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"content": "\u003cp>D.A.R.E. stands for “drug abuse resistance education” and is a program that has been in schools since the 80s to prevent youth from doing drugs. Schools widely accepted the program all over the country for decades, until scientists found it wasn’t really effective. Fast forward to the present day and D.A.R.E as made a comeback… sort of. Myles investigates how D.A.R.E. has changed its curriculum and other ways that drug education is being taught in schools. Join him in answering the question: How should schools educate teens about drugs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>TEACHERS:\u003c/strong> Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/123?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is D.A.R.E?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D.A.R.E stands for drug abuse resistance education. It brings police officers into classrooms to teach students drug prevention, with the prevailing belief being that any amount of drug use, no matter how small, is harmful to the individual AND to society. D.A.R.E began in the early 80s in LA, but by the 90s it had gone national in nearly 75 percent of all school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was D.A.R.E effective?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the science, not really. The “just say no” to drugs message at best worked in the short term, but wore off within a year or two. At the end of the day, having students say “no” just doesn’t leave a lasting impact on most of them because they’re parroting back a message to an adult. It doesn’t mimic real-life situations where they will need to say no to friends and other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the new D.A.R.E of today a better version of the original?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, D.A.R.E adopted a new school curriculum called “Keepin’ It Real”. Keepin’ It Real was developed at a university by researchers that study and understand drugs and addiction and how that stuff affects the adolescent brain. And it’s different from the old, zero-tolerance D.A.R.E in that it’s not about “just saying no” and instead is more focused on helping students with their decision-making skills. Police officers have been re-trained so it’s more interactive and less based on lectures. And students can have discussions with other students. Studies conducted by the two researchers who created the program show it’s effective at reducing drug use and helping students resist peer pressure. But not everyone in the public health community is convinced the new D.A.R.E is much better than the previous program. One peer-reviewed study came to the conclusion that the evidence is “weak” and that it “may not be suited for nationwide implementation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is “harm reduction”?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harm reduction describes an approach to public health issues such as teen drug abuse. Rather than a zero-tolerance philosophy, harm reduction is focused on helping people make more informed decisions about their own health and reducing the negative health impacts if they DO choose to do the behavior. With harm reduction, how you measure success is not, “Are students doing drugs less?” Instead, it’s how safe are they if they do drugs or are around drugs. For example, knowing how edible cannabis might affect you vs. smoking it. Or how to recognize the symptoms of an overdose and how best to respond to it. When harm reduction is taught well, it’s been proven to prevent death, injury, disease, overdose, and substance misuse. And one thing you WON’T find in harm reduction programs is police officers. There is an inherent conflict of interest in law enforcement talking to students about healthier choices around using illegal substances. And for many students from communities with a history of tense or even abusive relationships with law enforcement, police officers may not be the best messengers for talking honestly about drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why anti-drug campaigns like DARE fail \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2014/9/1/5998571/why-anti-drug-campaigns-like-dare-fail\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.vox.com/2014/9/1/5998571/why-anti-drug-campaigns-like-dare-fail\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2014/9/1/5998571/why-anti-drug-campaigns-like-dare-fail\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Vox investigates why anti-drug campaigns that promote zero tolerance are not effective.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A brief history of DARE, the anti-drug program Jeff Sessions wants to revive\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the Washington Post summarizes the history of the D.A.R.E. Program in American schools up until its modern day curriculum shift.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The New D.A.R.E. Program—This One Works\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-d-a-r-e-program-this-one-works/#\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-d-a-r-e-program-this-one-works/#\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-d-a-r-e-program-this-one-works/#\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from Scientific American focuses on how the new D.A.R.E. curriculum emphasizes decision-making and behavior-changing techniques instead of a no-tolerance approach to drug use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Drug Education Curriculum Moves Beyond ‘Just Say No’ to Teach Harm Reduction\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/drug-education-curriculum-moves-beyond-just-say-no-to-teach-harm-reduction/2019/10\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/drug-education-curriculum-moves-beyond-just-say-no-to-teach-harm-reduction/2019/10\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/drug-education-curriculum-moves-beyond-just-say-no-to-teach-harm-reduction/2019/10\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Ed Week, the author explores a new health education curriculum that centers on harm reduction rather than an abstinence approach to drug use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Coming to the new D.A.R.E.: A preliminary test of the officer-taught elementary keepin’ it REAL curriculum\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302022\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302022\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302022\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in the Addicted Behaviors Journal is the first evaluation of the new D.A.R.E. curriculum and shows after the program students had higher social and emotional skills.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Truth and D.A.R.E.: Is D.A.R.E.’s new Keepin’ it REAL curriculum suitable for American nationwide implementation?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in the Drugs, Education, Prevention and Policy Journal explores the effectiveness of D.A.R.E. ‘s new Keepin it REAL curriculum with results showing mixed reviews as an intervention for youth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If \"just say no\" didn't work 30 years ago, can it really work today? Why D.A.R.E's drug education program is back in schools and how it has changed.",
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"subhead": "The controversial D.A.R.E drug prevention program is back in schools -- how has it changed, and is it working?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>D.A.R.E. stands for “drug abuse resistance education” and is a program that has been in schools since the 80s to prevent youth from doing drugs. Schools widely accepted the program all over the country for decades, until scientists found it wasn’t really effective. Fast forward to the present day and D.A.R.E as made a comeback… sort of. Myles investigates how D.A.R.E. has changed its curriculum and other ways that drug education is being taught in schools. Join him in answering the question: How should schools educate teens about drugs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>TEACHERS:\u003c/strong> Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/123?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is D.A.R.E?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D.A.R.E stands for drug abuse resistance education. It brings police officers into classrooms to teach students drug prevention, with the prevailing belief being that any amount of drug use, no matter how small, is harmful to the individual AND to society. D.A.R.E began in the early 80s in LA, but by the 90s it had gone national in nearly 75 percent of all school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was D.A.R.E effective?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the science, not really. The “just say no” to drugs message at best worked in the short term, but wore off within a year or two. At the end of the day, having students say “no” just doesn’t leave a lasting impact on most of them because they’re parroting back a message to an adult. It doesn’t mimic real-life situations where they will need to say no to friends and other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the new D.A.R.E of today a better version of the original?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, D.A.R.E adopted a new school curriculum called “Keepin’ It Real”. Keepin’ It Real was developed at a university by researchers that study and understand drugs and addiction and how that stuff affects the adolescent brain. And it’s different from the old, zero-tolerance D.A.R.E in that it’s not about “just saying no” and instead is more focused on helping students with their decision-making skills. Police officers have been re-trained so it’s more interactive and less based on lectures. And students can have discussions with other students. Studies conducted by the two researchers who created the program show it’s effective at reducing drug use and helping students resist peer pressure. But not everyone in the public health community is convinced the new D.A.R.E is much better than the previous program. One peer-reviewed study came to the conclusion that the evidence is “weak” and that it “may not be suited for nationwide implementation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is “harm reduction”?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harm reduction describes an approach to public health issues such as teen drug abuse. Rather than a zero-tolerance philosophy, harm reduction is focused on helping people make more informed decisions about their own health and reducing the negative health impacts if they DO choose to do the behavior. With harm reduction, how you measure success is not, “Are students doing drugs less?” Instead, it’s how safe are they if they do drugs or are around drugs. For example, knowing how edible cannabis might affect you vs. smoking it. Or how to recognize the symptoms of an overdose and how best to respond to it. When harm reduction is taught well, it’s been proven to prevent death, injury, disease, overdose, and substance misuse. And one thing you WON’T find in harm reduction programs is police officers. There is an inherent conflict of interest in law enforcement talking to students about healthier choices around using illegal substances. And for many students from communities with a history of tense or even abusive relationships with law enforcement, police officers may not be the best messengers for talking honestly about drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why anti-drug campaigns like DARE fail \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2014/9/1/5998571/why-anti-drug-campaigns-like-dare-fail\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.vox.com/2014/9/1/5998571/why-anti-drug-campaigns-like-dare-fail\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2014/9/1/5998571/why-anti-drug-campaigns-like-dare-fail\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Vox investigates why anti-drug campaigns that promote zero tolerance are not effective.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A brief history of DARE, the anti-drug program Jeff Sessions wants to revive\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the Washington Post summarizes the history of the D.A.R.E. Program in American schools up until its modern day curriculum shift.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The New D.A.R.E. Program—This One Works\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-d-a-r-e-program-this-one-works/#\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-d-a-r-e-program-this-one-works/#\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-d-a-r-e-program-this-one-works/#\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from Scientific American focuses on how the new D.A.R.E. curriculum emphasizes decision-making and behavior-changing techniques instead of a no-tolerance approach to drug use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Drug Education Curriculum Moves Beyond ‘Just Say No’ to Teach Harm Reduction\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/drug-education-curriculum-moves-beyond-just-say-no-to-teach-harm-reduction/2019/10\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/drug-education-curriculum-moves-beyond-just-say-no-to-teach-harm-reduction/2019/10\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/drug-education-curriculum-moves-beyond-just-say-no-to-teach-harm-reduction/2019/10\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Ed Week, the author explores a new health education curriculum that centers on harm reduction rather than an abstinence approach to drug use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Coming to the new D.A.R.E.: A preliminary test of the officer-taught elementary keepin’ it REAL curriculum\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302022\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302022\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302022\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in the Addicted Behaviors Journal is the first evaluation of the new D.A.R.E. curriculum and shows after the program students had higher social and emotional skills.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Truth and D.A.R.E.: Is D.A.R.E.’s new Keepin’ it REAL curriculum suitable for American nationwide implementation?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> published in the Drugs, Education, Prevention and Policy Journal explores the effectiveness of D.A.R.E. ‘s new Keepin it REAL curriculum with results showing mixed reviews as an intervention for youth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Inflation Hurts. What Are Potential Solutions?",
