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"title": "Is Your House at Risk of a Wildfire? This Online Tool Could Tell You",
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"content": "\u003cp>For more than 50 years, anyone buying or renting a house could look up how vulnerable it is to flooding. But for wildfire risk, homeowners were mostly in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with thousands of homes destroyed by wildfires every year, most people who move \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/924507691/millions-of-homes-are-at-risk-of-wildfires-but-its-rarely-disclosed\">receive little or no information\u003c/a> about the risk they’re taking on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a non-profit research group is releasing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskfactor.com/\">first-of-its-kind tool for homeowners\u003c/a>. Produced by First Street Foundation, the ratings tool shows the wildfire risk for properties across the lower 48 states, and shows how that risk will change as the climate gets hotter. The information will be shown on Realtor.com, expanding to other real estate sites later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The information fills a gap left by government. Only a handful of states have mapped where communities are most at risk to wildfire. \u003ca href=\"https://wildfirerisk.org/\">Federal maps\u003c/a> from the U.S. Forest Service aren’t meant to be used for individual properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing about wildfire risk may not necessarily dissuade buyers, especially where housing is in short supply. But wildfire experts say that there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.readyforwildfire.org/prepare-for-wildfire/get-ready/\">many steps homeowners can still take\u003c/a> to make their homes safer, like trimming back flammable vegetation and using fire-resistant building materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to be able to stop all wildfires,” says Kelly Pohl, associate director of Headwaters Economics, a land use think tank. “We have a lot of work to do and understanding where a hazard is, across the landscape and to individual homes, is the first step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>In a bidding war, it’s easy to forget\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Tom Grossman got a tough assignment. The Oakland hills firestorm hit the Bay Area, destroying more than 3,000 homes. Grossman’s search and rescue team was called in to systematically comb through the area, looking for human remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like a war zone,” Grossmans says. “It’s flattened. Everything is burned. Everything you’re used to is destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rubble, his team found people who didn’t make it. Twenty-five people died in the fire, many as they were trying to escape down narrow, winding roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two decades later, Grossman was on the hunt for a new home in the Oakland Hills, navigating the Bay Area’s hyper-competitive housing market. After bidding on several and losing out, he and his spouse finally closed on a house. It sits on a tree-covered hillside, just a few miles from where the Oakland fire burned. But that didn’t cross Grossman’s mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We totally didn’t make that connection,” he says. “We were just going: another freaking bidding war!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other homeowners and renters around the country, Grossman received little information about the dangers of wildfires in the process of deciding where to move. California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/924507691/millions-of-homes-are-at-risk-of-wildfires-but-its-rarely-disclosed\">one of the few states requiring that wildfire risk be disclosed\u003c/a> during a home sale, but the one-page form is easily overlooked in the piles of papers that home buyers have to review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just pages and pages and pages of boring legalese and minutiae,” Grossman says. “And what’s important gets lost in the blur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wildfire risk ratings, now next to remodeled kitchen photos\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First Street Foundation set out to map wildfire risk after releasing \u003ca href=\"https://floodfactor.com/\">similar home ratings for flooding\u003c/a>, which currently appear on Redfin and Realtor.com. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskfactor.com/\">wildfire ratings\u003c/a>, ranked one through 10, take climate change into account, which is fueling the extreme heat and dry conditions that have helped create record-breaking wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results are going to be surprising for some folks to say the least,” says Matthew Eby, executive director of First Street Foundation. “What we see is that in some areas that risk will double, triple, quadruple. And in areas that really have high levels of risk already, like California, we see almost a 50% increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 30 million homes in the lower 48 states – some 20% of houses – have a measurable risk of being hit with a wildfire. Some 1.5 million properties have a greater than 26% chance of burning over the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eby says even a small risk of wildfire adds up over the life of a 30-year mortgage, but that cumulative probability is difficult to grasp. Most disasters are framed by their annual risk, like a 1-in-100 year storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do the analysis, First Street ran complex computer models, simulating how wildfire spreads across different landscapes. Then, to determine how vulnerable each house is, they used satellite imagery and created computer algorithms to assess how much vegetation surrounds a home and what the roof material is, based on its color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wildfire risk maps can fill an informational void, experts warn that maps are imperfect. Homeowners living just outside risky areas on a map may feel a false sense of security. And wildfire maps are most accurate when communities can fill in details about local conditions. Wildfire experts also warn that the computer models that simulate wildfire spread are also in need of an update, given the complex dynamics of weather and fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Government maps flood risk, but not wildfire risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For fifty years, city planners and homeowners have had a clearer view of the dangers posed by floods. In 1968, after a series of destructive hurricanes, Congress created a landmark program that has shaped cities ever since. The National Flood Insurance Program provided insurance to properties at risk, and as part of that, FEMA released \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps\">maps showing where floods were likely to happen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many communities across the nation, it’s the primary resource they have to understand what areas are prone to flood hazards,” says David Bascom, who leads FEMA’s Engineering Resources Branch. “In many instances, it’s the only tool that they have to make decisions with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even as wildfires have taken an increasing toll across the country, few states or communities have mapped their wildfire risk. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759209/map-do-you-live-in-a-high-risk-fire-zone\">California created maps\u003c/a> in 2007, but they’re now considered out of date, and state fire officials are working on a long-awaited update. \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/04/18/oregon-wildfire-risk-map-property-damage-department-of-forestry/\">Oregon is in the process\u003c/a> of creating its first comprehensive statewide maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For states that have maps, the risk zones are a foundational tool in helping communities prepare for wildfire. In California, they determine \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/25/936685629/rebuilding-after-a-wildfire-most-states-dont-require-fire-resistant-materials\">whether new homes must be constructed to meet wildfire building codes\u003c/a>, which require fire-resistant building materials that reduce the chances a home will ignite. Many cities and counties receive state and federal grants based on their wildfire risk rating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Congress mandated that the U.S. Forest Service create nationwide wildfire maps. The result, \u003ca href=\"https://wildfirerisk.org/\">Wildfire Risk to Communities\u003c/a>, shows how cities and neighborhoods are vulnerable to wildfire, but isn’t detailed enough to be used for individual properties and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because it’s a broad, national mapping project where we don’t have property level data on how susceptible each person’s home is –what the siding material, roofing material is, et cetera – we take a very coarse look at that,” says Greg Dillion, director of the Fire Modeling Institute with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How knowing wildfire risk could help homeowners\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While seeing that a home has a substantial chance of burning may dissuade some buyers or renters, others may have to overlook it in favor of finding somewhere to live. Millions of houses are already built in wildfire-prone areas, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/us-wildfires-impact-environment-climate-change/\">not just in the Western U.S.\u003c/a>, and a national housing shortage often leaves people with few options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We already live in these places that have a lot of risk, so we need to think about how we can become better fire-adapted and build our homes and communities safer,” Pohl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply knowing that wildfire is a risk can still help homeowners. Many houses are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/02/704854496/step-1-build-a-house-step-2-set-it-on-fire\">ignited by embers that can be blown far ahead of actual fire\u003c/a>. Studies show that even affordable home projects can improve the chances that a home survives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Oakland hills, Grossman has been doing just that. He worked with his neighbors to clear overgrown vegetation on an empty lot nearby. At his own home, he cut down a large hedge of cypress and replaced the wood mulch with gravel within five feet of his house. Now, he’s turning his attention to making sure evacuation routes are also clear, so they’re not overwhelmed with flames before people can get out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to find a way collectively to shift away from a mindset of ‘me, me, me’ to a mindset of ‘we’re in this together,” Grossman says. “Let’s partner and help each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+your+house+at+risk+of+a+wildfire%3F+This+online+tool+could+tell+you&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For more than 50 years, anyone buying or renting a house could look up how vulnerable it is to flooding. But for wildfire risk, homeowners were mostly in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with thousands of homes destroyed by wildfires every year, most people who move \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/924507691/millions-of-homes-are-at-risk-of-wildfires-but-its-rarely-disclosed\">receive little or no information\u003c/a> about the risk they’re taking on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a non-profit research group is releasing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskfactor.com/\">first-of-its-kind tool for homeowners\u003c/a>. Produced by First Street Foundation, the ratings tool shows the wildfire risk for properties across the lower 48 states, and shows how that risk will change as the climate gets hotter. The information will be shown on Realtor.com, expanding to other real estate sites later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The information fills a gap left by government. Only a handful of states have mapped where communities are most at risk to wildfire. \u003ca href=\"https://wildfirerisk.org/\">Federal maps\u003c/a> from the U.S. Forest Service aren’t meant to be used for individual properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing about wildfire risk may not necessarily dissuade buyers, especially where housing is in short supply. But wildfire experts say that there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.readyforwildfire.org/prepare-for-wildfire/get-ready/\">many steps homeowners can still take\u003c/a> to make their homes safer, like trimming back flammable vegetation and using fire-resistant building materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to be able to stop all wildfires,” says Kelly Pohl, associate director of Headwaters Economics, a land use think tank. “We have a lot of work to do and understanding where a hazard is, across the landscape and to individual homes, is the first step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>In a bidding war, it’s easy to forget\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Tom Grossman got a tough assignment. The Oakland hills firestorm hit the Bay Area, destroying more than 3,000 homes. Grossman’s search and rescue team was called in to systematically comb through the area, looking for human remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like a war zone,” Grossmans says. “It’s flattened. Everything is burned. Everything you’re used to is destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rubble, his team found people who didn’t make it. Twenty-five people died in the fire, many as they were trying to escape down narrow, winding roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two decades later, Grossman was on the hunt for a new home in the Oakland Hills, navigating the Bay Area’s hyper-competitive housing market. After bidding on several and losing out, he and his spouse finally closed on a house. It sits on a tree-covered hillside, just a few miles from where the Oakland fire burned. But that didn’t cross Grossman’s mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We totally didn’t make that connection,” he says. “We were just going: another freaking bidding war!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many other homeowners and renters around the country, Grossman received little information about the dangers of wildfires in the process of deciding where to move. California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/924507691/millions-of-homes-are-at-risk-of-wildfires-but-its-rarely-disclosed\">one of the few states requiring that wildfire risk be disclosed\u003c/a> during a home sale, but the one-page form is easily overlooked in the piles of papers that home buyers have to review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just pages and pages and pages of boring legalese and minutiae,” Grossman says. “And what’s important gets lost in the blur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wildfire risk ratings, now next to remodeled kitchen photos\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First Street Foundation set out to map wildfire risk after releasing \u003ca href=\"https://floodfactor.com/\">similar home ratings for flooding\u003c/a>, which currently appear on Redfin and Realtor.com. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.riskfactor.com/\">wildfire ratings\u003c/a>, ranked one through 10, take climate change into account, which is fueling the extreme heat and dry conditions that have helped create record-breaking wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results are going to be surprising for some folks to say the least,” says Matthew Eby, executive director of First Street Foundation. “What we see is that in some areas that risk will double, triple, quadruple. And in areas that really have high levels of risk already, like California, we see almost a 50% increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 30 million homes in the lower 48 states – some 20% of houses – have a measurable risk of being hit with a wildfire. Some 1.5 million properties have a greater than 26% chance of burning over the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eby says even a small risk of wildfire adds up over the life of a 30-year mortgage, but that cumulative probability is difficult to grasp. Most disasters are framed by their annual risk, like a 1-in-100 year storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do the analysis, First Street ran complex computer models, simulating how wildfire spreads across different landscapes. Then, to determine how vulnerable each house is, they used satellite imagery and created computer algorithms to assess how much vegetation surrounds a home and what the roof material is, based on its color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wildfire risk maps can fill an informational void, experts warn that maps are imperfect. Homeowners living just outside risky areas on a map may feel a false sense of security. And wildfire maps are most accurate when communities can fill in details about local conditions. Wildfire experts also warn that the computer models that simulate wildfire spread are also in need of an update, given the complex dynamics of weather and fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Government maps flood risk, but not wildfire risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For fifty years, city planners and homeowners have had a clearer view of the dangers posed by floods. In 1968, after a series of destructive hurricanes, Congress created a landmark program that has shaped cities ever since. The National Flood Insurance Program provided insurance to properties at risk, and as part of that, FEMA released \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps\">maps showing where floods were likely to happen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many communities across the nation, it’s the primary resource they have to understand what areas are prone to flood hazards,” says David Bascom, who leads FEMA’s Engineering Resources Branch. “In many instances, it’s the only tool that they have to make decisions with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even as wildfires have taken an increasing toll across the country, few states or communities have mapped their wildfire risk. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759209/map-do-you-live-in-a-high-risk-fire-zone\">California created maps\u003c/a> in 2007, but they’re now considered out of date, and state fire officials are working on a long-awaited update. \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/04/18/oregon-wildfire-risk-map-property-damage-department-of-forestry/\">Oregon is in the process\u003c/a> of creating its first comprehensive statewide maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For states that have maps, the risk zones are a foundational tool in helping communities prepare for wildfire. In California, they determine \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/25/936685629/rebuilding-after-a-wildfire-most-states-dont-require-fire-resistant-materials\">whether new homes must be constructed to meet wildfire building codes\u003c/a>, which require fire-resistant building materials that reduce the chances a home will ignite. Many cities and counties receive state and federal grants based on their wildfire risk rating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Congress mandated that the U.S. Forest Service create nationwide wildfire maps. The result, \u003ca href=\"https://wildfirerisk.org/\">Wildfire Risk to Communities\u003c/a>, shows how cities and neighborhoods are vulnerable to wildfire, but isn’t detailed enough to be used for individual properties and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because it’s a broad, national mapping project where we don’t have property level data on how susceptible each person’s home is –what the siding material, roofing material is, et cetera – we take a very coarse look at that,” says Greg Dillion, director of the Fire Modeling Institute with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How knowing wildfire risk could help homeowners\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While seeing that a home has a substantial chance of burning may dissuade some buyers or renters, others may have to overlook it in favor of finding somewhere to live. Millions of houses are already built in wildfire-prone areas, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/us-wildfires-impact-environment-climate-change/\">not just in the Western U.S.\u003c/a>, and a national housing shortage often leaves people with few options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We already live in these places that have a lot of risk, so we need to think about how we can become better fire-adapted and build our homes and communities safer,” Pohl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simply knowing that wildfire is a risk can still help homeowners. Many houses are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/02/704854496/step-1-build-a-house-step-2-set-it-on-fire\">ignited by embers that can be blown far ahead of actual fire\u003c/a>. Studies show that even affordable home projects can improve the chances that a home survives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Oakland hills, Grossman has been doing just that. He worked with his neighbors to clear overgrown vegetation on an empty lot nearby. At his own home, he cut down a large hedge of cypress and replaced the wood mulch with gravel within five feet of his house. Now, he’s turning his attention to making sure evacuation routes are also clear, so they’re not overwhelmed with flames before people can get out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to find a way collectively to shift away from a mindset of ‘me, me, me’ to a mindset of ‘we’re in this together,” Grossman says. “Let’s partner and help each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+your+house+at+risk+of+a+wildfire%3F+This+online+tool+could+tell+you&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How to See Sunday's 'Blood Moon' Total Lunar Eclipse in the Bay Area",
"headTitle": "How to See Sunday’s ‘Blood Moon’ Total Lunar Eclipse in the Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the most beautiful sights of the night sky is the appearance of a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/eclipses/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">total lunar eclipse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, when the moon makes a rare passage straight through Earth’s shadow.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rare, yes, but on the West Coast, the spheres will align on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2022May16T.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">May 15 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to give us a front-row seat to the spectacle — and at a convenient time of night, as well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When is the eclipse?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the moon rises, shortly after 8 p.m. PDT on Sunday, the eclipse will already be in progress. But don’t worry about missing the beginning; The best is yet to come.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The eclipse will enter “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">totality”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — when the moon is fully engulfed in Earth’s shadow — at 8:29 p.m., reach maximum darkness at 9:11 p.m., and end at 9:54 p.m. When totality ends, the moon will reenter a partial eclipse phase, gradually moving back into the sun’s light.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979299\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1041px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1979299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1041\" height=\"783\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0.jpg 1041w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram showing the relationship of the Sun, Earth and moon during a total lunar eclipse, when the moon passes through Earth’s full ‘umbral’ shadow. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>How do you see the eclipse?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The moon will rise in the southeast, and by the time totality begins at 8:29 p.m., it will have risen 12 degrees above the southeastern horizon — about the span of your open hand. So, you simply need to find a moon-watching spot with a clear view of the southeastern horizon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unlike observing fainter celestial events like meteor showers, you don’t need to travel to a dark sky location to enjoy the eclipse. Even when the moon is dimmest, at maximum eclipse, it will be a prominent object in the heavens.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>What will you see?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-may-16\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this lunar eclipse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will already be in progress when the moon rises, what would be a full moon will have a large, dark “bite” taken out of one side. Some ancient cultures even explained a lunar eclipse as a celestial being — a dragon, or a dog — devouring the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During totality, the moon will darken significantly, as well as change color from full-moon-white to a rusty orange or even blood red, depending on atmospheric conditions. That’s why a total lunar eclipse is often called a blood moon. The effect can make the moon look three-dimensional, like a coppery ball hanging in the sky — almost like you could reach out and touch it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orange and red tones during totality are caused by the filtering of sunlight by Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979338\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979338\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On the left is a blue ball representing Earth. On the top and bottom of Earth, cone-shaped rainbows of light from an unpictured sun extend off into space. the image shows the blue light heading off into space, while the red spectrum of light shines on the moon, hidden in Earth's shadow. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth.jpg 987w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During a lunar eclipse, Earth’s atmosphere scatters sunlight. The blue light from the sun scatters away, and longer-wavelength red, orange and yellow light passes through, turning our moon red. This image is not to scale. \u003ccite>(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Scientific Visualization Studio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the sun’s light grazes around Earth’s edges, it passes through hundreds of miles of atmosphere, and its bluer tones are partially blocked and scattered by atmospheric gas molecules. But redder tones of sunlight pass through more freely, slipping around the sides of our planet and shining onto the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.physicscentral.com/explore/pictures/sunset.cfm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">see the same effect\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the sun’s light every day when you watch a sunrise or sunset, when the sun is near the horizon and filtered to appear orange or red. And even in twilight, when the sun is below the horizon, the sky is still glowing with rosy light scattered in the atmosphere.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When’s the next eclipse?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though eclipses, both lunar and solar, are rare events to witness, \u003ca href=\"https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEdecade/LEdecade2021.html\">they occur more often than you might think\u003c/a>. There was a partial solar eclipse on April 30, but you had to be at the southern tip of Chile or in parts of the extreme southern Pacific Ocean to see it. Another partial solar eclipse will be visible from Europe and the Middle East in October.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But here on the West Coast we’re in luck, for another total lunar eclipse will be visible in 2022, starting around midnight on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-november-8\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nov. 8\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and reaching maximum eclipse a few hours before sunrise — not as convenient as this month’s, but we’ll be able to see the entire eclipse from beginning to end.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the most beautiful sights of the night sky is the appearance of a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/eclipses/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">total lunar eclipse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, when the moon makes a rare passage straight through Earth’s shadow.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rare, yes, but on the West Coast, the spheres will align on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2022May16T.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">May 15 \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to give us a front-row seat to the spectacle — and at a convenient time of night, as well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When is the eclipse?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the moon rises, shortly after 8 p.m. PDT on Sunday, the eclipse will already be in progress. But don’t worry about missing the beginning; The best is yet to come.