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They’re for the city’s Chinese New Year Parade this weekend — 2020 is the Year of the Rat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have rats everywhere!” Mufson said, pointing out a pair of massive gold rats looking very pleased with themselves as they teeter on a pile of gleaming treasure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800366\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800366\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gold rats await the Chinese New Year Parade at Pier 54. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The cavernous space is a psychedelic jumble of outsize critters. Gold ones … red and white glittery ones … and cute little gray ones holding watering cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, yeah,” Mufson said. “A lot of different ways of interpreting the rat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some U.S. cities have canceled their Chinese New Year celebrations this year, owing to safety concerns with the spread of the new coronavirus beyond China. But in San Francisco, host to one of the oldest and largest Lunar New Year festivals and parades in the country, things are going ahead as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donna Ng has been attending the event for more than 30 years. She said she’s not about to stay home because of the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s going to affect the parade,” Ng said. “We’re talking thousands and thousands and thousands of people and only a handful are sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Longtime parade attendee Donna Ng hopes people won’t stay home from the celebrations out of fear of getting sick. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fears about the spread of the coronavirus have caused the cancellation of celebrations this year in cities of all sizes, like New York, Denver and Elk Grove near Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know there’s a lot of concern right now,” said San Francisco event organizer William Gee. “And I think there’s a lot of confusion, maybe even some misinformation, depending on where you get it from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials are trying to allay concerns about the spread of the virus ahead of the weekend’s festivities. Norman Yee, president of the city’s Board of Supervisors, fears the virus is an opportunity for some people to justify racist attitudes against the Chinese-American community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I urge all people that come year after year to continue to come to this parade on Saturday and have the fun that they always have, and that we continue supporting our community at large but in particular our API and Chinese American businesses,” Yee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee said his team has been working through community concerns s, while at the same time maintaining a sense of perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Health officials still consider the San Francisco Bay Area to be at very, very low risk,” Gee said. “There are some health officials that actually say there’s a higher risk of contracting the flu rather than the coronavirus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee said organizers aren’t taking any special precautions for the event this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11798751 label='What You Need to Know' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40986_iStock-1170728885-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll have wash bins where people can wash their hands,” he said. “There may be some antibacterial or disinfectant soap as well that people can use. But this is kind of standard fare that we’ve been offering year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s Department of Public Health is currently not recommending the cancellation of public events and is advising attendees to take the usual wintertime precautions: Wash hands, get a flu shot and cover coughs and sneezes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people want to come out for the parade, they should feel free to do so,” said Susan Philip, director of the disease prevention and control branch at San Francisco Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime parade attendee Ng said she hopes people won’t stay away from this weekend’s festivities because they’re scared of getting sick, and suggests wearing a mask if that makes you feel more comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people want to wear masks, that’s up to them,” Ng said. “But I’m not planning on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Marco Siler-Gonzales contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Some U.S. cities have canceled their Chinese New Year celebrations this year. But in San Francisco, things are going ahead as planned.",
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"title": "Coronavirus Fears Won't Stop SF Lunar New Year Festivities | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a cavernous warehouse on San Francisco’s waterfront, Stephanie Mufson and her small team of builders and decorators are putting the final touches on an array of spectacularly gaudy floats. They’re for the city’s Chinese New Year Parade this weekend — 2020 is the Year of the Rat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have rats everywhere!” Mufson said, pointing out a pair of massive gold rats looking very pleased with themselves as they teeter on a pile of gleaming treasure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800366\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800366\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41153_gold-rats-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gold rats await the Chinese New Year Parade at Pier 54. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The cavernous space is a psychedelic jumble of outsize critters. Gold ones … red and white glittery ones … and cute little gray ones holding watering cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, yeah,” Mufson said. “A lot of different ways of interpreting the rat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some U.S. cities have canceled their Chinese New Year celebrations this year, owing to safety concerns with the spread of the new coronavirus beyond China. But in San Francisco, host to one of the oldest and largest Lunar New Year festivals and parades in the country, things are going ahead as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donna Ng has been attending the event for more than 30 years. She said she’s not about to stay home because of the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s going to affect the parade,” Ng said. “We’re talking thousands and thousands and thousands of people and only a handful are sick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41150_Donna-Ng-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Longtime parade attendee Donna Ng hopes people won’t stay home from the celebrations out of fear of getting sick. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fears about the spread of the coronavirus have caused the cancellation of celebrations this year in cities of all sizes, like New York, Denver and Elk Grove near Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know there’s a lot of concern right now,” said San Francisco event organizer William Gee. “And I think there’s a lot of confusion, maybe even some misinformation, depending on where you get it from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials are trying to allay concerns about the spread of the virus ahead of the weekend’s festivities. Norman Yee, president of the city’s Board of Supervisors, fears the virus is an opportunity for some people to justify racist attitudes against the Chinese-American community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I urge all people that come year after year to continue to come to this parade on Saturday and have the fun that they always have, and that we continue supporting our community at large but in particular our API and Chinese American businesses,” Yee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee said his team has been working through community concerns s, while at the same time maintaining a sense of perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Health officials still consider the San Francisco Bay Area to be at very, very low risk,” Gee said. “There are some health officials that actually say there’s a higher risk of contracting the flu rather than the coronavirus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gee said organizers aren’t taking any special precautions for the event this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll have wash bins where people can wash their hands,” he said. “There may be some antibacterial or disinfectant soap as well that people can use. But this is kind of standard fare that we’ve been offering year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s Department of Public Health is currently not recommending the cancellation of public events and is advising attendees to take the usual wintertime precautions: Wash hands, get a flu shot and cover coughs and sneezes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people want to come out for the parade, they should feel free to do so,” said Susan Philip, director of the disease prevention and control branch at San Francisco Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime parade attendee Ng said she hopes people won’t stay away from this weekend’s festivities because they’re scared of getting sick, and suggests wearing a mask if that makes you feel more comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people want to wear masks, that’s up to them,” Ng said. “But I’m not planning on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "regional-epa-chief-who-faced-criticism-for-excessive-travel-suddenly-leaves-job",
"title": "Regional EPA Chief Who Faced Criticism for Excessive Travel Suddenly Leaves Job",
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"headTitle": "Regional EPA Chief Who Faced Criticism for Excessive Travel Suddenly Leaves Job | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The top regulator for the federal Environmental Protection Agency’s regional office in San Francisco left that job Wednesday without an explanation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As EPA’s Region 9 administrator, Mike Stoker supervised environmental enforcement in California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii, the Pacific Islands and 148 tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly Block, a spokeswoman for the EPA, confirmed in an email that Stoker is “no longer with the Agency.” She did not elaborate on the reason for his departure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deb Jordan is the acting regional administrator, Block added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jordan is a 30-year EPA employee. She’s worked as an assistant regional administrator in San Francisco since 2016, the San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Controversial-head-of-EPA-s-San-Francisco-15034001.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the get-go, elected officials and environmentalists criticized Stoker as the Trump administration’s choice to run the regulatory office. He publicly doubted the scientific consensus around man-made climate change and had previous ties to the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians will not miss Mike Stoker, a climate skeptic and former oil lobbyist who spent tens of thousands of dollars on taxpayer-funded travel,” Rep. Anna Eshoo, of Palo Alto, said in an emailed statement. “My constituents and all Californians need an EPA administrator who day in and day out is dedicated to promoting clean air, clean water and addressing climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists protested his appointment when he took the job in 2018, and celebrated his abrupt dismissal less than two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stoker’s departure is good news, but this oil industry ally should never have been in charge of protecting our environment,” said Kassie Siegel of the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the job, he received fierce \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1061653561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticism\u003c/a> from EPA lawyers, watchdog groups and Sen. Dianne Feinstein for managing a San Francisco-based staff of hundreds from his home city of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last March, the EPA’s inspector general documented what it called a pattern of Stoker’s taxpayer-funded travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the San Francisco Chronicle story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In March 2019, the EPA’s Office of the Inspector General investigated a ‘hotline complaint’ about how much time Stoker was spending away from San Francisco and ‘his excessive number of trips.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office issued a ‘Management Alert’ that documented how he spent $43,875 in taxpayer funds on 35 separate trips between May 2018 and February 2019, including two trips to Hawaii, one to Japan and another to Saipan, in the Mariana Islands. The report, which did not reach any conclusions about the propriety of his travel, said he spent only 30 out of 145 workdays in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after he became the region’s top EPA regulator, Stoker \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926287/new-epa-region-chief-questions-climate-science-but-favors-co2-cuts\">told\u003c/a> KQED’s Danielle Venton that his priority was to clean up sewage at the border between the U.S. and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] About climate change, the former EPA regional administrator told KQED: “I personally believe there’s questions on how much of it is man-made and how much of it is caused by Mother Nature and I have my personal feelings on global warming.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, he told KQED’s Venton that he doubted the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change. He did add that he \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926287/new-epa-region-chief-questions-climate-science-but-favors-co2-cuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">supported\u003c/a> “anything that reduces carbon emissions because that’s good for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe there’s questions on how much of it is man-made and how much of it is caused by Mother Nature and I have my personal feelings on global warming,” he said. “The whole global warming debate is a debate for Washington DC, and whatever they tell me is what I implement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Stoker’s departure, the Center for Biological Diversity’s Siegel said, “He accomplished virtually nothing at the EPA besides helping oil companies get permission to pollute California aquifers and alienating agency staff who actually care about our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “the fact that Stoker lasted this long highlights the Trump administration’s utter contempt for the air we breathe and the water we drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Washington, the environmental agency’s administrator Andrew Wheeler thanked Stoker “for his service to the EPA” and wished “him and his family the best in their future endeavors,” the Chronicle reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stoker’s Background\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoker is a Republican from Central California who served as a Santa Barbara County supervisor from 1986 to 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also was chairman of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board and he spent two years as California deputy secretary of state, from 2000 to 2002. Afterward, he worked as a lawyer for the agricultural industry and as a spokesman for an oil and gas company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoker has run unsuccessfully for Congress and the California Legislature. He was a Trump delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924459/new-chief-of-epa-region-9-has-deep-ties-to-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reportedly\u003c/a> been \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.com/news/2017/jan/19/santa-barbarans-stoked-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">credited\u003c/a> with starting the “lock her up” chant about Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoker has taken reliably pro-industry stances in the past, Nick Welsh, managing editor of the Santa Barbara Independent, told Venton. He has known Stoker for about 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a county supervisor, Stoker argued against a ballot measure that would have placed limits on offshore oil drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Regional EPA Chief Who Faced Criticism for Excessive Travel Suddenly Leaves Job | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The top regulator for the federal Environmental Protection Agency’s regional office in San Francisco left that job Wednesday without an explanation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As EPA’s Region 9 administrator, Mike Stoker supervised environmental enforcement in California, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii, the Pacific Islands and 148 tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly Block, a spokeswoman for the EPA, confirmed in an email that Stoker is “no longer with the Agency.” She did not elaborate on the reason for his departure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deb Jordan is the acting regional administrator, Block added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jordan is a 30-year EPA employee. She’s worked as an assistant regional administrator in San Francisco since 2016, the San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Controversial-head-of-EPA-s-San-Francisco-15034001.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the get-go, elected officials and environmentalists criticized Stoker as the Trump administration’s choice to run the regulatory office. He publicly doubted the scientific consensus around man-made climate change and had previous ties to the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians will not miss Mike Stoker, a climate skeptic and former oil lobbyist who spent tens of thousands of dollars on taxpayer-funded travel,” Rep. Anna Eshoo, of Palo Alto, said in an emailed statement. “My constituents and all Californians need an EPA administrator who day in and day out is dedicated to promoting clean air, clean water and addressing climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists protested his appointment when he took the job in 2018, and celebrated his abrupt dismissal less than two years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stoker’s departure is good news, but this oil industry ally should never have been in charge of protecting our environment,” said Kassie Siegel of the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the job, he received fierce \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1061653561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticism\u003c/a> from EPA lawyers, watchdog groups and Sen. Dianne Feinstein for managing a San Francisco-based staff of hundreds from his home city of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last March, the EPA’s inspector general documented what it called a pattern of Stoker’s taxpayer-funded travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the San Francisco Chronicle story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In March 2019, the EPA’s Office of the Inspector General investigated a ‘hotline complaint’ about how much time Stoker was spending away from San Francisco and ‘his excessive number of trips.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office issued a ‘Management Alert’ that documented how he spent $43,875 in taxpayer funds on 35 separate trips between May 2018 and February 2019, including two trips to Hawaii, one to Japan and another to Saipan, in the Mariana Islands. The report, which did not reach any conclusions about the propriety of his travel, said he spent only 30 out of 145 workdays in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after he became the region’s top EPA regulator, Stoker \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926287/new-epa-region-chief-questions-climate-science-but-favors-co2-cuts\">told\u003c/a> KQED’s Danielle Venton that his priority was to clean up sewage at the border between the U.S. and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " About climate change, the former EPA regional administrator told KQED: “I personally believe there’s questions on how much of it is man-made and how much of it is caused by Mother Nature and I have my personal feelings on global warming.”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, he told KQED’s Venton that he doubted the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change. He did add that he \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926287/new-epa-region-chief-questions-climate-science-but-favors-co2-cuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">supported\u003c/a> “anything that reduces carbon emissions because that’s good for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe there’s questions on how much of it is man-made and how much of it is caused by Mother Nature and I have my personal feelings on global warming,” he said. “The whole global warming debate is a debate for Washington DC, and whatever they tell me is what I implement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Stoker’s departure, the Center for Biological Diversity’s Siegel said, “He accomplished virtually nothing at the EPA besides helping oil companies get permission to pollute California aquifers and alienating agency staff who actually care about our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “the fact that Stoker lasted this long highlights the Trump administration’s utter contempt for the air we breathe and the water we drink.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Washington, the environmental agency’s administrator Andrew Wheeler thanked Stoker “for his service to the EPA” and wished “him and his family the best in their future endeavors,” the Chronicle reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stoker’s Background\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoker is a Republican from Central California who served as a Santa Barbara County supervisor from 1986 to 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also was chairman of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board and he spent two years as California deputy secretary of state, from 2000 to 2002. Afterward, he worked as a lawyer for the agricultural industry and as a spokesman for an oil and gas company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoker has run unsuccessfully for Congress and the California Legislature. He was a Trump delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924459/new-chief-of-epa-region-9-has-deep-ties-to-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reportedly\u003c/a> been \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.com/news/2017/jan/19/santa-barbarans-stoked-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">credited\u003c/a> with starting the “lock her up” chant about Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoker has taken reliably pro-industry stances in the past, Nick Welsh, managing editor of the Santa Barbara Independent, told Venton. He has known Stoker for about 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a county supervisor, Stoker argued against a ballot measure that would have placed limits on offshore oil drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. government’s highway safety agency has approved a Bay Area company’s request to exempt its self-driving delivery vehicle from federal regulations governing human-driven cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval for Mountain View-based Nuro marks the first time the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has granted \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/nuro_grant_notice_final-unofficial.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">an exemption\u003c/a> for an autonomous vehicle without some of the standard safety and control equipment required for conventional passenger vehicles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuro’s autonomous electric vehicles, which have been likened to toasters on wheels, can carry about 420 pounds of groceries, pizza pies or what have you at a top speed of 25 mph. The “zero-passenger” robot cars, which have been used for grocery deliveries in Arizona and Texas, have no steering wheels, brake pedals, windshields or mirrors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they rely on an array of sensors, including standard and thermal-vision cameras, radar and lidar, and computer navigation that allows the vehicle to travel through areas the company has already mapped. The firm has told NHTSA its automated driving system will be backed up by “experienced human operators who are extensively trained in the vehicle’s systems” who can assume control of the robot if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NHTSA exemption was granted for Nuro’s second-generation vehicle, the R2. The company \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/nuro/introducing-r2-nuros-next-generation-self-driving-vehicle-a9974ff6c2e0\">calls it\u003c/a> “a socially responsible neighborhood vehicle that you can trust.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800466\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Key specifications and features for Nuro’s R2. \u003ccite>(Nuro)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to all its advanced sensing hardware, navigational smarts and redundant braking and control systems, Nuro also touts what it calls the R2’s “pedestrian-protecting front end” — energy-absorbing “crumple zones” designed to reduce the severity of a collision impact. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its NHTSA filings, Nuro has argued its front end would be significantly safer for a pedestrian collision victim than a conventional windshield, which have been found to be a leading factor in causing serious injuries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuro says the fully loaded robot vehicle weighs 2,530 pounds. It’s 108 inches long, 43 inches wide and 73 inches high. If you’re looking for an existing vehicle comparison, the Smart ForTwo model comes close — the R2 is roughly the same weight, height and length as the diminutive commute car, but about 30 inches narrower. Nuro advertises that reduced width as an added safety factor in the vehicle’s interactions with pedestrians and cyclists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/nuro/why-nuro-and-walmart-have-teamed-up-bringing-autonomous-grocery-delivery-into-2020-8e1ae8b3b9f6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Nuro announced \u003c/a> in December it planned to deploy the R2 in Houston to launch a grocery delivery service with Walmart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XKXbacNQGI8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, teaming with Kroger, has operated similar services with its previous robot model, the R1, in both Houston and Scottsdale, Arizona. Last June, it partnered with Domino’s to test autonomous pizza deliveries in the Houston market. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the two-year temporary federal approval \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/nuro-exemption-low-speed-driverless-vehicle\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">announced Thursday\u003c/a>, Nuro will be permitted to produce and deploy as many as 5,000 of its R2 units. The company will also be required to report any R2 crashes within 24 hours, hold regular meetings with the safety agency and do community outreach in the areas where its vehicles will operate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuro, which launched in 2016, is led by two veterans of Google’s self-driving car program, Dave Ferguson and Jiajun Zhu. Its primary financial backing comes from the SoftBank Vision Fund, which a year ago invested $940 million in the firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration grants exemption for Mountain View-based Nuro to operate autonomous delivery vehicles. Coming soon to a curb near you (if you live in Houston): Your Walmart grocery order and maybe a couple of Domino's pies. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. government’s highway safety agency has approved a Bay Area company’s request to exempt its self-driving delivery vehicle from federal regulations governing human-driven cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approval for Mountain View-based Nuro marks the first time the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has granted \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/nuro_grant_notice_final-unofficial.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">an exemption\u003c/a> for an autonomous vehicle without some of the standard safety and control equipment required for conventional passenger vehicles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuro’s autonomous electric vehicles, which have been likened to toasters on wheels, can carry about 420 pounds of groceries, pizza pies or what have you at a top speed of 25 mph. The “zero-passenger” robot cars, which have been used for grocery deliveries in Arizona and Texas, have no steering wheels, brake pedals, windshields or mirrors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they rely on an array of sensors, including standard and thermal-vision cameras, radar and lidar, and computer navigation that allows the vehicle to travel through areas the company has already mapped. The firm has told NHTSA its automated driving system will be backed up by “experienced human operators who are extensively trained in the vehicle’s systems” who can assume control of the robot if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NHTSA exemption was granted for Nuro’s second-generation vehicle, the R2. The company \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/nuro/introducing-r2-nuros-next-generation-self-driving-vehicle-a9974ff6c2e0\">calls it\u003c/a> “a socially responsible neighborhood vehicle that you can trust.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800466\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/nuro.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Key specifications and features for Nuro’s R2. \u003ccite>(Nuro)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to all its advanced sensing hardware, navigational smarts and redundant braking and control systems, Nuro also touts what it calls the R2’s “pedestrian-protecting front end” — energy-absorbing “crumple zones” designed to reduce the severity of a collision impact. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its NHTSA filings, Nuro has argued its front end would be significantly safer for a pedestrian collision victim than a conventional windshield, which have been found to be a leading factor in causing serious injuries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuro says the fully loaded robot vehicle weighs 2,530 pounds. It’s 108 inches long, 43 inches wide and 73 inches high. If you’re looking for an existing vehicle comparison, the Smart ForTwo model comes close — the R2 is roughly the same weight, height and length as the diminutive commute car, but about 30 inches narrower. Nuro advertises that reduced width as an added safety factor in the vehicle’s interactions with pedestrians and cyclists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/nuro/why-nuro-and-walmart-have-teamed-up-bringing-autonomous-grocery-delivery-into-2020-8e1ae8b3b9f6\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Nuro announced \u003c/a> in December it planned to deploy the R2 in Houston to launch a grocery delivery service with Walmart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/XKXbacNQGI8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, teaming with Kroger, has operated similar services with its previous robot model, the R1, in both Houston and Scottsdale, Arizona. Last June, it partnered with Domino’s to test autonomous pizza deliveries in the Houston market. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the two-year temporary federal approval \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/nuro-exemption-low-speed-driverless-vehicle\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">announced Thursday\u003c/a>, Nuro will be permitted to produce and deploy as many as 5,000 of its R2 units. The company will also be required to report any R2 crashes within 24 hours, hold regular meetings with the safety agency and do community outreach in the areas where its vehicles will operate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuro, which launched in 2016, is led by two veterans of Google’s self-driving car program, Dave Ferguson and Jiajun Zhu. Its primary financial backing comes from the SoftBank Vision Fund, which a year ago invested $940 million in the firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "MAP: Where Have We Filled in or Drained the San Francisco Bay?",
