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"content": "\u003cp>The police killing of a 22-year-old unarmed man in Vallejo early Tuesday morning marks the latest incident in a city where families of those killed by police have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769266/the-long-storied-history-of-police-community-tension-in-vallejo\">demanding justice for years\u003c/a>. On Friday, California’s attorney general announced plans to review and reform the Vallejo Police Department (VPD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our communities speak up, we must listen — and, in recent days, people across California and the nation, and in Vallejo, have bravely come together to make their voices heard,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-announces-agreement-review-and-reform-vallejo-police\">statement\u003c/a>. “This is only a first step in our broader fight for racial justice. We must all do our part, and we must do it now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Justice will collaborate with the city and VPD to create a policing plan that aims to improve use-of-force procedures, anti-bias and community policing and accountability, by focusing on training, policy and transparency, Becerra's office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This policy review was entered into with cooperation from the city of Vallejo and its police department, and will produce recommendations for changes. The review is different from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/file/how-pp-investigations-work/download\">\"pattern-or-practice\" investigation\u003c/a>, which would allow the attorney general’s office to both investigate departmental practices and force changes through a court order. It’s possible that the current policy review could become a pattern-or-practice investigation, if Becerra’s office determines that to be necessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"george-floyd\" label=\"related coverage\"]Still, Tuesday's VPD killing of Sean Monterrosa, a Latino man from San Francisco, contributes to a long-standing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/135682/amid-a-series-of-vallejo-police-shootings-one-officers-name-stands-out\">history\u003c/a> of community mistrust of the police, as calls for justice and outside intervention continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer who killed Monterrosa has been placed on leave pending an investigation by the department, though he has yet to be identified. Meanwhile, residents are demanding the officer be fired and body camera footage be released. Rep. Mike Thompson, D-Helena, is also calling for an independent investigation of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His family, loved ones and community deserve to have a clear understanding of the events that led to this shooting. That’s why I support an independent investigation into the incident. If wrongdoing is found, justice must be upheld,” Thompson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To pay for legal fees and funeral arrangements, Monterrosa's family created a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/gofundmecomSeanMonterrosa\">GoFundMe\u003c/a> page. \"He was a wonderful son, brother, friend who touched the lives of those around him. He was loyal, hard working, and had a heart of gold. He was truly one of a kind,\" the page says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Unarmed, Shot While on His Knees\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fatal shooting of Monterrosa occurred as protests across the country erupted following the recent police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade and others. But demonstrations against police violence \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768008/the-life-and-death-of-willie-mccoy\">aren’t new to Vallejo\u003c/a> — in fact, residents have been protesting for reform and social justice for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid recent protests Tuesday morning shortly after midnight, officers responded to reports of a break-in at a Walgreens, said Vallejo Police Chief Shawny Williams during a press conference on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Burris, an attorney for Monterrosa's family\"]'This young man was shot multiple times while he was on his knees and appeared to be trying to surrender.'[/pullquote]Officers saw Monterrosa running, when suddenly he stopped and kneeled, placing his hands above his waist, Williams said, revealing what officers believed to be the butt of a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer fired five times through a police car windshield, hitting Monterrosa once, according to Williams. An investigation revealed Monterrosa had a 15-inch hammer tucked into his sweatshirt pocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Burris, an attorney for the family, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b426090f37435d1b824a3ef9c2ee7ebd\">told the Associated Press\u003c/a> he is appalled police would shoot at a person who was on his knees with his hands raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This young man was shot multiple times while he was on his knees and appeared to be trying to surrender,” Burris said, adding that he understands tensions have been high. “But one has to maintain control and you don’t get to arbitrarily shoot someone in a panic, just because the situation is excitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Renewed Demands for Justice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among those attending Thursday's press conference on Monterrosa’s killing was Alicia Saddler, whose brother \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768852/one-night-two-narratives\">Angel Ramos was shot and killed\u003c/a> by Vallejo police in 2017. Police said they thought he was stabbing another person during a fight — but no knife was found near him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fire him! Not paid leave, fire him for killing a man that was on his knees!” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saddler has repeatedly called on the department to hold its officers accountable for deaths like her brother's, and said it’s been hard to get locals to organize around police killings. Families like Saddler's have struggled for years to raise awareness of what they see as a pattern of black and brown men gunned down by local police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Alicia Saddler, whose brother was shot and killed by Vallejo Police in 2017\"]'People are caring, our youth are caring, people of our community and everybody’s coming together.