled?\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Who should replace him?\u003c/strong> If a majority votes “no” on the first question, then the second question doesn’t matter. But if “yes” on Question 1 gets 50% plus one vote, Newsom would be recalled, and the highest vote-getter on Question 2 would become governor (by Oct. 22 when the state would certify the results) and serve out the remainder of Newsom’s term.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Californians do not have to vote on both questions. And the use of mail-in ballots could complicate the turnout picture, altering the traditional notion of whose voters are motivated to hit the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who is on the ballot to replace Newsom?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are 46 people who qualified to be on the ballot — 24 Republicans, 10 people with no party affiliation, nine Democrats, two from the Green Party and one Libertarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leading replacement contender is Republican Larry Elder, a controversial talk radio host. (The ballot also includes Caitlyn Jenner, who is not expected to fare well.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11888333\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11888333 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-scaled.jpg\" alt='A man wearing a \"Recall Newsom\" T-shirt takes a selfie with Larry Elder.' width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1235151948-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Johnny Marin takes a photo with Republican recall candidate Larry Elder at a town hall event in Downey as Elder campaigns to try to beat Gov. Gavin Newsom in the recall election. The conservative talk show host is the front-runner in the race to replace Newsom. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Who is Larry Elder?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom has been happy to elevate Elder because of his many controversial statements. For example, Elder, who is Black, has said it can be argued that enslavers are owed reparations because slavery was legal and enslaved people were “property” of those owners. He has also said Blacks “exaggerate” racism, that “women exaggerate” sexism and that working mothers aren’t as “dedicated” to work as others — among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That someone who has expressed such extreme views could be the leading Republican candidate in a state like California shows just how much the party — not just in California but across the country — has changed since electing Donald Trump as president.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>When was the last California recall?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>2003. Local issues, from an energy crisis and a budget deficit to a gas tax hike, dominated and hobbled Democratic Gov. Gray Davis. Davis’s approval rating was mired in the 20s, he was recalled, and America was given “The Governator.” (If you think that’s bad, you can imagine — if you don’t remember — the number of \u003cem>Total Recall\u003c/em> headlines in reference to that election.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three major differences, though, between the 2003 and 2021 recalls:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>This recall has been far more nationalized. Newsom has essentially put GOP governance on the ballot, especially regarding the coronavirus pandemic, which is what ironically supercharged the effort to get the recall on the ballot in the first place.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Unlike Davis, Newsom is fairly popular. His approval ratings are routinely above 50%.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And Schwarzenegger was something that’s now seemingly an endangered species among elected officials: a Republican moderate. Elder is decidedly not. In addition to his controversial views, Elder has definitively said he would appoint a Republican to the U.S. Senate if Feinstein’s seat were to come open.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Here's What You Need to Know About the New Eviction Ban",
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"content": "\u003cp>For many Americans, COVID-19 has upended their lives. They've lost their jobs, and with them, the ability to pay their rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While getting evicted is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601783346/first-ever-evictions-database-shows-were-in-the-middle-of-a-housing-crisis\">traumatic\u003c/a> generally, eviction during a pandemic adds new layers of peril: Evicted families may double up with other households or move into crowded shelters. That can lead to the coronavirus spreading quickly, especially within vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These concerns underpin the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's new moratorium on evictions, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024345276/the-biden-administration-plans-a-new-eviction-moratorium-after-a-federal-ban-lap\">announced\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a moral imperative here to make sure that people who are unstably housed in a period of time where we have extraordinary disease transmission in many parts of this country — that this is a true public health threat and that we need to keep people stably housed,\" CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024338498/cdc-director-on-global-vaccine-deliveries-variants-masks-and-mass-eviction-threa\">told\u003c/a> NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what the new ban means for the millions of renters facing eviction and the landlords awaiting money.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How This Ban Is Different\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/communication/Signed-CDC-Eviction-Order.pdf\">60-day order\u003c/a> is a little different from the old one that started last year. It applies only to counties with substantial or high transmission of COVID-19. That includes \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view\">most of the country\u003c/a> right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"eviction, evictions, eviction moratorium\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency's authority for such a ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/02/908874020/cdc-issues-temporary-halt-on-evictions-citing-coronavirus-risks\">derives\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/Pages/default.aspx\">Public Health Service Act\u003c/a> of 1944, which gives the Department of Health and Human Services (of which CDC is a part) the authority to declare and respond to public health emergencies and control communicable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/01/908581048/sweeping-new-eviction-ban-from-trump-administration\">previous\u003c/a> eviction ban was announced by the CDC in September 2020, during the Trump administration, and was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/24/1009828802/cdc-extends-eviction-moratorium-for-30-days\">extended\u003c/a> in March and June of this year. But it \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/02/1022964395/to-stop-wave-of-evictions-some-local-counties-scramble-after-federal-ban-expires\">expired\u003c/a> on July 31 after the Supreme Court signaled it wouldn't accept any further extensions without congressional authorization, and Congress didn't act to extend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California implemented its own eviction moratorium, which was extended through Sept. 30 in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2021/06/california-eviction-moratorium-deal/\">a last-minute deal announced by Gov. Gavin Newsom and legislative leaders\u003c/a> on July 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden says he's not certain whether the new CDC order will survive potential legal challenges, but he's hoping it will buy people on the brink of eviction some breathing room. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time it gets litigated, it will probably give some additional time, while we're getting that $45 billion out to people who are in fact behind in the rent and don't have the money,\" he said this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you're looking for help paying your rent, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/renter-protections/emergency-rental-assistance-for-renters/?utm_source=outreach&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=treasury_banner/\">\u003cem>the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has guidance\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> on applying for emergency rental assistance.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884130\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884130\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Rep. Cori Bush, D-Missouri, (center) speaks at a rally at the U.S. Capitol on Tuesday, Aug. 3, 2021. Bush slept on the steps of the Capitol for days to protest that the CDC's eviction moratorium was being allowed to expire. \u003ccite>(Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Temporary Reprieve — And a Big Push to Distribute Rental Assistance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new ban is temporary. It's set to expire Oct. 3. Still, it's a crucial extension for low-income renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a tremendous relief for millions of people who were on the cusp of losing their homes and, with them, their ability to stay safe during the pandemic,\" \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/about/staff\">Diane Yentel\u003c/a>, president and CEO of the National Low Income Housing Coalition, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting federal aid out has been slow so far, though it's starting to move faster. Part of the problem is that states and localities were required to set up their own programs to disburse the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11882952\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has urged state and local governments to get the funds out efficiently to renters and their landlords and to be flexible around documentation. The U.S. Department of the Treasury, which is administering the \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program\">Emergency Rental Assistance Program\u003c/a>, is promoting \"promising practices\" seen around the country for \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program/promising-practices/eviction-diversion\">eviction diversion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the application process has been cumbersome in many places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities have required reams of documentation and applications 30 or 40 pages long, Yentel told NPR — \"all of which slows down the process for everyone and often weeds out some of the lowest income and most marginalized tenants who can't produce the documentation that's required in other communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States and localities are struggling with capacity, Yentel said: \"They don't have enough staff. They don't have the right technology to be able to handle the deluge of applications they're getting. And the more complicated they've made their programs, the more challenged they are with capacity issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Pandemic Has Exacerbated Existing Inequalities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Louisiana is among the states with the highest rates of COVID-19 right now as a possible eviction crisis looms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are worried. They're terrified,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://lafairhousing.org/cashauna-hill-bio\">Cashauna Hill\u003c/a>, executive director of Louisiana Fair Housing Action Center. \"We've got a huge population of folks who are having difficulty staying afloat during this ... pandemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renters in the state have few protections, she says, and evictions can happen fast — officially through the courts, and informally when tenants move out after receiving an eviction notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the neighborhoods in New Orleans with high eviction rates before the pandemic are the same ones that were redlined three generations ago and that are experiencing high numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 pandemic has just exacerbated those unjust housing outcomes that were already present. And the people who had the least amount of resources and defenses are the people who are being most impacted by this pandemic. So we just have injustice after injustice piling on top of one another for these communities,\" Hill tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has received $550 million to help tenants and landlords, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-854f3c23f0d89400fac0aeab486f10dc\">according \u003c/a>to The Associated Press. The governor \u003ca href=\"https://gov.louisiana.gov/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/3309\">says \u003c/a>Louisiana has so far approved $61 million in rental assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clock is ticking loudly for many renters in arrears, states do have time to distribute the funds, since the ERAP program runs through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884131\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884131\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold signs opposing evictions on Thursday, Aug. 5, 2021 in New York City.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Stephanie Keith/Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Landlords Are Suing the Government Over the Previous Ban\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National Apartment Association represents owners and operators of rental housing — landlords, in other words. Last week, the association \u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\"> \u003c/a>against the federal government over the previous eviction ban, seeking to recover damages on behalf of rental housing providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It opposes the new ban, too, which it calls an unfunded government mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that [eviction moratoriums] leave renters with an insurmountable amount of debt, and providers essentially holding the bag on the affordability crisis by carrying all that unpaid debt at the same time that they're trying to pay their bills,\" Greg Brown, NAA's senior vice president of government affairs, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says rental debt just keeps mounting — beyond what Congress has appropriated — while the ban continues. \"If we don't make housing providers whole, the future of housing in this country, rental housing in this country becomes even further jeopardized,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal aid has started flowing to landlords to cover renters' debts, he notes. Now, he says, \"we need to focus on getting it to flow faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Eviction Ban May Face Legal Challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new ban's more limited framing — applicable only to counties with higher levels of coronavirus transmission — may help it survive potential legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/stephen-i-vladeck\">Stephen Vladeck\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Texas School of Law and an expert on federal courts, suspects the scope of the CDC's authority is likely to be at the center of any legal challenges against the new ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the Justice Department will have some pretty good arguments that this one is ... much more specifically tied to [the] CDC's express statutory authority to take measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases like the delta variant of COVID,\" he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Vladeck says, the court's conservative justices could decide the CDC has pushed its authority too far and strike down the new moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, millions of renters are hoping that the aid they desperately need arrives before an eviction notice does. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+What+You+Need+To+Know+About+The+New+Eviction+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For many Americans, COVID-19 has upended their lives. They've lost their jobs, and with them, the ability to pay their rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While getting evicted is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/12/601783346/first-ever-evictions-database-shows-were-in-the-middle-of-a-housing-crisis\">traumatic\u003c/a> generally, eviction during a pandemic adds new layers of peril: Evicted families may double up with other households or move into crowded shelters. That can lead to the coronavirus spreading quickly, especially within vulnerable communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These concerns underpin the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's new moratorium on evictions, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024345276/the-biden-administration-plans-a-new-eviction-moratorium-after-a-federal-ban-lap\">announced\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a moral imperative here to make sure that people who are unstably housed in a period of time where we have extraordinary disease transmission in many parts of this country — that this is a true public health threat and that we need to keep people stably housed,\" CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/03/1024338498/cdc-director-on-global-vaccine-deliveries-variants-masks-and-mass-eviction-threa\">told\u003c/a> NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what the new ban means for the millions of renters facing eviction and the landlords awaiting money.