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"content": "\u003cp>Hospitals are at capacity. COVID-19 infections are at record highs. Testing lines stretch for hours. Yet even as the omicron variant batters the state, only 38% of vaccinated Californians have gotten a booster shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with initial vaccinations, acceptance of the booster shot has varied throughout California: Counties in the far north and rural areas continue to see lower numbers, with as few as 23% of vaccinated people getting a booster in Mariposa, Colusa and Merced counties, according to a CalMatters analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://data.ca.gov/dataset/covid-19-vaccine-progress-dashboard-data\">state data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area boasts the highest rate, at 55%, although only three counties have more than half of their vaccinated populations boosted: San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo. In 19 California counties, fewer than a third of eligible residents are boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Imperial County — the border community that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/imperial-county-vaccination-rate/\">led the state in vaccination rates\u003c/a> last spring after it was hit hard by the virus — only a quarter of eligible residents have gotten a booster shot. The health officer there blames “pandemic fatigue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think there’s been some fatigue after nearly two years of this pandemic, not just in Imperial County, but everywhere,” said County Health Officer Dr. Stephen Munday. “People want to get back to their normal lives. They want to go to work, they want to take care of their families. It’s kind of like, well, gosh, I got my two doses, why do I have to get another one?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just in rural counties where a majority of people haven’t yet gotten the extra shot: Los Angeles, Kern, Santa Barbara and 28 other counties have lower booster rates than the 38% statewide average. Major population centers such as San Diego, San Bernardino and Riverside are lagging behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11890031 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52992_GettyImages-1237563534-qut-1038x576.jpg']State and federal recommendations for booster shots have changed several times, making them difficult for the public to follow. Current guidance advises a booster for all adults, while children as young as 12 can only get an additional Pfizer shot. Immunocompromised children as young as 5 also are eligible for another Pfizer dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show an additional dose can double protection against infection and is highly effective in preventing severe disease and hospitalization even against the omicron variant, said UCSF epidemiologist George Rutherford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Run, don’t walk, to go get your boosters,” Fresno County Health Officer Dr. Rais Vohra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most older adults throughout the state have listened to the advice: Nearly 64% have been boosted. In Marin County, as many as 80% of those 65 and older have been boosted, and only four counties have boosted fewer than half of their older populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/8321358/embed#?secret=xq5ApaV3LC\" data-secret=\"xq5ApaV3LC\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"800\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for younger Californians, getting an additional dose is far less common. Only 47% of those age 50-64 have been boosted. Forty-four counties have boosted fewer than half their populations in this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The case spikes are being driven by the unvaccinated, which are 25 to 45 years old, largely,” Rutherford said. “That’s where we’re seeing the majority of cases, and that’s where the majority of unvaccinated or under-vaccinated people are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike early in the pandemic when vaccines were limited, the slow booster uptake has little to do with availability. “There’s a very robust supply,” said Imperial County Health Officer Munday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state health department, California’s stockpile currently has \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">5.6 million available doses\u003c/a> — a 39-day supply. \u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/\">MyTurn\u003c/a>, the state’s vaccination portal, recently added booster appointments for children age 12-15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Omicron is here. We can’t abandon the tools that have allowed California to be one of the safest states throughout the pandemic. Those are vaccines and boosters,” Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly said during an update Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Total hospitalizations are approaching 51,000 people, a number just shy of the peak capacity reached during last winter’s surge. Approximately \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-covid-patient-hospitalization-data-icu/\">8,000 of those patients represent COVID-19 cases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To those who haven’t been vaccinated at all: Get your vaccine as quickly as you can. And those who have been vaccinated but haven’t been boosted, please consider getting boosted,” Ghaly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11900736 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Screen-Shot-2022-01-07-at-12.57.01-PM-1020x777.png']In Fresno, where COVID-19 has prompted deployment of the National Guard, many health care workers are unable to work due to COVID-19 exposure or infection, further straining their hospital system, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a third of eligible residents in Fresno County are currently boosted, according to state data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The boosted vaccination population is fending off the omicron infections really quickly,” Vohra said. “For the unvaccinated folks, they basically are the ones who are super vulnerable, and those are the ones we’re worried about because they’re the ones that land in the hospitals and ICU.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Fresno, officials in sparsely populated Mariposa County are relying heavily on the state’s MyTurn portal to distribute booster shots. Fewer than a quarter of eligible residents have been boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County Health Officer Dr. Eric Sergienko said mass vaccination clinics have subsided due to decreased demand, fewer resources and privacy concerns in their small community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than doing clinics with hundreds, we have clinics through MyTurn that are booked out with 30 to 100 people at our scheduled clinics on Tuesdays and Thursday,” Sergienko said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cases and hospitalizations in Mariposa County have trended younger with a majority of cases occurring among those age 20-40 and a majority of hospitalizations among unvaccinated people age 40-55, department spokesperson Lizz Darcy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide surge in infections and hospitalizations is expected to peak during the third week of January, experts say. Hospitalizations remain substantially \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-covid-patient-hospitalization-data-icu/\">below pre-vaccine levels.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizations and health centers, which have been at the forefront of vaccine education and distribution, say interest in the booster has increased during this current surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems our community is much more receptive to receiving the booster than they were originally to get the first dose,” said Bryant Macias, emergency relief supervisor at the United Farm Workers Foundation, which has advocated for priority doses for farmworkers and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/03/california-farmworkers-vaccine-obstacles/\">helped organize clinics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The main challenges we have identified are individuals not knowing how long they need to wait before getting the booster shot, whether or not they can get a booster that is different from their initial vaccine, and some folks only wanting the booster if it’s the same kind as their initial dose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In agricultural counties, like those in the Central Valley, workplace vaccine clinics played an important role in increasing access last spring. Those events for boosters may not be as visible yet because it’s the off season for many crops. But they’re in the plans, said Irene de Barraicua, director of operations with Líderes Campesinas, a nonprofit network of farmworkers based in Oxnard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve heard from counties and workgroups that are enthusiastic about continuing these efforts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 19 California counties, fewer than a third of residents vaccinated against COVID are boosted. In some counties, it's fewer than 25%. One health official blames 'pandemic fatigue.'",
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"title": "Fewer Than 40% of Californians Have Gotten a Booster in Most Counties — And It's Not About Availability | KQED",
"description": "In 19 California counties, fewer than a third of residents vaccinated against COVID are boosted. In some counties, it's fewer than 25%. One health official blames 'pandemic fatigue.'",
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"headline": "Fewer Than 40% of Californians Have Gotten a Booster in Most Counties — And It's Not About Availability",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/kristen-hwang/\">Kristen Hwang\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/anaibarra/\">Ana B. Ibarra\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hospitals are at capacity. COVID-19 infections are at record highs. Testing lines stretch for hours. Yet even as the omicron variant batters the state, only 38% of vaccinated Californians have gotten a booster shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with initial vaccinations, acceptance of the booster shot has varied throughout California: Counties in the far north and rural areas continue to see lower numbers, with as few as 23% of vaccinated people getting a booster in Mariposa, Colusa and Merced counties, according to a CalMatters analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://data.ca.gov/dataset/covid-19-vaccine-progress-dashboard-data\">state data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area boasts the highest rate, at 55%, although only three counties have more than half of their vaccinated populations boosted: San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo. In 19 California counties, fewer than a third of eligible residents are boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Imperial County — the border community that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/08/imperial-county-vaccination-rate/\">led the state in vaccination rates\u003c/a> last spring after it was hit hard by the virus — only a quarter of eligible residents have gotten a booster shot. The health officer there blames “pandemic fatigue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think there’s been some fatigue after nearly two years of this pandemic, not just in Imperial County, but everywhere,” said County Health Officer Dr. Stephen Munday. “People want to get back to their normal lives. They want to go to work, they want to take care of their families. It’s kind of like, well, gosh, I got my two doses, why do I have to get another one?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just in rural counties where a majority of people haven’t yet gotten the extra shot: Los Angeles, Kern, Santa Barbara and 28 other counties have lower booster rates than the 38% statewide average. Major population centers such as San Diego, San Bernardino and Riverside are lagging behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State and federal recommendations for booster shots have changed several times, making them difficult for the public to follow. Current guidance advises a booster for all adults, while children as young as 12 can only get an additional Pfizer shot. Immunocompromised children as young as 5 also are eligible for another Pfizer dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show an additional dose can double protection against infection and is highly effective in preventing severe disease and hospitalization even against the omicron variant, said UCSF epidemiologist George Rutherford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Run, don’t walk, to go get your boosters,” Fresno County Health Officer Dr. Rais Vohra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most older adults throughout the state have listened to the advice: Nearly 64% have been boosted. In Marin County, as many as 80% of those 65 and older have been boosted, and only four counties have boosted fewer than half of their older populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/8321358/embed#?secret=xq5ApaV3LC\" data-secret=\"xq5ApaV3LC\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"575\" width=\"800\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for younger Californians, getting an additional dose is far less common. Only 47% of those age 50-64 have been boosted. Forty-four counties have boosted fewer than half their populations in this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The case spikes are being driven by the unvaccinated, which are 25 to 45 years old, largely,” Rutherford said. “That’s where we’re seeing the majority of cases, and that’s where the majority of unvaccinated or under-vaccinated people are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike early in the pandemic when vaccines were limited, the slow booster uptake has little to do with availability. “There’s a very robust supply,” said Imperial County Health Officer Munday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state health department, California’s stockpile currently has \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">5.6 million available doses\u003c/a> — a 39-day supply. \u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/\">MyTurn\u003c/a>, the state’s vaccination portal, recently added booster appointments for children age 12-15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Omicron is here. We can’t abandon the tools that have allowed California to be one of the safest states throughout the pandemic. Those are vaccines and boosters,” Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Mark Ghaly said during an update Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Total hospitalizations are approaching 51,000 people, a number just shy of the peak capacity reached during last winter’s surge. Approximately \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-covid-patient-hospitalization-data-icu/\">8,000 of those patients represent COVID-19 cases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To those who haven’t been vaccinated at all: Get your vaccine as quickly as you can. And those who have been vaccinated but haven’t been boosted, please consider getting boosted,” Ghaly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Fresno, where COVID-19 has prompted deployment of the National Guard, many health care workers are unable to work due to COVID-19 exposure or infection, further straining their hospital system, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a third of eligible residents in Fresno County are currently boosted, according to state data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The boosted vaccination population is fending off the omicron infections really quickly,” Vohra said. “For the unvaccinated folks, they basically are the ones who are super vulnerable, and those are the ones we’re worried about because they’re the ones that land in the hospitals and ICU.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Fresno, officials in sparsely populated Mariposa County are relying heavily on the state’s MyTurn portal to distribute booster shots. Fewer than a quarter of eligible residents have been boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County Health Officer Dr. Eric Sergienko said mass vaccination clinics have subsided due to decreased demand, fewer resources and privacy concerns in their small community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than doing clinics with hundreds, we have clinics through MyTurn that are booked out with 30 to 100 people at our scheduled clinics on Tuesdays and Thursday,” Sergienko said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cases and hospitalizations in Mariposa County have trended younger with a majority of cases occurring among those age 20-40 and a majority of hospitalizations among unvaccinated people age 40-55, department spokesperson Lizz Darcy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide surge in infections and hospitalizations is expected to peak during the third week of January, experts say. Hospitalizations remain substantially \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-covid-patient-hospitalization-data-icu/\">below pre-vaccine levels.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizations and health centers, which have been at the forefront of vaccine education and distribution, say interest in the booster has increased during this current surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems our community is much more receptive to receiving the booster than they were originally to get the first dose,” said Bryant Macias, emergency relief supervisor at the United Farm Workers Foundation, which has advocated for priority doses for farmworkers and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2021/03/california-farmworkers-vaccine-obstacles/\">helped organize clinics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The main challenges we have identified are individuals not knowing how long they need to wait before getting the booster shot, whether or not they can get a booster that is different from their initial vaccine, and some folks only wanting the booster if it’s the same kind as their initial dose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In agricultural counties, like those in the Central Valley, workplace vaccine clinics played an important role in increasing access last spring. Those events for boosters may not be as visible yet because it’s the off season for many crops. But they’re in the plans, said Irene de Barraicua, director of operations with Líderes Campesinas, a nonprofit network of farmworkers based in Oxnard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve heard from counties and workgroups that are enthusiastic about continuing these efforts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What's the Omicron Outlook in the Bay Area and Beyond for the Start of 2022?",
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"headTitle": "What’s the Omicron Outlook in the Bay Area and Beyond for the Start of 2022? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the roughly six weeks since scientists in southern Africa sequenced and reported the omicron variant, the newest COVID-19 strain has dominated case counts — and headlines — around the world, quickly overtaking the delta variant and \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailycases\">driving a massive surge in new infections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While much remains unknown about omicron, the new variant is spreading as quickly as epidemiologists initially feared, although it also appears to be potentially less lethal than previous variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to make some sense of what these new conditions mean for our lives at the start of 2022, KQED Forum’s Alexis Madrigal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101887149/the-future-of-covid-what-2022-could-bring\">checked in on Monday\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/robert.wachter\">Dr. Bob Wachter\u003c/a>, professor and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/profile/jessica-malaty-rivera/\">Jessica Malaty Rivera\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist and senior adviser at The Pandemic Prevention Institute — and former science communication lead for The Covid Tracking Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alexis Madrigal: What’s the latest outlook in the Bay Area? \u003c/strong>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Bob Wachter, chair, UCSF Department of Medicine\"]‘We’re not seeing the kinds of surges that people are seeing elsewhere in the country, but we definitely are seeing an uptick because of omicron.’[/pullquote]\u003cstrong>Dr. Bob Wachter\u003c/strong>: We have seen a remarkable increase in our testing positivity rate. We test everybody who comes into UCSF’s hospital for anything — for a heart attack or cancer surgery or getting a medical procedure — and that is my sort of poor man’s way of trying to figure out what percentage of people in San Francisco are positive. That number has been as low as 0.2%, meaning 1 in 500. But today, it’s up to about 7% or 8%, meaning that 1 out of about 12 or 13 people who were tested, who feel fine, who have no symptoms of COVID, are testing positive for COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our hospitalizations were staying steady, and then about seven days ago, they started going up and they’ve doubled since a week ago. We’re not seeing the kinds of surges that people are seeing elsewhere in the country, but we definitely are seeing an uptick because of omicron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are seeing a surge here, but nothing like what they are seeing in Cleveland or New York or Houston or Miami. The Bay Area is the most heavily vaccinated region in the country, so although there might be an increase in breakout infections here, people won’t usually get very sick, as compared to in places with low vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter/status/1476708937311293448\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What data should we pay attention to over the next few weeks to give us some indication of how things are going?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jessica Malaty Rivera\u003c/strong>: A lot of people right now are gazing at these giant numbers that are upwards of two times what they looked like in January of 2021, and panicking. But we expected that, right? That’s the holiday effect. That’s the testing effect. That’s the fact that omicron is super transmissible and a lot of people are testing positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my eyes are on hospitalizations. I want to see what those trends look like because that’s kind of as close to a real-time indicator of what’s going on on the ground as we can get. And we are concerned that hospitals are starting to send crisis-care signals because there’s too many people and capacity is exceeding the norm, and the National Guard is being deployed. That’s happening in some places, and we’re watching to see if it happens nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think about the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900296/cdc-recommends-shorter-covid-isolation-and-quarantine-periods\">new guidance\u003c/a> that people who test positive for the virus but don’t have symptoms need only isolate for five days rather than 10?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I understand it. You know, if every doctor and nurse or other essential workers in other industries has to be on the sidelines for 10 days, I really worry about how we can staff the ER? I mean, can we staff our clinics? Can we take care of patients? And that, of course, creates its own harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that we’ve got a really difficult balance to try to figure out here. If you say everybody has to stay in isolation until they test negative, then you just have too many people out of commission. And this is really not about the economy. This is about making sure that if you come into the emergency room with a heart attack or a stroke, that there will be somebody there who can take care of you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because so many people today are walking around on the street who feel fine, but they actually have COVID, and some of them are infectious, at some point you try to come up with the number of days in which the vast majority of people who get the virus will no longer be infectious, and then insist that they wear a mask for the next several days after that in case they still have a lingering amount of virus.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jessica Malaty Rivera, senior adviser, Pandemic Prevention Institute\"]‘My eyes are on hospitalizations. I want to see what those trends look like because that’s kind of as close to a real-time indicator of what’s going on on the ground as we can get.’