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Saddler sees national protests since the killing of George Floyd as a moment of reckoning for Vallejo, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Monterrosa’s killing, roughly 100 people attended a march she held in Vallejo for her brother and George Floyd. The protest also marked what would have been her brother’s 25th birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the deaths of Floyd and now, Monterrosa, she said things might be shifting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are caring, our youth are caring, people of our community and everybody’s coming together,” she said. “And I’m just really glad for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Devin Katayama and The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The police killing of a 22-year-old unarmed man in Vallejo early Tuesday morning marks the latest incident in a city where families of those killed by police have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769266/the-long-storied-history-of-police-community-tension-in-vallejo\">demanding justice for years\u003c/a>. On Friday, California’s attorney general announced plans to review and reform the Vallejo Police Department (VPD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our communities speak up, we must listen — and, in recent days, people across California and the nation, and in Vallejo, have bravely come together to make their voices heard,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-announces-agreement-review-and-reform-vallejo-police\">statement\u003c/a>. “This is only a first step in our broader fight for racial justice. We must all do our part, and we must do it now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Justice will collaborate with the city and VPD to create a policing plan that aims to improve use-of-force procedures, anti-bias and community policing and accountability, by focusing on training, policy and transparency, Becerra's office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This policy review was entered into with cooperation from the city of Vallejo and its police department, and will produce recommendations for changes. The review is different from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/file/how-pp-investigations-work/download\">\"pattern-or-practice\" investigation\u003c/a>, which would allow the attorney general’s office to both investigate departmental practices and force changes through a court order. It’s possible that the current policy review could become a pattern-or-practice investigation, if Becerra’s office determines that to be necessary. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Still, Tuesday's VPD killing of Sean Monterrosa, a Latino man from San Francisco, contributes to a long-standing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/135682/amid-a-series-of-vallejo-police-shootings-one-officers-name-stands-out\">history\u003c/a> of community mistrust of the police, as calls for justice and outside intervention continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer who killed Monterrosa has been placed on leave pending an investigation by the department, though he has yet to be identified. Meanwhile, residents are demanding the officer be fired and body camera footage be released. Rep. Mike Thompson, D-Helena, is also calling for an independent investigation of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His family, loved ones and community deserve to have a clear understanding of the events that led to this shooting. That’s why I support an independent investigation into the incident. If wrongdoing is found, justice must be upheld,” Thompson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To pay for legal fees and funeral arrangements, Monterrosa's family created a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/gofundmecomSeanMonterrosa\">GoFundMe\u003c/a> page. \"He was a wonderful son, brother, friend who touched the lives of those around him. He was loyal, hard working, and had a heart of gold. He was truly one of a kind,\" the page says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Unarmed, Shot While on His Knees\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fatal shooting of Monterrosa occurred as protests across the country erupted following the recent police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade and others. But demonstrations against police violence \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768008/the-life-and-death-of-willie-mccoy\">aren’t new to Vallejo\u003c/a> — in fact, residents have been protesting for reform and social justice for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid recent protests Tuesday morning shortly after midnight, officers responded to reports of a break-in at a Walgreens, said Vallejo Police Chief Shawny Williams during a press conference on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Officers saw Monterrosa running, when suddenly he stopped and kneeled, placing his hands above his waist, Williams said, revealing what officers believed to be the butt of a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officer fired five times through a police car windshield, hitting Monterrosa once, according to Williams. An investigation revealed Monterrosa had a 15-inch hammer tucked into his sweatshirt pocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Burris, an attorney for the family, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b426090f37435d1b824a3ef9c2ee7ebd\">told the Associated Press\u003c/a> he is appalled police would shoot at a person who was on his knees with his hands raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This young man was shot multiple times while he was on his knees and appeared to be trying to surrender,” Burris said, adding that he understands tensions have been high. “But one has to maintain control and you don’t get to arbitrarily shoot someone in a panic, just because the situation is excitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Renewed Demands for Justice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Among those attending Thursday's press conference on Monterrosa’s killing was Alicia Saddler, whose brother \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768852/one-night-two-narratives\">Angel Ramos was shot and killed\u003c/a> by Vallejo police in 2017. Police said they thought he was stabbing another person during a fight — but no knife was found near him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fire him! Not paid leave, fire him for killing a man that was on his knees!” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saddler has repeatedly called on the department to hold its officers accountable for deaths like her brother's, and said it’s been hard to get locals to organize around police killings. Families like Saddler's have struggled for years to raise awareness of what they see as a pattern of black and brown men gunned down by local police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Saddler sees national protests since the killing of George Floyd as a moment of reckoning for Vallejo, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Monterrosa’s killing, roughly 100 people attended a march she held in Vallejo for her brother and George Floyd. The protest also marked what would have been her brother’s 25th birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the deaths of Floyd and now, Monterrosa, she said things might be shifting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are caring, our youth are caring, people of our community and everybody’s coming together,” she said. “And I’m just really glad for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Devin Katayama and The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday ordered the state police regulatory agency to stop training officers on how to use a hold that can block the flow of blood to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said he is “immediately directing” the state Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) to stop teaching the practice in its curriculum, and is supporting proposed legislation to ban the practice in California. The decision on using the hold is currently up to police agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We train techniques on strangleholds that put people’s lives at risk,” Newsom said during a press conference at the California Museum’s Unity Center in Sacramento. “That has no place any longer in 21st century practices and policing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked his first action on police use of force following two weeks of protests across the country over the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis. Floyd died on Memorial Day after a police officer knelt on his neck for nearly nine minutes while he was handcuffed and lying face-down on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, there have been a cascade of calls around the country for police to review their use-of-force policies. The San Diego Police Department and San Diego County Sheriff’s Department are among the agencies that announced they would stop using the carotid hold, named because it applies pressure to the carotid arteries that supply blood to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, a carotid hold that literally is designed to stop people’s blood from flowing into their brain, that has no place any longer in 21st century practices and policing,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also called on the Legislature to set standards for crowd control and police use of force during protests. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"george-floyd\"]“We are not seeing people treated equally all across the state of California,” he said, vowing to work with the state’s Legislative Black Caucus, national experts, community leaders and law enforcement officials to craft a proposal. “We need to standardize those approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom noted that police in California and elsewhere have resorted to using tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds during the current protests against police brutality. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing that is crystal clear to me [is] that protesters have the right not to be harassed,” Newsom noted. “Protesters have the right to protest peacefully … without being arrested, gassed, shot at by projectiles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Newsom signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-police-use-of-force-law-signed-20190711-story.html\">landmark bill\u003c/a> that limits police use of lethal force to defending against an imminent threat of death or serious injury to officers or bystanders. The old standard allowed officers to use lethal force if they had a “reasonable fear,” which made it rare for an officer to be charged or convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law was prompted by the 2018 fatal police shooting in Sacramento of Stephon Clark, who was black. Newsom spent Wednesday cleaning up graffiti in downtown Sacramento with Clark’s brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor on Friday also introduced Lateefah Simon, president of the Akonadi Foundation, who is a civil rights and racial justice advocate, and Ronald Davis, the former police chief of East Palo Alto who led President Barack Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Newsom said the two will work with him on spearheading statewide policing and social justice reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is our duty and we must move forward expeditiously,” Simon said, calling this an “inflection moment.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those men and women for decades and literally centuries who have been calling and demanding a shift, we owe them,” she added. “The state will come first and so goes the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday ordered the state police regulatory agency to stop training officers on how to use a hold that can block the flow of blood to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said he is “immediately directing” the state Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) to stop teaching the practice in its curriculum, and is supporting proposed legislation to ban the practice in California. The decision on using the hold is currently up to police agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We train techniques on strangleholds that put people’s lives at risk,” Newsom said during a press conference at the California Museum’s Unity Center in Sacramento. “That has no place any longer in 21st century practices and policing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It marked his first action on police use of force following two weeks of protests across the country over the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis. Floyd died on Memorial Day after a police officer knelt on his neck for nearly nine minutes while he was handcuffed and lying face-down on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, there have been a cascade of calls around the country for police to review their use-of-force policies. The San Diego Police Department and San Diego County Sheriff’s Department are among the agencies that announced they would stop using the carotid hold, named because it applies pressure to the carotid arteries that supply blood to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, a carotid hold that literally is designed to stop people’s blood from flowing into their brain, that has no place any longer in 21st century practices and policing,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also called on the Legislature to set standards for crowd control and police use of force during protests. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We are not seeing people treated equally all across the state of California,” he said, vowing to work with the state’s Legislative Black Caucus, national experts, community leaders and law enforcement officials to craft a proposal. “We need to standardize those approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom noted that police in California and elsewhere have resorted to using tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds during the current protests against police brutality. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing that is crystal clear to me [is] that protesters have the right not to be harassed,” Newsom noted. “Protesters have the right to protest peacefully … without being arrested, gassed, shot at by projectiles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Newsom signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-police-use-of-force-law-signed-20190711-story.html\">landmark bill\u003c/a> that limits police use of lethal force to defending against an imminent threat of death or serious injury to officers or bystanders. The old standard allowed officers to use lethal force if they had a “reasonable fear,” which made it rare for an officer to be charged or convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law was prompted by the 2018 fatal police shooting in Sacramento of Stephon Clark, who was black. Newsom spent Wednesday cleaning up graffiti in downtown Sacramento with Clark’s brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor on Friday also introduced Lateefah Simon, president of the Akonadi Foundation, who is a civil rights and racial justice advocate, and Ronald Davis, the former police chief of East Palo Alto who led President Barack Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Newsom said the two will work with him on spearheading statewide policing and social justice reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is our duty and we must move forward expeditiously,” Simon said, calling this an “inflection moment.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those men and women for decades and literally centuries who have been calling and demanding a shift, we owe them,” she added. “The state will come first and so goes the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As protests over the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/george-floyd/\">continued\u003c/a> across the Bay Area this past week, you probably have questions about everything from the history of protesting for racial justice to how much you should worry about coronavirus in relation to protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're working on collecting your questions and providing you with answers. \u003ca href=\"#1\">\u003cem>Submit your questions here. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On Protesting in the Time of COVID-19\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877849/staying-safe-while-protesting-in-a-pandemic\">Avoiding Coronavirus While Protesting\u003c/a> episode of Forum)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: [Protesting] is a big risk, isn't it, with all these people crowded together?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"I think it depends on the situation. We've all seen people widely spaced apart. But then, of course, if you saw the Portland Bridge ... they were pretty close together. So I do think there is a risk there. I mean, there was equally a risk Memorial Day weekend when we saw people out partying with no social distancing and no masks. So I think that's a real contrast. But certainly it brings public health people concern around testing and watching trends.\" — Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health, Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: The surgeon general of the United States, Dr. Jerome Adams, said this could lead to not only new outbreaks, but it could lead to new clusters. How worried should we be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"We're learning more about these potential super-spreading events or super-spreading phenomena, and it's hard to know ... I think we're learning a lot right now about what might happen. We've been tracking, at least I have been tracking the post-Memorial Day situation in particular in areas where there was a lot of partying. And surprisingly, either people aren't getting tested or they're really not getting infected. Either of those could be true. I'm sure the public health departments in these areas are really looking into additional surveillance.\" — Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health, Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What do we know about screaming, coughing, chanting or singing and the spread of the coronavirus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"A lot of these engineers and physicists have been publishing more and more data around this idea. And for us epidemiologists 'aerosol' means one thing that's different from what a physicist thinks. For us, 'aerosol' means droplets that really do stay in the air for longer periods of time, all by themselves. And I think when we talk about aerosol here, we're talking about the ability to transmit a droplet through the air for a sustained period of time in certain situations ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're crowded, when you're yelling, when you're singing – certainly the Seattle situation was a very good example of an event where people were together for many hours in close quarters and they were singing, expelling droplets for sure – and we saw many infections and actually a couple deaths. So ... clearly those things will need to be taken into account. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the good news here is that most of these people are outside and they're wearing masks, so that may be helpful.\" — Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health, Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tear Gas\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877849/staying-safe-while-protesting-in-a-pandemic\">Avoiding Coronavirus While Protesting\u003c/a> episode of Forum)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Should you wear eye protection, like goggles, in situations that might involve tear gas?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"Yes, definitely. I think the first thing would be to just wear a mask as one would normally do outside keeping social distance, and then if you are expecting to be in [a tear gas situation] to wear a mask if possible. I think it's also [important] to remind people that media portrayals often [reflect] moments late in the night. Not always. But often what we're seeing is the final event of the action and ... technically there should definitely be a dispersal order that happens before [use of tear gas] that allows people to leave if they if they choose to.\" — Lakshmi Sarah, producer and reporter, KQED\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Curfews\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We have a running list of Bay Area curfews \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822230/curfews-expand-in-the-bay-area-check-your-town\">here\u003c/a> and are answering your curfew questions \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822625/from-citations-to-dog-walking-what-you-need-to-know-about-bay-area-curfews\">here\u003c/a>. Most curfews throughout the Bay Area were rescinded by Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On the History of Protesting for Racial Justice in America\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877851/what-1968-can-teach-us-about-protest-and-upheaval-in-2020\">What 1968 Can Teach Us About Protest and Upheaval in 2020\u003c/a> episode of Forum.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Since the '60s, what have we really learned? As we continue to protest, will we see real changes? Will the status quo and the people in power continue to reign? Is change possible?