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How This Ban Is Different\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/communication/Signed-CDC-Eviction-Order.pdf\">60-day order\u003c/a> is a little different from the old one that started last year. It applies only to counties with substantial or high transmission of COVID-19. That includes \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view\">most of the country\u003c/a> right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency's authority for such a ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/02/908874020/cdc-issues-temporary-halt-on-evictions-citing-coronavirus-risks\">derives\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/planning/authority/Pages/default.aspx\">Public Health Service Act\u003c/a> of 1944, which gives the Department of Health and Human Services (of which CDC is a part) the authority to declare and respond to public health emergencies and control communicable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/01/908581048/sweeping-new-eviction-ban-from-trump-administration\">previous\u003c/a> eviction ban was announced by the CDC in September 2020, during the Trump administration, and was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/24/1009828802/cdc-extends-eviction-moratorium-for-30-days\">extended\u003c/a> in March and June of this year. But it \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/02/1022964395/to-stop-wave-of-evictions-some-local-counties-scramble-after-federal-ban-expires\">expired\u003c/a> on July 31 after the Supreme Court signaled it wouldn't accept any further extensions without congressional authorization, and Congress didn't act to extend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California implemented its own eviction moratorium, which was extended through Sept. 30 in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2021/06/california-eviction-moratorium-deal/\">a last-minute deal announced by Gov. Gavin Newsom and legislative leaders\u003c/a> on July 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden says he's not certain whether the new CDC order will survive potential legal challenges, but he's hoping it will buy people on the brink of eviction some breathing room. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the time it gets litigated, it will probably give some additional time, while we're getting that $45 billion out to people who are in fact behind in the rent and don't have the money,\" he said this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you're looking for help paying your rent, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/coronavirus/mortgage-and-housing-assistance/renter-protections/emergency-rental-assistance-for-renters/?utm_source=outreach&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=treasury_banner/\">\u003cem>the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has guidance\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> on applying for emergency rental assistance.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884130\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884130\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/cori-bush-getty-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Rep. Cori Bush, D-Missouri, (center) speaks at a rally at the U.S. Capitol on Tuesday, Aug. 3, 2021. Bush slept on the steps of the Capitol for days to protest that the CDC's eviction moratorium was being allowed to expire. \u003ccite>(Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>A Temporary Reprieve — And a Big Push to Distribute Rental Assistance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The CDC's new ban is temporary. It's set to expire Oct. 3. Still, it's a crucial extension for low-income renters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a tremendous relief for millions of people who were on the cusp of losing their homes and, with them, their ability to stay safe during the pandemic,\" \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/about/staff\">Diane Yentel\u003c/a>, president and CEO of the National Low Income Housing Coalition, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting federal aid out has been slow so far, though it's starting to move faster. Part of the problem is that states and localities were required to set up their own programs to disburse the funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has urged state and local governments to get the funds out efficiently to renters and their landlords and to be flexible around documentation. The U.S. Department of the Treasury, which is administering the \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program\">Emergency Rental Assistance Program\u003c/a>, is promoting \"promising practices\" seen around the country for \u003ca href=\"https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/coronavirus/assistance-for-state-local-and-tribal-governments/emergency-rental-assistance-program/promising-practices/eviction-diversion\">eviction diversion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the application process has been cumbersome in many places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities have required reams of documentation and applications 30 or 40 pages long, Yentel told NPR — \"all of which slows down the process for everyone and often weeds out some of the lowest income and most marginalized tenants who can't produce the documentation that's required in other communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States and localities are struggling with capacity, Yentel said: \"They don't have enough staff. They don't have the right technology to be able to handle the deluge of applications they're getting. And the more complicated they've made their programs, the more challenged they are with capacity issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Pandemic Has Exacerbated Existing Inequalities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Louisiana is among the states with the highest rates of COVID-19 right now as a possible eviction crisis looms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are worried. They're terrified,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://lafairhousing.org/cashauna-hill-bio\">Cashauna Hill\u003c/a>, executive director of Louisiana Fair Housing Action Center. \"We've got a huge population of folks who are having difficulty staying afloat during this ... pandemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renters in the state have few protections, she says, and evictions can happen fast — officially through the courts, and informally when tenants move out after receiving an eviction notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the neighborhoods in New Orleans with high eviction rates before the pandemic are the same ones that were redlined three generations ago and that are experiencing high numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The COVID-19 pandemic has just exacerbated those unjust housing outcomes that were already present. And the people who had the least amount of resources and defenses are the people who are being most impacted by this pandemic. So we just have injustice after injustice piling on top of one another for these communities,\" Hill tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has received $550 million to help tenants and landlords, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-coronavirus-pandemic-854f3c23f0d89400fac0aeab486f10dc\">according \u003c/a>to The Associated Press. The governor \u003ca href=\"https://gov.louisiana.gov/index.cfm/newsroom/detail/3309\">says \u003c/a>Louisiana has so far approved $61 million in rental assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clock is ticking loudly for many renters in arrears, states do have time to distribute the funds, since the ERAP program runs through 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884131\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884131\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/evictions-nyc-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold signs opposing evictions on Thursday, Aug. 5, 2021 in New York City.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Stephanie Keith/Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Landlords Are Suing the Government Over the Previous Ban\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National Apartment Association represents owners and operators of rental housing — landlords, in other words. Last week, the association \u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\">filed a lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.naahq.org/news-publications/naa-sues-federal-government-recover-industry%E2%80%99s-losses-under-nationwide-eviction\"> \u003c/a>against the federal government over the previous eviction ban, seeking to recover damages on behalf of rental housing providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It opposes the new ban, too, which it calls an unfunded government mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think that [eviction moratoriums] leave renters with an insurmountable amount of debt, and providers essentially holding the bag on the affordability crisis by carrying all that unpaid debt at the same time that they're trying to pay their bills,\" Greg Brown, NAA's senior vice president of government affairs, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says rental debt just keeps mounting — beyond what Congress has appropriated — while the ban continues. \"If we don't make housing providers whole, the future of housing in this country, rental housing in this country becomes even further jeopardized,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal aid has started flowing to landlords to cover renters' debts, he notes. Now, he says, \"we need to focus on getting it to flow faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Eviction Ban May Face Legal Challenges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new ban's more limited framing — applicable only to counties with higher levels of coronavirus transmission — may help it survive potential legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.utexas.edu/faculty/stephen-i-vladeck\">Stephen Vladeck\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Texas School of Law and an expert on federal courts, suspects the scope of the CDC's authority is likely to be at the center of any legal challenges against the new ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the Justice Department will have some pretty good arguments that this one is ... much more specifically tied to [the] CDC's express statutory authority to take measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases like the delta variant of COVID,\" he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Vladeck says, the court's conservative justices could decide the CDC has pushed its authority too far and strike down the new moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, millions of renters are hoping that the aid they desperately need arrives before an eviction notice does. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+What+You+Need+To+Know+About+The+New+Eviction+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The highly contagious delta variant now accounts for more than 51% of COVID-19 cases in the U.S., according \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions\">to new estimates\u003c/a> released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The variant, also known as B.1.617.2, was first detected in India and is spreading quickly across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in parts of the U.S., the delta strain accounts for more than 80% of new infections, including some Midwestern states such as Missouri, Kansas and Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delta variant is already causing 74.3% of infections in Western states, including Utah and Colorado, and 58.8% of infections in Southern states such as Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma, according to CDC estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is the vaccines being used in the U.S. all appear to be highly effective at protecting against serious disease, hospitalization and death. And public health officials are urging the roughly 140 million to 150 million people who remain unvaccinated to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we have two Americas: the vaccinated and the unvaccinated America,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\">says Dr. Paul Offit, \u003c/a>an infectious disease specialist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're feeling pretty good right now because it's the summer. But come winter, if we still have a significant percentage of the population that is unvaccinated, we're going to see this virus surge again,\" Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's crucial to increase vaccinations in other countries,\u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/yigh/profile/saad_omer/\"> says Saad Omer\u003c/a>, a vaccine researcher at Yale. \"The world has to get its act together,\" Omer says. \"Otherwise yet another, potentially more dangerous variant could emerge.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delta variant is already causing 74.3% of infections in Western states, including Utah and Colorado, and 58.8% of infections in Southern states such as Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma, according to CDC estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is the vaccines being used in the U.S. all appear to be highly effective at protecting against serious disease, hospitalization and death. And public health officials are urging the roughly 140 million to 150 million people who remain unvaccinated to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now we have two Americas: the vaccinated and the unvaccinated America,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\">says Dr. Paul Offit, \u003c/a>an infectious disease specialist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're feeling pretty good right now because it's the summer. But come winter, if we still have a significant percentage of the population that is unvaccinated, we're going to see this virus surge again,\" Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's crucial to increase vaccinations in other countries,\u003ca href=\"https://medicine.yale.edu/yigh/profile/saad_omer/\"> says Saad Omer\u003c/a>, a vaccine researcher at Yale. \"The world has to get its act together,\" Omer says. \"Otherwise yet another, potentially more dangerous variant could emerge.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ticks aren’t known as beach lovers, so ecologist Dan Salkeld and a colleague were surprised when they found 180 ticks in less than a mile on a coastal trail near Muir Beach in California one day in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to most people, we were delighted at the high numbers of ticks! It was exciting in terms of sample sizes and data,” says Salkeld, whose findings were \u003ca href=\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00319-21\">published\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also sobering. For years, people who track black-legged ticks — the kind that carry Lyme disease — have been finding them in further-flung territory, though still in mostly traditional habitats of forested areas with tall grasses and leaf litter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, “as the numbers expand, we see ticks in areas that we don’t think of as traditional habitat,” Mayo Clinic parasitologist Bobbi Pritt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trend has continued, with ticks are showing up in places previously deemed safe from the disease-carrying arachnids, from those coastal California beach areas to manicured lawns in the Northeast. The sheer number of ticks may be forcing them to branch out into new habitats, Pritt theorizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, more of them appear to be carrying pathogens. Pritt’s lab tests tens of thousands of ticks; over the last three years, they’ve found that more and more of the ticks carry the bacteria that causes anaplasmosis, a disease that can cause headache, fever and chills and severe illness if treatment is delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Minnesota Department of Health employees demo a smart hack for keeping critters off while out in the field: Wrap duct tape around socks and pant legs to prevent ticks from crawling in. \u003ccite>(Sheila Eldred for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all adds up to more illness: Tick-borne diseases are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/data-summary/index.html\">an all-time high\u003c/a>, with about 50,000 cases reported each year — and far more going unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lyme disease is by far the most prevalent, accounting for nearly 35,000 cases in 2019, ticks also carry pathogens that can make you allergic to red meat or cause acute respiratory distress. In rare cases, tick-borne diseases are fatal. Anaplasmosis is the second-most common tick-borne disease, with nearly 8,000 cases reported in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what kinds of ticks to watch out for, where — and what to do if you get bitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Check Your Local Tick Forecast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Your personal disease risk is highly dependent on your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tick prevalence hinges on a number of local factors that make sweeping generalizations tricky, says Dr. George Dempsey of East Hampton Family Medicine and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayarealyme.org/\">Bay Area Lyme Foundation’\u003c/a>s Lyme Disease Biobank. That’s why he’s skeptical when he hears predictions for upcoming tick seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year they say it’s going to be a big year — either because of acorns or cold winters or warm winters …,” he says, but all of those factors vary from one location to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/_IoOJu2_FKE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a mild winter plus a hot, humid summer in the Midwest is bringing out ticks earlier than usual, for example. “It’s prime time — ticks are already out and about in Minnesota,” says Elizabeth Schiffman, epidemiologist supervisor at the Minnesota Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional differences are shifting as well. In East Hampton, New York, Dempsey is seeing more Lone Star ticks, a relative newcomer to the area, and fewer black-legged ticks — resulting in less Lyme disease. And back on that Muir Beach trail in California, Salkeld’s team got its second surprise when they tested the ticks they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our prediction would have been that they didn’t have Lyme, but they were just as high as ticks in woodland areas,” he says, leading him to pose the question in his study: Should infection prevalence in ticks be reported at a hyper-local level — possibly even for a single trail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does it mean for those of us trying to stay away from ticks? Be familiar with the ticks in your area, Pritt says. (Try this field map from the University of Rhode Island’s \u003ca href=\"https://web.uri.edu/tickencounter/fieldguide/\">TickEncounter\u003c/a> website.) And note that your state or county health department is your best bet for local tick information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Know Your Tick Types\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Six common types of adult female ticks. Top row, left to right: Lone star, Black-legged, Asian long-horned. Bottom row, left to right: Gulf coast, American dog, Rocky mountain wood \u003ccite>((Top row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Wikimedia Commons, James Gathany/CDC (Bottom row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Patrick Gorring/iNaturalist, Public Health Image Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are the main types you may encounter in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The black-legged tick, often referred to as a deer tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and Powassan virus. An adult full-grown black-legged tick is the size of a sesame seed; a nymph is the size of a poppy seed. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/surveillance/BlackleggedTick.html\">eastern half of the U.S. \u003c/a>Black-legged ticks near the Pacific Coast are a cousin of this tick, known as the Western black-legged tick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"ticks\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Lone Star tick\u003c/strong> is aggressive; instead of “questing” from a blade of grass like a black-legged tick, it may pursue a person 50 to 75 feet away. “People could be hanging out on their deck and they’ll crawl up on them,” Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can carry ehrlichiosis, heartland virus, tularemia and Southern tick-associated rash illness. Their bite may also trigger alpha-gal syndrome, which can cause an allergy to meat. Adult females have a white dot on their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its range includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/stari/geo/index.html\">large swath of the country\u003c/a> from Iowa to Texas and everywhere east of there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gulf Coast tick\u003c/strong> is a close relation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The American dog tick, also known as a wood tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, one of the deadliest tick-borne diseases, and tularemia. This tick is much bigger than a black-legged tick, so people are more likely to spot them when they latch on. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/american_dog_tick.pdf\">eastern two-thirds of the country and California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rocky Mountain wood tick\u003c/strong> can spread Colorado Tick Fever in addition to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia. It ranges primarily in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/rocky_mountain_wood_tick.pdf\">northern Rocky Mountain region\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Asian long-horned tick\u003c/strong> A new species landed in the U.S. in 2017, when it was spotted for the first time on a sheep in New Jersey. It’s now been noted in at least 15 states in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/longhorned-tick/index.html\">the Midwest and East Coast.\u003c/a> Female ticks do not need to mate to lay eggs, and thousands can be found together, making grassy areas appear to be moving. They have not yet been found to transmit disease in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to Avoid Getting Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To avoid a tick encounter, you’ll want to be vigilant about taking precautions whenever you’re spending a significant amount of time outdoors in tick territory, whether you’re hiking or mowing your lawn. Fortunately, the same prevention techniques work for all types of ticks, Pritt says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Get dorky: \u003c/strong>Repelling ticks starts with your outfit. Choose long sleeves and pants if possible. “And it may feel dorky, but tucking your pants into your socks gives ticks less access into the areas they can bite,” says Pritt, who wears white coveralls and duct tapes the legs to her socks when going on tick drags. Spray exposed skin with a good repellent. And treat clothes likely to be worn in tick habitat ahead of time with a permethrin repellent for the greatest protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Strip:\u003c/strong> After your adventure — even if it’s just mowing the lawn — the easiest way to make sure ticks stay outside is to disrobe as soon as possible — shed all your clothes on a porch before going inside to keep any hangers-on outside if possible — jump in the shower, check for ticks and scrub. Remember that disease-carrying ticks can be tiny: At the nymph stage, when it’s likely to bite you, a black-legged tick is the size of a poppy seed. Don’t forget about pets and kids. Check them for ticks outside; otherwise, a tick can fall off a dog inside and bite you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Disinfect:\u003c/strong> Throw discarded clothes into the dryer on high heat for at least 6 minutes to kill any stragglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What to Do if You Do Get Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Don’t panic. \u003c/strong> It’s a hard rule to follow, Pritt admits, but remember that not every tick carries a harmful bacteria or virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Forget the folk remedies:\u003c/strong> “Grab a pair of fine tipped tweezers, remove as quickly as possible as close to skin as you can by pulling it out in a smooth, continuous motion without twisting it,” Pritt says. And don’t light a match or roll it in butter, as in fact, those methods often result in only partial removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Save it: \u003c/strong>Put the tick in a plastic bag in the freezer, especially if you think it may have been attached a long time, which may increase the risk of Lyme disease transmission. That way if you decide to see a doctor, they’ll be able to identify the type of tick that bit you, and even test it for disease-causing bacteria. Keep in mind, though, that you may not get infected even if the tick tests positive, Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Watch for symptoms:\u003c/strong> A rash, headache, flu-like symptoms and joint pain can all be signs of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. A stiff neck and swollen lymph nodes are associated with Lyme disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IF YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS: \u003c/strong>Many people with Lyme disease \u003ca href=\"https://westnile.ca.gov/pdfs/VBDSAnnualReport19.pdf\">don’t remember getting a rash\u003c/a> or a tick bite. So mention your concerns to your health care provider. Blood tests may be able to detect Lyme disease after your body has developed antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ticks aren’t known as beach lovers, so ecologist Dan Salkeld and a colleague were surprised when they found 180 ticks in less than a mile on a coastal trail near Muir Beach in California one day in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Contrary to most people, we were delighted at the high numbers of ticks! It was exciting in terms of sample sizes and data,” says Salkeld, whose findings were \u003ca href=\"https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00319-21\">published\u003c/a> in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also sobering. For years, people who track black-legged ticks — the kind that carry Lyme disease — have been finding them in further-flung territory, though still in mostly traditional habitats of forested areas with tall grasses and leaf litter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, “as the numbers expand, we see ticks in areas that we don’t think of as traditional habitat,” Mayo Clinic parasitologist Bobbi Pritt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trend has continued, with ticks are showing up in places previously deemed safe from the disease-carrying arachnids, from those coastal California beach areas to manicured lawns in the Northeast. The sheer number of ticks may be forcing them to branch out into new habitats, Pritt theorizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, more of them appear to be carrying pathogens. Pritt’s lab tests tens of thousands of ticks; over the last three years, they’ve found that more and more of the ticks carry the bacteria that causes anaplasmosis, a disease that can cause headache, fever and chills and severe illness if treatment is delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/MDH-tick-jpeg-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Minnesota Department of Health employees demo a smart hack for keeping critters off while out in the field: Wrap duct tape around socks and pant legs to prevent ticks from crawling in. \u003ccite>(Sheila Eldred for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It all adds up to more illness: Tick-borne diseases are at \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/data-summary/index.html\">an all-time high\u003c/a>, with about 50,000 cases reported each year — and far more going unreported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Lyme disease is by far the most prevalent, accounting for nearly 35,000 cases in 2019, ticks also carry pathogens that can make you allergic to red meat or cause acute respiratory distress. In rare cases, tick-borne diseases are fatal. Anaplasmosis is the second-most common tick-borne disease, with nearly 8,000 cases reported in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what kinds of ticks to watch out for, where — and what to do if you get bitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Check Your Local Tick Forecast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Your personal disease risk is highly dependent on your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tick prevalence hinges on a number of local factors that make sweeping generalizations tricky, says Dr. George Dempsey of East Hampton Family Medicine and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayarealyme.org/\">Bay Area Lyme Foundation’\u003c/a>s Lyme Disease Biobank. That’s why he’s skeptical when he hears predictions for upcoming tick seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year they say it’s going to be a big year — either because of acorns or cold winters or warm winters …,” he says, but all of those factors vary from one location to the next.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_IoOJu2_FKE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_IoOJu2_FKE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Currently, a mild winter plus a hot, humid summer in the Midwest is bringing out ticks earlier than usual, for example. “It’s prime time — ticks are already out and about in Minnesota,” says Elizabeth Schiffman, epidemiologist supervisor at the Minnesota Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional differences are shifting as well. In East Hampton, New York, Dempsey is seeing more Lone Star ticks, a relative newcomer to the area, and fewer black-legged ticks — resulting in less Lyme disease. And back on that Muir Beach trail in California, Salkeld’s team got its second surprise when they tested the ticks they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our prediction would have been that they didn’t have Lyme, but they were just as high as ticks in woodland areas,” he says, leading him to pose the question in his study: Should infection prevalence in ticks be reported at a hyper-local level — possibly even for a single trail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does it mean for those of us trying to stay away from ticks? Be familiar with the ticks in your area, Pritt says. (Try this field map from the University of Rhode Island’s \u003ca href=\"https://web.uri.edu/tickencounter/fieldguide/\">TickEncounter\u003c/a> website.) And note that your state or county health department is your best bet for local tick information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Know Your Tick Types\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11880481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/ticks_types-jpeg-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Six common types of adult female ticks. Top row, left to right: Lone star, Black-legged, Asian long-horned. Bottom row, left to right: Gulf coast, American dog, Rocky mountain wood \u003ccite>((Top row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Wikimedia Commons, James Gathany/CDC (Bottom row, left to right) Public Health Image Library, Patrick Gorring/iNaturalist, Public Health Image Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are the main types you may encounter in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The black-legged tick, often referred to as a deer tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis and Powassan virus. An adult full-grown black-legged tick is the size of a sesame seed; a nymph is the size of a poppy seed. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/surveillance/BlackleggedTick.html\">eastern half of the U.S. \u003c/a>Black-legged ticks near the Pacific Coast are a cousin of this tick, known as the Western black-legged tick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Lone Star tick\u003c/strong> is aggressive; instead of “questing” from a blade of grass like a black-legged tick, it may pursue a person 50 to 75 feet away. “People could be hanging out on their deck and they’ll crawl up on them,” Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can carry ehrlichiosis, heartland virus, tularemia and Southern tick-associated rash illness. Their bite may also trigger alpha-gal syndrome, which can cause an allergy to meat. Adult females have a white dot on their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its range includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/stari/geo/index.html\">large swath of the country\u003c/a> from Iowa to Texas and everywhere east of there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gulf Coast tick\u003c/strong> is a close relation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The American dog tick, also known as a wood tick,\u003c/strong> can carry Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, one of the deadliest tick-borne diseases, and tularemia. This tick is much bigger than a black-legged tick, so people are more likely to spot them when they latch on. It’s found in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/american_dog_tick.pdf\">eastern two-thirds of the country and California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rocky Mountain wood tick\u003c/strong> can spread Colorado Tick Fever in addition to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia. It ranges primarily in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/maps/rocky_mountain_wood_tick.pdf\">northern Rocky Mountain region\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Asian long-horned tick\u003c/strong> A new species landed in the U.S. in 2017, when it was spotted for the first time on a sheep in New Jersey. It’s now been noted in at least 15 states in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/longhorned-tick/index.html\">the Midwest and East Coast.\u003c/a> Female ticks do not need to mate to lay eggs, and thousands can be found together, making grassy areas appear to be moving. They have not yet been found to transmit disease in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to Avoid Getting Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To avoid a tick encounter, you’ll want to be vigilant about taking precautions whenever you’re spending a significant amount of time outdoors in tick territory, whether you’re hiking or mowing your lawn. Fortunately, the same prevention techniques work for all types of ticks, Pritt says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Get dorky: \u003c/strong>Repelling ticks starts with your outfit. Choose long sleeves and pants if possible. “And it may feel dorky, but tucking your pants into your socks gives ticks less access into the areas they can bite,” says Pritt, who wears white coveralls and duct tapes the legs to her socks when going on tick drags. Spray exposed skin with a good repellent. And treat clothes likely to be worn in tick habitat ahead of time with a permethrin repellent for the greatest protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Strip:\u003c/strong> After your adventure — even if it’s just mowing the lawn — the easiest way to make sure ticks stay outside is to disrobe as soon as possible — shed all your clothes on a porch before going inside to keep any hangers-on outside if possible — jump in the shower, check for ticks and scrub. Remember that disease-carrying ticks can be tiny: At the nymph stage, when it’s likely to bite you, a black-legged tick is the size of a poppy seed. Don’t forget about pets and kids. Check them for ticks outside; otherwise, a tick can fall off a dog inside and bite you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Disinfect:\u003c/strong> Throw discarded clothes into the dryer on high heat for at least 6 minutes to kill any stragglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What to Do if You Do Get Bitten\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Don’t panic. \u003c/strong> It’s a hard rule to follow, Pritt admits, but remember that not every tick carries a harmful bacteria or virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Forget the folk remedies:\u003c/strong> “Grab a pair of fine tipped tweezers, remove as quickly as possible as close to skin as you can by pulling it out in a smooth, continuous motion without twisting it,” Pritt says. And don’t light a match or roll it in butter, as in fact, those methods often result in only partial removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Save it: \u003c/strong>Put the tick in a plastic bag in the freezer, especially if you think it may have been attached a long time, which may increase the risk of Lyme disease transmission. That way if you decide to see