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"content": "\u003cp>Traditionally thought of as gun-free zones, some schools are now allowing teachers to carry guns in classrooms— an effort that is meant to increase school safety, particularly when it comes to stopping school shootings. But this move is sparking controversy nationwide, as many opponents question whether arming teachers with guns would actually make schools safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/should-teachers-be-allowed-to-carry-guns-at-school/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the main arguments for allowing teachers to carry guns at school?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome arguments in favor of arming teachers include that if teachers had guns, they would actually be able to defend against an attack — potentially minimizing deaths. Supporters often point to instances where armed bystanders have stopped shootings in other places. Additionally, arming teachers could act as a deterrent— if potential shooters knew teachers were armed, they may be less likely to carry out an attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the main arguments against allowing teachers to carry guns at school?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany opponents worry that there’s too much potential for something to go wrong if you allow teachers to carry guns. What happens if a student gets ahold of a teacher’s gun, or if they accidentally shoot an innocent bystander. There’s also concern that a teacher could misinterpret a student’s actions and shoot at someone unnecessarily, and this is especially a concern for students of color— where research shows they are disproportionately disciplined more than white students. Could implicit racial bias lead to a teacher unnecessarily shooting at a student of color? There’s also concern that training and arming teachers is expensive and could take funding away from other academic or school safety resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SELECTED SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nShould Teachers Carry Guns? The Debate, Explained (EdWeek) \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/arming-teachers.html\">https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/arming-teachers.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arming Schoolteachers: What Do We Know? Where Do We Go From Here? (American Journal of Public Health) \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304464\">https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304464\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School shootings are extraordinarily rare. Why is fear of them driving policy? (Washington Post) \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/school-shootings-are-extraordinarily-rare-why-is-fear-of-them-driving-policy/2018/03/08/f4ead9f2-2247-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html\">https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/school-shootings-are-extraordinarily-rare-why-is-fear-of-them-driving-policy/2018/03/08/f4ead9f2-2247-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10 years. 180 school shootings. 356 victims. (CNN) \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/07/us/ten-years-of-school-shootings-trnd/\">https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/07/us/ten-years-of-school-shootings-trnd/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should teachers carry guns? In many rural school districts, they already are. (Pacific Standard) \u003ca href=\"https://psmag.com/education/should-teachers-carry-guns-in-many-rural-school-districts-they-already-are\">https://psmag.com/education/should-teachers-carry-guns-in-many-rural-school-districts-they-already-are\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most U.S. Teachers Oppose Carrying Guns in Schools (Gallup) \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/229808/teachers-oppose-carrying-guns-schools.aspx\">https://news.gallup.com/poll/229808/teachers-oppose-carrying-guns-schools.aspx\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Voters Oppose Steel, Aluminum Tariffs, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Oppose Armed Teachers, Back Armed Security 6-1 (Quinnipiac University Poll) \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2525\">https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2525\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and Local Law Enforcement Training Academies, 2013 (U.S. DOJ Bureau of Justice Statistics) \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta13.pdf\">https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta13.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun-trained teacher accidentally discharges firearm in Calif. classroom, injuring student (Washington Post) \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/teacher-accidentally-discharges-firearm-in-calif-classroom-he-was-trained-in-gun-use/\">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/teacher-accidentally-discharges-firearm-in-calif-classroom-he-was-trained-in-gun-use/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Students ‘Face Racial Bias’ In School Discipline (Forbes)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorrison/2019/04/05/black-students-face-racial-bias-in-school-discipline/#62d323ec36d5\">https://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorrison/2019/04/05/black-students-face-racial-bias-in-school-discipline/#62d323ec36d5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Ferguson, black men still face the highest risk of being killed by police (PBS NewsHour) \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/after-ferguson-black-men-and-boys-still-face-the-highest-risk-of-being-killed-by-police\">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/after-ferguson-black-men-and-boys-still-face-the-highest-risk-of-being-killed-by-police\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A History of Shootings at Military Installations in the U.S. (NBC 6 South Florida) \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/national-international/A-History-of-Shootings-at-Military-Installations-in-the-US-223933651.html\">https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/national-international/A-History-of-Shootings-at-Military-Installations-in-the-US-223933651.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Traditionally thought of as gun-free zones, some schools are now allowing teachers to carry guns in classrooms— an effort that is meant to increase school safety, particularly when it comes to stopping school shootings. But this move is sparking controversy nationwide, as many opponents question whether arming teachers with guns would actually make schools safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/should-teachers-be-allowed-to-carry-guns-at-school/above-the-noise-video/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the main arguments for allowing teachers to carry guns at school?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome arguments in favor of arming teachers include that if teachers had guns, they would actually be able to defend against an attack — potentially minimizing deaths. Supporters often point to instances where armed bystanders have stopped shootings in other places. Additionally, arming teachers could act as a deterrent— if potential shooters knew teachers were armed, they may be less likely to carry out an attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the main arguments against allowing teachers to carry guns at school?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany opponents worry that there’s too much potential for something to go wrong if you allow teachers to carry guns. What happens if a student gets ahold of a teacher’s gun, or if they accidentally shoot an innocent bystander. There’s also concern that a teacher could misinterpret a student’s actions and shoot at someone unnecessarily, and this is especially a concern for students of color— where research shows they are disproportionately disciplined more than white students. Could implicit racial bias lead to a teacher unnecessarily shooting at a student of color? There’s also concern that training and arming teachers is expensive and could take funding away from other academic or school safety resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SELECTED SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nShould Teachers Carry Guns? The Debate, Explained (EdWeek) \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/arming-teachers.html\">https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/arming-teachers.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arming Schoolteachers: What Do We Know? Where Do We Go From Here? (American Journal of Public Health) \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304464\">https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304464\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School shootings are extraordinarily rare. Why is fear of them driving policy? (Washington Post) \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/school-shootings-are-extraordinarily-rare-why-is-fear-of-them-driving-policy/2018/03/08/f4ead9f2-2247-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html\">https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/school-shootings-are-extraordinarily-rare-why-is-fear-of-them-driving-policy/2018/03/08/f4ead9f2-2247-11e8-94da-ebf9d112159c_story.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>10 years. 180 school shootings. 356 victims. (CNN) \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/07/us/ten-years-of-school-shootings-trnd/\">https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/07/us/ten-years-of-school-shootings-trnd/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should teachers carry guns? In many rural school districts, they already are. (Pacific Standard) \u003ca href=\"https://psmag.com/education/should-teachers-carry-guns-in-many-rural-school-districts-they-already-are\">https://psmag.com/education/should-teachers-carry-guns-in-many-rural-school-districts-they-already-are\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most U.S. Teachers Oppose Carrying Guns in Schools (Gallup) \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/229808/teachers-oppose-carrying-guns-schools.aspx\">https://news.gallup.com/poll/229808/teachers-oppose-carrying-guns-schools.aspx\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Voters Oppose Steel, Aluminum Tariffs, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Oppose Armed Teachers, Back Armed Security 6-1 (Quinnipiac University Poll) \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2525\">https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2525\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and Local Law Enforcement Training Academies, 2013 (U.S. DOJ Bureau of Justice Statistics) \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta13.pdf\">https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/slleta13.