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"We had a moment in the 1960s and we blew it. As [professor Clayborne Carson] said, rhetorically there was a war on poverty, but it was underfunded and didn't have the kind of comprehensive support that was needed to actually have an effect on poverty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I think, in keeping this pressure on, that we currently have ... we've galvanized the nation. Racial injustice will no longer be tolerated. The discriminatory and horrific policing and prison system in this country is no longer acceptable. And this is some of the spirit that was coming out of the protests and the unrest the 1960s. But instead, policymakers and our institutions took the wrong policy turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So instead of making that massive investment that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821827/opportunity-lost-the-radical-1968-report-on-white-racism-the-government-chose-to-ignore\">Kerner Commission\u003c/a> called for, we end up getting a massive investment in a new kind of system, which is, of course, policing, surveillance and incarceration. So ... we don't get a job creation program for low-income Americans of color through the war on poverty. But we do get a major job creation program for police in the war on crime. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the biggest lesson that we can learn is that we made this decision to manage the problems of failing schools and unemployment and dilapidated housing with police and with new surveillance technologies and with locking people up. And that has not worked. That has been one of the biggest policy failures in the history of the United States. So now it's time. And now we have a moment when we can try something new.\" — Elizabeth Hinton, professor of history and African and African American studies, Harvard University\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some quotes edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"1\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLet us know if you have questions or resources to share:\u003cbr>\n[hearken id=\"5801\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/5801.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As protests over the killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/george-floyd/\">continued\u003c/a> across the Bay Area this past week, you probably have questions about everything from the history of protesting for racial justice to how much you should worry about coronavirus in relation to protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're working on collecting your questions and providing you with answers. \u003ca href=\"#1\">\u003cem>Submit your questions here. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On Protesting in the Time of COVID-19\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877849/staying-safe-while-protesting-in-a-pandemic\">Avoiding Coronavirus While Protesting\u003c/a> episode of Forum)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: [Protesting] is a big risk, isn't it, with all these people crowded together?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"I think it depends on the situation. We've all seen people widely spaced apart. But then, of course, if you saw the Portland Bridge ... they were pretty close together. So I do think there is a risk there. I mean, there was equally a risk Memorial Day weekend when we saw people out partying with no social distancing and no masks. So I think that's a real contrast. But certainly it brings public health people concern around testing and watching trends.\" — Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health, Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: The surgeon general of the United States, Dr. Jerome Adams, said this could lead to not only new outbreaks, but it could lead to new clusters. How worried should we be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"We're learning more about these potential super-spreading events or super-spreading phenomena, and it's hard to know ... I think we're learning a lot right now about what might happen. We've been tracking, at least I have been tracking the post-Memorial Day situation in particular in areas where there was a lot of partying. And surprisingly, either people aren't getting tested or they're really not getting infected. Either of those could be true. I'm sure the public health departments in these areas are really looking into additional surveillance.\" — Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health, Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: What do we know about screaming, coughing, chanting or singing and the spread of the coronavirus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"A lot of these engineers and physicists have been publishing more and more data around this idea. And for us epidemiologists 'aerosol' means one thing that's different from what a physicist thinks. For us, 'aerosol' means droplets that really do stay in the air for longer periods of time, all by themselves. And I think when we talk about aerosol here, we're talking about the ability to transmit a droplet through the air for a sustained period of time in certain situations ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're crowded, when you're yelling, when you're singing – certainly the Seattle situation was a very good example of an event where people were together for many hours in close quarters and they were singing, expelling droplets for sure – and we saw many infections and actually a couple deaths. So ... clearly those things will need to be taken into account. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the good news here is that most of these people are outside and they're wearing masks, so that may be helpful.\" — Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health, Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tear Gas\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877849/staying-safe-while-protesting-in-a-pandemic\">Avoiding Coronavirus While Protesting\u003c/a> episode of Forum)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Should you wear eye protection, like goggles, in situations that might involve tear gas?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"Yes, definitely. I think the first thing would be to just wear a mask as one would normally do outside keeping social distance, and then if you are expecting to be in [a tear gas situation] to wear a mask if possible. I think it's also [important] to remind people that media portrayals often [reflect] moments late in the night. Not always. But often what we're seeing is the final event of the action and ... technically there should definitely be a dispersal order that happens before [use of tear gas] that allows people to leave if they if they choose to.