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The eclipse will enter “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">totality”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — when the moon is fully engulfed in Earth’s shadow — at 8:29 p.m., reach maximum darkness at 9:11 p.m., and end at 9:54 p.m. When totality ends, the moon will reenter a partial eclipse phase, gradually moving back into the sun’s light.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979299\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1041px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1979299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1041\" height=\"783\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0.jpg 1041w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-1020x767.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/lunar-eclipse-diagram_0-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1041px) 100vw, 1041px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diagram showing the relationship of the Sun, Earth and moon during a total lunar eclipse, when the moon passes through Earth’s full ‘umbral’ shadow. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>How do you see the eclipse?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The moon will rise in the southeast, and by the time totality begins at 8:29 p.m., it will have risen 12 degrees above the southeastern horizon — about the span of your open hand. So, you simply need to find a moon-watching spot with a clear view of the southeastern horizon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unlike observing fainter celestial events like meteor showers, you don’t need to travel to a dark sky location to enjoy the eclipse. Even when the moon is dimmest, at maximum eclipse, it will be a prominent object in the heavens.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>What will you see?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-may-16\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this lunar eclipse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will already be in progress when the moon rises, what would be a full moon will have a large, dark “bite” taken out of one side. Some ancient cultures even explained a lunar eclipse as a celestial being — a dragon, or a dog — devouring the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During totality, the moon will darken significantly, as well as change color from full-moon-white to a rusty orange or even blood red, depending on atmospheric conditions. That’s why a total lunar eclipse is often called a blood moon. The effect can make the moon look three-dimensional, like a coppery ball hanging in the sky — almost like you could reach out and touch it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orange and red tones during totality are caused by the filtering of sunlight by Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979338\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979338\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On the left is a blue ball representing Earth. On the top and bottom of Earth, cone-shaped rainbows of light from an unpictured sun extend off into space. the image shows the blue light heading off into space, while the red spectrum of light shines on the moon, hidden in Earth's shadow. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/suns-light-around-Earth.jpg 987w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During a lunar eclipse, Earth’s atmosphere scatters sunlight. The blue light from the sun scatters away, and longer-wavelength red, orange and yellow light passes through, turning our moon red. This image is not to scale. \u003ccite>(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Scientific Visualization Studio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the sun’s light grazes around Earth’s edges, it passes through hundreds of miles of atmosphere, and its bluer tones are partially blocked and scattered by atmospheric gas molecules. But redder tones of sunlight pass through more freely, slipping around the sides of our planet and shining onto the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.physicscentral.com/explore/pictures/sunset.cfm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">see the same effect\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the sun’s light every day when you watch a sunrise or sunset, when the sun is near the horizon and filtered to appear orange or red. And even in twilight, when the sun is below the horizon, the sky is still glowing with rosy light scattered in the atmosphere.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>When’s the next eclipse?\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though eclipses, both lunar and solar, are rare events to witness, \u003ca href=\"https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEdecade/LEdecade2021.html\">they occur more often than you might think\u003c/a>. There was a partial solar eclipse on April 30, but you had to be at the southern tip of Chile or in parts of the extreme southern Pacific Ocean to see it. Another partial solar eclipse will be visible from Europe and the Middle East in October.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But here on the West Coast we’re in luck, for another total lunar eclipse will be visible in 2022, starting around midnight on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-november-8\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nov. 8\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and reaching maximum eclipse a few hours before sunrise — not as convenient as this month’s, but we’ll be able to see the entire eclipse from beginning to end.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "This Is the First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of the Milky Way",
"headTitle": "This Is the First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of the Milky Way | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For years, the supermassive black hole in the dark center of the Milky Way galaxy has been theorized about and studied — and finally, it’s been captured in an image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We finally have the first look at our Milky Way black hole, Sagittarius A*,” an international team of astrophysicists and researchers from the Event Horizon Telescope team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ehtelescope/status/1524737908892049408\">announced on Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the dawn of a new era of black hole physics,” it added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The black hole is often referred to as Sgr A*, pronounced \u003cem>sadge ay star\u003c/em>. Its mass is about 4 million times that of the sun, and it’s about 27,000 light years from Earth, \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2022/first-supermassive-black-hole-sagitarrius-0512\">according to MIT\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Feryal Özel, University of Arizona']‘It seems that black holes like donuts.’[/pullquote]Black holes have long been a source of public fascination, but they also pose notorious challenges to researchers, mainly because their gravitational fields are so strong that they either bend light or prevent it from escaping entirely. But scientists have been able to detect and study them based on the powerful effects they exert on their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Sgr A*, scientists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/black-hole-SagittariusA.html\">previously observed stars\u003c/a> orbiting around the Milky Way’s center. Now they have a direct view of what Feryal Özel, a professor of astronomy and physics at the University of Arizona, called the “gentle giant” itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting the size of the black hole into an Earthling’s perspective, the team said that seeing it from the surface of our planet would be like trying to spot a donut on the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What made it extra challenging was the dynamic environment of Sgr A*, a source that burbled then gurgled as we looked at it,” Özel said, “and the challenges of looking not only through our own atmosphere, but also through the gas clouds in the disk of our galaxy towards the center. It took several years to refine our image and confirm what we had, but we prevailed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979320\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 473px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1979320\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Stars glow as orange dots against a black background. Cool gasses glow in purple. At the center of the image are bright blue and white lights, showing the location of the black hole. An inset panel shows the black hole as a dark center with puffs of orange and yellow light in a circle around it, kind of like a donut.\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main panel of this graphic shows hot gas, in blue, that was blown away from massive stars near the black hole. Infrared light depicts stars as orange and cool gas as purple. A pull-out shows the new image of the black hole named Sagittarius A*. \u003ccite>(X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Infrared: NASA/HST/STScI. Inset: Radio, EHT Collaboration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than 300 researchers collaborated on the effort to capture the image, compiling information from radio observatories around the world. To obtain the image, scientists used observations from April 2017, when all eight observatories were pointed at the black hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we cannot see the black hole itself, because it is completely dark, glowing gas around it reveals a telltale signature: a dark central region (called a ‘shadow’) surrounded by a bright ring-like structure,” the EHT team said in its announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers announced the news Thursday morning at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., but it was simultaneously released around the world, in a series of news conferences held in Mexico City, Shanghai, Tokyo, and other cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were stunned by how well the size of the ring agreed with predictions from Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity,” \u003ca href=\"https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy\">said EHT Project Scientist Geoffrey Bower\u003c/a>, from the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Academia Sinica in Taipei.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery comes three years after the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration released the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711723383/watch-earth-gets-its-first-look-at-a-black-hole\">first-ever image of a black hole\u003c/a> — but that work focused on the center of galaxy Messier 87, tens of millions of light-years away from Earth in the Virgo cluster of galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commenting on the similarities of the two images, of a dark shadow surrounded by a bright ring, Özel stated, “It seems that black holes like donuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she said, the two black holes are very different from one another — for one thing, the Milky Way’s black hole isn’t as voracious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one in M87 is accumulating matter at a significantly faster rate than Sgr A*,” she said. “Perhaps more importantly, the one in M87 launches a powerful jet that extends as far as the edge of that galaxy. Our black hole does not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+is+the+first+image+of+the+black+hole+at+the+heart+of+the+Milky+Way&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For years, the supermassive black hole in the dark center of the Milky Way galaxy has been theorized about and studied — and finally, it’s been captured in an image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We finally have the first look at our Milky Way black hole, Sagittarius A*,” an international team of astrophysicists and researchers from the Event Horizon Telescope team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ehtelescope/status/1524737908892049408\">announced on Thursday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the dawn of a new era of black hole physics,” it added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The black hole is often referred to as Sgr A*, pronounced \u003cem>sadge ay star\u003c/em>. Its mass is about 4 million times that of the sun, and it’s about 27,000 light years from Earth, \u003ca href=\"https://news.mit.edu/2022/first-supermassive-black-hole-sagitarrius-0512\">according to MIT\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Black holes have long been a source of public fascination, but they also pose notorious challenges to researchers, mainly because their gravitational fields are so strong that they either bend light or prevent it from escaping entirely. But scientists have been able to detect and study them based on the powerful effects they exert on their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Sgr A*, scientists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/black-hole-SagittariusA.html\">previously observed stars\u003c/a> orbiting around the Milky Way’s center. Now they have a direct view of what Feryal Özel, a professor of astronomy and physics at the University of Arizona, called the “gentle giant” itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting the size of the black hole into an Earthling’s perspective, the team said that seeing it from the surface of our planet would be like trying to spot a donut on the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What made it extra challenging was the dynamic environment of Sgr A*, a source that burbled then gurgled as we looked at it,” Özel said, “and the challenges of looking not only through our own atmosphere, but also through the gas clouds in the disk of our galaxy towards the center. It took several years to refine our image and confirm what we had, but we prevailed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979320\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 473px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1979320\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Stars glow as orange dots against a black background. Cool gasses glow in purple. At the center of the image are bright blue and white lights, showing the location of the black hole. An inset panel shows the black hole as a dark center with puffs of orange and yellow light in a circle around it, kind of like a donut.\" width=\"473\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/black-hole.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main panel of this graphic shows hot gas, in blue, that was blown away from massive stars near the black hole. Infrared light depicts stars as orange and cool gas as purple. A pull-out shows the new image of the black hole named Sagittarius A*. \u003ccite>(X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Infrared: NASA/HST/STScI. Inset: Radio, EHT Collaboration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than 300 researchers collaborated on the effort to capture the image, compiling information from radio observatories around the world. To obtain the image, scientists used observations from April 2017, when all eight observatories were pointed at the black hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although we cannot see the black hole itself, because it is completely dark, glowing gas around it reveals a telltale signature: a dark central region (called a ‘shadow’) surrounded by a bright ring-like structure,” the EHT team said in its announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers announced the news Thursday morning at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., but it was simultaneously released around the world, in a series of news conferences held in Mexico City, Shanghai, Tokyo, and other cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were stunned by how well the size of the ring agreed with predictions from Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity,” \u003ca href=\"https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy\">said EHT Project Scientist Geoffrey Bower\u003c/a>, from the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Academia Sinica in Taipei.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery comes three years after the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration released the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711723383/watch-earth-gets-its-first-look-at-a-black-hole\">first-ever image of a black hole\u003c/a> — but that work focused on the center of galaxy Messier 87, tens of millions of light-years away from Earth in the Virgo cluster of galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commenting on the similarities of the two images, of a dark shadow surrounded by a bright ring, Özel stated, “It seems that black holes like donuts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she said, the two black holes are very different from one another — for one thing, the Milky Way’s black hole isn’t as voracious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one in M87 is accumulating matter at a significantly faster rate than Sgr A*,” she said. “Perhaps more importantly, the one in M87 launches a powerful jet that extends as far as the edge of that galaxy. Our black hole does not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+is+the+first+image+of+the+black+hole+at+the+heart+of+the+Milky+Way&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "From Giant Isopods to Glowing Jellies, This New Monterey Bay Aquarium Exhibit Features Deep-Sea Creatures Never Seen Before | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The midnight zone begins half a mile beneath the ocean, and is an area so deep that no sunlight can reach it. Few humans have seen the animals who live there — until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A groundbreaking exhibit at the Monterey Bay Aquarium is bringing deep-sea animals from the midnight zone up to the surface and into public view for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s really cool about this exhibit is that we are the only humans on Earth right now that are likely looking at some of these animals,” said Allen Protasio, exhibit guide at the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Samantha Muka, aquarium historian and professor, Stevens Institute of Technology']‘We should be completely astounded by the technological things that they’ve done. It probably couldn’t have been done even 10 or 15 years ago. It’s that cutting-edge.’[/pullquote]The midnight zone is cold and dark, and can only be explored by remote operating vehicles (ROVs) controlled by pilots in submarines. The deep sea is rich with strange and often bioluminescent creatures, many of them delicate and unable to withstand the drastic transition to the low pressure, bright lights and high temperatures at the surface. Monterey Bay researchers have experimented for over a decade with ways to bring elusive deep-sea life safely up from the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit takes visitors on a descending tour of the abyss, starting with a model of Monterey Bay’s underwater canyon. Some parts of the canyon are more than a mile deep, and the canyon comes remarkably close to shore. Visitors can meander through a darkened gallery of tanks displaying gelatinous creatures from the shallower end of the midnight zone, known as the midwater, which ranges from 650 feet to 3,300 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979270\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A rust-colored crab with an oval body and white markings on its shell and legs rises up on four legs, two legs extended out above and in front of its body like an orchestra conductor. The crab is on a sandy floor inside an aquarium, with models of whale bones on the ground and looming in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Japanese spider crab is the size of a small dog. \u003ccite>(Tyson V. Rininger/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the midwater gallery, screens show dazzling ROV footage of shimmering bioluminescence. A goopy string adorned with stingers — a creature known as a siphonophore — floats suspended in its tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tommy Knowles, a jellyfish expert and one of the scientists who developed the exhibit, described his favorite midwater creature — a crimson dome bedazzled with ridges of strobing rainbow lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the bloody belly comb jelly, Lampocteis,” Knowles said. “It’s one of the most delicate jellies in the world. It’s like a sparkly bowl of Jell-O.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowles and other scientists tinkered with the acidity, light and temperature to achieve conditions that were just right for each deep-sea animal on display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be completely astounded by the technological things that they’ve done,” said Samantha Muka, aquarium historian and professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. “It probably couldn’t have been done even 10 or 15 years ago. It’s that cutting-edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the deep sea is known for its high pressures, the aquarium scientists found that some deep-sea creatures could survive the ascent if they were given time to acclimate to the lower pressure and higher temperatures, not unlike the delicacy required when human divers return from high-pressure depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979302\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Inside a deep sea exhibit, black boulders looking like pieces of charcoal, pocked with lines and small holes line the ground. Growing on these boulders are tall, pale orange corals with trunks like a tree and branches like a curved fan. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2.jpg 1044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corals and sponges that grow on underwater mountains, or “seamounts” develop so slowly that damaged habitats could take centuries to recover. Drilling, mining, and fishing can put corals, sponges, and the animals they shelter at risk. \u003ccite>(Tyson V. Rininger/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re the only people right now that know how you can push these animals, like the plasticity of their pressure needs at the moment,” said Muka. “They already know more about those deep-sea animals than we’ve ever known about them ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it took years of trial and error to figure out each deep-sea creature’s specific requirements, achieving low-enough oxygen levels proved to be a particular challenge. Many deep-sea creatures from an area known as the oxygen minimum zone need as little as 5% of the oxygen found at the ocean’s surface to survive. Some displays required developing new methods to strip oxygen out of seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to use equipment that I don’t think has ever been used in aquariums before,” Knowles said. “It was used in food production, for stripping gasses out of liquids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit is more than a technological marvel or a way to show off exotic animals. In addition to educating the public, it serves as a reconstructed ecological system that allows scientists to study deep-sea environments without the expense and difficulty of submarine voyages. This combination of public outreach and basic science is a hallmark of the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically setting up a long-term laboratory for those scientists to be able to study those organisms,” Muka said. “In some sense, it is the ultimate reason for the public aquarium to exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it is so challenging to access and study, deep-sea biology is still in its infancy. Although scientists are only beginning to understand deep-sea environments, those environments are already under threat from human influence, such as deep-sea drilling, mining operations, climate change and microplastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep-sea creatures feed on marine snow, tiny flecks of rotten flesh and other debris that drift down and eventually reach the sunless depths. But now, much of that snow is made up of tiny bits of microplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate how microplastic pollution affects deep-sea animals, the exhibit includes an interactive game that shows how hard it is for these animals to survive. Players take control of different deep-sea creatures and must avoid getting eaten or stung, all while chasing down and gobbling up bits of marine snow. If a player survives the game, the screen displays the percentage of plastic they consumed along with their marine snow meals — often more than half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As those plastics break down smaller and smaller, they get into the food chain,” said Protasio. “And these deep-sea critters may not be able to distinguish between what’s marine snow and what’s microplastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the deep end of the exhibit, visitors reach the muddy plains of the sea floor, studded with microhabitats. In one seafloor tank, spiny Japanese spider crabs the size of small dogs crawl over a model of a sperm whale skeleton settled into the mud. Cartilaginous ghost sharks lurk, and elephant fish probe for food with their long snouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Tommy Knowles, jellyfish expert, Monterey Bay Aquarium']‘In one sense they’re so foreign to us, they’re very alien. But in another sense, they are earthlings.’[/pullquote]While every other animal in the exhibit lives behind glass, giant deep-sea isopods with 14 legs huddle in a touch tank. They look like roly-polys from your garden, except they’re ghostly pale and as big as bread loaves. Isopods can thrive in a vast range of depths and environments, from just 550 feet below the surface to as deep as 7,000 feet. They can switch between crawling along the muddy plains of the seafloor to swimming with muscular flaps called pleopods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the deep sea is so different from what we’re used to, it can seem far away, and has often been compared to another planet. The creatures who call it home, with their many limbs and glowing, gelatinous bodies, might strike some visitors as otherworldly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In one sense they’re so foreign to us, they’re very alien. But in another sense, they are earthlings,” said Knowles. “I feel like the alien, coming in with my submarine with bright lights. They’re probably wondering, ‘What is that?!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey Bay Aquarium has successfully brought a glimpse of the midnight zone into the light. The exhibit provides scientists with new tools to keep learning about the earthlings who call it home, and reminds us just how close we are to our deep, dark neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The midnight zone is cold and dark, and can only be explored by remote operating vehicles (ROVs) controlled by pilots in submarines. The deep sea is rich with strange and often bioluminescent creatures, many of them delicate and unable to withstand the drastic transition to the low pressure, bright lights and high temperatures at the surface. Monterey Bay researchers have experimented for over a decade with ways to bring elusive deep-sea life safely up from the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit takes visitors on a descending tour of the abyss, starting with a model of Monterey Bay’s underwater canyon. Some parts of the canyon are more than a mile deep, and the canyon comes remarkably close to shore. Visitors can meander through a darkened gallery of tanks displaying gelatinous creatures from the shallower end of the midnight zone, known as the midwater, which ranges from 650 feet to 3,300 feet deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979270\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A rust-colored crab with an oval body and white markings on its shell and legs rises up on four legs, two legs extended out above and in front of its body like an orchestra conductor. The crab is on a sandy floor inside an aquarium, with models of whale bones on the ground and looming in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Whalefall_Japanese_crab_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Japanese spider crab is the size of a small dog. \u003ccite>(Tyson V. Rininger/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the midwater gallery, screens show dazzling ROV footage of shimmering bioluminescence. A goopy string adorned with stingers — a creature known as a siphonophore — floats suspended in its tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tommy Knowles, a jellyfish expert and one of the scientists who developed the exhibit, described his favorite midwater creature — a crimson dome bedazzled with ridges of strobing rainbow lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the bloody belly comb jelly, Lampocteis,” Knowles said. “It’s one of the most delicate jellies in the world. It’s like a sparkly bowl of Jell-O.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowles and other scientists tinkered with the acidity, light and temperature to achieve conditions that were just right for each deep-sea animal on display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should be completely astounded by the technological things that they’ve done,” said Samantha Muka, aquarium historian and professor at the Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey. “It probably couldn’t have been done even 10 or 15 years ago. It’s that cutting-edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the deep sea is known for its high pressures, the aquarium scientists found that some deep-sea creatures could survive the ascent if they were given time to acclimate to the lower pressure and higher temperatures, not unlike the delicacy required when human divers return from high-pressure depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979302\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Inside a deep sea exhibit, black boulders looking like pieces of charcoal, pocked with lines and small holes line the ground. Growing on these boulders are tall, pale orange corals with trunks like a tree and branches like a curved fan. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/05/Deep_sea_Tyson-V.-Rininger-resize2.jpg 1044w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corals and sponges that grow on underwater mountains, or “seamounts” develop so slowly that damaged habitats could take centuries to recover. Drilling, mining, and fishing can put corals, sponges, and the animals they shelter at risk. \u003ccite>(Tyson V. Rininger/Monterey Bay Aquarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re the only people right now that know how you can push these animals, like the plasticity of their pressure needs at the moment,” said Muka. “They already know more about those deep-sea animals than we’ve ever known about them ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it took years of trial and error to figure out each deep-sea creature’s specific requirements, achieving low-enough oxygen levels proved to be a particular challenge. Many deep-sea creatures from an area known as the oxygen minimum zone need as little as 5% of the oxygen found at the ocean’s surface to survive. Some displays required developing new methods to strip oxygen out of seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to use equipment that I don’t think has ever been used in aquariums before,” Knowles said. “It was used in food production, for stripping gasses out of liquids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit is more than a technological marvel or a way to show off exotic animals. In addition to educating the public, it serves as a reconstructed ecological system that allows scientists to study deep-sea environments without the expense and difficulty of submarine voyages. This combination of public outreach and basic science is a hallmark of the Monterey Bay Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically setting up a long-term laboratory for those scientists to be able to study those organisms,” Muka said. “In some sense, it is the ultimate reason for the public aquarium to exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it is so challenging to access and study, deep-sea biology is still in its infancy. Although scientists are only beginning to understand deep-sea environments, those environments are already under threat from human influence, such as deep-sea drilling, mining operations, climate change and microplastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep-sea creatures feed on marine snow, tiny flecks of rotten flesh and other debris that drift down and eventually reach the sunless depths. But now, much of that snow is made up of tiny bits of microplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To demonstrate how microplastic pollution affects deep-sea animals, the exhibit includes an interactive game that shows how hard it is for these animals to survive. Players take control of different deep-sea creatures and must avoid getting eaten or stung, all while chasing down and gobbling up bits of marine snow. If a player survives the game, the screen displays the percentage of plastic they consumed along with their marine snow meals — often more than half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As those plastics break down smaller and smaller, they get into the food chain,” said Protasio. “And these deep-sea critters may not be able to distinguish between what’s marine snow and what’s microplastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the deep end of the exhibit, visitors reach the muddy plains of the sea floor, studded with microhabitats. In one seafloor tank, spiny Japanese spider crabs the size of small dogs crawl over a model of a sperm whale skeleton settled into the mud. Cartilaginous ghost sharks lurk, and elephant fish probe for food with their long snouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While every other animal in the exhibit lives behind glass, giant deep-sea isopods with 14 legs huddle in a touch tank. They look like roly-polys from your garden, except they’re ghostly pale and as big as bread loaves. Isopods can thrive in a vast range of depths and environments, from just 550 feet below the surface to as deep as 7,000 feet. They can switch between crawling along the muddy plains of the seafloor to swimming with muscular flaps called pleopods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the deep sea is so different from what we’re used to, it can seem far away, and has often been compared to another planet. The creatures who call it home, with their many limbs and glowing, gelatinous bodies, might strike some visitors as otherworldly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In one sense they’re so foreign to us, they’re very alien. But in another sense, they are earthlings,” said Knowles. “I feel like the alien, coming in with my submarine with bright lights. They’re probably wondering, ‘What is that?!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey Bay Aquarium has successfully brought a glimpse of the midnight zone into the light. The exhibit provides scientists with new tools to keep learning about the earthlings who call it home, and reminds us just how close we are to our deep, dark neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawmakers in California are debating whether to open sites where people can inject or snort illegal drugs under the watchful gaze of a health care worker. These facilities are an effort to save lives, as overdoses skyrocket across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“Instead of having people use drugs on the sidewalk when your kid is walking by, we want to give them a place where they can go inside,” said state Senator Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco), the sponsor of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB57\">a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">bill\u003c/span> to pilot facilities in Oakland, San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">[pullquote size='small' citation='Anne Marie Schubert, Sacramento County district attorney']‘The fact that we’re considering allowing our government to essentially aid and abet the illicit use of drugs that are killing our citizens, I find shocking.’[/pullquote]Wiener stresses that so-called “safe consumption” or “supervised injection sites” not only would prevent overdoses, but also slow the spread of HIV and hepatitis by offering clean syringes. On-site health care workers would \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281335915_Drug_consumption_facilities_in_Europe_and_beyond\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">inspire folks to seek treatment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The last time supervised injection facilities were on the table in California, in 2018, a bill progressed all the way to Governor Jerry Brown’s desk. He vetoed it. Wiener is trying again. He points to a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022042616679829\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">recent cost-benefit analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a> demonstrating that every dollar spent on safe consumption in San Francisco would save the city $2.33.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“Our hospitals, our emergency rooms, our fire department, our ambulances are all spending huge resources on people who are overdosing,” Senator Wiener said.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I certainly would have been in much better hands’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gary McCoy, formerly addicted to heroin then methamphetamine, wishes he would have had a safe place to shoot up before he hit rock bottom and nearly died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He overdosed on heroin for the first time when he was 18 years old, at a gas station. The store attendant called 911 when McCoy deliriously crawled out of the bathroom and collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">[pullquote size='small' citation='Alex Kral, epidemiologist, RTI International']‘There have probably been tens of millions of injections people have done in these sites over the last 35 years. And no one has ever died of an overdose.’[/pullquote]“I immediately went back to my dealer’s house from the hospital and bought everything that she had because it was the best heroin I had ever done,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the time, McCoy was grappling with his sexuality in a conservative town in Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I wasn’t quite in the closet,” said McCoy. “But I wasn’t really open about the fact that I was gay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent the next decade high, homeless and near the brink. At 24 years old, McCoy learned he was HIV-positive. He was staying in a cheap hotel in San Francisco alone. It was Christmas Eve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I weighed 110 pounds, psoriasis was all over my body, I was injecting every day, couch-surfing when I could, and trading sex for drugs or a place to sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">When he didn’t have anywhere else to shoot up, McCoy used bathroom stalls at public libraries.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I think if I had a place to go where I could safely use, where people could see that I needed medical assistance, I think it would have avoided a lot of trauma,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">McCoy says he spent lots of time in jail spread over many arrests, and landed in the emergency department monthly for at least a decade as his drug habits and AIDS ravaged his body.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zero recorded overdoses\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">A safe consumption site can range from a converted RV to a sprawling warehouse. Inside, it typically looks somewhat like a hair salon, with mirrors lining the walls, individual stalls for each client, and sterile supplies laid out on steel countertops.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979240\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979240\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-800x600.jpeg\" alt='A man with white skin stands in front of a huge wall mural showing musicians. The man has a very short buzz cut and wears black glasses, and a long-sleeved white t-shirt under a short-sleeved black t-shirt that reads, \"Harm reduction is recovery.\" The three male musicians in the mural are dressed in formal wear of all white or a tuxedo. One plays a violin, one a base, and one a guitar. A woman on the right side of th emural is dressed in a formal gown of black with white sequins, a lush dark brown cape and a black hat with a wide brim.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary McCoy in San Francisco’s Tenderloin neighborhood, on April 27, 2022. In August 2021, McCoy slept on the sidewalk and did not eat for three days to draw attention to the overdose crisis. City leaders took note and declared a state of emergency. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“You’ll have two rooms,” said Alex Kral, epidemiologist for the nonprofit research group RTI International. “The first room is where people can inject under supervision. And then you have a second room where people can basically chill out after they have used drugs and be monitored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Health care workers equipped with “crash carts” stocked with naloxone and other lifesaving tools stand by.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/rhode-island-set-to-be-first-state-to-pilot-safe-injection-sites-for-drug-users-11635067801\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Rhode Island\u003c/span> greenlighted supervised injection sites last year\u003c/a>, but nothing has launched yet. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/30/1054921116/illegal-drug-injection-sites-nyc\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">New York City\u003c/span> opened two sites last fall.\u003c/a> Around the world, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871621000168?via%3Dihub021/ExhibitDocument/OpenExhibitDocument?exhibitId=54137&fileDownloadName=AHHS652I.pdf020/10/ICER_SIF_Final-Evidence-Report_010821.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">100 safe consumption sites exist in more than a dozen countries\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“There have probably been tens of millions of injections people have done in these sites over the last 35 years,” said Kral. “And no one has ever died of an overdose.”\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Yet, just last year, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">10,000 people in California\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2021/20211117.htm\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">100,000 people\u003c/span> nationwide\u003c/a> died of an overdose on the streets, at parties, at home.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sends the wrong message\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“That number is really underreported because there are parts of the country that don’t have the resources to do toxicology screens on every death,” said Ron Brooks, president of the National Narcotics Officers’ Associations’ Coalition.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">He estimates the accurate tally could be as high as 140,000 deaths nationwide, which is why he says the overdose crisis is the most significant public health epidemic facing the nation. However, Brooks does not support opening “safe consumption sites” to solve the problem because, he says, there is no safe way to do drugs.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“You can call it what you want to call it. It’s an open drug scene,” said Anne Marie Schubert, Sacramento County district attorney. “The fact that we’re considering allowing our government to essentially aid and abet the illicit use of drugs that are killing our citizens, I find shocking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Schubert would rather see more court-ordered treatment. She says \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-prop47-anniversary-20151106-story.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">current law\u003c/span> does not allow judges to require nearly enough people to seek help\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">However, Gary McCoy says you can’t force sobriety. When he finally limped into treatment, AIDS had nearly wiped out his immune system. In fact, he was in such ghastly shape that his drug dealer finally nudged him to seek help, which is why he’s now a huge advocate for supervised injection sites.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">“I don’t know if I would have stopped using sooner, but I certainly would have been in much better hands,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">These days on morning strolls through his neighborhood in San Francisco, McCoy chats with people getting high on the streets. He lets them know there’s help available, and says that’s the real service outreach workers at safe consumption sites could provide.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawmakers in California are debating whether to open sites where people can inject or snort illegal drugs under the watchful gaze of a health care worker. These facilities are an effort to save lives, as overdoses skyrocket across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“Instead of having people use drugs on the sidewalk when your kid is walking by, we want to give them a place where they can go inside,” said state Senator Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco), the sponsor of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB57\">a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">bill\u003c/span> to pilot facilities in Oakland, San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Wiener stresses that so-called “safe consumption” or “supervised injection sites” not only would prevent overdoses, but also slow the spread of HIV and hepatitis by offering clean syringes. On-site health care workers would \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281335915_Drug_consumption_facilities_in_Europe_and_beyond\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">inspire folks to seek treatment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The last time supervised injection facilities were on the table in California, in 2018, a bill progressed all the way to Governor Jerry Brown’s desk. He vetoed it. Wiener is trying again. He points to a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022042616679829\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">recent cost-benefit analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a> demonstrating that every dollar spent on safe consumption in San Francisco would save the city $2.33.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“Our hospitals, our emergency rooms, our fire department, our ambulances are all spending huge resources on people who are overdosing,” Senator Wiener said.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I certainly would have been in much better hands’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gary McCoy, formerly addicted to heroin then methamphetamine, wishes he would have had a safe place to shoot up before he hit rock bottom and nearly died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He overdosed on heroin for the first time when he was 18 years old, at a gas station. The store attendant called 911 when McCoy deliriously crawled out of the bathroom and collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I immediately went back to my dealer’s house from the hospital and bought everything that she had because it was the best heroin I had ever done,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the time, McCoy was grappling with his sexuality in a conservative town in Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I wasn’t quite in the closet,” said McCoy. “But I wasn’t really open about the fact that I was gay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent the next decade high, homeless and near the brink. At 24 years old, McCoy learned he was HIV-positive. He was staying in a cheap hotel in San Francisco alone. It was Christmas Eve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I weighed 110 pounds, psoriasis was all over my body, I was injecting every day, couch-surfing when I could, and trading sex for drugs or a place to sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">When he didn’t have anywhere else to shoot up, McCoy used bathroom stalls at public libraries.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“I think if I had a place to go where I could safely use, where people could see that I needed medical assistance, I think it would have avoided a lot of trauma,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">McCoy says he spent lots of time in jail spread over many arrests, and landed in the emergency department monthly for at least a decade as his drug habits and AIDS ravaged his body.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zero recorded overdoses\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">A safe consumption site can range from a converted RV to a sprawling warehouse. Inside, it typically looks somewhat like a hair salon, with mirrors lining the walls, individual stalls for each client, and sterile supplies laid out on steel countertops.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979240\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979240\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-800x600.jpeg\" alt='A man with white skin stands in front of a huge wall mural showing musicians. The man has a very short buzz cut and wears black glasses, and a long-sleeved white t-shirt under a short-sleeved black t-shirt that reads, \"Harm reduction is recovery.\" The three male musicians in the mural are dressed in formal wear of all white or a tuxedo. One plays a violin, one a base, and one a guitar. A woman on the right side of th emural is dressed in a formal gown of black with white sequins, a lush dark brown cape and a black hat with a wide brim.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/01D7C956-B602-4CF2-B2CB-9439D8906F35_1_201_a-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gary McCoy in San Francisco’s Tenderloin neighborhood, on April 27, 2022. In August 2021, McCoy slept on the sidewalk and did not eat for three days to draw attention to the overdose crisis. City leaders took note and declared a state of emergency. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“You’ll have two rooms,” said Alex Kral, epidemiologist for the nonprofit research group RTI International. “The first room is where people can inject under supervision. And then you have a second room where people can basically chill out after they have used drugs and be monitored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Health care workers equipped with “crash carts” stocked with naloxone and other lifesaving tools stand by.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/rhode-island-set-to-be-first-state-to-pilot-safe-injection-sites-for-drug-users-11635067801\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Rhode Island\u003c/span> greenlighted supervised injection sites last year\u003c/a>, but nothing has launched yet. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/30/1054921116/illegal-drug-injection-sites-nyc\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">New York City\u003c/span> opened two sites last fall.\u003c/a> Around the world, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871621000168?via%3Dihub021/ExhibitDocument/OpenExhibitDocument?exhibitId=54137&fileDownloadName=AHHS652I.pdf020/10/ICER_SIF_Final-Evidence-Report_010821.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">100 safe consumption sites exist in more than a dozen countries\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“There have probably been tens of millions of injections people have done in these sites over the last 35 years,” said Kral. “And no one has ever died of an overdose.”\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Yet, just last year, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">10,000 people in California\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2021/20211117.htm\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">100,000 people\u003c/span> nationwide\u003c/a> died of an overdose on the streets, at parties, at home.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sends the wrong message\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“That number is really underreported because there are parts of the country that don’t have the resources to do toxicology screens on every death,” said Ron Brooks, president of the National Narcotics Officers’ Associations’ Coalition.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">He estimates the accurate tally could be as high as 140,000 deaths nationwide, which is why he says the overdose crisis is the most significant public health epidemic facing the nation. However, Brooks does not support opening “safe consumption sites” to solve the problem because, he says, there is no safe way to do drugs.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“You can call it what you want to call it. It’s an open drug scene,” said Anne Marie Schubert, Sacramento County district attorney. “The fact that we’re considering allowing our government to essentially aid and abet the illicit use of drugs that are killing our citizens, I find shocking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Schubert would rather see more court-ordered treatment. She says \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-prop47-anniversary-20151106-story.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">current law\u003c/span> does not allow judges to require nearly enough people to seek help\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">However, Gary McCoy says you can’t force sobriety. When he finally limped into treatment, AIDS had nearly wiped out his immune system. In fact, he was in such ghastly shape that his drug dealer finally nudged him to seek help, which is why he’s now a huge advocate for supervised injection sites.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">“I don’t know if I would have stopped using sooner, but I certainly would have been in much better hands,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">These days on morning strolls through his neighborhood in San Francisco, McCoy chats with people getting high on the streets. He lets them know there’s help available, and says that’s the real service outreach workers at safe consumption sites could provide.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>Acorn barnacles might look like jagged little rocks at low tide, but they have a surprisingly wild sex life. These crusty little animals — related to crabs and shrimp — have the longest penis of any animal relative to their body size. It’s up to eight times the length of the barnacle itself!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Finding a date is hard enough in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s especially tricky when you’re stuck to a rock in the middle of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, acorn barnacles don’t get discouraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These crusty little animals actually have a pretty wild sex life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At low tide each one is sealed up inside its own miniature fortress – shielded by a ring of armored plates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two central plates press together to form a water-tight seal so they don’t dry out in the open air. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re ready and waiting for the tide to rise so they can get down to business. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first they need to freshen up a bit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barnacle unfurls eight pairs of delicate feathery legs called cirri, which they use to absorb oxygen from the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legs filter out plankton and debris churned up by the waves, bringing the catch inside to the mouth\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They may not look like it from the outside, but beneath their shell, it’s easier to see that barnacles are crustaceans related to crabs and shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a nice meal, it’s ready for some action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little barnacle lets loose the longest penis of any animal – relative to its body size of course – stretching up to eight times the length of the barnacle itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this penis has skills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can taste and smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the tip can feel around, probing to see which neighbors have ripe eggs inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it finds what it’s looking for the barnacle delivers sperm to fertilize the eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnacles aren’t exactly prudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty much everyone is fair play. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because they’re all hermaphrodites, simultaneously male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes it’s one-on-one, sometimes more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnacles are nurturing parents, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They hold on to their fertilized eggs and protect them until they hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These cuties are their baby larvae called nauplii. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the young barnacles’ chance for adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They roam the sea searching for food and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they survive long enough the barnacle larvae mature into cyprids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage the barnacle doesn’t eat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyprid’s only mission is to find the ideal spot to glom onto before it starves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having survived the trials of youth, the barnacle settles in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it’s time to get to know the neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At low tide each one is sealed up inside its own miniature fortress – shielded by a ring of armored plates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two central plates press together to form a water-tight seal so they don’t dry out in the open air. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re ready and waiting for the tide to rise so they can get down to business. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first they need to freshen up a bit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The barnacle unfurls eight pairs of delicate feathery legs called cirri, which they use to absorb oxygen from the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legs filter out plankton and debris churned up by the waves, bringing the catch inside to the mouth\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They may not look like it from the outside, but beneath their shell, it’s easier to see that barnacles are crustaceans related to crabs and shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a nice meal, it’s ready for some action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little barnacle lets loose the longest penis of any animal – relative to its body size of course – stretching up to eight times the length of the barnacle itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this penis has skills. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can taste and smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the tip can feel around, probing to see which neighbors have ripe eggs inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it finds what it’s looking for the barnacle delivers sperm to fertilize the eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnacles aren’t exactly prudes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty much everyone is fair play. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because they’re all hermaphrodites, simultaneously male and female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes it’s one-on-one, sometimes more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnacles are nurturing parents, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They hold on to their fertilized eggs and protect them until they hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These cuties are their baby larvae called nauplii. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the young barnacles’ chance for adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They roam the sea searching for food and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they survive long enough the barnacle larvae mature into cyprids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage the barnacle doesn’t eat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyprid’s only mission is to find the ideal spot to glom onto before it starves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having survived the trials of youth, the barnacle settles in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it’s time to get to know the neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Celebrate Earth Day 2022 With Events for the Curious of All Ages at the Bay Area Science Festival",
