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"content": "\u003cp>Eighteen-year-old vocalist and musician Anaí Morales — who uses the stage name Anaí Adina — isn't your typical mariachi. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her debut album “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Esperame-en-Cielo-Ana%C3%AD-Adina/dp/B07TT2NZ2L\">Esperame en el Cielo\u003c/a>” (\u003cem>Wait for Me in Heaven\u003c/em>) introduces classic motifs of love and heartbreak typically performed by much older, usually male musicians. She also includes songs about working in the fields, inspired by her upbringing in the Central Valley town of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/129148/new-film-on-cesar-chavez-evokes-memories-in-delano-for-original-farmworkers\">Delano, where Cesar Chavez began organizing workers\u003c/a> in the fields more than a half-century ago. [aside tag='mariachi' label='a traditional art']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales comes from a musical family. She and her sisters got their start at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/YouthMariachiMestizo/\">Mariachi Mestizo\u003c/a>, an award-winning youth ensemble founded by her parents in Delano. The group has performed at Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center. (Her father, Juan Morales, has played in some of the most famous Mariachi groups in the United States, including Mariachi Sol de Mexico and Mariachi Los Camperos).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales herself has won a number of competitions for voice, violin, and trumpet — including the “Shining Star” award at the highly competitive “Battle of the Mariachis” in San Juan Capistrano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales is starting at Harvard University this fall, where she took a break from orientation to talk to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> host Sasha Khokha. Here is an excerpt from that conversation, edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11770798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11770798 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38820_image_123986672-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38820_image_123986672-qut.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38820_image_123986672-qut-160x103.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anaí Morales with her family of musicians. Her parents, Leticia and Juan, teach music to kids at a studio in Delano. Morales' sisters are also musicians. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Anaí Adina)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Mariachi’s influence on kids from the Central Valley:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariachi music in general is a very important part of Mexican culture; it's present in everything that I do. I think mariachi in a community like Delano — which has a lot of Mexican immigrants and Filipino culture — gives kids a creative outlet and keeps them out of the gang violence that's present in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also nurturing to their cultural backgrounds, I think. A lot of kids enroll in the [mariachi] studio because their grandparents or their parents want them to play that music, or their grandparents and parents were mariachis, so it has a familial vibe to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in such a musical family helped shape my worldview and every aspect of my personality. I’m very grateful that it kept me close to my culture, especially being so far from home now. I know that I can easily connect to my family and my Mexican culture just by singing a mariachi song or listening to mariachi. It was also fun getting to spend a lot of time making music with my sisters. (Anaí 's sister, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11567779/at-17-this-mariachi-veteran-is-releasing-her-first-poetry-album\">Xochitl Morales\u003c/a>, is a spoken word artist who has also been featured on The California Report.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11770827\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11770827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morales has won a number of competitions for voice, violin, and trumpet — including the “Shining Star” award at the highly competitive “Battle of the Mariachis” in San Juan Capistrano. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Anaí Adina)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On singing about love and heartbreak as a young woman in a male-dominated genre:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't think there should ever be stereotypes about who can sing what. There's been a huge switch in mariachi, at least in the L.A. area, with a lot of all-female groups. That's something that wasn't around a few years ago, and so they've started to break the stereotype that mariachis are male. I'm lucky to have grown up in a household where my dad was the only male. My family is full of super strong women, with a grand total of 10 tías (\u003cem>aunts\u003c/em>). I also think that was important in helping me feel confident to sing whatever I wanted — songs that tell stories about falling in love, getting your heart broken, dying and joining your lover in heaven. They're very dramatic, and I think I'm a dramatic person. My parents used to say I'm a drama queen. I think the songs fit well with my personality, but they're also narratives that people can relate to. We've all been in love. We've all had our heart broken. We've all felt super emotional about something, and music is a way for me to express those feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On singing about the people of Delano: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the community is made up of Mexican immigrants; working in the fields is usually their daytime job, while some people work another job at night. Delano is not a wealthy community, but it is rich in culture, which has played a huge part in my music. I come from a community of people who work tirelessly to provide for their families and to ensure that their kids will have it better. That has inspired me not only to work hard for what I want in my music, but also to pursue higher education so that I can return to my community and give them what they deserve: the chance to seek better opportunities for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGnwfDgXkHA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On singing in Mixteco, one of the indigenous languages of Oaxaca:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am not fluent in Mixteco, so at times you can hear my accent or some mispronunciations. I did an internship last summer at a hospital in Oxnard, which is where many Oaxacan immigrants work in the strawberry fields. I helped translate what patients were saying to the doctors. Most of them speak only Mixteco; there is a Mixteco-to-Spanish translator, and I was the Spanish-to-English translator working with those patients. I definitely felt super connected to them and that I was able to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On studying at Harvard:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard is definitely a place where you can explore niche concentrations, so I have a feeling that whatever I go in studying is most likely going to change. I'm very open-minded about what I want to do with my life. Right now the goal is to become a doctor and go back to the [Central] Valley and offer [the people there] holistic and affordable medical services that they've been deprived of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='large' align='right' citation='Anaí Adina']'I know that I can easily connect to my family and my Mexican culture just by singing a mariachi song or listening to mariachi.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what’s next musically:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I tell people that I have an album out they always ask me if I want to study music. And I guess the answer is that I love music. It's been a huge part of my life forever and I can't really see my life in a world without music. I want to continue pursuing music, but more as a hobby. I'm still going to be playing mariachi [at Harvard with the university’s band, \u003ca href=\"https://mariachiveritasdeharvard.com/\">Mariachi Veritas de Harvard\u003c/a>]. But I'm also very passionate about medicine and science and math, so that might be a more practical route to take in terms of a career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My parents have never discouraged me from loving music to the extent that I do. They've been nothing but supportive of my music aspirations. But I've also seen how difficult it can be when your sole source of income is how many gigs you can get on one weekend. I know that that's not something that I want for myself. I want to help my family with any financial burdens they have once I graduate and get a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6P1Q1O7E8M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eighteen-year-old vocalist and musician Anaí Morales — who uses the stage name Anaí Adina — isn't your typical mariachi. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her debut album “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Esperame-en-Cielo-Ana%C3%AD-Adina/dp/B07TT2NZ2L\">Esperame en el Cielo\u003c/a>” (\u003cem>Wait for Me in Heaven\u003c/em>) introduces classic motifs of love and heartbreak typically performed by much older, usually male musicians. She also includes songs about working in the fields, inspired by her upbringing in the Central Valley town of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/129148/new-film-on-cesar-chavez-evokes-memories-in-delano-for-original-farmworkers\">Delano, where Cesar Chavez began organizing workers\u003c/a> in the fields more than a half-century ago. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales comes from a musical family. She and her sisters got their start at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/YouthMariachiMestizo/\">Mariachi Mestizo\u003c/a>, an award-winning youth ensemble founded by her parents in Delano. The group has performed at Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center. (Her father, Juan Morales, has played in some of the most famous Mariachi groups in the United States, including Mariachi Sol de Mexico and Mariachi Los Camperos).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales herself has won a number of competitions for voice, violin, and trumpet — including the “Shining Star” award at the highly competitive “Battle of the Mariachis” in San Juan Capistrano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morales is starting at Harvard University this fall, where she took a break from orientation to talk to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> host Sasha Khokha. Here is an excerpt from that conversation, edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11770798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11770798 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38820_image_123986672-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38820_image_123986672-qut.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38820_image_123986672-qut-160x103.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anaí Morales with her family of musicians. Her parents, Leticia and Juan, teach music to kids at a studio in Delano. Morales' sisters are also musicians. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Anaí Adina)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Mariachi’s influence on kids from the Central Valley:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariachi music in general is a very important part of Mexican culture; it's present in everything that I do. I think mariachi in a community like Delano — which has a lot of Mexican immigrants and Filipino culture — gives kids a creative outlet and keeps them out of the gang violence that's present in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also nurturing to their cultural backgrounds, I think. A lot of kids enroll in the [mariachi] studio because their grandparents or their parents want them to play that music, or their grandparents and parents were mariachis, so it has a familial vibe to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in such a musical family helped shape my worldview and every aspect of my personality. I’m very grateful that it kept me close to my culture, especially being so far from home now. I know that I can easily connect to my family and my Mexican culture just by singing a mariachi song or listening to mariachi. It was also fun getting to spend a lot of time making music with my sisters. (Anaí 's sister, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11567779/at-17-this-mariachi-veteran-is-releasing-her-first-poetry-album\">Xochitl Morales\u003c/a>, is a spoken word artist who has also been featured on The California Report.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11770827\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11770827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"473\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38821_IMG_2307-qut.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morales has won a number of competitions for voice, violin, and trumpet — including the “Shining Star” award at the highly competitive “Battle of the Mariachis” in San Juan Capistrano. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Anaí Adina)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On singing about love and heartbreak as a young woman in a male-dominated genre:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't think there should ever be stereotypes about who can sing what. There's been a huge switch in mariachi, at least in the L.A. area, with a lot of all-female groups. That's something that wasn't around a few years ago, and so they've started to break the stereotype that mariachis are male. I'm lucky to have grown up in a household where my dad was the only male. My family is full of super strong women, with a grand total of 10 tías (\u003cem>aunts\u003c/em>). I also think that was important in helping me feel confident to sing whatever I wanted — songs that tell stories about falling in love, getting your heart broken, dying and joining your lover in heaven. They're very dramatic, and I think I'm a dramatic person. My parents used to say I'm a drama queen. I think the songs fit well with my personality, but they're also narratives that people can relate to. We've all been in love. We've all had our heart broken. We've all felt super emotional about something, and music is a way for me to express those feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On singing about the people of Delano: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the community is made up of Mexican immigrants; working in the fields is usually their daytime job, while some people work another job at night. Delano is not a wealthy community, but it is rich in culture, which has played a huge part in my music. I come from a community of people who work tirelessly to provide for their families and to ensure that their kids will have it better. That has inspired me not only to work hard for what I want in my music, but also to pursue higher education so that I can return to my community and give them what they deserve: the chance to seek better opportunities for themselves.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/AGnwfDgXkHA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/AGnwfDgXkHA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On singing in Mixteco, one of the indigenous languages of Oaxaca:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am not fluent in Mixteco, so at times you can hear my accent or some mispronunciations. I did an internship last summer at a hospital in Oxnard, which is where many Oaxacan immigrants work in the strawberry fields. I helped translate what patients were saying to the doctors. Most of them speak only Mixteco; there is a Mixteco-to-Spanish translator, and I was the Spanish-to-English translator working with those patients. I definitely felt super connected to them and that I was able to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On studying at Harvard:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard is definitely a place where you can explore niche concentrations, so I have a feeling that whatever I go in studying is most likely going to change. I'm very open-minded about what I want to do with my life. Right now the goal is to become a doctor and go back to the [Central] Valley and offer [the people there] holistic and affordable medical services that they've been deprived of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what’s next musically:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I tell people that I have an album out they always ask me if I want to study music. And I guess the answer is that I love music. It's been a huge part of my life forever and I can't really see my life in a world without music. I want to continue pursuing music, but more as a hobby. I'm still going to be playing mariachi [at Harvard with the university’s band, \u003ca href=\"https://mariachiveritasdeharvard.com/\">Mariachi Veritas de Harvard\u003c/a>]. But I'm also very passionate about medicine and science and math, so that might be a more practical route to take in terms of a career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My parents have never discouraged me from loving music to the extent that I do. They've been nothing but supportive of my music aspirations. But I've also seen how difficult it can be when your sole source of income is how many gigs you can get on one weekend. I know that that's not something that I want for myself. I want to help my family with any financial burdens they have once I graduate and get a job.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/i6P1Q1O7E8M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/i6P1Q1O7E8M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "meth-is-making-a-comeback-in-california-and-its-hitting-the-san-joaquin-valley-hard",
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"content": "\u003cp>The opioid crisis has been a national focus for years, but new state data shows amphetamines have eclipsed opioids in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, opioid overdoses killed 158 Valley residents. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://discovery.cdph.ca.gov/CDIC/ODdash/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Opioid Overdose Surveillance Dashboard\u003c/a>, however, 232 people died from overdosing on amphetamines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most notorious amphetamine is methamphetamine, which the state Department of Public Health confirms comprises the majority of the drug family. In the San Joaquin Valley, meth-related fatal overdoses have surpassed those due to opioids since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='methamphetamine' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s bad, and it always has been,” said Bob Pennal, a coordinator and former commander of the Fresno Meth Task Force. “Meth has really always been one of, if not the most popular drug, next to marijuana, in the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domestic meth production has dropped in recent years, and most trafficked in the U.S. is manufactured in Mexico and smuggled across the southern border. From there, Interstate 5 and State Route 99 are two of the most common corridors used to distribute the drug to the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Drug Enforcement Agency data shows the purity of meth has been rising in recent years, an increase in production has brought street prices down considerably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A pound of methamphetamine was close to $6,000 just a couple of years ago, and now a pound is $1,000,” Pennal said. A DEA representative estimates a price range in the Fresno area of closer to $1,700-$2,000, but agrees the price has plummeted in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758558\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11758558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined-160x58.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined-800x290.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined-1020x370.png 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the San Joaquin Valley, fatal overdoses due to meth have overtaken those from opioids since 2015. Statewide, opioids are still more deadly than meth, but the gap is narrowing. \u003ccite>( California Opioid Overdose Surveillance Dashboard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of California’s hardest-hit counties is Kern, where 123 people succumbed to meth overdoses in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Pennal, Ann Sherwood, who oversees drug prevention with Kern Behavioral Health and Recovery Services, is also not surprised that meth has led to more deaths in the county. “Methamphetamine is by far the most popular drug that we have our clients self-report as their drug of choice,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County data shows nearly 40% of all clients in county-sponsored treatment programs report using the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear from our partners that they see a lot of meth use,” she said, such as the Bakersfield Police Department, which reported that meth constituted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/post/bakersfield-cops-concern-opioids-grows-meth-still-king\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly three-quarters\u003c/a> of all drugs seized in the city, other than marijuana, in 2018. “When children are removed from the home, we very often hear that it’s methamphetamine-involved,” Sherwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, meth kills more Californians than any single opioid — like heroin or fentanyl — but the opioid family still leads to more deaths than meth. The gap, however, is rapidly narrowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s bad, and it always has been,” said Bob Pennal, a coordinator and former commander of the Fresno Meth Task Force. “Meth has really always been one of, if not the most popular drug, next to marijuana, in the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domestic meth production has dropped in recent years, and most trafficked in the U.S. is manufactured in Mexico and smuggled across the southern border. From there, Interstate 5 and State Route 99 are two of the most common corridors used to distribute the drug to the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Drug Enforcement Agency data shows the purity of meth has been rising in recent years, an increase in production has brought street prices down considerably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A pound of methamphetamine was close to $6,000 just a couple of years ago, and now a pound is $1,000,” Pennal said. A DEA representative estimates a price range in the Fresno area of closer to $1,700-$2,000, but agrees the price has plummeted in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758558\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11758558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined-160x58.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined-800x290.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Chart_combined-1020x370.png 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the San Joaquin Valley, fatal overdoses due to meth have overtaken those from opioids since 2015. Statewide, opioids are still more deadly than meth, but the gap is narrowing. \u003ccite>( California Opioid Overdose Surveillance Dashboard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of California’s hardest-hit counties is Kern, where 123 people succumbed to meth overdoses in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Pennal, Ann Sherwood, who oversees drug prevention with Kern Behavioral Health and Recovery Services, is also not surprised that meth has led to more deaths in the county. “Methamphetamine is by far the most popular drug that we have our clients self-report as their drug of choice,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County data shows nearly 40% of all clients in county-sponsored treatment programs report using the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear from our partners that they see a lot of meth use,” she said, such as the Bakersfield Police Department, which reported that meth constituted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/post/bakersfield-cops-concern-opioids-grows-meth-still-king\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nearly three-quarters\u003c/a> of all drugs seized in the city, other than marijuana, in 2018. “When children are removed from the home, we very often hear that it’s methamphetamine-involved,” Sherwood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, meth kills more Californians than any single opioid — like heroin or fentanyl — but the opioid family still leads to more deaths than meth. The gap, however, is rapidly narrowing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Who Do You Call for Help When Your Abuser Is a Cop?",