"headTitle": "MAP: Where Have We Filled in or Drained the San Francisco Bay? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Many parts of the coastline of the San Francisco Bay have been filled in over time, or are former marshlands that were drained. Using U.S. Geological Survey data, we created this map to show these areas, some of which can be vulnerable during an earthquake. Read our full story: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11799297/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Large Parts of the Bay Area Are Built on Fill. Why and Where?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try searching for your address using the search function at the bottom left. You may need to be specific. Example: “50 Beale St. San Francisco, CA USA”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/b488870b-a8c4-43f4-803a-04691206c9e3/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.6255em;\">Data from the US Geological Survey from \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/\">2000\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/\">2006\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Map by Lisa Pickoff-White. Contributions by Keith Knutson and Alexandra Kanik.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many parts of the coastline of the San Francisco Bay have been filled in over time, or are former marshlands that were drained. Using U.S. Geological Survey data, we created this map to show these areas, some of which can be vulnerable during an earthquake. Read our full story: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11799297/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Large Parts of the Bay Area Are Built on Fill. Why and Where?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Try searching for your address using the search function at the bottom left. You may need to be specific. Example: “50 Beale St. San Francisco, CA USA”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/b488870b-a8c4-43f4-803a-04691206c9e3/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.6255em;\">Data from the US Geological Survey from \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/\">2000\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/\">2006\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Map by Lisa Pickoff-White. Contributions by Keith Knutson and Alexandra Kanik.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "postpartum",
"title": "She Killed Her Children. Can We Forgive Her?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Years later, Rudy Coronado still refers to what happened as “that day.” He thinks about what he said, what he didn’t say and what he wishes he could take back. The signs he missed – and the signs he saw, but ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That day, Carol was acting kind of weird,” he stammered. “She was just different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not different the way his wife was usually different, the traits that charmed Rudy when they first met at a doughnut shop in Carson: her simple, no makeup, no celebrity gossip style; her book-loving, hard-working focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not quirky, the way she was quirky, separating the rice and beans and vegetables on her plate, and always eating one thing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not precise and meticulous, the way she learned to be in the military and then later applied to motherhood, keeping spreadsheets on all the daily activities of their three daughters: Sophia, 2, Yazmine, 1, and Xenia, 3 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time she breast fed, every bottle she gave them – everything was documented,” Rudy said. “Every time they pooped, how they pooped, everything. Everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, May 20, 2014, was different. Carol seemed to wake up in a panic. She called her mom over and over, leaving one desperate message after another: “Mommy, please call me. Please — Please — Please. I’m tired. I’m exhausted. I’m hungry,” she said, crying and rambling until the voicemail system cut her off four times in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the sixth message, Carol sounded spent: “Mom. Please call me. I love you. Bye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the afternoon, Carol was barely saying anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Rudy came inside after working on his ’68 Chevy truck across the street from their home in Torrance, Sophia was running around with no diaper on. There was poop on the carpet, poop on the walls, poop on her hands. Carol was lying on the bed. Her eyes were blank, black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy started yelling. And that’s when he said the thing he wishes he hadn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Carol – to what extreme is this going to get to?’ And I regret telling her that,” he said. “Because I don’t know if that’s what kind of sparked her to do something dumb? To do that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy went back outside. He was working on his truck when Carol’s mom came over after her shift driving a local school bus. She went into the house, then ran out, screaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three girls were dead. Carol had taken a knife from the kitchen and stabbed them each in the throat and through the heart. Then she laid them on the bed, in order from youngest to oldest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first glance, it was weird, ’cause I didn’t see no blood. I don’t remember seeing blood. So when I walked up and I touched Sophie, she was cold,” he recalled, his voice catching. “I was like, ‘What’d you do?’ I couldn’t believe my eyes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol looked at Rudy and told him she loved him. Then she pushed the knife into her own chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Victim or the Monster?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carol did not die that day. If she had, perhaps she would have been mourned, alongside her daughters, as one of the victims of an inexplicable tragedy. But her survival meant that day would have to be explained — in court, by prosecutors, who would cast Carol as a criminal, driven by revenge, and deserving of society’s harshest judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Carol Coronado, the day she killed her three daughters']‘Mommy, please call me. Please — Please — Please. I’m tired. I’m exhausted.’[/pullquote]Even though several psychiatrists testified that Carol was suffering from postpartum psychosis, a severe mental illness triggered by childbirth, the judge would set that evidence aside: The law used to evaluate these cases was written a century before any doctor had uttered such a diagnosis, and the web of clinical symptoms simply doesn’t fit the legal test for insanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, more than 100 women are in prison for killing their children, data analysis by KQED shows. The state prison system doesn’t track these numbers, so KQED reviewed thousands of court records and news reports to calculate them. Forty percent of these women took their baby’s life before they were a year old. Seventy percent of those women are serving life sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t happen in other developed countries. \u003ca href=\"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/1-2/36/section/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">England\u003c/a>, Canada, Australia, Japan, Brazil, Sweden and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174580/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than a dozen other nations\u003c/a> have specific laws for these cases. Most are modeled after Britain’s Infanticide Act, which says if a woman harms her child within a year of giving birth, it is presumed she suffered from a postpartum mental illness. She is often sentenced to treatment, not incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an assumption that something was off,” said Diana Lynn Barnes, a psychotherapist in Southern California who frequently serves as an expert witness in infanticide cases. “Most of the time these women are found guilty of manslaughter, and in many cases they don’t even go to prison.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few states have pushed for similar laws to allow judges to reconsider and lower harsh sentences with evidence of postpartum mental illness in mind. Only one succeeded: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=100-0574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Illinois\u003c/a> in 2018. When California advocates broached the topic that same year, they said lawmakers told them, “No, not now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a uniform standard for these cases in the U.S., judgments have been \u003ca href=\"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060&context=uclf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arbitrary and variable\u003c/a>, from life without parole to probation, often depending on the sympathies of the judge or jury. Most courts continue to view women who harm their children the same as trained assassins, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Coronado was charged with three counts of first-degree murder. The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office considered \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailybreeze.com/2014/05/23/mother-charged-in-daughters-murders-near-carson-could-face-death-penalty/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seeking the death penalty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11800379\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3-160x121.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3-800x603.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3-1020x769.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It Was the Disease’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first time Rudy and Carol Coronado ever heard of postpartum psychosis was after Carol was taken to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors later told them that Carol’s break from reality was caused by hormonal changes from her last pregnancy, lack of sleep and the relentless cycle of breastfeeding and caring for three babies under three. \u003ca href=\"https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1325&context=lawreview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Two-thirds of women\u003c/a> who kill their children following childbirth suffer from postpartum psychosis, a 2000 study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody who saw her, all of the doctors, within hours and days of this event found that she had some kind of a psychotic disorder,” said Barnes, the expert witness in Carol’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol’s bizarre behavior, her confusion and detachment, she said, these are all symptoms of postpartum psychosis — and they can develop without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She will look disheveled, not just unkempt, but disheveled. She’ll start to look glazed over,” Barnes said. “She may be looking around as though she’s taking things in from the environment that may or may not be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy finally had an explanation for Carol’s sudden change in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was thinking like a demon possessed her or something because her eyes went black,” he said. “Now I know that it was the disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what frustrates Rudy now — knowing there’s treatment that could have cleared Carol’s symptoms and prevented what happened that day. If he had only known what he was seeing and what else to look for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Psychotherapist Diana Lynn Barnes, the expert witness in Carol’s case']‘Everybody who saw her, all of the doctors, within hours and days of this event found that she had some kind of a psychotic disorder.’[/pullquote]Postpartum psychosis affects \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109493/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one to two moms\u003c/a> out of 1,000 births, but many reproductive psychiatrists believe that is an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710961/she-strived-to-be-the-perfect-mom-and-landed-in-the-psych-ward\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">underestimate\u003c/a> because the symptoms are easy to miss, and the doctors who most often see new moms are not trained to recognize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Postpartum psychosis often presents with delirium-type symptoms, mainly confusion and disorganized thoughts and not classic hallucinations or paranoia,” said Nirmaljit Dhami, a reproductive psychiatrist in Mountain View. “And the symptoms wax and wane. I had one patient who was confused at times and very clear at other times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women with postpartum psychosis often experience a mood disturbance, too, either mania or depression. Carol’s lawyer argued she was depressed, but that her doctors missed that, too. Her primary care doctor, Bijan Ghatan, testified at her trial that Carol didn’t “seem depressed” to him, when he saw her six days before the deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was her usual jovial self,” Ghatan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was 2014, four years before the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Screening-for-Perinatal-Depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rewrote its guidelines\u003c/a> to recommend doctors administer a formal screening test for postpartum depression, and five years before \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> made the test \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/362521/woman-seeks-help-for-post-partum-depression-the-nurse-calls-the-cops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mandatory\u003c/a>. So Carol’s doctor said he didn’t do one. He said Carol didn’t seem depressed, so he didn’t ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we enter an exam room, we always say, ‘Hey, you look great! Look at the baby! Yay!’ ” said Torie Sepah, a reproductive psychiatrist who has delivered many babies over many years in family practice. “That leaves no room for the mom to not be doing great. To say, ‘Actually, I’m really miserable.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are conditioned to act like they’re happy and have it together, Sepah said. To admit otherwise might invite others to believe she’s a bad mom, or, worst of all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/362521/woman-seeks-help-for-post-partum-depression-the-nurse-calls-the-cops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trigger a call\u003c/a> to a government agency that might take the baby away. That’s why testing is now required for all new moms, she said, no matter how they present in the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Sepah, who treated Carol at a Los Angeles jail in the days after her daughters’ deaths, there is no doubt she had postpartum psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the children were killed, Sepah said, there were clinical signs that something was off, in particular, Carol’s weight loss: She weighed less after having her third baby than she did before getting pregnant with her first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-800x610.jpg\" alt=\"After Carol Coronado was arrested, she was taken to a hospital where she was treated for self-inflicted stab wounds and given anti-psychotic medication.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-800x610.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-1020x778.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After Carol Coronado was arrested, she was taken to a hospital where she was treated for self-inflicted stab wounds and given anti-psychotic medication. \u003ccite>(Evidence file/Compton Courthouse)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What Carol Remembers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That day, Carol was treated briefly in the hospital for a punctured lung, then taken straight to jail. She was on suicide watch for the next 21 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That whole time, Carol says she didn’t know what was going on or what had happened. The scar, from plunging the knife into her chest? She had no idea how it got there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Rudy Coronado']‘I was thinking like a demon possessed her or something because her eyes went black. Now I know that it was the disease.’[/pullquote]It’s common for people not to remember what happened during a psychotic episode, said Dr. Sepah. Cognitive pathways short circuit and synapses stop firing correctly: “Instead of going A, B, C, they’re going A, D, G,” she said. Those kinds of thought patterns are too disorganized for memories to form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol says her memories stop about a week before the killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s about the time my brain began to stutter and shut off, memory-wise. Before it completely broke,” she says over a scratchy phone connection from prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does remember having nightmares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was terrified to go to sleep. I wasn’t showering, taking a bath, brushing my teeth. I wasn’t eating. I wasn’t doing anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She couldn’t concentrate. She put socks away in the fridge and milk in the dresser. She felt overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like I was worthless, helpless, hopeless and I’d be better off dead,” she says. “That nobody needed me. That I was nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal Insanity: The Twinkie Defense to Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carol was not much help to her defense attorney. At the time, she did not have the insight into her feelings that she is beginning to have now, five years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her lawyer’s strategy was an insanity defense. And here the odds were against them: Less than 1% of criminal cases end with a successful insanity defense, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21370218_The_Volume_and_Characteristics_of_Insanity_Defense_Pleas_An_Eight-State_Study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a seminal study\u003c/a> from 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very, very hard defense to make,” said Michelle Oberman, a law professor at Santa Clara University School of Law. “It almost never works in postpartum mental health defenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because of what happened in 1981, when John Hinckley Jr. fired multiple gunshots in his attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan. Hinckley, 25, said he was in love with actress Jodie Foster, and he was convinced that she would fall in love with him if he killed the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychiatrists said Hinckley had schizophrenia and the jury found him not guilty by reason of insanity. He spent the next 30 years in a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans were outraged: The day after the verdict, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0879235330/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">83% said justice\u003c/a> had not been done. Lawmakers from 38 states rewrote their insanity laws to ensure that another Hinckley “would not get off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Michelle Oberman, law professor at Santa Clara University School of Law']‘The test for proving insanity is so out of keeping with the way that we understand how the mind works.’[/pullquote]One of them was \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_California_Proposition_8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California\u003c/a>. The state had its own version of the Hinckley case a few years earlier in 1978, when Dan White climbed through a window into San Francisco City Hall and shot and killed Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White’s lawyer argued what would from then on be remembered as the infamous “Twinkie defense.” He said White suffered from depression, which made him periodically obsessed with junk food, and which compromised his capacity to understand or control what he was doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury found White guilty of manslaughter, rather than murder, and sentenced him to eight years in prison. San Francisco erupted in riots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this, just when the jury delivered the Hinckley verdict, California voters passed a tough-on-crime measure that included an overhaul of the state’s insanity defense law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of \u003ca href=\"https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/the-insanity-defense-among-the-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">25 states\u003c/a> that now uses a strict legal test for insanity established in 1843. It’s focused on whether a person knows the difference between right and wrong — it’s a moral test, not a clinical one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The test for proving insanity is so out of keeping with the way that we understand how the mind works,” law professor Michelle Oberman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it completely ignores the \u003ca href=\"https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=jhcl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">risk factors\u003c/a> researchers now know are associated with infanticide: isolation and shame. These moms spend long hours alone with their kids with little to no help, Oberman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of moms, they start to feel like a failure, like a bad mom. But with psychosis in the mix, this belief becomes a full-on delusion. Up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174580/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">29% of moms\u003c/a> who kill their kids also kill themselves, and even more attempt suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They start to believe that their children would be better off with them in heaven,” Oberman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800241\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800241\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house-800x609.png\" alt=\"Outside the home of Carol and Rudy Coronado after she killed the couple's three daughters.\" width=\"800\" height=\"609\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house-800x609.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house-160x122.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house.png 978w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outside the home of Carol and Rudy Coronado after she killed the couple’s three daughters. \u003ccite>(Evidence file/Compton Courthouse)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Carol Coronado went on trial in 2015, she said she couldn’t remember anything from the day her daughters died. And even though this is common with psychotic episodes, it was the biggest weakness in her legal defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be found insane, Carol would have to prove that she didn’t know what she was doing was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carol says she didn’t know what she was doing at all. She had no explanation for why she did what she did — even a psychotic explanation that her babies would be better off in heaven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Carol Coronado']‘I literally kept looking for my children, having delusions that they were on the other side of that door, that they were going to walk in at any moment and I would be able to hold them .’[/pullquote]The prosecutor, Emily Spear, exploited this weakness at every turn, filling the void in Carol’s memory with her own narrative of what happened. She said Carol’s motive was revenge. She said Rudy was a jerk, leaving Carol in charge of three little girls with no help. She said Carol had had enough that day and decided to get back at Rudy by killing their daughters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marriage was not a good one,” Spear said during her opening statement. “Finances were very, very tough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was a crime of rage, of desperation, but not delusion, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spear interpreted all of Carol’s actions from that day according to this revenge narrative. She framed each move as a premeditated moral failing — while the defense reframed everything as a clinical symptom of psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecutor pointed to statements Carol gave to a detective hours after she was arrested, when he asked her if she killed her children to “get back at her husband.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said: “If that’s true, do I get a better deal?” When the detective asked her, “What do you need from us in order to tell us what happened?” Carol responded: “Bedpan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A psychotic mind has a logic all its own,” said defense expert witness Diana Lynn Barnes. “The state is attempting to use rational, logical thought to explain psychosis, which is illogical and delusional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the thing about postpartum psychosis that most often gets confused in court, she added: the way the symptoms wax and wane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if one moment I’m telling you something, but then in the next moment I can’t remember what I just did – that kind of looks like I’m faking it,” Barnes said. “But it’s actually the clinical presentation of postpartum psychosis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Calm, Just Like Me\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Carol came into the visiting room at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, she looked — four years after the trial — as she did in the courtroom shot of her that ran in the paper over and over: straight brown hair, a little greasy; pale skin and no makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Defense expert witness, Diana Lynn Barnes']‘A psychotic mind has a logic all its own. The state is attempting to use rational, logical thought to explain psychosis, which is illogical and delusional.’