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gun-trained teacher accidentally discharges firearm in Calif. classroom, injuring student (Washington Post) \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/teacher-accidentally-discharges-firearm-in-calif-classroom-he-was-trained-in-gun-use/\">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/teacher-accidentally-discharges-firearm-in-calif-classroom-he-was-trained-in-gun-use/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Students ‘Face Racial Bias’ In School Discipline (Forbes)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorrison/2019/04/05/black-students-face-racial-bias-in-school-discipline/#62d323ec36d5\">https://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorrison/2019/04/05/black-students-face-racial-bias-in-school-discipline/#62d323ec36d5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Ferguson, black men still face the highest risk of being killed by police (PBS NewsHour) \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/after-ferguson-black-men-and-boys-still-face-the-highest-risk-of-being-killed-by-police\">https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/after-ferguson-black-men-and-boys-still-face-the-highest-risk-of-being-killed-by-police\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A History of Shootings at Military Installations in the U.S. (NBC 6 South Florida) \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/national-international/A-History-of-Shootings-at-Military-Installations-in-the-US-223933651.html\">https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/national-international/A-History-of-Shootings-at-Military-Installations-in-the-US-223933651.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Climate Change: How Doomed ARE We?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Climate change is THE existential question that humanity is facing. But are we too late? Has climate change reached the point of no return? Are we doomed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices.\u003cbr>\nKQED Learn: \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/47\">https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/47\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the state of climate change right now?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince around 1880, the average global temperature of the earth has increased by 1 degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit. That increase is due almost entirely to humans burning fossil fuels, mostly from 1950 on. That might not sound like a big increase, but it is. It means sea level rise, shrinking polar ice caps, and increased extreme weather events like heat waves and monsoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why a hundred and ninety-plus countries signed onto the Paris Climate Agreement. The goal is to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius — or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit — by the end of this century. Many scientists say that staying under 1.5 puts us near the upper limit of what’s tolerable. We’ll have droughts, sea level rise, and extreme weather, but chances are we can manage it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does climate change look like in the future?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThat’s why we have the IPCC. The IPCC is part of the United Nations, and it stands for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It’s been the world’s top authority on climate science for the last 30 years. Thousands of climate scientists from around the world volunteer their time to analyze and summarize the latest and best climate science. According to these experts, if we keep burning fossil fuels like we are today, then we’re blowing past 1.5 degrees of warming by 2100. We’ll almost definitely hit 2 degrees, and might even reach 3 or even 4 degrees. That means longer and more intense heat waves. And stronger hurricanes and dangerous flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do we get climate change under control?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLet’s start with transportation. 95% of the vehicles on the planet burn fossil fuels. They’re responsible for almost ⅓ of all greenhouse gas emissions worldwide! It might sound like a pipe-dream to replace those gas-guzzlers with electric vehicles, but it might not be. In the last decade and a half electric vehicles that don’t have any pollution out of the tailpipe went from a dream to commonplace in places like California, China, Norway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we have the energy sector — think power plants. In 2016, 80% of the world’s energy came from fossil fuels, while only 5% came from renewables like solar and wind. But we’re seeing that change. Now solar is the cheapest form of energy in just two decades. That’s a huge change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s how we use land. We’re cutting down WAY too many trees and using a lot of that land to raise livestock that we end up eating. The United Nations estimates that if the world stopped getting food from animal sources, greenhouse gas emissions could be cut by one-fourth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nClimate Change: How Do We Know? (NASA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\">https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it too late to prevent climate change? (NASA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/16/is-it-too-late-to-prevent-climate-change/\">https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/16/is-it-too-late-to-prevent-climate-change/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise (NASA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/\">https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC Special Report Global Warming of 1.5º C\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\">https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC Special Report Climate Change and Land\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/\">https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC says limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will require drastic action (Nature)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06876-2\">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06876-2\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eat less meat: UN climate-change report calls for change to human diet (Nature)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02409-7\">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02409-7\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers (Science)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987\">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data (EPA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\">https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Consumption in the United States (U.S. Energy Information Administration)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36612\">https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36612\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Climate change is THE existential question that humanity is facing. But are we too late? Has climate change reached the point of no return? Are we doomed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices.\u003cbr>\nKQED Learn: \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/47\">https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/47\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the state of climate change right now?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince around 1880, the average global temperature of the earth has increased by 1 degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit. That increase is due almost entirely to humans burning fossil fuels, mostly from 1950 on. That might not sound like a big increase, but it is. It means sea level rise, shrinking polar ice caps, and increased extreme weather events like heat waves and monsoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why a hundred and ninety-plus countries signed onto the Paris Climate Agreement. The goal is to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius — or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit — by the end of this century. Many scientists say that staying under 1.5 puts us near the upper limit of what’s tolerable. We’ll have droughts, sea level rise, and extreme weather, but chances are we can manage it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does climate change look like in the future?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThat’s why we have the IPCC. The IPCC is part of the United Nations, and it stands for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It’s been the world’s top authority on climate science for the last 30 years. Thousands of climate scientists from around the world volunteer their time to analyze and summarize the latest and best climate science. According to these experts, if we keep burning fossil fuels like we are today, then we’re blowing past 1.5 degrees of warming by 2100. We’ll almost definitely hit 2 degrees, and might even reach 3 or even 4 degrees. That means longer and more intense heat waves. And stronger hurricanes and dangerous flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do we get climate change under control?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLet’s start with transportation. 