"title": "Who Do You Call for Help When Your Abuser Is a Cop?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reader advisory: Some accounts of sexual abuse in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting or objectionable.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]D[/dropcap]esiree Martinez ran down a residential street in the small Central Valley town of Sanger, trying to escape. A muscular man wearing gray sweatpants and no shirt chased after her: her boyfriend, Kyle Pennington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like crying and yelling and screaming,” she said during a recent interview. But she could hardly produce any sound. “I had been choked, so I couldn't even talk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police, responding to a neighbor’s call, arrived around 5:20 a.m. It was June 4, 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Resources for Domestic Violence Survivors\" link1=\"https://www.thehotline.org/,National Domestic Violence Hotline\" link2=\"https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/get-help/state-resources,Office of Women's Health Resources by State\" link3=\"http://www.cpedv.org/domestic-violence-organizations-california,California Partnership to End Domestic Violence\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt like such a relief,” Martinez said. “Like, oh my gosh, it's over. It's done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez told Sanger police Officer Angela Yambupah that Pennington had placed a pillow over her face and tried to choke her with her own arm before she escaped the home through the garage. The officer told her that Pennington was going to be arrested, according to Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then a senior officer, Sgt. Fred Sanders, intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He says, ‘No we’re not,’ \" Martinez said. \" ‘They're good people, I know the Penningtons and we're not going to arrest them.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders knew Pennington’s family because his father was a cop with the Sanger Police Department — and Pennington himself was a police officer in the neighboring city of Clovis. Pennington had also served in the military for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanger police did not arrest Pennington that morning. As a result, Martinez said, she was sent back into their house, where her boyfriend then beat, sexually degraded and raped her. Pennington denies these allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, I’m trapped,\" Martinez said. \"He [Pennington] said no one's going to believe me and no one's gonna help me and, you know, he's right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11749455\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Desiree Martinez discusses domestic violence she endured in 2013 at the hands of former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington at her attorney's office in Fresno on May 1, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Desiree Martinez discusses domestic violence she endured in 2013 at the hands of former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington at her attorney's office in Fresno on May 1, 2019. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is currently considering whether responding police officers can be held accountable for repeated failures to arrest Pennington or otherwise help Martinez during any one of a string of domestic violence calls in 2013. A lower court dismissed much of Martinez’s lawsuit in 2017, but she appealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appellate Judge Robert Lasnik laid out the issue on appeal at a hearing in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The policing is horrible,” Lasnik said. “There is no question about that. But was it a clearly established constitutional violation or was it just really poor policing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “poor policing” in Martinez’s case is not unique, according to some experts, who say it is part of a larger pattern of willful blindness, interference and even cover-ups that can occur when law enforcement is called to investigate one of its own for domestic violence. And when police fail to intervene in these cases, they place victims at an even greater risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Against Protocol\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Martinez’s lawsuit, she alleges that both Sanger and Clovis police officers repeatedly failed to comply with the requirements of the federal Violence Against Women Act and their own protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=“large” align=”right” citation=\"Desiree Martinez\"]'I’m trapped ... He said no one's going to believe me and no one's gonna help me and, you know, he's right.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That 2013 incident wasn’t the first time police came to Martinez and Pennington’s residence. A month earlier, after a call from Martinez, two officers from Clovis showed up to check on her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a whisper, Martinez told Officer Kristina Hershberger the first time Pennington got physical with her was while they were on a trip to Dublin, in Alameda County, for his Army training. She described him trapping her in a hotel room where he choked her, took her phone and ripped the hotel phone out of the wall when she tried to call for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said Pennington stood just 15 feet away as she spoke to the officer. Hershberger got a recorder from the car and asked Martinez to tell her again what had happened in Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Hershberger] said it in front of him,\" Martinez said. \"And then he looked over at me and I was all, ‘Nothing.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way the officers handled these incidents goes against basic police training, according to Tom Walsh, a retired police investigator who teaches domestic violence classes through the state Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t do that,” said Walsh. He was a cop in San Francisco for 35 years and he’s currently a reserve officer with the East Bay Regional Park District. “The victim's not going to tell you anything. That’s going to place the victim in more danger. You've got to separate them so they can't hear one another and see one another because the victim knows, you know, when he gives me that look the beating’s going to be coming later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said that as the officers went to leave, she overheard Hershberger say something to Pennington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The girl said, 'Kyle, what are you doing? You know you're already under investigation, like you need to watch yourself,’ \" Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal affairs was already investigating complaints of physical abuse made by an ex-girlfriend, who told the department that Pennington kicked her, tried to throw her down the stairs and sodomized her, allegations that Pennington also denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11749499\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"A photograph from an internal affairs investigation case file shows Desiree Martinez's hands on July 4, 2013, after a physical fight with her then-boyfriend and former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington.\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-1200x835.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photograph from an internal affairs investigation case file shows Desiree Martinez's hands on June 4, 2013, after a physical fight with her then-boyfriend and former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington. \u003ccite>(Via Clovis Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hershberger’s police report says that because Martinez seemed drunk and changed her story, there was no probable cause to arrest Pennington. The Clovis police chief maintains his officers did everything according to protocol during this incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Walsh said these kinds of missteps happen all too often during officer-involved domestic violence investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to get really, really angry in the beginning,” he said. “Like why is this happening? Why would a cop not do a report at the scene? Or why would a cop not call out a detective in the middle of the night when one of these are going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the power and control dynamics at play in these kinds of cases, Walsh said, investigators can expect victims of domestic violence to recant in nearly all cases. When an officer is the suspect, it is even more difficult to gain the trust and cooperation of the abused individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Control\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Domestic violence often follows a predictable pattern, according to attorney Kevin Little, who specializes in these cases and is representing Martinez in her lawsuit against the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"police-records\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Police-Art_1-1.gif\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first stage of the cycle is the perpetrator begins by exerting control over the victim and then removing the victim from her social network so that she doesn't have other resources to rely on,” Little said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she relied on Pennington for a place to live. He asked her for her paychecks from the vitamin store where she worked, Martinez said, and tracked her movements. He alienated her from her friends, she said, and even her daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He knew exactly what he was doing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said when she tried to call anonymously to get information about making a domestic violence report, a Clovis officer called Pennington. When she called another officer in the department who she said she trusted because she’d dated him in the past, it got back to Pennington. Each time Pennington found out about her attempts to report him, she said he punished her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential for violence becomes its worst if the victim tries to report the perpetrator to law enforcement or tries to leave, and at that point that's when many women get severely injured, or some even lose their lives,” Little said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said Pennington repeatedly told her no one would believe her because he was an officer. It seemed to Martinez like he was right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clovis Police Chief Matt Basgall said that his officers did follow protocol in each interaction with Martinez and Pennington. Sanger police did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Nothing’s Going to Change'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the years, as Walsh noticed this pattern of bungled investigations begin to emerge, he realized there was must be a reason for it. He said officers have a lot of trouble seeing past the person they know from the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=“medium” align=”right” citation=\"Tom Walsh, retired police investigator\"]'I'm talking about chiefs and sheriffs ... or whatever rank you want to throw in there. Until they hold those people accountable, nothing's going to change.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He's very professional,” Walsh said. “He makes really good arrests. He writes really good reports but this poor guy has a miserable home life, and they don't understand domestic violence enough to know that they're being manipulated by the batterer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walsh realized the general domestic violence trainings he was teaching weren’t enough. Officers needed specific training in how to deal with both suspect cops, and with the interference from others in the department that could derail their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has now been teaching investigators across the state for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the training, which isn’t mandatory, doesn’t go far enough, according to Walsh. He said lawmakers should make it a crime for anyone in the entire chain of command to interfere in an officer-involved domestic violence investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm talking about chiefs and sheriffs, deputy chiefs and commanders, or whatever rank you want to throw in there,” he said. “Until they hold those people accountable, nothing's going to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trial\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pennington was finally arrested and went to trial in late 2013. He maintains that Martinez lied in court, that he never hurt her, and that the only thing he’s guilty of is trying to make the best of a bad relationship. Pennington also pointed out that his ex-wife of 15 years testified that he was never violent with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11749800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-800x1068.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken by police of Kyle Pennington on June 4, 2013 when they responded to reports of domestic violence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1068\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-800x1068.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-1020x1361.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-899x1200.jpg 899w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-1920x2562.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo taken by police of Kyle Pennington on June 4, 2013, when they responded to reports of domestic violence. \u003ccite>(Via Clovis Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was absolutely no injury done to her that wasn’t done on her own recourse from being a sloppy drunk and falling down,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But secret recordings that Martinez made at the time belie some of what Pennington said. On these tapes, which Martinez said she made in order to get someone to believe her about the abuse, Pennington admits to head-butting Martinez and putting his hands on her, and can be heard refusing to take her to the doctor. The jury in the criminal trial never heard those tapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors never charged Pennington with rape, despite allegations from Martinez and his other ex-girlfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington said he is a victim of overzealous investigators and prosecutors who were motivated by the “big prize” of catching another cop doing something wrong. As the criminal case progressed, the Clovis Police Department suspended Pennington, and he eventually resigned from his job before the internal investigation was complete, according to records of that investigation released under a new police transparency law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A jury found Pennington guilty of violating a restraining order in April 2014, but couldn’t come to a unanimous verdict on other charges. Prosecutors charged Pennington again, and he pleaded no contest to misdemeanor domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge sentenced him to 30 days in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'There Has To Be a Change'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit rules in Martinez’s favor, her lawsuit could go to trial within about a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're hoping one day to see not just one officer but all of the officers who assisted Mr. Pennington in putting Ms. Martinez through this ordeal, we're hoping to see them in defendants' chairs in a courtroom in front of a jury,” attorney Little said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diana Field, the lawyer representing officers from Clovis and Sanger, didn’t respond to repeated requests for comment. She argued before the 9th Circuit in January that the officers can’t be held accountable because they didn’t break any clear rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Failure to perform a mandatory duty is not a constitutional right,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11747908 label='More Police Records to Be Released']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the officers showed up, and it was clear that they had a basis to arrest, there was probable cause. It looked like the victim had been beaten up, and they basically say, ‘You're good people because you're a police officer, we're not arresting you. You can keep doing this and leave.’ Is that not unconstitutional?” asked Judge Michelle Friedland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No,\" Field said. \"The decision to arrest is a discretionary act in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is there any reason why we shouldn't announce a rule now that says that if a police officer stops an arrest when there was probable cause and communicates, ‘You can keep doing the — you can keep going with the assault because we're not going to arrest you’ — that that shouldn't be unconstitutional?” Friedland asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she is still pushing forward with her lawsuit because it could create an important legal precedent that would help other survivors of domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has to be a change,” she said. “Women are dying all the time from domestic violence and it's easy to give up and be like, you know what, I'm tired of this. I'm tired of reliving everything every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she’s still scared to be seen around Clovis, but she gets strength from working with a group of domestic violence survivors to let them know that help is out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know how it felt when no one helped me and no one was there,” she said. “So I just don't want anybody else to ever feel like they don't have anyone there to help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reader advisory: Some accounts of sexual abuse in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting or objectionable.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">D\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>esiree Martinez ran down a residential street in the small Central Valley town of Sanger, trying to escape. A muscular man wearing gray sweatpants and no shirt chased after her: her boyfriend, Kyle Pennington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like crying and yelling and screaming,” she said during a recent interview. But she could hardly produce any sound. “I had been choked, so I couldn't even talk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police, responding to a neighbor’s call, arrived around 5:20 a.m. It was June 4, 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt like such a relief,” Martinez said. “Like, oh my gosh, it's over. It's done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez told Sanger police Officer Angela Yambupah that Pennington had placed a pillow over her face and tried to choke her with her own arm before she escaped the home through the garage. The officer told her that Pennington was going to be arrested, according to Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then a senior officer, Sgt. Fred Sanders, intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He says, ‘No we’re not,’ \" Martinez said. \" ‘They're good people, I know the Penningtons and we're not going to arrest them.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders knew Pennington’s family because his father was a cop with the Sanger Police Department — and Pennington himself was a police officer in the neighboring city of Clovis. Pennington had also served in the military for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanger police did not arrest Pennington that morning. As a result, Martinez said, she was sent back into their house, where her boyfriend then beat, sexually degraded and raped her. Pennington denies these allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, I’m trapped,\" Martinez said. \"He [Pennington] said no one's going to believe me and no one's gonna help me and, you know, he's right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11749455\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Desiree Martinez discusses domestic violence she endured in 2013 at the hands of former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington at her attorney's office in Fresno on May 1, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36924_IMG_6191-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Desiree Martinez discusses domestic violence she endured in 2013 at the hands of former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington at her attorney's office in Fresno on May 1, 2019. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is currently considering whether responding police officers can be held accountable for repeated failures to arrest Pennington or otherwise help Martinez during any one of a string of domestic violence calls in 2013. A lower court dismissed much of Martinez’s lawsuit in 2017, but she appealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appellate Judge Robert Lasnik laid out the issue on appeal at a hearing in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The policing is horrible,” Lasnik said. “There is no question about that. But was it a clearly established constitutional violation or was it just really poor policing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “poor policing” in Martinez’s case is not unique, according to some experts, who say it is part of a larger pattern of willful blindness, interference and even cover-ups that can occur when law enforcement is called to investigate one of its own for domestic violence. And when police fail to intervene in these cases, they place victims at an even greater risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Against Protocol\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Martinez’s lawsuit, she alleges that both Sanger and Clovis police officers repeatedly failed to comply with the requirements of the federal Violence Against Women Act and their own protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That 2013 incident wasn’t the first time police came to Martinez and Pennington’s residence. A month earlier, after a call from Martinez, two officers from Clovis showed up to check on her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a whisper, Martinez told Officer Kristina Hershberger the first time Pennington got physical with her was while they were on a trip to Dublin, in Alameda County, for his Army training. She described him trapping her in a hotel room where he choked her, took her phone and ripped the hotel phone out of the wall when she tried to call for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said Pennington stood just 15 feet away as she spoke to the officer. Hershberger got a recorder from the car and asked Martinez to tell her again what had happened in Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Hershberger] said it in front of him,\" Martinez said. \"And then he looked over at me and I was all, ‘Nothing.