\" — Lakshmi Sarah, producer and reporter, KQED\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Curfews\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We have a running list of Bay Area curfews \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822230/curfews-expand-in-the-bay-area-check-your-town\">here\u003c/a> and are answering your curfew questions \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822625/from-citations-to-dog-walking-what-you-need-to-know-about-bay-area-curfews\">here\u003c/a>. Most curfews throughout the Bay Area were rescinded by Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On the History of Protesting for Racial Justice in America\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877851/what-1968-can-teach-us-about-protest-and-upheaval-in-2020\">What 1968 Can Teach Us About Protest and Upheaval in 2020\u003c/a> episode of Forum.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Since the '60s, what have we really learned? As we continue to protest, will we see real changes? Will the status quo and the people in power continue to reign? Is change possible?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: \"We had a moment in the 1960s and we blew it. As [professor Clayborne Carson] said, rhetorically there was a war on poverty, but it was underfunded and didn't have the kind of comprehensive support that was needed to actually have an effect on poverty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I think, in keeping this pressure on, that we currently have ... we've galvanized the nation. Racial injustice will no longer be tolerated. The discriminatory and horrific policing and prison system in this country is no longer acceptable. And this is some of the spirit that was coming out of the protests and the unrest the 1960s. But instead, policymakers and our institutions took the wrong policy turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So instead of making that massive investment that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821827/opportunity-lost-the-radical-1968-report-on-white-racism-the-government-chose-to-ignore\">Kerner Commission\u003c/a> called for, we end up getting a massive investment in a new kind of system, which is, of course, policing, surveillance and incarceration. So ... we don't get a job creation program for low-income Americans of color through the war on poverty. But we do get a major job creation program for police in the war on crime. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the biggest lesson that we can learn is that we made this decision to manage the problems of failing schools and unemployment and dilapidated housing with police and with new surveillance technologies and with locking people up. And that has not worked. That has been one of the biggest policy failures in the history of the United States. So now it's time. And now we have a moment when we can try something new.\" — Elizabeth Hinton, professor of history and African and African American studies, Harvard University\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Some quotes edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"1\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLet us know if you have questions or resources to share:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Police fired rubber bullets, shot tear gas and arrested more than 150 people in Santa Rosa over five days and nights of protests starting Saturday, May 30, with demonstrators galvanized around the city’s own history with police shootings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday night, Santa Rosa police \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8034898/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arrested 110 individuals\u003c/a>, including 90 adults and 20 minors, for reasons including unlawful assembly and violation of curfew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds had attended a peaceful vigil earlier in the evening \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/s/a-grief-vigil-to-end-the-bruta/962575240879823/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in memory of Andy Lopez\u003c/a>, a 13-year-old boy who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11713332/sonoma-county-to-pay-3-million-settlement-in-andy-lopez-shooting\">killed after being shot seven times\u003c/a> by a Sonoma County sheriff’s deputy in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vigil, organized by \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/PBCSonomaCounty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Police Brutality Coalition Sonoma County\u003c/a>, was held in the largely Latino neighborhood of Roseland on what would have been Lopez’s 20th birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/gmeline/status/1267987358386802688\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vigil co-organizer Susan Lamont said the fatal shooting of Lopez and the exoneration of the deputy, Erick Gelhaus, made visible long-existing racial injustices in Santa Rosa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became a major focus of both racial discrimination, and just the incredible overreach and lack of accountability by law enforcement locally, which is then reflected nationally as well,” Lamont said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators, mostly young people of color, marched down Sebastopol Road toward Old Courthouse Square. During one standoff, police donned gas masks in preparation for tear gas, used all three nights prior. Later in the evening, the march progressed through the residential area near Santa Rosa Junior College, where marchers sang “Happy Birthday” to Andy Lopez while dozens of residents offered supportive gestures from their porches. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/gmeline/status/1268055164042141697?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar demonstrations took place in the days and nights previous as hundreds took to the streets. Protesters chanted and marched throughout the city’s downtown area, held moments of silence and knelt on one knee in solidarity with George Floyd and others killed by police. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three people were arrested in Santa Rosa on \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8026158/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday\u003c/a>, a night in which police shot tear gas twice, and demonstrators took over the freeway twice. Police also shot chalk rounds at the crowd, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10220501772832567&set=a.1538447219351&type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">severely injuring 20-year-old Santa Rosa resident Michaela Staggs\u003c/a>, who was taken to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/_erik_castro/status/1266998635805372416\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person was arrested in Santa Rosa on \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8027820/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sunday\u003c/a>. That night, after a line of police kept a march from entering the freeway again, some protesters broke store windows at the Santa Rosa Plaza and held a loud sideshow at the intersection of Fourth Street and Mendocino Avenue. After a brawl involving about 20 broke