95% of the vehicles on the planet burn fossil fuels. They’re responsible for almost ⅓ of all greenhouse gas emissions worldwide! It might sound like a pipe-dream to replace those gas-guzzlers with electric vehicles, but it might not be. In the last decade and a half electric vehicles that don’t have any pollution out of the tailpipe went from a dream to commonplace in places like California, China, Norway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then we have the energy sector — think power plants. In 2016, 80% of the world’s energy came from fossil fuels, while only 5% came from renewables like solar and wind. But we’re seeing that change. Now solar is the cheapest form of energy in just two decades. That’s a huge change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s how we use land. We’re cutting down WAY too many trees and using a lot of that land to raise livestock that we end up eating. The United Nations estimates that if the world stopped getting food from animal sources, greenhouse gas emissions could be cut by one-fourth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nClimate Change: How Do We Know? (NASA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\">https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it too late to prevent climate change? (NASA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/16/is-it-too-late-to-prevent-climate-change/\">https://climate.nasa.gov/faq/16/is-it-too-late-to-prevent-climate-change/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise (NASA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/\">https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/sea-level/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC Special Report Global Warming of 1.5º C\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\">https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC Special Report Climate Change and Land\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/\">https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPCC says limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will require drastic action (Nature)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06876-2\">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06876-2\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eat less meat: UN climate-change report calls for change to human diet (Nature)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02409-7\">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02409-7\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers (Science)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987\">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data (EPA)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\">https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy Consumption in the United States (U.S. Energy Information Administration)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36612\">https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36612\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is the Electoral College Good or Bad for Democracy?",
"headTitle": "Is the Electoral College Good or Bad for Democracy? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>There have been five times in U.S. history where the person who became president lost the popular vote, but won the electoral vote. And two of those times were just in the last 20 years. This past electoral season, there has been a lot of chatter about the value of the Electoral College with critics asking: is it time to get rid of the this institution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/is-the-electoral-college-killing-democracy-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Electoral College?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Electoral College is the process we use to vote for our president here in America. When you go and cast your vote, you’re not really voting for the president, you’re actually voting for electors, who then go and vote for the president. There are a total of 538 electors. Each state (and the District of Columbia) gets at least three, and then the rest are based on the state’s population size, which is determined every 10 years by the U.S. census. In most states, it’s winner takes all. This means that the party that wins the state’s popular vote sends all of their electors to cast votes to elect the president. But there are two states, Nebraska and Maine, that divide up their electoral votes based on who won the popular vote in each congressional district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why does the U.S. have an Electoral College?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBack in 1787, the founding fathers met in Philadelphia at the constitutional convention to figure out the major laws for how the U.S. government was going to run. Out of that came the U.S. Constitution. One of the most hotly contested topics was how we elect our president. On the one hand you had the Federalists, who thought Congress should elect the president, and on the other you had those who thought the president should be elected by popular vote. But both were a little problematic. If Congress elected the president then Congress would have way too much power and be vulnerable to corruption. But if it was left up to purely the popular vote, there were fears about what would happen, considering there were a lot of people who couldn’t read or write and were uneducated. Their big compromise? The Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arguments for getting rid of the Electoral College\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany critics argue that the electoral college is outdated and doesn’t accurately represent the voice of the people. It’s the reason why people say votes in more populated states count less. People also argue that the Electoral College gives way too much power to people who live in swing states, and that the Electoral College makes it harder for third party candidates to win a presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arguments for keeping the Electoral College\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters of this institution say that it is a fundamental part of America’s checks and balances on government power. They often say that the Electoral College is key to federalist philosophy — which divides power between the federal and state governments and helps avoid an overly strong central government. They also argue that this is the best way to ensure that politicians pay attention to the needs of people living in smaller, more rural states instead of only the most populated cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SELECTED SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat is the electoral college? (National Archives and Records Administration)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html\">https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why was the electoral college created? (History.com)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/news/electoral-college-founding-fathers-constitutional-convention\">https://www.history.com/news/electoral-college-founding-fathers-constitutional-convention\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Electoral College Top 3 Pro and Cons (ProCon.org)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.procon.org/headline.php?headlineID=005330\">https://www.procon.org/headline.php?headlineID=005330\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opinion: Getting Rid of the Electoral College Isn’t Just About Trump (New York Times) \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/opinion/electoral-college-warren-trump.html?module=inline\">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/opinion/electoral-college-warren-trump.html?module=inline\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opinion: A Case for the Electoral College (New York Times)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/23/opinion/electoral-college.html?module=inline\">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/23/opinion/electoral-college.html?module=inline\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America Isn’t Really Set Up For Third-Party Presidential Bids (FiveThirtyEight) \u003ca href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/america-isnt-really-set-up-for-third-party-presidential-bids/\">https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/america-isnt-really-set-up-for-third-party-presidential-bids/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Electoral Votes Were Weighted by State Population Alone: Trump 303, Clinton 235 (270towin)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.270towin.com/news/2017/01/24/if-electoral-votes-were-weighted-by-state-population-alone-trump-303-clinton-235_442.html#.XZudTudKgUF\">https://www.270towin.com/news/2017/01/24/if-electoral-votes-were-weighted-by-state-population-alone-trump-303-clinton-235_442.html#.XZudTudKgUF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (National Popular Vote)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpopularvote.com/written-explanation\">https://www.nationalpopularvote.com/written-explanation\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuzzy Math: Wrong Way Reforms for Allocating Electoral Votes (FairVote) \u003ca href=\"https://www.fairvote.org/fuzzy-math\">https://www.fairvote.org/fuzzy-math\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With a new presidential election coming up, there’s lots of chatter about the value of the electoral college. What are the arguments on both sides?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There have been five times in U.S. history where the person who became president lost the popular vote, but won the electoral vote. And two of those times were just in the last 20 years. This past electoral season, there has been a lot of chatter about the value of the Electoral College with critics asking: is it time to get rid of the this institution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/is-the-electoral-college-killing-democracy-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Electoral College?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Electoral College is the process we use to vote for our president here in America. When you go and cast your vote, you’re not really voting for the president, you’re actually voting for electors, who then go and vote for the president. There are a total of 538 electors. Each state (and the District of Columbia) gets at least three, and then the rest are based on the state’s population size, which is determined every 10 years by the U.S. census. In most states, it’s winner takes all. This means that the party that wins the state’s popular vote sends all of their electors to cast votes to elect the president. But there are two states, Nebraska and Maine, that divide up their electoral votes based on who won the popular vote in each congressional district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why does the U.S. have an Electoral College?