[/pullquote]I believe that the state of California did the right thing and the CDC did the wrong thing. California said five days of isolation, but then you have to do an antigen test [a rapid test], and it has to be negative. If people do that, the majority will test negative on Day Five and be able to go out and resume their life, while wearing a good mask. I think the CDC should have been clearer about masking — you really should be wearing an N95 or equivalent if you go back out into the workplace after isolating for five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also said that if you still test positive after five days, you need to stay in isolation until you test negative. I think that’s going to be the smarter call, and I suspect the CDC is going to go there in the next few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said that only an estimated 30% of people were following the original 10-day isolation guidance. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Is that a good enough reason to split that time in half?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rivera\u003c/strong>: No, in my opinion. The “let’s try to find the number of days that makes it work” strategy makes me uncomfortable. Making rules easier so that you can increase compliance is not a public health strategy. It is in some cases when you’re dealing with harm reduction and risk reduction. But in the context of a highly transmissible variant, in the context of a huge surge, an unprecedented surge, it’s not the time to modify the rules just to make them easier to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have not seen the data to justify the 50% reduction in isolation time and also the complete disregard for testing, which has been a strategy used for travel and employment. If you have a dark pink second line on your antigen test, chances are you’ve got a high viral load and you are a risk to others and should stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What kind of masks should people be wearing nowadays to stay safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I wear an N95 or the equivalent — anything that has “94” or “95” in it — pretty much anywhere I go now when I want to wear a mask. It seems silly to me to not wear the best possible protection.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"omicron\"]I didn’t do that until a month or two ago. I felt like if I wore a surgical mask and then a good, tight-fitting cloth mask on top of it, that gave a level of protection that’s not far off the N95. But since omicron is so much more transmissible than the prior variants, it just seems like the right call. If the virus has upped its game, we might as well up our game and wear a mask that gives us a fighting chance of keeping the virus at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public health message early was that you should wear a mask to protect your fellow citizen. That’s partly true, but you’re also wearing it to protect yourself. The evidence that a good mask will protect you is actually extremely strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the N95s you can get now, or the K95s, are pretty much as comfortable as a surgical or a cloth mask. It’s just not a big deal. Why not wear the better mask?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You definitely don’t want to use masks with valves — the kind that sometimes people use during fire season — because they allow you to exhale your breath to the risk of people around you. But yeah, the KN95s [from China] and KF94s [from South Korea] are fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are counterfeit masks that are not good — you can look up the quality of masks on certain websites. But if you go on Amazon or some other site and look up reviews, you can find one that works well. And I wouldn’t pay attention to what it says on it. If it says 94 or 95 on it, that means in general, it’s filtering out 19 out of 20 particles, and that seems to be enough to prevent transmission in pretty much all circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are researchers gaining a better understanding of long COVID — in terms of its causes, symptoms and behavior?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: My sense is that it still is a little bit up in the air how much of long COVID is from persistence of infection, how much of it is from your immune system reacting in a way that causes you harm and how much of it we just don’t understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s real. There’s no question that a fair number of people have symptoms that last for more than a month or two, and there are now people who have symptoms that have lasted for more than a year. It’s also a tricky thing to study and be sure about. I go with the general numbers of 5% to 10% of people who get the virus continue to feel crummy a month or two out.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Bob Wachter, chair, UCSF Department of Medicine\"]‘If the virus has upped its game, we might as well up our game and wear a mask that gives us a fighting chance of keeping the virus at bay.’[/pullquote]So I still think it’s worth trying not to get it, in part because of the possibility of long COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly for people who have gotten three shots, if you’re out there being careful, wearing the right mask, avoiding big crowds, I think there’s a pretty good chance you will dodge this bullet. And I think you’ll probably only have to do that for four to six weeks, when we’ll be on the other side of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What risk does omicron pose for kids under 5?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I think most of us are aware that kids tend to be extraordinarily safe. The chances of a kid getting very sick and going to the hospital from COVID are very, very, very, very low, but not zero. There’s no evidence yet that omicron is more severe in little kids than the prior variants were. There is an increased risk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41584-020-0448-7\">autoimmune diseases occurring in children\u003c/a> who get COVID. That’s turned out to be a threat, but not a massive threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the best we can do for kids is wrap them in a cocoon of vaccinated people who are being careful, and hopefully get to a point where there’s either so much immunity in the population or a vaccine is made available to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the best way to keep kids under 5 safe in their day care centers, and when can we expect a vaccine to be available for them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rivera\u003c/strong>: It’s recommended that kids 2 and older wear masks. N95 masks don’t come that small, but there are other masks that are equivalent. KF94s from Korea are often made in children’s sizes. I stocked up on those for my 3-1/2- and 5-year-old, and I think they’re wonderful. They have the same kind of thickness and multilayers that you would see in an adult-sized K95 or an N95 mask. They fit tightly, they cover the nose bridge quite well considering kids’ small faces. So I highly recommend those.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jessica Malaty Rivera, senior adviser, Pandemic Prevention Institute\"]‘In the context of a highly transmissible variant, in the context of a huge surge, an unprecedented surge, it’s not the time to modify the rules just to make them easier to follow.’[/pullquote]And when it comes to when we can see the authorization, we did get some disappointing news that it’s going to take a bit longer as health officials have to kind of recalibrate the study to consider a third dose because, unfortunately, the immune bridging for toddlers was not as high. There were no safety signals, but they wanted the efficacy to be much higher. I think that a third dose will probably give us that data that will show that these vaccines at this dosage will provide younger kids with sufficient protection. So authorization for kids under 5 should probably come, I would hope, by sometime mid-2022. That’s when they’ve anticipated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you say to parents who are concerned about student vaccine mandates, given that the FDA has only issued emergency use of the vaccine for kids 5 to 11?\u003c/strong>[aside postID='news_11898455' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52826_GettyImages-1227768883-qut-1020x675.jpg']\u003cstrong>Rivera\u003c/strong>: I do think there is a bit of a misconception as to what emergency use authorization [EUA] actually is. It is not a kind of less robust process for review. In the context of an emergency, which we very much are in, and which is why we have these opportunities to expedite the process for review, the same thresholds for safety and efficacy still stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just recently, the CDC published some findings on 9 million vaccinations of 5- to 11-year-olds with no signals that would show severe concerns for safety or for efficacy. I think out of 9 million, there were 11 reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html#:~:text=Myocarditis%20is%20inflammation%20of%20the,infection%20or%20some%20other%20trigger.\">myocarditis \u003c/a>— an inflammation of the heart muscle — all of which were mild and resolved quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think that in the context of a public health emergency, an EUA is absolutely still sufficient when it comes to providing these guidelines for what is good for our population. And I think that we will likely see a full FDA approval very soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So is the end of the pandemic anywhere in sight? Could it end this year? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I’m reluctant to predict anything a year out because we’ve all been wrong. I don’t know anybody who predicted delta. I don’t know anybody who predicted omicron. And, you know, it can all be screwed up with a curveball — some new variant that does things that we didn’t think were possible. I mean, nobody that I know thought omicron, a variant this transmissible, was possible. And it appears that we may have gotten very lucky by having a variant that is incredibly transmissible, but also less severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What that may lead to in February or March is a population that is almost fully immune, either through vaccination or, for people that chose not to be vaccinated, through infection. And we’ll have to see how long your immunity from your infection or your vaccinations lasts. That may determine what happens at the end of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we’re in for a pretty terrible month. My crystal ball only goes out a couple of months. I think February or March is likely to be a pretty good time as the surge likely comes down and we’re left with a high level of population immunity and also more available testing, and the greater availability of particularly the new Pfizer drug Paxlovid, which is a pill that lowers the probability of a severe case — of hospitalization and death — by 90%. So that’s pretty great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means that for those people at high risk of a bad outcome, we’ll be in a position where if they do get COVID, there will be this pill that they can take that lowers their probability of something terrible happening. The problem is that it’s in very short supply, but the supply is going to grow gradually over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "What's the Omicron Outlook in the Bay Area and Beyond for the Start of 2022? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the roughly six weeks since scientists in southern Africa sequenced and reported the omicron variant, the newest COVID-19 strain has dominated case counts — and headlines — around the world, quickly overtaking the delta variant and \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailycases\">driving a massive surge in new infections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While much remains unknown about omicron, the new variant is spreading as quickly as epidemiologists initially feared, although it also appears to be potentially less lethal than previous variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to make some sense of what these new conditions mean for our lives at the start of 2022, KQED Forum’s Alexis Madrigal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101887149/the-future-of-covid-what-2022-could-bring\">checked in on Monday\u003c/a> with \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/robert.wachter\">Dr. Bob Wachter\u003c/a>, professor and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/profile/jessica-malaty-rivera/\">Jessica Malaty Rivera\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist and senior adviser at The Pandemic Prevention Institute — and former science communication lead for The Covid Tracking Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alexis Madrigal: What’s the latest outlook in the Bay Area? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We’re not seeing the kinds of surges that people are seeing elsewhere in the country, but we definitely are seeing an uptick because of omicron.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Bob Wachter\u003c/strong>: We have seen a remarkable increase in our testing positivity rate. We test everybody who comes into UCSF’s hospital for anything — for a heart attack or cancer surgery or getting a medical procedure — and that is my sort of poor man’s way of trying to figure out what percentage of people in San Francisco are positive. That number has been as low as 0.2%, meaning 1 in 500. But today, it’s up to about 7% or 8%, meaning that 1 out of about 12 or 13 people who were tested, who feel fine, who have no symptoms of COVID, are testing positive for COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our hospitalizations were staying steady, and then about seven days ago, they started going up and they’ve doubled since a week ago. We’re not seeing the kinds of surges that people are seeing elsewhere in the country, but we definitely are seeing an uptick because of omicron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are seeing a surge here, but nothing like what they are seeing in Cleveland or New York or Houston or Miami. The Bay Area is the most heavily vaccinated region in the country, so although there might be an increase in breakout infections here, people won’t usually get very sick, as compared to in places with low vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What data should we pay attention to over the next few weeks to give us some indication of how things are going?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jessica Malaty Rivera\u003c/strong>: A lot of people right now are gazing at these giant numbers that are upwards of two times what they looked like in January of 2021, and panicking. But we expected that, right? That’s the holiday effect. That’s the testing effect. That’s the fact that omicron is super transmissible and a lot of people are testing positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my eyes are on hospitalizations. I want to see what those trends look like because that’s kind of as close to a real-time indicator of what’s going on on the ground as we can get. And we are concerned that hospitals are starting to send crisis-care signals because there’s too many people and capacity is exceeding the norm, and the National Guard is being deployed. That’s happening in some places, and we’re watching to see if it happens nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think about the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900296/cdc-recommends-shorter-covid-isolation-and-quarantine-periods\">new guidance\u003c/a> that people who test positive for the virus but don’t have symptoms need only isolate for five days rather than 10?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I understand it. You know, if every doctor and nurse or other essential workers in other industries has to be on the sidelines for 10 days, I really worry about how we can staff the ER? I mean, can we staff our clinics? Can we take care of patients? And that, of course, creates its own harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that we’ve got a really difficult balance to try to figure out here. If you say everybody has to stay in isolation until they test negative, then you just have too many people out of commission. And this is really not about the economy. This is about making sure that if you come into the emergency room with a heart attack or a stroke, that there will be somebody there who can take care of you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because so many people today are walking around on the street who feel fine, but they actually have COVID, and some of them are infectious, at some point you try to come up with the number of days in which the vast majority of people who get the virus will no longer be infectious, and then insist that they wear a mask for the next several days after that in case they still have a lingering amount of virus.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I believe that the state of California did the right thing and the CDC did the wrong thing. California said five days of isolation, but then you have to do an antigen test [a rapid test], and it has to be negative. If people do that, the majority will test negative on Day Five and be able to go out and resume their life, while wearing a good mask. I think the CDC should have been clearer about masking — you really should be wearing an N95 or equivalent if you go back out into the workplace after isolating for five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also said that if you still test positive after five days, you need to stay in isolation until you test negative. I think that’s going to be the smarter call, and I suspect the CDC is going to go there in the next few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky said that only an estimated 30% of people were following the original 10-day isolation guidance. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Is that a good enough reason to split that time in half?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rivera\u003c/strong>: No, in my opinion. The “let’s try to find the number of days that makes it work” strategy makes me uncomfortable. Making rules easier so that you can increase compliance is not a public health strategy. It is in some cases when you’re dealing with harm reduction and risk reduction. But in the context of a highly transmissible variant, in the context of a huge surge, an unprecedented surge, it’s not the time to modify the rules just to make them easier to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have not seen the data to justify the 50% reduction in isolation time and also the complete disregard for testing, which has been a strategy used for travel and employment. If you have a dark pink second line on your antigen test, chances are you’ve got a high viral load and you are a risk to others and should stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What kind of masks should people be wearing nowadays to stay safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I wear an N95 or the equivalent — anything that has “94” or “95” in it — pretty much anywhere I go now when I want to wear a mask. It seems silly to me to not wear the best possible protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I didn’t do that until a month or two ago. I felt like if I wore a surgical mask and then a good, tight-fitting cloth mask on top of it, that gave a level of protection that’s not far off the N95. But since omicron is so much more transmissible than the prior variants, it just seems like the right call. If the virus has upped its game, we might as well up our game and wear a mask that gives us a fighting chance of keeping the virus at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public health message early was that you should wear a mask to protect your fellow citizen. That’s partly true, but you’re also wearing it to protect yourself. The evidence that a good mask will protect you is actually extremely strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the N95s you can get now, or the K95s, are pretty much as comfortable as a surgical or a cloth mask. It’s just not a big deal. Why not wear the better mask?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You definitely don’t want to use masks with valves — the kind that sometimes people use during fire season — because they allow you to exhale your breath to the risk of people around you. But yeah, the KN95s [from China] and KF94s [from South Korea] are fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are counterfeit masks that are not good — you can look up the quality of masks on certain websites. But if you go on Amazon or some other site and look up reviews, you can find one that works well. And I wouldn’t pay attention to what it says on it. If it says 94 or 95 on it, that means in general, it’s filtering out 19 out of 20 particles, and that seems to be enough to prevent transmission in pretty much all circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are researchers gaining a better understanding of long COVID — in terms of its causes, symptoms and behavior?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: My sense is that it still is a little bit up in the air how much of long COVID is from persistence of infection, how much of it is from your immune system reacting in a way that causes you harm and how much of it we just don’t understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s real. There’s no question that a fair number of people have symptoms that last for more than a month or two, and there are now people who have symptoms that have lasted for more than a year. It’s also a tricky thing to study and be sure about. I go with the general numbers of 5% to 10% of people who get the virus continue to feel crummy a month or two out.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>So I still think it’s worth trying not to get it, in part because of the possibility of long COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly for people who have gotten three shots, if you’re out there being careful, wearing the right mask, avoiding big crowds, I think there’s a pretty good chance you will dodge this bullet. And I think you’ll probably only have to do that for four to six weeks, when we’ll be on the other side of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What risk does omicron pose for kids under 5?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I think most of us are aware that kids tend to be extraordinarily safe. The chances of a kid getting very sick and going to the hospital from COVID are very, very, very, very low, but not zero. There’s no evidence yet that omicron is more severe in little kids than the prior variants were. There is an increased risk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41584-020-0448-7\">autoimmune diseases occurring in children\u003c/a> who get COVID. That’s turned out to be a threat, but not a massive threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the best we can do for kids is wrap them in a cocoon of vaccinated people who are being careful, and hopefully get to a point where there’s either so much immunity in the population or a vaccine is made available to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the best way to keep kids under 5 safe in their day care centers, and when can we expect a vaccine to be available for them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rivera\u003c/strong>: It’s recommended that kids 2 and older wear masks. N95 masks don’t come that small, but there are other masks that are equivalent. KF94s from Korea are often made in children’s sizes. I stocked up on those for my 3-1/2- and 5-year-old, and I think they’re wonderful. They have the same kind of thickness and multilayers that you would see in an adult-sized K95 or an N95 mask. They fit tightly, they cover the nose bridge quite well considering kids’ small faces. So I highly recommend those.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And when it comes to when we can see the authorization, we did get some disappointing news that it’s going to take a bit longer as health officials have to kind of recalibrate the study to consider a third dose because, unfortunately, the immune bridging for toddlers was not as high. There were no safety signals, but they wanted the efficacy to be much higher. I think that a third dose will probably give us that data that will show that these vaccines at this dosage will provide younger kids with sufficient protection. So authorization for kids under 5 should probably come, I would hope, by sometime mid-2022. That’s when they’ve anticipated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you say to parents who are concerned about student vaccine mandates, given that the FDA has only issued emergency use of the vaccine for kids 5 to 11?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rivera\u003c/strong>: I do think there is a bit of a misconception as to what emergency use authorization [EUA] actually is. It is not a kind of less robust process for review. In the context of an emergency, which we very much are in, and which is why we have these opportunities to expedite the process for review, the same thresholds for safety and efficacy still stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just recently, the CDC published some findings on 9 million vaccinations of 5- to 11-year-olds with no signals that would show severe concerns for safety or for efficacy. I think out of 9 million, there were 11 reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html#:~:text=Myocarditis%20is%20inflammation%20of%20the,infection%20or%20some%20other%20trigger.