[/pullquote]Carol is getting some treatment here, but it’s hard to tell if it’s working. Conversation with her jumped around. She easily veered off on tangents. Sometimes she said things that didn’t make sense. On other topics, she went deep into detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the last time her family went to the beach together. Rudy and Sophie went straight for the ocean. But Yazi stayed with Carol. She liked to run her little rake through the sand, look at the lines, then wipe them flat and do it again. Sophie is just like Rudy, social and playful. Yazi is Zen, calm. Just like me, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these stories about the girls still come out in the present tense. Throughout her trial, Carol said she thought her children were still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I literally kept looking for my children, having delusions that they were on the other side of that door, that they were going to walk in at any moment and I would be able to hold them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her family called her in prison and Carol asked after the girls, her mother just said they were “gone.” Rudy said they were “safe.” Carol figured they were at their godparents’ house or her sister’s house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was her lawyer who told her what happened. The specifics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I flipped out. I became hysterical and inconsolable. I was screaming,” Carol said. “I did not believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Carol’s case came down to was what the judge believed. She opted for a bench trial, deciding not to take her chances on a jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the judge said he thought Carol did suffer from a mental health condition. He said he believed she needed treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the insanity law is the law. He said she would have to get treatment in prison. He sentenced her to three consecutive life sentences. No parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Successful Insanity Defense\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Angela Burling once stood before a judge like Carol did, after she killed her son. There were a lot of similarities between Angela’s case and Carol’s, except the outcome: One went to prison, and the other went home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t have been more fortunate,” Angela said from her home outside Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1983, nine months after Angela gave birth to her second child, Michael, she stopped breastfeeding him abruptly, rather than weaning him gradually as doctors now recommend. She started having strange thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt I had a calling to expunge the world of evil,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began to believe her husband, Jeff, was Jesus. She was the bride of Christ. And her baby Michael, was the devil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt I needed to drown Michael,” she said. “But then I thought, ‘He’ll come back to life. Jeff will raise him from the dead in three days. Then the world will know: Jeff is Jesus and peace will reign.’ So that’s what I did. I drowned him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the thing that made the difference in Angela’s case – her account of what happened fit the strict legal test for insanity. She believed her son was the devil and that killing him was the right thing to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge found her not guilty by reason of insanity. He sentenced her to outpatient treatment, meaning Angela could go home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela recovered. The psychosis went away and Angela has since been doing well taking regular medication for bipolar disorder – doctors now understand women with the disorder have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109493/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">30% likelihood\u003c/a> of experiencing postpartum psychosis. Women who have had postpartum psychosis with one pregnancy have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50% chance\u003c/a> of having it again with a subsequent pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Angela Burling, who drowned her son while suffering from postpartum psychosis']‘I make a case for understanding how it can happen to anybody. I could be your sister, or your daughter, or your wife.’[/pullquote]So when Angela became pregnant with her third child, she put together a team of top-notch psychiatric providers to be on call. In their care, she was sure the psychosis would not come back, and even if it did, she was certain no harm would come to her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I found out I was pregnant, I was the happiest woman on earth,” she said. “Because I felt like, I have another chance – to raise another baby. And prove I’m a good mom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went back to school for her master’s degree in nursing, and when her first marriage frayed under the tensions of what happened, she remarried. She and her second husband have been together for 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like what happened to me is what should happen to other women in my situation,” said Angela, now 64. “I make a case for understanding how it can happen to anybody. I could be your sister, or your daughter, or your wife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela believes the way to level the field for all women is for California to adopt a law similar to Britain’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanticide_Act_1938\">Infanticide Act\u003c/a>, which says any woman who kills her baby is presumed to be mentally ill and faces a maximum charge of manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1989, a California senator was so moved by Angela’s story that \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6769000-Senate-Resolution-23-Complete-Apr-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he recommended California adopt a version of this law\u003c/a>. But it never went anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a pretty bold resolution,” she said. “I don’t know if society was ready for it then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illinois, the one state that has managed to make a small change, now allows judges to give women lower sentences if postpartum mental illness was a factor in her baby’s death. For women already convicted, they could get a new hearing and a reduced sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the first criminal statute in the U.S. that mentions postpartum psychosis by name. Advocates in Massachusetts, Connecticut and New York are considering a similar law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California were to follow suit, KQED’s data analysis shows more than 40 women currently in prison could have their cases reheard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t fail these moms twice,” said Joy Burkhard, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.2020mom.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020 Mom\u003c/a>, an advocacy group seeking a sponsor for a similar law in California. “They’re failed by the health care system, then again by the legal system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800250\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rudy Coronado reading a letter from Carol.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rudy Coronado reading a letter from Carol at his home in October 2018. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Speak to the Dads’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rudy Coronado packs up oil, anti-freeze and wiper blades from his stall at the Alpine Village flea market in Los Angeles. He’s been selling auto parts here since his girls were born, about eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to want to get rich, to leave something for my daughters. That was my fire, that was my fuel,” said Rudy, now 41. “Now, my fire is gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He still feels guilty that he didn’t know what was happening to Carol. He still thinks about the way he talked to her or if there was something he could have done to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Joy Burkhard, executive director of 2020 Mom']‘We can’t fail these moms twice. They’re failed by the health care system, then again by the legal system.’[/pullquote]So when women’s health advocates asked him for help, he said yes. He always says yes. He speaks at rallies and forums and in the state Legislature. His testimony helped pass a package of laws in 2018, including the one requiring mandatory screening of new moms for postpartum mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals now also have to \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB3032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">train staff\u003c/a> how to recognize symptoms, and the state is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">applying for more federal money\u003c/a> to do more outreach to families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always make it an issue to go and speak to the dads,” Rudy said of his public appearances. “Because no one never talks to the dads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells them: Postpartum mental illness is real. Look for it. Research it. Don’t confuse it with “baby mama drama.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a famous thing,” Rudy explained. ” ‘Aw, my baby mama’s trippin.’ Now I tell them, ‘Your baby mama is not trippin. Your baby mama’s going through it.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work has helped him to understand what happened to Carol that day, but not necessarily to forgive her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way I think about it, like, I blame the disease, not Carol,” he said. “It’s not that I forgive Carol. I’ve kind of, somehow, not really blamed her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800253\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800253\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rudy Coronado reading a letter from Carol.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rudy Coronado shows a drawing that Carol sent to him from prison in November 2017. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Should Have Been in a Hospital’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last October, the Saturday before Carol’s 36th birthday, her parents, David and Julie Piercey, got up at 4 a.m. and drove their Dodge minivan five hours north from Los Angeles to the prison in Chowchilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the visiting room with Carol, they didn’t say much. They just played round after round of dominoes. Later in the parking lot, they both said Carol doesn’t belong here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had no business going to prison,” her dad said. “She should have been in a hospital, period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all they wanted from an insanity defense, for Carol to go to a place where she could get real treatment. Not a place where she says other inmates beat her up and call her a baby killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents said Carol still says things that don’t make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She tells us, ‘I’m going to be getting out in a couple of weeks or three weeks or a month,’ ” David said. “It’s heart-wrenching because I know it’s never going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her dad can’t bring himself to say anything in response. Her mom can’t help but say something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘OK Carol. I’ll be happy when you get out, sweetheart!’ ” she said. ” ‘Mama’s waiting for you.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11710961,news_11744174,news_362521]These conversations are too hard for Rudy. He doesn’t visit Carol anymore. He hasn’t talked to her on the phone in three years. He said she’s not the same person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol still writes to Rudy. He has stacks and stacks of her letters. But he stopped reading those, too. He said she never mentions what happened. She never writes about the girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t even write their names. Just draws cryptic images of threes: three pumpkins, three stars. Three hearts with three letters inside, the girls’ initials: S, Y, X.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April Dembosky is a health correspondent at KQED public radio and The California Report. She is also a recipient of a Rosalynn Carter Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Kate Wolffe contributed research for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Several psychiatric experts said Carol Coronado was psychotic when she killed her three daughters. But proving insanity comes down to a moral test, not a clinical one.",
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"title": "She Killed Her Children. Can We Forgive Her? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Years later, Rudy Coronado still refers to what happened as “that day.” He thinks about what he said, what he didn’t say and what he wishes he could take back. The signs he missed – and the signs he saw, but ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That day, Carol was acting kind of weird,” he stammered. “She was just different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not different the way his wife was usually different, the traits that charmed Rudy when they first met at a doughnut shop in Carson: her simple, no makeup, no celebrity gossip style; her book-loving, hard-working focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not quirky, the way she was quirky, separating the rice and beans and vegetables on her plate, and always eating one thing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not precise and meticulous, the way she learned to be in the military and then later applied to motherhood, keeping spreadsheets on all the daily activities of their three daughters: Sophia, 2, Yazmine, 1, and Xenia, 3 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time she breast fed, every bottle she gave them – everything was documented,” Rudy said. “Every time they pooped, how they pooped, everything. Everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, May 20, 2014, was different. Carol seemed to wake up in a panic. She called her mom over and over, leaving one desperate message after another: “Mommy, please call me. Please — Please — Please. I’m tired. I’m exhausted. I’m hungry,” she said, crying and rambling until the voicemail system cut her off four times in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the sixth message, Carol sounded spent: “Mom. Please call me. I love you. Bye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the afternoon, Carol was barely saying anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Rudy came inside after working on his ’68 Chevy truck across the street from their home in Torrance, Sophia was running around with no diaper on. There was poop on the carpet, poop on the walls, poop on her hands. Carol was lying on the bed. Her eyes were blank, black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy started yelling. And that’s when he said the thing he wishes he hadn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Carol – to what extreme is this going to get to?’ And I regret telling her that,” he said. “Because I don’t know if that’s what kind of sparked her to do something dumb? To do that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy went back outside. He was working on his truck when Carol’s mom came over after her shift driving a local school bus. She went into the house, then ran out, screaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three girls were dead. Carol had taken a knife from the kitchen and stabbed them each in the throat and through the heart. Then she laid them on the bed, in order from youngest to oldest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first glance, it was weird, ’cause I didn’t see no blood. I don’t remember seeing blood. So when I walked up and I touched Sophie, she was cold,” he recalled, his voice catching. “I was like, ‘What’d you do?’ I couldn’t believe my eyes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol looked at Rudy and told him she loved him. Then she pushed the knife into her own chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Victim or the Monster?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carol did not die that day. If she had, perhaps she would have been mourned, alongside her daughters, as one of the victims of an inexplicable tragedy. But her survival meant that day would have to be explained — in court, by prosecutors, who would cast Carol as a criminal, driven by revenge, and deserving of society’s harshest judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Even though several psychiatrists testified that Carol was suffering from postpartum psychosis, a severe mental illness triggered by childbirth, the judge would set that evidence aside: The law used to evaluate these cases was written a century before any doctor had uttered such a diagnosis, and the web of clinical symptoms simply doesn’t fit the legal test for insanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, more than 100 women are in prison for killing their children, data analysis by KQED shows. The state prison system doesn’t track these numbers, so KQED reviewed thousands of court records and news reports to calculate them. Forty percent of these women took their baby’s life before they were a year old. Seventy percent of those women are serving life sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t happen in other developed countries. \u003ca href=\"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/1-2/36/section/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">England\u003c/a>, Canada, Australia, Japan, Brazil, Sweden and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174580/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than a dozen other nations\u003c/a> have specific laws for these cases. Most are modeled after Britain’s Infanticide Act, which says if a woman harms her child within a year of giving birth, it is presumed she suffered from a postpartum mental illness. She is often sentenced to treatment, not incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an assumption that something was off,” said Diana Lynn Barnes, a psychotherapist in Southern California who frequently serves as an expert witness in infanticide cases. “Most of the time these women are found guilty of manslaughter, and in many cases they don’t even go to prison.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few states have pushed for similar laws to allow judges to reconsider and lower harsh sentences with evidence of postpartum mental illness in mind. Only one succeeded: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=100-0574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Illinois\u003c/a> in 2018. When California advocates broached the topic that same year, they said lawmakers told them, “No, not now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a uniform standard for these cases in the U.S., judgments have been \u003ca href=\"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1060&context=uclf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arbitrary and variable\u003c/a>, from life without parole to probation, often depending on the sympathies of the judge or jury. Most courts continue to view women who harm their children the same as trained assassins, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Coronado was charged with three counts of first-degree murder. The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office considered \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailybreeze.com/2014/05/23/mother-charged-in-daughters-murders-near-carson-could-face-death-penalty/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seeking the death penalty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11800379\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3-160x121.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3-800x603.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/postpartumfinal3-1020x769.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It Was the Disease’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first time Rudy and Carol Coronado ever heard of postpartum psychosis was after Carol was taken to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors later told them that Carol’s break from reality was caused by hormonal changes from her last pregnancy, lack of sleep and the relentless cycle of breastfeeding and caring for three babies under three. \u003ca href=\"https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1325&context=lawreview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Two-thirds of women\u003c/a> who kill their children following childbirth suffer from postpartum psychosis, a 2000 study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody who saw her, all of the doctors, within hours and days of this event found that she had some kind of a psychotic disorder,” said Barnes, the expert witness in Carol’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol’s bizarre behavior, her confusion and detachment, she said, these are all symptoms of postpartum psychosis — and they can develop without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She will look disheveled, not just unkempt, but disheveled. She’ll start to look glazed over,” Barnes said. “She may be looking around as though she’s taking things in from the environment that may or may not be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy finally had an explanation for Carol’s sudden change in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was thinking like a demon possessed her or something because her eyes went black,” he said. “Now I know that it was the disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what frustrates Rudy now — knowing there’s treatment that could have cleared Carol’s symptoms and prevented what happened that day. If he had only known what he was seeing and what else to look for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Postpartum psychosis affects \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109493/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one to two moms\u003c/a> out of 1,000 births, but many reproductive psychiatrists believe that is an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710961/she-strived-to-be-the-perfect-mom-and-landed-in-the-psych-ward\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">underestimate\u003c/a> because the symptoms are easy to miss, and the doctors who most often see new moms are not trained to recognize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Postpartum psychosis often presents with delirium-type symptoms, mainly confusion and disorganized thoughts and not classic hallucinations or paranoia,” said Nirmaljit Dhami, a reproductive psychiatrist in Mountain View. “And the symptoms wax and wane. I had one patient who was confused at times and very clear at other times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women with postpartum psychosis often experience a mood disturbance, too, either mania or depression. Carol’s lawyer argued she was depressed, but that her doctors missed that, too. Her primary care doctor, Bijan Ghatan, testified at her trial that Carol didn’t “seem depressed” to him, when he saw her six days before the deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was her usual jovial self,” Ghatan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was 2014, four years before the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Screening-for-Perinatal-Depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rewrote its guidelines\u003c/a> to recommend doctors administer a formal screening test for postpartum depression, and five years before \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> made the test \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/362521/woman-seeks-help-for-post-partum-depression-the-nurse-calls-the-cops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mandatory\u003c/a>. So Carol’s doctor said he didn’t do one. He said Carol didn’t seem depressed, so he didn’t ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we enter an exam room, we always say, ‘Hey, you look great! Look at the baby! Yay!’ ” said Torie Sepah, a reproductive psychiatrist who has delivered many babies over many years in family practice. “That leaves no room for the mom to not be doing great. To say, ‘Actually, I’m really miserable.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women are conditioned to act like they’re happy and have it together, Sepah said. To admit otherwise might invite others to believe she’s a bad mom, or, worst of all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/362521/woman-seeks-help-for-post-partum-depression-the-nurse-calls-the-cops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trigger a call\u003c/a> to a government agency that might take the baby away. That’s why testing is now required for all new moms, she said, no matter how they present in the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Sepah, who treated Carol at a Los Angeles jail in the days after her daughters’ deaths, there is no doubt she had postpartum psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the children were killed, Sepah said, there were clinical signs that something was off, in particular, Carol’s weight loss: She weighed less after having her third baby than she did before getting pregnant with her first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-800x610.jpg\" alt=\"After Carol Coronado was arrested, she was taken to a hospital where she was treated for self-inflicted stab wounds and given anti-psychotic medication.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-800x610.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut-1020x778.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis_hospital_Carol-Coronado-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After Carol Coronado was arrested, she was taken to a hospital where she was treated for self-inflicted stab wounds and given anti-psychotic medication. \u003ccite>(Evidence file/Compton Courthouse)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What Carol Remembers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That day, Carol was treated briefly in the hospital for a punctured lung, then taken straight to jail. She was on suicide watch for the next 21 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That whole time, Carol says she didn’t know what was going on or what had happened. The scar, from plunging the knife into her chest? She had no idea how it got there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It’s common for people not to remember what happened during a psychotic episode, said Dr. Sepah. Cognitive pathways short circuit and synapses stop firing correctly: “Instead of going A, B, C, they’re going A, D, G,” she said. Those kinds of thought patterns are too disorganized for memories to form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol says her memories stop about a week before the killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s about the time my brain began to stutter and shut off, memory-wise. Before it completely broke,” she says over a scratchy phone connection from prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does remember having nightmares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was terrified to go to sleep. I wasn’t showering, taking a bath, brushing my teeth. I wasn’t eating. I wasn’t doing anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She couldn’t concentrate. She put socks away in the fridge and milk in the dresser. She felt overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like I was worthless, helpless, hopeless and I’d be better off dead,” she says. “That nobody needed me. That I was nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Legal Insanity: The Twinkie Defense to Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carol was not much help to her defense attorney. At the time, she did not have the insight into her feelings that she is beginning to have now, five years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her lawyer’s strategy was an insanity defense. And here the odds were against them: Less than 1% of criminal cases end with a successful insanity defense, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/21370218_The_Volume_and_Characteristics_of_Insanity_Defense_Pleas_An_Eight-State_Study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a seminal study\u003c/a> from 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very, very hard defense to make,” said Michelle Oberman, a law professor at Santa Clara University School of Law. “It almost never works in postpartum mental health defenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because of what happened in 1981, when John Hinckley Jr. fired multiple gunshots in his attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan. Hinckley, 25, said he was in love with actress Jodie Foster, and he was convinced that she would fall in love with him if he killed the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychiatrists said Hinckley had schizophrenia and the jury found him not guilty by reason of insanity. He spent the next 30 years in a psychiatric hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans were outraged: The day after the verdict, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0879235330/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">83% said justice\u003c/a> had not been done. Lawmakers from 38 states rewrote their insanity laws to ensure that another Hinckley “would not get off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The test for proving insanity is so out of keeping with the way that we understand how the mind works.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One of them was \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_California_Proposition_8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California\u003c/a>. The state had its own version of the Hinckley case a few years earlier in 1978, when Dan White climbed through a window into San Francisco City Hall and shot and killed Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White’s lawyer argued what would from then on be remembered as the infamous “Twinkie defense.” He said White suffered from depression, which made him periodically obsessed with junk food, and which compromised his capacity to understand or control what he was doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury found White guilty of manslaughter, rather than murder, and sentenced him to eight years in prison. San Francisco erupted in riots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this, just when the jury delivered the Hinckley verdict, California voters passed a tough-on-crime measure that included an overhaul of the state’s insanity defense law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of \u003ca href=\"https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/the-insanity-defense-among-the-states.