\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBack in 1787, the founding fathers met in Philadelphia at the constitutional convention to figure out the major laws for how the U.S. government was going to run. Out of that came the U.S. Constitution. One of the most hotly contested topics was how we elect our president. On the one hand you had the Federalists, who thought Congress should elect the president, and on the other you had those who thought the president should be elected by popular vote. But both were a little problematic. If Congress elected the president then Congress would have way too much power and be vulnerable to corruption. But if it was left up to purely the popular vote, there were fears about what would happen, considering there were a lot of people who couldn’t read or write and were uneducated. Their big compromise? The Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arguments for getting rid of the Electoral College\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany critics argue that the electoral college is outdated and doesn’t accurately represent the voice of the people. It’s the reason why people say votes in more populated states count less. People also argue that the Electoral College gives way too much power to people who live in swing states, and that the Electoral College makes it harder for third party candidates to win a presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arguments for keeping the Electoral College\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters of this institution say that it is a fundamental part of America’s checks and balances on government power. They often say that the Electoral College is key to federalist philosophy — which divides power between the federal and state governments and helps avoid an overly strong central government. They also argue that this is the best way to ensure that politicians pay attention to the needs of people living in smaller, more rural states instead of only the most populated cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SELECTED SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat is the electoral college? (National Archives and Records Administration)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html\">https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/about.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why was the electoral college created? (History.com)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/news/electoral-college-founding-fathers-constitutional-convention\">https://www.history.com/news/electoral-college-founding-fathers-constitutional-convention\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Electoral College Top 3 Pro and Cons (ProCon.org)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.procon.org/headline.php?headlineID=005330\">https://www.procon.org/headline.php?headlineID=005330\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opinion: Getting Rid of the Electoral College Isn’t Just About Trump (New York Times) \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/opinion/electoral-college-warren-trump.html?module=inline\">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/opinion/electoral-college-warren-trump.html?module=inline\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opinion: A Case for the Electoral College (New York Times)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/23/opinion/electoral-college.html?module=inline\">https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/23/opinion/electoral-college.html?module=inline\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America Isn’t Really Set Up For Third-Party Presidential Bids (FiveThirtyEight) \u003ca href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/america-isnt-really-set-up-for-third-party-presidential-bids/\">https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/america-isnt-really-set-up-for-third-party-presidential-bids/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Electoral Votes Were Weighted by State Population Alone: Trump 303, Clinton 235 (270towin)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.270towin.com/news/2017/01/24/if-electoral-votes-were-weighted-by-state-population-alone-trump-303-clinton-235_442.html#.XZudTudKgUF\">https://www.270towin.com/news/2017/01/24/if-electoral-votes-were-weighted-by-state-population-alone-trump-303-clinton-235_442.html#.XZudTudKgUF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote (National Popular Vote)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalpopularvote.com/written-explanation\">https://www.nationalpopularvote.com/written-explanation\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuzzy Math: Wrong Way Reforms for Allocating Electoral Votes (FairVote) \u003ca href=\"https://www.fairvote.org/fuzzy-math\">https://www.fairvote.org/fuzzy-math\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Zoos are great, right? You get to be up close and personal with some amazing animals that you’d pretty much never get to see in the wild. Clearly, zoos are a win for people. But when it comes to the animals, zoos might cause more harm than good. Should zoos exist?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/should-zoos-exist-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>How did zoos become a thing?\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nHumans have been capturing and displaying exotic animals for thousands of years. The earliest known collections date back to 3500 BCE in Egypt, where rulers kept hippos, elephants, baboons, and different species of large cats. Now back then, that didn’t mean that your average Egyptian could go check any of that awesomeness out. These early zoos were really just a way for kings to flex on other kings. Modern zoos, where the public can come and watch animals exhibiting their natural behavior, didn’t really become a thing until the early 1800s. The longest continuously operating zoo in the world is the Vienna Zoo, which has been going strong for more than 260 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>What are the arguments in favor of having zoos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nZoos may be great entertainment, but their big goal is to educate the public about wildlife and what we can do to protect them. Zoo animals are sort of like ambassadors for their counterparts in the wild. Zoos also contribute to scientific research. “Zoo” is short for zoological park, and zoology is the scientific study of animal biology and behavior. In addition, zoos work really hard to save animals that are threatened in the wild. Zoos can take at-risk animals, breed them in captivity, and then reintroduce them back into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>What are the arguments for NOT having zoos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nZoos have their problems. Not all zoos are created equal. Some are clean and well staffed, others aren’t. There are some in the richest cities in the world, and there are some in conflict zones. What this means is that not all zoos have the resources to properly care for the animals they house. And for many critics, no amount of education or research justifies keeping animals captive. That captivity can be REALLY bad for both physical AND psychological health. And while zoos have been really helpful is saving endangered animals, it doesn’t work out for certain species. For example, most large carnivores like lions and tigers that are bred in captivity die when released into the wild. It turns out that they haven’t developed the natural behaviors they need when they’re out on their own and have to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDo we need zoos? (The Atlantic)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/06/harambe-zoo/485084/\">https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/06/harambe-zoo/485084/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why zoos are good (The Guardian)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/lost-worlds/2014/aug/19/why-zoos-are-good\">https://www.theguardian.com/science/lost-worlds/2014/aug/19/why-zoos-are-good\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case for the end of the modern zoo (New York Magazine)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/case-for-the-end-of-the-modern-zoo.html?gtm=bottom\">http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/case-for-the-end-of-the-modern-zoo.html?gtm=bottom\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoos and their discontents (New York Times Magazine)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/magazine/zoo-animals-and-their-discontents.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/magazine/zoo-animals-and-their-discontents.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stress and lack of exercise are killing elephants, zoos warned (The Guardian)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/dec/12/elephants-animal-welfare\">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/dec/12/elephants-animal-welfa\u003c/a>re\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Captive-Born Predators Die If Released (National Geographic)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2008/01/predators-captivity-habitat-animals/\">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2008/01/predators-captivity-habitat-animals/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captive Breeding Success Stories (PBS)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/the-loneliest-animals-captive-breeding-success-stories/4920/\">https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/the-loneliest-animals-captive-breeding-success-stories/4920/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the contribution of zoos and aquariums to peer-reviewed scientific research (Facets Journal)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/facets-2017-0083\">https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/facets-2017-0083\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evaluating the contribution of zoos and aquariums (Conservation Biology)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/jensen/ericjensen/moss_jensen_and_gusset_2015-evaluating_the_contribution_of_zoos_and_aquariums_to_aichi_biodiversity_target_1_final_published_version.pdf\">https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/jensen/ericjensen/moss_jensen_and_gusset_2015-evaluating_the_contribution_of_zoos_and_aquariums_to_aichi_biodiversity_target_1_final_published_version.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Zoos are great, right? You get to be up close and personal with some amazing animals that you’d pretty much never get to see in the wild. Clearly, zoos are a win for people. But when it comes to the animals, zoos might cause more harm than good. Should zoos exist?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/should-zoos-exist-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>How did zoos become a thing?\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nHumans have been capturing and displaying exotic animals for thousands of years. The earliest known collections date back to 3500 BCE in Egypt, where rulers kept hippos, elephants, baboons, and different species of large cats. Now back then, that didn’t mean that your average Egyptian could go check any of that awesomeness out. These early zoos were really just a way for kings to flex on other kings. Modern zoos, where the public can come and watch animals exhibiting their natural behavior, didn’t really become a thing until the early 1800s. The longest continuously operating zoo in the world is the Vienna Zoo, which has been going strong for more than 260 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>What are the arguments in favor of having zoos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nZoos may be great entertainment, but their big goal is to educate the public about wildlife and what we can do to protect them. Zoo animals are sort of like ambassadors for their counterparts in the wild. Zoos also contribute to scientific research. “Zoo” is short for zoological park, and zoology is the scientific study of animal biology and behavior. In addition, zoos work really hard to save animals that are threatened in the wild. Zoos can take at-risk animals, breed them in captivity, and then reintroduce them back into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>What are the arguments for NOT having zoos?