\">myocarditis \u003c/a>— an inflammation of the heart muscle — all of which were mild and resolved quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think that in the context of a public health emergency, an EUA is absolutely still sufficient when it comes to providing these guidelines for what is good for our population. And I think that we will likely see a full FDA approval very soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So is the end of the pandemic anywhere in sight? Could it end this year? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wachter\u003c/strong>: I’m reluctant to predict anything a year out because we’ve all been wrong. I don’t know anybody who predicted delta. I don’t know anybody who predicted omicron. And, you know, it can all be screwed up with a curveball — some new variant that does things that we didn’t think were possible. I mean, nobody that I know thought omicron, a variant this transmissible, was possible. And it appears that we may have gotten very lucky by having a variant that is incredibly transmissible, but also less severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What that may lead to in February or March is a population that is almost fully immune, either through vaccination or, for people that chose not to be vaccinated, through infection. And we’ll have to see how long your immunity from your infection or your vaccinations lasts. That may determine what happens at the end of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think we’re in for a pretty terrible month. My crystal ball only goes out a couple of months. I think February or March is likely to be a pretty good time as the surge likely comes down and we’re left with a high level of population immunity and also more available testing, and the greater availability of particularly the new Pfizer drug Paxlovid, which is a pill that lowers the probability of a severe case — of hospitalization and death — by 90%. So that’s pretty great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It means that for those people at high risk of a bad outcome, we’ll be in a position where if they do get COVID, there will be this pill that they can take that lowers their probability of something terrible happening. The problem is that it’s in very short supply, but the supply is going to grow gradually over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With a new and more infectious coronavirus variant sweeping California, attorneys representing incarcerated people say violations of health orders by prison staff risk a repeat of the outbreaks that killed dozens in the first year of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration is fighting a federal judge’s order that all \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897498/court-blocks-covid-19-vaccine-mandate-for-california-prisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California prison workers must be vaccinated\u003c/a> against the coronavirus or have a religious or medical exemption. The administration argues in part that frequent testing can help limit the virus’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But large percentages of employees who are required to be tested twice weekly aren’t doing so, “and most of those workers face no consequences,” attorneys said in a recent court filing, citing figures that officials now say are suspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern comes as new cases soar across California and state models predict a gradual increase in hospitalizations and intensive care admissions over the next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 5,100 people were hospitalized and more than 1,100 are in the ICU statewide, numbers expected to climb above 7,300 and 1,300 by the end of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrections officials temporarily shut off new admissions to the reception center at Wasco State Prison in the San Joaquin Valley, the site of California’s worst current prison outbreak with more than 150 new infections in the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also are restricting movement for incarcerated people, programs and visitation at institutions with outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And starting Monday, incarcerated people statewide must be fully vaccinated to have in-person or family visits, unless they have approved religious or medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twice-weekly testing requirement applies to about 10,000 unvaccinated corrections employees, nearly a third of whom weren’t complying from mid-October through mid-November, according to the most recent data provided by corrections officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the state’s figures show that fewer than 20 employees were disciplined during the same time frame, though corrections officials said those numbers are misleading, “partly because fully vaccinated staff who are not subject to the testing requirement may show as noncompliant with testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prisons had nearly 350 active coronavirus cases among those incarcerated Thursday, up from fewer than 190 just two days earlier, with nearly half the total at the Wasco prison. There were lesser outbreaks at prisons near Norco, Corcoran, San Diego, Folsom and Chino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were nearly 400 new infections among prison employees statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials said they have not seen an increase in hospitalizations, which have remained between one and three over the past two months statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prisons lag behind the communities,” said Steve Fama, an attorney with the nonprofit Prison Law Office, which represents incarcerated people. “The virus has to skip into the prisons, literally leap into — it’s got to get over the wall, and that just takes time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases are a fraction of the system’s nearly 100,000 incarcerated people and nothing like the outbreaks last year, including one that sickened 75% of the people incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison north of San Francisco, killing 28 of them and a correctional officer.[aside tag=\"san-quentin\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the pandemic, 245 incarcerated people and 49 corrections staff have died statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrections officials said they “continue to enforce a mask mandate for all staff, and require unvaccinated workers to wear N95 masks and submit to twice-weekly testing — twice the frequency required” by the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also said in a statement they are “diligently resolving discrepancies in the staff COVID-19 vaccination and testing data” but can’t yet provide updated statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A related review by corrections officials of staff at two prisons that house the sickest people reduced the percentage of those initially listed as not complying with health rules from more than 10% to just 2% at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville and from more than 8% to about 5% at the California Health Care Facility in Stockton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, vaccinations are lagging among contractors at those prisons, the attorneys of people incarcerated say, despite a separate requirement that all employees there be inoculated. Again there are few consequences, according to court documents, because contractors “cannot be disciplined for failing to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contractors are not state employees, but “are supposed to comply and they should not be working in the institution if they are not vaccinated,” Paul Mello, an attorney for the corrections department, said in response at a recent court hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contractors including medical providers make up about a quarter of employees at the Vacaville prison, but only 37% are vaccinated as required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They make up nearly 1 in 5 employees at the prison in Stockton, with 61% vaccinated. That compares to about 80% of permanent employees vaccinated at the two prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Public Health Officer Dr. Tomás Aragón last week expanded on the vaccination order for all paid and unpaid individuals who are regularly assigned to provide health care to incarcerated people or work in prison medical settings or in local jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were supposed to be vaccinated by mid-October, and his order now requires them to get booster shots by Feb. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the new omicron variant that he said may be two to four times as infectious as the delta variant, Aragón warned that “even a moderate surge in cases and hospitalizations could materially impact California’s health care delivery system within certain regions of the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal court-appointed receiver who controls medical care in California prisons said officials are working to get boosters in all eligible incarcerated people by year’s end. Of about 70,000 eligible people, nearly three-quarters had received one by mid-December.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With a new and more infectious coronavirus variant sweeping California, attorneys representing incarcerated people say violations of health orders by prison staff risk a repeat of the outbreaks that killed dozens in the first year of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration is fighting a federal judge’s order that all \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897498/court-blocks-covid-19-vaccine-mandate-for-california-prisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California prison workers must be vaccinated\u003c/a> against the coronavirus or have a religious or medical exemption. The administration argues in part that frequent testing can help limit the virus’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But large percentages of employees who are required to be tested twice weekly aren’t doing so, “and most of those workers face no consequences,” attorneys said in a recent court filing, citing figures that officials now say are suspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern comes as new cases soar across California and state models predict a gradual increase in hospitalizations and intensive care admissions over the next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 5,100 people were hospitalized and more than 1,100 are in the ICU statewide, numbers expected to climb above 7,300 and 1,300 by the end of January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrections officials temporarily shut off new admissions to the reception center at Wasco State Prison in the San Joaquin Valley, the site of California’s worst current prison outbreak with more than 150 new infections in the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also are restricting movement for incarcerated people, programs and visitation at institutions with outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And starting Monday, incarcerated people statewide must be fully vaccinated to have in-person or family visits, unless they have approved religious or medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The twice-weekly testing requirement applies to about 10,000 unvaccinated corrections employees, nearly a third of whom weren’t complying from mid-October through mid-November, according to the most recent data provided by corrections officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the state’s figures show that fewer than 20 employees were disciplined during the same time frame, though corrections officials said those numbers are misleading, “partly because fully vaccinated staff who are not subject to the testing requirement may show as noncompliant with testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prisons had nearly 350 active coronavirus cases among those incarcerated Thursday, up from fewer than 190 just two days earlier, with nearly half the total at the Wasco prison. There were lesser outbreaks at prisons near Norco, Corcoran, San Diego, Folsom and Chino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were nearly 400 new infections among prison employees statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials said they have not seen an increase in hospitalizations, which have remained between one and three over the past two months statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prisons lag behind the communities,” said Steve Fama, an attorney with the nonprofit Prison Law Office, which represents incarcerated people. “The virus has to skip into the prisons, literally leap into — it’s got to get over the wall, and that just takes time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases are a fraction of the system’s nearly 100,000 incarcerated people and nothing like the outbreaks last year, including one that sickened 75% of the people incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison north of San Francisco, killing 28 of them and a correctional officer.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of the pandemic, 245 incarcerated people and 49 corrections staff have died statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrections officials said they “continue to enforce a mask mandate for all staff, and require unvaccinated workers to wear N95 masks and submit to twice-weekly testing — twice the frequency required” by the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also said in a statement they are “diligently resolving discrepancies in the staff COVID-19 vaccination and testing data” but can’t yet provide updated statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A related review by corrections officials of staff at two prisons that house the sickest people reduced the percentage of those initially listed as not complying with health rules from more than 10% to just 2% at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville and from more than 8% to about 5% at the California Health Care Facility in Stockton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, vaccinations are lagging among contractors at those prisons, the attorneys of people incarcerated say, despite a separate requirement that all employees there be inoculated. Again there are few consequences, according to court documents, because contractors “cannot be disciplined for failing to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contractors are not state employees, but “are supposed to comply and they should not be working in the institution if they are not vaccinated,” Paul Mello, an attorney for the corrections department, said in response at a recent court hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contractors including medical providers make up about a quarter of employees at the Vacaville prison, but only 37% are vaccinated as required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They make up nearly 1 in 5 employees at the prison in Stockton, with 61% vaccinated. That compares to about 80% of permanent employees vaccinated at the two prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Public Health Officer Dr. Tomás Aragón last week expanded on the vaccination order for all paid and unpaid individuals who are regularly assigned to provide health care to incarcerated people or work in prison medical settings or in local jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were supposed to be vaccinated by mid-October, and his order now requires them to get booster shots by Feb. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the new omicron variant that he said may be two to four times as infectious as the delta variant, Aragón warned that “even a moderate surge in cases and hospitalizations could materially impact California’s health care delivery system within certain regions of the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal court-appointed receiver who controls medical care in California prisons said officials are working to get boosters in all eligible incarcerated people by year’s end. Of about 70,000 eligible people, nearly three-quarters had received one by mid-December.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Santa Clara County will require health care workers in high-risk settings to get COVID-19 boosters, and to get them sooner than a statewide mandate issued by Gov. Gavin Newsom last week, officials announced Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Newsom announced that nearly all of California’s roughly 2.5 million frontline health care workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900014/california-to-require-booster-shots-for-health-care-workers\">must receive a COVID-19 booster shot by Feb. 1\u003c/a>. Santa Clara County’s order goes into effect on Jan. 24, and will apply to more workers than the state’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Tuesday press conference, Santa Clara County Public Health Officer Sara Cody said a surge in omicron variant infections drove the decision to order the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the last time we spoke, which was just less than two weeks ago, I warned of a deluge of omicron,” Cody said. “Today, unfortunately, that deluge is here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 cases among the unvaccinated \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.sccgov.org/dashboard-case-rates-vaccination-status\">are higher now in Santa Clara County than last August’s surge\u003c/a>. While 81% of county residents are vaccinated, and 52% have gotten a booster dose, Cody said the high spread of omicron meant a possibility for hospitals here to become overwhelmed soon — making even the “breakthrough” cases in vaccinated people a problem for hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if a small portion ends up needing a hospital bed, it could still end up being a lot of people, because the portion of cases is quite large,” Cody said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order, she added, is “to protect our health care system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11900014 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/GettyImages-1236892674-1020x601.jpg']Both the state’s and the county’s orders apply to workers at hospitals and doctor’s offices, home health workers and those working in high-risk congregate settings including nursing facilities, hospice centers and dialysis centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santa Clara County’s order “applies to a slightly broader set of workers,” said County Counsel for Santa Clara County James Williams, “namely medical first responders, such as paramedics and EMTs, those working in shelters, and non-health care staff in jails and correctional settings.” It also will not allow unvaccinated or unboosted people to get tested as a way to satisfy the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, those workers without a booster, including medical and correctional first responders, will be reassigned to jobs within their organizations that the county doesn’t consider having high-risk settings, such as where air is shared with high-risk clients, and jails, said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Boosters are absolutely critical, given what we’re facing right now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate came alongside recommendations Cody announced for Santa Clara County, including that businesses and other governmental entities implement vaccine and booster requirements for their workers. She also strongly recommended restaurants and bars require booster shots for workers and patrons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why the recommendation for restaurants and bars was not a mandate, Cody said, “Our feeling is that it’s extremely important, but we’re not taking that final step of mandating it. Our businesses have been incredibly responsible, responsive and safe with their patrons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did, however, say the best way to patronize your favorite restaurants now is by ordering takeout or delivery and “tipping a lot, to support them,” but that gathering indoors without a mask is “not the safest way to be right now, with omicron spiking as it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland last week, at the announcement of the statewide booster mandate for health care workers, Newsom said the mandate was imperative to preventing further health care staffing shortages due to illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize now just being fully vaccinated is not enough with this new variant,” Newsom said, noting that “well north of 50%” of new cases in California are the omicron variant — now the dominant variant in the country. “We believe it’s important to extend this requirement to getting that third dose, to getting boosted,” he added. “I think it is a smart move, a wise move in this context that we need to make sure we don’t have staffing shortages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='booster-shot']California already requires health care workers to be vaccinated against the coronavirus, a directive that took effect in September, and one that most workers have complied with. Thousands of people who have not complied, though, have either lost their jobs or been suspended, sparking concerns that the newest rule could further exacerbate staffing shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association was quick to back the order, with California Hospital Association President and CEO Carmela Coyle saying, in a statement, that boosters are “vital to ensuring care for all in need as California and the nation as a whole continue to face a persistent shortage of health care workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronavirus-related hospitalizations have been rising slowly in California. As of Tuesday, there were 4,747 coronavirus patients hospitalized across the state, indicating an increase since Dec. 1. But that’s far less than the peak of last winter’s surge, when the state had nearly 22,000 coronavirus patients before vaccines were widely available. Now, more than 70% of the state’s nearly 40 million residents have been fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while hospitals overall have fewer patients than last winter, many have fewer workers to treat the patients they do have. The staffing shortage comes as businesses, including hospitals, are having trouble finding workers. A recent UCSF study estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/09/421366/california-faces-short-term-nursing-shortage-covid-19-retirements\">the state’s nursing shortage could persist until 2026\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiyomi Burchill, group vice president for policy for the California Hospital Association, said in an interview Tuesday before Newsom made his announcement, “The staffing shortages we are experiencing are worse than ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Spencer Whitney and Matthew Green, as well as Adam Beam of The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Santa Clara County to Require COVID Boosters for Health Care Workers, Sooner Than State",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Santa Clara County will require health care workers in high-risk settings to get COVID-19 boosters, and to get them sooner than a statewide mandate issued by Gov. Gavin Newsom last week, officials announced Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Newsom announced that nearly all of California’s roughly 2.5 million frontline health care workers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11900014/california-to-require-booster-shots-for-health-care-workers\">must receive a COVID-19 booster shot by Feb. 1\u003c/a>. Santa Clara County’s order goes into effect on Jan. 24, and will apply to more workers than the state’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Tuesday press conference, Santa Clara County Public Health Officer Sara Cody said a surge in omicron variant infections drove the decision to order the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the last time we spoke, which was just less than two weeks ago, I warned of a deluge of omicron,” Cody said. “Today, unfortunately, that deluge is here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 cases among the unvaccinated \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.sccgov.org/dashboard-case-rates-vaccination-status\">are higher now in Santa Clara County than last August’s surge\u003c/a>. While 81% of county residents are vaccinated, and 52% have gotten a booster dose, Cody said the high spread of omicron meant a possibility for hospitals here to become overwhelmed soon — making even the “breakthrough” cases in vaccinated people a problem for hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if a small portion ends up needing a hospital bed, it could still end up being a lot of people, because the portion of cases is quite large,” Cody