"headTitle": "Celebrate Earth Day 2022 With Events for the Curious of All Ages at the Bay Area Science Festival | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area Science Festival is back in person at Oracle Park this year, with live demonstrations, hands-on experiments, and opportunities to meet and learn from local scientists. Dancing robots will be just one of hundreds of exhibitions, aimed at the curious of all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re thrilled to be back and have a great mix of both in-person and virtual events to inspire people of all ages to connect with science,” said Katherine Nielsen, co-founder of the festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going into its 11th year, the festival is offering \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/events/\">dozens of events\u003c/a>. It previously was held in the fall, but due to regional wildfires and the risk of wildfire smoke, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/CbvFBOtFP0A/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">festival has been moved to the spring\u003c/a> this year and will begin on Thursday, April 21 — in time to celebrate Earth Day on Friday, April 22 — and run through April 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things you’ll be able to do during this 10-day science fair is engage in numerous virtual and in-person explorer tours. One tour, in particular, takes you on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/presidio-archaeology-behind-the-scenes-tour/\">archaeological journey into the history of the Presidio\u003c/a>. Another takes you on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/the-natural-wonders-of-glen-canyon-park-2/\">exploration through Glen Canyon Park\u003c/a> while learning about the park’s wildlife and native habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, with an expected attendance of more than 25,000 visitors, the free \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/discovery-day-oracle-park/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Discovery Days at Oracle Park\u003c/a> is back on April 24 after a two-year hiatus, hosting more than hundreds of exhibitions this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virtual events are no less fascinating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At our virtual explorer tours, attendees can explore microscopic marine plankton, learn about the future of solar energy, delve into a UCSF research lab that is designing ways to deliver medicine to target sites in the body, and more,” said Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some things remain hallmarks of the festival, it also changes year to year. “This year we have virtual and in-person opportunities as well as events in Spanish and Chinese,” said Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best part of the festival? You can find something for the whole family. You also can enjoy \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/science-museum-discounts/\">discounts at some of your favorite science museums\u003c/a>: the California Academy of Sciences, the Exploratorium and The Tech Interactive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your best resource for everything Bay Area Science Festival is\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/events/\"> their website and calendar\u003c/a>, which you can filter. Or if you prefer, you can print out \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2022_BASF_Program_Guide.pdf\">their program guide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few recommendations we hold close to our hearts — five events related to climate change and environmental science. Click the names to register:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/building-climate-resilience-in-the-bay-area/\">Building Climate Resilience in the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 25, 2022, 10 a.m.-11 a.m.\u003cbr>\nThis virtual behind-the-scenes tour from Save the Bay’s habitat restoration team will show you native tidal marsh species in action, providing habitat, filtering water, and protecting our shorelines from sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/changing-shorelines-and-the-future-of-san-francisco/\">Changing Shorelines and the Future of San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 25, 2022, 6 p.m.-7 p.m.\u003cbr>\nThis in-person tour and walk through the history of south San Francisco’s shoreline will be an exploration of how both climate change and sea-level rise have affected the shifts in our shorelines — and you’ll learn about ways to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/wildfire-from-space/\">Wildfire from Space\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 26, 2022, 7 p.m.-8 p.m.\u003cbr>\nOur very own KQED event, hosted by Danielle Venton and Robert Simmons from Planet Labs, offers virtual and in-person opportunities to learn about wildfires through satellite imagery. See wildfires from space and learn how the latest in satellite technology helps agencies and communities manage emergency response during burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/virtual-tour-of-recology-san-francisco/\">Virtual Tour of Recology San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 27, 2022, 12:30 p.m.-1:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\nWhat happens to the items you place in your curbside bins? This virtual event will help you learn about the history of Recology, what it takes to recycle all that stuff, and what you can do to create change that has impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/grey-water-and-wetlands-the-ecocenters-wastewater-treatment-system-2/\">Grey Water and Wetlands: The EcoCenter’s Wastewater Treatment System\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April 30, 2022, 2 p.m.-4 p.m.\u003cbr>\nThis in-person tour of the EcoCenter will explore environmental justice themes through the history of the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. You’ll learn how a shipping terminal became a restored wetland habitat. Plus, you’ll have a chance to transplant the native salt grass that helps restore wetlands and provides habitat for migrating birds.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A dancing robot, a tour of the Presidio — the Bay Area Science Festival offers events for the curious of all ages. Here's all you need to know about this science fair that begins April 21.",
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"title": "Celebrate Earth Day 2022 With Events for the Curious of All Ages at the Bay Area Science Festival | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area Science Festival is back in person at Oracle Park this year, with live demonstrations, hands-on experiments, and opportunities to meet and learn from local scientists. Dancing robots will be just one of hundreds of exhibitions, aimed at the curious of all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re thrilled to be back and have a great mix of both in-person and virtual events to inspire people of all ages to connect with science,” said Katherine Nielsen, co-founder of the festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going into its 11th year, the festival is offering \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/events/\">dozens of events\u003c/a>. It previously was held in the fall, but due to regional wildfires and the risk of wildfire smoke, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/CbvFBOtFP0A/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">festival has been moved to the spring\u003c/a> this year and will begin on Thursday, April 21 — in time to celebrate Earth Day on Friday, April 22 — and run through April 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things you’ll be able to do during this 10-day science fair is engage in numerous virtual and in-person explorer tours. One tour, in particular, takes you on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/presidio-archaeology-behind-the-scenes-tour/\">archaeological journey into the history of the Presidio\u003c/a>. Another takes you on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/the-natural-wonders-of-glen-canyon-park-2/\">exploration through Glen Canyon Park\u003c/a> while learning about the park’s wildlife and native habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, with an expected attendance of more than 25,000 visitors, the free \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/discovery-day-oracle-park/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Discovery Days at Oracle Park\u003c/a> is back on April 24 after a two-year hiatus, hosting more than hundreds of exhibitions this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virtual events are no less fascinating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At our virtual explorer tours, attendees can explore microscopic marine plankton, learn about the future of solar energy, delve into a UCSF research lab that is designing ways to deliver medicine to target sites in the body, and more,” said Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some things remain hallmarks of the festival, it also changes year to year. “This year we have virtual and in-person opportunities as well as events in Spanish and Chinese,” said Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best part of the festival? You can find something for the whole family. You also can enjoy \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/science-museum-discounts/\">discounts at some of your favorite science museums\u003c/a>: the California Academy of Sciences, the Exploratorium and The Tech Interactive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your best resource for everything Bay Area Science Festival is\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/events/\"> their website and calendar\u003c/a>, which you can filter. Or if you prefer, you can print out \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2022_BASF_Program_Guide.pdf\">their program guide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few recommendations we hold close to our hearts — five events related to climate change and environmental science. Click the names to register:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/building-climate-resilience-in-the-bay-area/\">Building Climate Resilience in the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 25, 2022, 10 a.m.-11 a.m.\u003cbr>\nThis virtual behind-the-scenes tour from Save the Bay’s habitat restoration team will show you native tidal marsh species in action, providing habitat, filtering water, and protecting our shorelines from sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/changing-shorelines-and-the-future-of-san-francisco/\">Changing Shorelines and the Future of San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 25, 2022, 6 p.m.-7 p.m.\u003cbr>\nThis in-person tour and walk through the history of south San Francisco’s shoreline will be an exploration of how both climate change and sea-level rise have affected the shifts in our shorelines — and you’ll learn about ways to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/wildfire-from-space/\">Wildfire from Space\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 26, 2022, 7 p.m.-8 p.m.\u003cbr>\nOur very own KQED event, hosted by Danielle Venton and Robert Simmons from Planet Labs, offers virtual and in-person opportunities to learn about wildfires through satellite imagery. See wildfires from space and learn how the latest in satellite technology helps agencies and communities manage emergency response during burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/virtual-tour-of-recology-san-francisco/\">Virtual Tour of Recology San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>April 27, 2022, 12:30 p.m.-1:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\nWhat happens to the items you place in your curbside bins? This virtual event will help you learn about the history of Recology, what it takes to recycle all that stuff, and what you can do to create change that has impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareasciencefestival.org/event/grey-water-and-wetlands-the-ecocenters-wastewater-treatment-system-2/\">Grey Water and Wetlands: The EcoCenter’s Wastewater Treatment System\u003c/a>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April 30, 2022, 2 p.m.-4 p.m.\u003cbr>\nThis in-person tour of the EcoCenter will explore environmental justice themes through the history of the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. You’ll learn how a shipping terminal became a restored wetland habitat. Plus, you’ll have a chance to transplant the native salt grass that helps restore wetlands and provides habitat for migrating birds.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here's How to See the Lyrids Meteor Shower Plus a Dramatic Lineup of Planets This Month",
"headTitle": "Here’s How to See the Lyrids Meteor Shower Plus a Dramatic Lineup of Planets This Month | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are you doing between midnight and dawn on April 22? Sleeping? There’s a better option: Watch the annual Lyrids meteor shower, and catch up on sleep later.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the early morning hours of Friday, April 22, especially in the last few hours before dawn, the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/meteor-shower/lyrids.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lyrids shower\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will reach its peak of activity, producing as many as 18 meteors per hour under good viewing conditions and a dark sky. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s one meteor every three minutes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you watch the Lyrids?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meteor watching requires minimal planning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First, find a safe viewing location as far from city lights and overhead obstructions as possible. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Second, plan your viewing for after midnight — best in the last hours before dawn. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And third, bring a snack and a hot beverage, and something comfortable to sit or lie down on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you live in or around the cities of the Bay, you may have to travel a bit to find a spot shielded from urban lights. Fortunately, the Bay Area is fringed with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/155/dark-secrets\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">decent viewing locations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> protected by surrounding topography — nothing like you can find far out in the country, but better than downtown San Francisco.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978878\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1978878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-800x269.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-800x269.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-1020x343.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-160x54.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-768x259.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-1536x517.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-2048x689.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-1920x646.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low fog partially blanketing the city lights of Oakland and San Francisco, as seen from Chabot Space and Science Center. Urban light pollution is caused by particles in the atmosphere that reflect city lights back to the ground, interfering with our viewing enjoyment of faint celestial objects, like stars and meteors. \u003ccite>(Carter Roberts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lyrid meteors streak from a point near the constellation \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stardate.org/astro-guide/lyra-harp-0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lyra\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, their namesake. After midnight, Lyra will be high in the eastern sky, marked by the bright star Vega, one of the luminary members of the\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/tonight/summer-triangle-predominates-during-the-summer-seaso/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Summer Triangle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you find your viewing spot, get comfortable and look toward the east. Though the meteors will radiate from the direction of Lyra, their streaks can appear anywhere, so anchor your sight on Vega, but soften your gaze to see as much of the sky as you can. Now, wait for your reward. Seeing even one shooting star is a thrill. Then, wait for another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Lyrids shower also has been known to produce \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amsmeteors.org/fireballs/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fireballs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/listening-to-fireballs-the-explosively-brilliant-m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">exploding meteors\u003c/a> — that look like quick, bright bursts of light. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the morning of the Lyrids shower offers a dramatic display from the planets in our solar system. You can spot a lineup of Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn, gradually rising around 4:30 to 5:00 a.m., strung out along the southeastern horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978882\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1033px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1033\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732.jpg 1033w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-800x496.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-1020x632.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-768x476.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1033px) 100vw, 1033px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How the southeastern sky will look around 4 a.m. on April 22, 2022, with Lyrid meteors appearing to streak from the radiant point. Also in the sky are the waning gibbous moon and the planets Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn. \u003ccite>(Map made at Chabot Space and Science Center using Stellarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The waning gibbous moon will rise around 1 a.m. and climb higher in the eastern sky for the rest of the night. Moonlight will wash out some of the fainter meteors, but won’t prevent you from seeing the brighter ones. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where do meteors come from?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/meteors-and-meteorites/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=id+asc&search=&condition_1=meteor_shower%3Abody_type\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meteor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a tiny bit of space rock or metal incinerated in a flash as it streaks through Earth’s upper atmosphere, at speeds of tens of miles per second. Usually no larger than pebbles, meteors can put on a brilliant light show, sometimes even revealing color — orange, blue or green — depending on composition and temperature.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978877\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2471px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2471\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-scaled.jpg 2471w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-800x829.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1020x1057.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-160x166.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-768x796.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1482x1536.jpg 1482w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1977x2048.jpg 1977w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1920x1989.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2471px) 100vw, 2471px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite photograph of meteors from the annual Leonids meteor shower, which takes place in November. \u003ccite>(Carter Roberts/Eastbay Astronomical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://stardate.org/nightsky/meteors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meteor shower\u003c/span>\u003c/a> happens when the Earth moves through a trail of dust left behind by the passage of a \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/in-depth/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">comet\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Earth slams into the dust trail at its orbital speed of 18 miles per second, the friction vaporizes the dust grains.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We see meteor showers under morning skies when we’re on the side of the Earth plowing into the comet’s dust trail — inconvenient if you’d like to get a good night’s sleep, but a spectacular show.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The dust trail supplying the Lyrids shower comes from a comet named \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/c-1861-g1-thatcher/in-depth/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">C/1861 G1, or Thatcher\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/l/Long-period+Comets#:~:text=Long%2Dperiod%20comets%20have%20orbital,known%20as%20the%20Oort%20Cloud.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">long-period\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” comet that orbits the sun every 415 years and last passed by the inner solar system more than 160 years ago. Even so, the dust left behind in its wake persists, and every year when Earth passes through it, we can enjoy the Lyrids shower. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Find a dark spot in the predawn of Friday, April 22, and you can watch the annual Lyrids meteor shower flash through the sky over a string of planets. ",
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"headline": "Here's How to See the Lyrids Meteor Shower Plus a Dramatic Lineup of Planets This Month",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are you doing between midnight and dawn on April 22? Sleeping? There’s a better option: Watch the annual Lyrids meteor shower, and catch up on sleep later.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the early morning hours of Friday, April 22, especially in the last few hours before dawn, the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/meteor-shower/lyrids.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lyrids shower\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will reach its peak of activity, producing as many as 18 meteors per hour under good viewing conditions and a dark sky. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s one meteor every three minutes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you watch the Lyrids?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meteor watching requires minimal planning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First, find a safe viewing location as far from city lights and overhead obstructions as possible. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Second, plan your viewing for after midnight — best in the last hours before dawn. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And third, bring a snack and a hot beverage, and something comfortable to sit or lie down on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you live in or around the cities of the Bay, you may have to travel a bit to find a spot shielded from urban lights. Fortunately, the Bay Area is fringed with \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/155/dark-secrets\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">decent viewing locations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> protected by surrounding topography — nothing like you can find far out in the country, but better than downtown San Francisco.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978878\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1978878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-800x269.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-800x269.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-1020x343.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-160x54.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-768x259.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-1536x517.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-2048x689.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/low-fog-1920x646.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low fog partially blanketing the city lights of Oakland and San Francisco, as seen from Chabot Space and Science Center. Urban light pollution is caused by particles in the atmosphere that reflect city lights back to the ground, interfering with our viewing enjoyment of faint celestial objects, like stars and meteors. \u003ccite>(Carter Roberts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lyrid meteors streak from a point near the constellation \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://stardate.org/astro-guide/lyra-harp-0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lyra\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, their namesake. After midnight, Lyra will be high in the eastern sky, marked by the bright star Vega, one of the luminary members of the\u003c/span> \u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/tonight/summer-triangle-predominates-during-the-summer-seaso/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Summer Triangle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you find your viewing spot, get comfortable and look toward the east. Though the meteors will radiate from the direction of Lyra, their streaks can appear anywhere, so anchor your sight on Vega, but soften your gaze to see as much of the sky as you can. Now, wait for your reward. Seeing even one shooting star is a thrill. Then, wait for another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Lyrids shower also has been known to produce \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amsmeteors.org/fireballs/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fireballs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/listening-to-fireballs-the-explosively-brilliant-m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">exploding meteors\u003c/a> — that look like quick, bright bursts of light. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the morning of the Lyrids shower offers a dramatic display from the planets in our solar system. You can spot a lineup of Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn, gradually rising around 4:30 to 5:00 a.m., strung out along the southeastern horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978882\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1033px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1033\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732.jpg 1033w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-800x496.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-1020x632.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/lyrids_shower_radiant-e1648668475732-768x476.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1033px) 100vw, 1033px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How the southeastern sky will look around 4 a.m. on April 22, 2022, with Lyrid meteors appearing to streak from the radiant point. Also in the sky are the waning gibbous moon and the planets Jupiter, Venus, Mars and Saturn. \u003ccite>(Map made at Chabot Space and Science Center using Stellarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The waning gibbous moon will rise around 1 a.m. and climb higher in the eastern sky for the rest of the night. Moonlight will wash out some of the fainter meteors, but won’t prevent you from seeing the brighter ones. \u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where do meteors come from?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/meteors-and-meteorites/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=id+asc&search=&condition_1=meteor_shower%3Abody_type\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meteor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a tiny bit of space rock or metal incinerated in a flash as it streaks through Earth’s upper atmosphere, at speeds of tens of miles per second. Usually no larger than pebbles, meteors can put on a brilliant light show, sometimes even revealing color — orange, blue or green — depending on composition and temperature.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1978877\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2471px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1978877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2471\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-scaled.jpg 2471w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-800x829.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1020x1057.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-160x166.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-768x796.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1482x1536.jpg 1482w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1977x2048.jpg 1977w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/03/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1920x1989.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2471px) 100vw, 2471px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Composite photograph of meteors from the annual Leonids meteor shower, which takes place in November. \u003ccite>(Carter Roberts/Eastbay Astronomical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://stardate.org/nightsky/meteors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">meteor shower\u003c/span>\u003c/a> happens when the Earth moves through a trail of dust left behind by the passage of a \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/in-depth/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">comet\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Earth slams into the dust trail at its orbital speed of 18 miles per second, the friction vaporizes the dust grains.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We see meteor showers under morning skies when we’re on the side of the Earth plowing into the comet’s dust trail — inconvenient if you’d like to get a good night’s sleep, but a spectacular show.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The dust trail supplying the Lyrids shower comes from a comet named \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/c-1861-g1-thatcher/in-depth/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">C/1861 G1, or Thatcher\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/l/Long-period+Comets#:~:text=Long%2Dperiod%20comets%20have%20orbital,known%20as%20the%20Oort%20Cloud.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">long-period\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” comet that orbits the sun every 415 years and last passed by the inner solar system more than 160 years ago. Even so, the dust left behind in its wake persists, and every year when Earth passes through it, we can enjoy the Lyrids shower. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Newsom Hailed This 'Critical' Wildfire-Prevention Program. Two Years On, It Hasn't Completed a Single Project",