a doctor, they’ll be able to identify the type of tick that bit you, and even test it for disease-causing bacteria. Keep in mind, though, that you may not get infected even if the tick tests positive, Dempsey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Watch for symptoms:\u003c/strong> A rash, headache, flu-like symptoms and joint pain can all be signs of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. A stiff neck and swollen lymph nodes are associated with Lyme disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IF YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS: \u003c/strong>Many people with Lyme disease \u003ca href=\"https://westnile.ca.gov/pdfs/VBDSAnnualReport19.pdf\">don’t remember getting a rash\u003c/a> or a tick bite. So mention your concerns to your health care provider. Blood tests may be able to detect Lyme disease after your body has developed antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday released photos and video of South Texas immigrant processing centers that have become a renewed focus of criticism for continued poor conditions despite President Biden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912060869/biden-pledges-to-dismantle-trumps-sweeping-immigration-changes-but-can-he-do-tha\">promises to fix Trump-era problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6566913/temporary-processing-facilities\">images appear\u003c/a> partly in response to photos released by Rep. Henry Cuellar and \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/photos-overcrowded-border-patrol-migrant-tents-0525a96b-0dc8-473f-b59c-38b0b3e52760.html\">published by Axios\u003c/a> on Monday showing migrants crammed into \"pods\" divided only by plastic sheathing. Cuellar, a Democrat who represents the border town of Laredo, Texas, said he recently witnessed \"terrible conditions for the children\" at the Donna Processing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg 1404w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the photos released by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) shows detained families and unaccompanied children sit in areas divided by plastic sheathing at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas. \u003ccite>(Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said the \"pods\" were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. He said the children needed to be quickly moved from the facility into the care of the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ought to take care of those kids like they're our own kids,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy comes barely two months into the Biden presidency, amid a surge in migrants coming to the U.S. from Central America that began late last year. The new administration says it sees ending a Trump-era policy of forcing migrants to remain in Mexico while their cases adjudicated as \"a moral imperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">More has to be done to address this growing humanitarian crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant children need our help right now. Not later. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\">https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Rep. Henry Cuellar (@RepCuellar) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepCuellar/status/1374090306392580097?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said one reason he released the photos was because the Biden administration had refused media access to the facility in Donna, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new White House says the Trump administration handed it a crumbling immigration and asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar (D) released a series of photos this Monday that show migrant families and unaccompanied minors detained in a temporary overflow facility in Donna, Texas on March 20, 2021. Cuellar has said the some spaces were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The images appear to show migrants undergoing processing and general living conditions, such as rows of migrants sleeping on mattresses on the ground, covered in silver emergency blankets. Other images show unaccompanied minors and families in line for processing or to receive meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief statement accompanying their release, Customs and Border Protection said it \"continues to transfer unaccompanied minors to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as quickly and efficiently as possible after they are apprehended on the Southwest Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Connecticut\"]'The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days.'[/pullquote]In apparent response to journalists being denied access to the facilities, CBP said that in order \"to protect the health and safety of our workforce and those in our care we continue to discourage external visitors in our facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday, blamed COVID-19 for restricting access by the news media. \"Let's be clear here, we are in the midst of a pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/979014713/hundreds-of-migrant-children-held-in-border-detention-for-more-than-10-days\">NPR reported\u003c/a> that a DHS document indicated more than 500 unaccompanied migrant children and teens had been held in detention centers for more than 10 days in violation of a policy that says they should be moved within 72 hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unaccompanied minors and families wait in line for processing at the temporary processing facilities in Donna, Texas on March 17, 2021. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodriguez Sr/U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked about the report, Connecticut Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/20/979491354/senators-visit-southern-border-amidst-increase-of-unaccompanied-minors\">speaking on NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a>, defended the administration's efforts to address the problems at facilities and to speed up the processing of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days,\" said Murphy, who recently returned from a visit to the Southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, as we speak, they are building new capacity to help house these children and filling new slots in the HHS system,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said that the Biden administration had \"inherited an absolute mess and wreck\" of an immigration system from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about conditions in the facilities, Murphy said they are \"better than what we saw in 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1347px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1347\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg 1347w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1347px) 100vw, 1347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children and families arrive at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas, on March 17. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodríguez Sr./U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']\"These are not kids in so-called cages. They are not being separated from their family at the border,\" he said, acknowledging, \"But these are facilities that you wouldn't want your child in for more than 10 minutes. They are big rooms. Kids are sleeping on thin mattresses on the floor. They are sort of bunched about six inches to a foot from each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have been quick to blame Biden for the rise in migrants at the border, saying his promise to end Trump-era policies invited a massive influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After visiting the border earlier this month, Rep. John Katko, R-New York, the ranking member on the House Homeland Security Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://katko.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/katko-mccarthy-lead-delegation-southern-border\">said in a statement\u003c/a> that his experience as a federal prosecutor of organized crime taught him \"that the cartels know when to exploit the southern border, and they're doing it now masterfully. They're doing it because President Biden rolled back a lot of the orders of the previous administration that were working.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Criticism of the Biden administration's immigration policy is growing louder as new images show the conditions of the processing centers migrant families and minors are kept in.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday released photos and video of South Texas immigrant processing centers that have become a renewed focus of criticism for continued poor conditions despite President Biden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912060869/biden-pledges-to-dismantle-trumps-sweeping-immigration-changes-but-can-he-do-tha\">promises to fix Trump-era problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6566913/temporary-processing-facilities\">images appear\u003c/a> partly in response to photos released by Rep. Henry Cuellar and \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/photos-overcrowded-border-patrol-migrant-tents-0525a96b-0dc8-473f-b59c-38b0b3e52760.html\">published by Axios\u003c/a> on Monday showing migrants crammed into \"pods\" divided only by plastic sheathing. Cuellar, a Democrat who represents the border town of Laredo, Texas, said he recently witnessed \"terrible conditions for the children\" at the Donna Processing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg 1404w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the photos released by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) shows detained families and unaccompanied children sit in areas divided by plastic sheathing at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas. \u003ccite>(Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said the \"pods\" were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. He said the children needed to be quickly moved from the facility into the care of the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ought to take care of those kids like they're our own kids,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy comes barely two months into the Biden presidency, amid a surge in migrants coming to the U.S. from Central America that began late last year. The new administration says it sees ending a Trump-era policy of forcing migrants to remain in Mexico while their cases adjudicated as \"a moral imperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">More has to be done to address this growing humanitarian crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant children need our help right now. Not later. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\">https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Rep. Henry Cuellar (@RepCuellar) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepCuellar/status/1374090306392580097?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said one reason he released the photos was because the Biden administration had refused media access to the facility in Donna, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new White House says the Trump administration handed it a crumbling immigration and asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar (D) released a series of photos this Monday that show migrant families and unaccompanied minors detained in a temporary overflow facility in Donna, Texas on March 20, 2021. Cuellar has said the some spaces were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The images appear to show migrants undergoing processing and general living conditions, such as rows of migrants sleeping on mattresses on the ground, covered in silver emergency blankets. Other images show unaccompanied minors and families in line for processing or to receive meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief statement accompanying their release, Customs and Border Protection said it \"continues to transfer unaccompanied minors to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as quickly and efficiently as possible after they are apprehended on the Southwest Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In apparent response to journalists being denied access to the facilities, CBP said that in order \"to protect the health and safety of our workforce and those in our care we continue to discourage external visitors in our facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday, blamed COVID-19 for restricting access by the news media. \"Let's be clear here, we are in the midst of a pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/979014713/hundreds-of-migrant-children-held-in-border-detention-for-more-than-10-days\">NPR reported\u003c/a> that a DHS document indicated more than 500 unaccompanied migrant children and teens had been held in detention centers for more than 10 days in violation of a policy that says they should be moved within 72 hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unaccompanied minors and families wait in line for processing at the temporary processing facilities in Donna, Texas on March 17, 2021. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodriguez Sr/U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked about the report, Connecticut Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/20/979491354/senators-visit-southern-border-amidst-increase-of-unaccompanied-minors\">speaking on NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a>, defended the administration's efforts to address the problems at facilities and to speed up the processing of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days,\" said Murphy, who recently returned from a visit to the Southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, as we speak, they are building new capacity to help house these children and filling new slots in the HHS system,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said that the Biden administration had \"inherited an absolute mess and wreck\" of an immigration system from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about conditions in the facilities, Murphy said they are \"better than what we saw in 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1347px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1347\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg 1347w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1347px) 100vw, 1347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children and families arrive at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas, on March 17. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodríguez Sr./U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"These are not kids in so-called cages. They are not being separated from their family at the border,\" he said, acknowledging, \"But these are facilities that you wouldn't want your child in for more than 10 minutes. They are big rooms. Kids are sleeping on thin mattresses on the floor. They are sort of bunched about six inches to a foot from each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have been quick to blame Biden for the rise in migrants at the border, saying his promise to end Trump-era policies invited a massive influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After visiting the border earlier this month, Rep. John Katko, R-New York, the ranking member on the House Homeland Security Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://katko.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/katko-mccarthy-lead-delegation-southern-border\">said in a statement\u003c/a> that his experience as a federal prosecutor of organized crime taught him \"that the cartels know when to exploit the southern border, and they're doing it now masterfully. They're doing it because President Biden rolled back a lot of the orders of the previous administration that were working.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "is-it-time-for-a-race-reckoning-in-kidney-medicine",