said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order, she added, is “to protect our health care system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Both the state’s and the county’s orders apply to workers at hospitals and doctor’s offices, home health workers and those working in high-risk congregate settings including nursing facilities, hospice centers and dialysis centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santa Clara County’s order “applies to a slightly broader set of workers,” said County Counsel for Santa Clara County James Williams, “namely medical first responders, such as paramedics and EMTs, those working in shelters, and non-health care staff in jails and correctional settings.” It also will not allow unvaccinated or unboosted people to get tested as a way to satisfy the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, those workers without a booster, including medical and correctional first responders, will be reassigned to jobs within their organizations that the county doesn’t consider having high-risk settings, such as where air is shared with high-risk clients, and jails, said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Boosters are absolutely critical, given what we’re facing right now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate came alongside recommendations Cody announced for Santa Clara County, including that businesses and other governmental entities implement vaccine and booster requirements for their workers. She also strongly recommended restaurants and bars require booster shots for workers and patrons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why the recommendation for restaurants and bars was not a mandate, Cody said, “Our feeling is that it’s extremely important, but we’re not taking that final step of mandating it. Our businesses have been incredibly responsible, responsive and safe with their patrons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did, however, say the best way to patronize your favorite restaurants now is by ordering takeout or delivery and “tipping a lot, to support them,” but that gathering indoors without a mask is “not the safest way to be right now, with omicron spiking as it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland last week, at the announcement of the statewide booster mandate for health care workers, Newsom said the mandate was imperative to preventing further health care staffing shortages due to illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize now just being fully vaccinated is not enough with this new variant,” Newsom said, noting that “well north of 50%” of new cases in California are the omicron variant — now the dominant variant in the country. “We believe it’s important to extend this requirement to getting that third dose, to getting boosted,” he added. “I think it is a smart move, a wise move in this context that we need to make sure we don’t have staffing shortages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California already requires health care workers to be vaccinated against the coronavirus, a directive that took effect in September, and one that most workers have complied with. Thousands of people who have not complied, though, have either lost their jobs or been suspended, sparking concerns that the newest rule could further exacerbate staffing shortages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Hospital Association was quick to back the order, with California Hospital Association President and CEO Carmela Coyle saying, in a statement, that boosters are “vital to ensuring care for all in need as California and the nation as a whole continue to face a persistent shortage of health care workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronavirus-related hospitalizations have been rising slowly in California. As of Tuesday, there were 4,747 coronavirus patients hospitalized across the state, indicating an increase since Dec. 1. But that’s far less than the peak of last winter’s surge, when the state had nearly 22,000 coronavirus patients before vaccines were widely available. Now, more than 70% of the state’s nearly 40 million residents have been fully vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while hospitals overall have fewer patients than last winter, many have fewer workers to treat the patients they do have. The staffing shortage comes as businesses, including hospitals, are having trouble finding workers. A recent UCSF study estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2021/09/421366/california-faces-short-term-nursing-shortage-covid-19-retirements\">the state’s nursing shortage could persist until 2026\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiyomi Burchill, group vice president for policy for the California Hospital Association, said in an interview Tuesday before Newsom made his announcement, “The staffing shortages we are experiencing are worse than ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Spencer Whitney and Matthew Green, as well as Adam Beam of The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Flight cancellations that disrupted holiday travel stretched into Monday with thousands of U.S. flights canceled and delayed during one of the year’s busiest travel periods, due to airline crews being out sick with COVID-19 and worsening weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staffing shortages also added to the chaos. In 2020, when air travel collapsed, airlines encouraged workers to quit, and then struggled to make up ground this year when travel rebounded faster than almost anyone expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add the arrival of the omicron variant, and thousands of flights were canceled over four days. According to FlightAware, which tracks flight cancellations, airlines have canceled more than 4,000 flights to, from or inside the U.S. since Friday, with over 1,000 U.S. cancellations on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11900284\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/HW89-1020x519.jpg\"]Bay Area airports have been affected. At San Francisco International, 36 departing flights and 39 arriving flights were canceled Monday as of 6 p.m. At Oakland International Airport, the number of cancellations was much smaller — 10 departing and 9 incoming — but dozens more have been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta, United, JetBlue and American all have said the coronavirus was causing staffing problems, and European and Australian airlines also canceled holiday-season flights because staff were infected, but weather and other factors played a role as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter weather in the Pacific Northwest led to nearly 250 flight cancellations to or from Seattle on Sunday, said Alaska Airlines, and the airline expects more than 100 flight cancellations Monday. But it said that crew calling in sick because of COVID-19 is no longer a factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United said it canceled 115 flights Monday, out of more than 4,000 scheduled, due to crews out with COVID-19. SkyWest, a regional airline based in Utah, said it had more cancellations than normal during the weekend and on Monday, after bad weather affected several of its hubs and many crew members were out with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlines have called on the Biden administration to shorten the guidelines for the isolation period for vaccinated workers who get COVID-19, in order to ease staffing shortages. The union for flight attendants has pushed back against that, saying the isolation period should remain 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air travel dropped steeply in 2020 and has recovered throughout 2021. Transportation Security Administration data shows the number of passengers screened at TSA checkpoints during the holiday season up significantly from last year — on some days double the number of fliers or even more — but generally still short of 2019 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='omicron']The U.S. government requires vaccinations of foreigners coming to the U.S. as well as a negative COVID test of both U.S. citizens and foreigners flying into the country. Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top U.S. infectious disease expert, said on Monday that the U.S. should also “seriously” consider a vaccination mandate for domestic travel as another way to push people to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has at times considered a domestic vaccination requirement, or one requiring either vaccination or proof of a negative test. Such a requirement could face legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Flight cancellations that disrupted holiday travel stretched into Monday with thousands of U.S. flights canceled and delayed during one of the year’s busiest travel periods, due to airline crews being out sick with COVID-19 and worsening weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staffing shortages also added to the chaos. In 2020, when air travel collapsed, airlines encouraged workers to quit, and then struggled to make up ground this year when travel rebounded faster than almost anyone expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add the arrival of the omicron variant, and thousands of flights were canceled over four days. According to FlightAware, which tracks flight cancellations, airlines have canceled more than 4,000 flights to, from or inside the U.S. since Friday, with over 1,000 U.S. cancellations on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Bay Area airports have been affected. At San Francisco International, 36 departing flights and 39 arriving flights were canceled Monday as of 6 p.m. At Oakland International Airport, the number of cancellations was much smaller — 10 departing and 9 incoming — but dozens more have been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delta, United, JetBlue and American all have said the coronavirus was causing staffing problems, and European and Australian airlines also canceled holiday-season flights because staff were infected, but weather and other factors played a role as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter weather in the Pacific Northwest led to nearly 250 flight cancellations to or from Seattle on Sunday, said Alaska Airlines, and the airline expects more than 100 flight cancellations Monday. But it said that crew calling in sick because of COVID-19 is no longer a factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United said it canceled 115 flights Monday, out of more than 4,000 scheduled, due to crews out with COVID-19. SkyWest, a regional airline based in Utah, said it had more cancellations than normal during the weekend and on Monday, after bad weather affected several of its hubs and many crew members were out with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airlines have called on the Biden administration to shorten the guidelines for the isolation period for vaccinated workers who get COVID-19, in order to ease staffing shortages. The union for flight attendants has pushed back against that, saying the isolation period should remain 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air travel dropped steeply in 2020 and has recovered throughout 2021. Transportation Security Administration data shows the number of passengers screened at TSA checkpoints during the holiday season up significantly from last year — on some days double the number of fliers or even more — but generally still short of 2019 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The U.S. government requires vaccinations of foreigners coming to the U.S. as well as a negative COVID test of both U.S. citizens and foreigners flying into the country. Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top U.S. infectious disease expert, said on Monday that the U.S. should also “seriously” consider a vaccination mandate for domestic travel as another way to push people to get vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has at times considered a domestic vaccination requirement, or one requiring either vaccination or proof of a negative test. Such a requirement could face legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California State University, the nation’s largest four-year public university, said Wednesday that it will require students, faculty and staff at its 23 campuses to get COVID-19 booster shots for the spring semester amid concerns about the highly contagious omicron variant.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"CSU Chancellor Joseph I. Castro\"]‘Vaccination, including a booster when eligible, remains our most effective strategy against infection and severe disease.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate, which allows for medical and religious exemptions, requires the boosters by Feb. 28, or six months after the final dose of vaccination. Individual campuses can impose earlier deadlines, the university said in a statement, adding it was still negotiating the requirement with labor unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccination, including a booster when eligible, remains our most effective strategy against infection and severe disease,” CSU Chancellor Joseph I. Castro said in the statement. “This is particularly important in light of the rapid rise of cases of COVID-19 throughout the state and nation as the omicron variant spreads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California State University has about 485,000 students and 55,000 faculty members and staff. The announcement comes a day after the University of California announced a similar mandate for its 10 campuses, saying that a COVID-19 booster shot is required under the existing UC policy that says students and staff must keep their vaccination statuses up to date. According to Castro’s office, the CSU’s requirement will go into effect immediately once it is finalized, at which time the university will make the policy public. [aside postID=\"news_11900014,news_11896107,news_11894546\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC President Michael Drake outlined the policy in a letter to chancellors Tuesday. Several UC campuses — including UCLA, UC Irvine, UC Santa Cruz and UC San Diego — have announced that classes will begin remotely at the start of the new term. The delays of in-person classes range from one to two weeks, which campuses say will allow them to conduct extensive testing and reduce the risk of spreading illness after the winter recess. An estimated 427,000 CSU students and more than 50,000 employees have proven their full vaccination status as of November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges across the country are bracing for the worst when students return from winter break and many see boosters as their best hope. More than 30 colleges have issued booster shot requirements in recent weeks, and others say they’re thinking about it. The list includes large universities like Boston University, NYU, the University of Chicago, Michigan State University, and the University of Oregon and dozens of smaller liberal arts and Ivy League campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much about the omicron coronavirus variant remains unknown, including whether it causes more or less severe illness. Scientists say omicron spreads even more easily than other coronavirus strains, including delta. Early studies suggest the vaccinated will need a booster shot for the best chance at preventing an omicron infection but that, even without the extra dose, vaccination still should offer strong protection against severe illness and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California so far has fared far better than many other states. Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday that California has the lowest test-positivity rate in the country, with only 3.3% of COVID-19 tests coming back positive. But cases are surging as the more-transmissible omicron variant spreads through the state. New cases have nearly doubled from 5,400 last week to nearly 11,000 this week, he said during a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California State University, the nation’s largest four-year public university, said Wednesday that it will require students, faculty and staff at its 23 campuses to get COVID-19 booster shots for the spring semester amid concerns about the highly contagious omicron variant.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Vaccination, including a booster when eligible, remains our most effective strategy against infection and severe disease.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate, which allows for medical and religious exemptions, requires the boosters by Feb. 28, or six months after the final dose of vaccination. Individual campuses can impose earlier deadlines, the university said in a statement, adding it was still negotiating the requirement with labor unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccination, including a booster when eligible, remains our most effective strategy against infection and severe disease,” CSU Chancellor Joseph I. Castro said in the statement. “This is particularly important in light of the rapid rise of cases of COVID-19 throughout the state and nation as the omicron variant spreads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California State University has about 485,000 students and 55,000 faculty members and staff. The announcement comes a day after the University of California announced a similar mandate for its 10 campuses, saying that a COVID-19 booster shot is required under the existing UC policy that says students and staff must keep their vaccination statuses up to date. According to Castro’s office, the CSU’s requirement will go into effect immediately once it is finalized, at which time the university will make the policy public. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC President Michael Drake outlined the policy in a letter to chancellors Tuesday. Several UC campuses — including UCLA, UC Irvine, UC Santa Cruz and UC San Diego — have announced that classes will begin remotely at the start of the new term. The delays of in-person classes range from one to two weeks, which campuses say will allow them to conduct extensive testing and reduce the risk of spreading illness after the winter recess. An estimated 427,000 CSU students and more than 50,000 employees have proven their full vaccination status as of November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges across the country are bracing for the worst when students return from winter break and many see boosters as their best hope. More than 30 colleges have issued booster shot requirements in recent weeks, and others say they’re thinking about it. The list includes large universities like Boston University, NYU, the University of Chicago, Michigan State University, and the University of Oregon and dozens of smaller liberal arts and Ivy League campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much about the omicron coronavirus variant remains unknown, including whether it causes more or less severe illness. Scientists say omicron spreads even more easily than other coronavirus strains, including delta. Early studies suggest the vaccinated will need a booster shot for the best chance at preventing an omicron infection but that, even without the extra dose, vaccination still should offer strong protection against severe illness and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California so far has fared far better than many other states. Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday that California has the lowest test-positivity rate in the country, with only 3.3% of COVID-19 tests coming back positive. But cases are surging as the more-transmissible omicron variant spreads through the state. New cases have nearly doubled from 5,400 last week to nearly 11,000 this week, he said during a news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Angela Meriquez Vázquez initially experienced mild cold symptoms when she was diagnosed with COVID in March 2020. This acute phase lasted three months until Vázquez began to develop increasingly worrying symptoms which included blood clots, mini strokes, seizures, and newly developed food allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her symptoms were dismissed by medical professionals leading Vázquez to question her trust in the health care system. “I have to believe that my identity as a Latina and a young woman played no small role in that” she says, “and I imagine, you know, if I had been white, I may have been offered more investigative testing at the beginning of my illness and more supportive care up front that really could have mitigated the trajectory of my symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than a year and a half after her initial COVID diagnosis, Vázquez says she’s nowhere near back to normal. Once an avid runner, she now suffers from chronic fatigue syndrome, bouts of confusion, sleep apnea, heart palpitations, and severe migraines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the National Institute of Health’s $1 billion initiative to gather more data on the long-term consequences of COVID in early 2021, reports of long COVID-19 have been on the rise. This November, KQED Forum’s Lesley McClurg\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886578/what-science-tells-us-about-the-mysteries-of-long-covid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> spoke with experts and a patient on what is currently known and being researched about the long-term effects of the virus\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Angela Meriquez Vázquez,\u003c/strong> long-haul COVID patient\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan,\u003c/strong> neurologist and chief resident of psychiatry at UCSF\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh,\u003c/strong> infectious disease expert at Stanford University\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger,\u003c/strong> associate professor at Johns Hopkins Institute of Bioethics\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What do we know about long COVID-19? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh:\u003c/strong> We’re at the beginning of a long road. We only know some things about long COVID. We know that it’s a real condition, and that people feel terrible and they have multiple symptoms. We know that everybody with long COVID can present differently. We also know that people who had mild disease with COVID can get long COVID. It’s not limited just to people who had severe illness in the ICU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know the vaccines are effective and safe, and they decrease the symptoms that people get even if they have breakthrough infections. So anybody who’s vaccinated and gets a breakthrough infection is more likely to have milder symptoms and prevent hospitalization and death. We do think that people who have breakthrough infections may still be able to get long COVID, but the hope is that their symptoms are milder and that their resolution is faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger:\u003c/strong> There’s some indication that vaccinated individuals who have COVID symptoms have a lesser chance of developing long COVID. But a lot of the literature is difficult to interpret, and it’s still in the early days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have to see the right kind of evidence, and then when a patient needs answers, we try to get them answers. But long COVID is very difficult clinically. People want answers, and sometimes they don’t even have a doctor to go to and can’t even get testing, and that’s where we need to work just as hard as we do determining which tests to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Is Long COVID-19 psychosomatic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> We have to be very humble when discussing mental health and long COVID because, at least from the patients I’ve taken care of, I can’t imagine that this is entirely generated by a primary psychiatric illness. We also know that there are these abnormal markers when we are looking at research studies that suggest that there’s more going on beyond psychiatric manifestations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard for an ailing body not to then generate an ailing emotional response. I haven’t taken care of a long COVID patient who doesn’t have anxiety and depression. Many people who had anxiety and depression before they had long COVID have experienced worsened symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899907\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11899907\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A nurse in PPE rests their hands on a railing inside of a triage center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Registered nurse Angelo Daulat at Kaiser Permanente in Richmond where patients with respiratory symptoms are being triaged, on Thursday, Mar. 19, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What is the best approach to long COVID-19 care?