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way the officers handled these incidents goes against basic police training, according to Tom Walsh, a retired police investigator who teaches domestic violence classes through the state Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t do that,” said Walsh. He was a cop in San Francisco for 35 years and he’s currently a reserve officer with the East Bay Regional Park District. “The victim's not going to tell you anything. That’s going to place the victim in more danger. You've got to separate them so they can't hear one another and see one another because the victim knows, you know, when he gives me that look the beating’s going to be coming later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said that as the officers went to leave, she overheard Hershberger say something to Pennington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The girl said, 'Kyle, what are you doing? You know you're already under investigation, like you need to watch yourself,’ \" Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal affairs was already investigating complaints of physical abuse made by an ex-girlfriend, who told the department that Pennington kicked her, tried to throw her down the stairs and sodomized her, allegations that Pennington also denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749499\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11749499\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"A photograph from an internal affairs investigation case file shows Desiree Martinez's hands on July 4, 2013, after a physical fight with her then-boyfriend and former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington.\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails-1200x835.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/nails.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photograph from an internal affairs investigation case file shows Desiree Martinez's hands on June 4, 2013, after a physical fight with her then-boyfriend and former Clovis police Officer Kyle Pennington. \u003ccite>(Via Clovis Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hershberger’s police report says that because Martinez seemed drunk and changed her story, there was no probable cause to arrest Pennington. The Clovis police chief maintains his officers did everything according to protocol during this incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Walsh said these kinds of missteps happen all too often during officer-involved domestic violence investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to get really, really angry in the beginning,” he said. “Like why is this happening? Why would a cop not do a report at the scene? Or why would a cop not call out a detective in the middle of the night when one of these are going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the power and control dynamics at play in these kinds of cases, Walsh said, investigators can expect victims of domestic violence to recant in nearly all cases. When an officer is the suspect, it is even more difficult to gain the trust and cooperation of the abused individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Control\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Domestic violence often follows a predictable pattern, according to attorney Kevin Little, who specializes in these cases and is representing Martinez in her lawsuit against the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first stage of the cycle is the perpetrator begins by exerting control over the victim and then removing the victim from her social network so that she doesn't have other resources to rely on,” Little said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she relied on Pennington for a place to live. He asked her for her paychecks from the vitamin store where she worked, Martinez said, and tracked her movements. He alienated her from her friends, she said, and even her daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He knew exactly what he was doing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said when she tried to call anonymously to get information about making a domestic violence report, a Clovis officer called Pennington. When she called another officer in the department who she said she trusted because she’d dated him in the past, it got back to Pennington. Each time Pennington found out about her attempts to report him, she said he punished her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The potential for violence becomes its worst if the victim tries to report the perpetrator to law enforcement or tries to leave, and at that point that's when many women get severely injured, or some even lose their lives,” Little said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said Pennington repeatedly told her no one would believe her because he was an officer. It seemed to Martinez like he was right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clovis Police Chief Matt Basgall said that his officers did follow protocol in each interaction with Martinez and Pennington. Sanger police did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Nothing’s Going to Change'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the years, as Walsh noticed this pattern of bungled investigations begin to emerge, he realized there was must be a reason for it. He said officers have a lot of trouble seeing past the person they know from the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He's very professional,” Walsh said. “He makes really good arrests. He writes really good reports but this poor guy has a miserable home life, and they don't understand domestic violence enough to know that they're being manipulated by the batterer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walsh realized the general domestic violence trainings he was teaching weren’t enough. Officers needed specific training in how to deal with both suspect cops, and with the interference from others in the department that could derail their investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has now been teaching investigators across the state for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the training, which isn’t mandatory, doesn’t go far enough, according to Walsh. He said lawmakers should make it a crime for anyone in the entire chain of command to interfere in an officer-involved domestic violence investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I'm talking about chiefs and sheriffs, deputy chiefs and commanders, or whatever rank you want to throw in there,” he said. “Until they hold those people accountable, nothing's going to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trial\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pennington was finally arrested and went to trial in late 2013. He maintains that Martinez lied in court, that he never hurt her, and that the only thing he’s guilty of is trying to make the best of a bad relationship. Pennington also pointed out that his ex-wife of 15 years testified that he was never violent with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11749800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11749800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-800x1068.jpg\" alt=\"A photo taken by police of Kyle Pennington on June 4, 2013 when they responded to reports of domestic violence.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1068\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-800x1068.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-160x214.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-1020x1361.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-899x1200.jpg 899w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-1920x2562.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Pennington.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo taken by police of Kyle Pennington on June 4, 2013, when they responded to reports of domestic violence. \u003ccite>(Via Clovis Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There was absolutely no injury done to her that wasn’t done on her own recourse from being a sloppy drunk and falling down,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But secret recordings that Martinez made at the time belie some of what Pennington said. On these tapes, which Martinez said she made in order to get someone to believe her about the abuse, Pennington admits to head-butting Martinez and putting his hands on her, and can be heard refusing to take her to the doctor. The jury in the criminal trial never heard those tapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors never charged Pennington with rape, despite allegations from Martinez and his other ex-girlfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pennington said he is a victim of overzealous investigators and prosecutors who were motivated by the “big prize” of catching another cop doing something wrong. As the criminal case progressed, the Clovis Police Department suspended Pennington, and he eventually resigned from his job before the internal investigation was complete, according to records of that investigation released under a new police transparency law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A jury found Pennington guilty of violating a restraining order in April 2014, but couldn’t come to a unanimous verdict on other charges. Prosecutors charged Pennington again, and he pleaded no contest to misdemeanor domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge sentenced him to 30 days in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'There Has To Be a Change'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit rules in Martinez’s favor, her lawsuit could go to trial within about a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're hoping one day to see not just one officer but all of the officers who assisted Mr. Pennington in putting Ms. Martinez through this ordeal, we're hoping to see them in defendants' chairs in a courtroom in front of a jury,” attorney Little said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diana Field, the lawyer representing officers from Clovis and Sanger, didn’t respond to repeated requests for comment. She argued before the 9th Circuit in January that the officers can’t be held accountable because they didn’t break any clear rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Failure to perform a mandatory duty is not a constitutional right,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the officers showed up, and it was clear that they had a basis to arrest, there was probable cause. It looked like the victim had been beaten up, and they basically say, ‘You're good people because you're a police officer, we're not arresting you. You can keep doing this and leave.’ Is that not unconstitutional?” asked Judge Michelle Friedland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No,\" Field said. \"The decision to arrest is a discretionary act in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is there any reason why we shouldn't announce a rule now that says that if a police officer stops an arrest when there was probable cause and communicates, ‘You can keep doing the — you can keep going with the assault because we're not going to arrest you’ — that that shouldn't be unconstitutional?” Friedland asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she is still pushing forward with her lawsuit because it could create an important legal precedent that would help other survivors of domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has to be a change,” she said. “Women are dying all the time from domestic violence and it's easy to give up and be like, you know what, I'm tired of this. I'm tired of reliving everything every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez said she’s still scared to be seen around Clovis, but she gets strength from working with a group of domestic violence survivors to let them know that help is out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know how it felt when no one helped me and no one was there,” she said. “So I just don't want anybody else to ever feel like they don't have anyone there to help them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Rep. Devin Nunes Sues McClatchy for Defamation, Seeks $150 Million",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Congressman Devin Nunes (R-Visalia) said he has filed a $150 million lawsuit in a Virginia court against McClatchy, a Sacramento-based news media company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11696756]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on \u003ca href=\"https://video.foxnews.com/playlist/on-air-hannity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sean Hannity’s show on Fox News\u003c/a> Monday night, the Central Valley Republican accused the news group of defamation and dishonesty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He called out \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/business/article210912434.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting in the McClatchy-owned Fresno Bee from May, 2018\u003c/a> about an alleged sex and drug-fueled yacht party involving a winery partly owned by Nunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to retract everything they did against me,” Nunes said on the Hannity show. “They also need to come clean with the American people, retract all of their fake news stories. This is part of the broader cleanup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igXBs1lCb6Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes’ legal action comes on the heels of similar lawsuits the congressman recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/us/politics/devin-nunes-twitter-lawsuit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed against Twitter\u003c/a> and parody social media accounts claiming to be his mom and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/devincow?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his cow\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former account now appears to be suspended, but not the latter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClatchy issued a statement saying the claim is still under review, but so far looks to be “wholly without merit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement also said the company, which owns around 30 newspapers across the country, stands behind the Fresno Bee’s reporting on Nunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5805814-Devin-Nunes-Lawsuit-Against-McClatchy.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Sacramento-based news media company said the Central Valley Republican congressman's complaint against a report in the Fresno Bee is 'wholly without merit.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on \u003ca href=\"https://video.foxnews.com/playlist/on-air-hannity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sean Hannity’s show on Fox News\u003c/a> Monday night, the Central Valley Republican accused the news group of defamation and dishonesty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He called out \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/business/article210912434.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting in the McClatchy-owned Fresno Bee from May, 2018\u003c/a> about an alleged sex and drug-fueled yacht party involving a winery partly owned by Nunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to retract everything they did against me,” Nunes said on the Hannity show. “They also need to come clean with the American people, retract all of their fake news stories. This is part of the broader cleanup.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/igXBs1lCb6Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/igXBs1lCb6Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Nunes’ legal action comes on the heels of similar lawsuits the congressman recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/us/politics/devin-nunes-twitter-lawsuit.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed against Twitter\u003c/a> and parody social media accounts claiming to be his mom and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/devincow?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his cow\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former account now appears to be suspended, but not the latter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClatchy issued a statement saying the claim is still under review, but so far looks to be “wholly without merit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement also said the company, which owns around 30 newspapers across the country, stands behind the Fresno Bee’s reporting on Nunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>“I still get really nervous, even though I guess I’m supposed to be good at public speaking because I’m a politician now,” said newly-elected City Councilwoman Jewel Hurtado of the Fresno County city of Kingsburg, as she rushed in to give a talk at Fresno State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Kingsburg City Councilwoman Jewel Hurtado']‘It’s funny to see me — Jewel, brown, city council — in a Swedish village, but it’s about representation and that is why I ran.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurtado was getting ready to address graduate students about charting her own path in public service. Her son, Anthony III, and her fiance, Anthony Jr., were waiting outside. Baby Anthony was about to turn 1, and Hurtado still needed to nurse him, so his dad was watching him while she gave her speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a while since Hurtado was on the campaign trail making speeches regularly. But also, as she noted, most of these students are probably older than she is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At age 20, Hurtado is balancing motherhood, city council and a part-time job, while still pursuing her own degree. But she wouldn’t have it any other way: She tells the students she wants to have a say in the community where her son is growing up, and she wants to give a platform to unheard voices, like her own as a young Latina mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s funny to see me — Jewel, brown, city council — in a Swedish village, but it’s about representation and that is why I ran,” she told the students. Today, around a third of the Central Valley city’s residents, including Hurtado, identify as Latinx but Swedish immigrants settled Kingsburg, and echoes of this history are everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Strong Female Mentors & Public Service in Her Blood\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of Hurtado’s early mentors — and now her colleague — is Kingsburg Mayor Michelle Roman, the city’s first female mayor. She helped spark Hurtado’s interest in community politics when she came to speak at her high school a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hurtado was 18, she asked Roman how she could get involved, and Roman appointed her as a youth commissioner to the city’s Community Services Commission. Hurtado now oversees this commission as one of her council assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get asked about Jewel — ‘How do you feel about having a 20-year-old on your city council?’ — and, well, I think it’s great, because she’s inspiring that next generation,” Roman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurtado’s skeptics have questioned her credentials because of her age, but politics and community organizing run in her blood. Her mother works for Assemblymember Anna Caballero and her grandmother and late grandfather worked side-by-side with Cesar Chavez, the labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farmworkers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11734788\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11734788\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Jewel Hurtado, photographed during the evening she was sworn in as a Kingsburg City councilwoman in December 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-912x912.jpg 912w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-470x470.jpg 470w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jewel Hurtado, photographed during the evening she was sworn in as a Kingsburg City councilwoman in December 2018. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Elisa Rivera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Trusting Instincts & Taking Votes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hurtado, her fiancé and baby Anthony live with her grandmother, Obdulia Flores Rivera. When Hurtado was growing up, Flores-Rivera toted her to union rallies and places she felt were historically and politically significant, like the room where Chavez did his hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had thought, maybe the day I retire I’m going to run for city council, and then [Jewel] says, ‘Nonni, I’m gonna be running for city council,’ and I go, ‘Well, I guess there goes my idea out the window! Yes, mija! Yes! We need young people out there.’ I was so happy!” Flores-Rivera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Kingsburg Mayor Michelle Roman']‘I get asked about Jewel — ‘How do you feel about having a 20-year-old on your city council?’ — and, well, I think it’s great, because she’s inspiring that next generation.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurtado said she ran on community, voices and values: “That’s not typical appearing in a campaign, I feel like, because usually we’re talking about jobs, or business or public safety, but all of those things fall under community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the enthusiastic support from family and friends, the campaign was a grueling one for Hurtado. She schlepped door-to-door with infant Anthony in the blistering heat of the Central Valley summer. And when she wasn’t campaigning, she was working weekend shifts at Victoria’s Secret in Fresno and going to class at Fresno City College, where she’s majoring in political science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her fiancé, Anthony Jr., were also on opposite schedules while they were still figuring out parenting. He was working graveyard shifts plus some at a packing house and would be getting up for work when she was taking a break from canvassing. “I would wake up to hearing her bust through the door covered in sweat,” Anthony said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11734798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11734798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-800x819.jpg\" alt=\"Student Sales Clerk New Mom This 20-Year-Old Is Not Your Average City Council Member Strike-qut\" width=\"800\" height=\"819\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-800x819.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-160x164.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut.jpg 938w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jewel Hurtado talks to workers striking at the Sun-Maid plant in Kingsburg on Sept. 