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">25 states\u003c/a> that now uses a strict legal test for insanity established in 1843. It’s focused on whether a person knows the difference between right and wrong — it’s a moral test, not a clinical one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The test for proving insanity is so out of keeping with the way that we understand how the mind works,” law professor Michelle Oberman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it completely ignores the \u003ca href=\"https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=jhcl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">risk factors\u003c/a> researchers now know are associated with infanticide: isolation and shame. These moms spend long hours alone with their kids with little to no help, Oberman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of moms, they start to feel like a failure, like a bad mom. But with psychosis in the mix, this belief becomes a full-on delusion. Up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174580/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">29% of moms\u003c/a> who kill their kids also kill themselves, and even more attempt suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They start to believe that their children would be better off with them in heaven,” Oberman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800241\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800241\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house-800x609.png\" alt=\"Outside the home of Carol and Rudy Coronado after she killed the couple's three daughters.\" width=\"800\" height=\"609\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house-800x609.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house-160x122.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/postpartum-psychosis-postpartum-depression-coronado-house.png 978w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outside the home of Carol and Rudy Coronado after she killed the couple’s three daughters. \u003ccite>(Evidence file/Compton Courthouse)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Carol Coronado went on trial in 2015, she said she couldn’t remember anything from the day her daughters died. And even though this is common with psychotic episodes, it was the biggest weakness in her legal defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be found insane, Carol would have to prove that she didn’t know what she was doing was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carol says she didn’t know what she was doing at all. She had no explanation for why she did what she did — even a psychotic explanation that her babies would be better off in heaven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The prosecutor, Emily Spear, exploited this weakness at every turn, filling the void in Carol’s memory with her own narrative of what happened. She said Carol’s motive was revenge. She said Rudy was a jerk, leaving Carol in charge of three little girls with no help. She said Carol had had enough that day and decided to get back at Rudy by killing their daughters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marriage was not a good one,” Spear said during her opening statement. “Finances were very, very tough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was a crime of rage, of desperation, but not delusion, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spear interpreted all of Carol’s actions from that day according to this revenge narrative. She framed each move as a premeditated moral failing — while the defense reframed everything as a clinical symptom of psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecutor pointed to statements Carol gave to a detective hours after she was arrested, when he asked her if she killed her children to “get back at her husband.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said: “If that’s true, do I get a better deal?” When the detective asked her, “What do you need from us in order to tell us what happened?” Carol responded: “Bedpan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A psychotic mind has a logic all its own,” said defense expert witness Diana Lynn Barnes. “The state is attempting to use rational, logical thought to explain psychosis, which is illogical and delusional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the thing about postpartum psychosis that most often gets confused in court, she added: the way the symptoms wax and wane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if one moment I’m telling you something, but then in the next moment I can’t remember what I just did – that kind of looks like I’m faking it,” Barnes said. “But it’s actually the clinical presentation of postpartum psychosis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Calm, Just Like Me\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Carol came into the visiting room at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, she looked — four years after the trial — as she did in the courtroom shot of her that ran in the paper over and over: straight brown hair, a little greasy; pale skin and no makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Carol is getting some treatment here, but it’s hard to tell if it’s working. Conversation with her jumped around. She easily veered off on tangents. Sometimes she said things that didn’t make sense. On other topics, she went deep into detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the last time her family went to the beach together. Rudy and Sophie went straight for the ocean. But Yazi stayed with Carol. She liked to run her little rake through the sand, look at the lines, then wipe them flat and do it again. Sophie is just like Rudy, social and playful. Yazi is Zen, calm. Just like me, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these stories about the girls still come out in the present tense. Throughout her trial, Carol said she thought her children were still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I literally kept looking for my children, having delusions that they were on the other side of that door, that they were going to walk in at any moment and I would be able to hold them,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her family called her in prison and Carol asked after the girls, her mother just said they were “gone.” Rudy said they were “safe.” Carol figured they were at their godparents’ house or her sister’s house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was her lawyer who told her what happened. The specifics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I flipped out. I became hysterical and inconsolable. I was screaming,” Carol said. “I did not believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Carol’s case came down to was what the judge believed. She opted for a bench trial, deciding not to take her chances on a jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the judge said he thought Carol did suffer from a mental health condition. He said he believed she needed treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the insanity law is the law. He said she would have to get treatment in prison. He sentenced her to three consecutive life sentences. No parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Successful Insanity Defense\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Angela Burling once stood before a judge like Carol did, after she killed her son. There were a lot of similarities between Angela’s case and Carol’s, except the outcome: One went to prison, and the other went home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t have been more fortunate,” Angela said from her home outside Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1983, nine months after Angela gave birth to her second child, Michael, she stopped breastfeeding him abruptly, rather than weaning him gradually as doctors now recommend. She started having strange thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt I had a calling to expunge the world of evil,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began to believe her husband, Jeff, was Jesus. She was the bride of Christ. And her baby Michael, was the devil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt I needed to drown Michael,” she said. “But then I thought, ‘He’ll come back to life. Jeff will raise him from the dead in three days. Then the world will know: Jeff is Jesus and peace will reign.’ So that’s what I did. I drowned him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the thing that made the difference in Angela’s case – her account of what happened fit the strict legal test for insanity. She believed her son was the devil and that killing him was the right thing to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge found her not guilty by reason of insanity. He sentenced her to outpatient treatment, meaning Angela could go home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela recovered. The psychosis went away and Angela has since been doing well taking regular medication for bipolar disorder – doctors now understand women with the disorder have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109493/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">30% likelihood\u003c/a> of experiencing postpartum psychosis. Women who have had postpartum psychosis with one pregnancy have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50% chance\u003c/a> of having it again with a subsequent pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I make a case for understanding how it can happen to anybody. I could be your sister, or your daughter, or your wife.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>So when Angela became pregnant with her third child, she put together a team of top-notch psychiatric providers to be on call. In their care, she was sure the psychosis would not come back, and even if it did, she was certain no harm would come to her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I found out I was pregnant, I was the happiest woman on earth,” she said. “Because I felt like, I have another chance – to raise another baby. And prove I’m a good mom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went back to school for her master’s degree in nursing, and when her first marriage frayed under the tensions of what happened, she remarried. She and her second husband have been together for 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like what happened to me is what should happen to other women in my situation,” said Angela, now 64. “I make a case for understanding how it can happen to anybody. I could be your sister, or your daughter, or your wife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela believes the way to level the field for all women is for California to adopt a law similar to Britain’s \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infanticide_Act_1938\">Infanticide Act\u003c/a>, which says any woman who kills her baby is presumed to be mentally ill and faces a maximum charge of manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1989, a California senator was so moved by Angela’s story that \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6769000-Senate-Resolution-23-Complete-Apr-4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he recommended California adopt a version of this law\u003c/a>. But it never went anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a pretty bold resolution,” she said. “I don’t know if society was ready for it then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illinois, the one state that has managed to make a small change, now allows judges to give women lower sentences if postpartum mental illness was a factor in her baby’s death. For women already convicted, they could get a new hearing and a reduced sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the first criminal statute in the U.S. that mentions postpartum psychosis by name. Advocates in Massachusetts, Connecticut and New York are considering a similar law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California were to follow suit, KQED’s data analysis shows more than 40 women currently in prison could have their cases reheard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t fail these moms twice,” said Joy Burkhard, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.2020mom.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020 Mom\u003c/a>, an advocacy group seeking a sponsor for a similar law in California. “They’re failed by the health care system, then again by the legal system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800250\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rudy Coronado reading a letter from Carol.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Rudy-Coronado-3-reading-letter-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rudy Coronado reading a letter from Carol at his home in October 2018. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Speak to the Dads’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rudy Coronado packs up oil, anti-freeze and wiper blades from his stall at the Alpine Village flea market in Los Angeles. He’s been selling auto parts here since his girls were born, about eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to want to get rich, to leave something for my daughters. That was my fire, that was my fuel,” said Rudy, now 41. “Now, my fire is gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He still feels guilty that he didn’t know what was happening to Carol. He still thinks about the way he talked to her or if there was something he could have done to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>So when women’s health advocates asked him for help, he said yes. He always says yes. He speaks at rallies and forums and in the state Legislature. His testimony helped pass a package of laws in 2018, including the one requiring mandatory screening of new moms for postpartum mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals now also have to \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB3032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">train staff\u003c/a> how to recognize symptoms, and the state is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">applying for more federal money\u003c/a> to do more outreach to families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always make it an issue to go and speak to the dads,” Rudy said of his public appearances. “Because no one never talks to the dads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells them: Postpartum mental illness is real. Look for it. Research it. Don’t confuse it with “baby mama drama.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a famous thing,” Rudy explained. ” ‘Aw, my baby mama’s trippin.’ Now I tell them, ‘Your baby mama is not trippin. Your baby mama’s going through it.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work has helped him to understand what happened to Carol that day, but not necessarily to forgive her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way I think about it, like, I blame the disease, not Carol,” he said. “It’s not that I forgive Carol. I’ve kind of, somehow, not really blamed her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800253\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800253\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rudy Coronado reading a letter from Carol.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/Edited_Carol-drawing-close-up-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rudy Coronado shows a drawing that Carol sent to him from prison in November 2017. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Should Have Been in a Hospital’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last October, the Saturday before Carol’s 36th birthday, her parents, David and Julie Piercey, got up at 4 a.m. and drove their Dodge minivan five hours north from Los Angeles to the prison in Chowchilla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the visiting room with Carol, they didn’t say much. They just played round after round of dominoes. Later in the parking lot, they both said Carol doesn’t belong here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had no business going to prison,” her dad said. “She should have been in a hospital, period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all they wanted from an insanity defense, for Carol to go to a place where she could get real treatment. Not a place where she says other inmates beat her up and call her a baby killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents said Carol still says things that don’t make sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She tells us, ‘I’m going to be getting out in a couple of weeks or three weeks or a month,’ ” David said. “It’s heart-wrenching because I know it’s never going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her dad can’t bring himself to say anything in response. Her mom can’t help but say something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘OK Carol. I’ll be happy when you get out, sweetheart!’ ” she said. ” ‘Mama’s waiting for you.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>These conversations are too hard for Rudy. He doesn’t visit Carol anymore. He hasn’t talked to her on the phone in three years. He said she’s not the same person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol still writes to Rudy. He has stacks and stacks of her letters. But he stopped reading those, too. He said she never mentions what happened. She never writes about the girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She doesn’t even write their names. Just draws cryptic images of threes: three pumpkins, three stars. Three hearts with three letters inside, the girls’ initials: S, Y, X.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April Dembosky is a health correspondent at KQED public radio and The California Report. She is also a recipient of a Rosalynn Carter Fellowship for Mental Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Kate Wolffe contributed research for this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Large Parts of the Bay Area Are Built on Fill. Why and Where?",
"headTitle": "Large Parts of the Bay Area Are Built on Fill. Why and Where? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When Nicole was growing up, her grandmother always told her: Don’t live anywhere built on artificial fill. Her uncle also had strong memories of watching the Marina District burn after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, when parts of the ground liquefied, causing buildings to collapse and gas lines to break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole wants to follow her grandmother’s advice, but she needs to know a few things: \u003cstrong>“What neighborhoods and cities in the Bay Area are built on filled land? And what are those cities and neighborhoods doing to mitigate the risk of liquefaction?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 980px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/screen-shot-2020-01-31-at-11-31-01-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799336\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799336\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"980\" height=\"1228\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM.jpg 980w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM-800x1002.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco shoreline from 1895. Pink shows areas of artificial fill; blue shows historical marshlands and creeks. \u003ccite>(Oakland Museum of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What is fill?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Often, when we colloquially refer to fill around the Bay Area, we’re actually referring to two different things:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Artificial fill \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Former or “reclaimed” marshlands and wetlands.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Artificial fill\u003c/em> is land that was created by piling up soil, mud, rocks, rubble and dirt. In many cases, mud was pumped up from the bottom of the San Francisco Bay to fill in piles of rocks, then allowed to dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, this fill was put on top of low-lying areas or shallow wetlands and marshlands. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Treasure Island was made\u003c/a> by piling rocks and mud on the shoals north of Yerba Buena Island. The land that is now the Marina neighborhood in San Francisco was originally filled in for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition — in some cases using debris and rubble from the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/rs40412_sfpl-ti-construction-dredging-aad-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799305\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885-1020x752.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Army Corps of Engineers dredged up the equivalent of 2½ million dump trucks of bay mud and sand to construct Treasure Island. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reclaimed marshlands and wetlands\u003c/em> are not technically fill. However, building levees and draining marshes did change the coastline of the bay, allowing for more development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of years ago, the coastline of the Bay Area looked very different. In many places, the edges of the bay were marshland or wetlands. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, lots of that got drained. People built levees and “reclaimed” the land for what they considered useful purposes, like agriculture. These days, some of those levees have been torn down and land is being returned to tidal marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1434px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/screen-shot-2020-01-31-at-10-08-04-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799307\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1434\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM.png 1434w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM-160x109.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM-800x546.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM-1020x696.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1434px) 100vw, 1434px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These maps from the San Francisco Estuary Institute show what was tidal marshland back around 1800 (left) and what today is still marsh, what’s been restored to tidal bay lands and what is in the works (right). \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbayjv.org/project-maps.php\">San Francisco Bay Joint Venture\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Why did we use fill in the Bay Area?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because fill in the bay let us build, live and farm on land that was previously uninhabitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1800s, \u003ca href=\"https://boomcalifornia.com/2017/09/27/californias-legacy-of-swamplands/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the U.S. Congress passed the U.S. Swamp Land Acts\u003c/a>. These were originally designed to help Louisiana drain its swamp lands and build levees — but were quickly put to use in other states. The laws allowed people to claim wetlands or marshlands as their own property if they drained it and used it for an agricultural purpose. This led to a spree of building levees and draining wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1950s, the Army Corps of Engineers did a study on the development of the Bay Area. They found 243 square miles of land “available for reclamation” \u003cem>had been\u003c/em> reclaimed. That’s a lot of former marshlands, wetlands and tidal lands to have drained or filled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4030153&view=1up&seq=112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">You can read the full study here. It’s wild.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are the problems with artificial fill?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the 1960s, we mostly stopped filling in the Bay because of growing environmental concerns. After the Army Corps of Engineers did its study of the Bay Area, they published a map projecting what the bay would look like if we continued to fill it in. The picture so alarmed people that eventually the state Legislature put an end to bay fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2430px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/attachment/9494033/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799315\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799315\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2430\" height=\"2735\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033.jpg 2430w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-160x180.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-800x900.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-1020x1148.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-1920x2161.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2430px) 100vw, 2430px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map showing projected plans to fill in more portions of the bay by 2020. \u003ccite>(U.S. Army Corp of Engineers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other major problem with artificial fill, which wasn’t well known 100 years ago, is the earthquake danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Keith Knudsen of the U.S. Geological Survey, the fill built on top of bay mud or soft ground is at risk for ground failure or liquefaction during an earthquake. A lot of that old fill was not built with the best engineering practices. It was also frequently placed on top of mud or soft deposits, which amplify shaking. When you have high ground water, loose materials and heavy shaking, those deposits can stop behaving like a solid, and start behaving like a liquid, said Knudsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ground turns into \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=57&v=Rd6W2aP2dkA&feature=emb_logo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a sort of quicksand\u003c/a>. Buildings on top can sink and crack. Also things that are in the ground and filled with air, like sewage pipes, can float to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of bad things can happen if the ground liquefies,” Knudsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmVYbjiNWds\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s being done to mitigate those issues?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The best way to prevent liquefaction and ground failure is to take steps when you’re first creating the artificial fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11790693,science_1952317' label='The Building of Treasure Island']Treasure Island is one of few places in the Bay Area where a large new development is planned to go in on top of artificial fill. Developers there are able to test more intense mitigation techniques. Using things like wick drains and vibratory compaction, they’re draining the water out of the ground, shaking it to settle the loose materials and then pushing down on the fill with heavy dirt loads to compact it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1952317/rising-seas-and-sinking-land-the-precarious-future-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">read more\u003c/a> about what’s happening there in our two-part series about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the artificial island\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news, though, for most of the Bay Area is that it’s hard to go back and re-engineer buildings that are already built. Once an entire neighborhood is constructed, options are even more limited. Anything done to mitigate the risk for one building could affect the others. For example, the San Francisco Transbay Terminal developers used “dewatering” techniques to suck the water out of the ground before they built the terminal. Now \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Sinking-Millennium-Tower-s-developer-built-9278364.php#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">developers of the sinking Millennium Tower say\u003c/a> that affected their building. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do have some standard practices for new buildings built on top of fill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slab or mat foundations — if part of the ground liquefies, then the whole building will sink or tilt in one piece instead of cracking\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Friction piles — it’s a kind of pile foundation that goes deep down, through the fill, into the mud. Some buildings have piles that go all the way to the bedrock\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest things that changed after the 1989 earthquake were new requirements to notify people who live in hazard zones. You can use \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geohazards/eq-zapp\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">the California Earthquake Hazard Zones App\u003c/a> to plug in your address and see if you live in an area at high risk for liquefaction or landslides in the event of an earthquake. The \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/urban/sfbay/liquefaction/sfbay/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">USGS also puts out updated hazard zone maps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, just because you’re in a liquefaction hazard zone doesn’t necessarily mean you live on fill — or vice versa. And those former marshlands and tidal wetlands are not at high risk for liquefaction if the bay mud didn’t have artificial fill put on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>OK, so which parts of the Bay Area are fill?