out, demonstrators were able to push away troublemakers, kneel in the intersection and refocus the protest on police brutality. Police then shot tear gas to break up crowds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8029846/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monday’s protests\u003c/a> led to 27 arrests, including 17 adults and 10 juveniles. All arrestees were from Santa Rosa but one, from Petaluma. The night also led to police officers shooting more tear gas in addition to rubber bullets at demonstrators, including a local tribal leader who sustained \u003ca href=\"https://www.radical-guide.com/local-indigenous-tribal-leader-hospitalized-due-to-santa-rosa-police-department-violence/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">serious injuries to his mouth and jaw\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protests have since dwindled in size. Only eight adults were arrested in Santa Rosa on Wednesday night for curfew violations, and appeared to be arrested voluntarily, after having been given the choice to leave the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another protest is planned for 3 p.m. Friday at Old Courthouse Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Protesters in Santa Rosa chanted for both George Floyd and Andy Lopez, a 13-year-old shot and killed by a Sonoma County sheriff's deputy in 2013.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Police fired rubber bullets, shot tear gas and arrested more than 150 people in Santa Rosa over five days and nights of protests starting Saturday, May 30, with demonstrators galvanized around the city’s own history with police shootings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday night, Santa Rosa police \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8034898/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arrested 110 individuals\u003c/a>, including 90 adults and 20 minors, for reasons including unlawful assembly and violation of curfew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds had attended a peaceful vigil earlier in the evening \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/s/a-grief-vigil-to-end-the-bruta/962575240879823/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in memory of Andy Lopez\u003c/a>, a 13-year-old boy who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11713332/sonoma-county-to-pay-3-million-settlement-in-andy-lopez-shooting\">killed after being shot seven times\u003c/a> by a Sonoma County sheriff’s deputy in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vigil, organized by \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/PBCSonomaCounty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Police Brutality Coalition Sonoma County\u003c/a>, was held in the largely Latino neighborhood of Roseland on what would have been Lopez’s 20th birthday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Vigil co-organizer Susan Lamont said the fatal shooting of Lopez and the exoneration of the deputy, Erick Gelhaus, made visible long-existing racial injustices in Santa Rosa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became a major focus of both racial discrimination, and just the incredible overreach and lack of accountability by law enforcement locally, which is then reflected nationally as well,” Lamont said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators, mostly young people of color, marched down Sebastopol Road toward Old Courthouse Square. During one standoff, police donned gas masks in preparation for tear gas, used all three nights prior. Later in the evening, the march progressed through the residential area near Santa Rosa Junior College, where marchers sang “Happy Birthday” to Andy Lopez while dozens of residents offered supportive gestures from their porches. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar demonstrations took place in the days and nights previous as hundreds took to the streets. Protesters chanted and marched throughout the city’s downtown area, held moments of silence and knelt on one knee in solidarity with George Floyd and others killed by police. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three people were arrested in Santa Rosa on \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8026158/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday\u003c/a>, a night in which police shot tear gas twice, and demonstrators took over the freeway twice. Police also shot chalk rounds at the crowd, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10220501772832567&set=a.1538447219351&type=3&theater\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">severely injuring 20-year-old Santa Rosa resident Michaela Staggs\u003c/a>, who was taken to the emergency room.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>One person was arrested in Santa Rosa on \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8027820/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sunday\u003c/a>. That night, after a line of police kept a march from entering the freeway again, some protesters broke store windows at the Santa Rosa Plaza and held a loud sideshow at the intersection of Fourth Street and Mendocino Avenue. After a brawl involving about 20 broke out, demonstrators were able to push away troublemakers, kneel in the intersection and refocus the protest on police brutality. Police then shot tear gas to break up crowds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/alert/8029846/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Monday’s protests\u003c/a> led to 27 arrests, including 17 adults and 10 juveniles. All arrestees were from Santa Rosa but one, from Petaluma. The night also led to police officers shooting more tear gas in addition to rubber bullets at demonstrators, including a local tribal leader who sustained \u003ca href=\"https://www.radical-guide.com/local-indigenous-tribal-leader-hospitalized-due-to-santa-rosa-police-department-violence/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">serious injuries to his mouth and jaw\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protests have since dwindled in size. Only eight adults were arrested in Santa Rosa on Wednesday night for curfew violations, and appeared to be arrested voluntarily, after having been given the choice to leave the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another protest is planned for 3 p.m. Friday at Old Courthouse Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "opportunity-lost-the-radical-1968-report-on-white-racism-the-government-chose-to-ignore",
"title": "Opportunity Lost: The 1968 Government Report on White Racism That America Chose to Ignore",