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh:\u003c/strong> Now, a year and a half into the pandemic, we have an understanding that there is a very real, very physical condition called long COVID. I would really encourage individuals to talk to their primary care physicians, and if their primary care physicians are not comfortable with or don’t have the experience with long COVID, seek out a long COVID clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although two different long COVID patients can experience some overlap, their symptoms are often quite distinct. So you do really need a multidisciplinary approach where you can have a central provider who has some expertise in long COVID, who can then call in a neurologist if you’re having neurological issues or call in a cardiologist if you’re having cardiac issues. This is a very tough disease to go through alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> Along with Dr. Jobs, a palliative care physician at UCSF, I run a long COVID integrative medicine skills group for recovery, so we’ve seen a lot of long COVID patients.\u003cbr>\nUnfortunately, Angela’s story is nothing rare. I wish that we heard stories that were different from hers, but we had many, many participants who have been suffering and felt invisible, unheard and really invalidated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We bring people together with knowledgeable physicians to think about how we’re going to tackle long COVID together. We looked at what interventions have worked in other chronic conditions where people have increased inflammation or an over-activated, sympathetic nervous system, and we decided we wanted to emphasize interventions like mindfulness, coping strategies, and cognitive behavioral therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important part of this recipe was bringing people with long COVID together into the same space so they could teach each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What is causing long COVID-19?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger:\u003c/strong> We must understand long COVID as a multi-domain phenomenon. So there’s the individual body of the person that undergoes a variety of symptoms which can be really unique from person to person. Then there’s the social body; the collective. The collective is more than just the sum of individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID has been a social phenomenon that has affected many groups in our society. So, COVID and long COVID acts on multiple levels at once, which makes it hard to define and to treat. This means that these symptoms of long COVID are exacerbated by social phenomena, which people tend to overlook as outside the realm of medicine, and that’s completely false. This leads us to a concentration on biomedical solutions when there’s a lot that needs to be done for patients suffering from long COVID that’s not made in a lab or found in a lab test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Will long COVID-19 care affect care for other chronic illnesses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> Long COVID is bringing all of these other long-haul illnesses out from the shadows. However, our medical system has had difficulty with understanding how we treat this population, and I am very hopeful that all of this research and all of this thought being put into long COVID will help us to expand how we can help people who’ve identified with post-viral post-infectious syndromes for 20 or 30 years and have felt really abandoned by our medical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Long COVID-19 moving forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger:\u003c/strong> Because long COVID as a disease that develops in time differently from person to person, it requires a multidisciplinary team of people. Relief of pain is really important. Physical activity is really important, and providing specific treatment for symptoms like myocarditis and lung conditions associated with long COVID is really important. Unfortunately, there isn’t one specific answer to long COVID, but there are treatments out for their very specific things. Sometimes what works best is an incremental approach to chronic symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> There isn’t a one size fits all approach to long COVID; it’s about finding a provider, a practitioner that you feel is hearing you and that you develop with that person a plan for each of the issues going on with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh:\u003c/strong> We want to be careful that we aren’t too quick to diagnose people who develop symptoms after having an episode of COVID as having long COVID. Part of engaging with a primary care provider is to make sure there’s no underlying issue. We’ve been in a pandemic for 18 months and people have developed hypothyroidism or other cardiac issues during that time that may be causing their symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Angela Meriquez Vázquez initially experienced mild cold symptoms when she was diagnosed with COVID in March 2020. This acute phase lasted three months until Vázquez began to develop increasingly worrying symptoms which included blood clots, mini strokes, seizures, and newly developed food allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her symptoms were dismissed by medical professionals leading Vázquez to question her trust in the health care system. “I have to believe that my identity as a Latina and a young woman played no small role in that” she says, “and I imagine, you know, if I had been white, I may have been offered more investigative testing at the beginning of my illness and more supportive care up front that really could have mitigated the trajectory of my symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than a year and a half after her initial COVID diagnosis, Vázquez says she’s nowhere near back to normal. Once an avid runner, she now suffers from chronic fatigue syndrome, bouts of confusion, sleep apnea, heart palpitations, and severe migraines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the National Institute of Health’s $1 billion initiative to gather more data on the long-term consequences of COVID in early 2021, reports of long COVID-19 have been on the rise. This November, KQED Forum’s Lesley McClurg\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886578/what-science-tells-us-about-the-mysteries-of-long-covid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> spoke with experts and a patient on what is currently known and being researched about the long-term effects of the virus\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Angela Meriquez Vázquez,\u003c/strong> long-haul COVID patient\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan,\u003c/strong> neurologist and chief resident of psychiatry at UCSF\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh,\u003c/strong> infectious disease expert at Stanford University\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger,\u003c/strong> associate professor at Johns Hopkins Institute of Bioethics\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What do we know about long COVID-19? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh:\u003c/strong> We’re at the beginning of a long road. We only know some things about long COVID. We know that it’s a real condition, and that people feel terrible and they have multiple symptoms. We know that everybody with long COVID can present differently. We also know that people who had mild disease with COVID can get long COVID. It’s not limited just to people who had severe illness in the ICU.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know the vaccines are effective and safe, and they decrease the symptoms that people get even if they have breakthrough infections. So anybody who’s vaccinated and gets a breakthrough infection is more likely to have milder symptoms and prevent hospitalization and death. We do think that people who have breakthrough infections may still be able to get long COVID, but the hope is that their symptoms are milder and that their resolution is faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger:\u003c/strong> There’s some indication that vaccinated individuals who have COVID symptoms have a lesser chance of developing long COVID. But a lot of the literature is difficult to interpret, and it’s still in the early days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have to see the right kind of evidence, and then when a patient needs answers, we try to get them answers. But long COVID is very difficult clinically. People want answers, and sometimes they don’t even have a doctor to go to and can’t even get testing, and that’s where we need to work just as hard as we do determining which tests to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Is Long COVID-19 psychosomatic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> We have to be very humble when discussing mental health and long COVID because, at least from the patients I’ve taken care of, I can’t imagine that this is entirely generated by a primary psychiatric illness. We also know that there are these abnormal markers when we are looking at research studies that suggest that there’s more going on beyond psychiatric manifestations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard for an ailing body not to then generate an ailing emotional response. I haven’t taken care of a long COVID patient who doesn’t have anxiety and depression. Many people who had anxiety and depression before they had long COVID have experienced worsened symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899907\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11899907\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A nurse in PPE rests their hands on a railing inside of a triage center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS42205_004_KQED_Richmond_Kaiser_03192020_-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Registered nurse Angelo Daulat at Kaiser Permanente in Richmond where patients with respiratory symptoms are being triaged, on Thursday, Mar. 19, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What is the best approach to long COVID-19 care?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh:\u003c/strong> Now, a year and a half into the pandemic, we have an understanding that there is a very real, very physical condition called long COVID. I would really encourage individuals to talk to their primary care physicians, and if their primary care physicians are not comfortable with or don’t have the experience with long COVID, seek out a long COVID clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although two different long COVID patients can experience some overlap, their symptoms are often quite distinct. So you do really need a multidisciplinary approach where you can have a central provider who has some expertise in long COVID, who can then call in a neurologist if you’re having neurological issues or call in a cardiologist if you’re having cardiac issues. This is a very tough disease to go through alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> Along with Dr. Jobs, a palliative care physician at UCSF, I run a long COVID integrative medicine skills group for recovery, so we’ve seen a lot of long COVID patients.\u003cbr>\nUnfortunately, Angela’s story is nothing rare. I wish that we heard stories that were different from hers, but we had many, many participants who have been suffering and felt invisible, unheard and really invalidated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We bring people together with knowledgeable physicians to think about how we’re going to tackle long COVID together. We looked at what interventions have worked in other chronic conditions where people have increased inflammation or an over-activated, sympathetic nervous system, and we decided we wanted to emphasize interventions like mindfulness, coping strategies, and cognitive behavioral therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important part of this recipe was bringing people with long COVID together into the same space so they could teach each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What is causing long COVID-19?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger:\u003c/strong> We must understand long COVID as a multi-domain phenomenon. So there’s the individual body of the person that undergoes a variety of symptoms which can be really unique from person to person. Then there’s the social body; the collective. The collective is more than just the sum of individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID has been a social phenomenon that has affected many groups in our society. So, COVID and long COVID acts on multiple levels at once, which makes it hard to define and to treat. This means that these symptoms of long COVID are exacerbated by social phenomena, which people tend to overlook as outside the realm of medicine, and that’s completely false. This leads us to a concentration on biomedical solutions when there’s a lot that needs to be done for patients suffering from long COVID that’s not made in a lab or found in a lab test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Will long COVID-19 care affect care for other chronic illnesses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> Long COVID is bringing all of these other long-haul illnesses out from the shadows. However, our medical system has had difficulty with understanding how we treat this population, and I am very hopeful that all of this research and all of this thought being put into long COVID will help us to expand how we can help people who’ve identified with post-viral post-infectious syndromes for 20 or 30 years and have felt really abandoned by our medical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Long COVID-19 moving forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zackary Berger:\u003c/strong> Because long COVID as a disease that develops in time differently from person to person, it requires a multidisciplinary team of people. Relief of pain is really important. Physical activity is really important, and providing specific treatment for symptoms like myocarditis and lung conditions associated with long COVID is really important. Unfortunately, there isn’t one specific answer to long COVID, but there are treatments out for their very specific things. Sometimes what works best is an incremental approach to chronic symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juliet Morgan:\u003c/strong> There isn’t a one size fits all approach to long COVID; it’s about finding a provider, a practitioner that you feel is hearing you and that you develop with that person a plan for each of the issues going on with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upinder Singh:\u003c/strong> We want to be careful that we aren’t too quick to diagnose people who develop symptoms after having an episode of COVID as having long COVID. Part of engaging with a primary care provider is to make sure there’s no underlying issue. We’ve been in a pandemic for 18 months and people have developed hypothyroidism or other cardiac issues during that time that may be causing their symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed on Friday declared a state of emergency in the beleaguered Tenderloin neighborhood, a move she said will allow the city to avoid bureaucratic red tape in efforts to address both a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">drug overdose crisis\u003c/a> and acts of violence and crime in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-declares-state-emergency-tenderloin\">the declaration\u003c/a> will give the city authority to “waive certain laws,” making it easier to move people off the streets and into new, temporary drug and mental health treatment sites in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too many people are dying in this city, too many people are sprawled over our streets,” Breed said at a press conference at City Hall on Friday afternoon. “There are a number of things that this city is going to do to address public safety, and part of that is a police response. … But the other part is being aggressive about getting people into services and support, and not allowing what has happened on our streets to continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 712 people in San Francisco died of drug overdoses, compared with 257 people who died of COVID-19, according to data released by the city’s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 600 [overdose deaths] and counting this year,” Breed said, noting that a significant percentage of them have occurred in the Tenderloin and SoMa neighborhoods. “When we look at the conditions on our streets, it’s heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data also shows stark racial disparities, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/San-Francisco-s-overdose-epidemic-16434757.php\">Black San Franciscans nearly six times more likely than people of other races in the city to die of accidental overdoses\u003c/a> — a discrepancy health officials attribute to deep-seated structural racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among the effects of structural racism are years of unjust drug policies that punish rather than offer care, unaffordable housing, poverty, inequitable access to effective treatments for opioid-use disorder, and discriminatory practices in the healthcare system,” a city Department of Public Health spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">told KQED in an email last month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"tenderloin\"]“We are losing over two people a day to drug overdoses, mostly to fentanyl, and mostly in the Tenderloin and SoMa,” said Supervisor Matt Haney, who represents the district, in a statement on Friday. “This is a public health emergency demanding a crisis level response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency declaration must be ratified by the Board of Supervisors within a week, and won’t take effect for longer than 90 days, according to the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes just days after Breed and Police Chief Bill Scott announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899060/vowing-to-end-reign-of-criminals-destroying-our-city-sf-mayor-breed-announces-latest-tenderloin-crackdown\">a new public safety strategy\u003c/a> calling for a “tough love” approach to the Tenderloin, one that involves putting more police officers on the street, giving them greater access to real-time surveillance and generally being, in the mayor’s own words, “less tolerant of all the bulls— that has destroyed our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting more police on the street will require more funding — a move that comes roughly a year and a half since Breed championed a plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11862094/sf-mayor-breed-unveils-plan-for-reinvesting-120-million-from-police-into-black-communities\">divert $120 million\u003c/a> away from law enforcement. Increased patrols in the Tenderloin, Chief Scott said earlier this week, would also mean an end to ignoring public drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a string of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897148/rash-of-organized-weekend-robberies-target-luxury-stores-across-the-bay-area\">organized mass shoplifting incidents\u003c/a> in neighboring Union Square last month that drew national media attention — much to the consternation of city leaders — police have flooded the area, driving down thefts by some 80%, while racking up roughly 8,000 hours in officer overtime at a cost of more than $850,000, the department told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he supported a surge of police in his own district, Haney said public health services should take priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t here today to support an influx of cops,” he said after Breed’s announcement. “I was here today to support an influx of social workers and public health professionals and treatment facilities and confronting this deadly epidemic as the public health epidemic that it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe in incarcerating people for being addicted to drugs,” Haney added. “If people feel like somebody who’s coming up to them to help them with their addiction has a pair of handcuffs and is also thinking about maybe locking them up in a cell, that person is not going to seek help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making her case Friday, Breed hearkened back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101876065/san-francisco-declares-coronavirus-state-of-emergency\">state of emergency\u003c/a> she declared for the city at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020. Breed said that move — which allowed San Francisco health officials to rapidly set up a COVID-19 command center, among other precautionary actions — was a major reason the city has one of the lowest COVID-19-related death rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to meet people where they are,” Breed said Friday. “We can’t wait for something to be set up. We can’t wait for something to go through a layered process. We have to move quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among local community activists, reaction to Breed’s declaration has been mixed, at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness, slammed the mayor’s strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really clear that Mayor Breed is vilifying and degrading people who are living in poverty,” she said, calling it a shortsighted political response to the “misleading flood of media hysteria around crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that she’s going to be going after unhoused people. She’s going to be enforcing sit-lie laws. She’s going to go after substance users,” Friedenbach added. “What we believe is going to happen with this increase in police presence, it’s going to disproportionately impact Black and Brown unhoused community members who are, due to a lack of dignified housing options, forced to live out their private lives in public spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Francisco,_California,_Proposition_C,_Gross_Receipts_Tax_for_Homelessness_Services_(November_2018)\"> Proposition C\u003c/a>, the 2018 voter-approved measure that directs hundreds of millions of dollars a year to pay for services for unhoused people in the city, Friedenbach said Breed was already “sitting on very carefully crafted solutions to these issues that the community has been calling for, with feedback and expertise from unhoused community members themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, the mayor is relying on an overused tough-on-crime approach that will punish rather than help people most in need, and do little to address the root causes of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing new,” Friedenbach said of Breed’s strategy. “This is not changing course. This is literally doing a tried and failed policy that’s already failed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara, Matthew Green and Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed on Friday declared a state of emergency in the beleaguered Tenderloin neighborhood, a move she said will allow the city to avoid bureaucratic red tape in efforts to address both a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">drug overdose crisis\u003c/a> and acts of violence and crime in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-declares-state-emergency-tenderloin\">the declaration\u003c/a> will give the city authority to “waive certain laws,” making it easier to move people off the streets and into new, temporary drug and mental health treatment sites in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too many people are dying in this city, too many people are sprawled over our streets,” Breed said at a press conference at City Hall on Friday afternoon. “There are a number of things that this city is going to do to address public safety, and part of that is a police response. … But the other part is being aggressive about getting people into services and support, and not allowing what has happened on our streets to continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 712 people in San Francisco died of drug overdoses, compared with 257 people who died of COVID-19, according to data released by the city’s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 600 [overdose deaths] and counting this year,” Breed said, noting that a significant percentage of them have occurred in the Tenderloin and SoMa neighborhoods. “When we look at the conditions on our streets, it’s heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data also shows stark racial disparities, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/San-Francisco-s-overdose-epidemic-16434757.php\">Black San Franciscans nearly six times more likely than people of other races in the city to die of accidental overdoses\u003c/a> — a discrepancy health officials attribute to deep-seated structural racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among the effects of structural racism are years of unjust drug policies that punish rather than offer care, unaffordable housing, poverty, inequitable access to effective treatments for opioid-use disorder, and discriminatory practices in the healthcare system,” a city Department of Public Health spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">told KQED in an email last month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We are losing over two people a day to drug overdoses, mostly to fentanyl, and mostly in the Tenderloin and SoMa,” said Supervisor Matt Haney, who represents the district, in a statement on Friday. “This is a public health emergency demanding a crisis level response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency declaration