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We have maps to show you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know \u003cem>for sure\u003c/em> if you live on fill is to hire a geologist and do a boring into the ground. Short of that, the other way is to map the geological deposits the way the USGS does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We overlay them on current maps and then the boundary between what used to be the coastline and what is currently the coastline … that’s been filled,” Knudsen said. USGS also does additional topography work to put together \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/of00-444_7b.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">detailed maps of geological deposits\u003c/a>. While this can miss individual buildings or neighborhoods, it’s the most accurate record of the whole Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using that USGS data, we created this map showing artificial fill areas and former tidal marshlands or wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/b488870b-a8c4-43f4-803a-04691206c9e3/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.6255em;\">Data from the US Geological Survey from \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/\">2000\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/\">2006\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.6255em;align:right\">Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lisa Pickoff-White contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Nicole was growing up, her grandmother always told her: Don’t live anywhere built on artificial fill. Her uncle also had strong memories of watching the Marina District burn after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, when parts of the ground liquefied, causing buildings to collapse and gas lines to break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole wants to follow her grandmother’s advice, but she needs to know a few things: \u003cstrong>“What neighborhoods and cities in the Bay Area are built on filled land? And what are those cities and neighborhoods doing to mitigate the risk of liquefaction?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 980px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/screen-shot-2020-01-31-at-11-31-01-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799336\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799336\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"980\" height=\"1228\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM.jpg 980w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-11.31.01-AM-800x1002.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 980px) 100vw, 980px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisco shoreline from 1895. Pink shows areas of artificial fill; blue shows historical marshlands and creeks. \u003ccite>(Oakland Museum of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>What is fill?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Often, when we colloquially refer to fill around the Bay Area, we’re actually referring to two different things:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Artificial fill \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Former or “reclaimed” marshlands and wetlands.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Artificial fill\u003c/em> is land that was created by piling up soil, mud, rocks, rubble and dirt. In many cases, mud was pumped up from the bottom of the San Francisco Bay to fill in piles of rocks, then allowed to dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, this fill was put on top of low-lying areas or shallow wetlands and marshlands. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Treasure Island was made\u003c/a> by piling rocks and mud on the shoals north of Yerba Buena Island. The land that is now the Marina neighborhood in San Francisco was originally filled in for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition — in some cases using debris and rubble from the 1906 earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/rs40412_sfpl-ti-construction-dredging-aad-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799305\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885-800x590.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40412_SFPL-TI-Construction-dredging-AAD-3783_600dpi-qut-1200x885-1020x752.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Army Corps of Engineers dredged up the equivalent of 2½ million dump trucks of bay mud and sand to construct Treasure Island. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reclaimed marshlands and wetlands\u003c/em> are not technically fill. However, building levees and draining marshes did change the coastline of the bay, allowing for more development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of years ago, the coastline of the Bay Area looked very different. In many places, the edges of the bay were marshland or wetlands. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, lots of that got drained. People built levees and “reclaimed” the land for what they considered useful purposes, like agriculture. These days, some of those levees have been torn down and land is being returned to tidal marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1434px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/screen-shot-2020-01-31-at-10-08-04-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799307\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1434\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM.png 1434w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM-160x109.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM-800x546.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Screen-Shot-2020-01-31-at-10.08.04-AM-1020x696.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1434px) 100vw, 1434px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These maps from the San Francisco Estuary Institute show what was tidal marshland back around 1800 (left) and what today is still marsh, what’s been restored to tidal bay lands and what is in the works (right). \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbayjv.org/project-maps.php\">San Francisco Bay Joint Venture\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Why did we use fill in the Bay Area?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because fill in the bay let us build, live and farm on land that was previously uninhabitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1800s, \u003ca href=\"https://boomcalifornia.com/2017/09/27/californias-legacy-of-swamplands/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the U.S. Congress passed the U.S. Swamp Land Acts\u003c/a>. These were originally designed to help Louisiana drain its swamp lands and build levees — but were quickly put to use in other states. The laws allowed people to claim wetlands or marshlands as their own property if they drained it and used it for an agricultural purpose. This led to a spree of building levees and draining wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1950s, the Army Corps of Engineers did a study on the development of the Bay Area. They found 243 square miles of land “available for reclamation” \u003cem>had been\u003c/em> reclaimed. That’s a lot of former marshlands, wetlands and tidal lands to have drained or filled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4030153&view=1up&seq=112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">You can read the full study here. It’s wild.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are the problems with artificial fill?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By the 1960s, we mostly stopped filling in the Bay because of growing environmental concerns. After the Army Corps of Engineers did its study of the Bay Area, they published a map projecting what the bay would look like if we continued to fill it in. The picture so alarmed people that eventually the state Legislature put an end to bay fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2430px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/02/06/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where/attachment/9494033/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11799315\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11799315\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2430\" height=\"2735\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033.jpg 2430w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-160x180.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-800x900.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-1020x1148.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/9494033-1920x2161.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2430px) 100vw, 2430px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map showing projected plans to fill in more portions of the bay by 2020. \u003ccite>(U.S. Army Corp of Engineers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other major problem with artificial fill, which wasn’t well known 100 years ago, is the earthquake danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Keith Knudsen of the U.S. Geological Survey, the fill built on top of bay mud or soft ground is at risk for ground failure or liquefaction during an earthquake. A lot of that old fill was not built with the best engineering practices. It was also frequently placed on top of mud or soft deposits, which amplify shaking. When you have high ground water, loose materials and heavy shaking, those deposits can stop behaving like a solid, and start behaving like a liquid, said Knudsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ground turns into \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=57&v=Rd6W2aP2dkA&feature=emb_logo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a sort of quicksand\u003c/a>. Buildings on top can sink and crack. Also things that are in the ground and filled with air, like sewage pipes, can float to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of bad things can happen if the ground liquefies,” Knudsen said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qmVYbjiNWds'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qmVYbjiNWds'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>What’s being done to mitigate those issues?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The best way to prevent liquefaction and ground failure is to take steps when you’re first creating the artificial fill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Treasure Island is one of few places in the Bay Area where a large new development is planned to go in on top of artificial fill. Developers there are able to test more intense mitigation techniques. Using things like wick drains and vibratory compaction, they’re draining the water out of the ground, shaking it to settle the loose materials and then pushing down on the fill with heavy dirt loads to compact it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1952317/rising-seas-and-sinking-land-the-precarious-future-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">read more\u003c/a> about what’s happening there in our two-part series about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11790693/magic-city-and-the-making-of-treasure-island\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the artificial island\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news, though, for most of the Bay Area is that it’s hard to go back and re-engineer buildings that are already built. Once an entire neighborhood is constructed, options are even more limited. Anything done to mitigate the risk for one building could affect the others. For example, the San Francisco Transbay Terminal developers used “dewatering” techniques to suck the water out of the ground before they built the terminal. Now \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Sinking-Millennium-Tower-s-developer-built-9278364.php#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">developers of the sinking Millennium Tower say\u003c/a> that affected their building. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do have some standard practices for new buildings built on top of fill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slab or mat foundations — if part of the ground liquefies, then the whole building will sink or tilt in one piece instead of cracking\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Friction piles — it’s a kind of pile foundation that goes deep down, through the fill, into the mud. Some buildings have piles that go all the way to the bedrock\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest things that changed after the 1989 earthquake were new requirements to notify people who live in hazard zones. You can use \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/geohazards/eq-zapp\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">the California Earthquake Hazard Zones App\u003c/a> to plug in your address and see if you live in an area at high risk for liquefaction or landslides in the event of an earthquake. The \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/urban/sfbay/liquefaction/sfbay/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">USGS also puts out updated hazard zone maps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, just because you’re in a liquefaction hazard zone doesn’t necessarily mean you live on fill — or vice versa. And those former marshlands and tidal wetlands are not at high risk for liquefaction if the bay mud didn’t have artificial fill put on top of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>OK, so which parts of the Bay Area are fill?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We have maps to show you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know \u003cem>for sure\u003c/em> if you live on fill is to hire a geologist and do a boring into the ground. Short of that, the other way is to map the geological deposits the way the USGS does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We overlay them on current maps and then the boundary between what used to be the coastline and what is currently the coastline … that’s been filled,” Knudsen said. USGS also does additional topography work to put together \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/of00-444_7b.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">detailed maps of geological deposits\u003c/a>. While this can miss individual buildings or neighborhoods, it’s the most accurate record of the whole Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using that USGS data, we created this map showing artificial fill areas and former tidal marshlands or wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/b488870b-a8c4-43f4-803a-04691206c9e3/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.6255em;\">Data from the US Geological Survey from \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-444/\">2000\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1037/\">2006\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.6255em;align:right\">Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lisa Pickoff-White contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Three federal judges heard arguments in Pasadena Wednesday about whether major oil and gas companies are financially responsible for the damages caused by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lively back-to-back hearings, the judges, from the 9th District Circuit Court, pushed with skepticism at both sides’ arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco, Oakland, and a coalition of about a dozen other cities and counties want to hold the fossil fuel industry responsible for the remediation costs and property damage from increasingly severe wildfires, rising sea levels and intense storms that batter coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cities seek damages related to climate change from Chevron, ExxonMobil, Phillips 66 and major other oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits are reaching a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956277/cities-lawsuits-seeking-damages-for-climate-change-reach-critical-juncture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">critical juncture\u003c/a>. After a string of losses in federal courts, the cities asked the federal panel Wednesday to allow them to argue their lawsuit in the California state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the panel agrees that the cases belong in state court, it would be the state judge, applying state laws, who decides whether we can proceed with this case to protect our residents, workers, and businesses from the costs and damage these fossil fuel companies knowingly imposed on our communities,” San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera and Oakland City Attorney Barbara Parker said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fossil fuel companies are trying to move the cases into the federal courts with the aim of obtaining the ear of the conservative majority on the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State tort law is not an appropriate vehicle—and state courts are not an appropriate forum—for regulating worldwide energy policy or punishing lawful, global commercial activity that is vital to every sector of the global economy,” lawyers for Chevron wrote in a legal brief. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe 9th Circuit panel heard arguments in two separate lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing San Francisco and Oakland are trying to revive their lawsuit in state court after William Alsup, a judge for the Federal District Court in San Francisco, tossed it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law and precedent supporting our position is strong, and such a ruling would be consistent with orders issued by four other federal judges,” Herrera and Parker said in their statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his deliberation, Alsup asked the cities to offer him a primer in climate change science. The tutorial included a seminal 1992 \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180323_docket-317-cv-06011_exhibit.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paper\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> that detailed rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a June \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/26/climate/document-Judge-Dismisses-Climate-Suit-Against-Oil-Companies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a>, the judge wrote that the “problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal court has already remanded to state court the other case, brought by San Mateo, Santa Cruz and Marin counties, along with Richmond, Santa Cruz and other cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been two years or more since our communities first filed these cases to hold fossil fuel companies accountable for the climate change-related damages they knowingly caused and the high costs our taxpayers are already incurring as a result,” the governments said in a written statement. “It is time for the defendants to be held accountable for their decades-long campaign of public deception about climate change and its consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Katz, a spokesman for the Oakland city attorney’s office, said that the city does not know when the judges will decide on the case. He suggested it could take several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three federal judges heard arguments in Pasadena Wednesday about whether major oil and gas companies are financially responsible for the damages caused by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lively back-to-back hearings, the judges, from the 9th District Circuit Court, pushed with skepticism at both sides’ arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco, Oakland, and a coalition of about a dozen other cities and counties want to hold the fossil fuel industry responsible for the remediation costs and property damage from increasingly severe wildfires, rising sea levels and intense storms that batter coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cities seek damages related to climate change from Chevron, ExxonMobil, Phillips 66 and major other oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits are reaching a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956277/cities-lawsuits-seeking-damages-for-climate-change-reach-critical-juncture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">critical juncture\u003c/a>. After a string of losses in federal courts, the cities asked the federal panel Wednesday to allow them to argue their lawsuit in the California state courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the panel agrees that the cases belong in state court, it would be the state judge, applying state laws, who decides whether we can proceed with this case to protect our residents, workers, and businesses from the costs and damage these fossil fuel companies knowingly imposed on our communities,” San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera and Oakland City Attorney Barbara Parker said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fossil fuel companies are trying to move the cases into the federal courts with the aim of obtaining the ear of the conservative majority on the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State tort law is not an appropriate vehicle—and state courts are not an appropriate forum—for regulating worldwide energy policy or punishing lawful, global commercial activity that is vital to every sector of the global economy,” lawyers for Chevron wrote in a legal brief. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe 9th Circuit panel heard arguments in two separate lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing San Francisco and Oakland are trying to revive their lawsuit in state court after William Alsup, a judge for the Federal District Court in San Francisco, tossed it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law and precedent supporting our position is strong, and such a ruling would be consistent with orders issued by four other federal judges,” Herrera and Parker said in their statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his deliberation, Alsup asked the cities to offer him a primer in climate change science. The tutorial included a seminal 1992 \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180323_docket-317-cv-06011_exhibit.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paper\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> that detailed rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a June \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/26/climate/document-Judge-Dismisses-Climate-Suit-Against-Oil-Companies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a>, the judge wrote that the “problem deserves a solution on a more vast scale than can be supplied by a district judge or jury in a public nuisance case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal court has already remanded to state court the other case, brought by San Mateo, Santa Cruz and Marin counties, along with Richmond, Santa Cruz and other cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been two years or more since our communities first filed these cases to hold fossil fuel companies accountable for the climate change-related damages they knowingly caused and the high costs our taxpayers are already incurring as a result,” the governments said in a written statement. “It is time for the defendants to be held accountable for their decades-long campaign of public deception about climate change and its consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Katz, a spokesman for the Oakland city attorney’s office, said that the city does not know when the judges will decide on the case. He suggested it could take several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "With California Voters Focused on Climate, Biden Touts Obama-Era Energy Investments",
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"content": "\u003cp>With early voting underway in California, the Democratic candidates for president are facing a Golden State electorate more concerned than ever before with how the next commander in chief will confront the globe’s changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Biden’s climate spending plan pales in comparison to the ambitious proposals of his Democratic rivals. But the former vice president can make a unique pitch: He is the only candidate who has already guided a nationwide clean energy initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is betting that the billions of dollars in clean energy funds that went to California in the Obama administration’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act will help him make his case to voters — and provide him with a boost in the March 3 primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of Californians in terms of the intensity of their feeling for all of what we were doing through the Recovery Act in California was a heck of a lot less intense than it is today,” Biden said in an interview with KQED. “Here we are now eight, nine, 10 years later and I’m not being critical of anybody in California — you’ve been ahead of everybody — but everybody sort of had an epiphany here. Everybody understands this is really worth it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, with the country reeling from the Great Recession, President Barack Obama tasked Biden with overseeing the administration’s $787 billion stimulus package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included in the bill was a $90 billion investment in clean energy, the largest in U.S. history. The biggest renewable energy windfall went to California: $11.8 billion by the end of Obama’s first term — triple the amount awarded to any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Recovery Act experience showed that Biden can pursue a green initiative that balances large-scale government investment with private sector innovation, said Joseph Aldy, professor of the practice of public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s this kind of experience that for Vice President Biden, helps him form a very pragmatic approach,” said Aldy, who served in the Obama administration as special assistant to the president for energy and environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a presidential primary marked by competition over ambitious progressive agendas, there’s a political risk in asking voters to turn their attention back a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s leading opponents in California are running on their climate plans, not records. Bernie Sanders’ (the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">current leader\u003c/a> in state primary polling) is calling for a “Green New Deal” with nearly 10 times the spending Biden’s plan envisions, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned about whether or not climate change will be at the top of the agenda for a Biden administration,” said Leah Stokes, assistant professor of political science at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike Biden, candidates including Sanders, Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren and former South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg are calling for a nationwide ban on new hydraulic fracking — a method of extracting oil by using water and chemicals to crack open geological formations. That position is likely to win over environmental activists in California, where Gov. Gavin Newsom recently placed a moratorium on new fracking permits, in part over concerns about methane leakage from the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To win over California climate voters, Biden will have to persuade them to take a second look at Obama-era investments that largely flew under the radar, re-examine some high-profile failures and embrace lessons from the Recovery Act as a stepping stone to future climate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800190\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden look at solar panels as they tour the solar array at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Denver, Colorado, February 17, 2009.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden look at solar panels as they tour the solar array at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Denver, Colorado, on Feb. 17, 2009. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voter Focus on Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time Biden ran for president, in 2008, climate change barely registered as a priority for California primary voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1207MBS.pdf\">December 2007 survey\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California, just 3% of primary voters picked “environment” as the issue they wanted to hear about most from presidential candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve years later, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dire warnings\u003c/a> about the impending damage that could come with a warmer planet, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more intense wildfires\u003c/a> wreaking havoc at both ends of the state, voter priorities among Democrats in California have drastically shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, primary voters name climate change as their highest priority for the next president, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/12/09/warren-biden-slip-in-california-primary-race-says-new-berkeley-igs-poll/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">December poll\u003c/a> from the UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The perception of what is needed, that’s changed drastically, thank God,” Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is betting that the Recovery Act, remembered by most as a Keynesian response to revive the economy during the Great Recession, will gain new bona fides as a major climate initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A ‘Major Down Payment’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last decade, California became home to the world’s bestselling electric car and largest solar-thermal power plant. Cities replaced millions of street lights with energy-efficient LED bulbs and state leaders recently celebrated California’s one-millionth solar roof installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of those gains were made, in part, because of the funds that flowed from the Recovery Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billions of dollars in loan guarantees helped develop the Ivanpah solar plant in the Mojave Desert and the Tesla Motors factory in Fremont, while grants and tax breaks provided incentives for cities and homeowners to make energy efficiency upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11533488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11533488\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install solar panels on the roof of a home in San Rafael.