"headTitle": "Newsom Hailed This ‘Critical’ Wildfire-Prevention Program. Two Years On, It Hasn’t Completed a Single Project | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the foothills of Mendocino County, where stretches of flat grazing land give way to thick brush and towering conifers, sits the community of Brooktrails.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Idyllic, picturesque — and primed for burning. Most of its 3,800 residents fled their homes in 2020 when the Oak Fire ignited north of town. Evacuees funneled onto Sherwood Road, the only route down the hillside and away from the flames.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' citation='Gov. Gavin Newsom']‘The scale of the wildfire crisis in California is unprecedented, and we need a response to match the scale and severity of this challenge.’[/pullquote]Residents fear the next blaze could burn straight across the community and the town’s only evacuation route won’t be enough. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the people of Brooktrails don’t need to fear being trapped. For two years, a local wildfire safety nonprofit, Sherwood Firewise Communities, has sought to clear a series of old, overgrown logging and emergency access roads that could provide alternative paths out of town. The roads also would allow fire engines into the community, easing congestion on existing evacuation routes. In March 2020, months before the Oak Fire, the nonprofit secured a grant from Cal Fire for over $447,000 to complete the project. But as of March, only four of the 20-plus miles of planned evacuation and access roads have been cleared. Most of the project is still waiting on paperwork and approvals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Area residents, who had to evacuate before, are worried about \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the slow progress.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It makes me very angry, very cynical, [and] frustrated,” said Brooktrails retiree Luis Celaya, 85. “This is something that is so important and the potential is so high that a fire could happen.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A monthslong investigation by CapRadio and The California Newsroom found that projects across the state, like the one in Brooktrails, are encountering a bureaucratic bottleneck before shovels can even break ground. The state’s byzantine environmental approval process, required under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), is slowing projects from Mendocino County to the Sierra Nevada to the Central Coast. The landmark environmental law was intended to protect ecologically and environmentally sensitive landscapes. But foresters worry that the glacial pace of environmental approvals under CEQA may lead to a much worse outcome — extreme wildfires obliterating these areas. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To combat this, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration launched a program more than two years ago that promised to break the logjam, by fast-tracking environmental reviews. But that program, called the California Vegetation Treatment Program (CalVTP), hasn’t led to the completion of a single project so far. This stands in stark contrast to projections by the state Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, which anticipated CalVTP would lead to 45,000 acres of completed work in its first year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979163\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A huge pile of bent and twisted metal fills the image, with blackened tree trunks in the background. A rusty, once-white car is behind the remains of a huge storage building. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2.jpg 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Just a few yards off Highway 101, a huge storage building was reduced to ash and twisted metal on Oct. 5, 2020. Property owner Rochelle Harn barely escaped the flames. \u003ccite>(Mathew Caine/Willits Weekly)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Keith Rutledge, project manager for Sherwood Firewise Communities in Brooktrails, told CapRadio and The California Newsroom that he had never heard of CalVTP. The nonprofit instead used the established system to satisfy CEQA to clear the first few miles of road, which took over a year. When they later asked a Cal Fire representative about using CalVTP on the rest of the project, the representative discouraged them from using the new program, cautioning it would be even more burdensome, according to multiple sources familiar with the matter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other experienced foresters said they didn’t know how to use the new system, which includes many new bureaucratic processes. The Board of Forestry did not respond to inquiries about its outreach and training for CalVTP; the earliest training webinar available on the board’s website is dated more than a year after the program’s launch. As a result, many foresters use the sluggish CEQA system they already understand.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Money is not the problem. The state set aside roughly \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-fires-climate-california-eec48e6279099449851b3c7f150cda33\">$1.5 billion for fire mitigation and forest resilience\u003c/a> last year. Cal Fire is \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4495\">scrambling to get this money out the door\u003c/a>, and many projects across the state are funded. But the clock is ticking. Without the green light to complete prescribed burns, fuel breaks and vegetation thinning, nearby communities are at the mercy of another wildfire season that threatens to be just as devastating as the last two, which burned nearly 7 million acres combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though not a single CalVTP project has been completed, Lisa Lien-Mager, deputy secretary for communications at the California Natural Resources Agency, claimed in a series of emails that the state’s efforts to speed up environmental reviews have shown early signs of success. She declined repeated requests for an interview. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newsom did not respond to an interview request, though a spokesperson acknowledged receiving the inquiry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New program, same problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2020, Newsom signed an agreement with the U.S. Forest Service, in which \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/8.12.20-CA-Shared-Stewardship-MOU.pdf\">USFS and California each promised to perform 500,000 acres of fire prevention\u003c/a> and forest management work in the state every year by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To help meet the state’s responsibility, the Newsom administration launched CalVTP in late 2019. The program promised to streamline the time-consuming environmental approval process for forest management projects. CalVTP completed a massive environmental review on more than 20 million acres in California. The idea was for new projects to cut through red tape by using this existing environmental review template instead of starting from scratch. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the program launched, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/12/31/california-certifies-statewide-programmatic-environmental-impact-review-to-protect-californians-from-catastrophic-wildfires/\">Newsom hailed it\u003c/a> as a way to “increase the pace and scale of critical vegetation treatment in a way that safely and responsibly protects our environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The scale of the wildfire crisis in California is unprecedented, and we need a response to match the scale and severity of this challenge,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Board of Forestry projected CalVTP’s output would skyrocket after its first year, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">setting a goal of accomplishing approximately 250,000 acres through CalVTP — half the state’s annual target — every year by 2024. Achieving this lofty target would mean completing hundreds of projects annually, according to the board’s estimates.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But more than two years into the program, it hasn’t resulted in a single completed project. A handful of local groups have begun projects using CalVTP, but it’s unclear how much progress they’ve made, because the Board of Forestry only collects data on a project when it’s finished. As of late March, the Natural Resources Agency said only 26 projects had been approved and another 45 proposals were being reviewed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The agency did not provide current figures on the number of project acres approved through CalVTP. In December, it told CapRadio and The California Newsroom that the program had approved 28,000 acres. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is not enough by any stretch of the imagination,” said Char Miller, professor of environmental analysis and history at Pomona College, who has monitored the development of CalVTP. He says California has millions of acres in desperate need of forest management and fuel reduction. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nevertheless, officials in the Newsom administration have continued to gloss over CalVTP falling dramatically short of its goals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The California Vegetation Treatment Program, this one-stop shop for permitting … is now in action,” said Wade Crowfoot, California Natural Resources Agency secretary, at a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.assembly.ca.gov/media/assembly-budget-subcommittee-3-20220202/video\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">legislative oversight hearing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in early February. “And it’s starting to be used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lien-Mager, with the Natural Resources Agency, did not address specific requests for comment regarding Crowfoot’s remarks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In interviews, foresters and fire prevention experts around the state said they still don’t fully understand how the program is supposed to work. Others were turned off by the large amount of unfamiliar paperwork required under the program. \u003ca href=\"https://bof.fire.ca.gov/media/extnp0al/psa-flow-chart_ada.pdf\">CalVTP’s official workflow template\u003c/a>, published\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s website\u003c/span>\u003cb>, \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">includes a dizzying decision tree of acronyms.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979165\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-800x688.png\" alt='A green rectangle named \"Planned Project\" starts off a decision tree with 9 layers of approvals and multiple arrows categorizing the project status, ending at the bottom with a green rectangle called \"Completed Projects.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart.png 814w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalVTP’s official workflow template, published on the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s website, includes nine layers of decision-making and marks the process with multiple arrows. \u003ccite>(Board of Forestry and Fire Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fire prevention project managers who’ve tried to use the program have faced unforeseen hurdles. For example, the Central Coast Prescribed Burn Association wanted to use a single CalVTP application for a series of controlled burns across Santa Cruz, San Benito and Monterey counties. The 10 prescribed burn sites would help protect homes and ecologically sensitive habitats, including freshwater wetlands. The threat of fire isn’t hypothetical in this area — just two years ago, the 48,000-acre \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/16/river-fire/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">River Fire\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> burned within 15 miles of one project site.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the projects straddle two Cal Fire units, according to Nadia Hamey, a forester and environmental consultant working with the burn association. She said each unit wanted a separate CalVTP application for the proposed burns in their area. Completing two versions of the new, unfamiliar paperwork proved too burdensome.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So the burn association decided to use the traditional environmental review process. That required 10 separate project applications. As of this winter, two burns had been completed, with the rest moving through the development and approval process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hamey said she would love to use CalVTP — “if it was a straightforward path for the projects we’re trying to do.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A few projects breaking ground\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an email, Lien-Mager said the number of projects approved is not the best way to gauge CalVTP’s success.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The measure of CalVTP’s success is the time it takes to get projects cleared and on the ground,” she said. “The physical work of fuels treatment is an entirely separate exercise.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Based on the early data available, CalVTP has significantly expedited projects,” she added. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That claim is at odds with an initial review by the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We didn’t find clear data showing that it had significantly expedited projects,” Helen Kerstein, an analyst with the LAO, told lawmakers during a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2021/12/07/after-long-delay-california-lawmakers-hold-wildfire-oversight-hearing/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wildfire oversight hearing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> late last year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although two years had passed since Newsom formally launched the program, Kerstein told lawmakers that “it’s very early days” for CalVTP. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are other potential complications. A \u003ca href=\"https://bof.fire.ca.gov/media/dannit4m/calvtp-faqs.pdf\">lawsuit brought by two groups opposed to CalVTP’s expedited environmental review\u003c/a> — the California Chaparral Institute and the Endangered Habitats League — could invalidate CalVTP completely or introduce more burdensome and timely hoops for forest managers to jump through, according to a \u003c/span>memo\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the Board of Forestry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the lawsuit isn’t preventing any projects from moving forward right now, the board memo cautions that project managers should consider the “uncertainty” posed by the litigation before using CalVTP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people using the new program say it is accomplishing what it set out to do. While no CalVTP project has been completed, a few are making progress on the ground. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">JoAnna Lessard, manager of the Yuba Water Agency’s Watershed Resilience and Forest Health Program, said CalVTP “allowed us to get out there in the field probably a year faster than we would have otherwise.” The program has helped expedite \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.yubawater.org/337/Yuba-Foothills-Healthy-Forest-Project%5D\">a 5,400-acre project in Yuba County\u003c/a>, she said. So far, about 3,000 acres of vegetation thinning and removal have been completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wood chippers have started thinning ladder fuels between stands of looming trees in the Yuba River watershed in the Sierra foothills, north of Sacramento. Prescribed burning also is planned to help reintroduce low-intensity fire to the landscape. The project aims to protect an essential ecological feature of the foothills, as well as surrounding communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Yuba Water Agency hired the same consulting firm that crafted the giant environmental review document for CalVTP. Lessard said that decision also helped the agency navigate the new approval process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We had the money, we had the people — we just needed the ability to get out there by completing environmental compliance,” Lessard said. “And [CalVTP] really did streamline that.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wolfy Rougle, forest health watershed coordinator for the Butte County Resource Conservation District, also is using CalVTP for a roughly 1,200-acre prescribed burn.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an email, Rougle said that the program helped save the district $2,000 in fees. And she believes it could be useful for “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">smaller organizations [without] experience or confidence creating their own” projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But, in an email, she noted that “it’s not *necessarily* faster” than the traditional project review process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Still waiting for approval\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, most project managers are using the old environmental review process. And even relatively simple, low-impact projects can get bogged down. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Back in the Mendocino County community of Brooktrails, workers have started clearing brush on a few miles of planned access and evacuation routes. But most roads remain overgrown and impassable.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979162\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979162\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Five men in work clothes and blue hardhats clear brush and saw small tree trunks. They are working on a hillside, with larger trees in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Conservation Corps crew works on mitigating small-diameter trees and branches off Spring Creek Road near Brooktrails atop the ridge in the Sherwood Corridor, in February 2022. The work will help provide a safe exit to Highway 101 in case Sherwood Road becomes impassible. \u003ccite>(Mathew Caine/Willits Weekly)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After awarding the grant nearly two years ago, Cal Fire advised Sherwood Firewise Communities that the project’s environmental impact was likely so minimal that it could apply for a “notice of exemption” — what is supposed to be the most efficient way of satisfying CEQA under the established system. The nonprofit would still have to clear a few hurdles, such as a plant survey and archaeological review — but that process, for only the first part of the project, took over a year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They’re now preparing the notice of exemption paperwork for the second leg of the project — after Cal Fire discouraged them from using CalVTP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rutledge, the project manager, said he understands that approvals for fire prevention projects can’t be completed overnight. But he added that he’d like to see the state “step up and streamline their process” for environmental review, especially as it pumps more money into proposed projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “Our No. 1 goal,” he said, “is to try to keep people from dying.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Newsroom is a collaboration of public radio stations, NPR and CalMatters.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In late 2019, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced a new program to dramatically speed up the state's wildfire prevention work. But a monthslong investigation found that a bureaucratic bottleneck is holding up projects before shovels can even break ground.",
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"description": "In late 2019, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced a new program to dramatically speed up the state's wildfire prevention work. But a monthslong investigation found that a bureaucratic bottleneck is holding up projects before shovels can even break ground.",
"title": "Newsom Hailed This 'Critical' Wildfire-Prevention Program. Two Years On, It Hasn't Completed a Single Project | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the foothills of Mendocino County, where stretches of flat grazing land give way to thick brush and towering conifers, sits the community of Brooktrails.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Idyllic, picturesque — and primed for burning. Most of its 3,800 residents fled their homes in 2020 when the Oak Fire ignited north of town. Evacuees funneled onto Sherwood Road, the only route down the hillside and away from the flames.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The scale of the wildfire crisis in California is unprecedented, and we need a response to match the scale and severity of this challenge.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Residents fear the next blaze could burn straight across the community and the town’s only evacuation route won’t be enough. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the people of Brooktrails don’t need to fear being trapped. For two years, a local wildfire safety nonprofit, Sherwood Firewise Communities, has sought to clear a series of old, overgrown logging and emergency access roads that could provide alternative paths out of town. The roads also would allow fire engines into the community, easing congestion on existing evacuation routes. In March 2020, months before the Oak Fire, the nonprofit secured a grant from Cal Fire for over $447,000 to complete the project. But as of March, only four of the 20-plus miles of planned evacuation and access roads have been cleared. Most of the project is still waiting on paperwork and approvals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Area residents, who had to evacuate before, are worried about \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the slow progress.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It makes me very angry, very cynical, [and] frustrated,” said Brooktrails retiree Luis Celaya, 85. “This is something that is so important and the potential is so high that a fire could happen.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A monthslong investigation by CapRadio and The California Newsroom found that projects across the state, like the one in Brooktrails, are encountering a bureaucratic bottleneck before shovels can even break ground. The state’s byzantine environmental approval process, required under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), is slowing projects from Mendocino County to the Sierra Nevada to the Central Coast. The landmark environmental law was intended to protect ecologically and environmentally sensitive landscapes. But foresters worry that the glacial pace of environmental approvals under CEQA may lead to a much worse outcome — extreme wildfires obliterating these areas. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To combat this, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration launched a program more than two years ago that promised to break the logjam, by fast-tracking environmental reviews. But that program, called the California Vegetation Treatment Program (CalVTP), hasn’t led to the completion of a single project so far. This stands in stark contrast to projections by the state Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, which anticipated CalVTP would lead to 45,000 acres of completed work in its first year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979163\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A huge pile of bent and twisted metal fills the image, with blackened tree trunks in the background. A rusty, once-white car is behind the remains of a huge storage building. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails2.jpg 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Just a few yards off Highway 101, a huge storage building was reduced to ash and twisted metal on Oct. 5, 2020. Property owner Rochelle Harn barely escaped the flames. \u003ccite>(Mathew Caine/Willits Weekly)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Keith Rutledge, project manager for Sherwood Firewise Communities in Brooktrails, told CapRadio and The California Newsroom that he had never heard of CalVTP. The nonprofit instead used the established system to satisfy CEQA to clear the first few miles of road, which took over a year. When they later asked a Cal Fire representative about using CalVTP on the rest of the project, the representative discouraged them from using the new program, cautioning it would be even more burdensome, according to multiple sources familiar with the matter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other experienced foresters said they didn’t know how to use the new system, which includes many new bureaucratic processes. The Board of Forestry did not respond to inquiries about its outreach and training for CalVTP; the earliest training webinar available on the board’s website is dated more than a year after the program’s launch. As a result, many foresters use the sluggish CEQA system they already understand.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Money is not the problem. The state set aside roughly \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-fires-climate-california-eec48e6279099449851b3c7f150cda33\">$1.5 billion for fire mitigation and forest resilience\u003c/a> last year. Cal Fire is \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4495\">scrambling to get this money out the door\u003c/a>, and many projects across the state are funded. But the clock is ticking. Without the green light to complete prescribed burns, fuel breaks and vegetation thinning, nearby communities are at the mercy of another wildfire season that threatens to be just as devastating as the last two, which burned nearly 7 million acres combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though not a single CalVTP project has been completed, Lisa Lien-Mager, deputy secretary for communications at the California Natural Resources Agency, claimed in a series of emails that the state’s efforts to speed up environmental reviews have shown early signs of success. She declined repeated requests for an interview. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Newsom did not respond to an interview request, though a spokesperson acknowledged receiving the inquiry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New program, same problems\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2020, Newsom signed an agreement with the U.S. Forest Service, in which \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/8.12.20-CA-Shared-Stewardship-MOU.pdf\">USFS and California each promised to perform 500,000 acres of fire prevention\u003c/a> and forest management work in the state every year by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To help meet the state’s responsibility, the Newsom administration launched CalVTP in late 2019. The program promised to streamline the time-consuming environmental approval process for forest management projects. CalVTP completed a massive environmental review on more than 20 million acres in California. The idea was for new projects to cut through red tape by using this existing environmental review template instead of starting from scratch. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the program launched, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/12/31/california-certifies-statewide-programmatic-environmental-impact-review-to-protect-californians-from-catastrophic-wildfires/\">Newsom hailed it\u003c/a> as a way to “increase the pace and scale of critical vegetation treatment in a way that safely and responsibly protects our environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The scale of the wildfire crisis in California is unprecedented, and we need a response to match the scale and severity of this challenge,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Board of Forestry projected CalVTP’s output would skyrocket after its first year, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">setting a goal of accomplishing approximately 250,000 acres through CalVTP — half the state’s annual target — every year by 2024. Achieving this lofty target would mean completing hundreds of projects annually, according to the board’s estimates.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But more than two years into the program, it hasn’t resulted in a single completed project. A handful of local groups have begun projects using CalVTP, but it’s unclear how much progress they’ve made, because the Board of Forestry only collects data on a project when it’s finished. As of late March, the Natural Resources Agency said only 26 projects had been approved and another 45 proposals were being reviewed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The agency did not provide current figures on the number of project acres approved through CalVTP. In December, it told CapRadio and The California Newsroom that the program had approved 28,000 acres. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is not enough by any stretch of the imagination,” said Char Miller, professor of environmental analysis and history at Pomona College, who has monitored the development of CalVTP. He says California has millions of acres in desperate need of forest management and fuel reduction. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nevertheless, officials in the Newsom administration have continued to gloss over CalVTP falling dramatically short of its goals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The California Vegetation Treatment Program, this one-stop shop for permitting … is now in action,” said Wade Crowfoot, California Natural Resources Agency secretary, at a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.assembly.ca.gov/media/assembly-budget-subcommittee-3-20220202/video\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">legislative oversight hearing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in early February. “And it’s starting to be used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lien-Mager, with the Natural Resources Agency, did not address specific requests for comment regarding Crowfoot’s remarks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In interviews, foresters and fire prevention experts around the state said they still don’t fully understand how the program is supposed to work. Others were turned off by the large amount of unfamiliar paperwork required under the program. \u003ca href=\"https://bof.fire.ca.gov/media/extnp0al/psa-flow-chart_ada.pdf\">CalVTP’s official workflow template\u003c/a>, published\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s website\u003c/span>\u003cb>, \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">includes a dizzying decision tree of acronyms.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979165\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-800x688.png\" alt='A green rectangle named \"Planned Project\" starts off a decision tree with 9 layers of approvals and multiple arrows categorizing the project status, ending at the bottom with a green rectangle called \"Completed Projects.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/CalVTP_flowchart.png 814w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalVTP’s official workflow template, published on the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s website, includes nine layers of decision-making and marks the process with multiple arrows. \u003ccite>(Board of Forestry and Fire Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fire prevention project managers who’ve tried to use the program have faced unforeseen hurdles. For example, the Central Coast Prescribed Burn Association wanted to use a single CalVTP application for a series of controlled burns across Santa Cruz, San Benito and Monterey counties. The 10 prescribed burn sites would help protect homes and ecologically sensitive habitats, including freshwater wetlands. The threat of fire isn’t hypothetical in this area — just two years ago, the 48,000-acre \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/16/river-fire/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">River Fire\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> burned within 15 miles of one project site.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the projects straddle two Cal Fire units, according to Nadia Hamey, a forester and environmental consultant working with the burn association. She said each unit wanted a separate CalVTP application for the proposed burns in their area. Completing two versions of the new, unfamiliar paperwork proved too burdensome.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So the burn association decided to use the traditional environmental review process. That required 10 separate project applications. As of this winter, two burns had been completed, with the rest moving through the development and approval process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hamey said she would love to use CalVTP — “if it was a straightforward path for the projects we’re trying to do.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A few projects breaking ground\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an email, Lien-Mager said the number of projects approved is not the best way to gauge CalVTP’s success.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The measure of CalVTP’s success is the time it takes to get projects cleared and on the ground,” she said. “The physical work of fuels treatment is an entirely separate exercise.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Based on the early data available, CalVTP has significantly expedited projects,” she added. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That claim is at odds with an initial review by the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We didn’t find clear data showing that it had significantly expedited projects,” Helen Kerstein, an analyst with the LAO, told lawmakers during a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2021/12/07/after-long-delay-california-lawmakers-hold-wildfire-oversight-hearing/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wildfire oversight hearing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> late last year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although two years had passed since Newsom formally launched the program, Kerstein told lawmakers that “it’s very early days” for CalVTP. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are other potential complications. A \u003ca href=\"https://bof.fire.ca.gov/media/dannit4m/calvtp-faqs.pdf\">lawsuit brought by two groups opposed to CalVTP’s expedited environmental review\u003c/a> — the California Chaparral Institute and the Endangered Habitats League — could invalidate CalVTP completely or introduce more burdensome and timely hoops for forest managers to jump through, according to a \u003c/span>memo\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the Board of Forestry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the lawsuit isn’t preventing any projects from moving forward right now, the board memo cautions that project managers should consider the “uncertainty” posed by the litigation before using CalVTP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people using the new program say it is accomplishing what it set out to do. While no CalVTP project has been completed, a few are making progress on the ground. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">JoAnna Lessard, manager of the Yuba Water Agency’s Watershed Resilience and Forest Health Program, said CalVTP “allowed us to get out there in the field probably a year faster than we would have otherwise.” The program has helped expedite \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.yubawater.org/337/Yuba-Foothills-Healthy-Forest-Project%5D\">a 5,400-acre project in Yuba County\u003c/a>, she said. So far, about 3,000 acres of vegetation thinning and removal have been completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wood chippers have started thinning ladder fuels between stands of looming trees in the Yuba River watershed in the Sierra foothills, north of Sacramento. Prescribed burning also is planned to help reintroduce low-intensity fire to the landscape. The project aims to protect an essential ecological feature of the foothills, as well as surrounding communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Yuba Water Agency hired the same consulting firm that crafted the giant environmental review document for CalVTP. Lessard said that decision also helped the agency navigate the new approval process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We had the money, we had the people — we just needed the ability to get out there by completing environmental compliance,” Lessard said. “And [CalVTP] really did streamline that.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wolfy Rougle, forest health watershed coordinator for the Butte County Resource Conservation District, also is using CalVTP for a roughly 1,200-acre prescribed burn.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an email, Rougle said that the program helped save the district $2,000 in fees. And she believes it could be useful for “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">smaller organizations [without] experience or confidence creating their own” projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But, in an email, she noted that “it’s not *necessarily* faster” than the traditional project review process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Still waiting for approval\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, most project managers are using the old environmental review process. And even relatively simple, low-impact projects can get bogged down. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Back in the Mendocino County community of Brooktrails, workers have started clearing brush on a few miles of planned access and evacuation routes. But most roads remain overgrown and impassable.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979162\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979162\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Five men in work clothes and blue hardhats clear brush and saw small tree trunks. They are working on a hillside, with larger trees in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Brooktrails1.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Conservation Corps crew works on mitigating small-diameter trees and branches off Spring Creek Road near Brooktrails atop the ridge in the Sherwood Corridor, in February 2022. The work will help provide a safe exit to Highway 101 in case Sherwood Road becomes impassible. \u003ccite>(Mathew Caine/Willits Weekly)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After awarding the grant nearly two years ago, Cal Fire advised Sherwood Firewise Communities that the project’s environmental impact was likely so minimal that it could apply for a “notice of exemption” — what is supposed to be the most efficient way of satisfying CEQA under the established system. The nonprofit would still have to clear a few hurdles, such as a plant survey and archaeological review — but that process, for only the first part of the project, took over a year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They’re now preparing the notice of exemption paperwork for the second leg of the project — after Cal Fire discouraged them from using CalVTP.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rutledge, the project manager, said he understands that approvals for fire prevention projects can’t be completed overnight. But he added that he’d like to see the state “step up and streamline their process” for environmental review, especially as it pumps more money into proposed projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “Our No. 1 goal,” he said, “is to try to keep people from dying.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Newsroom is a collaboration of public radio stations, NPR and CalMatters.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Slick Business: Texas Oil Company Wants to Use California Clean Energy Credits to Extract More Oil",
"headTitle": "Slick Business: Texas Oil Company Wants to Use California Clean Energy Credits to Extract More Oil | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Occidental Petroleum is seeking to sell credits in California’s transportation carbon market to help finance the construction of what would be the world’s largest industrial carbon dioxide removal plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The operation would effectively invert what Occidental has done for a century, by taking carbon out of the air and sending it underground, even if on a relatively small scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a twist. Occidental has said it plans to use some or most of the carbon dioxide it captures from the Texas plant to squeeze more petroleum out of the ground, by pumping it into aging oil fields. As a result, the California carbon market, which is meant to help lower the climate emissions of transportation in the state, could supply tens of millions of dollars to help extract more oil, thereby contributing more emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Danny Cullenward, CarbonPlan']‘There’s a holy war brewing in climate politics over these kinds of technologies and whether or not they’re a tool of the oil industry.’[/pullquote]Occidental’s plans raise one of environmental advocates’ biggest concerns about carbon removal technologies: that they will be used by oil companies to delay the far more urgent task of rapidly transitioning away from fossil fuels. By allowing companies to sell credits for captured carbon dioxide used to produce oil, some advocates warn, California’s program is poised to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Chief Executive Vicki Hollub has said Occidental will expand oil production, rather than curtail it, using captured CO2 to produce what the company is audaciously branding as “net-zero oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People familiar with Occidental’s plans say that accessing California’s transportation market is critical to financing the “direct air capture” plant, which the company has said would cost up to $1 billion and would initially pull half-a-million metric tons of the greenhouse gas out of the air every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occidental says it will break ground this year in West Texas, near Odessa. If the project is completed as planned, it would mark a quantum leap for a technology that some scientists and advocates say could play an important role in meeting climate targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressed by a raft of climate disasters, regional and national governments across the globe are rushing to support carbon removal technologies. The bipartisan infrastructure bill that Congress passed last year included $3.5 billion to build direct air capture “hubs.” Meanwhile, New York and Washington, the European Union and others have enacted or are considering a range of possible incentives, from clean-fuel policies like California’s to government procurement programs for carbon dioxide removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some environmental advocates say that many of the policies that are emerging, including California’s clean fuels market and a federal carbon capture tax credit, have been shaped by oil companies to their own advantage, diluting the climate benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a holy war brewing in climate politics over these kinds of technologies and whether or not they’re a tool of the oil industry,” said Danny Cullenward, the policy director at CarbonPlan, a nonprofit that analyzes the integrity of carbon removal efforts. Cullenward said incentives like California’s are beginning to shape a new field, “and I don’t think it’s an accident that we’re seeing deployment aligned with industry priorities. Deployment is not aligning around pure climate objectives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Getting to ‘net zero’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case for carbon removal emerged from the uncertain math of climate models. When climate scientists have tried to model pathways that limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, nearly all of them have required some degree of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Many of the models require billions of tons of carbon removal per year by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When accounting for sectors like agriculture and long-haul shipping, scientists and governments simply haven’t figured out how to get all the way to zero emissions fast enough. That leaves carbon removal to provide the “net” in “net zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few if any scientists or experts think direct air capture technology alone can achieve that scale. Natural carbon removal like reforestation will need to play a large role, and there are a suite of other techniques, like converting waste biomass into charcoal that can be mixed into the soil or tinkering with seawater to enhance its absorption of CO2. But all these approaches have their limits, risks and drawbacks, and increasingly, many people say direct air capture should be part of the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1979076 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px.png\" alt=\"Graphic titled "How An Oil Company Plans to Pull Carbon from the Air." It's a cartoon overhead view of the plant Occidental proposes building, with arrows and text bubble indicating what the various buildings, silos, etc., do, and how everything is connected.\" width=\"750\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px-160x149.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the largest existing direct air capture plant, built by the Swiss start-up Climeworks, which has not partnered with oil companies, removes only 4,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year. Even if Occidental can realize its direct air capture ambitions to eventually remove 1 million tons annually at its Texas plant, the benefit would be minuscule on a planetary scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Energy Agency has said direct air capture capacity must reach roughly 85 million tons by 2030, a feat that would still represent less than three-tenths of 1% of current global energy-related emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope, or prayer, is that capacity could rise sharply in the following two decades. By 2050, the Biden administration’s long-term strategy for reaching net-zero emissions is counting on direct air capture and other carbon removal technologies to make up nearly 10% of all emissions cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is whether the technology can be pursued in such a way that it doesn’t distract or detract from the urgent task of phasing out fossil fuels. And many advocates warn there’s little hope of achieving that goal if the emerging direct air capture industry is built by oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Seeking access to California’s market \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s low-carbon fuel standard, or LCFS, aims to lower the state’s transportation emissions by setting a statewide benchmark for the carbon intensity of its fuels. In order to sell gasoline or diesel, which fall above that mark, a refiner must buy credits, which companies generate by selling low-carbon fuels like biodiesel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2018, oil refineries and biofuels plants also have been allowed to install carbon capture equipment to effectively lower the carbon intensity of their fuels. Direct air capture plants do not need to sell any fuel at all — they can simply generate and sell credits by capturing and storing carbon dioxide. They cannot, however, sell the oil they extract with the CO2 they capture as a low-carbon fuel. Any of these operations can be located outside California, but refiners or biofuels plants must sell their fuel in the state to access its carbon market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of the credits fluctuates, but at the beginning of this year they averaged about $170 per metric ton of carbon dioxide, making the market extremely attractive for carbon capture and removal operations looking to cover their costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Zeller, vice president of technology at Occidental’s low-carbon business, said in an interview last month that his company was working with regulators in California to gain access to the LCFS market for the Texas direct air capture plant. He did not elaborate on whether the company plans to sell credits for captured CO2 that is used for oil production, as opposed to pure storage. Occidental declined to answer questions for this article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the LCFS rules are clear: Companies are free to sell credits for carbon removal from the atmosphere, even if the carbon is used to extract more oil, and they are not required to account for the emissions that come from burning that oil when determining how many carbon credits they can sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many environmental advocates say that system undermines the state’s larger climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Giving a carbon capture project the same number of credits whether or not it helps produce additional oil makes no sense as a climate mitigation or a carbon removal policy,” said Cullenward, the policy director at CarbonPlan, in an email. “It only makes sense as a carbon capture technology subsidy that actively privileges oil and gas production over climate-safe applications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s equal treatment of carbon dioxide used for so-called “enhanced oil recovery” and that which is just stored is particularly problematic, Cullenward said, because each credit sold in the state represents an additional volume of gasoline or diesel that is burned in its cars and trucks. In other words, the removal comes instead of phasing out some amount of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeremy Martin, director of fuels policy at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said he thinks the state should “adjust” how it treats enhanced oil recovery. Like many environmental advocates who support carbon removal technologies, Martin said their promise is in helping address emissions from certain sectors, like aviation and heavy industry, that are extremely difficult or expensive to reduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I think it’s also really important not to lose sight of the fact that using these technologies to maximize emissions reduction as we’re transitioning off of petroleum, that’s what makes sense to us, that’s what our analysis supports,” Martin said. “It does not support using these technologies as an alternative to ramping down petroleum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Environmental Justice Advisory Committee for California’s Air Resources Board, which administers the LCFS, submitted draft comments recommending that enhanced oil recovery projects be barred from the system, warning that allowing them increases emissions and extends the life of “highly polluting facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Duffy, a staffer at the board’s LCFS program, said in an interview that his agency had developed robust regulations to ensure that carbon dioxide storage is safe and well monitored, even when it is injected in oil fields, but that any emissions that come from the oil produced are “not part of the accounting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Occidental’s grand ambition \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the CERAWeek energy conference last month in Houston, a couple of dozen men and women hailing mostly from the financial and energy sectors watched as Occidental unveiled a holographic animation of its direct air capture plant. The presentation showed a rectangular perimeter of giant fans sucking in vast volumes of virtual air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has licensed technology from Carbon Engineering, a Canadian direct air capture start-up, that passes air over a mineral-laced liquid, which draws out the carbon. The display showed how this carbonated mineral would then be sent through a series of pipes and towers, which would mix it with another mineral before processing and heating it to eventually produce a concentrated stream of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-800x596.png\" alt=\"An rendering of a plant to capture carbon from the air shows a long brown building running across the foreground, with large round fans inset along the roof of the building. The ground is brown and the sky is pale blue with puffy clouds.\" width=\"800\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-800x596.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-1020x760.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-160x119.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-768x572.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage.png 1062w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of a planned direct air capture plant in Texas that would initially pull 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide out of the air annually. Occidental Petroleum, which is planning to build the plant, would use some or most of the carbon dioxide it captures to pump more oil out of depleted reservoirs. \u003ccite>(Carbon Engineering)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plant would be powered with a combination of renewable energy, generated specifically for its operation, and natural gas. Carbon Engineering’s designs include equipment to capture the emissions from burning the natural gas as part of the plant’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That morning, Hollub, Occidental’s CEO, told a ballroom full of people at the annual energy industry conference that “initially, this was solely a business focus for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s oil fields in the Permian Basin, beneath Texas and New Mexico, still hold about 2 billion barrels of oil, she said, but in order to pump the oil to the surface, Occidental must inject carbon dioxide into the reservoir to increase its pressure. That carbon dioxide had generally been mined from naturally occurring underground pools, but about a dozen years ago, Hollub said, they realized those pools were drying up. “There wasn’t sufficient CO2 to help us develop all of those reserves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps carbon capture offered a solution, she recalled. Technologies to extract carbon dioxide from exhaust plumes had been used by industry for decades, and more recently, some scientists and companies had begun experimenting with ways to pull the gas straight from the air. Even when it is injected in oil fields, the vast majority of the carbon dioxide can be locked away underground, if it is monitored properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For both approaches, the chief obstacle to scaling the technology is not technical but financial, so Occidental set about trying to help tip the scales, and in 2018, two key pieces fell into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, Congress passed an expansion of a federal tax credit for carbon capture and storage, which Hollub said her company worked on with then-Sen. Heidi Heitkamp, a North Dakota Democrat and the bill’s sponsor. And in California, state regulators began allowing carbon capture and direct air capture plants to begin accessing its low-carbon fuels market, even if they were located outside the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both changes drew lobbying and support from Occidental and other oil companies. And because carbon capture or direct air capture projects can combine, or “stack,” the two credits, a new market emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To underscore the importance of the 2018 federal tax credit to his business, Zeller, the vice president at Occidental’s low-carbon business, told a CERAWeek panel, “That’s the reason I’m here today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a call with investors late last month, Hollub and other executives said the company would build 70 direct air capture plants by 2035. But central to this plan is a strategy to produce what Occidental calls “net-zero oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, nearly all of the carbon dioxide injected for enhanced oil recovery can remain underground if it is monitored properly, and experts say it is possible to store more carbon dioxide than is emitted by the oil that’s produced. Compared to a conventional barrel of oil, the life-cycle emissions are substantially lower, and Hollub has made a spirited case for the environmental benefits of oil pumped with captured CO2, saying it is better than drilling new fields with new infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a March interview, Zeller said the company’s position has evolved, from focusing almost purely on producing oil to being open to other uses for the carbon dioxide. If a customer is willing to pay a premium to inject carbon dioxide for pure storage, he said, “sure, OK, we’ll do that.” If companies want to buy CO2 to make synthetic fuel, he said, “sure, no problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zeller made it clear that Occidental’s plans haven’t strayed from oil, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to be listening to the market, and people aren’t ready for net-zero oil, really, they’re not,” he said, adding, “They will be, because it is going to be a high-value, low-cost answer, and people just need to get past the emotions of it, and they will. They have to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three weeks, Occidental has announced a flurry of activity around its direct air capture plans. Airbus, the European airplane manufacturer, said it would buy credits to remove 100,000 metric tons per year for four years from the Texas plant, coming on top of investments by United Airlines, Shopify and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One week later, Occidental announced a deal with a South Korean refiner to buy up to 200,000 barrels of oil squeezed out of the ground with CO2 captured by the Texas plant. In a press release, the companies boasted of a milestone in emissions reduction efforts, an “affordable, scalable” way to work toward their own climate goals, by buying and selling net-zero oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pVpuCW682XuzAGmkurLDvW?domain=insideclimatenews.org\">\u003cem>InsideClimate News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/bJVSCXDM32FBx0oJiEwEOr?domain=insideclimatenews.org\">Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem>here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The oil company plans on removing carbon from the atmosphere and pumping it into the ground to extract more oil in the Permian Basin. Climate activists fear the fossil fuel industry will use this new technology as a cover for continuing to sell oil.",