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nZoos have their problems. Not all zoos are created equal. Some are clean and well staffed, others aren’t. There are some in the richest cities in the world, and there are some in conflict zones. What this means is that not all zoos have the resources to properly care for the animals they house. And for many critics, no amount of education or research justifies keeping animals captive. That captivity can be REALLY bad for both physical AND psychological health. And while zoos have been really helpful is saving endangered animals, it doesn’t work out for certain species. For example, most large carnivores like lions and tigers that are bred in captivity die when released into the wild. It turns out that they haven’t developed the natural behaviors they need when they’re out on their own and have to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDo we need zoos? (The Atlantic)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/06/harambe-zoo/485084/\">https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/06/harambe-zoo/485084/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why zoos are good (The Guardian)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/lost-worlds/2014/aug/19/why-zoos-are-good\">https://www.theguardian.com/science/lost-worlds/2014/aug/19/why-zoos-are-good\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case for the end of the modern zoo (New York Magazine)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/case-for-the-end-of-the-modern-zoo.html?gtm=bottom\">http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/07/case-for-the-end-of-the-modern-zoo.html?gtm=bottom\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoos and their discontents (New York Times Magazine)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/magazine/zoo-animals-and-their-discontents.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/magazine/zoo-animals-and-their-discontents.html\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stress and lack of exercise are killing elephants, zoos warned (The Guardian)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/dec/12/elephants-animal-welfare\">https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/dec/12/elephants-animal-welfa\u003c/a>re\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Captive-Born Predators Die If Released (National Geographic)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2008/01/predators-captivity-habitat-animals/\">https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2008/01/predators-captivity-habitat-animals/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captive Breeding Success Stories (PBS)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/the-loneliest-animals-captive-breeding-success-stories/4920/\">https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/the-loneliest-animals-captive-breeding-success-stories/4920/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the contribution of zoos and aquariums to peer-reviewed scientific research (Facets Journal)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/facets-2017-0083\">https://www.facetsjournal.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/facets-2017-0083\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evaluating the contribution of zoos and aquariums (Conservation Biology)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/jensen/ericjensen/moss_jensen_and_gusset_2015-evaluating_the_contribution_of_zoos_and_aquariums_to_aichi_biodiversity_target_1_final_published_version.pdf\">https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/sociology/staff/jensen/ericjensen/moss_jensen_and_gusset_2015-evaluating_the_contribution_of_zoos_and_aquariums_to_aichi_biodiversity_target_1_final_published_version.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Plastic bottles are EVERYWHERE and are a big source of pollution. But banning them might create another problem for the environment. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/banning-plastic-bottles-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did plastic bottles become such a problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early forms of plastic have existed since the mid-1800s. But when WWII came along, scientists diverted all their plastic technology to help with the war effort. So after the war, all this plastic needed to go somewhere, so why not the American consumer? What we got was a plastic explosion, and it’s never really stopped. That’s why today, it’s estimated that humans have created over 8 BILLION tons of plastic, most of which still exist. See, plastic doesn’t ever really break down completely or biodegrade — it just breaks apart into smaller and smaller pieces over time. These tiny bits of plastic make their way into oceans, creating a plastic soup of pollution that can get into the bellies of all kinds of marine animals like fish, pelicans, and turtles. Some research studies predict that by 2050, pound for pound, plastics in the oceans will outweigh all the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the pros and cons around banning plastic bottles?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70% of plastic water bottles bought in the U.S. are not recycled, and so end up in the oceans. On top of that, plastic bottles are made from fossil fuels. In fact, the Pacific Institute found that it took about 17 million barrels of oil to produce enough plastic for the bottles of water consumed by Americans in 2006. And since then, consumption has increased by 65%, meaning Americans need over 28 million barrels of oil to fuel their plastic water bottle needs for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But banning plastic bottles altogether can have unintended consequences. After the University of Vermont instituted their ban on selling single-use plastic water bottles on campus, total shipments of all plastic bottles actually INCREASED 20 percent as people bought OTHER plastic bottle beverages like soda and juice instead. And switching to alternatives like glass or metal containers can require more energy to transport because they weigh more. That means burning more fossil fuels and creating more pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/05/plastics-facts-infographics-ocean-pollution/\">Fast Facts About Plastic Pollution (National Geographic)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180705-whats-the-real-price-of-getting-rid-of-plastic-packaging\">What’s the real price of getting rid of plastic packaging? (BBC)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/28/a-million-a-minute-worlds-plastic-bottle-binge-as-dangerous-as-climate-change\">A million bottles a minute (The Guardian)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Reports-and-Publications/National-Post-Consumer-Plastics-Bottle-Recycling-Report.pdf\">2017 United States National Postconsumer Plastic Bottle Recycling Report\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/environmental-impact-of-corn-based-plastics/\">The environmental impact of corn-based plastic (Scientific American)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/michigan/articles/2018-08-20/key-moments-in-lead-in-water-crisis-in-flint-michigan\">Key moments in lead in water crisis in Flint, Michigan (US News)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/environment-and-natural-resources/plastic-bag-legislation.aspx\">State Plastic and Paper Bag Legislation\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Plastic bottles are EVERYWHERE and are a big source of pollution. But banning them might create another problem for the environment. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/banning-plastic-bottles-video/above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did plastic bottles become such a problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early forms of plastic have existed since the mid-1800s. But when WWII came along, scientists diverted all their plastic technology to help with the war effort. So after the war, all this plastic needed to go somewhere, so why not the American consumer? What we got was a plastic explosion, and it’s never really stopped. That’s why today, it’s estimated that humans have created over 8 BILLION tons of plastic, most of which still exist. See, plastic doesn’t ever really break down completely or biodegrade — it just breaks apart into smaller and smaller pieces over time. These tiny bits of plastic make their way into oceans, creating a plastic soup of pollution that can get into the bellies of all kinds of marine animals like fish, pelicans, and turtles. Some research studies predict that by 2050, pound for pound, plastics in the oceans will outweigh all the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the pros and cons around banning plastic bottles?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70% of plastic water bottles bought in the U.S. are not recycled, and so end up in the oceans. On top of that, plastic bottles are made from fossil fuels. In fact, the Pacific Institute found that it took about 17 million barrels of oil to produce enough plastic for the bottles of water consumed by Americans in 2006. And since then, consumption has increased by 65%, meaning Americans need over 28 million barrels of oil to fuel their plastic water bottle needs for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But banning plastic bottles altogether can have unintended consequences. After the University of Vermont instituted their ban on selling single-use plastic water bottles on campus, total shipments of all plastic bottles actually INCREASED 20 percent as people bought OTHER plastic bottle beverages like soda and juice instead. And switching to alternatives like glass or metal containers can require more energy to transport because they weigh more. That means burning more fossil fuels and creating more pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/05/plastics-facts-infographics-ocean-pollution/\">Fast Facts About Plastic Pollution (National Geographic)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180705-whats-the-real-price-of-getting-rid-of-plastic-packaging\">What’s the real price of getting rid of plastic packaging? (BBC)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/28/a-million-a-minute-worlds-plastic-bottle-binge-as-dangerous-as-climate-change\">A million bottles a minute (The Guardian)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Reports-and-Publications/National-Post-Consumer-Plastics-Bottle-Recycling-Report.pdf\">2017 United States National Postconsumer Plastic Bottle Recycling Report\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/environmental-impact-of-corn-based-plastics/\">The environmental impact of corn-based plastic (Scientific American)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/michigan/articles/2018-08-20/key-moments-in-lead-in-water-crisis-in-flint-michigan\">Key moments in lead in water crisis in Flint, Michigan (US News)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/environment-and-natural-resources/plastic-bag-legislation.aspx\">State Plastic and Paper Bag Legislation\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is the Internet Making You Meaner?",