must be ratified by the Board of Supervisors within a week, and won’t take effect for longer than 90 days, according to the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes just days after Breed and Police Chief Bill Scott announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899060/vowing-to-end-reign-of-criminals-destroying-our-city-sf-mayor-breed-announces-latest-tenderloin-crackdown\">a new public safety strategy\u003c/a> calling for a “tough love” approach to the Tenderloin, one that involves putting more police officers on the street, giving them greater access to real-time surveillance and generally being, in the mayor’s own words, “less tolerant of all the bulls— that has destroyed our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting more police on the street will require more funding — a move that comes roughly a year and a half since Breed championed a plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11862094/sf-mayor-breed-unveils-plan-for-reinvesting-120-million-from-police-into-black-communities\">divert $120 million\u003c/a> away from law enforcement. Increased patrols in the Tenderloin, Chief Scott said earlier this week, would also mean an end to ignoring public drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a string of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897148/rash-of-organized-weekend-robberies-target-luxury-stores-across-the-bay-area\">organized mass shoplifting incidents\u003c/a> in neighboring Union Square last month that drew national media attention — much to the consternation of city leaders — police have flooded the area, driving down thefts by some 80%, while racking up roughly 8,000 hours in officer overtime at a cost of more than $850,000, the department told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he supported a surge of police in his own district, Haney said public health services should take priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t here today to support an influx of cops,” he said after Breed’s announcement. “I was here today to support an influx of social workers and public health professionals and treatment facilities and confronting this deadly epidemic as the public health epidemic that it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe in incarcerating people for being addicted to drugs,” Haney added. “If people feel like somebody who’s coming up to them to help them with their addiction has a pair of handcuffs and is also thinking about maybe locking them up in a cell, that person is not going to seek help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making her case Friday, Breed hearkened back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101876065/san-francisco-declares-coronavirus-state-of-emergency\">state of emergency\u003c/a> she declared for the city at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020. Breed said that move — which allowed San Francisco health officials to rapidly set up a COVID-19 command center, among other precautionary actions — was a major reason the city has one of the lowest COVID-19-related death rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to meet people where they are,” Breed said Friday. “We can’t wait for something to be set up. We can’t wait for something to go through a layered process. We have to move quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among local community activists, reaction to Breed’s declaration has been mixed, at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness, slammed the mayor’s strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really clear that Mayor Breed is vilifying and degrading people who are living in poverty,” she said, calling it a shortsighted political response to the “misleading flood of media hysteria around crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that she’s going to be going after unhoused people. She’s going to be enforcing sit-lie laws. She’s going to go after substance users,” Friedenbach added. “What we believe is going to happen with this increase in police presence, it’s going to disproportionately impact Black and Brown unhoused community members who are, due to a lack of dignified housing options, forced to live out their private lives in public spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Francisco,_California,_Proposition_C,_Gross_Receipts_Tax_for_Homelessness_Services_(November_2018)\"> Proposition C\u003c/a>, the 2018 voter-approved measure that directs hundreds of millions of dollars a year to pay for services for unhoused people in the city, Friedenbach said Breed was already “sitting on very carefully crafted solutions to these issues that the community has been calling for, with feedback and expertise from unhoused community members themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, the mayor is relying on an overused tough-on-crime approach that will punish rather than help people most in need, and do little to address the root causes of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing new,” Friedenbach said of Breed’s strategy. “This is not changing course. This is literally doing a tried and failed policy that’s already failed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara, Matthew Green and Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "dr-anthony-fauci-talks-omicron-and-the-critical-need-for-booster-shots",
"title": "Dr. Anthony Fauci Talks Omicron and the Critical Need for Booster Shots",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is bracing for another potential winter surge of COVID-19 cases courtesy of the omicron variant, a new strain of the virus believed to be highly infectious and less responsive to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising rate of new infections throughout the state — albeit, much slower than last year — prompted state health officials on Monday to announce a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11898949/california-brings-back-temporary-statewide-indoor-mask-mandate-as-omicron-cases-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new, temporary statewide indoor mask mandate\u003c/a> through Jan. 15 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">with major exemptions for five Bay Area counties\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions come amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of recent studies\u003c/a> that indicate both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are much less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But the initial findings also suggest that getting a booster of either vaccine significantly increases protection.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Anthony Fauci, President Biden's chief medical adviser\"]‘I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this.’[/pullquote]To make some sense of the latest developments in this pandemic that just won’t seem to quit, and get a general idea of where things currently stand on the medical front, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886902/dr-anthony-fauci-on-the-fight-against-omicron\">KQED Forum’s Mina Kim spoke earlier this week with Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/a>, President Biden’s chief medical adviser and the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mina Kim: Why don’t you think we need an omicron-specific vaccine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/strong>: When you’re talking about infection, a two-dose mRNA vaccine has a rather diminished efficacy in preventing infection, which, when you’re talking about severe disease, it goes up to about 70% against hospitalization. But when you get boosted, it goes up even further, closer to 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, our current vaccines, which are directed against the original ancestral virus, appear to do quite well against any of the variants that we faced — the alpha, the beta and then the formidable delta variant that’s the current dominant variant in the United States. At this point, unless things change, which I really don’t think they will, if we get our population boosted, even with omicron on the horizon, which will likely be taking over in dominance if it acts in the United States anything like it’s acting in South Africa and in the U.K., we should have a predominance of omicron here. If we get boosted, I believe we’ll be able to get through this OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve got to get people boosted. We have 60 million people in this country who are unvaccinated, who are eligible to be vaccinated. And even though we’ve given a booster to about 40 million people, there are still close to 100 million people who should be getting boosted that we need to get boosted in the next few weeks to a month as we get further into the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how do we solve that quickly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this. I’m going to be talking about it [Wednesday] at the White House press briefing. We have to keep bringing home the message to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, as we all know, sadly, we have a lot of resistance to vaccination in this country. I have 60 million people who are eligible for vaccination who aren’t being vaccinated. We’ve got to get them to understand why it’s important for their own health, for their family and for their communal responsibility to keep this outbreak under control. We have to just keep trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much of a game changer is the news from Pfizer this week that its COVID pill will protect against severe disease, even from omicron? That it reduces the risk of hospitalization and death by 89% if given within three days of onset of symptoms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that’s very good news. I mean, there’s no doubt about that. It’s an orally administered tablet, which is really important because you want to have something that’s easily distributed and administered to people. And the data are very strong. I went over the data personally with the chief scientist of Pfizer just early this morning before they made the announcement. And the data look very strong. Just as you say, it’s close to 90% effective. And in the study, there were no deaths in the treatment group and several deaths in the placebo group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve got to get it now to get an emergency-use authorization from the FDA and then get enough of it produced so that it could be widely available not only in the United States, but globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it time to double down on treatments, given the fact that vaccines have not been as effective as we hoped because of the slow uptake you alluded to earlier?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines are effective, to be sure, but you’re right that as a community, we never want treatment to be a substitute for vaccination. I think we need to make that clear so that people don’t get the impression that, now that we have treatments that appear to be quite favorable in preventing severe disease, that you can forget about vaccination. But having said that, it is very, very important that we have not only this product, which looks very favorable for the reasons you just mentioned. But we need to continue to make both screening products, as well as developing and discovering new products. We have a rather substantial program here at NIH doing just that — because of the importance of developing therapeutics as well as vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The studies \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/health/britain-omicron.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">out of the U.K.\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/12/14/south-africa-omicron-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South Africa\u003c/a> also highlight the incredible transmissibility of omicron. California’s seven-day average case rate has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR21-352.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased by 47%\u003c/a> and hospitalizations by 14%. State officials are saying that our current hospital census has us at or over capacity in many regions of the state. How concerned should we be about our health care delivery system being impacted by omicron?\u003c/strong>[aside postID=\"news_11899150,news_11898949,forum_2010101886902\" label=\"Related Posts\"]Before we even think about omicron, we are in a difficult situation with delta. Ninety-nine-point-five percent of all of the isolates that we are currently facing are because of delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to do all the things that you’re trying to do in California. I think the mask mandate was a very good idea. You have to keep pushing to get people not only to be vaccinated or not vaccinated, but get people boosted. Boosting is extraordinarily important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination may not prevent all infections, but it really goes a long way to get people to not have to go to the hospital. Since California is facing a difficult situation — you really want to keep people out of the hospital. The best way to do that is to get people vaccinated and boosted. Omicron will likely in the next month or so push delta off the table. It did that in South Africa, and it’s doing that in the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has a doubling time of about three days or so, which means that even if you start off with a very, very small percentage of the omicron, after a period of time, when you do the math on that doubling time, pretty soon you’ll have it as the dominant variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think other states should follow California’s mask mandate for all indoor public spaces? Should we have a universal mask rule again for the country?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each individual state should be making their own decisions. I think your health authorities made a very prudent decision that I agree with. Depending upon the situation in other states, individual states should evaluate their situation and make decisions based on the data in their own state. But as far as California goes, I think they made the correct decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even with omicron’s ability to evade antibodies — the waning effectiveness of some therapeutics that you have mentioned in the past and the reality that small surges can mean big problems for hospitals — do you still see us in a substantially different place than we were last winter? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we didn’t have the vaccines, even though we haven’t completely solved the problem, we would be in an unthinkable disaster right. We are in a much better place because of the tools that we have. Last winter, we were just beginning in the transition. President Biden took over the distribution and further the acceleration of production of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in a different, more favorable place right now. One cannot imagine where we would be if we did not have vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Just looking for a little hope as we all gather for the holidays.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>It sounds like you see a sign or two, at least?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course. Last year at this time over Christmas, my adult children were in different parts of the country, and they were not vaccinated because vaccines were not available. That was the first Christmas since their birth that I didn’t spend with my own children — and that’s different this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of us, my wife and I and my children are vaccinated. We’re boosted. And they’re coming in for the holidays and we’re going to be spending Christmas together this year. That’s the big difference between last winter and this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is bracing for another potential winter surge of COVID-19 cases courtesy of the omicron variant, a new strain of the virus believed to be highly infectious and less responsive to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising rate of new infections throughout the state — albeit, much slower than last year — prompted state health officials on Monday to announce a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11898949/california-brings-back-temporary-statewide-indoor-mask-mandate-as-omicron-cases-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new, temporary statewide indoor mask mandate\u003c/a> through Jan. 15 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">with major exemptions for five Bay Area counties\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions come amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of recent studies\u003c/a> that indicate both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are much less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But the initial findings also suggest that getting a booster of either vaccine significantly increases protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To make some sense of the latest developments in this pandemic that just won’t seem to quit, and get a general idea of where things currently stand on the medical front, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886902/dr-anthony-fauci-on-the-fight-against-omicron\">KQED Forum’s Mina Kim spoke earlier this week with Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/a>, President Biden’s chief medical adviser and the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mina Kim: Why don’t you think we need an omicron-specific vaccine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/strong>: When you’re talking about infection, a two-dose mRNA vaccine has a rather diminished efficacy in preventing infection, which, when you’re talking about severe disease, it goes up to about 70% against hospitalization. But when you get boosted, it goes up even further, closer to 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, our current vaccines, which are directed against the original ancestral virus, appear to do quite well against any of the variants that we faced — the alpha, the beta and then the formidable delta variant that’s the current dominant variant in the United States. At this point, unless things change, which I really don’t think they will, if we get our population boosted, even with omicron on the horizon, which will likely be taking over in dominance if it acts in the United States anything like it’s acting in South Africa and in the U.K., we should have a predominance of omicron here. If we get boosted, I believe we’ll be able to get through this OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve got to get people boosted. We have 60 million people in this country who are unvaccinated, who are eligible to be vaccinated. And even though we’ve given a booster to about 40 million people, there are still close to 100 million people who should be getting boosted that we need to get boosted in the next few weeks to a month as we get further into the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how do we solve that quickly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this. I’m going to be talking about it [Wednesday] at the White House press briefing. We have to keep bringing home the message to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, as we all know, sadly, we have a lot of resistance to vaccination in this country. I have 60 million people who are eligible for vaccination who aren’t being vaccinated. We’ve got to get them to understand why it’s important for their own health, for their family and for their communal responsibility to keep this outbreak under control. We have to just keep trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much of a game changer is the news from Pfizer this week that its COVID pill will protect against severe disease, even from omicron? That it reduces the risk of hospitalization and death by 89% if given within three days of onset of symptoms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that’s very good news. I mean, there’s no doubt about that. It’s an orally administered tablet, which is really important because you want to have something that’s easily distributed and administered to people. And the data are very strong. I went over the data personally with the chief scientist of Pfizer just early this morning before they made the announcement. And the data look very strong. Just as you say, it’s close to 90% effective. And in the study, there were no deaths in the treatment group and several deaths in the placebo group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve got to get it now to get an emergency-use authorization from the FDA and then get enough of it produced so that it could be widely available not only in the United States, but globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it time to double down on treatments, given the fact that vaccines have not been as effective as we hoped because of the slow uptake you alluded to earlier?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines are effective, to be sure, but you’re right that as a community, we never want treatment to be a substitute for vaccination. I think we need to make that clear so that people don’t get the impression that, now that we have treatments that appear to be quite favorable in preventing severe disease, that you can forget about vaccination. But having said that, it is very, very important that we have not only this product, which looks very favorable for the reasons you just mentioned. But we need to continue to make both screening products, as well as developing and discovering new products. We have a rather substantial program here at NIH doing just that — because of the importance of developing therapeutics as well as vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The studies \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/health/britain-omicron.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">out of the U.K.\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/12/14/south-africa-omicron-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South Africa\u003c/a> also highlight the incredible transmissibility of omicron. California’s seven-day average case rate has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR21-352.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased by 47%\u003c/a> and hospitalizations by 14%. State officials are saying that our current hospital census has us at or over capacity in many regions of the state. How concerned should we be about our health care delivery system being impacted by omicron?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Before we even think about omicron, we are in a difficult situation with delta. Ninety-nine-point-five percent of all of the isolates that we are currently facing are because of delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to do all the things that you’re trying to do in California. I think the mask mandate was a very good idea. You have to keep pushing to get people not only to be vaccinated or not vaccinated, but get people boosted. Boosting is extraordinarily important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination may not prevent all infections, but it really goes a long way to get people to not have to go to the hospital. Since California is facing a difficult situation — you really want to keep people out of the hospital. The best way to do that is to get people vaccinated and boosted. Omicron will likely in the next month or so push delta off the table. It did that in South Africa, and it’s doing that in the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has a doubling time of about three days or so, which means that even if you start off with a very, very small percentage of the omicron, after a period of time, when you do the math on that doubling time, pretty soon you’ll have it as the dominant variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think other states should follow California’s mask mandate for all indoor public spaces? Should we have a universal mask rule again for the country?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each individual state should be making their own decisions. I think your health authorities made a very prudent decision that I agree with. Depending upon the situation in other states, individual states should evaluate their situation and make decisions based on the data in their own state. But as far as California goes, I think they made the correct decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even with omicron’s ability to evade antibodies — the waning effectiveness of some therapeutics that you have mentioned in the past and the reality that small surges can mean big problems for hospitals — do you still see us in a substantially different place than we were last winter? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we didn’t have the vaccines, even though we haven’t completely solved the problem, we would be in an unthinkable disaster right. We are in a much better place because of the tools that we have. Last winter, we were just beginning in the transition. President Biden took over the distribution and further the acceleration of production of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in a different, more favorable place right now. One cannot imagine where we would be if we did not have vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Just looking for a little hope as we all gather for the holidays.