\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-960x618.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-375x241.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install solar panels on the roof of a home in San Rafael. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisenmiller, who served as a California’s energy commissioner from 2010 to 2019, said the stimulus package provided a “major down payment on our energy infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did a surprisingly large number of projects, about nine major solar projects,” he added. “No one had ever really tried to do that level of permitting. And many of these projects combined state and federal land in some fashion. So it really laid the groundwork for a lot of the future we’re in now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/page/files/20160225_cea_final_clean_energy_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">credited Recovery Act\u003c/a> investments with saving enough energy to power 10,000 homes by 2050 and a 2011 study from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bluegreenalliance.org/resources/rebuilding-green-the-american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-and-the-green-economy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BlueGreen Alliance\u003c/a> credited the Recovery Act’s clean energy initiatives with “creating or saving nearly a million jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past, people would say, ‘Oh, if you’re supporting solar panels, that might be costing us jobs in other parts of the economy,'” said Harvard professor Joseph Aldy. “Well now we realize that if we’re investing in the installation of solar panels, and in their manufacturing, we’re actually creating some jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes people think twice about what a clean energy transition might look like from a labor standpoint, not just from a reducing carbon dioxide emissions standpoint,” Aldy added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notable Failures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like so much of the Obama administration’s stimulus package, many clean energy investments largely flew under the radar, like the tax breaks folded into corporate and personal returns, and grants dropped into city coffers for future spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projects in California that did receive attention were not the shining examples the administration had hoped for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most notable failure was Solyndra, the solar panel manufacturer which received the first loan guarantee from the Recovery Act: $535 million to build their manufacturing facility in the Bay Area city of Fremont and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYiJ-_K9NCo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visit from President Obama\u003c/a> to boot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/38746/fremonts-solyndra-solar-tech-firm-suspending-operations-filing-bankruptcy\">company went bankrupt\u003c/a>, laying off 1,100 workers. Solyndra’s flop \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f26/11-0078-I.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew scrutiny\u003c/a> of the company’s loan application and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/solyndra-energy-department-failed-to-sound-alarm-as-solar-company-sank/2011/11/04/gIQAGQgfBN_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unleashed criticism\u003c/a> that the Energy Department propped up the manufacturer because of its investors’ ties to the president. The next year, Republicans spent millions on ads attacking Obama over the loan guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learned that the appetite for risk in the political environment in Washington, D.C. is relatively low,” Aldy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Solyndra, the massive Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the Mojave Desert has been targeted as a symbol of the stimulus packages’ largess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10826397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10826397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GettyImages-476570455-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"Heliostats - in essence, rotating mirrors - at the Ivanpah solar power plant, in California's Mojave Desert south of Las Vegas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"539\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heliostats – in essence, rotating mirrors – at the Ivanpah solar power plant, in California’s Mojave Desert south of Las Vegas. \u003ccite>(Ethan Miller/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most New Deal-esque project to land in California through the Recovery Act, Ivanpah was the largest solar thermal power plant in the world at the time of its completion in 2014: Hundreds of thousands of sunlight-reflecting mirrors spread across 5 square miles of federal land. Oakland-based BrightSource Energy received more than $1.37 billion in loan guarantees through the Recovery Act to construct the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early reports on Ivanpah were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/3812/the-ivanpah-solar-facilitys-pollution-problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">less than stellar\u003c/a>: criticism that it harmed local wildlife, energy production that fell short of targets and an over-reliance on natural gas to operate the system at night and on cloudy days, which rendered the facility a carbon polluter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the cost efficiency of Ivanpah is \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-15/green-flops-why-some-promising-cleantech-ideas-didn-t-work-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">still maligned\u003c/a>, clean energy production from the facility has \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/57074?freq=A&start=2014&end=2018&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&columnchart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57074-ALL-ALL.A&linechart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57074-ALL-ALL.A&pin=&maptype=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">edged up\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/57073?freq=A&start=2014&end=2018&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&columnchart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57073-ALL-ALL.A&linechart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57073-ALL-ALL.A&pin=&maptype=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/57075?freq=A&start=2014&end=2018&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&columnchart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57075-ALL-ALL.A&linechart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57075-ALL-ALL.A&pin=&maptype=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">years\u003c/a>, and experts have hailed it as a trailblazer for future large-scale solar power production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Barbara professor Leah Stokes argued that the loan guarantee program that funded Ivanpah and Solyndra deserves a second look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government made money on that program while also supporting lots of companies creating new technologies,” Stokes said. “And a project like Ivanpah, which is riskier because it’s new and innovative, is exactly the kind of thing that the federal government should be supporting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually think that those were really smart investments that the federal government made,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Future Investments Must Go Further, Experts Say \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even proponents of the Recovery Act’s clean energy impacts acknowledge that Biden, or any other Democratic contender, will have to drastically up the ante in future climate-focused investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because while the stimulus invested heavily in renewable energy, it wasn’t explicitly designed to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal dollars were prioritized for shovel-ready projects as part of the stimulus’ chief goal of getting Americans back to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a mechanism to limit greenhouse gases, like California’s cap-and-trade system, never came to fruition: Obama and Biden failed to rally enough support in the U.S Senate for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112795024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">carbon pricing measure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade later, it’s hard to evaluate the impact the Recovery Act had on the decarbonization of the economy. Studies \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114008855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">have found\u003c/a> that emissions dropped more than expected in the years after the stimulus, but largely attribute that to a slowed economy and a nationwide shift from coal to natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s face it, in 2010, it was economic recovery we were focused on. Now, we have to focus on climate change,” said Weisenmiller, the former California energy commissioner. “We need more on the level of a World War II-type of effort to really move the needle on climate — American Recovery and Reinvestment Act times ten or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Election 2020\" tag=\"election2020\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s leading opponents in California have made climate proposals that more closely mirror that wartime scope, led by Sanders’ promise of a $16.3 trillion investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has pledged $1.7 trillion in spending and wants Congress to pass emissions limits that would drive further private-sector capital toward clean energy. And he says his foreign policy experience makes him well-equipped to bring other nations along in a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Recovery Act was signed, the concept of climate justice was in its nascent stages. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114008855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2015 study from the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics\u003c/a> at Lund University found that “there is no data that can be used to determine which demographic groups gained most as a result of the Renewable Energy stimulus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the climate plans of the leading Democrats in 2020 all come with a nod to climate justice and promise that economic mobilization in the face of a climate crisis will also address racial and socioeconomic disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing to say, ‘How do we get photovoltaics commercialized?’ ” Weisenmiller said. “It’s another thing to say, ‘How do you make sure that everyone participates in some fashion? How do you make sure that you’re really reaching out to our disadvantaged communities?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s Going to Be Mistakes Made’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about his climate plan, Biden pledged to seize the “opportunity” of climate change to reshape the country’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the only country in the world that’s ever turned great problems into great opportunities,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make that happen, Biden sounded ready to embrace lessons from the Recovery Act’s clean energy investment: political patience and an embrace of risk-taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the experimentation that’s going to take place to get us to net zero emissions, there’s going to be mistakes made,” Biden said. “But that can’t turn us back from the commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If climate-focused research and development goes off without a hitch, it likely isn’t moving the needle enough, said Weisenmiller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to really expect some failures to occur,” Weisenmiller added. “But if you do enough things, and you have enough successes, you’re going to push things forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "With California Voters Focused on Climate, Biden Touts Obama-Era Energy Investments | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With early voting underway in California, the Democratic candidates for president are facing a Golden State electorate more concerned than ever before with how the next commander in chief will confront the globe’s changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Biden’s climate spending plan pales in comparison to the ambitious proposals of his Democratic rivals. But the former vice president can make a unique pitch: He is the only candidate who has already guided a nationwide clean energy initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is betting that the billions of dollars in clean energy funds that went to California in the Obama administration’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act will help him make his case to voters — and provide him with a boost in the March 3 primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of Californians in terms of the intensity of their feeling for all of what we were doing through the Recovery Act in California was a heck of a lot less intense than it is today,” Biden said in an interview with KQED. “Here we are now eight, nine, 10 years later and I’m not being critical of anybody in California — you’ve been ahead of everybody — but everybody sort of had an epiphany here. Everybody understands this is really worth it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, with the country reeling from the Great Recession, President Barack Obama tasked Biden with overseeing the administration’s $787 billion stimulus package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included in the bill was a $90 billion investment in clean energy, the largest in U.S. history. The biggest renewable energy windfall went to California: $11.8 billion by the end of Obama’s first term — triple the amount awarded to any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Recovery Act experience showed that Biden can pursue a green initiative that balances large-scale government investment with private sector innovation, said Joseph Aldy, professor of the practice of public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s this kind of experience that for Vice President Biden, helps him form a very pragmatic approach,” said Aldy, who served in the Obama administration as special assistant to the president for energy and environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a presidential primary marked by competition over ambitious progressive agendas, there’s a political risk in asking voters to turn their attention back a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s leading opponents in California are running on their climate plans, not records. Bernie Sanders’ (the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">current leader\u003c/a> in state primary polling) is calling for a “Green New Deal” with nearly 10 times the spending Biden’s plan envisions, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned about whether or not climate change will be at the top of the agenda for a Biden administration,” said Leah Stokes, assistant professor of political science at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike Biden, candidates including Sanders, Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren and former South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg are calling for a nationwide ban on new hydraulic fracking — a method of extracting oil by using water and chemicals to crack open geological formations. That position is likely to win over environmental activists in California, where Gov. Gavin Newsom recently placed a moratorium on new fracking permits, in part over concerns about methane leakage from the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To win over California climate voters, Biden will have to persuade them to take a second look at Obama-era investments that largely flew under the radar, re-examine some high-profile failures and embrace lessons from the Recovery Act as a stepping stone to future climate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800190\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden look at solar panels as they tour the solar array at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Denver, Colorado, February 17, 2009.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41120_Biden-Solar-2-large-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden look at solar panels as they tour the solar array at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Denver, Colorado, on Feb. 17, 2009. \u003ccite>(Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voter Focus on Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time Biden ran for president, in 2008, climate change barely registered as a priority for California primary voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1207MBS.pdf\">December 2007 survey\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California, just 3% of primary voters picked “environment” as the issue they wanted to hear about most from presidential candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve years later, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932445/un-report-issues-life-or-death-warning-for-planetary-survival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dire warnings\u003c/a> about the impending damage that could come with a warmer planet, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more intense wildfires\u003c/a> wreaking havoc at both ends of the state, voter priorities among Democrats in California have drastically shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, primary voters name climate change as their highest priority for the next president, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/12/09/warren-biden-slip-in-california-primary-race-says-new-berkeley-igs-poll/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">December poll\u003c/a> from the UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The perception of what is needed, that’s changed drastically, thank God,” Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is betting that the Recovery Act, remembered by most as a Keynesian response to revive the economy during the Great Recession, will gain new bona fides as a major climate initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A ‘Major Down Payment’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last decade, California became home to the world’s bestselling electric car and largest solar-thermal power plant. Cities replaced millions of street lights with energy-efficient LED bulbs and state leaders recently celebrated California’s one-millionth solar roof installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of those gains were made, in part, because of the funds that flowed from the Recovery Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billions of dollars in loan guarantees helped develop the Ivanpah solar plant in the Mojave Desert and the Tesla Motors factory in Fremont, while grants and tax breaks provided incentives for cities and homeowners to make energy efficiency upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11533488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11533488\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install solar panels on the roof of a home in San Rafael.\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-960x618.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-375x241.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RooftopSolarInstall-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install solar panels on the roof of a home in San Rafael. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisenmiller, who served as a California’s energy commissioner from 2010 to 2019, said the stimulus package provided a “major down payment on our energy infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did a surprisingly large number of projects, about nine major solar projects,” he added. “No one had ever really tried to do that level of permitting. And many of these projects combined state and federal land in some fashion. So it really laid the groundwork for a lot of the future we’re in now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/page/files/20160225_cea_final_clean_energy_report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">credited Recovery Act\u003c/a> investments with saving enough energy to power 10,000 homes by 2050 and a 2011 study from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bluegreenalliance.org/resources/rebuilding-green-the-american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-and-the-green-economy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BlueGreen Alliance\u003c/a> credited the Recovery Act’s clean energy initiatives with “creating or saving nearly a million jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past, people would say, ‘Oh, if you’re supporting solar panels, that might be costing us jobs in other parts of the economy,'” said Harvard professor Joseph Aldy. “Well now we realize that if we’re investing in the installation of solar panels, and in their manufacturing, we’re actually creating some jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes people think twice about what a clean energy transition might look like from a labor standpoint, not just from a reducing carbon dioxide emissions standpoint,” Aldy added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notable Failures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like so much of the Obama administration’s stimulus package, many clean energy investments largely flew under the radar, like the tax breaks folded into corporate and personal returns, and grants dropped into city coffers for future spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projects in California that did receive attention were not the shining examples the administration had hoped for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most notable failure was Solyndra, the solar panel manufacturer which received the first loan guarantee from the Recovery Act: $535 million to build their manufacturing facility in the Bay Area city of Fremont and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYiJ-_K9NCo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visit from President Obama\u003c/a> to boot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/38746/fremonts-solyndra-solar-tech-firm-suspending-operations-filing-bankruptcy\">company went bankrupt\u003c/a>, laying off 1,100 workers. Solyndra’s flop \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/08/f26/11-0078-I.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drew scrutiny\u003c/a> of the company’s loan application and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/solyndra-energy-department-failed-to-sound-alarm-as-solar-company-sank/2011/11/04/gIQAGQgfBN_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unleashed criticism\u003c/a> that the Energy Department propped up the manufacturer because of its investors’ ties to the president. The next year, Republicans spent millions on ads attacking Obama over the loan guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learned that the appetite for risk in the political environment in Washington, D.C. is relatively low,” Aldy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Solyndra, the massive Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the Mojave Desert has been targeted as a symbol of the stimulus packages’ largess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10826397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10826397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GettyImages-476570455-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"Heliostats - in essence, rotating mirrors - at the Ivanpah solar power plant, in California's Mojave Desert south of Las Vegas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"539\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heliostats – in essence, rotating mirrors – at the Ivanpah solar power plant, in California’s Mojave Desert south of Las Vegas. \u003ccite>(Ethan Miller/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most New Deal-esque project to land in California through the Recovery Act, Ivanpah was the largest solar thermal power plant in the world at the time of its completion in 2014: Hundreds of thousands of sunlight-reflecting mirrors spread across 5 square miles of federal land. Oakland-based BrightSource Energy received more than $1.37 billion in loan guarantees through the Recovery Act to construct the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early reports on Ivanpah were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/3812/the-ivanpah-solar-facilitys-pollution-problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">less than stellar\u003c/a>: criticism that it harmed local wildlife, energy production that fell short of targets and an over-reliance on natural gas to operate the system at night and on cloudy days, which rendered the facility a carbon polluter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the cost efficiency of Ivanpah is \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-15/green-flops-why-some-promising-cleantech-ideas-didn-t-work-out\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">still maligned\u003c/a>, clean energy production from the facility has \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/57074?freq=A&start=2014&end=2018&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&columnchart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57074-ALL-ALL.A&linechart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57074-ALL-ALL.A&pin=&maptype=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">edged up\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/57073?freq=A&start=2014&end=2018&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&columnchart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57073-ALL-ALL.A&linechart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57073-ALL-ALL.A&pin=&maptype=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/57075?freq=A&start=2014&end=2018&ctype=linechart<ype=pin&columnchart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57075-ALL-ALL.A&linechart=ELEC.PLANT.GEN.57075-ALL-ALL.A&pin=&maptype=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">years\u003c/a>, and experts have hailed it as a trailblazer for future large-scale solar power production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Barbara professor Leah Stokes argued that the loan guarantee program that funded Ivanpah and Solyndra deserves a second look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government made money on that program while also supporting lots of companies creating new technologies,” Stokes said. “And a project like Ivanpah, which is riskier because it’s new and innovative, is exactly the kind of thing that the federal government should be supporting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually think that those were really smart investments that the federal government made,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Future Investments Must Go Further, Experts Say \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even proponents of the Recovery Act’s clean energy impacts acknowledge that Biden, or any other Democratic contender, will have to drastically up the ante in future climate-focused investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because while the stimulus invested heavily in renewable energy, it wasn’t explicitly designed to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal dollars were prioritized for shovel-ready projects as part of the stimulus’ chief goal of getting Americans back to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a mechanism to limit greenhouse gases, like California’s cap-and-trade system, never came to fruition: Obama and Biden failed to rally enough support in the U.S Senate for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112795024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">carbon pricing measure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade later, it’s hard to evaluate the impact the Recovery Act had on the decarbonization of the economy. Studies \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114008855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">have found\u003c/a> that emissions dropped more than expected in the years after the stimulus, but largely attribute that to a slowed economy and a nationwide shift from coal to natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s face it, in 2010, it was economic recovery we were focused on. Now, we have to focus on climate change,” said Weisenmiller, the former California energy commissioner. “We need more on the level of a World War II-type of effort to really move the needle on climate — American Recovery and Reinvestment Act times ten or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s leading opponents in California have made climate proposals that more closely mirror that wartime scope, led by Sanders’ promise of a $16.3 trillion investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has pledged $1.7 trillion in spending and wants Congress to pass emissions limits that would drive further private-sector capital toward clean energy. And he says his foreign policy experience makes him well-equipped to bring other nations along in a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Recovery Act was signed, the concept of climate justice was in its nascent stages. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114008855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2015 study from the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics\u003c/a> at Lund University found that “there is no data that can be used to determine which demographic groups gained most as a result of the Renewable Energy stimulus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the climate plans of the leading Democrats in 2020 all come with a nod to climate justice and promise that economic mobilization in the face of a climate crisis will also address racial and socioeconomic disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing to say, ‘How do we get photovoltaics commercialized?’ ” Weisenmiller said. “It’s another thing to say, ‘How do you make sure that everyone participates in some fashion? How do you make sure that you’re really reaching out to our disadvantaged communities?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s Going to Be Mistakes Made’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about his climate plan, Biden pledged to seize the “opportunity” of climate change to reshape the country’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the only country in the world that’s ever turned great problems into great opportunities,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make that happen, Biden sounded ready to embrace lessons from the Recovery Act’s clean energy investment: political patience and an embrace of risk-taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the experimentation that’s going to take place to get us to net zero emissions, there’s going to be mistakes made,” Biden said. “But that can’t turn us back from the commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If climate-focused research and development goes off without a hitch, it likely isn’t moving the needle enough, said Weisenmiller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to really expect some failures to occur,” Weisenmiller added. “But if you do enough things, and you have enough successes, you’re going to push things forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "hundreds-of-coronavirus-evacuees-land-in-california-prepare-for-2-week-quarantine",