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"content": "\u003cp>If the Internet’s making you feel meaner, you’re not imagining it. People really do act differently online than they do in person. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/internet-making-you-meaner-above-the-noise/internet-making-you-meaner-above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do people act differently online than they do in person?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. This phenomenon is known as the online disinhibition effect. Essentially, being online lowers your inhibitions. This often results in people either behaving meaner, or opening up more online than they normally would in face to face conversations. When people act meaner online it can lead to hostile online environments. This is what researchers call “toxic disinhibition.” Conversely, when people open up more freely online than in person– they can often feel more connected to online users, which creates a supportive online environment. Researchers call this “benign disinhibition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why are people meaner online than they are in person?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People aren’t always meaner online than in person, but according to the online disinhibition effect people can act differently online. The most common ways people act differently is by either being meaner or opening up more. According to a paper published in 2004 by psychologist John Suler, there are about 6 main reasons people act differently online. First, if you’re anonymous online you feel less accountable for your actions and less vulnerable when it comes to opening up about personal things. Additionally, online you’re often “invisible” so you don’t have to worry about body language and tone– and you can easily misrepresent yourself. With online communication there is usually a lag-time between when you post something and when you get a response, so it’s easy to just post something and bounce without thinking about the consequences. Online, we also tend to attribute voices and imagined characteristics to written text based on our own expectations and not necessarily on the actual intended meaning/ tone of the text, which can lead people to act differently than they might in person. People also tend to view online more as a game, where real life rules don’t necessarily apply. And finally, authority figures aren’t as big of a deal online– online, people pretty much feel and act as equals, which can lead people to act differently than they normally would offline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30420106/suler.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_online_disinhibition_effect.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%2F20190726%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20190726T235617Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=06fc23dc049a34e11053da8e98a6c22738a851da00ac5bb503b26c656a3dc9bc\">The Online Disinhibition Effect (CyberPsychology & Behavior)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074756321500268X\">Individual and social benefits of online discussion forums (Computers in Human Behavior)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewinternet.org/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/\">Online Harassment 2017 (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/09/27/a-majority-of-teens-have-experienced-some-form-of-cyberbullying/\">A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.01119.pdf\">Anyone Can Become A Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussions (CSCW 2017)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/behind-online-behavior/201408/the-psychology-behind-social-media-interactions\">The Psychology Behind Social Media Interactions (Psychology Today)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-is-everyone-on-the-internet-so-angry/?redirect=1\">Why Is Everyone on the Internet So Angry (Scientific American)\\\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283587/\">Technology addiction’s contribution to mental wellbeing: The positive effect of online social capital (Computer Human Behavior)\\\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If the Internet’s making you feel meaner, you’re not imagining it. People really do act differently online than they do in person. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/internet-making-you-meaner-above-the-noise/internet-making-you-meaner-above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do people act differently online than they do in person?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. This phenomenon is known as the online disinhibition effect. Essentially, being online lowers your inhibitions. This often results in people either behaving meaner, or opening up more online than they normally would in face to face conversations. When people act meaner online it can lead to hostile online environments. This is what researchers call “toxic disinhibition.” Conversely, when people open up more freely online than in person– they can often feel more connected to online users, which creates a supportive online environment. Researchers call this “benign disinhibition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why are people meaner online than they are in person?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People aren’t always meaner online than in person, but according to the online disinhibition effect people can act differently online. The most common ways people act differently is by either being meaner or opening up more. According to a paper published in 2004 by psychologist John Suler, there are about 6 main reasons people act differently online. First, if you’re anonymous online you feel less accountable for your actions and less vulnerable when it comes to opening up about personal things. Additionally, online you’re often “invisible” so you don’t have to worry about body language and tone– and you can easily misrepresent yourself. With online communication there is usually a lag-time between when you post something and when you get a response, so it’s easy to just post something and bounce without thinking about the consequences. Online, we also tend to attribute voices and imagined characteristics to written text based on our own expectations and not necessarily on the actual intended meaning/ tone of the text, which can lead people to act differently than they might in person. People also tend to view online more as a game, where real life rules don’t necessarily apply. And finally, authority figures aren’t as big of a deal online– online, people pretty much feel and act as equals, which can lead people to act differently than they normally would offline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices.\u003cbr>\nKQED Learn: \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/37\">https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/37\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What percentage of 11 and 12 year olds have social media?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 20% of kids between 8-12 years old, are using social media — despite rules on most platforms that require users to be at least 13 to create an account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is the age limit for Social Media 13?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress passed a law called the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in 1998 due to concerns about companies or other random people online collecting information from kids–like their name, phone number–and later photos and location–without parents’ knowledge. The law considered children a “vulnerable” group that should be protected from data mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does social media negatively affect youth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that most kids start experimenting with sharing their own data online when they’re 11 to 13, but don’t start to understand the risks and the consequences of what they do online until they are 14 to 16. If kids are active online, they have more chances of experiencing online predators, identity theft, cyberbullying, and people accessing their personal information. Another study found that kids’ brains are still developing and highly sensitive to acceptance and rejection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does social media positively affect youth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some research shows that social media can make young teens feel more confident and less lonely and depressed. They can use social media to find support for everything from organizing around a cause to dealing with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-produced with Common Sense Education @CommonSenseEd\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship\">https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03126-x\">Media use and brain development during adolescence.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://Development.https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/Supplement_2/S127\">Digital Media, Participatory Politics, and Positive Youth\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42153694\">Under-age social media use ‘on the rise’\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.spsp.org/news-center/press-releases/declining-loneliness-among-american-teenagers\">Declining Loneliness Among American Teenagers\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/07/us/parkland-students-social-media.html\">How the Parkland students got so good at social media.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-wealth/201703/why-social-media-is-not-smart-middle-school-kids\">Why social media is not smart for middle school kids.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/business/media/social-media-influencers-kids.html\">Online and making thousands, at age 4: Meet the Kidfluencers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/2018_cs_socialmediasociallife_fullreport-final-release_2_lowres.pdf\">Social Media, Social Life: Teens Reveal Their Experiences.