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"title": "Slick Business: Texas Oil Company Wants to Use California Clean Energy Credits to Extract More Oil | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Occidental Petroleum is seeking to sell credits in California’s transportation carbon market to help finance the construction of what would be the world’s largest industrial carbon dioxide removal plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The operation would effectively invert what Occidental has done for a century, by taking carbon out of the air and sending it underground, even if on a relatively small scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a twist. Occidental has said it plans to use some or most of the carbon dioxide it captures from the Texas plant to squeeze more petroleum out of the ground, by pumping it into aging oil fields. As a result, the California carbon market, which is meant to help lower the climate emissions of transportation in the state, could supply tens of millions of dollars to help extract more oil, thereby contributing more emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘There’s a holy war brewing in climate politics over these kinds of technologies and whether or not they’re a tool of the oil industry.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Occidental’s plans raise one of environmental advocates’ biggest concerns about carbon removal technologies: that they will be used by oil companies to delay the far more urgent task of rapidly transitioning away from fossil fuels. By allowing companies to sell credits for captured carbon dioxide used to produce oil, some advocates warn, California’s program is poised to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Chief Executive Vicki Hollub has said Occidental will expand oil production, rather than curtail it, using captured CO2 to produce what the company is audaciously branding as “net-zero oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People familiar with Occidental’s plans say that accessing California’s transportation market is critical to financing the “direct air capture” plant, which the company has said would cost up to $1 billion and would initially pull half-a-million metric tons of the greenhouse gas out of the air every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occidental says it will break ground this year in West Texas, near Odessa. If the project is completed as planned, it would mark a quantum leap for a technology that some scientists and advocates say could play an important role in meeting climate targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressed by a raft of climate disasters, regional and national governments across the globe are rushing to support carbon removal technologies. The bipartisan infrastructure bill that Congress passed last year included $3.5 billion to build direct air capture “hubs.” Meanwhile, New York and Washington, the European Union and others have enacted or are considering a range of possible incentives, from clean-fuel policies like California’s to government procurement programs for carbon dioxide removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some environmental advocates say that many of the policies that are emerging, including California’s clean fuels market and a federal carbon capture tax credit, have been shaped by oil companies to their own advantage, diluting the climate benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a holy war brewing in climate politics over these kinds of technologies and whether or not they’re a tool of the oil industry,” said Danny Cullenward, the policy director at CarbonPlan, a nonprofit that analyzes the integrity of carbon removal efforts. Cullenward said incentives like California’s are beginning to shape a new field, “and I don’t think it’s an accident that we’re seeing deployment aligned with industry priorities. Deployment is not aligning around pure climate objectives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Getting to ‘net zero’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case for carbon removal emerged from the uncertain math of climate models. When climate scientists have tried to model pathways that limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, nearly all of them have required some degree of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Many of the models require billions of tons of carbon removal per year by mid-century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When accounting for sectors like agriculture and long-haul shipping, scientists and governments simply haven’t figured out how to get all the way to zero emissions fast enough. That leaves carbon removal to provide the “net” in “net zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few if any scientists or experts think direct air capture technology alone can achieve that scale. Natural carbon removal like reforestation will need to play a large role, and there are a suite of other techniques, like converting waste biomass into charcoal that can be mixed into the soil or tinkering with seawater to enhance its absorption of CO2. But all these approaches have their limits, risks and drawbacks, and increasingly, many people say direct air capture should be part of the mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1979076 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px.png\" alt=\"Graphic titled "How An Oil Company Plans to Pull Carbon from the Air." It's a cartoon overhead view of the plant Occidental proposes building, with arrows and text bubble indicating what the various buildings, silos, etc., do, and how everything is connected.\" width=\"750\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage750px-160x149.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the largest existing direct air capture plant, built by the Swiss start-up Climeworks, which has not partnered with oil companies, removes only 4,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year. Even if Occidental can realize its direct air capture ambitions to eventually remove 1 million tons annually at its Texas plant, the benefit would be minuscule on a planetary scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Energy Agency has said direct air capture capacity must reach roughly 85 million tons by 2030, a feat that would still represent less than three-tenths of 1% of current global energy-related emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope, or prayer, is that capacity could rise sharply in the following two decades. By 2050, the Biden administration’s long-term strategy for reaching net-zero emissions is counting on direct air capture and other carbon removal technologies to make up nearly 10% of all emissions cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is whether the technology can be pursued in such a way that it doesn’t distract or detract from the urgent task of phasing out fossil fuels. And many advocates warn there’s little hope of achieving that goal if the emerging direct air capture industry is built by oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Seeking access to California’s market \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s low-carbon fuel standard, or LCFS, aims to lower the state’s transportation emissions by setting a statewide benchmark for the carbon intensity of its fuels. In order to sell gasoline or diesel, which fall above that mark, a refiner must buy credits, which companies generate by selling low-carbon fuels like biodiesel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2018, oil refineries and biofuels plants also have been allowed to install carbon capture equipment to effectively lower the carbon intensity of their fuels. Direct air capture plants do not need to sell any fuel at all — they can simply generate and sell credits by capturing and storing carbon dioxide. They cannot, however, sell the oil they extract with the CO2 they capture as a low-carbon fuel. Any of these operations can be located outside California, but refiners or biofuels plants must sell their fuel in the state to access its carbon market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of the credits fluctuates, but at the beginning of this year they averaged about $170 per metric ton of carbon dioxide, making the market extremely attractive for carbon capture and removal operations looking to cover their costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Zeller, vice president of technology at Occidental’s low-carbon business, said in an interview last month that his company was working with regulators in California to gain access to the LCFS market for the Texas direct air capture plant. He did not elaborate on whether the company plans to sell credits for captured CO2 that is used for oil production, as opposed to pure storage. Occidental declined to answer questions for this article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the LCFS rules are clear: Companies are free to sell credits for carbon removal from the atmosphere, even if the carbon is used to extract more oil, and they are not required to account for the emissions that come from burning that oil when determining how many carbon credits they can sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many environmental advocates say that system undermines the state’s larger climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Giving a carbon capture project the same number of credits whether or not it helps produce additional oil makes no sense as a climate mitigation or a carbon removal policy,” said Cullenward, the policy director at CarbonPlan, in an email. “It only makes sense as a carbon capture technology subsidy that actively privileges oil and gas production over climate-safe applications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s equal treatment of carbon dioxide used for so-called “enhanced oil recovery” and that which is just stored is particularly problematic, Cullenward said, because each credit sold in the state represents an additional volume of gasoline or diesel that is burned in its cars and trucks. In other words, the removal comes instead of phasing out some amount of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeremy Martin, director of fuels policy at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said he thinks the state should “adjust” how it treats enhanced oil recovery. Like many environmental advocates who support carbon removal technologies, Martin said their promise is in helping address emissions from certain sectors, like aviation and heavy industry, that are extremely difficult or expensive to reduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I think it’s also really important not to lose sight of the fact that using these technologies to maximize emissions reduction as we’re transitioning off of petroleum, that’s what makes sense to us, that’s what our analysis supports,” Martin said. “It does not support using these technologies as an alternative to ramping down petroleum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Environmental Justice Advisory Committee for California’s Air Resources Board, which administers the LCFS, submitted draft comments recommending that enhanced oil recovery projects be barred from the system, warning that allowing them increases emissions and extends the life of “highly polluting facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Duffy, a staffer at the board’s LCFS program, said in an interview that his agency had developed robust regulations to ensure that carbon dioxide storage is safe and well monitored, even when it is injected in oil fields, but that any emissions that come from the oil produced are “not part of the accounting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Occidental’s grand ambition \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the CERAWeek energy conference last month in Houston, a couple of dozen men and women hailing mostly from the financial and energy sectors watched as Occidental unveiled a holographic animation of its direct air capture plant. The presentation showed a rectangular perimeter of giant fans sucking in vast volumes of virtual air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has licensed technology from Carbon Engineering, a Canadian direct air capture start-up, that passes air over a mineral-laced liquid, which draws out the carbon. The display showed how this carbonated mineral would then be sent through a series of pipes and towers, which would mix it with another mineral before processing and heating it to eventually produce a concentrated stream of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-800x596.png\" alt=\"An rendering of a plant to capture carbon from the air shows a long brown building running across the foreground, with large round fans inset along the roof of the building. The ground is brown and the sky is pale blue with puffy clouds.\" width=\"800\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-800x596.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-1020x760.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-160x119.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage-768x572.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/DirectAirCaptureStorage.png 1062w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of a planned direct air capture plant in Texas that would initially pull 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide out of the air annually. Occidental Petroleum, which is planning to build the plant, would use some or most of the carbon dioxide it captures to pump more oil out of depleted reservoirs. \u003ccite>(Carbon Engineering)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plant would be powered with a combination of renewable energy, generated specifically for its operation, and natural gas. Carbon Engineering’s designs include equipment to capture the emissions from burning the natural gas as part of the plant’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That morning, Hollub, Occidental’s CEO, told a ballroom full of people at the annual energy industry conference that “initially, this was solely a business focus for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s oil fields in the Permian Basin, beneath Texas and New Mexico, still hold about 2 billion barrels of oil, she said, but in order to pump the oil to the surface, Occidental must inject carbon dioxide into the reservoir to increase its pressure. That carbon dioxide had generally been mined from naturally occurring underground pools, but about a dozen years ago, Hollub said, they realized those pools were drying up. “There wasn’t sufficient CO2 to help us develop all of those reserves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps carbon capture offered a solution, she recalled. Technologies to extract carbon dioxide from exhaust plumes had been used by industry for decades, and more recently, some scientists and companies had begun experimenting with ways to pull the gas straight from the air. Even when it is injected in oil fields, the vast majority of the carbon dioxide can be locked away underground, if it is monitored properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For both approaches, the chief obstacle to scaling the technology is not technical but financial, so Occidental set about trying to help tip the scales, and in 2018, two key pieces fell into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, Congress passed an expansion of a federal tax credit for carbon capture and storage, which Hollub said her company worked on with then-Sen. Heidi Heitkamp, a North Dakota Democrat and the bill’s sponsor. And in California, state regulators began allowing carbon capture and direct air capture plants to begin accessing its low-carbon fuels market, even if they were located outside the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both changes drew lobbying and support from Occidental and other oil companies. And because carbon capture or direct air capture projects can combine, or “stack,” the two credits, a new market emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To underscore the importance of the 2018 federal tax credit to his business, Zeller, the vice president at Occidental’s low-carbon business, told a CERAWeek panel, “That’s the reason I’m here today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a call with investors late last month, Hollub and other executives said the company would build 70 direct air capture plants by 2035. But central to this plan is a strategy to produce what Occidental calls “net-zero oil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, nearly all of the carbon dioxide injected for enhanced oil recovery can remain underground if it is monitored properly, and experts say it is possible to store more carbon dioxide than is emitted by the oil that’s produced. Compared to a conventional barrel of oil, the life-cycle emissions are substantially lower, and Hollub has made a spirited case for the environmental benefits of oil pumped with captured CO2, saying it is better than drilling new fields with new infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a March interview, Zeller said the company’s position has evolved, from focusing almost purely on producing oil to being open to other uses for the carbon dioxide. If a customer is willing to pay a premium to inject carbon dioxide for pure storage, he said, “sure, OK, we’ll do that.” If companies want to buy CO2 to make synthetic fuel, he said, “sure, no problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zeller made it clear that Occidental’s plans haven’t strayed from oil, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to be listening to the market, and people aren’t ready for net-zero oil, really, they’re not,” he said, adding, “They will be, because it is going to be a high-value, low-cost answer, and people just need to get past the emotions of it, and they will. They have to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last three weeks, Occidental has announced a flurry of activity around its direct air capture plans. Airbus, the European airplane manufacturer, said it would buy credits to remove 100,000 metric tons per year for four years from the Texas plant, coming on top of investments by United Airlines, Shopify and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One week later, Occidental announced a deal with a South Korean refiner to buy up to 200,000 barrels of oil squeezed out of the ground with CO2 captured by the Texas plant. In a press release, the companies boasted of a milestone in emissions reduction efforts, an “affordable, scalable” way to work toward their own climate goals, by buying and selling net-zero oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pVpuCW682XuzAGmkurLDvW?domain=insideclimatenews.org\">\u003cem>InsideClimate News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/bJVSCXDM32FBx0oJiEwEOr?domain=insideclimatenews.org\">Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem>here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How Rising Sea Levels Could Push Up a 'Toxic Soup' Into Bay Area Neighborhoods",
"headTitle": "How Rising Sea Levels Could Push Up a ‘Toxic Soup’ Into Bay Area Neighborhoods | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Phoenix Armenta is worried about the future of neighborhoods along the edge of San Francisco Bay. Contaminated sites litter shoreline communities like West Oakland, where Armenta works as a community organizer. As climate change pushes bay water higher, floodwaters could mix with toxic pollution and threaten people’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Phoenix Armenta']‘I’m concerned that water is going to get into people’s homes. They’ll be polluted with a toxic soup.\u003c/span>‘[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned that water is going to get into people’s homes,” said Armenta, regional resilience manager for the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. “They’ll be polluted with a toxic soup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two separate science groups have released updates to ongoing research exploring this threat for the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and the state have well documented the potential impact of sea level rise on the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers are examining an under-studied threat: rising ocean water driving fresh water up from the ground, which could move as far as three miles inland from the edge of the bay, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Pathways.SFEI_.Rising.Groundwater.pdf\">summary of ongoing work shared with KQED\u003c/a>.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1971660 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/KQEDSCIENCE_GRNDWTR.gif\" alt=\"An animated graphic shows how sea level rise will push groundwater up, with toxic results. The rising seawater pushes against salty groundwater, then fresh groundwater, then sewer, until it reaches basements and foundations.\" width=\"400\" height=\"720\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pathways Climate Institute and the San Francisco Estuary Institute forecast that groundwater will move into low-lying areas of San Francisco, San Mateo, Alameda and Marin counties, potentially s\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eeping past seawalls, flooding basements, overwhelming sewers and damaging building foundations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is slated to be released in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from UC Berkeley and UCLA are concerned that the groundwater will steep in toxic pollution before spreading into neighborhoods and the bay itself. They found that more than \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/extreme-scenarios?authuser=0\">900 toxic sites\u003c/a> could be affected by both sea level rise and groundwater rise across the state by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities like West Oakland — which abuts one of the West Coast’s busiest ports and is bound by busy freeways — already are dealing with high levels of air pollution and other adverse health outcomes because of their proximity to industry and its waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armenta, who uses they pronouns, heads the \u003ca href=\"https://woeip.org/featured-work/oakland-shoreline-leadership-academy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Shoreline Leadership Academy\u003c/a>, teaching students of all ages about the issues for shoreline communities — including sea level rise and contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to give the students “who want to be part of the solution” an understanding of local shoreline issues, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Oakland, where there was redlining is exactly where all the toxic sites are. And exactly where all the sea level rise is going to happen,” Armenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979181 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A black woman with green glasses and a black and white striped shirt sorts landscaping material using gloves and flanked by two young people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoenix Armenta, program manager of the Oakland Shoreline Leadership Academy and an environmental justice organizer, leads interns on a shoreline restoration trip in partnership with Save the Bay on March 31, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Nicole Edwards/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Climate justice red flags\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch and UCLA’s Lara Cushing are the scientists behind the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home?authuser=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Toxic Tides\u003c/a> interactive tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, they released a stunning finding: About 400 sites — power plants, sewage treatment plants, refineries, cleanup sites and others — across the state are at risk of inundation, based on various sea-level-rise scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their latest analysis found more than double that could be affected statewide, if more extreme scenarios and additional groundwater are considered. The scientists say they don’t see signs that greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The global] response to reducing emissions is quite underwhelming,” Morello-Frosch said of international efforts to limit warming. “Some scientists in the climate change community may feel like that’s too much of a severe estimate, 10 feet of sea level rise, but it’s important to show when we’re thinking about land-use planning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The take-home message of their work is that climate change is presenting new risks that could lead to human exposure to hazardous materials all along the California coastline, with a high Bay Area concentration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move different directions on the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific site. Click on each site for details. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: UC Berkeley, UCLA\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://yangj90.carto.com/builder/0a968569-b1f7-4798-960a-a0998e0589e2/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a historical central hub for commerce, the region has a legacy of contaminated sites from shipbuilding, computer chip manufacturing and other industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair’s work raises major red flags regarding climate justice. Many of these places are neighborhoods of color, where residents are increasingly at risk from the effects of warming temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities of color are much more likely to live near one of these risk sites, as are lower-income communities or communities where English is not the primary language that’s spoken,” said Cushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis is innovative because it uses groundwater depth data from the U.S. Geological Survey alongside climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morello-Frosch says sea level rise will push groundwater up, “particularly in sites where there are toxic contaminants in the soil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re concerned that as seas rise, sites where contamination has been capped, partially cleaned up or never addressed could be disturbed, threatening Bay Area shoreline communities already fighting for pollution cleanups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists say that local groundwater mapping and “deep assessments” are crucial steps to understand specific local threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities can use this information to develop their own strategies at the local, county and statewide scales to begin to respond,” said Morello-Frosch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “unlike a hurricane, which is happening right away, this is a very slow-moving storm that we do have time to respond to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Filling a data gap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alameda, Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties are partnering with scientists from Pathways Climate Institute and the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Pathways Climate Institute, San Francisco Estuary Institute']‘Failure to acknowledge the threats, especially in underserved communities, could undermine the success of adapting to sea level rise adaptation plans.’