"title": "Is It Time for a Race Reckoning in Kidney Medicine?",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the U.S. grapples with the effects of systemic racism, some in the medical community are questioning whether the tools they use to assess patient health may be contributing to racial health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That debate is playing out most prominently in the world of kidney medicine. Black people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/minorities-KD\">almost four times\u003c/a> more likely to suffer from kidney failure than non-Hispanic whites. And once they get to that stage, Black patients \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27555121/\">spend months longer waiting\u003c/a> for a kidney transplant than white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who are in need of a kidney doctor, visit a site like \u003ca href=\"http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\">http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\u003c/a> to schedule a consultation today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some doctors are asking whether a diagnostic formula most commonly used to assess the health of patients with chronic kidney disease may be unintentionally contributing to those poor outcomes — and reinforcing racist thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool in question is a formula used to estimate GFR, or glomerular filtration rate. It’s a measure of how fast a person’s kidneys filter blood. Lower kidney filtration rates suggest worse kidney function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gold standard for measuring GFR is a burdensome process that involves urine collection over a 24-hour period as well as a blood sample. So instead, doctors and labs routinely estimate kidney function by measuring blood levels of creatinine, a waste product filtered by the kidneys, and then doing a calculation that also factors in the patient’s age and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a patient is African American, the person’s race also plays into this calculation. Doctors and labs will routinely apply what’s called a “race correction” or “race adjustment” to their estimated GFR number so that Black patients with chronic kidney disease end up with higher values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the practice is based on flawed scientific assumptions tinged with racism. And because higher filtration rates suggest better kidney function, critics argue that correcting for race may delay critical referrals to specialists, potentially leading to worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are we on the side of overestimating [filtration rates] if it could result in Black patients getting less care, to put it bluntly?” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/12608/mallika-mendu-internal_medicine-renal_kidney_disease-boston\">Mallika Mendu\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist and executive director for critical care at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, this June, Mendu’s hospital system, Mass General Brigham, became one of a growing number of medical institutions in the U.S. to abandon the use of race in estimating GFR, amid a movement driven by medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other kidney specialists argue that while the use of race in kidney medicine is flawed, the rush to abandon it might cause more harm than it cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is the use of race exacerbating disparities?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mendu co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06280-5\">study published this fall\u003c/a> that found that if the race correction were removed, up to one out of every three Black patients would be reclassified as having a more severe stage of chronic kidney disease. And up to one-quarter of Black patients would have been reclassified from stage 3 to stage 4 of the disease — the final stage before kidney failure, which can trigger more advanced care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings suggest “there is real potential for exacerbating disparities” when a race correction is applied, Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct the study, the researchers turned to a registry of more than 56,000 patients with chronic kidney disease created by the Mass General Brigham hospital network. Of those, 2,225 self-identified as African American. The researchers then recalibrated the Black patients’ estimated GFR values to see what they would be without the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu says perhaps the most striking finding was that when the race correction was removed, 64 Black patients had a kidney filtration rate lower than 20 — the threshold at which patients are referred for a kidney transplant. But Mendu says records showed that none of those 64 patients had actually been referred or evaluated for a transplant, because with the race correction applied, their GFR values were hovering above that threshold.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Vanessa Grubbs, UCSF kidney specialist\"]‘The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a really big deal, she says, because that means those patients lost critical time on the waiting list for a new kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more time you spend on a waitlist, if you’re waiting for a kidney, the more likely you are to get a kidney,” Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these existing disparities, Mendu says, kidney specialists should rethink the use of the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/neil.powe\">Neil Powe\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF, is among those who caution against abandoning race in estimating GFR too quickly. He points out that racial disparities in outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease existed long before the use of race to calculate kidney function became widespread two decades ago. And in the study from Mendu and her colleagues, he notes that 80% of the Black patients who did have an estimated GFR of 20 or lower with the race correction were not referred for a kidney transplant, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says that this suggests the race-based equations “are a smaller part of what’s causing disparities in African Americans getting waitlisted [for a kidney transplant]. And those other things that cause disparities could be racism as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>First, do no harm\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The use of race-adjusted algorithms to estimate kidney filtration rates dates back to 1999. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002\">based on a study\u003c/a> that included 1,304 white people and 197 Black people. The researchers found that, on average, Black people in the study had higher kidney filtration rates than white people at the same blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting that the formula then used to estimate GFR was underestimating kidney function in Black people. So the authors introduced a race correction to the formula that better fit the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006\">Another much larger study, published in 2009\u003c/a>, revised the equation used to estimate GFR but also found that it more accurately reflected measured GFR when it adjusted values for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/vanessa.grubbs\">Vanessa Grubbs\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF and a longtime critic of using a race-adjusted GFR, says the originators of race adjustments in GFR algorithms were unable to explain why Black people might produce and clear creatinine from their bodies differently than white people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One explanation that is often cited is muscle mass, since creatinine is a breakdown product of muscles. In the 1999 study, the authors observed that three previous studies had found Black people on average have greater muscle mass than white people. But as Grubbs noted \u003ca href=\"https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/15/8/1201.long\">in a recent paper\u003c/a>, those studies, now decades old, were small and did not measure muscle mass directly. Yet the use of race as a proxy for muscle mass reinforces the notion that “black bodies are biologically different than white ones,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu notes that in the 2009 study, the majority of all patients — not just Black ones — had a sizable difference between their measured and estimated GFRs, suggesting that GFR is an imprecise variable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she says that race itself is a poor marker of biological difference. “We know that there is more diversity within Black patients than there is genetic diversity between a Black person and a white person,” she says. “To say that somebody being Black is somehow a monolithic thing when it comes to genetics, when it comes to ancestry, I think is challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, she asks, would you apply the race adjustment to someone biracial, like former President Barack Obama?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A movement for change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The debate in kidney medicine comes amid a broader examination of the use of race in clinical diagnostics in the medical community. That reckoning has been brought about in large part by medical students at institutions across the country who have questioned the scientific evidence justifying the use of race in diagnostic formulas and whether that might be perpetuating inequalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference. And then, on the other hand, our clinical faculty were turning around and teaching us that race is being used as a proxy for genetic difference every day in clinical medicine,” says Dr. Leo Eisenstein, a second-year medical resident at New York University and Bellevue hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a medical student at Harvard University, Eisenstein was part of a coalition of students whose research and lobbying efforts convinced Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston to abandon the use of race in GFR in 2017. The students zeroed in on race-adjusted estimated GFR, he says, in part because it seemed to be systematically correcting Black patients to a healthier level in a way that might be less protective.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Leo Eisenstein, NYU and Bellvue hospitals medical resident\"]‘From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Eisenstein and some of his former classmates have advised medical students at other universities who are seeking to convince their institutions to abandon race-based GFR as well. This summer, the \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.uw.edu/news/uw-medicine-exclude-race-calculation-egfr-measure-kidney-function\">University of Washington\u003c/a> health system and \u003ca href=\"https://news.vumc.org/2020/07/13/groups-efforts-lead-to-removal-of-race-as-a-variable-in-common-test-of-kidney-function/\">Vanderbilt University Medical Center\u003c/a> also dropped race from their estimated GFR equations after students teamed up with faculty to examine the strength of the evidence behind the use of race adjustments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eisenstein says for younger generations of medical students who see the world with a racial justice lens, the issue was clear — the race correction had to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re possibly perpetuating or worsening racial health disparities without anyone intending to do so,” says Eisenstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Seeking a new standard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August, the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/newsletter/nkf-and-asn-form-joint-task-force-to-focus-use-race-egfr\">formed a task force\u003c/a> to debate the pros and cons of using race in estimated GFR. The group is expected to issue its interim recommendations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/news/public-forums-announced-to-provide-input-to-joint-task-force-to-reassess-inclusion-race\">January 2021\u003c/a>. Powe is co-chair of the panel; Mendu is on it as well. Both agree that if doctors do continue to use race-adjusted GFR, they need to be transparent with Black patients about it and they should not rely on GFR alone to make decisions about patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another member of the panel, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/physiciandirectory/lesley-inker\">Lesley Inker\u003c/a>, is a kidney specialist at Tufts University who helped develop the revised 2009 GFR algorithm that includes a race correction. She too thinks that the reasons behind the observed differences in GFR values for Black and white patients are not well understood and that the use of race in such calculations has limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s appropriate these questions keep getting asked,” she says.[aside postID=\"news_11842376,news_11852147,news_11826872\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Inker warns that moving to abandon the use of race in GFR too quickly could have widespread unintended consequences and could potentially lead to less care for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the race correction, Inker says, Black patients’ kidney function might look worse than it actually is. For patients with other medical conditions, she says that could mean less access to treatments, clinical trials and medications that they would otherwise have qualified for. For example, metformin is the first drug of choice to treat diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but those with a GFR of 30 or below cannot use the drug, which means they might have to turn to other medications with more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe notes that it could even affect Black patients’ ability to secure life insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says he sees why the use of race to estimate GFR is problematic, but when the data show actual racial and ethnic differences in kidney function, he asks, “Do we just ignore them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s benefits and disadvantages on both sides,” Inker says. Her research group is working on a more precise formula to calculate GFR without the use of demographics, and it’s analyzing how eliminating the race correction could affect patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Inker says, doctors should be asking, “What’s the best outcome for each individual patient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone interviewed for this story agrees that an ideal solution would be to use another biomarker to measure kidney function that does not rely on race. But Powe worries that doctors will start dropping race-corrected estimated GFR before the broader kidney specialist community agrees on what that biomarker should be. “We want to have a standardized approach so that we don’t have chaos in the medical community,” Powe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the use of race in other clinical diagnostic tools has come to the attention of lawmakers. In September, the House Ways and Means Committee \u003ca href=\"https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ways-and-means-committee-issues-request-information-misuse-race-within\">asked medical professional associations\u003c/a> to reexamine the use — and misuse — of race in clinical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their inquiry was prompted in part by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMms2004740\">an article published\u003c/a> this summer in the New England Journal of Medicine — co-authored by Eisenstein — that analyzed 13 clinical algorithms that incorporate a patient’s race in various specialties, from kidney medicine to pulmonology, obstetrics, urology and cardiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the examples cited had the potential to affect the quality of care that people of color receive — for example, by underestimating the risks of heart failure in hospitalized Black patients or by steering more pregnant women of color toward cesarean sections if they’d had one in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s perverse. The minorities are the ones who have the worst health outcomes,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/david-s-jones\">David Jones\u003c/a>, a physician and medical historian at Harvard and a co-author of the NEJM article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones stresses that he and others aren’t calling for medicine to abandon the collection of race data altogether, because it’s necessary in order to understand the racial health disparities that exist in the United States. Instead he says: “We’re calling to take a really close look at predictive uses of race, especially ones that exaggerate or accentuate health disparities.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The tool in question is a common formula used to estimate GFR, or glomerular filtration rate, which some doctors believe may be unintentionally reinforcing racist thinking. \r\n\r\n",
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"title": "Is It Time for a Race Reckoning in Kidney Medicine? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the U.S. grapples with the effects of systemic racism, some in the medical community are questioning whether the tools they use to assess patient health may be contributing to racial health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That debate is playing out most prominently in the world of kidney medicine. Black people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/minorities-KD\">almost four times\u003c/a> more likely to suffer from kidney failure than non-Hispanic whites. And once they get to that stage, Black patients \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27555121/\">spend months longer waiting\u003c/a> for a kidney transplant than white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who are in need of a kidney doctor, visit a site like \u003ca href=\"http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\">http://www.thekidneydocs.com/\u003c/a> to schedule a consultation today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some doctors are asking whether a diagnostic formula most commonly used to assess the health of patients with chronic kidney disease may be unintentionally contributing to those poor outcomes — and reinforcing racist thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool in question is a formula used to estimate GFR, or glomerular filtration rate. It’s a measure of how fast a person’s kidneys filter blood. Lower kidney filtration rates suggest worse kidney function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gold standard for measuring GFR is a burdensome process that involves urine collection over a 24-hour period as well as a blood sample. So instead, doctors and labs routinely estimate kidney function by measuring blood levels of creatinine, a waste product filtered by the kidneys, and then doing a calculation that also factors in the patient’s age and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a patient is African American, the person’s race also plays into this calculation. Doctors and labs will routinely apply what’s called a “race correction” or “race adjustment” to their estimated GFR number so that Black patients with chronic kidney disease end up with higher values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the practice is based on flawed scientific assumptions tinged with racism. And because higher filtration rates suggest better kidney function, critics argue that correcting for race may delay critical referrals to specialists, potentially leading to worse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are we on the side of overestimating [filtration rates] if it could result in Black patients getting less care, to put it bluntly?” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/12608/mallika-mendu-internal_medicine-renal_kidney_disease-boston\">Mallika Mendu\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist and executive director for critical care at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, this June, Mendu’s hospital system, Mass General Brigham, became one of a growing number of medical institutions in the U.S. to abandon the use of race in estimating GFR, amid a movement driven by medical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other kidney specialists argue that while the use of race in kidney medicine is flawed, the rush to abandon it might cause more harm than it cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is the use of race exacerbating disparities?