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>It sounds like you see a sign or two, at least?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course. Last year at this time over Christmas, my adult children were in different parts of the country, and they were not vaccinated because vaccines were not available. That was the first Christmas since their birth that I didn’t spend with my own children — and that’s different this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of us, my wife and I and my children are vaccinated. We’re boosted. And they’re coming in for the holidays and we’re going to be spending Christmas together this year. That’s the big difference between last winter and this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Santa Clara County public health officials on Thursday urged residents to get COVID-19 vaccine booster shots ahead of what they fear may be a widespread surge of new infections due to the omicron variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I look around the corner ahead, what I see is a deluge of omicron,” said Dr. Sara Cody, the county’s director of public health, in an afternoon press conference. “What I see is perhaps one of the most challenging moments we’ve had yet in the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cody said the county has recorded only 10 cases of the omicron variant — none of which required hospitalization — she pointed to two factors that portend a surge in infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, omicron has now been detected in all four sewer sheds that county officials monitor, Cody said, indicating that the variant is present to some degree across most of the county’s population. Cody also pointed to the recent sharp spike in infection rates in highly vaccinated European countries, such as Norway and Denmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies indicate that both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But tests also show that the heightened levels of antibodies in the blood of patients who received a booster shot of either vaccine have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">largely \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">been \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">successful in blocking the variant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11896107 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1234850823-1020x680.jpg']“We recommend booster shots for everybody who is eligible,” Cody said. “What’s really, really important to understand is that it’s the booster that increases your protection again, and makes it much less likely that you’ll go to the hospital or die, and much less likely that you’ll spread the infection to someone who is at greater risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she also emphasized that boosters alone are not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about layers of prevention,” Cody said. “No single strategy works. We have to combine them. So in addition to vaccination and boosting, it’s so important to mask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County was not among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\">five Bay Area counties granted an exemption\u003c/a> this week to California’s new indoor mask mandate, meaning that people in the county must wear masks in most indoor public settings, regardless of vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an eye to the upcoming holidays, Cody also recommended getting a rapid test before gathering indoors with others, and only gathering with those who also have been vaccinated and boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Fenstersheib, the county’s COVID-19 vaccine officer, said 80% of the county’s entire population has now been fully vaccinated. But as for boosters, “[we’re] not doing as well,” he said, noting that only 44% of eligible county residents 18 and older have received one so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fenstersheib also noted the stark disparity in booster shot rates among the county’s Black and Latino residents as compared to Asian and white people. Roughly 50% of eligible Asian and white residents have received boosters, he said, compared to only 35% of eligible Black and Latino residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have much work to be done in reaching out to communities in Santa Clara County, especially Latino and African American communities,” he said.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Officials emphasized that booster shots have been found to significantly increase protection against the new variant, and implored residents to continue wearing masks and getting tested frequently.",
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"title": "Expecting 'Deluge of Omicron,' Santa Clara County Health Officials Urge Booster Shots, Masking | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Santa Clara County public health officials on Thursday urged residents to get COVID-19 vaccine booster shots ahead of what they fear may be a widespread surge of new infections due to the omicron variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I look around the corner ahead, what I see is a deluge of omicron,” said Dr. Sara Cody, the county’s director of public health, in an afternoon press conference. “What I see is perhaps one of the most challenging moments we’ve had yet in the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cody said the county has recorded only 10 cases of the omicron variant — none of which required hospitalization — she pointed to two factors that portend a surge in infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, omicron has now been detected in all four sewer sheds that county officials monitor, Cody said, indicating that the variant is present to some degree across most of the county’s population. Cody also pointed to the recent sharp spike in infection rates in highly vaccinated European countries, such as Norway and Denmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies indicate that both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But tests also show that the heightened levels of antibodies in the blood of patients who received a booster shot of either vaccine have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">largely \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">been \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">successful in blocking the variant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We recommend booster shots for everybody who is eligible,” Cody said. “What’s really, really important to understand is that it’s the booster that increases your protection again, and makes it much less likely that you’ll go to the hospital or die, and much less likely that you’ll spread the infection to someone who is at greater risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she also emphasized that boosters alone are not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about layers of prevention,” Cody said. “No single strategy works. We have to combine them. So in addition to vaccination and boosting, it’s so important to mask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County was not among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\">five Bay Area counties granted an exemption\u003c/a> this week to California’s new indoor mask mandate, meaning that people in the county must wear masks in most indoor public settings, regardless of vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an eye to the upcoming holidays, Cody also recommended getting a rapid test before gathering indoors with others, and only gathering with those who also have been vaccinated and boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Fenstersheib, the county’s COVID-19 vaccine officer, said 80% of the county’s entire population has now been fully vaccinated. But as for boosters, “[we’re] not doing as well,” he said, noting that only 44% of eligible county residents 18 and older have received one so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fenstersheib also noted the stark disparity in booster shot rates among the county’s Black and Latino residents as compared to Asian and white people. Roughly 50% of eligible Asian and white residents have received boosters, he said, compared to only 35% of eligible Black and Latino residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have much work to be done in reaching out to communities in Santa Clara County, especially Latino and African American communities,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "can-virtual-reality-help-combat-racial-bias-in-health-care",
"title": "Can Virtual Reality Be Used to Combat Racial Bias in Health Care?",
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"content": "\u003cp>When you slip the virtual reality headset over your eyes and take hold of the hand controls, a middle-aged Black woman appears before you. When you move your hands, she moves hers. When you turn your head to the left, so does she.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are Monique Williams,” the VR narrator says. “Take a look at yourself in the mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a short Afro and you’re wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans. You’ve been experiencing a lot of pain in your right arm, the narrator tells you, but after you went to the doctor two weeks ago, the pain has gotten worse, so you’re heading back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you sit on a medical exam table, and a white doctor stands at her computer looking down at you. Her voice brims with contempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I can see in these notes that one of the other doctors on my team told you \u003cem>last time\u003c/em> that a lot of what you’re experiencing is because of your \u003cem>weight\u003c/em> and lack of exercise,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you try to tell her the pain is really bad and you need help right now, she looks at her cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listen, Monica. Uh, Monique,” she says. “As the professional here, I can say, I really don’t think you need anything other than to work on diet and exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MoniquePOV-e1639526962778.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A virtual reality program lets users experience racial bias as patient Monique Williams, a middle-aged Black woman. UCSF researchers hope virtual reality tools can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the VR narrator asks you how you feel, giving you a range of emoticons to choose from. The frustration, anger and embarrassment all are feelings behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor, 50, knows well from real life. She’s Black and has gone through the same experience as Monique at the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, I’ve gone in, I had some back pain and they will not prescribe pain meds because there’s a perception of drug-seeking behavior,” she said. “In those instances, I have felt that, ‘You don’t believe me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black patients overall are 22% less likely to be prescribed pain medication than white patients, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239747/\">according to an analysis of 20 years of research\u003c/a>. These treatment disparities are often traced to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\">bias among physicians\u003c/a>, many of whom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain\">research shows\u003c/a>, falsely believe Black people feel less pain than white people. Such beliefs and behaviors are seen across medical fields and can contribute to fatal consequences. Black people are more likely to die from conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=19\">heart disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=18\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-deaths.html\">COVID\u003c/a> compared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality might play a part in reversing trends like these, testing the simulation to see whether it can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826872/all-you-want-is-to-be-believed-the-impacts-of-unconscious-bias-in-health-care\">unconscious bias\u003c/a> among doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using emotion to bypass intellectual defenses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/news/tapping-virtual-reality-help-drive-equity-healthcare\">CULTIVATE\u003c/a>, short for Combating Unequal Treatment in Health Care Through Virtual Awareness and Training in Empathy. Researchers hypothesize virtual reality can interrupt the kinds of interactions patients like Monique have and may even do a better job than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\">existing training modules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kelly Taylor, behavioral scientist and co-leader of UCSF's CULTIVATE project\"]‘We’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad.’ We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.’[/pullquote]“Unconscious bias training is super popular,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the many medical institutions that now ask their staff and students to complete some form of it. California law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB65\">now mandates unconscious bias training for all maternity care providers\u003c/a> in an attempt to address the disparities in the state’s maternal and infant mortality rates: Black women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889997/new-momnibus-bill-wants-to-help-more-black-moms-survive-childbirth\">three times as likely to die\u003c/a> from childbirth-related complications compared to the state average, and Black and Native American babies are twice as likely to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law doesn’t specify what training should be used. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687518/\">Research is mixed\u003c/a> on the many variations of unconscious bias training that have been developed, and, Taylor says, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265967/\">jury is still out\u003c/a> on how well it works or whether it works at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don’t know much about dosing — how much it should take, how long we should do it to actually see a change in implicit bias,” she adds. “We do know that in some spaces, if it’s not carefully thought through, it can actually do more harm than good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show white men in particular may \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened\">feel shamed or threatened by diversity training\u003c/a>. They argue back or shut down, Taylor says — conversation over. With virtual reality, Taylor’s team thinks they can sidestep some of the brain’s intellectual defenses and trigger an empathy response instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad,'” Taylor said. “We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Scientist Kelly Taylor, a Black woman, uses a VR headset\" width=\"1108\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg 1108w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate unconscious bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Taylor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Can you teach empathy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is scientific debate around whether empathy is something that can be taught. Some social psychologists believe it’s a fixed trait, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm\">rooted in genetics\u003c/a>, and what we’re born with is what we have for life. But others, including Taylor and her team, believe whatever our innate capacity for empathy is, we can learn to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality, in particular, can be an effective tool for cultivating empathy, with some calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://cas.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/casEWP/documents/MS%202019.pdf#page=132\">the empathy machine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204494\">A Stanford study\u003c/a> showed that people who lost their homes in virtual reality developed long-lasting compassion for unhoused people in real life and were more willing to sign a petition for affordable housing. More than 86% of participants in a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2020/12000/Cultivating_Empathy_Through_Virtual_Reality_.36.aspx\">Columbia study\u003c/a> said VR enhanced their empathy for people of color after they inhabited the experience of a Black man interacting with police and being ignored in a job interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can intellectually understand something, but when you evoke an emotion, it scientifically interacts with a different part of your brain. It codes in your memory in a different way. It triggers different physiologic processes,” said Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF and an investigator on the research team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing stories in the news, seeing movies about how other people live and traveling to different states or countries all are things that allow us to connect with others, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing people differently, understanding something differently than the way we saw something in the first place is where empathy comes from,” she said. “So I think it is learnable and teachable, and more importantly, it’s encode-able: It becomes a part of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers caution that empathy is just one piece of what should be a comprehensive, ongoing approach to training health care providers about racism and bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change hearts and minds,” said Monique Jindal, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois Chicago, who believes individual bias training should be paired with education about the structural and systemic causes of racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She equates addressing unconscious bias with quitting smoking, which often involves multiple attempts and strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people need knowledge, some people need to be motivated, some people need to be scared by something,” she said. “There are a lot of things that go into someone being able to change the way that they are and the way that they’ve operated throughout the world their whole life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can building empathy lead to change in the doctor’s office?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers acknowledge that their VR simulation is only a starting point. The study is in its early phases and still needs to be refined and fully tested before it can be scaled and, ultimately, given away for free to whatever institutions wish to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they want to see whether it sparks an empathy response, and whether that might lead to even small changes in how doctors interact with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened for one of the first white doctors who tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mike Reid placed the VR headset over his head and became Monique Williams, his breathing quickened almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in the body of a Black woman. I’ve got boobs and I feel different as I look at myself in the mirror,” said Reid, an infectious disease doctor at UCSF and co-principal investigator on the study, along with Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes in the virtual clinic, being ignored by the receptionist and failing to get the doctor to take his pain seriously, he’s visibly flustered. He looks like he just ran to catch a bus, but still missed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Viscerally, it was very uncomfortable,” he said. “I felt uncomfortable about the lack of eye contact and what felt like contempt or dismissiveness. I could feel my blood pressure rising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woman of color watches as white man uses VR headset in medical office\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nova Wilson, program coordinator for the UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, instructs Dr. Mike Reid on using virtual reality equipment at UCSF offices in San Francisco on Dec. 10, 2021. The VR program is intended to teach doctors to have more empathy for their patients of color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right away, Reid starts reflecting on how he’s made his patients of color feel this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m embarrassed to say that I think these kinds of things happen all the time,” he said. “I keep people waiting. I’m not fully attentive to their needs because I’m distracted by a million other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR simulation includes what researchers call a “repair vignette,” where Monique goes back to the clinic and this time is treated with respect and kindness. The doctor asks her if she prefers to be called ‘Monique’ or ‘Ms. Williams.’ She sits down across from her at eye level. She listens and collaborates with her on finding an immediate solution to her pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid says these are changes he can make to his practice right away. Before this, seeing a patient was all about his own time and all the things he had to do. Now, he’s thinking about his patients of color and how precious their time is. He believes these adjustments will save time overall, for him and his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they feel respected and validated, you are more likely to be a confidante and trusted provider to them,” he said, “and the engagement is more likely to be productive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a long road from building trust and rapport to having a definitive impact on a person’s health, let alone reversing the statistics on racial disparities in disease outcomes and death. A large, long-term study is needed to see whether there’s a causal relationship there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So essentially, does our VR reduce health disparities? It’s a huge question,” Kelly Taylor said. “We’d love to be able to say, 10, five years even from now, that yes, it does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, if doctors say they’re going to do their work differently because of VR, even on a small scale, Taylor says, “We’d be satisfied with that outcome for now.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "UCSF researchers believe putting doctors in the shoes of their Black and Latinx patients will raise awareness of medical mistreatment and lead to improvements in care.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you slip the virtual reality headset over your eyes and take hold of the hand controls, a middle-aged Black woman appears before you. When you move your hands, she moves hers. When you turn your head to the left, so does she.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are Monique Williams,” the VR narrator says. “Take a look at yourself in the mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a short Afro and you’re wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans. You’ve been experiencing a lot of pain in your right arm, the narrator tells you, but after you went to the doctor two weeks ago, the pain has gotten worse, so you’re heading back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you sit on a medical exam table, and a white doctor stands at her computer looking down at you. Her voice brims with contempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I can see in these notes that one of the other doctors on my team told you \u003cem>last time\u003c/em> that a lot of what you’re experiencing is because of your \u003cem>weight\u003c/em> and lack of exercise,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you try to tell her the pain is really bad and you need help right now, she looks at her cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listen, Monica. Uh, Monique,” she says. “As the professional here, I can say, I really don’t think you need anything other than to work on diet and exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MoniquePOV-e1639526962778.