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/62129/1/Developing%20social%20media%20literacy.pdf\">Developing social media literacy: how children learn to interpret risky opportunities on social network site\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/11/28/teens-friendships-and-online-groups/\">Teens, friendships and online groups.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2011.1959\">Online social network size is reflected in human brain structure.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811910012656?via%3Dihub\">Developmental influences on the neural bases of responses to social rejection: Implications of social neuroscience for education\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17482798.2015.1124796?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\">What kind of adults will our children become? The impact of growing up in a media-saturated world. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices.\u003cbr>\nKQED Learn: \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/37\">https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/37\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What percentage of 11 and 12 year olds have social media?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 20% of kids between 8-12 years old, are using social media — despite rules on most platforms that require users to be at least 13 to create an account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is the age limit for Social Media 13?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress passed a law called the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in 1998 due to concerns about companies or other random people online collecting information from kids–like their name, phone number–and later photos and location–without parents’ knowledge. The law considered children a “vulnerable” group that should be protected from data mining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does social media negatively affect youth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that most kids start experimenting with sharing their own data online when they’re 11 to 13, but don’t start to understand the risks and the consequences of what they do online until they are 14 to 16. If kids are active online, they have more chances of experiencing online predators, identity theft, cyberbullying, and people accessing their personal information. Another study found that kids’ brains are still developing and highly sensitive to acceptance and rejection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How does social media positively affect youth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some research shows that social media can make young teens feel more confident and less lonely and depressed. They can use social media to find support for everything from organizing around a cause to dealing with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-produced with Common Sense Education @CommonSenseEd\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship\">https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03126-x\">Media use and brain development during adolescence.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://Development.https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/Supplement_2/S127\">Digital Media, Participatory Politics, and Positive Youth\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42153694\">Under-age social media use ‘on the rise’\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841\">Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.spsp.org/news-center/press-releases/declining-loneliness-among-american-teenagers\">Declining Loneliness Among American Teenagers\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/07/us/parkland-students-social-media.html\">How the Parkland students got so good at social media.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-wealth/201703/why-social-media-is-not-smart-middle-school-kids\">Why social media is not smart for middle school kids.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/business/media/social-media-influencers-kids.html\">Online and making thousands, at age 4: Meet the Kidfluencers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/2018_cs_socialmediasociallife_fullreport-final-release_2_lowres.pdf\">Social Media, Social Life: Teens Reveal Their Experiences.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/62129/1/Developing%20social%20media%20literacy.pdf\">Developing social media literacy: how children learn to interpret risky opportunities on social network site\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/11/28/teens-friendships-and-online-groups/\">Teens, friendships and online groups.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2011.1959\">Online social network size is reflected in human brain structure.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811910012656?via%3Dihub\">Developmental influences on the neural bases of responses to social rejection: Implications of social neuroscience for education\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17482798.2015.1124796?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\">What kind of adults will our children become? The impact of growing up in a media-saturated world. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even by conservative estimates, the average American spends over 6 hours per day staring at a screen. That’s a lot of time. What does the scientific research say about it? Is it good or bad for us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Guide your students to practice civil discourse about current topics and get practice writing CER (claim, evidence, reasoning) responses. \u003ca href=\"https://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/screen-time-above-the-noise/screen-time-above-the-noise/\">Explore lesson supports.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do we mean by the term “screen time”, exactly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Screen time” as a term isn’t that useful, because it doesn’t really tell you what you’re doing on screen. It’s kind of like if someone asks you what you had for lunch, and you say “food” — that doesn’t provide any real info. And not all screen time is created equal. Context matters. Spending 4 hours creating a video for YouTube is WAY different than spending 4 hours watching cat videos. How you feel about and how you process each of those situations won’t be the same, so lumping them all under “screen time” doesn’t make much sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So is screen time good or bad for us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our digital lives can take a physical toll on us — multiple studies have shown that excess screen time can lead to bad sleep. And some researchers even use the term “addiction” when talking about how we interact with our devices, although there’s a lot of debate on whether or not screen time can be a bona fide addiction like gambling. And there is some research that found that the more time people spent in front of screens, the more it affected their well-being — their chances of developing depression and suicidal thoughts went up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, screens allow us to stay connected with people. Sure, some people have to deal with feeling overwhelmed because of drama or feeling pressure to only post a highlight reel of themselves to make them look good to others. But, in many studies, a majority of teens say that social media “mainly helps” the relationships they already have with their friends. And when you look at stuff like multiplayer video games, Twitch streams, or Reddit, wandering around online allows you to find your “tribe”. If you don’t quite fit in where you live, or you live in a small or isolated community, QUALITY screen time might be essential to keeping you sane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/census_researchreport.pdf\">Media Use By Tweens and Teens (Common Sense)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07503-w\">Searching for digital technology’s effects on well-being (Nature)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/\">Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018 (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a21a88bcd39c3ec782756ed/t/5af5e61c758d46b9d4e9db7a/1526064668631/suicidio2167702617723376.pdf\">Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time (Clinical Psychological Science)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-kids-who-use-tech-seem-to-be-all-right/\">The Kids (Who Use Tech) Seem to Be All Right (Scientific American)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gwern.net/docs/psychology/2019-orben.pdf\">The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use (Nature Human Behaviour)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ppw.kuleuven.be/okp/_pdf/Verduyn2015PFUUA.pdf\">Passive Facebook Usage Undermines Affective Well-Being (Journal of Experimental Psychology)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841&type=printable\">Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults (PLoS One)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/140/Supplement_2/S71.full.pdf\">Digital Life and Youth Wellbeing, Social Connectedness, Empathy, and Narcissism (Pediatrics)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, screens allow us to stay connected with people. Sure, some people have to deal with feeling overwhelmed because of drama or feeling pressure to only post a highlight reel of themselves to make them look good to others. But, in many studies, a majority of teens say that social media “mainly helps” the relationships they already have with their friends. And when you look at stuff like multiplayer video games, Twitch streams, or Reddit, wandering around online allows you to find your “tribe”. If you don’t quite fit in where you live, or you live in a small or isolated community, QUALITY screen time might be essential to keeping you sane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/census_researchreport.pdf\">Media Use By Tweens and Teens (Common Sense)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07503-w\">Searching for digital technology’s effects on well-being (Nature)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/\">Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018 (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a21a88bcd39c3ec782756ed/t/5af5e61c758d46b9d4e9db7a/1526064668631/suicidio2167702617723376.pdf\">Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time (Clinical Psychological Science)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-kids-who-use-tech-seem-to-be-all-right/\">The Kids (Who Use Tech) Seem to Be All Right (Scientific