"title": "Hundreds of Coronavirus Evacuees Land in California, Prepare for 2-Week Quarantine",
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"headTitle": "Hundreds of Coronavirus Evacuees Land in California, Prepare for 2-Week Quarantine | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of U.S. nationals are stateside once more, as two planeloads of people fleeing the coronavirus outbreak in China landed Wednesday in California. The Department of Defense said the approximately 350 passengers aboard the chartered flights \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USNorthernCmd/status/1224922907010166784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">will be quarantined\u003c/a> for two weeks on a pair of military bases in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Pentagon, the passengers are to be distributed between Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield, where the planes initially touched down Wednesday morning, and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evacuees in Fairfield will be housed at Westwind Inn, a hotel located on the base. The Department of Defense uploaded a video showing temporary lodging where there’s room for up to 1,000 evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers will only have access to their assigned housing and will not be in contact with personnel at the base, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800200\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1439px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11800200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1439\" height=\"797\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM.png 1439w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-800x443.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-1020x565.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-672x372.png 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-1038x576.png 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1439px) 100vw, 1439px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuees will stay in temporary lodging at the Westwind Inn in Farifield, California. \u003ccite>(The U.S. Department of Defense)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The flights represent the second major evacuation of U.S. nationals from Wuhan, China, the center of a deadly outbreak that has been declared a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/30/798894428/who-declares-coronavirus-outbreak-a-global-health-emergency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global health emergency\u003c/a>. Last week, U.S. officials airlifted \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/29/800761987/coronavirus-americans-cheer-as-evacuation-flight-from-wuhan-reaches-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nearly 200 Americans\u003c/a> out of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don’t expect Wednesday’s flights to be the last. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said additional flights are expected to bear evacuees to bases in Texas and Nebraska, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The successful extractions are similar to operations recently undertaken by health and defense officials around the world, who have been struggling to mitigate the disease’s rapid spread. More than \u003ca href=\"https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">24,600 cases of coronavirus\u003c/a> have been confirmed in more than two dozen countries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/01/801836468/apple-will-temporarily-close-stores-in-china-amid-rapid-spread-of-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">including the U.S.\u003c/a>, though the overwhelming majority remain in mainland China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday morning, nearly 500 patients have died of the respiratory virus, also known as 2019-nCoV. Total confirmed cases of the coronavirus strain, first identified in Wuhan toward the end of last year, have more than tripled since last week — though that number is still vastly outpaced by \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the seasonal flu\u003c/a>, which typically causes up to 5 million cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11798751 label='What You Need to Know' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40986_iStock-1170728885-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the uncertainty surrounding the coronavirus is what has global health officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/03/802392420/why-the-response-to-the-new-coronavirus-has-been-so-aggressive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">especially worried\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very serious public health threat,” the CDC explained \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earlier this week\u003c/a>. “The fact that this virus has caused severe illness and sustained person-to-person spread in China is concerning, but it’s unclear how the situation in the United States will unfold at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cruise ship Diamond Princess now sits at anchor off the coast of Japan, where its thousands of passengers and crew have been placed under quarantine. A former passenger turned up in Hong Kong with a case of the virus, and Japanese health officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/kaiken/daijin/0000194708_00199.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced Wednesday\u003c/a> that tests on the ship showed that at least 10 additional passengers and crew are sick with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katsunobu Katō, Japan’s health minister, told reporters that about another 250 passengers have been tested and are still awaiting their results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Hong Kong, meanwhile, the former Diamond Princess passenger is just one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/enhanced_sur_pneumonia_wuhan_eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">21 confirmed cases\u003c/a> as of Wednesday morning. One person so far \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/04/802533379/first-death-in-hong-kong-from-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has died\u003c/a>. Carrie Lam, chief executive of the semiautonomous region, announced that as of Saturday, all travelers from mainland China will be subject to a 14-day \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3049102/coronavirus-hong-kong-government-extend-work-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compulsory quarantine\u003c/a> — roughly the virus’ period of incubation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation has entered another critical stage,” Lam said, according to the Hong Kong-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3049102/coronavirus-hong-kong-government-extend-work-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South China Morning Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/gettyimages-1198668747_wide-734dcd2b76f3894dd32ebc425732b08adc9b2c00-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The Diamond Princess cruise ship sits anchored off the coast of Japan. At least 10 people on the ship have been diagnosed with coronavirus, and more than 3,000 of their fellow passengers remain in quarantine, according to Japan's health minister.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800175\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Diamond Princess cruise ship sits anchored off the coast of Japan. At least 10 people on the ship have been diagnosed with coronavirus, and more than 3,000 of their fellow passengers remain in quarantine, according to Japan’s health minister. \u003ccite>(Kazuhiro Nogi/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>United Airlines \u003ca href=\"https://hub.united.com/united-suspend-travel-china-hongkong-2644977745.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that it was suspending flights to Hong Kong over a 12-day period beginning Saturday. The airline is also one of several major American carriers to suspend service between the U.S. and China, partly because of the \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/novel-coronavirus-hubei-province--china.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. State Department’s warnings\u003c/a> against traveling to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quick-moving virus has not escaped the attention of President Trump, who mentioned efforts to contain the disease in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/04/800983688/fact-check-president-trump-delivers-his-3rd-state-of-the-union-address\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State of the Union address\u003c/a> Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Protecting Americans’ health also means fighting infectious diseases,” Trump said. “We are coordinating with the Chinese government and working closely together on the coronavirus outbreak in China. My administration will take all necessary steps to safeguard our citizens from this threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not offer any further details about the efforts, though his administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/31/801686524/trump-declares-coronavirus-a-public-health-emergency-and-restricts-travel-from-c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans\u003c/a> last Friday to temporarily ban any travelers from China who aren’t U.S. citizens, permanent residents or their immediate family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Evacuees+Make+It+Stateside+As+Coronavirus+Strands+Cruise+Ship+Off+Japan&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Two aircraft carrying approximately 350 passengers landed Wednesday at Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield after leaving China. All passengers will be quarantined for two weeks at two separate sites in California.",
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"title": "Hundreds of Coronavirus Evacuees Land in California, Prepare for 2-Week Quarantine | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of U.S. nationals are stateside once more, as two planeloads of people fleeing the coronavirus outbreak in China landed Wednesday in California. The Department of Defense said the approximately 350 passengers aboard the chartered flights \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USNorthernCmd/status/1224922907010166784\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">will be quarantined\u003c/a> for two weeks on a pair of military bases in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Pentagon, the passengers are to be distributed between Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield, where the planes initially touched down Wednesday morning, and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evacuees in Fairfield will be housed at Westwind Inn, a hotel located on the base. The Department of Defense uploaded a video showing temporary lodging where there’s room for up to 1,000 evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers will only have access to their assigned housing and will not be in contact with personnel at the base, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800200\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1439px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11800200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1439\" height=\"797\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM.png 1439w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-160x89.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-800x443.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-1020x565.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-672x372.png 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Screen-Shot-2020-02-05-at-1.03.08-PM-1038x576.png 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1439px) 100vw, 1439px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuees will stay in temporary lodging at the Westwind Inn in Farifield, California. \u003ccite>(The U.S. Department of Defense)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The flights represent the second major evacuation of U.S. nationals from Wuhan, China, the center of a deadly outbreak that has been declared a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/30/798894428/who-declares-coronavirus-outbreak-a-global-health-emergency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global health emergency\u003c/a>. Last week, U.S. officials airlifted \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/29/800761987/coronavirus-americans-cheer-as-evacuation-flight-from-wuhan-reaches-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nearly 200 Americans\u003c/a> out of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don’t expect Wednesday’s flights to be the last. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said additional flights are expected to bear evacuees to bases in Texas and Nebraska, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The successful extractions are similar to operations recently undertaken by health and defense officials around the world, who have been struggling to mitigate the disease’s rapid spread. More than \u003ca href=\"https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">24,600 cases of coronavirus\u003c/a> have been confirmed in more than two dozen countries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/01/801836468/apple-will-temporarily-close-stores-in-china-amid-rapid-spread-of-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">including the U.S.\u003c/a>, though the overwhelming majority remain in mainland China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday morning, nearly 500 patients have died of the respiratory virus, also known as 2019-nCoV. Total confirmed cases of the coronavirus strain, first identified in Wuhan toward the end of last year, have more than tripled since last week — though that number is still vastly outpaced by \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the seasonal flu\u003c/a>, which typically causes up to 5 million cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the uncertainty surrounding the coronavirus is what has global health officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/03/802392420/why-the-response-to-the-new-coronavirus-has-been-so-aggressive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">especially worried\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very serious public health threat,” the CDC explained \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earlier this week\u003c/a>. “The fact that this virus has caused severe illness and sustained person-to-person spread in China is concerning, but it’s unclear how the situation in the United States will unfold at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cruise ship Diamond Princess now sits at anchor off the coast of Japan, where its thousands of passengers and crew have been placed under quarantine. A former passenger turned up in Hong Kong with a case of the virus, and Japanese health officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/kaiken/daijin/0000194708_00199.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced Wednesday\u003c/a> that tests on the ship showed that at least 10 additional passengers and crew are sick with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katsunobu Katō, Japan’s health minister, told reporters that about another 250 passengers have been tested and are still awaiting their results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Hong Kong, meanwhile, the former Diamond Princess passenger is just one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/enhanced_sur_pneumonia_wuhan_eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">21 confirmed cases\u003c/a> as of Wednesday morning. One person so far \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/04/802533379/first-death-in-hong-kong-from-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has died\u003c/a>. Carrie Lam, chief executive of the semiautonomous region, announced that as of Saturday, all travelers from mainland China will be subject to a 14-day \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3049102/coronavirus-hong-kong-government-extend-work-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compulsory quarantine\u003c/a> — roughly the virus’ period of incubation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation has entered another critical stage,” Lam said, according to the Hong Kong-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3049102/coronavirus-hong-kong-government-extend-work-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South China Morning Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/gettyimages-1198668747_wide-734dcd2b76f3894dd32ebc425732b08adc9b2c00-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The Diamond Princess cruise ship sits anchored off the coast of Japan. At least 10 people on the ship have been diagnosed with coronavirus, and more than 3,000 of their fellow passengers remain in quarantine, according to Japan's health minister.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800175\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Diamond Princess cruise ship sits anchored off the coast of Japan. At least 10 people on the ship have been diagnosed with coronavirus, and more than 3,000 of their fellow passengers remain in quarantine, according to Japan’s health minister. \u003ccite>(Kazuhiro Nogi/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>United Airlines \u003ca href=\"https://hub.united.com/united-suspend-travel-china-hongkong-2644977745.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that it was suspending flights to Hong Kong over a 12-day period beginning Saturday. The airline is also one of several major American carriers to suspend service between the U.S. and China, partly because of the \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/novel-coronavirus-hubei-province--china.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. State Department’s warnings\u003c/a> against traveling to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quick-moving virus has not escaped the attention of President Trump, who mentioned efforts to contain the disease in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/04/800983688/fact-check-president-trump-delivers-his-3rd-state-of-the-union-address\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State of the Union address\u003c/a> Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Protecting Americans’ health also means fighting infectious diseases,” Trump said. “We are coordinating with the Chinese government and working closely together on the coronavirus outbreak in China. My administration will take all necessary steps to safeguard our citizens from this threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not offer any further details about the efforts, though his administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/31/801686524/trump-declares-coronavirus-a-public-health-emergency-and-restricts-travel-from-c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans\u003c/a> last Friday to temporarily ban any travelers from China who aren’t U.S. citizens, permanent residents or their immediate family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Evacuees+Make+It+Stateside+As+Coronavirus+Strands+Cruise+Ship+Off+Japan&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Conservation Groups Join California in Legal Dispute Over Protecting Bumblebees",
"headTitle": "Conservation Groups Join California in Legal Dispute Over Protecting Bumblebees | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Environmentalists are backing state wildlife officials in a legal dispute over critically threatened bumblebees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, the California Fish and Game Commission \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=170351&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listed\u003c/a> four species — crotch, Franklin’s, suckley cuckoo and western bumblebee — as candidate species for protections under the state Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, the California Farm Bureau Federation and six other agricultural associations sued the state over that decision. They argue that the the law cannot protect the bees because it defines candidate species as “bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile or plant” and does not directly mention “insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California listed the bees as endangered species it would set a harmful precedent for farmers and ranchers, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Defenders of Wildlife and the Center for Food Safety filed a \u003ca href=\"https://defenders.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/2020-01-28%20Native%20Bees%20MTI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">motion\u003c/a> to intervene last month. Those groups seek to defend the state’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the environmentalists’ move is not surprising — their petition led to the bumblebees being proposed for protected status — it does add legal muscle to fight the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>The four bees are critically endangered and by the legal standards within the California Endangered Species Act should be listed,” said Kim Delfino, Defenders of Wildlife’s California program director. “We believe that insects should be protected under the state endangered species act.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=166804&inline\">report\u003c/a> found that the bee populations are in “steep decline,” in part because of pesticides and farmer-managed honeybee colonies. Bumblebees depend on abundant flowers and undisturbed habitat to nest and spend the winter, but officials say ranching and climate change threaten their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin’s bumblebee, for example, is so threatened that California bee surveys have not detected the species since 1998. While state officials don’t yet believe the bee is extinct, the survey results suggest its distribution — already the smallest of any North American bumblebee species — is exhausted, the state’s listing report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] The California Department of Fish and Wildlife found that bumblebee populations are in steep decline, in part because of pesticides and farmer-managed honeybee colonies.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Farm Bureau Federation \u003ca href=\"https://www.cottonfarming.com/special-report/seven-ag-groups-file-lawsuit-regarding-bumblebee-species/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argues\u003c/a> that the remedies the environmentalists proposed to protect the bumblebees — restricting grazing, pesticides and the use of commercial honeybees — would harm farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition of agricultural groups opposing the bee listing include the Almond Alliance of California, California Association of Pest Control Advisers, California Citrus Mutual, California Cotton Growers and Ginners Association and Western Agricultural Processors Association and Western Growers.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmentalists are backing state wildlife officials in a legal dispute over critically threatened bumblebees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, the California Fish and Game Commission \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=170351&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listed\u003c/a> four species — crotch, Franklin’s, suckley cuckoo and western bumblebee — as candidate species for protections under the state Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months later, the California Farm Bureau Federation and six other agricultural associations sued the state over that decision. They argue that the the law cannot protect the bees because it defines candidate species as “bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile or plant” and does not directly mention “insects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California listed the bees as endangered species it would set a harmful precedent for farmers and ranchers, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Defenders of Wildlife and the Center for Food Safety filed a \u003ca href=\"https://defenders.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/2020-01-28%20Native%20Bees%20MTI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">motion\u003c/a> to intervene last month. Those groups seek to defend the state’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the environmentalists’ move is not surprising — their petition led to the bumblebees being proposed for protected status — it does add legal muscle to fight the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>The four bees are critically endangered and by the legal standards within the California Endangered Species Act should be listed,” said Kim Delfino, Defenders of Wildlife’s California program director. “We believe that insects should be protected under the state endangered species act.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=166804&inline\">report\u003c/a> found that the bee populations are in “steep decline,” in part because of pesticides and farmer-managed honeybee colonies. Bumblebees depend on abundant flowers and undisturbed habitat to nest and spend the winter, but officials say ranching and climate change threaten their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin’s bumblebee, for example, is so threatened that California bee surveys have not detected the species since 1998. While state officials don’t yet believe the bee is extinct, the survey results suggest its distribution — already the smallest of any North American bumblebee species — is exhausted, the state’s listing report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Farm Bureau Federation \u003ca href=\"https://www.cottonfarming.com/special-report/seven-ag-groups-file-lawsuit-regarding-bumblebee-species/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argues\u003c/a> that the remedies the environmentalists proposed to protect the bumblebees — restricting grazing, pesticides and the use of commercial honeybees — would harm farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition of agricultural groups opposing the bee listing include the Almond Alliance of California, California Association of Pest Control Advisers, California Citrus Mutual, California Cotton Growers and Ginners Association and Western Agricultural Processors Association and Western Growers.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "State Park Plan Is Conservationist's Dream. But Reformers Want Focus on Neglected Neighborhoods",
"headTitle": "State Park Plan Is Conservationist’s Dream. But Reformers Want Focus on Neglected Neighborhoods | KQED",