"headTitle": "Inflation Hurts. What Are Potential Solutions? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The last time inflation was really high was back in the late 70s and early 80s. At that time, the Federal Reserve decided to raise interest rates a ton–up to 20%. And this did bring inflation under control BUT it caused massive unemployment and led to a big recession. Are there other ways to stop inflation? And can we do anything now to prevent high inflation in the future? Myles explores the possibilities in the second part of \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/3TfQuU4QMGM\">our two-part series\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/119?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services over time. It’s measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics using the Consumer Price Index (CPI)– which looks at the cost of a bunch of different items called a “basket of goods”. In general terms, inflation happens when “there’s too much money chasing not enough goods.” And the Fed tries to keep inflation at around 2% each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How has the U.S. dealt with high inflation in the past? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time inflation was really high was back in the late 70s and early 80s. At that time, Paul Volcker was the chairman of the Federal Reserve– which is like the bank of all banks – it sets monetary policies to help control the flow of money between banks. One of the ways it does that is by setting interest rates. When it comes to borrowing money an interest rate is what the bank charges you to take out a loan. The higher the interest rate, the more money you’ll pay the bank. So back in the late 70s when inflation was really high the Federal Reserve decided to raise interest rates a ton– up to 20%. The thinking was that inflation was really bad because there was too much money floating around, so raising interest rates makes it harder to access money. And this did bring inflation under control BUT it caused unemployment to surge and led to a big recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why does increasing the interest rate control inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally speaking, when interest rates increase, it makes it more expensive for consumers to take out loans to buy things, and it makes it more expensive for businesses to invest in things necessary to run their business. So companies do less business, they lay off workers, people lose their jobs, spending goes down and unemployment increases. Since people are buying less– prices drop and inflation goes down. Economists also say that rising interest rates that much that quickly also sent a strong signal to businesses that the Fed wasn’t going to allow inflation to get out of control. If businesses think that inflation will keep going up, they’re likely to raise their prices in anticipation of keeping up with the higher cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some long-term ways to control inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a variety of long-term ways to control inflation in the future. One is ending our dependence on fossil fuels since they tend to contribute a lot to overall inflation. Green and renewable energy prices are more stable and aren’t dictated by the global oil market which can be very volatile. Other solutions include bringing back more manufacturing to the US to help alleviate some of the supply chain bottlenecks caused by covid shutdowns in factories abroad and reduced shipping schedules. Housing is also a contributor to inflation so adopting policies that allow for more affordable housing can help with inflation in the long run. Breaking up monopolies and mega-corporations could also help control inflation in the long run. When markets are dominated by a few players, it’s easier for businesses to get away with raising prices because they don’t have as many competitors keeping the prices in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SOURCES:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/great-inflation\">The Great Inflation\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This essay from the Federal Reserve history site talks about the Great Inflation that spanned the 1970s. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nplusonemag.com/issue-34/reviews/other-peoples-blood-2/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other People’s Blood (N+1)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from the N+1 literary magazine talked about Paul Volcker, his career and his role in curbing inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/17/powell-says-the-fed-will-not-hesitate-to-keep-raising-rates-until-inflation-comes-down.html\">Powell Says the Fed Will Not Hesitate to Keep Raising Interest Rates Until Inflation Comes Down\u003c/a> (CNBC)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article and video from CNBC discuss the federal reserve’s plan to raise interest rates to curb inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/10/politics/inflation-interest-rates-us-economy-what-matters/index.html\">Inflation Hurts. Raising Interest Rates Does Too\u003c/a> (CNN)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from CNN explains how inflation and rising interest rates both have a negative impact on the economy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/article/164528/deal-inflation-get-off-fossil-fuels\">Best Way to Fight Inflation: Ditch Fossil Fuels \u003c/a>(New Republic)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from The New Republic unpacks the role of fossil fuels in rising inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-corporations-are-reaping-record-profits-with-inflation-on-the-rise\">Why Corporations Are Reaping Record Profits with Inflation on the Rise\u003c/a> (PBS NewsHour):\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This video segment from PBS NewsHour discusses how companies are benefiting from rising inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/561279-competition-will-stop-inflation/\">Competition Will Stop Inflation\u003c/a> (The Hill)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from The Hill talks about how increasing competition among companies will help bring down inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "How can we get prices under control? Myles digs into different ways to fight inflation. This is part two of a two-part video series on inflation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The last time inflation was really high was back in the late 70s and early 80s. At that time, the Federal Reserve decided to raise interest rates a ton–up to 20%. And this did bring inflation under control BUT it caused massive unemployment and led to a big recession. Are there other ways to stop inflation? And can we do anything now to prevent high inflation in the future? Myles explores the possibilities in the second part of \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/3TfQuU4QMGM\">our two-part series\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/119?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services over time. It’s measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics using the Consumer Price Index (CPI)– which looks at the cost of a bunch of different items called a “basket of goods”. In general terms, inflation happens when “there’s too much money chasing not enough goods.” And the Fed tries to keep inflation at around 2% each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How has the U.S. dealt with high inflation in the past? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time inflation was really high was back in the late 70s and early 80s. At that time, Paul Volcker was the chairman of the Federal Reserve– which is like the bank of all banks – it sets monetary policies to help control the flow of money between banks. One of the ways it does that is by setting interest rates. When it comes to borrowing money an interest rate is what the bank charges you to take out a loan. The higher the interest rate, the more money you’ll pay the bank. So back in the late 70s when inflation was really high the Federal Reserve decided to raise interest rates a ton– up to 20%. The thinking was that inflation was really bad because there was too much money floating around, so raising interest rates makes it harder to access money. And this did bring inflation under control BUT it caused unemployment to surge and led to a big recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why does increasing the interest rate control inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally speaking, when interest rates increase, it makes it more expensive for consumers to take out loans to buy things, and it makes it more expensive for businesses to invest in things necessary to run their business. So companies do less business, they lay off workers, people lose their jobs, spending goes down and unemployment increases. Since people are buying less– prices drop and inflation goes down. Economists also say that rising interest rates that much that quickly also sent a strong signal to businesses that the Fed wasn’t going to allow inflation to get out of control. If businesses think that inflation will keep going up, they’re likely to raise their prices in anticipation of keeping up with the higher cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some long-term ways to control inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a variety of long-term ways to control inflation in the future. One is ending our dependence on fossil fuels since they tend to contribute a lot to overall inflation. Green and renewable energy prices are more stable and aren’t dictated by the global oil market which can be very volatile. Other solutions include bringing back more manufacturing to the US to help alleviate some of the supply chain bottlenecks caused by covid shutdowns in factories abroad and reduced shipping schedules. Housing is also a contributor to inflation so adopting policies that allow for more affordable housing can help with inflation in the long run. Breaking up monopolies and mega-corporations could also help control inflation in the long run. When markets are dominated by a few players, it’s easier for businesses to get away with raising prices because they don’t have as many competitors keeping the prices in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SOURCES:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/great-inflation\">The Great Inflation\u003c/a> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This essay from the Federal Reserve history site talks about the Great Inflation that spanned the 1970s. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nplusonemag.com/issue-34/reviews/other-peoples-blood-2/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other People’s Blood (N+1)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from the N+1 literary magazine talked about Paul Volcker, his career and his role in curbing inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/17/powell-says-the-fed-will-not-hesitate-to-keep-raising-rates-until-inflation-comes-down.html\">Powell Says the Fed Will Not Hesitate to Keep Raising Interest Rates Until Inflation Comes Down\u003c/a> (CNBC)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article and video from CNBC discuss the federal reserve’s plan to raise interest rates to curb inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/10/politics/inflation-interest-rates-us-economy-what-matters/index.html\">Inflation Hurts. Raising Interest Rates Does Too\u003c/a> (CNN)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from CNN explains how inflation and rising interest rates both have a negative impact on the economy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/article/164528/deal-inflation-get-off-fossil-fuels\">Best Way to Fight Inflation: Ditch Fossil Fuels \u003c/a>(New Republic)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from The New Republic unpacks the role of fossil fuels in rising inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-corporations-are-reaping-record-profits-with-inflation-on-the-rise\">Why Corporations Are Reaping Record Profits with Inflation on the Rise\u003c/a> (PBS NewsHour):\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This video segment from PBS NewsHour discusses how companies are benefiting from rising inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/561279-competition-will-stop-inflation/\">Competition Will Stop Inflation\u003c/a> (The Hill)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article from The Hill talks about how increasing competition among companies will help bring down inflation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What Is Inflation and What Causes It?",
"headTitle": "What Is Inflation and What Causes It? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services over time. It becomes a problem when wages don’t keep up with the rising cost of things. In this video, Myles Bess investigates the current causes of inflation and how it impacts our lives in part 1 of this two-part series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/118?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the increase in the cost of goods & services over time. It’s measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics using the Consumer Price Index (CPI)– which looks at the cost of a bunch of different items called a “basket of goods” They release monthly reports, so when people say inflation is at 8% this month, what they usually mean is that stuff on average costs about 8% more than it did the same time the previous year. The Federal Reserve sets policies to try to keep it around 2%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is inflation bad? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, inflation was around 8% and it becomes a problem when wages don’t keep up with the rising cost of things. According to a UPenn analysis, in 2021 wages for the lowest-paid workers did go up by about 6.5%. But the increase in those earnings didn’t keep up with inflation in 2021. Even middle-income earners’ wages had a hard time keeping up with rising costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s causing inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s lots of debate about what’s causing the current inflation. But in general, economists tend to point to agree on a couple of things. The first is supply chain issues from shutdowns during the pandemic. World wide a lot of factories shut down, materials stopped being mined, and shipping companies reduced their schedules. This created bottlenecks making it harder for us to get stuff we wanted to buy. Meanwhile, a lot of us were stuck at home and started ordering stuff online so demand for things rose. Supply was low and demand was high so you get inflation. Our dependence on fossil fuels is another big driver of the inflation we are seeing. The U.S. is still very dependent on fossil fuels which are at the mercy of the volatile global oil market and influenced by things like geopolitics, financial downturns, and war. Currently, oil prices are super high, partly because of the war in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Did the Covid stimulus cause inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s lots of debate among economists about this. But the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco did an analysis showing that both Trump and Biden’s stimulus plan could account for about 3 percentage points of the inflation we are seeing, but there’s a large margin of uncertainty around that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is corporate greed responsible for inflation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In certain markets– there are just a few companies that control a large portion of the market– which makes it easier for them to raise their prices because they have less competition. And now, they can use the excuse that inflation is making it more expensive for them to run their business, so they have to increase their prices. But there are some reports of some big companies raising their prices and reporting record profits– suggesting that they are raising their prices more than they really need to, and that contributes to inflation as well. Moral of the story: lots of different things are impacting inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SOURCES\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s Causing Inflation (NBC News)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/whats-causing-inflation-economists-point-fingers-different-culprits-rcna16156\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/whats-causing-inflation-economists-point-fingers-different-culprits-rcna16156\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/whats-causing-inflation-economists-point-fingers-different-culprits-rcna16156\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from NBC News by Phil McCausland, various economists weigh in on the various causes of the current rise of inflation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Inflation Hits Just Keep Coming, Raising Stakes for the Fed\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-oil-gas-prices-inflation-federal-reserve-11647268257\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-oil-gas-prices-inflation-federal-reserve-11647268257\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This Wall Street Journal \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-oil-gas-prices-inflation-federal-reserve-11647268257\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Nick Timiraos explores how the war in Ukraine impacts the US economy and how the federal reserve is responding.