American)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gwern.net/docs/psychology/2019-orben.pdf\">The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use (Nature Human Behaviour)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ppw.kuleuven.be/okp/_pdf/Verduyn2015PFUUA.pdf\">Passive Facebook Usage Undermines Affective Well-Being (Journal of Experimental Psychology)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0069841&type=printable\">Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults (PLoS One)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/140/Supplement_2/S71.full.pdf\">Digital Life and Youth Wellbeing, Social Connectedness, Empathy, and Narcissism (Pediatrics)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We all know how easy it is to spend hours watching videos on YouTube. Why do we go down that rabbit hole? Mostly because of a combination of computer programming and marketing know-how called ALGORITHMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Bring \u003ci>Above the Noise\u003c/i> into your middle or high school classroom with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LKc-PN6_Wjty3XBgV3RBJLd1KGg6Zaq4dXpybKzhmf0/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">free lesson plans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/17c6fTzri5CGd08pRUOpZgG3P_ZaWsbAnvr0rd2ASWDk/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing guide\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WqGJcUMlTkmI2Xb5jpFKv7mubhFWw0wZ0uqDj-r8gVA/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glossary of terms\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_j_sQprpIMs1f33lIZfnirnqMQ84_y3ZvVtu4_PRX28/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcripts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are algorithms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algorithms are sets of instructions (created by people) that decide what content you see, and the order it’s listed, when you search online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do recommendation algorithms work on YouTube?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube’s algorithm captures data about videos you watch, including how long you watch. They recommend other videos based on that viewing history. They optimize advertising by selling this data to companies so they can better target you for their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do these algorithms play a role in spreading misinformation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital platforms like YouTube are the gatekeepers of information, whether they intended to be or not. And media-savvy con artists and extremists groups—like conspiracy theorists and white supremacists—can take advantage of YouTube’s algorithms to push their agendas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are data voids?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Propagandists often take advantage of a lack of content on a certain topic—a “data void.” This happens a lot with breaking news. It takes time for legit media outlets to fact-check and verify events and create content. Until then, Youtube will often only have false or misleading information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can I do to avoid falling for misinformation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more precise you are with search keywords, the more likely you are to get relevant information. If your results look suspicious or click-baity, you might be in a data void. YouTube can be a good place to start your research, but you should use a wider range of sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://datasociety.net/output/data-voids-where-missing-data-can-easily-be-exploited/\">“Data Voids: Where Missing Data Can Easily Be Exploited,”by Michael Golebiewski, Microsoft Bing and danah boyd, Data & Society\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html\">“Caleb Cain was a college dropout looking for direction. He turned to YouTube.” (The New York Times)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/05/business/youtube-remove-extremist-videos.html?emc=edit_na_20190605&ref=headline&nl=breaking-news\">“YouTube to Remove Thousands of Videos Pushing Extreme Views” (The New York Times)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/after-new-zealand-massacre-youtubes-algorithm-is-still-promoting-islamophobic-videos_n_5c8d24d6e4b03e83bdc18529\">“After New Zealand Massacre, YouTube’s Algorithm Still Promotes Islamophobic Videos” (Huffington Post)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolineodonovan/down-youtubes-recommendation-rabbithole\">“We Followed YouTube’s Recommendation Algorithm Down The Rabbit Hole” (Buzzfeed)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.journalism.org/2018/09/10/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2018/\">“News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2018” (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/10/share-of-u-s-adults-using-social-media-including-facebook-is-mostly-unchanged-since-2018/\">“Share of U.S. adults using social media, including Facebook, is mostly unchanged since 2018” (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/613083/deepmind-is-asking-how-google-helped-turn-the-internet-into-an-echo-chamber/\">“DeepMind is asking how AI helped turn the internet into an echo chamber” (MIT Technology Review)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/02/how-youtubes-algorithm-distorts-truth\">“’Fiction is outperforming reality’: how YouTube’s algorithm distorts truth” (Guardian)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/opinion/sunday/youtube-politics-radical.html\">“YouTube, the Great Radicalizer” (New York Times Op Ed)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We all know how easy it is to spend hours watching videos on YouTube. Why do we go down that rabbit hole? Mostly because of a combination of computer programming and marketing know-how called ALGORITHMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Bring \u003ci>Above the Noise\u003c/i> into your middle or high school classroom with \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LKc-PN6_Wjty3XBgV3RBJLd1KGg6Zaq4dXpybKzhmf0/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">free lesson plans\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/17c6fTzri5CGd08pRUOpZgG3P_ZaWsbAnvr0rd2ASWDk/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing guide\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WqGJcUMlTkmI2Xb5jpFKv7mubhFWw0wZ0uqDj-r8gVA/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glossary of terms\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_j_sQprpIMs1f33lIZfnirnqMQ84_y3ZvVtu4_PRX28/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcripts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are algorithms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algorithms are sets of instructions (created by people) that decide what content you see, and the order it’s listed, when you search online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do recommendation algorithms work on YouTube?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube’s algorithm captures data about videos you watch, including how long you watch. They recommend other videos based on that viewing history. They optimize advertising by selling this data to companies so they can better target you for their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do these algorithms play a role in spreading misinformation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital platforms like YouTube are the gatekeepers of information, whether they intended to be or not. And media-savvy con artists and extremists groups—like conspiracy theorists and white supremacists—can take advantage of YouTube’s algorithms to push their agendas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are data voids?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Propagandists often take advantage of a lack of content on a certain topic—a “data void.” This happens a lot with breaking news. It takes time for legit media outlets to fact-check and verify events and create content. Until then, Youtube will often only have false or misleading information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can I do to avoid falling for misinformation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more precise you are with search keywords, the more likely you are to get relevant information. If your results look suspicious or click-baity, you might be in a data void. YouTube can be a good place to start your research, but you should use a wider range of sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SOURCES:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://datasociety.net/output/data-voids-where-missing-data-can-easily-be-exploited/\">“Data Voids: Where Missing Data Can Easily Be Exploited,”by Michael Golebiewski, Microsoft Bing and danah boyd, Data & Society\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html\">“Caleb Cain was a college dropout looking for direction. He turned to YouTube.” (The New York Times)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/05/business/youtube-remove-extremist-videos.html?emc=edit_na_20190605&ref=headline&nl=breaking-news\">“YouTube to Remove Thousands of Videos Pushing Extreme Views” (The New York Times)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/after-new-zealand-massacre-youtubes-algorithm-is-still-promoting-islamophobic-videos_n_5c8d24d6e4b03e83bdc18529\">“After New Zealand Massacre, YouTube’s Algorithm Still Promotes Islamophobic Videos” (Huffington Post)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/carolineodonovan/down-youtubes-recommendation-rabbithole\">“We Followed YouTube’s Recommendation Algorithm Down The Rabbit Hole” (Buzzfeed)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.journalism.org/2018/09/10/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2018/\">“News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2018” (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/10/share-of-u-s-adults-using-social-media-including-facebook-is-mostly-unchanged-since-2018/\">“Share of U.S. adults using social media, including Facebook, is mostly unchanged since 2018” (Pew Research Center)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/613083/deepmind-is-asking-how-google-helped-turn-the-internet-into-an-echo-chamber/\">“DeepMind is asking how AI helped turn the internet into an echo chamber” (MIT Technology Review)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/02/how-youtubes-algorithm-distorts-truth\">“’Fiction is outperforming reality’: how YouTube’s algorithm distorts truth” (Guardian)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/10/opinion/sunday/youtube-politics-radical.html\">“YouTube, the Great Radicalizer” (New York Times Op Ed)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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