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Elisa Rivera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the campaign, Anthony III was having seizures, and about a week before election day, he was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. It’s a rare multisystem disorder that can cause tumors in different parts of the body, and Anthony’s are in his brain. He has monthly MRIs and EEG brain scans to monitor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='the-long-run' label='The Long Run']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew that my son was not OK throughout my campaign,” Hurtado said, noting many people chalked up her concern to being a new, young mother. Anthony is doing much better now that they know what’s going on and they’re taking the right precautions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the midst of critics doubting both her capability as a candidate — and her instincts as a mother — Hurtado fought through to a victory by a margin of eight votes. Her supporters reached as far as the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jewelhurtado_/status/1070163827608567808\">U.S. Congress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that she’s in office, Hurtado sees the future through her young son’s eyes. And while her youth may have been a rallying point for her critics, she says it’s now giving her the energy to get the job done\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This fight was not won very easily. Took a village, and we did it. And I’m still tired. But, I’m young, so they always tell me, you have a lot of energy so you can do it. If anybody can do it, it’s you,” Hurtado said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s funny to see me — Jewel, brown, city council — in a Swedish village, but it’s about representation and that is why I ran,” she told the students. Today, around a third of the Central Valley city’s residents, including Hurtado, identify as Latinx but Swedish immigrants settled Kingsburg, and echoes of this history are everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Strong Female Mentors & Public Service in Her Blood\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of Hurtado’s early mentors — and now her colleague — is Kingsburg Mayor Michelle Roman, the city’s first female mayor. She helped spark Hurtado’s interest in community politics when she came to speak at her high school a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hurtado was 18, she asked Roman how she could get involved, and Roman appointed her as a youth commissioner to the city’s Community Services Commission. Hurtado now oversees this commission as one of her council assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get asked about Jewel — ‘How do you feel about having a 20-year-old on your city council?’ — and, well, I think it’s great, because she’s inspiring that next generation,” Roman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurtado’s skeptics have questioned her credentials because of her age, but politics and community organizing run in her blood. Her mother works for Assemblymember Anna Caballero and her grandmother and late grandfather worked side-by-side with Cesar Chavez, the labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farmworkers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11734788\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11734788\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Jewel Hurtado, photographed during the evening she was sworn in as a Kingsburg City councilwoman in December 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-912x912.jpg 912w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut-470x470.jpg 470w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member_City-Hall-2JPG-qut.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jewel Hurtado, photographed during the evening she was sworn in as a Kingsburg City councilwoman in December 2018. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Elisa Rivera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Trusting Instincts & Taking Votes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hurtado, her fiancé and baby Anthony live with her grandmother, Obdulia Flores Rivera. When Hurtado was growing up, Flores-Rivera toted her to union rallies and places she felt were historically and politically significant, like the room where Chavez did his hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had thought, maybe the day I retire I’m going to run for city council, and then [Jewel] says, ‘Nonni, I’m gonna be running for city council,’ and I go, ‘Well, I guess there goes my idea out the window! Yes, mija! Yes! We need young people out there.’ I was so happy!” Flores-Rivera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurtado said she ran on community, voices and values: “That’s not typical appearing in a campaign, I feel like, because usually we’re talking about jobs, or business or public safety, but all of those things fall under community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the enthusiastic support from family and friends, the campaign was a grueling one for Hurtado. She schlepped door-to-door with infant Anthony in the blistering heat of the Central Valley summer. And when she wasn’t campaigning, she was working weekend shifts at Victoria’s Secret in Fresno and going to class at Fresno City College, where she’s majoring in political science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her fiancé, Anthony Jr., were also on opposite schedules while they were still figuring out parenting. He was working graveyard shifts plus some at a packing house and would be getting up for work when she was taking a break from canvassing. “I would wake up to hearing her bust through the door covered in sweat,” Anthony said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11734798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11734798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-800x819.jpg\" alt=\"Student Sales Clerk New Mom This 20-Year-Old Is Not Your Average City Council Member Strike-qut\" width=\"800\" height=\"819\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-800x819.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-160x164.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Student-Sales-Clerk-New-Mom-This-20-Year-Old-Is-Not-Your-Average-City-Council-Member-Strike-qut.jpg 938w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jewel Hurtado talks to workers striking at the Sun-Maid plant in Kingsburg on Sept. 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Elisa Rivera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the campaign, Anthony III was having seizures, and about a week before election day, he was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. It’s a rare multisystem disorder that can cause tumors in different parts of the body, and Anthony’s are in his brain. He has monthly MRIs and EEG brain scans to monitor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew that my son was not OK throughout my campaign,” Hurtado said, noting many people chalked up her concern to being a new, young mother. Anthony is doing much better now that they know what’s going on and they’re taking the right precautions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the midst of critics doubting both her capability as a candidate — and her instincts as a mother — Hurtado fought through to a victory by a margin of eight votes. Her supporters reached as far as the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jewelhurtado_/status/1070163827608567808\">U.S. Congress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that she’s in office, Hurtado sees the future through her young son’s eyes. And while her youth may have been a rallying point for her critics, she says it’s now giving her the energy to get the job done\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Black Farmworkers in the Central Valley: Escaping Jim Crow for a Subtler Kind of Racism",
"title": "Black Farmworkers in the Central Valley: Escaping Jim Crow for a Subtler Kind of Racism",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A special thanks to photographer Ernest Lowe, whose photos taken in the 1960s of African-American farmworkers in the San Joaquin Valley provided inspiration for this story. \u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/black-migrants/\">Those photos are now on display at UC Merced\u003c/a>. Find more photos of the Marshalls, Beaverses and other families at \u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">ErnestLowe.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]D[/dropcap]rops of rain collect in pools around potted plants outside the Marshall home in South Dos Palos, as a storm rolls into the small farming community about 100 miles southeast of San Jose. A wind chime hanging on the front porch provides background music to a family gathering inside in the living room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe, Lee, Zella, David and Marilyn Marshall are five of 13 siblings who grew up on this plot of land. Today, they're all in their 60s and 70s.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The difference between here and the South is just that — it's hidden.'\u003ccite>Joe Marshall\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When the Marshall siblings’ father moved to the Central Valley from Mississippi in 1944 to work for the railroad, his goal was twofold: make enough money to provide for his wife and children, and put distance between his family and the racist laws of the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the brothers say they found California had its own racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The people in the South, they let you know right off the top, you not welcome, you not wanted,” Lee Marshall said. “And, 'Hey, don’t get out of place. You say mister to me.' And they demand that you say 'yes sir' and all this kind of stuff to 'em. It was just straight out, they didn’t hide it. That was better for me 'cause I know where you stand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These down here, there’s a hidden thing that they use on you,\" Lee Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow.jpg 1148w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee's brother, Joe Marshall, said it was a more subtle form of racism the brothers faced growing up here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know we could go anywhere and eat, it wasn’t a place where you had to go to the back door,” said Joe. “It was nothing like being in the South.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference between here and the South is just that — it’s hidden,” Joe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that racism shaped how the Marshalls lived and worked. It also shaped the destiny of their town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-800x725.jpg\" alt=\"The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-800x725.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-160x145.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-1020x924.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-1200x1087.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1940s and 1950s, the Marshall brothers say South Dos Palos was thriving. The community was a hub of agricultural business and black-owned cafes, stores and service stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything in South Dos Palos, except for a few places like behind us, was owned by black people,” Joe Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican and Central American workers make up the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654965/ice-is-auditing-this-central-valley-grower-again-and-he-blames-california-lawmakers\">bulk of farm labor\u003c/a> in California today, but throughout the 1940s, ‘50s and ‘60s, African-Americans and poor white families — many of them migrants who moved to the state during and after the Dust Bowl storms of the 1930s— also worked in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"Four of 13 of the Marshall siblings stand in the living room of their family home in South Dos Palos. From left to right: Lee, Zella, Joe and Marilyn Marshall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-1020x688.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-1200x809.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four of 13 of the Marshall siblings stand in the living room of their family home in South Dos Palos. From left to right: Lee, Zella, Joe and Marilyn Marshall. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To earn money, the Marshall brothers pruned and harvested crops like almonds, lettuce, grapes and cotton, one of California’s top producing crops at the time. They went to work and came back to a home that didn’t have running water or indoor plumbing. They used to be embarrassed to have to tell their girlfriends to use an outdoor toilet when they would come visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll never forget, as long as I live, when the city put in the sewer line,” Joe recalls. “And they say 'but, it’s up to each house to dig to hook up to it.' Man, we were digging out there with a smile on! We were thinkin', man we gonna get indoor bathroom! That was the happiest day of my life!”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Tale of Two Farm Towns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just a few miles from South Dos Palos is another community called Dos Palos. During the Marshall siblings’ childhood, Dos Palos was a mostly white community. Many of the homes there had the infrastructure that houses in South Dos Palos lacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You go down that way further down,” Lee said, “they had all of this and we didn't have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Joe and Lee grew older and wanted a job outside of working in the fields, Dos Palos is where they went to look for one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You out there waitin’ for a job interview, and behind closed doors they just cuttin’ you down, you’re not wanted,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would take that more so than ever, this hidden prejudice which still goes on today in these little towns like this. It’s a hidden thing that can just tear you down. Because you get your confidence up, thinkin’ that you’re on your way. And you got somebody behind closed doors trying to block your way or stop you from doing certain things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728240\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728240\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"South Dos Palos today.\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-800x514.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-1020x655.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-1200x771.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">South Dos Palos today. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.meissinger.com/index.html\">Michael Eissinger\u003c/a>, an anthropology professor at Fresno State University who studies historically rural African-American settlements in the San Joaquin Valley, said there were many communities in California like South Dos Palos and Dos Palos — a black community and an all-white community just a few miles apart — existing side by side, separate but interdependent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racism is not 'I don't like you because of your color.' That's bigotry, prejudice,” Eissinger said. \"Racism is when it is done by the system, by society as a whole, and society is done on the \u003cem>landscape\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/post/diversity-fresno-how-racial-covenants-once-ruled-prestigious-neighborhoods\">racially restrictive covenants\u003c/a>, clauses in deeds to properties that specified who could and could not live there, blocked African-American families, and individuals and families of other races, from buying or renting certain homes, including in California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/18486/redlining\">Redlining\u003c/a> created barriers to black families obtaining loans to buy houses in certain neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5633328\">sundown towns\u003c/a>, places that people of color could visit during the day, but had to leave by the time it got dark. You can still \u003ca href=\"https://sundown.tougaloo.edu/sundowntownsshow.php?state=CA\">see the legacy\u003c/a> of this in the Central Valley today, in towns like Clovis, the nearly all-white, affluent suburb of Fresno, and then again in Stockton and Lodi. These are kindred cities walled off by a brief but mandatory drive through farmed landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hours south on Highway 99 is another unincorporated town called Teviston. Once occupied by black families living and working on the outskirts of the mostly white community of Pixley, today Latino families populate most of the houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1946, Bertha Mae Beavers moved to Teviston from Oklahoma at the age of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought they was, you could just come out here and pick money off trees the way they told it. But shoot, I should have stayed in Oklahoma,” the 89-year-old Beavers recalled. “I did the same thing: chopped cotton, picked cotton. I did it all. And it was rough out here, just like in Oklahoma. You had to work hard for your money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-800x735.jpg\" alt=\"Bertha Mae and Benjamin Beavers in Oklahoma around 1945.\" width=\"800\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-800x735.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-160x147.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-1020x937.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-1200x1102.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bertha Mae and Benjamin Beavers in Oklahoma around 1945. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shortly after she arrived, a white woman was beat up on the railroad tracks near Teviston and Pixley. A rumor circulated that a black man from Teviston had beat the woman. For a while, no black people were allowed in Pixley, Beavers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would go to work, and get off early,” she said. “And come home and the mens would get they guns and set up all night. I was afraid. And it finally, they finally found out who beat the white lady up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the white woman’s husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He beat her up and they tried to say the black man down here in Teviston beat 'em,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beavers was afraid, but she stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She eventually married her husband in Teviston, and they had 12 children. The family lived on the outskirts of Pixley and worked in the fields to get by. Like South Dos Palos, homes in Teviston didn’t have running water, gas or indoor plumbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-800x815.jpg\" alt=\"Ruth Beavers in Teviston, 1960s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-800x815.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-160x163.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-1020x1039.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-1179x1200.jpg 1179w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruth Beavers in Teviston, 1960s. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Just in the house we lived in, we didn’t have a two bedroom, so with all of us 12 kids we slept in one bedroom. And we could lay in the bed at night ... and see the stars. [Through the] cracks,” recalled Bertha Mae's daughter, Ruth Ann Jones, age 70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ‘60s transformed California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1963, a state law — the \u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0b69q1bw/\">Rumford Act, or California Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> — was passed to end discrimination by property owners who refused to sell or rent to African-Americans. In 1964, the same year the Civil Rights Act was passed, the state ballot initiative Proposition 14 nullified the Rumford Act. The California Supreme Court later ruled Proposition 14 was unconstitutional, and the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt5h4nb0wd;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=d0e5393&toc.id=d0e831&brand=oac4\">upheld\u003c/a> that decision. The federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 would eventually outlaw housing discrimination nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around this time, labor organizer Cesar Chavez and a growing movement of farmworkers fighting for better pay and working conditions was \u003ca href=\"https://ufw.org/research/history/ufw-history/\">gaining momentum in the Central Valley\u003c/a>. While some black workers were involved, the movement was largely Chicano and Filipino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where it really started at was in the grapes,” said Ruth Jones’ husband, CL Jones. “They wanted to change things. And they did, you know, make things a lot better for some.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Latino farmworkers began staying in the San Joaquin Valley in greater numbers, instead of going back and forth to Mexico, it began changing the black-white dynamic of Teviston and Pixley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728260\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-800x787.jpg\" alt=\"Benny Beavers lights the family's Box King stove.\" width=\"800\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-800x787.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-160x157.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-1020x1003.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-1200x1180.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benny Beavers lights the family's Box King stove. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Beavers family noticed something in the Latino families moving into the area. Something that was completely unfamiliar: a certain boldness and lack of fear that black families coming from the South felt they couldn’t afford to have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Teviston’s residents pushed to get a community well and gas in their homes, some African-American families distanced themselves from upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-800x556.jpg\" alt=\"Lula Jenkins, Annie and Goldie Beavers, and Deloris and Joyce Perry ride in the back of a pickup hauling water in Teviston.\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-1200x834.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lula Jenkins, Annie and Goldie Beavers, and Deloris and Joyce Perry ride in the back of a pickup hauling water in Teviston. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They were scared the white people could come take their property or take their house so they didn’t really want no gas,” another Beavers daughter, Annie Jo Ellis, age 65, said. “[Because] this is what you grew up with: fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the 1970s and ‘80s, Bertha Mae’s children were able to get out of farm labor, and find new jobs. A few worked at nearby schools as lunch ladies and at the post office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as black people, I don’t think fought as hard as we should have... for what we wanted,” Ruth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know when you come from Oklahoma, you didn’t really have nothin’,” Annie said. “So now you got a little something and they was raised that the white man takes everything. So they just get out here and they still scared of the white man. Let’s tell the truth about it, they were scared ... of white people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728265\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"The Beavers family stands outside Friendship Baptist Church in Teviston. The church is one of two still standing in the unincorporated community just south of Pixley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Beavers family stands outside Friendship Baptist Church in Teviston. The church is one of two still standing in the unincorporated community just south of Pixley. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you go to Teviston now, you can see homes scattered throughout the town, but it's not much of a town. There are no businesses, just a boarded-up gas station and two churches. The Beavers still have mixed feelings about how their community has evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll tell you what we used to say when we was growin’ up,\" said CL Jones. \"The white people are watchin’ the wrong people. They was keepin us down, and the Hispanics was steady gettin’ ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In South Dos Palos, as the Marshall siblings grew older and started their own families, they encouraged their children to go to school or work other jobs, anything to stay out of the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were no jobs that the young blacks wanted to do,” Joe Marshall said. “And then I saw this town kinda dryin’ up. To where, when you come over, you could stop on any corner and holler at somebody and talk for a few minutes. I can come over here now, I might not see nobody! It’s a ghost town. The Mexicans were still working in the fields. And all of a sudden, you started lookin’ up, Mexicans bought this land, build a nice house. Better than some of the houses that’s been here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was OK with Joe, because his kids were getting out and getting ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just an opportunity for [Latinos],” he said. “Our misfortune and their fortune, to be able to come in and buy something and build. To this day, there’s still no jobs here. So you can’t expect this town to grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, South Dos Palos is still a gathering place for the Marshall family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They return here for small gatherings and large family reunions. Every April, hundreds of extended relatives fill the street to celebrate their mother’s birthday. She passed away several years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe looks at his Latino neighbors and can relate to what they’re going through. He knows no one would work in the fields if they didn't have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t see any blacks out there (in the fields) now, you don’t see any whites out there now. It’s all Latinos now. And you want to cry about 'they’re doing our jobs'? No. They didn’t take a job from me. I gave it to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We paid our dues far as laborin’ hard in the fields,” Lee Marshall said. “And believe me, I don’t wanna do it. Whoever wanna do it, I just pray for 'em.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Marshall and Beavers families moved to California in the 1940s for better jobs, and to escape the Jim Crow policies of the South. Instead, they found California had its own racism and segregation.",