\u003c/span>[/pullquote]The authors note that flooding has the “potential to damage building foundations, flood basements and other below grade structures, and to infiltrate and overwhelm sewers. Ultimately it may emerge aboveground as an urban flood hazard even before coastal floodwaters overtop the shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also warn of “contaminants in the soil” entering buildings through sewer lines or other pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they released the two-page document describing the work, they are not commenting until the research is finished later this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists are compiling and sorting through multiple datasets to understand the risk to infrastructure in low-lying areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They want to expand their work to all Bay Area counties, if they can find funding for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo says a “failure to acknowledge” the threats, especially in underserved communities, “could undermine the success of adapting to sea level rise and potentially threaten public health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers are examining an under-studied threat: rising ocean water driving fresh water up from the ground, which could move as far as three miles inland from the edge of the bay, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Pathways.SFEI_.Rising.Groundwater.pdf\">summary of ongoing work shared with KQED\u003c/a>.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1971660 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/KQEDSCIENCE_GRNDWTR.gif\" alt=\"An animated graphic shows how sea level rise will push groundwater up, with toxic results. The rising seawater pushes against salty groundwater, then fresh groundwater, then sewer, until it reaches basements and foundations.\" width=\"400\" height=\"720\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pathways Climate Institute and the San Francisco Estuary Institute forecast that groundwater will move into low-lying areas of San Francisco, San Mateo, Alameda and Marin counties, potentially s\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">eeping past seawalls, flooding basements, overwhelming sewers and damaging building foundations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is slated to be released in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from UC Berkeley and UCLA are concerned that the groundwater will steep in toxic pollution before spreading into neighborhoods and the bay itself. They found that more than \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/extreme-scenarios?authuser=0\">900 toxic sites\u003c/a> could be affected by both sea level rise and groundwater rise across the state by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities like West Oakland — which abuts one of the West Coast’s busiest ports and is bound by busy freeways — already are dealing with high levels of air pollution and other adverse health outcomes because of their proximity to industry and its waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armenta, who uses they pronouns, heads the \u003ca href=\"https://woeip.org/featured-work/oakland-shoreline-leadership-academy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Shoreline Leadership Academy\u003c/a>, teaching students of all ages about the issues for shoreline communities — including sea level rise and contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to give the students “who want to be part of the solution” an understanding of local shoreline issues, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Oakland, where there was redlining is exactly where all the toxic sites are. And exactly where all the sea level rise is going to happen,” Armenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1979181 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A black woman with green glasses and a black and white striped shirt sorts landscaping material using gloves and flanked by two young people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/Image-from-iOS-23-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoenix Armenta, program manager of the Oakland Shoreline Leadership Academy and an environmental justice organizer, leads interns on a shoreline restoration trip in partnership with Save the Bay on March 31, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Nicole Edwards/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Climate justice red flags\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch and UCLA’s Lara Cushing are the scientists behind the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home?authuser=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Toxic Tides\u003c/a> interactive tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, they released a stunning finding: About 400 sites — power plants, sewage treatment plants, refineries, cleanup sites and others — across the state are at risk of inundation, based on various sea-level-rise scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their latest analysis found more than double that could be affected statewide, if more extreme scenarios and additional groundwater are considered. The scientists say they don’t see signs that greenhouse gas emissions are decreasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The global] response to reducing emissions is quite underwhelming,” Morello-Frosch said of international efforts to limit warming. “Some scientists in the climate change community may feel like that’s too much of a severe estimate, 10 feet of sea level rise, but it’s important to show when we’re thinking about land-use planning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The take-home message of their work is that climate change is presenting new risks that could lead to human exposure to hazardous materials all along the California coastline, with a high Bay Area concentration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move different directions on the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific site. Click on each site for details. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: UC Berkeley, UCLA\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://yangj90.carto.com/builder/0a968569-b1f7-4798-960a-a0998e0589e2/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a historical central hub for commerce, the region has a legacy of contaminated sites from shipbuilding, computer chip manufacturing and other industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair’s work raises major red flags regarding climate justice. Many of these places are neighborhoods of color, where residents are increasingly at risk from the effects of warming temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities of color are much more likely to live near one of these risk sites, as are lower-income communities or communities where English is not the primary language that’s spoken,” said Cushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis is innovative because it uses groundwater depth data from the U.S. Geological Survey alongside climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morello-Frosch says sea level rise will push groundwater up, “particularly in sites where there are toxic contaminants in the soil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re concerned that as seas rise, sites where contamination has been capped, partially cleaned up or never addressed could be disturbed, threatening Bay Area shoreline communities already fighting for pollution cleanups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists say that local groundwater mapping and “deep assessments” are crucial steps to understand specific local threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities can use this information to develop their own strategies at the local, county and statewide scales to begin to respond,” said Morello-Frosch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “unlike a hurricane, which is happening right away, this is a very slow-moving storm that we do have time to respond to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Filling a data gap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alameda, Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties are partnering with scientists from Pathways Climate Institute and the San Francisco Estuary Institute.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The authors note that flooding has the “potential to damage building foundations, flood basements and other below grade structures, and to infiltrate and overwhelm sewers. Ultimately it may emerge aboveground as an urban flood hazard even before coastal floodwaters overtop the shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also warn of “contaminants in the soil” entering buildings through sewer lines or other pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they released the two-page document describing the work, they are not commenting until the research is finished later this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists are compiling and sorting through multiple datasets to understand the risk to infrastructure in low-lying areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They want to expand their work to all Bay Area counties, if they can find funding for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "It's Not Too Late To Stave Off the Climate Crisis, U.N. Report Finds. Here's How",
"headTitle": "It’s Not Too Late To Stave Off the Climate Crisis, U.N. Report Finds. Here’s How | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The world still has time to avoid the most extreme dangers of climate change, but only if nations cut greenhouse gas pollution much faster from nearly every aspect of human activity, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/\">landmark international climate science report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology and solutions are available to rein in emissions, but the world is rapidly running out of time to deploy them, the report notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s now or never,” says Jim Skea, professor of sustainable energy at Imperial College London and one of the co-chairs overseeing the report. “Without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, it will be impossible. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report issued on Monday is the latest by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> (IPCC), a United Nations body that brings together the world’s researchers to assess the prevailing science on planetary warming. The new report looks at worldwide efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions and recommends next steps to keep global average temperatures from rising to catastrophic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nations and industries need to make faster, deeper cuts to heat-trapping pollution. Average annual greenhouse gasses in the last decade were the highest in human history, which means the world is not on track to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), the report says. With warming beyond that level, the planet will see \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">increasingly dangerous heat waves, floods and storms\u003c/a> that would affect millions of people, especially the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a crucial near-term step, “substantial reduction” in the use of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas would need to happen, the report finds. By 2050, low-carbon energy like solar and wind power will need to supply the majority of the world’s energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say this report, part of a scientific assessment done roughly every seven years by the IPCC, is likely the last to be published while the key goal of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius\u003c/a> is still possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s final summary was adopted after marathon negotiations among the 195 member countries of the IPCC. Some countries wanted to see more support for fossil fuel use in developing countries, as well as larger demands on developed nations to reduce emissions. Industrialized nations are the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses, with the United States being the largest polluter over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report builds on the dire warnings of two others also released in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/\">IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report\u003c/a>. The first documented how heat-trapping emissions from burning fossil fuels were the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/10/1026137992/3-things-to-know-about-what-scientists-say-about-our-future-climate\">“unequivocal” cause of rising temperatures\u003c/a>. The second, released in late February, showed how \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1082564304/billions-of-people-are-in-danger-from-climate-change-u-n-report-warns\">billions of people around the globe are at risk\u003c/a> of more extreme disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest report comes amidst a renewed push for oil and gas drilling, as the war in Ukraine drives a spike in oil prices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/news/global-co2-emissions-rebounded-to-their-highest-level-in-history-in-2021\">Carbon emissions already roared back\u003c/a> to their highest levels ever in 2021, rebounding after a decline during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truly dangerous radicals are the countries that are increasing the production of fossil fuels,” U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres said in a speech. “Investing in new fossil fuels infrastructure is moral and economic madness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#1 – Grow renewable energy. It’s cheap enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The report lays out what scientists consider to be the most effective steps to reducing emissions fast. The clearest is accelerating the use of renewable energy and cutting fossil fuels. The cost of solar energy has plummeted by 85 percent since 2010, according to the report. Batteries have fallen by the same amount, a key technology for storing solar and wind power so it can be used when it’s dark or the wind isn’t blowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes low-carbon energy sources more economically viable than fossil fuels in many cases, the report finds. They also improve public health, since renewable energy doesn’t produce air pollution. Still, renewables are not being deployed fast enough, especially in developing countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1979083\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a black coat with hood up and fur around the hood walks in the foreground on a snowy street. Houses line one side of the street, with electricity lines crisscrossing the sky. In the background are tall towers releasing white smoke, from coal-fired power plants. The photo was taken in Shanxi, China.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heat-trapping emissions from burning fossil fuels, like these coal-fired power plants in Shanxi, China, have rebounded after dropping during the pandemic. \u003ccite>(Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the world’s energy supply would need to reach net-zero as soon as 2050, which means if the sector is still producing emissions, those emissions are captured in some way before reaching the atmosphere. That’s because other areas, like heavy industry and transportation, would likely take longer to fully cut their emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Continuing the world’s existing fossil fuel energy projects at their current pace, as well as developing new ones, puts the energy sector nowhere near that necessary trajectory. The emissions from fossil fuel use would be almost double the amount needed to keep warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. And as renewable energy grows, trillions of dollars of fossil fuel infrastructure risks becoming “stranded”, or worthless, as governments shift to cleaner energy sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sobering conclusion is that, although we have all the tools we need, emissions would need to decrease immediately and at a much larger scale than they have been,” Stephanie Roe, one of the lead authors of the IPCC report and Global Climate and Energy Lead Scientist at the World Wildlife Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#2 – We’ll probably need to suck carbon emissions out of the air\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even if the world rapidly transforms where its energy comes from, some aspects of modern life will take longer to shift from fossil fuel use, like airplanes, shipping and heavy industry. Gas-powered cars being bought today will also remain on the road for potentially decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New technology could eventually transition those industries and vehicles away from fossil fuels. But the delay means that to avoid extreme warming, countries and companies will likely have to remove some of the carbon dioxide emissions that are already in the atmosphere, the report finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most tried and tested method uses Mother Nature. Plants and soils are carbon sponges. So restoring forests and wetlands can help soak up emissions, providing a relatively low cost way of making up for emissions from other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also points to more cutting-edge approaches, like using technology to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2022/01/11/1071282973/as-carbon-removal-gains-traction-economists-imagine-a-new-market-to-save-the-pla\">suck carbon emissions directly from the air\u003c/a>. That process could potentially use large amounts of energy, which would negate its climate usefulness. Some climate activists also worry it could amount to a free pass for the fossil fuel industry to keep operating and pumping out greenhouse gas emissions. The technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact on the atmosphere, the report concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#3 – Your decisions matter to slowing climate change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Changing the way humans work, live and eat in cities and buildings can have a major impact on reducing emissions, as much as 40 to 70 percent in some of those sectors, the report finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is not just talking about recycling. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/877460056/minneapolis-has-a-bold-plan-to-tackle-racial-inequity-now-it-has-to-follow-throu\">Redesigning and zoning cities\u003c/a> so people live closer to where they work and can walk and bike could reduce transportation emissions by as much as a third, the report says. Electric cars that are charged with renewable energy from the grid would reduce fossil fuel use. Making buildings more energy efficient and using renewable energy like solar has a decades-long impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With many cities around the world still growing and urbanizing, building in a sustainable way is especially important in developing countries, the report finds. Cities are vulnerable to flooding and air pollution, as well as extreme heat waves made worse by the way pavement absorbs heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a really amazing role that we can play, not just as consumers, but also as professionals,” Roe says. “If you’re a builder, if you’re an urban planner, if you’re an influencer or a role model, you have a role to play. And it’s not about individual actions necessarily. It’s about individual actions that make cascading impacts across society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+not+too+late+to+stave+off+the+climate+crisis%2C+U.N.+report+finds.+Here%27s+how&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The world still has time to avoid the most extreme dangers of climate change, but only if nations cut greenhouse gas pollution much faster from nearly every aspect of human activity, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/\">landmark international climate science report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology and solutions are available to rein in emissions, but the world is rapidly running out of time to deploy them, the report notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s now or never,” says Jim Skea, professor of sustainable energy at Imperial College London and one of the co-chairs overseeing the report. “Without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, it will be impossible. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report issued on Monday is the latest by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> (IPCC), a United Nations body that brings together the world’s researchers to assess the prevailing science on planetary warming. The new report looks at worldwide efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions and recommends next steps to keep global average temperatures from rising to catastrophic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nations and industries need to make faster, deeper cuts to heat-trapping pollution. Average annual greenhouse gasses in the last decade were the highest in human history, which means the world is not on track to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), the report says. With warming beyond that level, the planet will see \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">increasingly dangerous heat waves, floods and storms\u003c/a> that would affect millions of people, especially the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a crucial near-term step, “substantial reduction” in the use of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas would need to happen, the report finds. By 2050, low-carbon energy like solar and wind power will need to supply the majority of the world’s energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say this report, part of a scientific assessment done roughly every seven years by the IPCC, is likely the last to be published while the key goal of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius\u003c/a> is still possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s final summary was adopted after marathon negotiations among the 195 member countries of the IPCC. Some countries wanted to see more support for fossil fuel use in developing countries, as well as larger demands on developed nations to reduce emissions. Industrialized nations are the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses, with the United States being the largest polluter over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report builds on the dire warnings of two others also released in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/\">IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report\u003c/a>. The first documented how heat-trapping emissions from burning fossil fuels were the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/10/1026137992/3-things-to-know-about-what-scientists-say-about-our-future-climate\">“unequivocal” cause of rising temperatures\u003c/a>. The second, released in late February, showed how \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1082564304/billions-of-people-are-in-danger-from-climate-change-u-n-report-warns\">billions of people around the globe are at risk\u003c/a> of more extreme disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest report comes amidst a renewed push for oil and gas drilling, as the war in Ukraine drives a spike in oil prices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/news/global-co2-emissions-rebounded-to-their-highest-level-in-history-in-2021\">Carbon emissions already roared back\u003c/a> to their highest levels ever in 2021, rebounding after a decline during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truly dangerous radicals are the countries that are increasing the production of fossil fuels,” U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres said in a speech. “Investing in new fossil fuels infrastructure is moral and economic madness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#1 – Grow renewable energy. It’s cheap enough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The report lays out what scientists consider to be the most effective steps to reducing emissions fast. The clearest is accelerating the use of renewable energy and cutting fossil fuels. The cost of solar energy has plummeted by 85 percent since 2010, according to the report. Batteries have fallen by the same amount, a key technology for storing solar and wind power so it can be used when it’s dark or the wind isn’t blowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes low-carbon energy sources more economically viable than fossil fuels in many cases, the report finds. They also improve public health, since renewable energy doesn’t produce air pollution. Still, renewables are not being deployed fast enough, especially in developing countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1979083\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a black coat with hood up and fur around the hood walks in the foreground on a snowy street. Houses line one side of the street, with electricity lines crisscrossing the sky. In the background are tall towers releasing white smoke, from coal-fired power plants. The photo was taken in Shanxi, China.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/04/gettyimages-500863126_custom-0634ff2e7e155b049fdd7eb297ae84627a04e7e2-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heat-trapping emissions from burning fossil fuels, like these coal-fired power plants in Shanxi, China, have rebounded after dropping during the pandemic. \u003ccite>(Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the world’s energy supply would need to reach net-zero as soon as 2050, which means if the sector is still producing emissions, those emissions are captured in some way before reaching the atmosphere. That’s because other areas, like heavy industry and transportation, would likely take longer to fully cut their emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Continuing the world’s existing fossil fuel energy projects at their current pace, as well as developing new ones, puts the energy sector nowhere near that necessary trajectory. The emissions from fossil fuel use would be almost double the amount needed to keep warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. And as renewable energy grows, trillions of dollars of fossil fuel infrastructure risks becoming “stranded”, or worthless, as governments shift to cleaner energy sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sobering conclusion is that, although we have all the tools we need, emissions would need to decrease immediately and at a much larger scale than they have been,” Stephanie Roe, one of the lead authors of the IPCC report and Global Climate and Energy Lead Scientist at the World Wildlife Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#2 – We’ll probably need to suck carbon emissions out of the air\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even if the world rapidly transforms where its energy comes from, some aspects of modern life will take longer to shift from fossil fuel use, like airplanes, shipping and heavy industry. Gas-powered cars being bought today will also remain on the road for potentially decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New technology could eventually transition those industries and vehicles away from fossil fuels. But the delay means that to avoid extreme warming, countries and companies will likely have to remove some of the carbon dioxide emissions that are already in the atmosphere, the report finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most tried and tested method uses Mother Nature. Plants and soils are carbon sponges. So restoring forests and wetlands can help soak up emissions, providing a relatively low cost way of making up for emissions from other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also points to more cutting-edge approaches, like using technology to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2022/01/11/1071282973/as-carbon-removal-gains-traction-economists-imagine-a-new-market-to-save-the-pla\">suck carbon emissions directly from the air\u003c/a>. That process could potentially use large amounts of energy, which would negate its climate usefulness. Some climate activists also worry it could amount to a free pass for the fossil fuel industry to keep operating and pumping out greenhouse gas emissions. The technology has a long way to go before it could make a large impact on the atmosphere, the report concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>#3 – Your decisions matter to slowing climate change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Changing the way humans work, live and eat in cities and buildings can have a major impact on reducing emissions, as much as 40 to 70 percent in some of those sectors, the report finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is not just talking about recycling. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/877460056/minneapolis-has-a-bold-plan-to-tackle-racial-inequity-now-it-has-to-follow-throu\">Redesigning and zoning cities\u003c/a> so people live closer to where they work and can walk and bike could reduce transportation emissions by as much as a third, the report says. Electric cars that are charged with renewable energy from the grid would reduce fossil fuel use. Making buildings more energy efficient and using renewable energy like solar has a decades-long impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With many cities around the world still growing and urbanizing, building in a sustainable way is especially important in developing countries, the report finds. Cities are vulnerable to flooding and air pollution, as well as extreme heat waves made worse by the way pavement absorbs heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a really amazing role that we can play, not just as consumers, but also as professionals,” Roe says. “If you’re a builder, if you’re an urban planner, if you’re an influencer or a role model, you have a role to play. And it’s not about individual actions necessarily. It’s about individual actions that make cascading impacts across society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+not+too+late+to+stave+off+the+climate+crisis%2C+U.N.+report+finds.+Here%27s+how&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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