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Did Wages Keep Up with Inflation in 2021? (UPenn)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/2/21/did-wages-keep-up-with-inflation-in-2021\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/2/21/did-wages-keep-up-with-inflation-in-2021\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/2/21/did-wages-keep-up-with-inflation-in-2021\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the Wharton Business School of UPenn examines how wage earnings compare to the rise of inflation in 2021.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Revealed Top US Companies Raising Prices Even as Prices Surge (The Guardian)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Tom Perkins in the Guardian analyzes how corporations have reported increased profits despite rising inflation because they have been passing on costs to consumers by raising prices on their goods and services.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why Is US Inflation Higher Than In Other Countries (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2022/march/why-is-us-inflation-higher-than-in-other-countries/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2022/march/why-is-us-inflation-higher-than-in-other-countries/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2022/march/why-is-us-inflation-higher-than-in-other-countries/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">analysis \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco compares inflation rates between various countries and reveals that the US has increasingly outpaced inflation of other developed countries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why Oil Prices Matter to Global Economy Expert Explains (World Economic Forum)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/why-oil-prices-matter-to-global-economy-expert-explains/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/why-oil-prices-matter-to-global-economy-expert-explains/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/why-oil-prices-matter-to-global-economy-expert-explains/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from the World Economic Forum by Amy White, an expert in the oil and gas industry explains how oil impacts global economies and inflation rates.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">OTHER SOURCES:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Drives Crude Oil Prices (EIA)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/finance/markets/crudeoil/spot_prices.php#:~:text=The%20volatility%20of%20oil%20prices,fixed%20in%20the%20near%2Dterm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.eia.gov/finance/markets/crudeoil/spot_prices.php#:~:text=The%20volatility%20of%20oil%20prices,fixed%20in%20the%20near%2Dterm\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How High is Inflation and What Causes It? What to Know\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-definition-cause-what-is-it-11644353564\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-definition-cause-what-is-it-11644353564\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How I (and US Policy Makers) Got Inflation Wrong (Vox)\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/22996474/inflation-federal-reserve-nairu-ngdp-powell\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.vox.com/22996474/inflation-federal-reserve-nairu-ngdp-powell\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Socialist Primer on Monetary Policy and Inflation (Jacobin)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jacobin.com/2021/09/socialist-primer-monetary-policy-inflation-federal-reserve-volcker-shock-class-tim-barker-interview\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://jacobin.com/2021/09/socialist-primer-monetary-policy-inflation-federal-reserve-volcker-shock-class-tim-barker-interview\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Myles digs into the current causes of inflation and how it impacts our lives in the first of this two-part video series.",
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"subhead": "It seems like things are more expensive these days! Myles digs into the current causes of inflation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services over time. It becomes a problem when wages don’t keep up with the rising cost of things. In this video, Myles Bess investigates the current causes of inflation and how it impacts our lives in part 1 of this two-part series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/118?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the increase in the cost of goods & services over time. It’s measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics using the Consumer Price Index (CPI)– which looks at the cost of a bunch of different items called a “basket of goods” They release monthly reports, so when people say inflation is at 8% this month, what they usually mean is that stuff on average costs about 8% more than it did the same time the previous year. The Federal Reserve sets policies to try to keep it around 2%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is inflation bad? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 2022, inflation was around 8% and it becomes a problem when wages don’t keep up with the rising cost of things. According to a UPenn analysis, in 2021 wages for the lowest-paid workers did go up by about 6.5%. But the increase in those earnings didn’t keep up with inflation in 2021. Even middle-income earners’ wages had a hard time keeping up with rising costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s causing inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s lots of debate about what’s causing the current inflation. But in general, economists tend to point to agree on a couple of things. The first is supply chain issues from shutdowns during the pandemic. World wide a lot of factories shut down, materials stopped being mined, and shipping companies reduced their schedules. This created bottlenecks making it harder for us to get stuff we wanted to buy. Meanwhile, a lot of us were stuck at home and started ordering stuff online so demand for things rose. Supply was low and demand was high so you get inflation. Our dependence on fossil fuels is another big driver of the inflation we are seeing. The U.S. is still very dependent on fossil fuels which are at the mercy of the volatile global oil market and influenced by things like geopolitics, financial downturns, and war. Currently, oil prices are super high, partly because of the war in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Did the Covid stimulus cause inflation? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s lots of debate among economists about this. But the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco did an analysis showing that both Trump and Biden’s stimulus plan could account for about 3 percentage points of the inflation we are seeing, but there’s a large margin of uncertainty around that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is corporate greed responsible for inflation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In certain markets– there are just a few companies that control a large portion of the market– which makes it easier for them to raise their prices because they have less competition. And now, they can use the excuse that inflation is making it more expensive for them to run their business, so they have to increase their prices. But there are some reports of some big companies raising their prices and reporting record profits– suggesting that they are raising their prices more than they really need to, and that contributes to inflation as well. Moral of the story: lots of different things are impacting inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SOURCES\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s Causing Inflation (NBC News)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/whats-causing-inflation-economists-point-fingers-different-culprits-rcna16156\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/whats-causing-inflation-economists-point-fingers-different-culprits-rcna16156\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/whats-causing-inflation-economists-point-fingers-different-culprits-rcna16156\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from NBC News by Phil McCausland, various economists weigh in on the various causes of the current rise of inflation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Inflation Hits Just Keep Coming, Raising Stakes for the Fed\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-oil-gas-prices-inflation-federal-reserve-11647268257\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-oil-gas-prices-inflation-federal-reserve-11647268257\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This Wall Street Journal \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraine-war-oil-gas-prices-inflation-federal-reserve-11647268257\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Nick Timiraos explores how the war in Ukraine impacts the US economy and how the federal reserve is responding.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Did Wages Keep Up with Inflation in 2021? (UPenn)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/2/21/did-wages-keep-up-with-inflation-in-2021\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/2/21/did-wages-keep-up-with-inflation-in-2021\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/2/21/did-wages-keep-up-with-inflation-in-2021\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the Wharton Business School of UPenn examines how wage earnings compare to the rise of inflation in 2021.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Revealed Top US Companies Raising Prices Even as Prices Surge (The Guardian)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/apr/27/inflation-corporate-america-increased-prices-profits\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Tom Perkins in the Guardian analyzes how corporations have reported increased profits despite rising inflation because they have been passing on costs to consumers by raising prices on their goods and services.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why Is US Inflation Higher Than In Other Countries (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2022/march/why-is-us-inflation-higher-than-in-other-countries/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2022/march/why-is-us-inflation-higher-than-in-other-countries/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2022/march/why-is-us-inflation-higher-than-in-other-countries/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">analysis \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco compares inflation rates between various countries and reveals that the US has increasingly outpaced inflation of other developed countries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why Oil Prices Matter to Global Economy Expert Explains (World Economic Forum)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/why-oil-prices-matter-to-global-economy-expert-explains/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/why-oil-prices-matter-to-global-economy-expert-explains/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/why-oil-prices-matter-to-global-economy-expert-explains/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">from the World Economic Forum by Amy White, an expert in the oil and gas industry explains how oil impacts global economies and inflation rates.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">OTHER SOURCES:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Drives Crude Oil Prices (EIA)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/finance/markets/crudeoil/spot_prices.php#:~:text=The%20volatility%20of%20oil%20prices,fixed%20in%20the%20near%2Dterm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.eia.gov/finance/markets/crudeoil/spot_prices.php#:~:text=The%20volatility%20of%20oil%20prices,fixed%20in%20the%20near%2Dterm\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How High is Inflation and What Causes It? What to Know\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-definition-cause-what-is-it-11644353564\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.wsj.com/articles/inflation-definition-cause-what-is-it-11644353564\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How I (and US Policy Makers) Got Inflation Wrong (Vox)\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/22996474/inflation-federal-reserve-nairu-ngdp-powell\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.vox.com/22996474/inflation-federal-reserve-nairu-ngdp-powell\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Socialist Primer on Monetary Policy and Inflation (Jacobin)\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jacobin.com/2021/09/socialist-primer-monetary-policy-inflation-federal-reserve-volcker-shock-class-tim-barker-interview\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://jacobin.com/2021/09/socialist-primer-monetary-policy-inflation-federal-reserve-volcker-shock-class-tim-barker-interview\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Pronouns are small but controversial words, especially regarding gender identity. Myles explores the history of gender pronouns and asks: why do they matter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video was co-produced with\u003ca href=\"https://www.peerhealthexchange.org/\"> Peer Health Exchange\u003c/a>, a non-profit whose mission is to empower young people with the knowledge, skills, and resources to make healthy decisions. They recently launched \u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">\u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.selfsea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.selfsea.org/\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" data-remove-tab-index=\"true\">selfsea\u003c/a>\u003c/b>, a peer-to-peer platform with free resources, support, and stories from young people who’ve been there. selfsea is for young people aged 13-18 designed as a safe space to discuss and share knowledge on identity, mental health, and sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Bring \u003ci>Above the Noise\u003c/i> into your middle or high school classroom with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qMG4Lq2Q7lkIeYLSR6DNS0u9tcW8RvHqXIrwp5n8IHQ/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">free lesson plans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I9mSwQtgW2WKjNT_s8pARQvQiKI3i7H89CUgIPnFXTI/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing guide\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P9i4CFEPe1ai-l6cIP8NHwmgccxSWjy2rDww74V2ZM4/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glossary of terms\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dJg-Kuw21Korc0pQW98UuDwGEhWRy0D6LtZXLFFTGqo/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcripts\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are pronouns in the English language? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are these little words we use to replace the words for people’s names, places, or things. Which are NOUNS. Gender pronouns are the terms people choose to refer to themselves that reflect their gender identity. The most commonly used these days are he/him, she/her, or gender-neutral pronouns such as they/them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do pronouns relate to gender identity? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to pronouns to identify a person, we get into identity and that’s where things get complex – and, often political. The big thing personal pronouns often signal is someone’s gender identity. According to scientists, gender isn’t a rigid he/she binary rooted in the sex a person was assigned at birth. Biology and culture BOTH influence our identity, which can be fluid. That means it’s not carved in stone and can change – and it can also be a spectrum. And gender’s not something anyone can ascribe to you– it’s each person’s internal sense of how they personally identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is transgender? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people don’t always identify with the sex they were assigned at birth, or the gender pronouns others use to describe them. Often these folks identify themselves as transgender. They may have been assigned female or male but may not identify with that label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the opposition to gender-neutral pronouns all about? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a LOT of resistance to using gender-neutral pronouns. In fact, according to Pew Research, almost half of all Americans say they feel “somewhat or very uncomfortable” using they/them pronouns. And the level of discomfort has a lot to do with age, and where you fall on the political spectrum. A common excuse you may see out there is that using “they/them” to describe individual people is “poor grammar.” This isn’t technically correct – people use they/them to describe singular people all the time. As in, “Who parked their car here? They did a terrible job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the history of gender-neutral pronouns? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a long history of people inventing gender-neutral pronouns. One linguist found more than 250 proposed gender-neutral pronouns going back the last few centuries. Examples include “hiser” (1850), “thon” (1858). “ze” (1888) and “hir” (1930) and “ve” (1970). And in 1850, the British Parliament passed a law that the pronoun “He” must be used to describe people of ALL genders. Most of these older language norms have fallen into disuse – but it’s important to note that language is always evolving to reflect new social norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is it important to respect which pronouns people want to use?\u003c/strong> Two words: safety and respect. Pronouns signal to the world our gender identity, and part of respecting each other’s humanity is honoring how we all identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq\">A Guide To Identity Terms\u003c/a>” (NPR, 2021)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/beyond-he-she-1-4-lgbtq-youths-use-nonbinary-pronouns-n1235204\">Beyond He and She: 1 in 4 LGBTQ youths use nonbinary pronouns, survey finds\u003c/a>” (NBC News, 2020)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/09/05/gender-neutral-pronouns/\">About one-in-five U.S. adults know someone who goes by a gender-neutral pronoun\u003c/a>” (Pew Research Center, 2019)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2018/09/05/the-long-long-history-and-bright-future-genderless-they/LhGIzOTm6PPKMKws8cE2SN/story.htm\">The long, long history – and bright future – of the genderless ‘they\u003c/a>’” (Boston Globe, 2018)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/trans-talk/pronouns-have-always-been-political-a32c753a1539\">Pronouns have always been political\u003c/a>” (Medium, 2016)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888336/taking-cues-from-texas-and-florida-more-states-propose-bills-targeting-queer-and-trans-youth\">Taking Cues from Texas and Florida, More States Propose Bills Targeting Queer and Trans Youth\u003c/a>” (KQED, 2022)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315115702-23/pronouns-possibilities-lal-zimman\">Pronouns and Possibilities: Transgender Language Activism and Reform\u003c/a>” (Language and Social Justice in Practice, 2018) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pronouns are small but controversial words, especially regarding gender identity. Myles explores the history of gender pronouns and asks: why do they matter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This video was co-produced with\u003ca href=\"https://www.peerhealthexchange.org/\"> Peer Health Exchange\u003c/a>, a non-profit whose mission is to empower young people with the knowledge, skills, and resources to make healthy decisions. They recently launched \u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">\u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.selfsea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.selfsea.org/\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" data-remove-tab-index=\"true\">selfsea\u003c/a>\u003c/b>, a peer-to-peer platform with free resources, support, and stories from young people who’ve been there. selfsea is for young people aged 13-18 designed as a safe space to discuss and share knowledge on identity, mental health, and sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Bring \u003ci>Above the Noise\u003c/i> into your middle or high school classroom with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qMG4Lq2Q7lkIeYLSR6DNS0u9tcW8RvHqXIrwp5n8IHQ/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">free lesson plans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I9mSwQtgW2WKjNT_s8pARQvQiKI3i7H89CUgIPnFXTI/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing guide\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P9i4CFEPe1ai-l6cIP8NHwmgccxSWjy2rDww74V2ZM4/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glossary of terms\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dJg-Kuw21Korc0pQW98UuDwGEhWRy0D6LtZXLFFTGqo/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcripts\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are pronouns in the English language? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are these little words we use to replace the words for people’s names, places, or things. Which are NOUNS. Gender pronouns are the terms people choose to refer to themselves that reflect their gender identity. The most commonly used these days are he/him, she/her, or gender-neutral pronouns such as they/them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do pronouns relate to gender identity? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to pronouns to identify a person, we get into identity and that’s where things get complex – and, often political. The big thing personal pronouns often signal is someone’s gender identity. According to scientists, gender isn’t a rigid he/she binary rooted in the sex a person was assigned at birth. Biology and culture BOTH influence our identity, which can be fluid. That means it’s not carved in stone and can change – and it can also be a spectrum. And gender’s not something anyone can ascribe to you– it’s each person’s internal sense of how they personally identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is transgender? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people don’t always identify with the sex they were assigned at birth, or the gender pronouns others use to describe them. Often these folks identify themselves as transgender. They may have been assigned female or male but may not identify with that label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the opposition to gender-neutral pronouns all about? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a LOT of resistance to using gender-neutral pronouns. In fact, according to Pew Research, almost half of all Americans say they feel “somewhat or very uncomfortable” using they/them pronouns. And the level of discomfort has a lot to do with age, and where you fall on the political spectrum. A common excuse you may see out there is that using “they/them” to describe individual people is “poor grammar.” This isn’t technically correct – people use they/them to describe singular people all the time. As in, “Who parked their car here? They did a terrible job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the history of gender-neutral pronouns? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a long history of people inventing gender-neutral pronouns. One linguist found more than 250 proposed gender-neutral pronouns going back the last few centuries. Examples include “hiser” (1850), “thon” (1858). “ze” (1888) and “hir” (1930) and “ve” (1970). And in 1850, the British Parliament passed a law that the pronoun “He” must be used to describe people of ALL genders. Most of these older language norms have fallen into disuse – but it’s important to note that language is always evolving to reflect new social norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is it important to respect which pronouns people want to use?\u003c/strong> Two words: safety and respect. Pronouns signal to the world our gender identity, and part of respecting each other’s humanity is honoring how we all identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq\">A Guide To Identity Terms\u003c/a>” (NPR, 2021)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/beyond-he-she-1-4-lgbtq-youths-use-nonbinary-pronouns-n1235204\">Beyond He and She: 1 in 4 LGBTQ youths use nonbinary pronouns, survey finds\u003c/a>” (NBC News, 2020)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/09/05/gender-neutral-pronouns/\">About one-in-five U.S. adults know someone who goes by a gender-neutral pronoun\u003c/a>” (Pew Research Center, 2019)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2018/09/05/the-long-long-history-and-bright-future-genderless-they/LhGIzOTm6PPKMKws8cE2SN/story.htm\">The long, long history – and bright future – of the genderless ‘they\u003c/a>’” (Boston Globe, 2018)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/trans-talk/pronouns-have-always-been-political-a32c753a1539\">Pronouns have always been political\u003c/a>” (Medium, 2016)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888336/taking-cues-from-texas-and-florida-more-states-propose-bills-targeting-queer-and-trans-youth\">Taking Cues from Texas and Florida, More States Propose Bills Targeting Queer and Trans Youth\u003c/a>” (KQED, 2022)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003ca href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315115702-23/pronouns-possibilities-lal-zimman\">Pronouns and Possibilities: Transgender Language Activism and Reform\u003c/a>” (Language and Social Justice in Practice, 2018) \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Land Back: The Indigenous Fight to Reclaim Stolen Lands",
"headTitle": "Land Back: The Indigenous Fight to Reclaim Stolen Lands | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Millenia prior to contact with Colonizers, Indigenous Peoples throughout what is now North America and other parts of the globe were the sovereign caretakers of the land; each tribal nation with their own sustainable practices for obtaining natural resources, and mindful preventative measures that limited the chance of environmental catastrophes. However, with the onset of colonization, Indigenous Peoples were forcibly removed from the picture, and racist policies were enacted to prevent tribal nations from carrying out such traditional practices. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/land-back-indigenous-fight-to-reclaim-lands/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check out the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">Reparations in California Project\u003c/a> to understand the importance of Indigenous land reclamation as a form of reparations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But some Indigenous communities are reclaiming their power by continuing to demonstrate that humans can share a reciprocal relationship with nature that minimizes negative impacts on the environment. Current \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ipbes.net/global-assessment\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">areas managed by Indigenous communities are as equally healthy as some protected areas\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, like our National Parks. With a consistent track record of meeting the needs of the land, why isn’t the United States giving the land back to Indigenous Peoples to manage? And what are Indigenous communities doing to not only combat climate change but reclaim stolen land?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Were Indigenous Peoples Removed From Their Ancestral Homelands?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historically, Indigenous People are viewed as an inconvenience to Western expansion, and the creation of National Parks isn’t an exception to this narrative. Colonizers forcibly removed Native Americans from their ancestral homelands utilizing a variety of tactics: starving tribes by destroying their food sources, tricking tribal leaders into signing treaties, and murdering entire Indigenous communities. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/15/new-england-once-hunted-and-humans-for-money-were-descendents-of-the-survivors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Which, was perfectly legal and people were often monetarily compensated for doing this dirty work.)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Between the 1600s through the early 1900s the government paid people the equivalent of $12,000 in today’s currency per scalp of each Indigenous man and HALF of that for each Indigenous woman. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Is The Land Back Movement? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Indigenous-led environmental, cultural and political movement that seeks to place Indigenous land back in Indigenous hands. The concept for this movement began when Colonizers first came into contact with Indigenous tribes over 500 years ago, and tribes fiercely defended their sovereign right over their ancestral territories. However, Land Back as a movement with the power to mobilize not only different Indigenous communities, but non-Indigenous allies in the fight against environmental injustice, was catapulted into broader mainstream consciousness in recent years. #LandBack began trending on social media during the height of the No Dakota Access Pipeline (#NODAPL) protests on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation between 2016 and 2017, which helped highlight the struggles Indigenous communities were facing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following the protests at Mt. Rushmore in July of 2020, the Indigenous organization \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDN Collective\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> created a formal Land Back campaign that launched later that same year. Although acquiring sovereignty over stolen lands is a key goal, Land Back seeks to heal and reclaim other things that are connected to land reclamation: languages and ceremonies, governmental sovereignty, food, and housing security; equitable access to healthcare and education. All part of a larger goal to dismantle white supremacy and uplift BIPOC groups.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Are The Key Differences Between Colonial and Indigenous Land Management?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two big differences between the Indigenous and Colonizer relationship with nature. Historically, the general vibe of Colonizer culture as modeled in the Bible is that nature is something to control and dominate: “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth. (Genesis, 1:26-28)” In contrast, many Indigenous tribes believe in a cosmological relationship with all things and value reciprocity between themselves and the land. Human beings are viewed as equal to nature, not above it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Can Indigenous Land Stewardship Mitigate Climate Change?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research shows that lands managed by Indigenous communities in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brazil, Australia, and Canada \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are equally and sometimes even MORE biodiverse than special conservation lands managed by the governments. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.arcadia.com/indigenous-climate-activists-to-know/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Environmental Network and Oil Change International\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> discovered that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/protest/indigenous-resistance-has-cut-u-s-and-canadas-annual-emissions/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous-led actions against fossil fuel projects in the US and Canada have prevented or delayed a quarter of annual carbon dioxide emissions from both countries.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Examples of Indigenous Land Reclamation \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Esselen tribe purchased\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/28/northern-california-esselen-tribe-regains-land-250-years\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1,200 acres in Big Sur, California\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">after 250 years\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to be used for educational, cultural, and conservation purposes. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/26/us/california-redwoods-native-american-conservation.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In January of this year, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the group Save the Redwoods League, purchased 523 acres of forest in Mendocino County and then transferred ownership of the property to the Intertribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council, which consists of a group of 10 Native tribes who will serve as the protectors of the land in \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">partnership \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with the League.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These success stories demonstrate that adopting Indigenous land stewardship practices and returning land back to Indigenous people is not only beneficial to all, but possible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SOURCES:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Landback\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://landback.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://landback.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NDN Collective: LandBack\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/ndn-collective-landback-campaign-launching-on-indigenous-peoples-day-2020/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://ndncollective.org/ndn-collective-landback-campaign-launching-on-indigenous-peoples-day-2020/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous Climate Action\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indigenousclimateaction.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.indigenousclimateaction.com/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Stop Line 3\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stopline3.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.stopline3.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Seven Indigenous Climate Activists You Should Know About\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.arcadia.com/indigenous-climate-activists-to-know/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://blog.arcadia.com/indigenous-climate-activists-to-know/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>International Indigenous Youth Council\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://indigenousyouth.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://indigenousyouth.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous Environmental Network\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ienearth.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.ienearth.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Return the National Parks to the Tribes\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/05/return-the-national-parks-to-the-tribes/618395/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/05/return-the-national-parks-to-the-tribes/618395/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>National Parks Should Be Controlled By Indigenous Tribes, One Writer Argues\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/15/987787685/national-parks-should-be-controlled-by-indigenous-tribes-one-writer-argues\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.npr.org/2021/04/15/987787685/national-parks-should-be-controlled-by-indigenous-tribes-one-writer-argues\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This Land Is Their Land\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/articles/2742-this-land-is-their-land\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.npca.org/articles/2742-this-land-is-their-land\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Should Native Americans control national Parks? Examining an argument for reparations.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/should-native-americans-control-national-parks-examining-an-argument-for-reparations\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/should-native-americans-control-national-parks-examining-an-argument-for-reparations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ethnic Cleansing and America’s Creation of National Parks\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1267&context=plrlr\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1267&context=plrlr\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>National Parks are beautiful, but the way they were created isn’t.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://timeline.com/national-parks-native-americans-56b0dad62c9d\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://timeline.com/national-parks-native-americans-56b0dad62c9d\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>There’s A Global Plan to Conserve Nature. Indigenous People Could Lead the Way.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/climate/nature-conservation-30-percent.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/climate/nature-conservation-30-percent.html\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why Protecting Indigenous Communities Can Also Help Save the Earth\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/climate-academy/2020/oct/12/indigenous-communities-protect-biodiversity-curb-climate-crisis\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.theguardian.com/climate-academy/2020/oct/12/indigenous-communities-protect-biodiversity-curb-climate-crisis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Don’t Downplay the Role of Indigenous People\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-downplay-the-role-of-indigenous-people-in-molding-the-ecological-landscape/#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20Native%20Americans%20burned%20the,seal%20it%20with%20sticky%20resin\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-downplay-the-role-of-indigenous-people-in-molding-the-ecological-landscape/#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20Native%20Americans%20burned%20the,seal%20it%20with%20sticky%20resin\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Study: Indigenous resistance has staved off 25% of U.S. and Canada’s annual emissions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/protest/indigenous-resistance-has-cut-u-s-and-canadas-annual-emissions/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://grist.org/protest/indigenous-resistance-has-cut-u-s-and-canadas-annual-emissions/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.iisd.org/articles/indigenous-protected-areas-way-meet-human-and-environmental-challenges\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.iisd.org/articles/indigenous-protected-areas-way-meet-human-and-environmental-challenges\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Redwood Forest in California is Returned to Native Tribes\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/26/us/california-redwoods-native-american-conservation.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/26/us/california-redwoods-native-american-conservation.html\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Inigenous Peoples Defend the Earth’s Biodiversity – But They’re in Danger\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/can-indigenous-land-stewardship-protect-biodiversity-\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/can-indigenous-land-stewardship-protect-biodiversity-\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Can Traditional Indigenous Knowledge Teach Us About Changing Our Approach to Human Activity and Environmental Stewardship in Order to Reduce the Severity of Climate Change?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328780899_What_Can_Traditional_Indigenous_Knowledge_Teach_Us_About_Changing_Our_Approach_to_Human_Activity_and_Environmental_Stewardship_in_Order_to_Reduce_the_Severity_of_Climate_Change\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328780899_What_Can_Traditional_Indigenous_Knowledge_Teach_Us_About_Changing_Our_Approach_to_Human_Activity_and_Environmental_Stewardship_in_Order_to_Reduce_the_Severity_of_Climate_Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Perspective: Indigenous land stewardship holds solutions for the future of the Amazon\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.moore.org/article-detail?newsUrlName=perspective-indigenous-land-stewardship-holds-solutions-for-the-future-of-the-amazon\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.moore.org/article-detail?newsUrlName=perspective-indigenous-land-stewardship-holds-solutions-for-the-future-of-the-amazon\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous experiences in the U.S. with climate change and environmental stewardship in the Anthropocene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46584\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46584\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Vertebrate biodiversity on indigenous-managed lands in Australia, Brazil, and Canada equals that in protected areas\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Forest Gardens Show How Native Land Stewardship Can Outdo Nature\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/forest-gardens-show-how-native-land-stewardship-can-outdo-nature\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/forest-gardens-show-how-native-land-stewardship-can-outdo-nature\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Protect indigenous people’s land rights and the whole world will benefit, UN forum declares\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/pt/desa/protect-indigenous-people%E2%80%99s-land-rights-and-whole-world-will-benefit-un-forum\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.un.org/pt/desa/protect-indigenous-people%E2%80%99s-land-rights-and-whole-world-will-benefit-un-forum\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous people are the world’s biggest conservationists, but they rarely get credit for it\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/22518592/indigenous-people-conserve-nature-icca\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.vox.com/22518592/indigenous-people-conserve-nature-icca\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Brief History of the National Park Service \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL4jXLj4N-Y\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL4jXLj4N-Y\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Gov. Gavin Newsom floats $100M plan for tribes to buy land\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/state/gov-gavin-newsom-floats-100m-plan-for-tribes-to-buy-land/article_d3806a24-a6fb-11ec-a2ac-533da6f3fa07.html#:~:text=Gavin%20Newsom%20on%20Friday%20proposed,waters%20are%20preserved%20by%202030\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.smdailyjournal.com/news/state/gov-gavin-newsom-floats-100m-plan-for-tribes-to-buy-land/article_d3806a24-a6fb-11ec-a2ac-533da6f3fa07.html#:~:text=Gavin%20Newsom%20on%20Friday%20proposed,waters%20are%20preserved%20by%202030\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Indigenous communities across the globe are experts at managing and protecting land. Is it time the U.S. finally returned STOLEN lands back to them?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Millenia prior to contact with Colonizers, Indigenous Peoples throughout what is now North America and other parts of the globe were the sovereign caretakers of the land; each tribal nation with their own sustainable practices for obtaining natural resources, and mindful preventative measures that limited the chance of environmental catastrophes. However, with the onset of colonization, Indigenous Peoples were forcibly removed from the picture, and racist policies were enacted to prevent tribal nations from carrying out such traditional practices. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/land-back-indigenous-fight-to-reclaim-lands/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check out the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">Reparations in California Project\u003c/a> to understand the importance of Indigenous land reclamation as a form of reparations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But some Indigenous communities are reclaiming their power by continuing to demonstrate that humans can share a reciprocal relationship with nature that minimizes negative impacts on the environment. Current \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ipbes.net/global-assessment\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">areas managed by Indigenous communities are as equally healthy as some protected areas\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, like our National Parks. With a consistent track record of meeting the needs of the land, why isn’t the United States giving the land back to Indigenous Peoples to manage? And what are Indigenous communities doing to not only combat climate change but reclaim stolen land?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Were Indigenous Peoples Removed From Their Ancestral Homelands?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historically, Indigenous People are viewed as an inconvenience to Western expansion, and the creation of National Parks isn’t an exception to this narrative. Colonizers forcibly removed Native Americans from their ancestral homelands utilizing a variety of tactics: starving tribes by destroying their food sources, tricking tribal leaders into signing treaties, and murdering entire Indigenous communities. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/15/new-england-once-hunted-and-humans-for-money-were-descendents-of-the-survivors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Which, was perfectly legal and people were often monetarily compensated for doing this dirty work.)\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Between the 1600s through the early 1900s the government paid people the equivalent of $12,000 in today’s currency per scalp of each Indigenous man and HALF of that for each Indigenous woman. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Is The Land Back Movement? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Indigenous-led environmental, cultural and political movement that seeks to place Indigenous land back in Indigenous hands. The concept for this movement began when Colonizers first came into contact with Indigenous tribes over 500 years ago, and tribes fiercely defended their sovereign right over their ancestral territories. However, Land Back as a movement with the power to mobilize not only different Indigenous communities, but non-Indigenous allies in the fight against environmental injustice, was catapulted into broader mainstream consciousness in recent years. #LandBack began trending on social media during the height of the No Dakota Access Pipeline (#NODAPL) protests on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation between 2016 and 2017, which helped highlight the struggles Indigenous communities were facing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following the protests at Mt. Rushmore in July of 2020, the Indigenous organization \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NDN Collective\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> created a formal Land Back campaign that launched later that same year. Although acquiring sovereignty over stolen lands is a key goal, Land Back seeks to heal and reclaim other things that are connected to land reclamation: languages and ceremonies, governmental sovereignty, food, and housing security; equitable access to healthcare and education. All part of a larger goal to dismantle white supremacy and uplift BIPOC groups.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Are The Key Differences Between Colonial and Indigenous Land Management?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two big differences between the Indigenous and Colonizer relationship with nature. Historically, the general vibe of Colonizer culture as modeled in the Bible is that nature is something to control and dominate: “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth. (Genesis, 1:26-28)” In contrast, many Indigenous tribes believe in a cosmological relationship with all things and value reciprocity between themselves and the land. Human beings are viewed as equal to nature, not above it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Can Indigenous Land Stewardship Mitigate Climate Change?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research shows that lands managed by Indigenous communities in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brazil, Australia, and Canada \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are equally and sometimes even MORE biodiverse than special conservation lands managed by the governments. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.arcadia.com/indigenous-climate-activists-to-know/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Environmental Network and Oil Change International\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> discovered that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/protest/indigenous-resistance-has-cut-u-s-and-canadas-annual-emissions/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous-led actions against fossil fuel projects in the US and Canada have prevented or delayed a quarter of annual carbon dioxide emissions from both countries.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Examples of Indigenous Land Reclamation \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Esselen tribe purchased\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/28/northern-california-esselen-tribe-regains-land-250-years\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1,200 acres in Big Sur, California\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">after 250 years\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to be used for educational, cultural, and conservation purposes. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/26/us/california-redwoods-native-american-conservation.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In January of this year, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the group Save the Redwoods League, purchased 523 acres of forest in Mendocino County and then transferred ownership of the property to the Intertribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council, which consists of a group of 10 Native tribes who will serve as the protectors of the land in \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">partnership \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with the League.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These success stories demonstrate that adopting Indigenous land stewardship practices and returning land back to Indigenous people is not only beneficial to all, but possible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SOURCES:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Landback\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://landback.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://landback.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NDN Collective: LandBack\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ndncollective.org/ndn-collective-landback-campaign-launching-on-indigenous-peoples-day-2020/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://ndncollective.org/ndn-collective-landback-campaign-launching-on-indigenous-peoples-day-2020/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous Climate Action\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indigenousclimateaction.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.indigenousclimateaction.com/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Stop Line 3\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stopline3.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.stopline3.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Seven Indigenous Climate Activists You Should Know About\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.arcadia.com/indigenous-climate-activists-to-know/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://blog.arcadia.com/indigenous-climate-activists-to-know/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>International Indigenous Youth Council\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://indigenousyouth.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://indigenousyouth.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous Environmental Network\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ienearth.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.ienearth.org/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Return the National Parks to the Tribes\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/05/return-the-national-parks-to-the-tribes/618395/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/05/return-the-national-parks-to-the-tribes/618395/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>National Parks Should Be Controlled By Indigenous Tribes, One Writer Argues\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/15/987787685/national-parks-should-be-controlled-by-indigenous-tribes-one-writer-argues\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.npr.org/2021/04/15/987787685/national-parks-should-be-controlled-by-indigenous-tribes-one-writer-argues\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This Land Is Their Land\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npca.org/articles/2742-this-land-is-their-land\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.npca.org/articles/2742-this-land-is-their-land\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Should Native Americans control national Parks? Examining an argument for reparations.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/should-native-americans-control-national-parks-examining-an-argument-for-reparations\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/should-native-americans-control-national-parks-examining-an-argument-for-reparations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ethnic Cleansing and America’s Creation of National Parks\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1267&context=plrlr\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1267&context=plrlr\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>National Parks are beautiful, but the way they were created isn’t.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://timeline.com/national-parks-native-americans-56b0dad62c9d\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://timeline.com/national-parks-native-americans-56b0dad62c9d\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>There’s A Global Plan to Conserve Nature. Indigenous People Could Lead the Way.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/climate/nature-conservation-30-percent.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/climate/nature-conservation-30-percent.html\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why Protecting Indigenous Communities Can Also Help Save the Earth\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/climate-academy/2020/oct/12/indigenous-communities-protect-biodiversity-curb-climate-crisis\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.theguardian.com/climate-academy/2020/oct/12/indigenous-communities-protect-biodiversity-curb-climate-crisis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Don’t Downplay the Role of Indigenous People\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-downplay-the-role-of-indigenous-people-in-molding-the-ecological-landscape/#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20Native%20Americans%20burned%20the,seal%20it%20with%20sticky%20resin\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-downplay-the-role-of-indigenous-people-in-molding-the-ecological-landscape/#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20Native%20Americans%20burned%20the,seal%20it%20with%20sticky%20resin\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Study: Indigenous resistance has staved off 25% of U.S. and Canada’s annual emissions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/protest/indigenous-resistance-has-cut-u-s-and-canadas-annual-emissions/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://grist.org/protest/indigenous-resistance-has-cut-u-s-and-canadas-annual-emissions/\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.iisd.org/articles/indigenous-protected-areas-way-meet-human-and-environmental-challenges\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.iisd.org/articles/indigenous-protected-areas-way-meet-human-and-environmental-challenges\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Redwood Forest in California is Returned to Native Tribes\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/26/us/california-redwoods-native-american-conservation.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/26/us/california-redwoods-native-american-conservation.html\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Inigenous Peoples Defend the Earth’s Biodiversity – But They’re in Danger\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/can-indigenous-land-stewardship-protect-biodiversity-\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/can-indigenous-land-stewardship-protect-biodiversity-\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Can Traditional Indigenous Knowledge Teach Us About Changing Our Approach to Human Activity and Environmental Stewardship in Order to Reduce the Severity of Climate Change?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328780899_What_Can_Traditional_Indigenous_Knowledge_Teach_Us_About_Changing_Our_Approach_to_Human_Activity_and_Environmental_Stewardship_in_Order_to_Reduce_the_Severity_of_Climate_Change\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328780899_What_Can_Traditional_Indigenous_Knowledge_Teach_Us_About_Changing_Our_Approach_to_Human_Activity_and_Environmental_Stewardship_in_Order_to_Reduce_the_Severity_of_Climate_Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Perspective: Indigenous land stewardship holds solutions for the future of the Amazon\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.moore.org/article-detail?newsUrlName=perspective-indigenous-land-stewardship-holds-solutions-for-the-future-of-the-amazon\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.moore.org/article-detail?newsUrlName=perspective-indigenous-land-stewardship-holds-solutions-for-the-future-of-the-amazon\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous experiences in the U.S. with climate change and environmental stewardship in the Anthropocene\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46584\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/46584\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Vertebrate biodiversity on indigenous-managed lands in Australia, Brazil, and Canada equals that in protected areas\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1462901119301042?via%3Dihub\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Forest Gardens Show How Native Land Stewardship Can Outdo Nature\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/forest-gardens-show-how-native-land-stewardship-can-outdo-nature\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/forest-gardens-show-how-native-land-stewardship-can-outdo-nature\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Protect indigenous people’s land rights and the whole world will benefit, UN forum declares\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/pt/desa/protect-indigenous-people%E2%80%99s-land-rights-and-whole-world-will-benefit-un-forum\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.un.org/pt/desa/protect-indigenous-people%E2%80%99s-land-rights-and-whole-world-will-benefit-un-forum\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Indigenous people are the world’s biggest conservationists, but they rarely get credit for it\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/22518592/indigenous-people-conserve-nature-icca\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.vox.com/22518592/indigenous-people-conserve-nature-icca\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A Brief History of the National Park Service \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL4jXLj4N-Y\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL4jXLj4N-Y\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Gov. Gavin Newsom floats $100M plan for tribes to buy land\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How Much Do Social Media Algorithms Influence Your Worldview?",