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"description": "The Marshall and Beavers families moved to California in the 1940s for better jobs, and to escape the Jim Crow policies of the South. Instead, they found California had its own racism and segregation.",
"title": "Black Farmworkers in the Central Valley: Escaping Jim Crow for a Subtler Kind of Racism | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A special thanks to photographer Ernest Lowe, whose photos taken in the 1960s of African-American farmworkers in the San Joaquin Valley provided inspiration for this story. \u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/black-migrants/\">Those photos are now on display at UC Merced\u003c/a>. Find more photos of the Marshalls, Beaverses and other families at \u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">ErnestLowe.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">D\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>rops of rain collect in pools around potted plants outside the Marshall home in South Dos Palos, as a storm rolls into the small farming community about 100 miles southeast of San Jose. A wind chime hanging on the front porch provides background music to a family gathering inside in the living room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe, Lee, Zella, David and Marilyn Marshall are five of 13 siblings who grew up on this plot of land. Today, they're all in their 60s and 70s.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The difference between here and the South is just that — it's hidden.'\u003ccite>Joe Marshall\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When the Marshall siblings’ father moved to the Central Valley from Mississippi in 1944 to work for the railroad, his goal was twofold: make enough money to provide for his wife and children, and put distance between his family and the racist laws of the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the brothers say they found California had its own racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The people in the South, they let you know right off the top, you not welcome, you not wanted,” Lee Marshall said. “And, 'Hey, don’t get out of place. You say mister to me.' And they demand that you say 'yes sir' and all this kind of stuff to 'em. It was just straight out, they didn’t hide it. That was better for me 'cause I know where you stand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These down here, there’s a hidden thing that they use on you,\" Lee Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsBarrow.jpg 1148w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lee's brother, Joe Marshall, said it was a more subtle form of racism the brothers faced growing up here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know we could go anywhere and eat, it wasn’t a place where you had to go to the back door,” said Joe. “It was nothing like being in the South.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference between here and the South is just that — it’s hidden,” Joe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that racism shaped how the Marshalls lived and worked. It also shaped the destiny of their town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728218\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-800x725.jpg\" alt=\"The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-800x725.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-160x145.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-1020x924.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1-1200x1087.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Marshalls1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marshall brothers, including Joe and Lee, in South Dos Palos, 1960s. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1940s and 1950s, the Marshall brothers say South Dos Palos was thriving. The community was a hub of agricultural business and black-owned cafes, stores and service stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything in South Dos Palos, except for a few places like behind us, was owned by black people,” Joe Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican and Central American workers make up the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654965/ice-is-auditing-this-central-valley-grower-again-and-he-blames-california-lawmakers\">bulk of farm labor\u003c/a> in California today, but throughout the 1940s, ‘50s and ‘60s, African-Americans and poor white families — many of them migrants who moved to the state during and after the Dust Bowl storms of the 1930s— also worked in the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"Four of 13 of the Marshall siblings stand in the living room of their family home in South Dos Palos. From left to right: Lee, Zella, Joe and Marilyn Marshall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-1020x688.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday-1200x809.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/MarshallsToday.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four of 13 of the Marshall siblings stand in the living room of their family home in South Dos Palos. From left to right: Lee, Zella, Joe and Marilyn Marshall. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To earn money, the Marshall brothers pruned and harvested crops like almonds, lettuce, grapes and cotton, one of California’s top producing crops at the time. They went to work and came back to a home that didn’t have running water or indoor plumbing. They used to be embarrassed to have to tell their girlfriends to use an outdoor toilet when they would come visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll never forget, as long as I live, when the city put in the sewer line,” Joe recalls. “And they say 'but, it’s up to each house to dig to hook up to it.' Man, we were digging out there with a smile on! We were thinkin', man we gonna get indoor bathroom! That was the happiest day of my life!”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Tale of Two Farm Towns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just a few miles from South Dos Palos is another community called Dos Palos. During the Marshall siblings’ childhood, Dos Palos was a mostly white community. Many of the homes there had the infrastructure that houses in South Dos Palos lacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You go down that way further down,” Lee said, “they had all of this and we didn't have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Joe and Lee grew older and wanted a job outside of working in the fields, Dos Palos is where they went to look for one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You out there waitin’ for a job interview, and behind closed doors they just cuttin’ you down, you’re not wanted,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would take that more so than ever, this hidden prejudice which still goes on today in these little towns like this. It’s a hidden thing that can just tear you down. Because you get your confidence up, thinkin’ that you’re on your way. And you got somebody behind closed doors trying to block your way or stop you from doing certain things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728240\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728240\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"South Dos Palos today.\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-800x514.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-1020x655.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday-1200x771.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/SouthDosToday.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">South Dos Palos today. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.meissinger.com/index.html\">Michael Eissinger\u003c/a>, an anthropology professor at Fresno State University who studies historically rural African-American settlements in the San Joaquin Valley, said there were many communities in California like South Dos Palos and Dos Palos — a black community and an all-white community just a few miles apart — existing side by side, separate but interdependent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racism is not 'I don't like you because of your color.' That's bigotry, prejudice,” Eissinger said. \"Racism is when it is done by the system, by society as a whole, and society is done on the \u003cem>landscape\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/post/diversity-fresno-how-racial-covenants-once-ruled-prestigious-neighborhoods\">racially restrictive covenants\u003c/a>, clauses in deeds to properties that specified who could and could not live there, blocked African-American families, and individuals and families of other races, from buying or renting certain homes, including in California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/18486/redlining\">Redlining\u003c/a> created barriers to black families obtaining loans to buy houses in certain neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5633328\">sundown towns\u003c/a>, places that people of color could visit during the day, but had to leave by the time it got dark. You can still \u003ca href=\"https://sundown.tougaloo.edu/sundowntownsshow.php?state=CA\">see the legacy\u003c/a> of this in the Central Valley today, in towns like Clovis, the nearly all-white, affluent suburb of Fresno, and then again in Stockton and Lodi. These are kindred cities walled off by a brief but mandatory drive through farmed landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hours south on Highway 99 is another unincorporated town called Teviston. Once occupied by black families living and working on the outskirts of the mostly white community of Pixley, today Latino families populate most of the houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1946, Bertha Mae Beavers moved to Teviston from Oklahoma at the age of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought they was, you could just come out here and pick money off trees the way they told it. But shoot, I should have stayed in Oklahoma,” the 89-year-old Beavers recalled. “I did the same thing: chopped cotton, picked cotton. I did it all. And it was rough out here, just like in Oklahoma. You had to work hard for your money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-800x735.jpg\" alt=\"Bertha Mae and Benjamin Beavers in Oklahoma around 1945.\" width=\"800\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-800x735.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-160x147.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-1020x937.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen-1200x1102.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BerthaMaeAndBen.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bertha Mae and Benjamin Beavers in Oklahoma around 1945. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shortly after she arrived, a white woman was beat up on the railroad tracks near Teviston and Pixley. A rumor circulated that a black man from Teviston had beat the woman. For a while, no black people were allowed in Pixley, Beavers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would go to work, and get off early,” she said. “And come home and the mens would get they guns and set up all night. I was afraid. And it finally, they finally found out who beat the white lady up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the white woman’s husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He beat her up and they tried to say the black man down here in Teviston beat 'em,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beavers was afraid, but she stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She eventually married her husband in Teviston, and they had 12 children. The family lived on the outskirts of Pixley and worked in the fields to get by. Like South Dos Palos, homes in Teviston didn’t have running water, gas or indoor plumbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-800x815.jpg\" alt=\"Ruth Beavers in Teviston, 1960s.\" width=\"800\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-800x815.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-160x163.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-1020x1039.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-1179x1200.jpg 1179w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RuthBeavers-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruth Beavers in Teviston, 1960s. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Just in the house we lived in, we didn’t have a two bedroom, so with all of us 12 kids we slept in one bedroom. And we could lay in the bed at night ... and see the stars. [Through the] cracks,” recalled Bertha Mae's daughter, Ruth Ann Jones, age 70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ‘60s transformed California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1963, a state law — the \u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0b69q1bw/\">Rumford Act, or California Fair Housing Act\u003c/a> — was passed to end discrimination by property owners who refused to sell or rent to African-Americans. In 1964, the same year the Civil Rights Act was passed, the state ballot initiative Proposition 14 nullified the Rumford Act. The California Supreme Court later ruled Proposition 14 was unconstitutional, and the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt5h4nb0wd;NAAN=13030&doc.view=frames&chunk.id=d0e5393&toc.id=d0e831&brand=oac4\">upheld\u003c/a> that decision. The federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 would eventually outlaw housing discrimination nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around this time, labor organizer Cesar Chavez and a growing movement of farmworkers fighting for better pay and working conditions was \u003ca href=\"https://ufw.org/research/history/ufw-history/\">gaining momentum in the Central Valley\u003c/a>. While some black workers were involved, the movement was largely Chicano and Filipino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where it really started at was in the grapes,” said Ruth Jones’ husband, CL Jones. “They wanted to change things. And they did, you know, make things a lot better for some.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Latino farmworkers began staying in the San Joaquin Valley in greater numbers, instead of going back and forth to Mexico, it began changing the black-white dynamic of Teviston and Pixley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728260\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-800x787.jpg\" alt=\"Benny Beavers lights the family's Box King stove.\" width=\"800\" height=\"787\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-800x787.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-160x157.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-1020x1003.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-1200x1180.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/StoveLighting-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Benny Beavers lights the family's Box King stove. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Beavers family noticed something in the Latino families moving into the area. Something that was completely unfamiliar: a certain boldness and lack of fear that black families coming from the South felt they couldn’t afford to have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Teviston’s residents pushed to get a community well and gas in their homes, some African-American families distanced themselves from upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-800x556.jpg\" alt=\"Lula Jenkins, Annie and Goldie Beavers, and Deloris and Joyce Perry ride in the back of a pickup hauling water in Teviston.\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck-1200x834.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversTruck.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lula Jenkins, Annie and Goldie Beavers, and Deloris and Joyce Perry ride in the back of a pickup hauling water in Teviston. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://ernestlowe.com/\">Courtesy Ernest Lowe\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They were scared the white people could come take their property or take their house so they didn’t really want no gas,” another Beavers daughter, Annie Jo Ellis, age 65, said. “[Because] this is what you grew up with: fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the 1970s and ‘80s, Bertha Mae’s children were able to get out of farm labor, and find new jobs. A few worked at nearby schools as lunch ladies and at the post office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as black people, I don’t think fought as hard as we should have... for what we wanted,” Ruth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know when you come from Oklahoma, you didn’t really have nothin’,” Annie said. “So now you got a little something and they was raised that the white man takes everything. So they just get out here and they still scared of the white man. Let’s tell the truth about it, they were scared ... of white people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11728265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11728265\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"The Beavers family stands outside Friendship Baptist Church in Teviston. The church is one of two still standing in the unincorporated community just south of Pixley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/BeaversToday.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Beavers family stands outside Friendship Baptist Church in Teviston. The church is one of two still standing in the unincorporated community just south of Pixley. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you go to Teviston now, you can see homes scattered throughout the town, but it's not much of a town. There are no businesses, just a boarded-up gas station and two churches. The Beavers still have mixed feelings about how their community has evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll tell you what we used to say when we was growin’ up,\" said CL Jones. \"The white people are watchin’ the wrong people. They was keepin us down, and the Hispanics was steady gettin’ ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In South Dos Palos, as the Marshall siblings grew older and started their own families, they encouraged their children to go to school or work other jobs, anything to stay out of the fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were no jobs that the young blacks wanted to do,” Joe Marshall said. “And then I saw this town kinda dryin’ up. To where, when you come over, you could stop on any corner and holler at somebody and talk for a few minutes. I can come over here now, I might not see nobody! It’s a ghost town. The Mexicans were still working in the fields. And all of a sudden, you started lookin’ up, Mexicans bought this land, build a nice house. Better than some of the houses that’s been here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was OK with Joe, because his kids were getting out and getting ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just an opportunity for [Latinos],” he said. “Our misfortune and their fortune, to be able to come in and buy something and build. To this day, there’s still no jobs here. So you can’t expect this town to grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, South Dos Palos is still a gathering place for the Marshall family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They return here for small gatherings and large family reunions. Every April, hundreds of extended relatives fill the street to celebrate their mother’s birthday. She passed away several years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe looks at his Latino neighbors and can relate to what they’re going through. He knows no one would work in the fields if they didn't have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t see any blacks out there (in the fields) now, you don’t see any whites out there now. It’s all Latinos now. And you want to cry about 'they’re doing our jobs'? No. They didn’t take a job from me. I gave it to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We paid our dues far as laborin’ hard in the fields,” Lee Marshall said. “And believe me, I don’t wanna do it. Whoever wanna do it, I just pray for 'em.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "study-pesticide-mixture-the-culprit-in-almond-grove-bee-die-offs",