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Mendu co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06280-5\">study published this fall\u003c/a> that found that if the race correction were removed, up to one out of every three Black patients would be reclassified as having a more severe stage of chronic kidney disease. And up to one-quarter of Black patients would have been reclassified from stage 3 to stage 4 of the disease — the final stage before kidney failure, which can trigger more advanced care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings suggest “there is real potential for exacerbating disparities” when a race correction is applied, Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conduct the study, the researchers turned to a registry of more than 56,000 patients with chronic kidney disease created by the Mass General Brigham hospital network. Of those, 2,225 self-identified as African American. The researchers then recalibrated the Black patients’ estimated GFR values to see what they would be without the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu says perhaps the most striking finding was that when the race correction was removed, 64 Black patients had a kidney filtration rate lower than 20 — the threshold at which patients are referred for a kidney transplant. But Mendu says records showed that none of those 64 patients had actually been referred or evaluated for a transplant, because with the race correction applied, their GFR values were hovering above that threshold.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a really big deal, she says, because that means those patients lost critical time on the waiting list for a new kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more time you spend on a waitlist, if you’re waiting for a kidney, the more likely you are to get a kidney,” Mendu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these existing disparities, Mendu says, kidney specialists should rethink the use of the race correction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/neil.powe\">Neil Powe\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF, is among those who caution against abandoning race in estimating GFR too quickly. He points out that racial disparities in outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease existed long before the use of race to calculate kidney function became widespread two decades ago. And in the study from Mendu and her colleagues, he notes that 80% of the Black patients who did have an estimated GFR of 20 or lower with the race correction were not referred for a kidney transplant, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says that this suggests the race-based equations “are a smaller part of what’s causing disparities in African Americans getting waitlisted [for a kidney transplant]. And those other things that cause disparities could be racism as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>First, do no harm\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The use of race-adjusted algorithms to estimate kidney filtration rates dates back to 1999. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002\">based on a study\u003c/a> that included 1,304 white people and 197 Black people. The researchers found that, on average, Black people in the study had higher kidney filtration rates than white people at the same blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting that the formula then used to estimate GFR was underestimating kidney function in Black people. So the authors introduced a race correction to the formula that better fit the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006\">Another much larger study, published in 2009\u003c/a>, revised the equation used to estimate GFR but also found that it more accurately reflected measured GFR when it adjusted values for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/vanessa.grubbs\">Vanessa Grubbs\u003c/a>, a kidney specialist at UCSF and a longtime critic of using a race-adjusted GFR, says the originators of race adjustments in GFR algorithms were unable to explain why Black people might produce and clear creatinine from their bodies differently than white people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The suggestion that Black people and only Black people are different than every other human on the planet is just ludicrous,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One explanation that is often cited is muscle mass, since creatinine is a breakdown product of muscles. In the 1999 study, the authors observed that three previous studies had found Black people on average have greater muscle mass than white people. But as Grubbs noted \u003ca href=\"https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/15/8/1201.long\">in a recent paper\u003c/a>, those studies, now decades old, were small and did not measure muscle mass directly. Yet the use of race as a proxy for muscle mass reinforces the notion that “black bodies are biologically different than white ones,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendu notes that in the 2009 study, the majority of all patients — not just Black ones — had a sizable difference between their measured and estimated GFRs, suggesting that GFR is an imprecise variable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she says that race itself is a poor marker of biological difference. “We know that there is more diversity within Black patients than there is genetic diversity between a Black person and a white person,” she says. “To say that somebody being Black is somehow a monolithic thing when it comes to genetics, when it comes to ancestry, I think is challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, she asks, would you apply the race adjustment to someone biracial, like former President Barack Obama?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A movement for change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The debate in kidney medicine comes amid a broader examination of the use of race in clinical diagnostics in the medical community. That reckoning has been brought about in large part by medical students at institutions across the country who have questioned the scientific evidence justifying the use of race in diagnostic formulas and whether that might be perpetuating inequalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our social science and genetics faculty, we were getting a message loud and clear: Race is a social construct, and it’s not a reliable proxy for genetic difference. And then, on the other hand, our clinical faculty were turning around and teaching us that race is being used as a proxy for genetic difference every day in clinical medicine,” says Dr. Leo Eisenstein, a second-year medical resident at New York University and Bellevue hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a medical student at Harvard University, Eisenstein was part of a coalition of students whose research and lobbying efforts convinced Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston to abandon the use of race in GFR in 2017. The students zeroed in on race-adjusted estimated GFR, he says, in part because it seemed to be systematically correcting Black patients to a healthier level in a way that might be less protective.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Eisenstein and some of his former classmates have advised medical students at other universities who are seeking to convince their institutions to abandon race-based GFR as well. This summer, the \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.uw.edu/news/uw-medicine-exclude-race-calculation-egfr-measure-kidney-function\">University of Washington\u003c/a> health system and \u003ca href=\"https://news.vumc.org/2020/07/13/groups-efforts-lead-to-removal-of-race-as-a-variable-in-common-test-of-kidney-function/\">Vanderbilt University Medical Center\u003c/a> also dropped race from their estimated GFR equations after students teamed up with faculty to examine the strength of the evidence behind the use of race adjustments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eisenstein says for younger generations of medical students who see the world with a racial justice lens, the issue was clear — the race correction had to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re possibly perpetuating or worsening racial health disparities without anyone intending to do so,” says Eisenstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Seeking a new standard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In August, the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/newsletter/nkf-and-asn-form-joint-task-force-to-focus-use-race-egfr\">formed a task force\u003c/a> to debate the pros and cons of using race in estimated GFR. The group is expected to issue its interim recommendations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kidney.org/news/public-forums-announced-to-provide-input-to-joint-task-force-to-reassess-inclusion-race\">January 2021\u003c/a>. Powe is co-chair of the panel; Mendu is on it as well. Both agree that if doctors do continue to use race-adjusted GFR, they need to be transparent with Black patients about it and they should not rely on GFR alone to make decisions about patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another member of the panel, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/physiciandirectory/lesley-inker\">Lesley Inker\u003c/a>, is a kidney specialist at Tufts University who helped develop the revised 2009 GFR algorithm that includes a race correction. She too thinks that the reasons behind the observed differences in GFR values for Black and white patients are not well understood and that the use of race in such calculations has limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s appropriate these questions keep getting asked,” she says.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Inker warns that moving to abandon the use of race in GFR too quickly could have widespread unintended consequences and could potentially lead to less care for Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the race correction, Inker says, Black patients’ kidney function might look worse than it actually is. For patients with other medical conditions, she says that could mean less access to treatments, clinical trials and medications that they would otherwise have qualified for. For example, metformin is the first drug of choice to treat diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but those with a GFR of 30 or below cannot use the drug, which means they might have to turn to other medications with more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe notes that it could even affect Black patients’ ability to secure life insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powe says he sees why the use of race to estimate GFR is problematic, but when the data show actual racial and ethnic differences in kidney function, he asks, “Do we just ignore them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s benefits and disadvantages on both sides,” Inker says. Her research group is working on a more precise formula to calculate GFR without the use of demographics, and it’s analyzing how eliminating the race correction could affect patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Inker says, doctors should be asking, “What’s the best outcome for each individual patient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone interviewed for this story agrees that an ideal solution would be to use another biomarker to measure kidney function that does not rely on race. But Powe worries that doctors will start dropping race-corrected estimated GFR before the broader kidney specialist community agrees on what that biomarker should be. “We want to have a standardized approach so that we don’t have chaos in the medical community,” Powe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the use of race in other clinical diagnostic tools has come to the attention of lawmakers. In September, the House Ways and Means Committee \u003ca href=\"https://waysandmeans.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ways-and-means-committee-issues-request-information-misuse-race-within\">asked medical professional associations\u003c/a> to reexamine the use — and misuse — of race in clinical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their inquiry was prompted in part by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMms2004740\">an article published\u003c/a> this summer in the New England Journal of Medicine — co-authored by Eisenstein — that analyzed 13 clinical algorithms that incorporate a patient’s race in various specialties, from kidney medicine to pulmonology, obstetrics, urology and cardiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the examples cited had the potential to affect the quality of care that people of color receive — for example, by underestimating the risks of heart failure in hospitalized Black patients or by steering more pregnant women of color toward cesarean sections if they’d had one in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s perverse. The minorities are the ones who have the worst health outcomes,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/david-s-jones\">David Jones\u003c/a>, a physician and medical historian at Harvard and a co-author of the NEJM article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones stresses that he and others aren’t calling for medicine to abandon the collection of race data altogether, because it’s necessary in order to understand the racial health disparities that exist in the United States. Instead he says: “We’re calling to take a really close look at predictive uses of race, especially ones that exaggerate or accentuate health disparities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "To Manage Wildfire, California Looks to What Tribes Have Known All Along",
"title": "To Manage Wildfire, California Looks to What Tribes Have Known All Along",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a cool February morning, around 60 people gathered in the Sierra Nevada foothills to take part in a ceremony that, for many decades, was banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men and women from Native American tribes in Northern California stood in a circle, alongside university students and locals from around the town of Mariposa. Several wore bright yellow shirts made of flame-resistant fabric. For the next two days, the group would be carefully lighting fires in the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also sprinkled throughout the crowd were officials from the state government, which a century ago had largely prohibited California's tribes from continuing their ancient practice of controlled burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has always been part of California's landscape. But long before the vast blazes of recent years, Native American tribes held annual controlled burns that cleared out underbrush and encouraged new plant growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the North Fork Mono\"]'We don't put fire on the ground and not know how it's going to turn out. That's what makes it cultural burning, because we cultivate.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with wildfires raging across Northern California, joining other record-breaking fires from recent years, government officials say tackling the fire problem will mean bringing back \"good fire,\" much like California's tribes once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't put fire on the ground and not know how it's going to turn out,\" Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.northforkrancheria-nsn.gov/\">North Fork Mono\u003c/a>, tells the group. \"That's what makes it cultural burning, because we cultivate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Western settlers forcibly removed tribes from their land and banned religious ceremonies, cultural burning largely disappeared. Instead, state and federal authorities focused on swiftly extinguishing wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire suppression has only made California's wildfire risk worse. Without regular burns, the landscape grew thick with vegetation that dries out every summer, creating kindling for the fires that have recently destroyed California communities. Climate change and warming temperatures make those landscapes even more fire-prone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, tribal leaders and government officials are forging new partnerships. State and federal land managers have hundreds of thousands of acres that need careful burning to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires. Tribes are eager to gain access to those ancestral lands to restore traditional burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is old land,\" Goode tells the circle. \"It's been in use for thousands and thousands of years. And so what we're doing out here is restoring life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835096\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11835096\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-2048x1150.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1920x1078.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Goode and Ray Gutteriez keep an eye on a burning sourberry bush. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cultural Burning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a blessing, the group grabs shovels and chainsaws before heading out into the brush. It's late winter, and Mariposa's oak woodlands are dry and largely dormant, which is when controlled burning is safest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sourberries,\" Goode says, spotting a bare-limbed, tangled bush. \"Three-leaf sumac. There's a good one right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group begins harvesting the long branches, which are used in traditional basket-weaving. It can take hundreds of branches to create just one piece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the North Fork Mono\"]'When I was a kid, I learned from my mother. But my mother got in trouble when she burned because the fire department didn't want her doing what we're doing today.