"content": "\u003ch4>California Gov. Gavin Newsom’s budget proposal includes millions to buy land for a new state park, as well as an equal amount to increase park access for “underserved populations.” Together, the funds address both traditional conservation priorities and those of a new generation of reformers.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen Gov. Gavin Newsom outlined his budget proposal last month, he included a tease for conservationists: a $20 million line item, stemming from a one-time budget surplus, to help pay for a new state park, a tantalizing prospect in an era when just one new park has been added to the system over the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom hasn’t indicated where the park would be; he said the cost of the land might go up if he shared specific information. But the $20 million figure is exactly what a group of Bay Area lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://sd07.senate.ca.gov/news/2020-01-08-17-bay-area-caucus-members-urge-governor-legislative-leaders-provide-funding-acquire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked\u003c/a> the governor to allocate toward the purchase of a sprawling 50,000-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ranch\u003c/a> for sale, spanning Santa Clara, Alameda, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='Mike Lynch, California State Park Rangers Association.']‘If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again. We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.’[/pullquote]The Nature Conservancy and the Trust for Public Lands, two of the largest conservation organizations in the U.S., have secured $30 million to pay for the property in addition to the state’s proposed earmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The undeveloped land, owned by the N3 Cattle Company of Livermore, is a backpacker’s dream, but given that those 80 square miles abut \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lake Del Valle State Recreation Area\u003c/a>, a park with meandering hiking trails and bucolic swimming holes, the location will do little to expand access for the “park poor,” those without a convenient and quick way to get to a major public green area, which is a priority for reformers in the conservation movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='Ramya Sivasubramanian, NRDC']‘We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities … Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system.’[/pullquote]However, Newsom’s proposal also includes a separate $20 million for a grant program \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established\u003c/a> last year to “improve park access for underserved populations.” That would include investing in transportation and other programs to allow for more diverse groups of people to “participate in outdoor environmental educational experiences at state parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plan also includes $11.8 million to expand technological and physical access, as well as “culturally inclusive” programs and exhibits, at existing parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these different line items, the governor is gingerly balancing the interests of two groups of environmentalists who hold competing visions for the state’s park system and are separated by geography, age and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, the state’s older and whiter backpack-toting conservation groups value parks, in part, for their natural beauty, and they dearly want California to expand wilderness protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the Livermore ranch is an incredible opportunity that the state should seize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a new generation of conservation advocates who value the public health benefits of easily accessible nature over big-ticket parks like the acquisition of the ranch would represent. These younger and more racially diverse proponents assess the desirability of areas targeted for public access in part by their impact on community life. They favor cleaning up polluted areas and restoring smaller neighborhood parks and other local open spaces, and they generally do not advocate for the headline-grabbing establishment of large public parcels of land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these reform-minded advocates are Los Angeles-based veterans of a successful $4 billion ballot \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_68,_Parks,_Environment,_and_Water_Bond_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposition\u003c/a> in 2018 to improve smaller parks and green spaces, among other environmental projects, in mostly urban and suburban areas, with a portion of the funds earmarked for lower-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That measure, Proposition 68, appeared on the ballot two years after a Los Angeles County “parks and recreation needs” \u003ca href=\"https://lacountyparkneeds.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ParksNeedsAssessmentSummary_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a> found that 51% of residents lived more than a half-mile away from a local or regional park, too far to make an impact, according to some research. More than 80% of these residents were located in neighborhoods of color, and advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.advancementprojectca.org/blog/la-county-park-equity-groups-fight-to-turn-park-poor-communities-red-to-green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue\u003c/a> the disparity resulted from decades of unequal land-use decisions that led to public neglect and disinvestment in nonwhite neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Competing Visions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California last created a state park in Monterey County in 2009, when the state transformed a 4-mile sandy curve of the coastline donated by the U.S. Army into \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fort Ord Dunes State Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 years leading up to the park’s opening marked the longest time without an addition to the state system since California created its parks department in 1927, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/05/12/state-parks-standstill-why-california-hasnt-opened-a-new-state-park-in-10-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data\u003c/a> reviewed by the Mercury News. The current drought of new parkland has surpassed that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Newsom’s proposal is enough to stir the dormant passion of Mike Lynch, president of the California State Park Rangers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again,” said Lynch. “We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch doesn’t disagree with efforts to increase access for park-poor communities. But even though the ranch doesn’t fit that bill, he sees it as an opportunity that the state needs to jump on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opportunities are of the moment, right?” he said. “You can either take it or leave it. But it’s up for sale now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, called the available land a “once-in-a-generation” opportunity, providing accessible backcountry wilderness and protecting a watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2020-21/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summary\u003c/a> acknowledges the gap in park access by framing the proposed millions of dollars of investment in the Department of Parks and Recreation as a “Parks for All” initiative. “Many Californians lack access to parks, open spaces, and natural and cultural amenities,” the section begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative has been \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JenSiebelNewsom/status/1215804374921838592?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">championed\u003c/a> by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/first-partner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first partner\u003c/a> and the governor’s wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But José González, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://latinooutdoors.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Latino Outdoors\u003c/a>, a group that advocates for diversifying parks, argues that California should prioritize creating parks around low-income communities of color whom the state has neglected in the past. He says public funding should “ensure that the parks do not perpetuate historical inequities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>González says he values the “conservation opportunity” of the ranch and appreciates that the proposed budget includes equitable funding for park access. But he says the state should bring “diverse communities into the decision-making process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that those who have held the land will continue to benefit through these deals,” he said. “These are not black and brown families that are getting millions of dollars” in state money, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Initiatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramya Sivasubramanian, deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/about/healthy-people-thriving-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Justice, Healthy People & Thriving Communities Program\u003c/a> for the Natural Resources Defense Council, says that initiatives like the ones included in the governor’s budget to increase park access do provide good opportunities to “connect people in park poor communities to state parks.” But she said these alone are “insufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities as well. Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system\u003cem>.\u003c/em>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian pointed to several locations around Los Angeles that advocates would like California to purchase and run as a state park. The proposed areas include neglected 28-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityprojectca.org/blog/archives/722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Griffith Park \u003c/a>along the Los Angeles River, a concrete-slab that’s partially cordoned off with a chain-link fence and is covered in construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Redondo Beach, a city of 68,000 in the L.A. area, Mayor Bill Brand’s two\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\">–\u003c/a>decade \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crusade\u003c/a> to transform a waterfront power plant into a public park has hit a snag. The plant, surrounded by one of the most densely populated neighborhoods along the entire coast, was set to close at the end of this year. But in November the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voted\u003c/a> to keep the plant running through 2022 amid concerns over the reliability of the state’s power supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian says advocates want the state to intervene in order to get the park built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an even broader opportunity, too, which is not just looking at these places in a vacuum, but at where we can leverage park funds, affordable housing funds and other funds to meet multiple needs in a community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accessibility to Quality Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates like Sivasubramanian argue that California should evaluate park projects in terms of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found strong evidence for quality-of-life benefits from spending time in nature. This is especially true for children, who score better on tests, exhibit improved emotional well-being and self-discipline, and are more attentive and physically active when they live within a half-mile of a park and spend a couple of hours a week there, one \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/webinars/green_spaces/urban_green_space_disparities_and_health_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> out of the University of Southern California found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research in recent years has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204616300846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">illuminated\u003c/a> a disparity in the quality of parks in different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While low-income people of color may have access to nearby parks, those green spaces tend to be smaller, dirtier, more crowded and in worse condition. They are also subject to more criminal activity than parks in affluent white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204618304316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> that looked at urban parks across the U.S. found that “inequities also emerged for park coverage, park spending per person, and park facilities, with majority-Latino cities being particularly disadvantaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Wilderness Society’s Urban to Wild director, Yvette Lopez-Ledesma says her job is partly to build a bridge between “nontraditional conservationists” concerned with these type of inequities and “traditional conservation groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The experience of the nontraditional conservationists hasn’t been valued,” she said. “But people are starting to listen. We are getting closer to — not a middle ground yet — but an awareness that we have to do something. We can’t just be the same conservation movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ranch Land\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the N3 ranch isn’t in the center of an urban area, it is within driving distance from most major cities in the Bay Area, which a slickly produced video presentation of the property highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_Y1RHS0jN0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Outdoor Properties \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lists\u003c/a> the property for sale at a cost of $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broker Todd Renfrew said he’s been inundated with calls from reporters asking about the ranch, a property larger than the city of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A piece of land for sale that’s more than 50,000 acres so close to the Bay Area is unheard of,” said Renfrew. “It is really unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largely untouched land is habitat for tule elk, deer, quail and other animals, as well as, evergreen and native oak trees, bay laurel, California buckeye, and gray and coulter pine, according to the listing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property also includes 200 miles of private roads that could be used for hiking and mountain biking, and 14 hunting camps with cabins that could be transformed into backpacking huts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having partners like the Trust for Public Lands is the kind of thing that makes projects like this work,” Lynch said. “Most new parks must have this kind of collaborative approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino Outdoor’s González said the ranch is “an opportunity to protect and preserve as much of the ecological diversity of the landscape… and that’s fantastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity for a transition period,” he said. “As we continue to do traditional — quote unquote — land acquisition deals. It can’t be the same process of 50 years ago. What’s different now is what does this mean in the lens of equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch4>California Gov. Gavin Newsom’s budget proposal includes millions to buy land for a new state park, as well as an equal amount to increase park access for “underserved populations.” Together, the funds address both traditional conservation priorities and those of a new generation of reformers.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen Gov. Gavin Newsom outlined his budget proposal last month, he included a tease for conservationists: a $20 million line item, stemming from a one-time budget surplus, to help pay for a new state park, a tantalizing prospect in an era when just one new park has been added to the system over the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom hasn’t indicated where the park would be; he said the cost of the land might go up if he shared specific information. But the $20 million figure is exactly what a group of Bay Area lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://sd07.senate.ca.gov/news/2020-01-08-17-bay-area-caucus-members-urge-governor-legislative-leaders-provide-funding-acquire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked\u003c/a> the governor to allocate toward the purchase of a sprawling 50,000-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ranch\u003c/a> for sale, spanning Santa Clara, Alameda, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again. We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy and the Trust for Public Lands, two of the largest conservation organizations in the U.S., have secured $30 million to pay for the property in addition to the state’s proposed earmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The undeveloped land, owned by the N3 Cattle Company of Livermore, is a backpacker’s dream, but given that those 80 square miles abut \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lake Del Valle State Recreation Area\u003c/a>, a park with meandering hiking trails and bucolic swimming holes, the location will do little to expand access for the “park poor,” those without a convenient and quick way to get to a major public green area, which is a priority for reformers in the conservation movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities … Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>However, Newsom’s proposal also includes a separate $20 million for a grant program \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established\u003c/a> last year to “improve park access for underserved populations.” That would include investing in transportation and other programs to allow for more diverse groups of people to “participate in outdoor environmental educational experiences at state parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plan also includes $11.8 million to expand technological and physical access, as well as “culturally inclusive” programs and exhibits, at existing parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these different line items, the governor is gingerly balancing the interests of two groups of environmentalists who hold competing visions for the state’s park system and are separated by geography, age and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, the state’s older and whiter backpack-toting conservation groups value parks, in part, for their natural beauty, and they dearly want California to expand wilderness protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the Livermore ranch is an incredible opportunity that the state should seize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a new generation of conservation advocates who value the public health benefits of easily accessible nature over big-ticket parks like the acquisition of the ranch would represent. These younger and more racially diverse proponents assess the desirability of areas targeted for public access in part by their impact on community life. They favor cleaning up polluted areas and restoring smaller neighborhood parks and other local open spaces, and they generally do not advocate for the headline-grabbing establishment of large public parcels of land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these reform-minded advocates are Los Angeles-based veterans of a successful $4 billion ballot \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_68,_Parks,_Environment,_and_Water_Bond_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposition\u003c/a> in 2018 to improve smaller parks and green spaces, among other environmental projects, in mostly urban and suburban areas, with a portion of the funds earmarked for lower-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That measure, Proposition 68, appeared on the ballot two years after a Los Angeles County “parks and recreation needs” \u003ca href=\"https://lacountyparkneeds.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ParksNeedsAssessmentSummary_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a> found that 51% of residents lived more than a half-mile away from a local or regional park, too far to make an impact, according to some research. More than 80% of these residents were located in neighborhoods of color, and advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.advancementprojectca.org/blog/la-county-park-equity-groups-fight-to-turn-park-poor-communities-red-to-green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue\u003c/a> the disparity resulted from decades of unequal land-use decisions that led to public neglect and disinvestment in nonwhite neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Competing Visions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California last created a state park in Monterey County in 2009, when the state transformed a 4-mile sandy curve of the coastline donated by the U.S. Army into \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fort Ord Dunes State Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 years leading up to the park’s opening marked the longest time without an addition to the state system since California created its parks department in 1927, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/05/12/state-parks-standstill-why-california-hasnt-opened-a-new-state-park-in-10-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data\u003c/a> reviewed by the Mercury News. The current drought of new parkland has surpassed that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Newsom’s proposal is enough to stir the dormant passion of Mike Lynch, president of the California State Park Rangers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again,” said Lynch. “We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch doesn’t disagree with efforts to increase access for park-poor communities. But even though the ranch doesn’t fit that bill, he sees it as an opportunity that the state needs to jump on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opportunities are of the moment, right?” he said. “You can either take it or leave it. But it’s up for sale now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, called the available land a “once-in-a-generation” opportunity, providing accessible backcountry wilderness and protecting a watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2020-21/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summary\u003c/a> acknowledges the gap in park access by framing the proposed millions of dollars of investment in the Department of Parks and Recreation as a “Parks for All” initiative. “Many Californians lack access to parks, open spaces, and natural and cultural amenities,” the section begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative has been \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JenSiebelNewsom/status/1215804374921838592?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">championed\u003c/a> by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/first-partner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first partner\u003c/a> and the governor’s wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But José González, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://latinooutdoors.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Latino Outdoors\u003c/a>, a group that advocates for diversifying parks, argues that California should prioritize creating parks around low-income communities of color whom the state has neglected in the past. He says public funding should “ensure that the parks do not perpetuate historical inequities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>González says he values the “conservation opportunity” of the ranch and appreciates that the proposed budget includes equitable funding for park access. But he says the state should bring “diverse communities into the decision-making process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that those who have held the land will continue to benefit through these deals,” he said. “These are not black and brown families that are getting millions of dollars” in state money, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Initiatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramya Sivasubramanian, deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/about/healthy-people-thriving-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Justice, Healthy People & Thriving Communities Program\u003c/a> for the Natural Resources Defense Council, says that initiatives like the ones included in the governor’s budget to increase park access do provide good opportunities to “connect people in park poor communities to state parks.” But she said these alone are “insufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities as well. Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system\u003cem>.\u003c/em>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian pointed to several locations around Los Angeles that advocates would like California to purchase and run as a state park. The proposed areas include neglected 28-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityprojectca.org/blog/archives/722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Griffith Park \u003c/a>along the Los Angeles River, a concrete-slab that’s partially cordoned off with a chain-link fence and is covered in construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Redondo Beach, a city of 68,000 in the L.A. area, Mayor Bill Brand’s two\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\">–\u003c/a>decade \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crusade\u003c/a> to transform a waterfront power plant into a public park has hit a snag. The plant, surrounded by one of the most densely populated neighborhoods along the entire coast, was set to close at the end of this year. But in November the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voted\u003c/a> to keep the plant running through 2022 amid concerns over the reliability of the state’s power supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian says advocates want the state to intervene in order to get the park built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an even broader opportunity, too, which is not just looking at these places in a vacuum, but at where we can leverage park funds, affordable housing funds and other funds to meet multiple needs in a community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accessibility to Quality Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates like Sivasubramanian argue that California should evaluate park projects in terms of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found strong evidence for quality-of-life benefits from spending time in nature. This is especially true for children, who score better on tests, exhibit improved emotional well-being and self-discipline, and are more attentive and physically active when they live within a half-mile of a park and spend a couple of hours a week there, one \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/webinars/green_spaces/urban_green_space_disparities_and_health_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> out of the University of Southern California found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research in recent years has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204616300846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">illuminated\u003c/a> a disparity in the quality of parks in different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While low-income people of color may have access to nearby parks, those green spaces tend to be smaller, dirtier, more crowded and in worse condition. They are also subject to more criminal activity than parks in affluent white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204618304316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> that looked at urban parks across the U.S. found that “inequities also emerged for park coverage, park spending per person, and park facilities, with majority-Latino cities being particularly disadvantaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Wilderness Society’s Urban to Wild director, Yvette Lopez-Ledesma says her job is partly to build a bridge between “nontraditional conservationists” concerned with these type of inequities and “traditional conservation groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The experience of the nontraditional conservationists hasn’t been valued,” she said. “But people are starting to listen. We are getting closer to — not a middle ground yet — but an awareness that we have to do something. We can’t just be the same conservation movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ranch Land\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the N3 ranch isn’t in the center of an urban area, it is within driving distance from most major cities in the Bay Area, which a slickly produced video presentation of the property highlights.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/l_Y1RHS0jN0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/l_Y1RHS0jN0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>California Outdoor Properties \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lists\u003c/a> the property for sale at a cost of $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broker Todd Renfrew said he’s been inundated with calls from reporters asking about the ranch, a property larger than the city of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A piece of land for sale that’s more than 50,000 acres so close to the Bay Area is unheard of,” said Renfrew. “It is really unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largely untouched land is habitat for tule elk, deer, quail and other animals, as well as, evergreen and native oak trees, bay laurel, California buckeye, and gray and coulter pine, according to the listing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property also includes 200 miles of private roads that could be used for hiking and mountain biking, and 14 hunting camps with cabins that could be transformed into backpacking huts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having partners like the Trust for Public Lands is the kind of thing that makes projects like this work,” Lynch said. “Most new parks must have this kind of collaborative approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino Outdoor’s González said the ranch is “an opportunity to protect and preserve as much of the ecological diversity of the landscape… and that’s fantastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity for a transition period,” he said. “As we continue to do traditional — quote unquote — land acquisition deals. It can’t be the same process of 50 years ago. What’s different now is what does this mean in the lens of equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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