"headTitle": "How Much Do Social Media Algorithms Influence Your Worldview? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The content you see on a given social media app isn’t random – it’s highly curated content specifically made for you. And it is curated by recommendation algorithms. These algorithms are designed to keep you on the social media app you are using for as long as possible and they do that by learning what you like and showing you more of that type of content. But is this always a good thing? In this episode of Above the Noise, Myles explores how these recommendation algorithms can help you feel seen and build community while also potentially trapping you in filter bubbles where you are only served content that reinforces what you believe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/how-much-do-social-media-algorithms-control-you/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you see what you see online and on social media?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What content you see on a given social app or search engine isn’t random– it’s super curated content. And it’s curated by recommendation algorithms. Recommendation algorithms are essentially the computer instructions for how a given social app or search engine decides what to show you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do recommendation algorithms work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, these algorithms are designed to keep you on a given social app for as long as possible. They do that by learning what you like and showing you more of that content. They consider a bunch of stuff when deciding what to show you. For instance, they collect data on what we’re watching, clicking, liking, commenting, sharing, buying, where we live, etc. They also consider what everyone else is liking and watching too. But exactly what and how all these things are ranked to give you the content that shows up in your feed is top secret. Plus, companies are constantly tweaking and changing their algorithms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do social apps use recommendation algorithms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s tons of content out there so recommendation algorithms sift through that content and show us what they think is the most relevant stuff to us. In the end, social apps and YouTube want to keep you on the platform for as long as possible so they can show you more ads and make more money– and they do that by showing you stuff they think is gonna keep you on the app the longest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s dangerous about recommendation algorithms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommendation algorithms can trap users in echo chambers or filter bubbles– where you are served content that just reinforces what you already believe. This is particularly true when it comes to news and politics– and has been cited as a reason for increased political polarization in America. These recommendation algorithms can also spread misinformation, disinformation and propaganda. Content that is emotionally charged tends to go viral because a lot of users engage with that content– and sometimes that means these algorithms are spreading misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda. There are also reports that users can get sucked into radicalization rabbit holes as algorithms serve up more and more extreme content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/facebooks-algorithms-fueled-massive-foreign-propaganda-campaigns-during-the-2020-election-heres-how-algorithms-can-manipulate-you-168229\">Facebook’s Algorithms Fueled….\u003c/a> (The Conversation)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/03/the-social-media-echo-chamber-is-real/\">The Social Media Echo Chamber Is Real\u003c/a> (Ars Technica)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.internetjustsociety.org/algorithms-in-social-media-platforms\">Algorithms in Social Media Platforms\u003c/a> (Internet Justice Society)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b6df958f8370af3217d4178/t/613a4d4cc86b9d3810eb35aa/1631210832122/NYU+CBHR+Fueling+The+Fire_FINAL+ONLINE+REVISED+Sep7.pdf\">Fueling the Fire\u003c/a> (NYU/ Stern)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/05/business/media/tiktok-algorithm.html\">How TikTok Reads Your Mind\u003c/a> (NY Times)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://networkconference.netstudies.org/2020Curtin/2020/05/11/for-you-page-tiktok-as-a-lens-for-identity-discourse-in-western-culture/\">For You Page: TikTok and Identity (Debating Networks and Communities Conference IX) \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Social media algorithms are designed to keep you on their company's platform as long as possible to sell ads. But how much do they influence your worldview, and what can you do to have more influence over THEM?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The content you see on a given social media app isn’t random – it’s highly curated content specifically made for you. And it is curated by recommendation algorithms. These algorithms are designed to keep you on the social media app you are using for as long as possible and they do that by learning what you like and showing you more of that type of content. But is this always a good thing? In this episode of Above the Noise, Myles explores how these recommendation algorithms can help you feel seen and build community while also potentially trapping you in filter bubbles where you are only served content that reinforces what you believe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/how-much-do-social-media-algorithms-control-you/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do you see what you see online and on social media?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What content you see on a given social app or search engine isn’t random– it’s super curated content. And it’s curated by recommendation algorithms. Recommendation algorithms are essentially the computer instructions for how a given social app or search engine decides what to show you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do recommendation algorithms work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, these algorithms are designed to keep you on a given social app for as long as possible. They do that by learning what you like and showing you more of that content. They consider a bunch of stuff when deciding what to show you. For instance, they collect data on what we’re watching, clicking, liking, commenting, sharing, buying, where we live, etc. They also consider what everyone else is liking and watching too. But exactly what and how all these things are ranked to give you the content that shows up in your feed is top secret. Plus, companies are constantly tweaking and changing their algorithms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do social apps use recommendation algorithms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s tons of content out there so recommendation algorithms sift through that content and show us what they think is the most relevant stuff to us. In the end, social apps and YouTube want to keep you on the platform for as long as possible so they can show you more ads and make more money– and they do that by showing you stuff they think is gonna keep you on the app the longest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s dangerous about recommendation algorithms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recommendation algorithms can trap users in echo chambers or filter bubbles– where you are served content that just reinforces what you already believe. This is particularly true when it comes to news and politics– and has been cited as a reason for increased political polarization in America. These recommendation algorithms can also spread misinformation, disinformation and propaganda. Content that is emotionally charged tends to go viral because a lot of users engage with that content– and sometimes that means these algorithms are spreading misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda. There are also reports that users can get sucked into radicalization rabbit holes as algorithms serve up more and more extreme content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/facebooks-algorithms-fueled-massive-foreign-propaganda-campaigns-during-the-2020-election-heres-how-algorithms-can-manipulate-you-168229\">Facebook’s Algorithms Fueled….\u003c/a> (The Conversation)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/03/the-social-media-echo-chamber-is-real/\">The Social Media Echo Chamber Is Real\u003c/a> (Ars Technica)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.internetjustsociety.org/algorithms-in-social-media-platforms\">Algorithms in Social Media Platforms\u003c/a> (Internet Justice Society)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b6df958f8370af3217d4178/t/613a4d4cc86b9d3810eb35aa/1631210832122/NYU+CBHR+Fueling+The+Fire_FINAL+ONLINE+REVISED+Sep7.pdf\">Fueling the Fire\u003c/a> (NYU/ Stern)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/05/business/media/tiktok-algorithm.html\">How TikTok Reads Your Mind\u003c/a> (NY Times)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://networkconference.netstudies.org/2020Curtin/2020/05/11/for-you-page-tiktok-as-a-lens-for-identity-discourse-in-western-culture/\">For You Page: TikTok and Identity (Debating Networks and Communities Conference IX) \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Students these days have the extraordinary power–literally in the palm of their hands–to publicly call out injustice via social media. But what about when it gets personal and individuals are called out and “canceled”? In our latest episode of \u003ci>Above the Noise\u003c/i>, Myles investigates the difference between “calling out” and “calling in” and talks with high schoolers about the pros and cons of taking personal grievances public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/how-does-cancel-culture-impact-students-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">What is cancel culture?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">Cancel culture has been around for a long time. When have people not disagreed or challenged each other’s thoughts? As we know it today, canceling is about holding powerful people accountable for what they say and do. At least, in theory, much of its media coverage and attention revolves around whether canceling is more about accountability or online shaming of the accused. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">What’s cancel culture’s impact on students?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">Students usually aren’t big-name celebrities, so when they cancel each other it’s usually about taking personal conflicts onto a public platform. That can have lasting impacts on both the accuser and the accused. Both might have their mental health affected, as the accuser may be forced to relive the trauma by having to bring up the conflict publicly, or the potential for the scandal to follow both parties well beyond when the incident happened. And both the accuser and accused may feel ostracized by their peers and research shows that this social rejection from peers can lead to academic struggles, low self-esteem, and a “decrease in prosocial behaviors.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">What are alternatives to canceling someone?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">We spoke with students who’ve both seen cancel culture at their schools and were curious to know if there is a way to get people to take responsibility for hurting someone without putting them on blast on social media. Reflection, patience, and seeking support (when ready) are all tools, says Kaidence Pacheo, a student who has gone through a restorative justice program at their school. However, not all schools have these resources, so these alternatives may have to start from the individual educating themselves and reflecting on the power that the Internet has in amplifying these callouts. They can also begin looking at the bigger picture and interrogating the systems that allow for these wrongdoings to happen in the first place. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">SOURCES \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/05/19/americans-and-cancel-culture-where-some-see-calls-for-accountability-others-see-censorship-punishment/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Americans and ‘Cancel Culture’: Where Some See Calls for Accountability, Others See Censorship, Punishment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/19/learning/what-students-are-saying-about-cancel-culture-friendly-celebrity-battles-and-finding-escape.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Students Are Saying About Cancel Culture, Friendly Celebrity Battles and Finding Escape\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/style/cancel-culture.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tales From the Teenage Cancel Culture\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/22384308/cancel-culture-free-speech-accountability-debate\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Second Wave of “Cancel Culture”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085085/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes and Consequences of Social Exclusion and Peer Rejection Among Children and Adolescents\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Students these days have the extraordinary power–literally in the palm of their hands–to publicly call out injustice via social media. But what about when it gets personal and individuals are called out and “canceled”? In our latest episode of \u003ci>Above the Noise\u003c/i>, Myles investigates the difference between “calling out” and “calling in” and talks with high schoolers about the pros and cons of taking personal grievances public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/how-does-cancel-culture-impact-students-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">What is cancel culture?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">Cancel culture has been around for a long time. When have people not disagreed or challenged each other’s thoughts? As we know it today, canceling is about holding powerful people accountable for what they say and do. At least, in theory, much of its media coverage and attention revolves around whether canceling is more about accountability or online shaming of the accused. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">What’s cancel culture’s impact on students?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">Students usually aren’t big-name celebrities, so when they cancel each other it’s usually about taking personal conflicts onto a public platform. That can have lasting impacts on both the accuser and the accused. Both might have their mental health affected, as the accuser may be forced to relive the trauma by having to bring up the conflict publicly, or the potential for the scandal to follow both parties well beyond when the incident happened. And both the accuser and accused may feel ostracized by their peers and research shows that this social rejection from peers can lead to academic struggles, low self-esteem, and a “decrease in prosocial behaviors.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">What are alternatives to canceling someone?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">We spoke with students who’ve both seen cancel culture at their schools and were curious to know if there is a way to get people to take responsibility for hurting someone without putting them on blast on social media. Reflection, patience, and seeking support (when ready) are all tools, says Kaidence Pacheo, a student who has gone through a restorative justice program at their school. However, not all schools have these resources, so these alternatives may have to start from the individual educating themselves and reflecting on the power that the Internet has in amplifying these callouts. They can also begin looking at the bigger picture and interrogating the systems that allow for these wrongdoings to happen in the first place. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"style-scope yt-formatted-string\" dir=\"auto\">SOURCES \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/05/19/americans-and-cancel-culture-where-some-see-calls-for-accountability-others-see-censorship-punishment/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Americans and ‘Cancel Culture’: Where Some See Calls for Accountability, Others See Censorship, Punishment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/19/learning/what-students-are-saying-about-cancel-culture-friendly-celebrity-battles-and-finding-escape.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What Students Are Saying About Cancel Culture, Friendly Celebrity Battles and Finding Escape\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/style/cancel-culture.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tales From the Teenage Cancel Culture\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/22384308/cancel-culture-free-speech-accountability-debate\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Second Wave of “Cancel Culture”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085085/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes and Consequences of Social Exclusion and Peer Rejection Among Children and Adolescents\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What Happens If You Take ADHD Drugs (But You Don’t Have ADHD?)",