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray Gutteriez then takes a lighter to burn the plant, which encourages new growth that produces the flexible, straight branches prized by weavers. The plant is adapted to fire. Its root stock remains intact after burning and will quickly resprout after spring rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of our basket material needs to be tended to in some way,\" Gutteriez says, an ecologist and member of the Wuksachi Band of Mono Indians. \"So they need to be burned, and they're used to being burned. And then next year, we'll probably have sticks that are 6, 7 feet tall in one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also burns a large field, several acres across, which is choked with dead grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was a kid, I learned from my mother,\" Goode says of when he first started doing cultural burning. \"But my mother got in trouble when she burned because the fire department didn't want her doing what we're doing today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>History of Suppression\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before 1800, \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Stephens-et-al.-CA-fire-area-FEM-2007.pdf\">several million acres burned every year\u003c/a> in California due to both Indigenous burning and lightning-caused fires, far more than even the worst wildfire years today. Tribes used low-grade fires to shape the landscape, encouraging certain plants to grow both for tribal use and to attract game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival of Western settlers dramatically changed the fire regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They came with their concepts of being afraid of fire,\" Goode says. \"They didn't understand fire in the sense of the tool that it could be to create and what it did to help generate and rejuvenate the land. So they brought in suppression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service infamously had the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2007_donovan_j001.pdf\">10 a.m. policy\u003c/a>\": to put out all forest fires by 10 a.m. the next day. Without regular fires to clear out underbrush, forests quickly became overgrown, creating the conditions for more extreme fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cultural burn is very spiritual,\" Keith Turner of the North Fork Mono says. \"I used to fight fire for the Forest Service. And it was all about fighting fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native American tribes were forcibly displaced, and their religious ceremonies were banned throughout the state by the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was actually a bounty on California Indian people,\" says Beth Rose Middleton Manning, professor of Native American studies at the University of California, Davis. \"The governor had announced a war of extermination. So you have all that history, and it really fostered removal — settler ownership of Indigenous lands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Goode and other tribal leaders have been reaching out to ecologists, researchers and fire agencies about the importance of Indigenous knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's really important that we don't think about traditional burning as: what information can we learn from native people and then exclude people and move on with non-natives managing the land,\" Middleton Manning says. \"But that native people are at the forefront and leading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Forming Partnerships\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With wildfires causing record-breaking destruction in the last few years, California has committed to reducing the vegetation \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/12/31/california-certifies-statewide-programmatic-environmental-impact-review-to-protect-californians-from-catastrophic-wildfires/\">on a half-million acres\u003c/a>. The federal government has set a similar goal. But there's a long way to go to reach those numbers, and controlled burning can be challenging in landscapes with too much fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fire is a very wicked problem when you have years of suppression, because the longer you don't have fire in the system, the harder it is to put it back in,\" says Jonathan Long, ecologist with the Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station. \"So what we're trying to do is get these footholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.karuk.us/index.php/departments/natural-resources/eco-cultural-revitalization/wildland-fire-program\">Karuk\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a> tribes have partnered with the Forest Service to manage land for traditional values and wildfire management. \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2019/08/27/traditional-fire-management-help-revitalize-american-indian-cultures/\">Studies have shown\u003c/a> that the two goals work hand in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"wildfires\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By having these partnerships with the tribes, I think we can get that very frequent use of fire back in the system,\" Long says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Montgomery uses a drip torch, essentially a beefed-up lighter, to spread a line of fire at the corner of a field. As director of California's Forest Management Task Force, she knows the state is working against the clock to address its growing wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an opportunity for me to see how effective cultural fire can be in addressing the issues we have around uncontrolled wildfire,\" Montgomery says. \"The work that we did today, if a fire comes through there, it will drop down to the ground and frankly it may, given the right circumstances, just stop the fire entirely on its own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it's early days in developing these partnerships for many tribes, particularly after a long history of inequality created and reinforced by the government. Many California regional air regulators require burn permits over concerns about smoke and air pollution. Some counties offer special permits for tribes to facilitate their burns, but others don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goode says he is hoping that bringing together a wide network of researchers, officials, students and tribes will help those conversations happen faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm excited,\" he says, looking across the blackened field in the early evening light. \"I'm elated. Because I'm looking around at what we've done. How beautiful the land is looking. And it is. It is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Manage+Wildfire%2C+California+Looks+To+What+Tribes+Have+Known+All+Along&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a cool February morning, around 60 people gathered in the Sierra Nevada foothills to take part in a ceremony that, for many decades, was banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men and women from Native American tribes in Northern California stood in a circle, alongside university students and locals from around the town of Mariposa. Several wore bright yellow shirts made of flame-resistant fabric. For the next two days, the group would be carefully lighting fires in the surrounding hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also sprinkled throughout the crowd were officials from the state government, which a century ago had largely prohibited California's tribes from continuing their ancient practice of controlled burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire has always been part of California's landscape. But long before the vast blazes of recent years, Native American tribes held annual controlled burns that cleared out underbrush and encouraged new plant growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with wildfires raging across Northern California, joining other record-breaking fires from recent years, government officials say tackling the fire problem will mean bringing back \"good fire,\" much like California's tribes once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't put fire on the ground and not know how it's going to turn out,\" Ron Goode, tribal chairman of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.northforkrancheria-nsn.gov/\">North Fork Mono\u003c/a>, tells the group. \"That's what makes it cultural burning, because we cultivate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Western settlers forcibly removed tribes from their land and banned religious ceremonies, cultural burning largely disappeared. Instead, state and federal authorities focused on swiftly extinguishing wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire suppression has only made California's wildfire risk worse. Without regular burns, the landscape grew thick with vegetation that dries out every summer, creating kindling for the fires that have recently destroyed California communities. Climate change and warming temperatures make those landscapes even more fire-prone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, tribal leaders and government officials are forging new partnerships. State and federal land managers have hundreds of thousands of acres that need careful burning to reduce the risk of extreme wildfires. Tribes are eager to gain access to those ancestral lands to restore traditional burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is old land,\" Goode tells the circle. \"It's been in use for thousands and thousands of years. And so what we're doing out here is restoring life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835096\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11835096\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-2048x1150.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/cburn4_custom-c65d9559500ed15c0d52a1d22faf412143a5a919-s2500-c85-1920x1078.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Goode and Ray Gutteriez keep an eye on a burning sourberry bush. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cultural Burning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After a blessing, the group grabs shovels and chainsaws before heading out into the brush. It's late winter, and Mariposa's oak woodlands are dry and largely dormant, which is when controlled burning is safest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sourberries,\" Goode says, spotting a bare-limbed, tangled bush. \"Three-leaf sumac. There's a good one right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group begins harvesting the long branches, which are used in traditional basket-weaving. It can take hundreds of branches to create just one piece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray Gutteriez then takes a lighter to burn the plant, which encourages new growth that produces the flexible, straight branches prized by weavers. The plant is adapted to fire. Its root stock remains intact after burning and will quickly resprout after spring rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of our basket material needs to be tended to in some way,\" Gutteriez says, an ecologist and member of the Wuksachi Band of Mono Indians. \"So they need to be burned, and they're used to being burned. And then next year, we'll probably have sticks that are 6, 7 feet tall in one year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also burns a large field, several acres across, which is choked with dead grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was a kid, I learned from my mother,\" Goode says of when he first started doing cultural burning. \"But my mother got in trouble when she burned because the fire department didn't want her doing what we're doing today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>History of Suppression\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before 1800, \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Stephens-et-al.-CA-fire-area-FEM-2007.pdf\">several million acres burned every year\u003c/a> in California due to both Indigenous burning and lightning-caused fires, far more than even the worst wildfire years today. Tribes used low-grade fires to shape the landscape, encouraging certain plants to grow both for tribal use and to attract game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival of Western settlers dramatically changed the fire regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They came with their concepts of being afraid of fire,\" Goode says. \"They didn't understand fire in the sense of the tool that it could be to create and what it did to help generate and rejuvenate the land. So they brought in suppression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service infamously had the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2007_donovan_j001.pdf\">10 a.m. policy\u003c/a>\": to put out all forest fires by 10 a.m. the next day. Without regular fires to clear out underbrush, forests quickly became overgrown, creating the conditions for more extreme fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A cultural burn is very spiritual,\" Keith Turner of the North Fork Mono says. \"I used to fight fire for the Forest Service. And it was all about fighting fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native American tribes were forcibly displaced, and their religious ceremonies were banned throughout the state by the early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was actually a bounty on California Indian people,\" says Beth Rose Middleton Manning, professor of Native American studies at the University of California, Davis. \"The governor had announced a war of extermination. So you have all that history, and it really fostered removal — settler ownership of Indigenous lands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Goode and other tribal leaders have been reaching out to ecologists, researchers and fire agencies about the importance of Indigenous knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's really important that we don't think about traditional burning as: what information can we learn from native people and then exclude people and move on with non-natives managing the land,\" Middleton Manning says. \"But that native people are at the forefront and leading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Forming Partnerships\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With wildfires causing record-breaking destruction in the last few years, California has committed to reducing the vegetation \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/12/31/california-certifies-statewide-programmatic-environmental-impact-review-to-protect-californians-from-catastrophic-wildfires/\">on a half-million acres\u003c/a>. The federal government has set a similar goal. But there's a long way to go to reach those numbers, and controlled burning can be challenging in landscapes with too much fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fire is a very wicked problem when you have years of suppression, because the longer you don't have fire in the system, the harder it is to put it back in,\" says Jonathan Long, ecologist with the Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station. \"So what we're trying to do is get these footholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.karuk.us/index.php/departments/natural-resources/eco-cultural-revitalization/wildland-fire-program\">Karuk\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a> tribes have partnered with the Forest Service to manage land for traditional values and wildfire management. \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2019/08/27/traditional-fire-management-help-revitalize-american-indian-cultures/\">Studies have shown\u003c/a> that the two goals work hand in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By having these partnerships with the tribes, I think we can get that very frequent use of fire back in the system,\" Long says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Montgomery uses a drip torch, essentially a beefed-up lighter, to spread a line of fire at the corner of a field. As director of California's Forest Management Task Force, she knows the state is working against the clock to address its growing wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an opportunity for me to see how effective cultural fire can be in addressing the issues we have around uncontrolled wildfire,\" Montgomery says. \"The work that we did today, if a fire comes through there, it will drop down to the ground and frankly it may, given the right circumstances, just stop the fire entirely on its own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it's early days in developing these partnerships for many tribes, particularly after a long history of inequality created and reinforced by the government. Many California regional air regulators require burn permits over concerns about smoke and air pollution. Some counties offer special permits for tribes to facilitate their burns, but others don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goode says he is hoping that bringing together a wide network of researchers, officials, students and tribes will help those conversations happen faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm excited,\" he says, looking across the blackened field in the early evening light. \"I'm elated. Because I'm looking around at what we've done. How beautiful the land is looking. And it is. It is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Manage+Wildfire%2C+California+Looks+To+What+Tribes+Have+Known+All+Along&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal authorities will monitor the investigation into the death of a black man found hanging from a tree in the Southern California city of Palmdale, officials said Monday following large weekend protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Fuller’s body was found the previous Wednesday morning in Poncitlán Square in Palmdale. The 24-year-old’s death was deemed a likely suicide based on preliminary findings, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesCountySheriffsDepartment/posts/3649520038408216\">Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fuller’s family and supporters are pushing back against the department’s assessment, saying his death appears to be a lynching. A growing number of residents and officials in Los Angeles County are demanding answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office and the FBI’s Civil Rights Division will oversee the investigation into Fuller’s death, which is being led by the Los Angeles County sheriff’s homicide bureau, Sheriff Alex Villanueva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s office has completed an autopsy but is awaiting toxicology results, Dr. Jonathan Lucas said. Investigators are also looking at Fuller’s medical history. Homicide detectives plan to analyze the rope and its knot, canvass the area for video footage, interview