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A virtual reality program lets users experience racial bias as patient Monique Williams, a middle-aged Black woman. UCSF researchers hope virtual reality tools can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the VR narrator asks you how you feel, giving you a range of emoticons to choose from. The frustration, anger and embarrassment all are feelings behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor, 50, knows well from real life. She’s Black and has gone through the same experience as Monique at the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, I’ve gone in, I had some back pain and they will not prescribe pain meds because there’s a perception of drug-seeking behavior,” she said. “In those instances, I have felt that, ‘You don’t believe me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black patients overall are 22% less likely to be prescribed pain medication than white patients, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239747/\">according to an analysis of 20 years of research\u003c/a>. These treatment disparities are often traced to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\">bias among physicians\u003c/a>, many of whom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain\">research shows\u003c/a>, falsely believe Black people feel less pain than white people. Such beliefs and behaviors are seen across medical fields and can contribute to fatal consequences. Black people are more likely to die from conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=19\">heart disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=18\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-deaths.html\">COVID\u003c/a> compared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality might play a part in reversing trends like these, testing the simulation to see whether it can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826872/all-you-want-is-to-be-believed-the-impacts-of-unconscious-bias-in-health-care\">unconscious bias\u003c/a> among doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using emotion to bypass intellectual defenses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/news/tapping-virtual-reality-help-drive-equity-healthcare\">CULTIVATE\u003c/a>, short for Combating Unequal Treatment in Health Care Through Virtual Awareness and Training in Empathy. Researchers hypothesize virtual reality can interrupt the kinds of interactions patients like Monique have and may even do a better job than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\">existing training modules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad.’ We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Unconscious bias training is super popular,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the many medical institutions that now ask their staff and students to complete some form of it. California law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB65\">now mandates unconscious bias training for all maternity care providers\u003c/a> in an attempt to address the disparities in the state’s maternal and infant mortality rates: Black women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889997/new-momnibus-bill-wants-to-help-more-black-moms-survive-childbirth\">three times as likely to die\u003c/a> from childbirth-related complications compared to the state average, and Black and Native American babies are twice as likely to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law doesn’t specify what training should be used. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687518/\">Research is mixed\u003c/a> on the many variations of unconscious bias training that have been developed, and, Taylor says, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265967/\">jury is still out\u003c/a> on how well it works or whether it works at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don’t know much about dosing — how much it should take, how long we should do it to actually see a change in implicit bias,” she adds. “We do know that in some spaces, if it’s not carefully thought through, it can actually do more harm than good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show white men in particular may \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened\">feel shamed or threatened by diversity training\u003c/a>. They argue back or shut down, Taylor says — conversation over. With virtual reality, Taylor’s team thinks they can sidestep some of the brain’s intellectual defenses and trigger an empathy response instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad,'” Taylor said. “We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Scientist Kelly Taylor, a Black woman, uses a VR headset\" width=\"1108\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg 1108w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate unconscious bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Taylor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Can you teach empathy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is scientific debate around whether empathy is something that can be taught. Some social psychologists believe it’s a fixed trait, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm\">rooted in genetics\u003c/a>, and what we’re born with is what we have for life. But others, including Taylor and her team, believe whatever our innate capacity for empathy is, we can learn to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality, in particular, can be an effective tool for cultivating empathy, with some calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://cas.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/casEWP/documents/MS%202019.pdf#page=132\">the empathy machine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204494\">A Stanford study\u003c/a> showed that people who lost their homes in virtual reality developed long-lasting compassion for unhoused people in real life and were more willing to sign a petition for affordable housing. More than 86% of participants in a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2020/12000/Cultivating_Empathy_Through_Virtual_Reality_.36.aspx\">Columbia study\u003c/a> said VR enhanced their empathy for people of color after they inhabited the experience of a Black man interacting with police and being ignored in a job interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can intellectually understand something, but when you evoke an emotion, it scientifically interacts with a different part of your brain. It codes in your memory in a different way. It triggers different physiologic processes,” said Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF and an investigator on the research team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing stories in the news, seeing movies about how other people live and traveling to different states or countries all are things that allow us to connect with others, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing people differently, understanding something differently than the way we saw something in the first place is where empathy comes from,” she said. “So I think it is learnable and teachable, and more importantly, it’s encode-able: It becomes a part of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers caution that empathy is just one piece of what should be a comprehensive, ongoing approach to training health care providers about racism and bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change hearts and minds,” said Monique Jindal, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois Chicago, who believes individual bias training should be paired with education about the structural and systemic causes of racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She equates addressing unconscious bias with quitting smoking, which often involves multiple attempts and strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people need knowledge, some people need to be motivated, some people need to be scared by something,” she said. “There are a lot of things that go into someone being able to change the way that they are and the way that they’ve operated throughout the world their whole life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can building empathy lead to change in the doctor’s office?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers acknowledge that their VR simulation is only a starting point. The study is in its early phases and still needs to be refined and fully tested before it can be scaled and, ultimately, given away for free to whatever institutions wish to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they want to see whether it sparks an empathy response, and whether that might lead to even small changes in how doctors interact with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened for one of the first white doctors who tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mike Reid placed the VR headset over his head and became Monique Williams, his breathing quickened almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in the body of a Black woman. I’ve got boobs and I feel different as I look at myself in the mirror,” said Reid, an infectious disease doctor at UCSF and co-principal investigator on the study, along with Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes in the virtual clinic, being ignored by the receptionist and failing to get the doctor to take his pain seriously, he’s visibly flustered. He looks like he just ran to catch a bus, but still missed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Viscerally, it was very uncomfortable,” he said. “I felt uncomfortable about the lack of eye contact and what felt like contempt or dismissiveness. I could feel my blood pressure rising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woman of color watches as white man uses VR headset in medical office\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nova Wilson, program coordinator for the UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, instructs Dr. Mike Reid on using virtual reality equipment at UCSF offices in San Francisco on Dec. 10, 2021. The VR program is intended to teach doctors to have more empathy for their patients of color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right away, Reid starts reflecting on how he’s made his patients of color feel this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m embarrassed to say that I think these kinds of things happen all the time,” he said. “I keep people waiting. I’m not fully attentive to their needs because I’m distracted by a million other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR simulation includes what researchers call a “repair vignette,” where Monique goes back to the clinic and this time is treated with respect and kindness. The doctor asks her if she prefers to be called ‘Monique’ or ‘Ms. Williams.’ She sits down across from her at eye level. She listens and collaborates with her on finding an immediate solution to her pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid says these are changes he can make to his practice right away. Before this, seeing a patient was all about his own time and all the things he had to do. Now, he’s thinking about his patients of color and how precious their time is. He believes these adjustments will save time overall, for him and his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they feel respected and validated, you are more likely to be a confidante and trusted provider to them,” he said, “and the engagement is more likely to be productive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a long road from building trust and rapport to having a definitive impact on a person’s health, let alone reversing the statistics on racial disparities in disease outcomes and death. A large, long-term study is needed to see whether there’s a causal relationship there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So essentially, does our VR reduce health disparities? It’s a huge question,” Kelly Taylor said. “We’d love to be able to say, 10, five years even from now, that yes, it does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, if doctors say they’re going to do their work differently because of VR, even on a small scale, Taylor says, “We’d be satisfied with that outcome for now.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "scores-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-as-school-mandate-deadlines-approach",
"title": "Scores of California Students Still Lack Proof of Vaccination as School Mandate Deadlines Approach",
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"headTitle": "Scores of California Students Still Lack Proof of Vaccination as School Mandate Deadlines Approach | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A handful of large California school districts are facing a potential crisis in the coming weeks: Thousands of their students 12 years and older have yet to provide proof of vaccination, despite looming deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those districts include West Contra Costa Unified (WCCUSD), as well those in Los Angeles, Sacramento and Oakland. As of last Wednesday, for instance, only 33% of WCCUSD’s students age 12 and older had verified that they had received both doses of the vaccine, which will be required to continue in-person education there beginning Jan. 3.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"LaResha Martin, chief academic officer, West Contra Costa Unified School District\"]‘The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers.’[/pullquote]That means weeks ahead of the district’s mandate deadline, the status of about 8,000 students remains unknown. Students who aren’t fully vaccinated by then will either have to enroll in the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/bay-area-district-among-first-in-state-to-keep-distance-learning-even-after-campuses-reopen/647422\">district’s independent study program\u003c/a> or leave the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that many families simply haven’t gotten around to submitting their children’s vaccination status. \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">The state touts that more than 70% of children age 12-17 have received at least one dose of the vaccine\u003c/a>, but parents must still submit their children’s proof of vaccination to districts with mandates to continue in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"8\">But the sheer number of people holding out so close to the deadline is stoking anxiety among officials in districts like WCCUSD, who fear that their short-staffed virtual education alternatives will be quickly overwhelmed by an onslaught of unvaccinated students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"9\">“The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers,” WCCUSD’s Chief Academic Officer LaResha Martin told EdSource. Superintendent Kenneth “Chris” Hurst, at a school board meeting last Wednesday, said he no longer believes the Jan. 3 deadline for the vaccine mandate is tenable, and intends to propose pushing the date back, possibly to July 2022 to align with the state’s student vaccine mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the district is boosting its outreach efforts and hosting vaccine clinics. Martin laid out some options for dealing with the potential flood of independent study students: The district will continue trying to quickly hire teachers, and could propose transferring unvaccinated teachers to the virtual academy — although those teachers are not required to move to different schools. Currently, 85% of school staff have provided proof of vaccination, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"13\">Similar situations are playing out in other districts throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"15\">In Los Angeles Unified — which enrolls about one-fifth of California’s students — some 34,000 students have not yet complied with the district’s vaccine mandate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-07/33-000-l-a-unified-have-not-provided-proof-of-covid-vaccination\" data-reader-unique-id=\"16\">The Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a> last week. That’s more than twice as many students as are currently enrolled in the district’s independent study program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While noting that more than 86% of its eligible students have been vaccinated, the district on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://achieve.lausd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4466&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=114452&PageID=1\" data-reader-unique-id=\"19\">announced a proposal\u003c/a> to allow unvaccinated students to continue in-person instruction until the 2022 fall semester, at which point they would have to enroll in independent study if still unvaccinated. That proposal will go before the school board on Dec. 14.[aside postID=\"news_11896682,mindshift_58766,news_11895014\" label=\"Related Posts\"]In Sacramento City Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/75-of-sacramento-city-unifieds-students-miss-vaccination-deadline\" data-reader-unique-id=\"21\">only a quarter\u003c/a> of middle and high school students turned in proof that they had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the district’s Nov. 30 deadline. That means more than 14,000 students 12 and older will have to potentially enroll in independent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"22\">And in Oakland Unified, about 40% of students 12 and older — some 6,000 students — have not yet submitted proof of vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2021/12/02/oaklands-student-vaccine-mandate-starts-jan-31-what-you-need-to-know/\" data-reader-unique-id=\"23\">Oaklandside reported earlier this month\u003c/a>, prompting the school board last week to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-schools-delays-student-covid-vaccine-requirement-deadline\">push back the district’s deadline\u003c/a> from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31. About 1,000 of those students have qualified for either a medical or religious exemption, district officials said — an exemption not offered by the West Contra Costa or LA districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"26\">Martin, WCCUSD’s chief academic officer, said the district has been scrambling since the start of the semester to hire enough teachers to meet the demand for its virtual academy. Even before the pandemic, however, the state and county faced a district-wide school staffing shortage, which only got worse over the last year, after many teachers and other employees left the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"27\">“We don’t have enough teachers. That’s just the bottom line,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"28\">The district is actively hiring teachers for its virtual academy. But among the hundreds of applicants who have responded to the district’s job listings, Martin said, only a handful are actually qualified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"29\">She said the academy, whose existence preceded the pandemic, was designed as a year-round option for the handful of families in the district who wanted a remote learning alternative for their children. It was not, however, designed to be a state-required independent study option for the entire district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"31\">Teachers and school staff “are doing a whole reset, adding new students to classes, trying to reorganize their school,” Martin said. “It’s a constant revolving door, and that’s not what it was originally designed for. I would hope people are understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/thousands-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-despite-school-deadlines/664510\">This story was originally published by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That means weeks ahead of the district’s mandate deadline, the status of about 8,000 students remains unknown. Students who aren’t fully vaccinated by then will either have to enroll in the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/bay-area-district-among-first-in-state-to-keep-distance-learning-even-after-campuses-reopen/647422\">district’s independent study program\u003c/a> or leave the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that many families simply haven’t gotten around to submitting their children’s vaccination status. \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">The state touts that more than 70% of children age 12-17 have received at least one dose of the vaccine\u003c/a>, but parents must still submit their children’s proof of vaccination to districts with mandates to continue in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"8\">But the sheer number of people holding out so close to the deadline is stoking anxiety among officials in districts like WCCUSD, who fear that their short-staffed virtual education alternatives will be quickly overwhelmed by an onslaught of unvaccinated students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"9\">“The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers,” WCCUSD’s Chief Academic Officer LaResha Martin told EdSource. Superintendent Kenneth “Chris” Hurst, at a school board meeting last Wednesday, said he no longer believes the Jan. 3 deadline for the vaccine mandate is tenable, and intends to propose pushing the date back, possibly to July 2022 to align with the state’s student vaccine mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the district is boosting its outreach efforts and hosting vaccine clinics. Martin laid out some options for dealing with the potential flood of independent study students: The district will continue trying to quickly hire teachers, and could propose transferring unvaccinated teachers to the virtual academy — although those teachers are not required to move to different schools. Currently, 85% of school staff have provided proof of vaccination, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"13\">Similar situations are playing out in other districts throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"15\">In Los Angeles Unified — which enrolls about one-fifth of California’s students — some 34,000 students have not yet complied with the district’s vaccine mandate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-07/33-000-l-a-unified-have-not-provided-proof-of-covid-vaccination\" data-reader-unique-id=\"16\">The Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a> last week. That’s more than twice as many students as are currently enrolled in the district’s independent study program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While noting that more than 86% of its eligible students have been vaccinated, the district on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://achieve.lausd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4466&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=114452&PageID=1\" data-reader-unique-id=\"19\">announced a proposal\u003c/a> to allow unvaccinated students to continue in-person instruction until the 2022 fall semester, at which point they would have to enroll in independent study if still unvaccinated. That proposal will go before the school board on Dec. 14.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Sacramento City Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/75-of-sacramento-city-unifieds-students-miss-vaccination-deadline\" data-reader-unique-id=\"21\">only a quarter\u003c/a> of middle and high school students turned in proof that they had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the district’s Nov. 30 deadline. That means more than 14,000 students 12 and older will have to potentially enroll in independent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"22\">And in Oakland Unified, about 40% of students 12 and older — some 6,000 students — have not yet submitted proof of vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2021/12/02/oaklands-student-vaccine-mandate-starts-jan-31-what-you-need-to-know/\" data-reader-unique-id=\"23\">Oaklandside reported earlier this month\u003c/a>, prompting the school board last week to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-schools-delays-student-covid-vaccine-requirement-deadline\">push back the district’s deadline\u003c/a> from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31. About 1,000 of those students have qualified for either a medical or religious exemption, district officials said — an exemption not offered by the West Contra Costa or LA districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"26\">Martin, WCCUSD’s chief academic officer, said the district has been scrambling since the start of the semester to hire enough teachers to meet the demand for its virtual academy. Even before the pandemic, however, the state and county faced a district-wide school staffing shortage, which only got worse over the last year, after many teachers and other employees left the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"27\">“We don’t have enough teachers. That’s just the bottom line,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"28\">The district is actively hiring teachers for its virtual academy. But among the hundreds of applicants who have responded to the district’s job listings, Martin said, only a handful are actually qualified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"29\">She said the academy, whose existence preceded the pandemic, was designed as a year-round option for the handful of families in the district who wanted a remote learning alternative for their children. It was not, however, designed to be a state-required independent study option for the entire district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"31\">Teachers and school staff “are doing a whole reset, adding new students to classes, trying to reorganize their school,” Martin said. “It’s a constant revolving door, and that’s not what it was originally designed for. I would hope people are understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/thousands-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-despite-school-deadlines/664510\">This story was originally published by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
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