"title": "Study: Pesticide Mixture the Culprit in Almond Grove Bee Die-Offs",
"publishDate": 1549660673,
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"headTitle": "Study: Pesticide Mixture the Culprit in Almond Grove Bee Die-Offs | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study has found that a mix of insecticides and fungicides could be the culprit in massive die-offs of honeybees at almond groves in California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research showed that the chemicals do not harm honeybees on their own. It’s when these pesticides mingle in the air together — as they do in almond groves — that they become a lethal combination for bees, according to the study from Ohio State University and the Almond Board of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Almonds.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Fungicides, often needed for crop protection, are routinely used during almond bloom, but in many cases growers were also adding insecticides to the mix,” wrote Reed Johnson, a bee expert at Ohio State University and one of the study’s authors, in an \u003ca href=\"https://news.osu.edu/culprit-found-for-honeybee-deaths-in-almond-groves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">article for Ohio State News\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research shows that some combinations are deadly to the bees, and the simplest thing is to just take the insecticide out of the equation during almond bloom,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the month of February, trucks full of honeybee hives — some 1.5 million colonies — arrive in California. The bees pollinate the almonds, a crop that’s valued at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">more than $5 billion a year.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record die-offs have been documented for years in California. Then, in 2014, things got worse as researchers and farmers observed entire honeybee colonies die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson and the study’s other authors recommend that almond growers completely stop using the pesticides when almond trees are blooming in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honeybees are essential to almond production,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.almonds.com/content/new-ohio-state-university-research-confirms-importance-of-almond-board%E2%80%99s-honey-bee-best\">a statement by Bob Curtis\u003c/a>, pollination consultant and retired director of Agricultural Affairs for the Almond Board of California. “Every almond we eat exists because a honeybee pollinated an almond blossom so it’s in farmers best interest to keep them safe. Our livelihood depends on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lily Jamali and Marnette Federis contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Massive die-offs of honeybees have taken place in Central Valley almond groves. While insecticides and fungicides aren't harmful to bees on their own, an airborne mixture is lethal.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new study has found that a mix of insecticides and fungicides could be the culprit in massive die-offs of honeybees at almond groves in California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research showed that the chemicals do not harm honeybees on their own. It’s when these pesticides mingle in the air together — as they do in almond groves — that they become a lethal combination for bees, according to the study from Ohio State University and the Almond Board of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">February in California: Season for the Almond Bloom, Bees — and Bee Thieves\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Almonds.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Fungicides, often needed for crop protection, are routinely used during almond bloom, but in many cases growers were also adding insecticides to the mix,” wrote Reed Johnson, a bee expert at Ohio State University and one of the study’s authors, in an \u003ca href=\"https://news.osu.edu/culprit-found-for-honeybee-deaths-in-almond-groves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">article for Ohio State News\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our research shows that some combinations are deadly to the bees, and the simplest thing is to just take the insecticide out of the equation during almond bloom,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the month of February, trucks full of honeybee hives — some 1.5 million colonies — arrive in California. The bees pollinate the almonds, a crop that’s valued at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723123/february-in-california-season-for-the-almond-bloom-bees-and-bee-thieves\">more than $5 billion a year.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record die-offs have been documented for years in California. Then, in 2014, things got worse as researchers and farmers observed entire honeybee colonies die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson and the study’s other authors recommend that almond growers completely stop using the pesticides when almond trees are blooming in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honeybees are essential to almond production,” according to \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.almonds.com/content/new-ohio-state-university-research-confirms-importance-of-almond-board%E2%80%99s-honey-bee-best\">a statement by Bob Curtis\u003c/a>, pollination consultant and retired director of Agricultural Affairs for the Almond Board of California. “Every almond we eat exists because a honeybee pollinated an almond blossom so it’s in farmers best interest to keep them safe. Our livelihood depends on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lily Jamali and Marnette Federis contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t’s February. Which means almond growers around the state — you’ve heard \u003ca href=\"http://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2017%20Almanac%20Final%20-%20updated%207.5.18.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">we grow almonds\u003c/a> here, right? — are getting ready for the most crucial few weeks in their entire season. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when bees \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">by the billions\u003c/a> swarm the more than 2,000 square miles of almond orchards in the Central Valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees, trucked in from all over the country, buzz through the vast expanses of almond trees and their trillions of white and pink blossoms to pollinate the crop. It’s an agricultural epic, regarded as the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">largest managed pollination event\u003c/a>” on the planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the season when bees — whole hives of them, sometimes dozens or hundreds of hives at a time — start to go missing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to our recent habit of reading Facebook posts from the Butte County Sheriff’s Office, we came across \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the following item\u003c/a>: A couple was arrested Friday in the community of Biggs, just outside Oroville, on charges of felony possession of stolen property. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property in question: several beehives that had vanished a couple of days earlier from a commercial beekeeping operation about 13 miles west of Biggs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butte sheriff’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> on the arrests said evidence at the scene of the theft suggested someone had taken the hives, put them on a small trailer and driven away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after the hives went missing, the Sheriff’s Office said, Deputy Jay Freeman was alerted to a small utility trailer parked in the driveway of a home in Biggs. The trailer was suspicious, Freeman was told, because the residents were not known to have kept bees or beehives in the past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies determined the hives matched those reported stolen and arrested the home’s residents, Kenneth Dwayne Allen, 55, and Linda Milstead, 52. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fbcsonews%2Fposts%2F1261222800694662&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the sheriff’s statement, Allen and Milstead said they had intended to place the stolen hives in an orchard near Winters, in Yolo County, under a contract for almond pollination. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted on the possession of stolen property charge, they could face up to a year in county jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged Biggs theft wasn’t the only one reported to Butte County authorities last week. The California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/1-28-2019-hive-theft-alert/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced a second incident\u003c/a> west of the town of Richvale in which eight hives were stolen by thieves who may have used a flatbed truck equipped with a boom to carry the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the CSBA alert says, the suspected thieves might have returned to the scene of the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the evening of Jan. 28, the owner of the hives was at the apiary yard getting ready to load bees for almond pollination,” the CSBA said. “An older model late 1980s Chevrolet or similar, 14-foot flatbed truck with a boom on it drove up to the yard after dark, at approximately 6 p.m. When the driver of the vehicle saw there were people in the yard they drove off and out of the area and never returned. It is believed based off the evidence and circumstances that this vehicle may have been involved in the prior theft and was returning to steal more beehives. It is also believed that this vehicle will continue to search for hives to steal as almond pollination is upon us in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]ee thievery is not new. News outlets all over the country have reported on one of the biggest known heists, a Fresno case in which two men were busted in possession of as many as 2,500 beehives reportedly worth nearly $1 million. (See, for instance, in-depth reporting by \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/californias-almond-harvest-has-created-a-golden-opportunity-for-bee-thieves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reveal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-06-26/how-to-steal-50-million-bees\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why is it happening? \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1180x777.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almonds are big business. California’s crop is valued at more than $5 billion a year, and bees that make that payoff possible are impressive earners in their own right. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond growers typically deploy two hives per acre of orchard, with the hives generally renting at between $180 and $200 each for a season that lasts four or five weeks at most. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 2 million or so hives hired out for almond pollination, that adds up to gross revenue of hundreds of millions of dollars earned in about a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen large-scale beekeeping operations reported on a California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018-CSBA-Survey.xlsx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">survey\u003c/a> last year that they hired out total of 91,000 hives for almond pollination and grossed about $17.3 million — an average of more than $1 million each. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is behind the thefts? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consensus among those in the industry is that experienced beekeepers are often responsible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beekeepers have the knowledge and equipment to go in and take the hives and the market to profit from them,” one bee contractor \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/109903/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told NPR\u003c/a> in 2016. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was apparently the case in the big Fresno case. One of the two men arrested in the 2017 Fresno bee rustling, Pavel Tveretinov, is a beekeeper from Sacramento County. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all the headlines it generated, that case is still months from going to trial. After numerous delays, Tveretinov and an alleged accomplice are now scheduled for a preliminary hearing in June — more than two years after their arrests.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>t’s February. Which means almond growers around the state — you’ve heard \u003ca href=\"http://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2017%20Almanac%20Final%20-%20updated%207.5.18.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">we grow almonds\u003c/a> here, right? — are getting ready for the most crucial few weeks in their entire season. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is when bees \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">by the billions\u003c/a> swarm the more than 2,000 square miles of almond orchards in the Central Valley. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees, trucked in from all over the country, buzz through the vast expanses of almond trees and their trillions of white and pink blossoms to pollinate the crop. It’s an agricultural epic, regarded as the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/migratory-beekeeping-mind-boggling-math/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">largest managed pollination event\u003c/a>” on the planet. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also the season when bees — whole hives of them, sometimes dozens or hundreds of hives at a time — start to go missing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to our recent habit of reading Facebook posts from the Butte County Sheriff’s Office, we came across \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the following item\u003c/a>: A couple was arrested Friday in the community of Biggs, just outside Oroville, on charges of felony possession of stolen property. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property in question: several beehives that had vanished a couple of days earlier from a commercial beekeeping operation about 13 miles west of Biggs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butte sheriff’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/bcsonews/photos/pcb.1261222800694662/1261222350694707/?type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> on the arrests said evidence at the scene of the theft suggested someone had taken the hives, put them on a small trailer and driven away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day after the hives went missing, the Sheriff’s Office said, Deputy Jay Freeman was alerted to a small utility trailer parked in the driveway of a home in Biggs. The trailer was suspicious, Freeman was told, because the residents were not known to have kept bees or beehives in the past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies determined the hives matched those reported stolen and arrested the home’s residents, Kenneth Dwayne Allen, 55, and Linda Milstead, 52. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fbcsonews%2Fposts%2F1261222800694662&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the sheriff’s statement, Allen and Milstead said they had intended to place the stolen hives in an orchard near Winters, in Yolo County, under a contract for almond pollination. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted on the possession of stolen property charge, they could face up to a year in county jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The alleged Biggs theft wasn’t the only one reported to Butte County authorities last week. The California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/1-28-2019-hive-theft-alert/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced a second incident\u003c/a> west of the town of Richvale in which eight hives were stolen by thieves who may have used a flatbed truck equipped with a boom to carry the bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the CSBA alert says, the suspected thieves might have returned to the scene of the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the evening of Jan. 28, the owner of the hives was at the apiary yard getting ready to load bees for almond pollination,” the CSBA said. “An older model late 1980s Chevrolet or similar, 14-foot flatbed truck with a boom on it drove up to the yard after dark, at approximately 6 p.m. When the driver of the vehicle saw there were people in the yard they drove off and out of the area and never returned. It is believed based off the evidence and circumstances that this vehicle may have been involved in the prior theft and was returning to steal more beehives. It is also believed that this vehicle will continue to search for hives to steal as almond pollination is upon us in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ee thievery is not new. News outlets all over the country have reported on one of the biggest known heists, a Fresno case in which two men were busted in possession of as many as 2,500 beehives reportedly worth nearly $1 million. (See, for instance, in-depth reporting by \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/californias-almond-harvest-has-created-a-golden-opportunity-for-bee-thieves/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reveal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-06-26/how-to-steal-50-million-bees\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why is it happening? \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1180x777.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almonds are big business. California’s crop is valued at more than $5 billion a year, and bees that make that payoff possible are impressive earners in their own right. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond growers typically deploy two hives per acre of orchard, with the hives generally renting at between $180 and $200 each for a season that lasts four or five weeks at most. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With 2 million or so hives hired out for almond pollination, that adds up to gross revenue of hundreds of millions of dollars earned in about a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen large-scale beekeeping operations reported on a California State Beekeepers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiastatebeekeepers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/2018-CSBA-Survey.xlsx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">survey\u003c/a> last year that they hired out total of 91,000 hives for almond pollination and grossed about $17.3 million — an average of more than $1 million each. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is behind the thefts? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consensus among those in the industry is that experienced beekeepers are often responsible. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beekeepers have the knowledge and equipment to go in and take the hives and the market to profit from them,” one bee contractor \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/109903/beekeepers-feel-the-sting-of-hives-stolen-in-california\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told NPR\u003c/a> in 2016. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was apparently the case in the big Fresno case. One of the two men arrested in the 2017 Fresno bee rustling, Pavel Tveretinov, is a beekeeper from Sacramento County. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all the headlines it generated, that case is still months from going to trial. After numerous delays, Tveretinov and an alleged accomplice are now scheduled for a preliminary hearing in June — more than two years after their arrests.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bakersfield's 'The Soul Chance' Goes Analog to Capture Retro Reggae Sound",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bakersfield is a legendary country and honky-tonk music spot, and the birthplace of the \"Bakersfield sound,\" defined by artists like Merle Haggard and Buck Owens. But the Central Valley city is also home to a reggae soul band called \u003ca href=\"http://smarturl.it/clmn160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Soul Chance\u003c/a>. When record collectors first hear their music on vinyl, some assume the band is straight out of the 1960s, but The Soul Chance was formed in 2017. They capture that retro sound by recording with old-fashioned reel-to-reel tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following is an excerpt from an interview with band members A.J. Brewer and Nico Collins. They talk about replicating early reggae and working as a couple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713224\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713224 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-960x1200.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nico Collins and A.J. Brewer of the Bakersfield group \"The Soul Chance\" recently released their latest 45 on Colemine Records. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Soul Chance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On being from Bakersfield:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A.J. Brewer: Where the I-5 is it's all fields and agriculture, so people are like, ‘Oh, that must be a little farm town.’ Bakersfield is not a small town. Nobody's walking around with a straw hat and a piece of straw hanging out of their mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what makes them different from mainstream reggae groups:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: When [a lot of people] think of reggae music, Bob Marley comes to mind. But a lot of people don't know that Bob Marley did ska. So the genre of music that we do is something that Bob Marley did himself and it’s the style of early reggae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On capturing the sound of early reggae:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A.J. Brewer: The Soul Chance basically mimics the old sounds by recording on analog equipment such as reel-to-reel tape. The singing has a lot to do with capturing the styles of the older artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/Bqp1I--gwN6/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: There's something to be said about stepping back and just actually holding a note out without having to do all these runs. Each member of The Soul Chance has a different strength that we bring to the table, to pay respect to the traditional reggae style.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On rewriting Billy Stewart’s classic “Sitting in the Park”: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: In Billy Stewart's version, he's waiting on his love. In our version, the woman sees him sitting in the park and doesn't appreciate that he's trying to paint the picture that he's the victim. He is messing around and she knows it. So she left him waiting in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713231\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut.jpg 862w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakersfield natives A.J. Brewer (left) and Nico Collins (right) produce soul and reggae music in their hometown known for country music. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Soul Chance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On making music as a couple:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: It's just another perk to our awesome relationship and it's great to be able to do things that you enjoy with someone that you love.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bakersfield is a legendary country and honky-tonk music spot, and the birthplace of the \"Bakersfield sound,\" defined by artists like Merle Haggard and Buck Owens. But the Central Valley city is also home to a reggae soul band called \u003ca href=\"http://smarturl.it/clmn160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Soul Chance\u003c/a>. When record collectors first hear their music on vinyl, some assume the band is straight out of the 1960s, but The Soul Chance was formed in 2017. They capture that retro sound by recording with old-fashioned reel-to-reel tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following is an excerpt from an interview with band members A.J. Brewer and Nico Collins. They talk about replicating early reggae and working as a couple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713224\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713224 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut-960x1200.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34489_soul-chance-pic3-qut.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nico Collins and A.J. Brewer of the Bakersfield group \"The Soul Chance\" recently released their latest 45 on Colemine Records. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Soul Chance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On being from Bakersfield:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A.J. Brewer: Where the I-5 is it's all fields and agriculture, so people are like, ‘Oh, that must be a little farm town.’ Bakersfield is not a small town. Nobody's walking around with a straw hat and a piece of straw hanging out of their mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what makes them different from mainstream reggae groups:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: When [a lot of people] think of reggae music, Bob Marley comes to mind. But a lot of people don't know that Bob Marley did ska. So the genre of music that we do is something that Bob Marley did himself and it’s the style of early reggae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On capturing the sound of early reggae:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A.J. Brewer: The Soul Chance basically mimics the old sounds by recording on analog equipment such as reel-to-reel tape. The singing has a lot to do with capturing the styles of the older artists.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nico Collins: There's something to be said about stepping back and just actually holding a note out without having to do all these runs. Each member of The Soul Chance has a different strength that we bring to the table, to pay respect to the traditional reggae style.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On rewriting Billy Stewart’s classic “Sitting in the Park”: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: In Billy Stewart's version, he's waiting on his love. In our version, the woman sees him sitting in the park and doesn't appreciate that he's trying to paint the picture that he's the victim. He is messing around and she knows it. So she left him waiting in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713231\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34490_Soul-Chance_Pic-qut.jpg 862w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bakersfield natives A.J. Brewer (left) and Nico Collins (right) produce soul and reggae music in their hometown known for country music. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Soul Chance)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On making music as a couple:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nico Collins: It's just another perk to our awesome relationship and it's great to be able to do things that you enjoy with someone that you love.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Voter Confusion Reported in Closely Watched Central Valley Races",
"title": "Voter Confusion Reported in Closely Watched Central Valley Races",
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"content": "\u003cp>In two fiercely contested Central Valley congressional races in November, where long-serving Republican incumbents Jeff Denham and David Valadao both ended up losing their seats by thin margins to their Democratic challengers, some voters were confused and misinformed at the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modesto attorney Lisa Battista, who coordinated a group of volunteer election observers, said polling places in Stanislaus County ran out of pink envelopes used to separate provisional ballots on election night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then confusion set in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The poll workers didn’t know what to do,” Battista said. “They turned a lot of people away and told them: 'I'm sorry you can't vote here. You have to go find another polling place.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Battista said she made an \u003ca href=\"https://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article221248025.html\">emergency request\u003c/a> to keep polls open past 8 p.m., but a judge turned it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanislaus County Clerk Lee Lundrigan confirmed that the envelopes ran out and had to be replaced on election night, but she said the provisional ballots were separated using alternative methods, including placing them in other envelopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All provisionally voted ballots that could be counted have been counted, regardless of the method of segregation from the other ballots,” Lundrigan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also unclear if voters who arrived at precincts other than the ones they were assigned to were told to go to the correct polling places, or if they were simply turned away and went home without casting a ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's no way to track what individual voters did,” Battista said. “If they were told ‘You can't vote here,’ they left and we'll never know if they went and found another place to vote or if they just went home and forgot about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “I was getting so many phone calls about problems with provisional ballots and broken machines and not enough places to vote. My confidence in the sort of validity of the vote after Election Day was not very high, given all of the problems we saw.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue underscores how widely the voting experience differs across California's 58 counties, notes Kim Alexander, president of the California Voter Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see counties that have lots of staff and lots of resources being able to provide early voting opportunities, voting the weekend before the election, satellite offices,” she said. “And other counties are just barely getting by.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: Voters in Kings County were told they could register to vote on Election Day and cast their ballot at a polling place. But, it turns out, that wasn’t true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some poll workers seemed confused about California's new\u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/administration/regulations/current-regulations/elections/conditional-voter-registration/#20021\"> Conditional Voter Registration (CVR) system\u003c/a>, a new rule allowing eligible voters who missed the state's Oct. 22 registration deadline to go to their county elections office or a designated satellite location and register to vote conditionally through Election Day. Ballots could then be processed after the county elections office completed the verification process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kings County Registrar of Voters Kristine Lee said she received calls from poll workers on Election Day asking whether voters could conditionally vote, and she instructed them to allow it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think whether someone registers at a polling place or inside the office should be a determining factor in counting the ballots,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 conditional ballots were cast at polling places in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the election, Lee said attorneys representing both candidates contacted her about the ballots. According to Lee, the attorney for Valadao’s campaign said those ballots should not be counted. The Secretary of State's Office confirmed that the ballots had indeed been cast invalidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge later decided that the registrar’s error should not prevent the 126 ballots from being counted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's what's happening in these counties where we see these really tight contests, where it comes down to a very small number of ballots that is going to decide the outcome,” Alexander said. “Every vote really does count. And that's why you've got campaigns looking much more closely at what's happening administratively after the polls close and what's happening with ballots that may be in dispute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, said Raul Macias with the ACLU of California Voting Rights Project, the onus certainly shouldn't be on the voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how they can be expected to be experts in election law,\" he said. \"Even the election official was confused about what was allowed here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year Macias sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5448613-ACLU-Letter.html\">a letter\u003c/a> to the secretary of state arguing that the new CVR system was too restrictive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a number of states that allow same-day registration at polling sites,” he said. “I think that’s what California should be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mismatched and missing signatures were also a concern for voters in Kings County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Harris, from Hanford, said a volunteer with the Democratic Party contacted his daughter the day after the election to inform her that both of their ballots were in danger of not being counted because of missing signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wanted to have two signatures for the ballot to count,” Harris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to missing or mismatched signatures, individuals who vote by mail are usually notified with a letter. Voters who cast their ballot in person, however, are not always notified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Secretary of State’s Office provides the opportunity for voters to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/publications-and-resources/voter-complaint/\">file a complaint \u003c/a>if they have concerns, said spokesman Jesse Melgar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secretary of state works every day to ensure that all eligible Californians have an opportunity to vote and that their votes are counted,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Election observers report poll workers ran out of supplies and gave voters incorrect information.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In two fiercely contested Central Valley congressional races in November, where long-serving Republican incumbents Jeff Denham and David Valadao both ended up losing their seats by thin margins to their Democratic challengers, some voters were confused and misinformed at the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modesto attorney Lisa Battista, who coordinated a group of volunteer election observers, said polling places in Stanislaus County ran out of pink envelopes used to separate provisional ballots on election night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then confusion set in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The poll workers didn’t know what to do,” Battista said. “They turned a lot of people away and told them: 'I'm sorry you can't vote here. You have to go find another polling place.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Battista said she made an \u003ca href=\"https://www.modbee.com/news/politics-government/election/article221248025.html\">emergency request\u003c/a> to keep polls open past 8 p.m., but a judge turned it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanislaus County Clerk Lee Lundrigan confirmed that the envelopes ran out and had to be replaced on election night, but she said the provisional ballots were separated using alternative methods, including placing them in other envelopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All provisionally voted ballots that could be counted have been counted, regardless of the method of segregation from the other ballots,” Lundrigan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also unclear if voters who arrived at precincts other than the ones they were assigned to were told to go to the correct polling places, or if they were simply turned away and went home without casting a ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's no way to track what individual voters did,” Battista said. “If they were told ‘You can't vote here,’ they left and we'll never know if they went and found another place to vote or if they just went home and forgot about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “I was getting so many phone calls about problems with provisional ballots and broken machines and not enough places to vote. My confidence in the sort of validity of the vote after Election Day was not very high, given all of the problems we saw.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue underscores how widely the voting experience differs across California's 58 counties, notes Kim Alexander, president of the California Voter Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see counties that have lots of staff and lots of resources being able to provide early voting opportunities, voting the weekend before the election, satellite offices,” she said. “And other counties are just barely getting by.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: Voters in Kings County were told they could register to vote on Election Day and cast their ballot at a polling place. But, it turns out, that wasn’t true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some poll workers seemed confused about California's new\u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/administration/regulations/current-regulations/elections/conditional-voter-registration/#20021\"> Conditional Voter Registration (CVR) system\u003c/a>, a new rule allowing eligible voters who missed the state's Oct. 22 registration deadline to go to their county elections office or a designated satellite location and register to vote conditionally through Election Day. Ballots could then be processed after the county elections office completed the verification process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kings County Registrar of Voters Kristine Lee said she received calls from poll workers on Election Day asking whether voters could conditionally vote, and she instructed them to allow it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think whether someone registers at a polling place or inside the office should be a determining factor in counting the ballots,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 conditional ballots were cast at polling places in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the election, Lee said attorneys representing both candidates contacted her about the ballots. According to Lee, the attorney for Valadao’s campaign said those ballots should not be counted. The Secretary of State's Office confirmed that the ballots had indeed been cast invalidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge later decided that the registrar’s error should not prevent the 126 ballots from being counted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's what's happening in these counties where we see these really tight contests, where it comes down to a very small number of ballots that is going to decide the outcome,” Alexander said. “Every vote really does count. And that's why you've got campaigns looking much more closely at what's happening administratively after the polls close and what's happening with ballots that may be in dispute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, said Raul Macias with the ACLU of California Voting Rights Project, the onus certainly shouldn't be on the voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how they can be expected to be experts in election law,\" he said. \"Even the election official was confused about what was allowed here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year Macias sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5448613-ACLU-Letter.html\">a letter\u003c/a> to the secretary of state arguing that the new CVR system was too restrictive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a number of states that allow same-day registration at polling sites,” he said. “I think that’s what California should be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mismatched and missing signatures were also a concern for voters in Kings County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Harris, from Hanford, said a volunteer with the Democratic Party contacted his daughter the day after the election to inform her that both of their ballots were in danger of not being counted because of missing signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wanted to have two signatures for the ballot to count,” Harris said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to missing or mismatched signatures, individuals who vote by mail are usually notified with a letter. Voters who cast their ballot in person, however, are not always notified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Secretary of State’s Office provides the opportunity for voters to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/publications-and-resources/voter-complaint/\">file a complaint \u003c/a>if they have concerns, said spokesman Jesse Melgar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The secretary of state works every day to ensure that all eligible Californians have an opportunity to vote and that their votes are counted,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "these-invasive-20-pound-rodents-could-wreak-havoc-on-california-agriculture",
"title": "These Invasive 20-Pound Rodents Could Wreak Havoc on California Agriculture",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]M[/dropcap]erced County sweet potato farmer Stan Silva hadn’t even heard the word “nutria” until a few months ago. He’s still never seen one, but he’s worried about the damage these 20-pound rodents with big orange buck teeth could do in California if they’re not eradicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be devastating,” Silva says. “They can basically ruin the ag industry here — they get in your fields, burrow into your canal ways, your waterways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can also tear up crops and levees, making the state’s water infrastructure more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708871\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron and Stan Silva at the packing plant for their family farm, Doreva Produce. Their family has been farming in Merced County for over 100 years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron and Stan Silva at the packing plant for their family farm, Doreva Produce. Their family has been farming in Merced County for over 100 years. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nutria aren’t native to California, or the United States. Fur farmers brought the South American rodent to Southern California in the late 1800s as an attempt to make an affordable mink alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite multiple attempts, the nutria fur business never took off — but the rodents went feral. California’s Department of Food and Agriculture determined that they were eradicated in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, a few \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11649794/california-officials-set-up-invasive-swamp-rodent-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were spotted again in Merced County\u003c/a>, and they’re multiplying. Nutria can have up to 200 babies a year. By this April, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife had to create a task force. Now, the rodents are on the move, north toward the San Joaquin Delta, California’s most important water source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re just a menace,” Silva says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why, for the last few months, the Silva family has given away thousands of pounds of what they grow because what’s most at threat for the Silvas — their sweet potatoes — just happen to be unlikely weapons in the fight against the nutria scourge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708874\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708874\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Silvas are one of a few farming families in Merced County giving away their produce to help fight an invasive pest. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stan Silva’s grandparents came to the Central Valley from the Azores and Lisbon, Portugal, in the early 1900s, and started farming on small plots. Now, the \u003ca href=\"http://dorevaproduce.com/\">Silva family farm\u003c/a> grows sweet potatoes on 850 acres and supplies the largest retailers in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We dump ‘em in our wash tank here, they continue on through the conveyor, through the heater, and the ladies on the other end are sorting and packing to go to market,” Stan Silva says as he walks around the packing facility with his son and grandson — three generations of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back is a huge gyro machine, which processes 30 bags of sweet potatoes in a minute. Grandson Rueger Silva is in charge of its operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708881\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708881\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sweet potatoes at the Silva farm make their way to the cleaning tank. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m only 18, but my dad had a heart attack so I had to come back and help with everything,” he says as he darts around the machine, pressing buttons and checking the conveyor belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late summer, 44-year-old Aaron Silva had a massive heart attack that left him hospitalized for a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Rueger] left college to come back to help on the ranch until his father gets further along here,” Stan Silva says proudly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Silva is still recovering from a brain injury that was a side effect of the heart attack. He says he’s having to relearn longtime customers’ names and faces. But, he says, he didn’t lose any memory of the process of farming and packing sweet potatoes. Farming is in his blood, and he doesn’t want anything to threaten it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 20 miles from the packing plant, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> biologist Sean McCain is spying on some nutria making nests in a marsh full of tule reeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean McCain, from California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, points out nutria habitat. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think they know we’re here yet,” he whispers as he sneaks up to the edge of the marsh. He points out a few of the rodents, which look like a cross between rats and beavers, with scaly tails, webbed feet and big orange bucked teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain first saw a family of nutria here two weeks ago, and since then he’s been coming back to this spot almost every day to check on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been watching the vegetation recede away from the middle of the pond,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutria can eat up to 25 percent of their body weight in one day. They munch on the roots of green duckweeds, cattails and tule reeds. If they clear-cut an entire marsh like this one, they put all the birds and frogs and other species that depend on it at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nutria problem is potentially so big that the Department of Fish and Wildlife is pulling staff from all over the state for on-the-ground training.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11649829/swamp-creatures\">Swamp Creatures\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11649829/swamp-creatures\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/calnutria_021318_final-1180x1180.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At another pond, the team hasn’t seen any nutria in the flesh, so they’re setting up a wildlife camera to see if they can capture them on tape, and creating a feeding platform within the camera’s range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wade into chest-deep water, yank reeds out of the marsh to make a little nest, and put bait on a wooden platform: bright orange slices of sweet potato to lure the rodents. It turns out, nutria love its color and taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain does this kind of work all day long: trying to get eyes on nutria, assessing their habitat and checking cameras to determine the right place for traps. When we get back to the car, he plugs an SD card from one of the wildlife cameras into his laptop and we watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There we go,” he says as a big family of nutria sneak onto the screen. “Those are adult nutria, and that one just stole our sweet potato.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the team has confirmed a big family of nutria in this swamp, they’ll send in trappers, who will set traps all over the area to start to eradicate this population one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708867\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has captured just over 330 nutria so far.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has captured just over 330 nutria so far. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a larger plan taking place at the Nutria Incident Command Center at an old hunting check station near Los Banos, California. Greg Gerstenberg holds down the fort here as the Incident Command chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the deep freeze out back, Gerstenberg rummages around for frozen nutria. He pulls out nutria heads and bottles of their urine — helpful for trapping. They’re keeping these for training, and they give some to other departments for taxidermy and display in their offices, in case a farmer wanted to come and see what one looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also looking at how other states have dealt with the problem. Louisiana is offering a bounty to hunters to counter their out-of-control nutria problem. Gerstenberg is modeling California’s efforts on Chesapeake Bay’s, where they successfully eradicated nutria.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660045/californias-lost-wetlands-reborn-thanks-to-central-valley-rice-farms\">California’s Lost Wetlands Get Help From Sacramento Valley Rice Farms\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660045/californias-lost-wetlands-reborn-thanks-to-central-valley-rice-farms\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeeseOnRice-1180x770.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On the walls of the command center, huge maps of the Central Valley and San Joaquin Delta are covered with pink, yellow and blue dots showing where nutria have been spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerstenberg says, after capturing nutria on camera in the southern Delta, Fish and Wildlife will pull their resources from Merced County and create a sort of fire line just north of this sighting, limiting and pushing the nutria out before they start to multiply in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has trapped over 330 nutria since April. Gerstenberg says he hopes they’re not in the thousands, but he has no way to confirm or estimate the nutria’s number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to remove them quicker than they’re reproducing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story first aired on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/programs/crosscurrents#stream/0\">KALW’s Crosscurrents\u003c/a>. It was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Silva family, longtime Central Valley sweet potato farmers, are donating 5 tons of their product to help capture and eradicate destructive nutria.",
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"title": "These Invasive 20-Pound Rodents Could Wreak Havoc on California Agriculture | KQED",
"description": "The Silva family, longtime Central Valley sweet potato farmers, are donating 5 tons of their product to help capture and eradicate destructive nutria.",
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"headline": "These Invasive 20-Pound Rodents Could Wreak Havoc on California Agriculture",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lmorehouse\">Lisa Morehouse\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/angelajohnston\">Angela Johnston\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">M\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>erced County sweet potato farmer Stan Silva hadn’t even heard the word “nutria” until a few months ago. He’s still never seen one, but he’s worried about the damage these 20-pound rodents with big orange buck teeth could do in California if they’re not eradicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be devastating,” Silva says. “They can basically ruin the ag industry here — they get in your fields, burrow into your canal ways, your waterways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can also tear up crops and levees, making the state’s water infrastructure more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708871\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Aaron and Stan Silva at the packing plant for their family farm, Doreva Produce. Their family has been farming in Merced County for over 100 years.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34234_Aaron-and-Stan-Silva-at-the-packing-plant-for-their-family-farm-Doreva-Produce.-Their-familys-been-farming-in-Merced-County-for-over-100-years.-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron and Stan Silva at the packing plant for their family farm, Doreva Produce. Their family has been farming in Merced County for over 100 years. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nutria aren’t native to California, or the United States. Fur farmers brought the South American rodent to Southern California in the late 1800s as an attempt to make an affordable mink alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite multiple attempts, the nutria fur business never took off — but the rodents went feral. California’s Department of Food and Agriculture determined that they were eradicated in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, a few \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11649794/california-officials-set-up-invasive-swamp-rodent-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were spotted again in Merced County\u003c/a>, and they’re multiplying. Nutria can have up to 200 babies a year. By this April, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife had to create a task force. Now, the rodents are on the move, north toward the San Joaquin Delta, California’s most important water source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re just a menace,” Silva says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why, for the last few months, the Silva family has given away thousands of pounds of what they grow because what’s most at threat for the Silvas — their sweet potatoes — just happen to be unlikely weapons in the fight against the nutria scourge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708874\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708874\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34239_The-Silvas-are-one-of-a-few-farming-families-in-Merced-County-giving-away-their-produce-to-help-fight-an-invasive-pest-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Silvas are one of a few farming families in Merced County giving away their produce to help fight an invasive pest. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stan Silva’s grandparents came to the Central Valley from the Azores and Lisbon, Portugal, in the early 1900s, and started farming on small plots. Now, the \u003ca href=\"http://dorevaproduce.com/\">Silva family farm\u003c/a> grows sweet potatoes on 850 acres and supplies the largest retailers in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We dump ‘em in our wash tank here, they continue on through the conveyor, through the heater, and the ladies on the other end are sorting and packing to go to market,” Stan Silva says as he walks around the packing facility with his son and grandson — three generations of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the back is a huge gyro machine, which processes 30 bags of sweet potatoes in a minute. Grandson Rueger Silva is in charge of its operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708881\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708881\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34237_Sweet-potatoes-at-the-Silva-farm-make-their-way-to-the-cleaning-tank-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sweet potatoes at the Silva farm make their way to the cleaning tank. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m only 18, but my dad had a heart attack so I had to come back and help with everything,” he says as he darts around the machine, pressing buttons and checking the conveyor belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late summer, 44-year-old Aaron Silva had a massive heart attack that left him hospitalized for a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Rueger] left college to come back to help on the ranch until his father gets further along here,” Stan Silva says proudly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Silva is still recovering from a brain injury that was a side effect of the heart attack. He says he’s having to relearn longtime customers’ names and faces. But, he says, he didn’t lose any memory of the process of farming and packing sweet potatoes. Farming is in his blood, and he doesn’t want anything to threaten it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just 20 miles from the packing plant, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> biologist Sean McCain is spying on some nutria making nests in a marsh full of tule reeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11708876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34235_Sean-McCain-from-Californias-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-points-out-nutria-habitat.-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean McCain, from California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife, points out nutria habitat. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think they know we’re here yet,” he whispers as he sneaks up to the edge of the marsh. He points out a few of the rodents, which look like a cross between rats and beavers, with scaly tails, webbed feet and big orange bucked teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain first saw a family of nutria here two weeks ago, and since then he’s been coming back to this spot almost every day to check on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been watching the vegetation recede away from the middle of the pond,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nutria can eat up to 25 percent of their body weight in one day. They munch on the roots of green duckweeds, cattails and tule reeds. If they clear-cut an entire marsh like this one, they put all the birds and frogs and other species that depend on it at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nutria problem is potentially so big that the Department of Fish and Wildlife is pulling staff from all over the state for on-the-ground training.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11649829/swamp-creatures\">Swamp Creatures\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11649829/swamp-creatures\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/calnutria_021318_final-1180x1180.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At another pond, the team hasn’t seen any nutria in the flesh, so they’re setting up a wildlife camera to see if they can capture them on tape, and creating a feeding platform within the camera’s range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wade into chest-deep water, yank reeds out of the marsh to make a little nest, and put bait on a wooden platform: bright orange slices of sweet potato to lure the rodents. It turns out, nutria love its color and taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain does this kind of work all day long: trying to get eyes on nutria, assessing their habitat and checking cameras to determine the right place for traps. When we get back to the car, he plugs an SD card from one of the wildlife cameras into his laptop and we watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There we go,” he says as a big family of nutria sneak onto the screen. “Those are adult nutria, and that one just stole our sweet potato.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the team has confirmed a big family of nutria in this swamp, they’ll send in trappers, who will set traps all over the area to start to eradicate this population one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708867\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has captured just over 330 nutria so far.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34236_California-Department-of-Fish-and-Wildlifes-Greg-Gerstenberg-shows-off-a-frozen-nutria-head.-Theyve-captured-just-over-330-of-the-invasive-species-so-far..-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Department of Fish and Wildlife has captured just over 330 nutria so far. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s part of a larger plan taking place at the Nutria Incident Command Center at an old hunting check station near Los Banos, California. Greg Gerstenberg holds down the fort here as the Incident Command chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the deep freeze out back, Gerstenberg rummages around for frozen nutria. He pulls out nutria heads and bottles of their urine — helpful for trapping. They’re keeping these for training, and they give some to other departments for taxidermy and display in their offices, in case a farmer wanted to come and see what one looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also looking at how other states have dealt with the problem. Louisiana is offering a bounty to hunters to counter their out-of-control nutria problem. Gerstenberg is modeling California’s efforts on Chesapeake Bay’s, where they successfully eradicated nutria.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660045/californias-lost-wetlands-reborn-thanks-to-central-valley-rice-farms\">California’s Lost Wetlands Get Help From Sacramento Valley Rice Farms\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660045/californias-lost-wetlands-reborn-thanks-to-central-valley-rice-farms\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeeseOnRice-1180x770.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On the walls of the command center, huge maps of the Central Valley and San Joaquin Delta are covered with pink, yellow and blue dots showing where nutria have been spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerstenberg says, after capturing nutria on camera in the southern Delta, Fish and Wildlife will pull their resources from Merced County and create a sort of fire line just north of this sighting, limiting and pushing the nutria out before they start to multiply in the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has trapped over 330 nutria since April. Gerstenberg says he hopes they’re not in the thousands, but he has no way to confirm or estimate the nutria’s number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to remove them quicker than they’re reproducing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story first aired on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/programs/crosscurrents#stream/0\">KALW’s Crosscurrents\u003c/a>. It was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Josh Harder Looks Toward Congress, Says He Wants House Leader Who Will Push for Dream Act",
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"content": "\u003cp>A week after the midterm elections, Democratic challenger Josh Harder \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704247/these-7-california-congressional-races-could-determine-which-party-controls-the-house\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is the winner\u003c/a> in the race to represent California’s 10th Congressional District in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder beat out Republican incumbent Jeff Denham, who has served in Congress since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denham, who led the votes after Election Day but was eventually overtaken by Harder in the following days, conceded Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he shares the enthusiasm of many newly elected members of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be, I think, the most diverse freshman class in U.S. House of Representatives history,” Harder told \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> on Wednesday. “And just judging from some of the conversations that we’re having, I think it’s going to be a really exciting Congress where we actually have a chance to put in things that people elected us on just last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he spoke with Denham about a productive transition plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I expect there’s going to be a pretty gracious handoff and a good transition plan,” said Harder. “The valley has a history of bipartisanship. I think the rest of the country could learn a lot from how Republicans and Democrats have a history of working together in this district.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he admires Denham’s ability to manage both family obligations and his work. Harder himself married about three months ago, during his congressional campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proximity of the 10th District, which borders the Bay Area, led many Bay Area liberals to pour time and money into Harder’s campaign, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702945/bay-area-looms-large-in-central-valley-sister-district-house-race\">which raised $7 million in his bid to unseat Denham\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We felt good on election night that we had left everything we could, every ounce of effort on the floor, and now we have a chance to actually fulfill all those promises,” said Harder. “I tell people, you know, we have only been granted the opportunity to do good things and now it’s up to us to go out and actually do them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he hasn’t made a firm commitment to vote for congresswoman Nancy Pelosi to be the next majority House leader. But he wants a leader who will push for legislation that would protect undocumented young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to vote for a speaker who’s going to put forward a clean Dream Act on the floor of the House to make sure that we’re protecting the tens of thousands of dreamers in my district and elsewhere in the valley,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A week after the midterm elections, Democratic challenger to GOP incumbent Jeff Denham is the winner in the race for California's 10th Congressional District. \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A week after the midterm elections, Democratic challenger Josh Harder \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704247/these-7-california-congressional-races-could-determine-which-party-controls-the-house\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is the winner\u003c/a> in the race to represent California’s 10th Congressional District in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder beat out Republican incumbent Jeff Denham, who has served in Congress since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denham, who led the votes after Election Day but was eventually overtaken by Harder in the following days, conceded Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he shares the enthusiasm of many newly elected members of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be, I think, the most diverse freshman class in U.S. House of Representatives history,” Harder told \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> on Wednesday. “And just judging from some of the conversations that we’re having, I think it’s going to be a really exciting Congress where we actually have a chance to put in things that people elected us on just last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he spoke with Denham about a productive transition plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I expect there’s going to be a pretty gracious handoff and a good transition plan,” said Harder. “The valley has a history of bipartisanship. I think the rest of the country could learn a lot from how Republicans and Democrats have a history of working together in this district.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he admires Denham’s ability to manage both family obligations and his work. Harder himself married about three months ago, during his congressional campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proximity of the 10th District, which borders the Bay Area, led many Bay Area liberals to pour time and money into Harder’s campaign, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702945/bay-area-looms-large-in-central-valley-sister-district-house-race\">which raised $7 million in his bid to unseat Denham\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We felt good on election night that we had left everything we could, every ounce of effort on the floor, and now we have a chance to actually fulfill all those promises,” said Harder. “I tell people, you know, we have only been granted the opportunity to do good things and now it’s up to us to go out and actually do them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harder said he hasn’t made a firm commitment to vote for congresswoman Nancy Pelosi to be the next majority House leader. But he wants a leader who will push for legislation that would protect undocumented young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to vote for a speaker who’s going to put forward a clean Dream Act on the floor of the House to make sure that we’re protecting the tens of thousands of dreamers in my district and elsewhere in the valley,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
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