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"content": "\u003cp>Do magical pills exist that allow students to study longer, focus harder, and cram more info into their brain? Lots of people, especially college students, take ADHD medication even if they are not diagnosed with ADHD because they think that will do the trick and help them perform better. Myles Bess investigates how ADHD medications impact folks who are and who are not diagnosed with ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/adhd-medication-use-and-abuse/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is ADHD?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ADHD stands for \u003cem>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder\u003c/em>, and it’s one of the most common mental health conditions in people under 18. It’s like having 100 tabs open on your browser, but in your brain, so you end up paying attention to the WRONG stuff instead of focusing on what you actually need to get done. In the U.S., Adderall is the most common drug prescribed to treat ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are ADHD meds?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most ADHD drugs are stimulants. They stimulate and activate your central nervous system within 15 or 20 minutes of popping a pill. Caffeine is a stimulant, but ADHD drugs are a LOT more powerful. Like Adderall, which is one of the most commonly prescribed stimulant medications in the U.S. The active ingredient is a version of amphetamine, which has been around for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do ADHD drugs help people with ADHD?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of it has to do with a specific neurotransmitter in the brain that you’ve probably heard of before – dopamine. It’s key when it comes to your brain’s reward pathways. When you have a normal level of dopamine hanging out in the synapses of your brain, you’re able to maintain motivation when you’re doing something you’re not interested in. But for someone with ADHD, there’s less dopamine hanging out in the synapses. So, there’s less motivation to get things done. To get that dopamine level up, there’s more of a desire for short-term rewards. ADHD meds work by helping dopamine to stick around longer in the synapses. For people with ADHD, they can stay focused and avoid distractions, and that can be a total game-changer when it comes to getting stuff done at school or at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what happens when someone WITHOUT ADHD takes an ADHD drug like Adderall? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies in the lab don’t show that people without ADHD get any boost to their cognition when they take ADHD drugs, but real-life situations like exams and writing papers haven’t fully been tested. But many studies do show that these kinds of meds make you think you did better than you actually did. And there are worrisome side effects that can hurt you long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05599-8\">Use of smart drugs on the rise \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626918/pdf/NDT-4-893.pdf\">Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sleepandcognitionlab.org/website/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Morning-stimulant-administration-reduces-sleep-and-overnight-working-memory-improvement.pdf\">Morning stimulant administration reduces sleep and overnight working memory improvement \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sleepandcognitionlab.org/website/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Whitehurst_Battelli_Mednick2019.pdf\">The impact of psychostimulants on sustained attention over a 24-h period \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377281/pdf/0980974.pdf\">America’s First Amphetamine Epidemic\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165228/pdf/pharmacy-06-00058.pdf\">Neurocognitive Effects of Adderall \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=neuroethics_pubs\">Objective and Subjective Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Mixed Amphetamine Salts in Healthy People \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21507740.2012.740141?needAccess=true\">Just How Cognitive Is “Cognitive Enhancement”? \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Do magical pills exist that allow students to study longer, focus harder, and cram more info into their brain? Lots of people, especially college students, take ADHD medication even if they are not diagnosed with ADHD because they think that will do the trick and help them perform better. Myles Bess investigates how ADHD medications impact folks who are and who are not diagnosed with ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/adhd-medication-use-and-abuse/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is ADHD?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ADHD stands for \u003cem>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder\u003c/em>, and it’s one of the most common mental health conditions in people under 18. It’s like having 100 tabs open on your browser, but in your brain, so you end up paying attention to the WRONG stuff instead of focusing on what you actually need to get done. In the U.S., Adderall is the most common drug prescribed to treat ADHD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are ADHD meds?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most ADHD drugs are stimulants. They stimulate and activate your central nervous system within 15 or 20 minutes of popping a pill. Caffeine is a stimulant, but ADHD drugs are a LOT more powerful. Like Adderall, which is one of the most commonly prescribed stimulant medications in the U.S. The active ingredient is a version of amphetamine, which has been around for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do ADHD drugs help people with ADHD?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of it has to do with a specific neurotransmitter in the brain that you’ve probably heard of before – dopamine. It’s key when it comes to your brain’s reward pathways. When you have a normal level of dopamine hanging out in the synapses of your brain, you’re able to maintain motivation when you’re doing something you’re not interested in. But for someone with ADHD, there’s less dopamine hanging out in the synapses. So, there’s less motivation to get things done. To get that dopamine level up, there’s more of a desire for short-term rewards. ADHD meds work by helping dopamine to stick around longer in the synapses. For people with ADHD, they can stay focused and avoid distractions, and that can be a total game-changer when it comes to getting stuff done at school or at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what happens when someone WITHOUT ADHD takes an ADHD drug like Adderall? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies in the lab don’t show that people without ADHD get any boost to their cognition when they take ADHD drugs, but real-life situations like exams and writing papers haven’t fully been tested. But many studies do show that these kinds of meds make you think you did better than you actually did. And there are worrisome side effects that can hurt you long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05599-8\">Use of smart drugs on the rise \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626918/pdf/NDT-4-893.pdf\">Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sleepandcognitionlab.org/website/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Morning-stimulant-administration-reduces-sleep-and-overnight-working-memory-improvement.pdf\">Morning stimulant administration reduces sleep and overnight working memory improvement \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://sleepandcognitionlab.org/website/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Whitehurst_Battelli_Mednick2019.pdf\">The impact of psychostimulants on sustained attention over a 24-h period \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2377281/pdf/0980974.pdf\">America’s First Amphetamine Epidemic\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165228/pdf/pharmacy-06-00058.pdf\">Neurocognitive Effects of Adderall \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=neuroethics_pubs\">Objective and Subjective Cognitive Enhancing Effects of Mixed Amphetamine Salts in Healthy People \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21507740.2012.740141?needAccess=true\">Just How Cognitive Is “Cognitive Enhancement”? \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Why do so many people love conspiracy theories and who’s profiting from spreading them? A special collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/\">Common Sense Education\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/110?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=atn\">Click to see this video and lesson plan on KQED Learn\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is a conspiracy theory?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories are often defined as a belief that a group of people have a secret plot and are responsible for something happening. The theory part is that it’s unproven. Actual conspiracies are proven to be true with documented proof. And actual conspiracies exist, such as the FBI spying on Martin Luther King. There are FBI documents that prove this. Conspiracy theories don’t have actual proof; believers often point to misinformation as proof, or use the lack of proof as evidence of how good the coverup for the conspiracy is. Conspiracy theories can range from mostly harmless to harmful ones that promote hate or deny some form of reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do people love conspiracy theories?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories can provide our brains with easy answers that jive with our preconceived notions and biases. They tend to appeal to “System One” thinking: our emotions, intuition, and gut reactions. According to psychologists, conspiracy theories play into some of our innate human desires, like the desire for certainty, security, and belonging. They tend to pop up in times of crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s profiting from conspiracy theories?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories make the perfect clickbait. They can go wild on social media–making big profits for social media companies and media creators. A lot of that money comes from ad revenue. And media creators can use their views and popularity to sell other merch and products too–profiting even more off the conspiracy theories they are pushing. And when it comes to politics, politicians can push conspiracy theories to stoke fear and gain popularity. This has been happening for a long time in the U.S. In the past, it’s usually been a leader of a majority group claiming that some minority group is plotting against them. More recently, a lot of the conspiracy theories pushed by politicians are about the U.S. government and opposing political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can you prevent yourself from falling for conspiracy theories?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way could be to just stop and think more deeply about a theory that you’ve come across, before liking or sharing. Cognitive reflection is your ability to override your emotions and gut reactions by stopping and thinking more carefully about something. Research shows that people who score high in cognitive reflection are less prone to falling for conspiracy theories on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SOURCES:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-internet-fuels-conspiracy-theories-but-not-in-the-way-you-might-imagine-98037\"> The Internet Fuels Conspiracy Theories…\u003c/a> (The Conversation)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-people-fall-for-conspiracy-theories/\">Why People Fall for Conspiracy Theories\u003c/a> (FiveThirtyEight)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/why-uncertain-times-make-us-susceptible-to-conspiracy-theories--and-how-to-protect-yourself/2020/10/16/21becf08-0f1a-11eb-8a35-237ef1eb2ef7_story.html\">Why Some People Are Susceptible to Conspiracy Theories\u003c/a> (Washington Post)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0963721417718261\">The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories\u003c/a> (Current Directions in Psychological Sciences)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7530244/\">Thinking Preferences and Conspiracy Belief\u003c/a> (Front Psychiatry)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://252f2edd-1c8b-49f5-9bb2-cb57bb47e4ba.filesusr.com/ugd/f4d9b9_6910f8ab94a241cfa088953dd5e60968.pdf\">The Anti-Vaxx Industry\u003c/a> (Center for Countering Digital Hate)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/the-conspiracy-and-disinformation-challenge-on-e-commerce-platforms/\"> The Conspiracy and Disinformation Challenge on e-Commerce Platforms\u003c/a> (Brookings Institution)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2021.647957/full\">Social Media, Cognitive Reflection and Conspiracy Beliefs\u003c/a> (Frontiers in Political Science)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories can provide our brains with easy answers that jive with our preconceived notions and biases. They tend to appeal to “System One” thinking: our emotions, intuition, and gut reactions. According to psychologists, conspiracy theories play into some of our innate human desires, like the desire for certainty, security, and belonging. They tend to pop up in times of crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s profiting from conspiracy theories?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories make the perfect clickbait. They can go wild on social media–making big profits for social media companies and media creators. A lot of that money comes from ad revenue. And media creators can use their views and popularity to sell other merch and products too–profiting even more off the conspiracy theories they are pushing. And when it comes to politics, politicians can push conspiracy theories to stoke fear and gain popularity. This has been happening for a long time in the U.S. In the past, it’s usually been a leader of a majority group claiming that some minority group is plotting against them. More recently, a lot of the conspiracy theories pushed by politicians are about the U.S. government and opposing political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can you prevent yourself from falling for conspiracy theories?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way could be to just stop and think more deeply about a theory that you’ve come across, before liking or sharing. Cognitive reflection is your ability to override your emotions and gut reactions by stopping and thinking more carefully about something. Research shows that people who score high in cognitive reflection are less prone to falling for conspiracy theories on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SOURCES:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-internet-fuels-conspiracy-theories-but-not-in-the-way-you-might-imagine-98037\"> The Internet Fuels Conspiracy Theories…\u003c/a> (The Conversation)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-people-fall-for-conspiracy-theories/\">Why People Fall for Conspiracy Theories\u003c/a> (FiveThirtyEight)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/why-uncertain-times-make-us-susceptible-to-conspiracy-theories--and-how-to-protect-yourself/2020/10/16/21becf08-0f1a-11eb-8a35-237ef1eb2ef7_story.html\">Why Some People Are Susceptible to Conspiracy Theories\u003c/a> (Washington Post)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0963721417718261\">The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories\u003c/a> (Current Directions in Psychological Sciences)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7530244/\">Thinking Preferences and Conspiracy Belief\u003c/a> (Front Psychiatry)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://252f2edd-1c8b-49f5-9bb2-cb57bb47e4ba.filesusr.com/ugd/f4d9b9_6910f8ab94a241cfa088953dd5e60968.pdf\">The Anti-Vaxx Industry\u003c/a> (Center for Countering Digital Hate)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/techstream/the-conspiracy-and-disinformation-challenge-on-e-commerce-platforms/\"> The Conspiracy and Disinformation Challenge on e-Commerce Platforms\u003c/a> (Brookings Institution)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2021.647957/full\">Social Media, Cognitive Reflection and Conspiracy Beliefs\u003c/a> (Frontiers in Political Science)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
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