Fuller’s social services case worker and speak to anyone who had recently interacted with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are also seeking to meet with Fuller’s family, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death came 10 days after another black man was found hanging from a tree about 50 miles away in Victorville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the state Senate began its session with a moment of silence for Fuller and Malcolm Harsch. The death of Harsch, the 38-year-old black man who was found on May 31, came to light after Fuller’s case. Harsch’s family told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvng.com/sheriffs-department-says-foul-play-not-suspected-after-black-man-found-hanging-in-tree-near-victorville-city-library/\">Victor Valley News\u003c/a> on Saturday that “the explanation of suicide does not seem plausible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villanueva said his investigators will consult with San Bernardino detectives to see if there are any commonalities between the deaths of the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Community’s Call for Justice Grows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, hundreds gathered in the park where Fuller’s body was found demanding an investigation into his death. Throughout the day, protesters marched through the city’s major thoroughfares and to the Palmdale’s Sheriff Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Diamond Alexander, Robert Fuller's sister\"]‘We really want to find out the truth of what really happened. It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally near the tree where her brother’s body was found, Fuller’s sister, Diamond Alexander, expressed her skepticism that he died by suicide and said her family still had unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to find out the truth of what really happened,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/josie_huang/status/1271872174152773632?s=20\">said Alexander, choking up \u003c/a>while speaking about her brother’s death. “It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death reverberated through Palmdale and much of the region. The city is part of the Antelope Valley, a metro area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/the-shifting-demographics-of-antelope-valley-and-developments-consequences\">that has transformed\u003c/a> from a majority-white community into a racially diverse exurb in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift has not been without tensions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted\">Neo-Nazi groups\u003c/a> have been reported in the area. There have also been Justice Department actions over alleged \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/housing-authority-los-angeles-county-and-cities-lancaster-california-and-palmdale-california\">discriminatory housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-releases-findings-antelope-valley-stations-los-angeles-county-sheriff-s\">policing practices \u003c/a>in Palmdale and the neighboring city of Lancaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department announced a virtual town hall with Palmdale and Lancaster residents for Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More officials lined up behind the Fuller family’s demands for answers over the weekend. The Los Angeles County supervisor for the 5th District, Kathryn Barger, asked state Attorney General Xavier Becerra to get involved in an independent investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"george-floyd\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your role as the lead attorney and law enforcement official for the State of California will lend additional credibility, expertise and sensitivity to an already grieving community that deserves answers,” Barger \u003ca href=\"https://kathrynbarger.lacounty.gov/letter-to-xavier-becerra/\">wrote in a letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post Saturday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2995594557201695\">the city of Palmdale\u003c/a> said it’s “joining the family and the community’s call for justice, and we do support a full investigation into his death. We will settle for nothing less than a thorough accounting of this matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other city officials who had earlier echoed the county’s findings seemed to join the call, including Palmdale City Manager J.J. Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City of Palmdale will do everything we can to assist Mr. Fuller’s family during this difficult time as we all wait to learn more about his tragic death,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2993904557370695\">Murphy said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement a day earlier, Murphy said the county had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpalmdale.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=363&fbclid=IwAR3KkOvIIhPI28kya_i3BJIVR7n5T6-wqq2uAltuG8NMGJ2UQMISn03oMaM\">confirmed that Fuller\u003c/a> had died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+City+Residents+Demand+Answers+After+Black+Man+Found+Hanging+From+Tree&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday at 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal authorities will monitor the investigation into the death of a black man found hanging from a tree in the Southern California city of Palmdale, officials said Monday following large weekend protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Fuller’s body was found the previous Wednesday morning in Poncitlán Square in Palmdale. The 24-year-old’s death was deemed a likely suicide based on preliminary findings, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LosAngelesCountySheriffsDepartment/posts/3649520038408216\">Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fuller’s family and supporters are pushing back against the department’s assessment, saying his death appears to be a lynching. A growing number of residents and officials in Los Angeles County are demanding answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office and the FBI’s Civil Rights Division will oversee the investigation into Fuller’s death, which is being led by the Los Angeles County sheriff’s homicide bureau, Sheriff Alex Villanueva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coroner’s office has completed an autopsy but is awaiting toxicology results, Dr. Jonathan Lucas said. Investigators are also looking at Fuller’s medical history. Homicide detectives plan to analyze the rope and its knot, canvass the area for video footage, interview Fuller’s social services case worker and speak to anyone who had recently interacted with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are also seeking to meet with Fuller’s family, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death came 10 days after another black man was found hanging from a tree about 50 miles away in Victorville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the state Senate began its session with a moment of silence for Fuller and Malcolm Harsch. The death of Harsch, the 38-year-old black man who was found on May 31, came to light after Fuller’s case. Harsch’s family told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vvng.com/sheriffs-department-says-foul-play-not-suspected-after-black-man-found-hanging-in-tree-near-victorville-city-library/\">Victor Valley News\u003c/a> on Saturday that “the explanation of suicide does not seem plausible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Villanueva said his investigators will consult with San Bernardino detectives to see if there are any commonalities between the deaths of the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Community’s Call for Justice Grows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, hundreds gathered in the park where Fuller’s body was found demanding an investigation into his death. Throughout the day, protesters marched through the city’s major thoroughfares and to the Palmdale’s Sheriff Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally near the tree where her brother’s body was found, Fuller’s sister, Diamond Alexander, expressed her skepticism that he died by suicide and said her family still had unanswered questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really want to find out the truth of what really happened,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/josie_huang/status/1271872174152773632?s=20\">said Alexander, choking up \u003c/a>while speaking about her brother’s death. “It’s like everything that they’ve been telling us has not been right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller’s death reverberated through Palmdale and much of the region. The city is part of the Antelope Valley, a metro area \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcet.org/shows/artbound/the-shifting-demographics-of-antelope-valley-and-developments-consequences\">that has transformed\u003c/a> from a majority-white community into a racially diverse exurb in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift has not been without tensions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted\">Neo-Nazi groups\u003c/a> have been reported in the area. There have also been Justice Department actions over alleged \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/housing-authority-los-angeles-county-and-cities-lancaster-california-and-palmdale-california\">discriminatory housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-releases-findings-antelope-valley-stations-los-angeles-county-sheriff-s\">policing practices \u003c/a>in Palmdale and the neighboring city of Lancaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your role as the lead attorney and law enforcement official for the State of California will lend additional credibility, expertise and sensitivity to an already grieving community that deserves answers,” Barger \u003ca href=\"https://kathrynbarger.lacounty.gov/letter-to-xavier-becerra/\">wrote in a letter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post Saturday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2995594557201695\">the city of Palmdale\u003c/a> said it’s “joining the family and the community’s call for justice, and we do support a full investigation into his death. We will settle for nothing less than a thorough accounting of this matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other city officials who had earlier echoed the county’s findings seemed to join the call, including Palmdale City Manager J.J. Murphy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City of Palmdale will do everything we can to assist Mr. Fuller’s family during this difficult time as we all wait to learn more about his tragic death,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityofPalmdale/posts/2993904557370695\">Murphy said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement a day earlier, Murphy said the county had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpalmdale.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=363&fbclid=IwAR3KkOvIIhPI28kya_i3BJIVR7n5T6-wqq2uAltuG8NMGJ2UQMISn03oMaM\">confirmed that Fuller\u003c/a> had died by suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+City+Residents+Demand+Answers+After+Black+Man+Found+Hanging+From+Tree&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The World Cup champion U.S. women’s soccer team is vowing to fight on after a judge dismissed key parts of their lawsuit seeking compensation equal to that of their male counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. women filed the suit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California in March 2019, months after the U.S. men’s soccer team failed to qualify for the World Cup in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal Judge R. Gary Klausner rejected the women’s team’s argument over receiving lower pay than the U.S. men’s team. He also dismissed a claim of unequal working conditions related to the number of turf and real grass pitches. While the judge did allow other claims in the lawsuit to move forward to trial, for the women \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11757919/u-s-womens-soccer-team-fighting-for-world-cup-win-and-pay-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">who won the hearts of the nation with a romp to the World Cup title last year\u003c/a>, the ruling is a major blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are shocked and disappointed with today’s decision, but we will not give up our hard work for equal pay,” Molly Levinson, spokesperson for the players, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Team co-captain Megan Rapinoe tweeted: “We will never stop fighting for EQUALITY.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mPinoe/status/1256373201283809281\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit argued in part that “the female players have been consistently paid less money than their male counterparts. This is true even though their performance has been superior to that of the male players.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. women then went on to dominate the 2019 tournament, culminating with a 2-0 win over the Netherlands that fueled support for their claim that they were undervalued. The crowd cheering the team’s victory in France erupted into a chant of “equal pay, equal pay!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In dismissing the women’s claim that they are paid less for the same work, Klausner pointed to differences in the structure of the men’s and women’s contracts — contracts to which they agreed in collective bargaining. [aside tag='soccer, pay equity' label='More on soccer and equity']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The WNT [Women’s National Team] rejected an offer to be paid under the same pay-to-play structure as the MNT [Men’s National Team] and … the WNT was willing to forgo higher bonuses for other benefits, such as greater base compensation and the guarantee of a higher number of contracted players,” Klausner wrote. “Accordingly, Plaintiffs cannot now retroactively deem their CBA worse than the MNT CBA by reference to what they would have made had they been paid under the MNT’s pay-to-play structure when they themselves rejected such a structure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said the women’s contract guarantees players will be paid regardless of whether they play. The men are paid if they are called into camp to play and then participate in a match. On this point, Klausner said, the plaintiff’s statements “were insufficient to establish a genuine dispute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Klausner’s ruling Friday, Levinson promised that the women “will appeal and press on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have learned that there are tremendous obstacles to change,” she said. “We know that it takes bravery and courage and perseverance to stand up to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, U.S. Soccer expressed hope for a less acrimonious future: “We look forward to working with the Women’s National Team to chart a positive path forward to grow the game … we are committed to continuing that work to ensure our Women’s National Team remains the best in the world and sets the standard for women’s soccer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trial for the remaining portions of the lawsuit, which include allegations of differences in men’s and women’s travel and hotel accommodations, is set to begin in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the judge’s decision \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6881283/Document.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit argued in part that “the female players have been consistently paid less money than their male counterparts. This is true even though their performance has been superior to that of the male players.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. women then went on to dominate the 2019 tournament, culminating with a 2-0 win over the Netherlands that fueled support for their claim that they were undervalued. The crowd cheering the team’s victory in France erupted into a chant of “equal pay, equal pay!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In dismissing the women’s claim that they are paid less for the same work, Klausner pointed to differences in the structure of the men’s and women’s contracts — contracts to which they agreed in collective bargaining. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The WNT [Women’s National Team] rejected an offer to be paid under the same pay-to-play structure as the MNT [Men’s National Team] and … the WNT was willing to forgo higher bonuses for other benefits, such as greater base compensation and the guarantee of a higher number of contracted players,” Klausner wrote. “Accordingly, Plaintiffs cannot now retroactively deem their CBA worse than the MNT CBA by reference to what they would have made had they been paid under the MNT’s pay-to-play structure when they themselves rejected such a structure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said the women’s contract guarantees players will be paid regardless of whether they play. The men are paid if they are called into camp to play and then participate in a match. On this point, Klausner said, the plaintiff’s statements “were insufficient to establish a genuine dispute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Klausner’s ruling Friday, Levinson promised that the women “will appeal and press on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have learned that there are tremendous obstacles to change,” she said. “We know that it takes bravery and courage and perseverance to stand up to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, U.S. Soccer expressed hope for a less acrimonious future: “We look forward to working with the Women’s National Team to chart a positive path forward to grow the game … we are committed to continuing that work to ensure our Women’s National Team remains the best in the world and sets the standard for women’s soccer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trial for the remaining portions of the lawsuit, which include allegations of differences in men’s and women’s travel and hotel accommodations, is set to begin in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the judge’s decision \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6881283/Document.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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