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"content": "\u003cp>It didn’t take long for the rage to spread like wildfire across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the evening of Monday, May 25, Minneapolis police arrested George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, who had been accused of buying cigarettes with a counterfeit $20 bill. Shortly after the first squad car arrived at the scene, Floyd had been pinned face-down to the ground by three police officers as a fourth officer stood by. One of the officers, Derek Chauvin, knelt on Floyd’s neck for nearly nine minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Kerner Commission report\"]‘This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white — separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-investigation.html\">Video footage\u003c/a> from bystanders shows Floyd pleading for his life just before losing consciousness: “I can’t breathe, man, please,” he cried. Floyd was loaded into an ambulance and brought to a nearby hospital where he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following night, Minneapolis erupted in furious protests, with hundreds pouring into the streets, demanding justice for Floyd. The demonstrations mushroomed in size and ferocity as the week went on, with many buildings, including a police station, vandalized and set ablaze, prompting the governor to declare a state of emergency and send in National Guard troops to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Friday, protests had spread to scores of cities, large and small, across the country — including many in the Bay Area. Racially diverse groups of tens of thousands of demonstrators have since flooded the streets, demanding an end to police brutality and systemic racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s death follows a long succession of high-profile police killings of unarmed African Americans, especially young men, who are disproportionately targeted by law enforcement and \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276004/anger-police-killing-george-floyd-protests\">far more likely\u003c/a> than anyone else to be brutalized or killed during such encounters. It’s a somber fact black people live with every day, and one other Americans are reminded of in the wake of each notorious incident, from Oscar Grant and Michael Brown to Eric Garner and Laquan McDonald, Tamir Rice and Freddie Gray to Walter Scott and Stephon Clark — the list goes on and on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while each of those incidents sparked widespread outrage and activism — including the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of Brown’s death in Ferguson — the extensiveness of the reaction to Floyd’s death stands apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve been here before: The massive reach of this moment is eerily reminiscent of a series of urban uprisings that unfolded more than half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The ‘Long, Hot Summer’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1967, during what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,” more than 150 poor, largely black communities across the country were rocked by violent unrest. Some observers labeled them riots, while others tagged them uprisings and rebellions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents mainly flared up in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, resulting in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11823056\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11823056 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1-1020x817.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black demonstrators face armed federal soldiers in Newark on July 17, 1967. \u003ccite>(AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The unrest stemmed from a deep-seated anger and hopelessness that had long simmered in many low-income, black and brown communities hobbled by systemic racism, where rates of poverty, police abuse, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high and opportunities for advancement few. Unlike in today’s demonstrations, those involved were almost unilaterally the African American residents hardest hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nearly every local instance of unrest was ignited by a similar spark: the news of an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the most devastating uprisings happened back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Newark, New Jersey, two white police officers beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents came out to the streets, breaking into and burning businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and the National Guard. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/2n0e3_vD-xE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a week after the violence in Newark subsided, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in Detroit’s largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an even more devastating explosion.\u003c/a> Again, crowds raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 local and national law enforcement personnel, including Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five days, 43 people were killed and more than 1,000 injured — most victims were black men shot by police and National Guard troops. More than 7,000 arrests were made and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s urban core in ruins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/jevo0U3K9K8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That summer’s uprisings were not without precedent. Two years earlier, a confrontation between a young black man and a white police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rebellion\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of major cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘What Happened? Why Did It Happen? What Can Be Done to Prevent It Happening Again?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immediately after the chaos in Detroit subsided, President Lyndon B. Johnson convened the \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/1363817/report-of-the-national-advisory-commission-on.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders\u003c/a>. Known as the Kerner Commission after its chair, Illinois Gov. Otto Kerner Jr., the group was tasked with addressing three questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began, “We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: A time of violence and tragedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to call for “an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11823057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11823057\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"793\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828-800x620.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828-1020x790.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A federal soldier stands guard on a ravaged Detroit street on July 25, 1967. \u003ccite>(AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, the commission visited poor urban communities throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member, all-male commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief and union and industry representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioners actually rejected an initial draft of the report — titled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.press.umich.edu/9684789/harvest_of_american_racism\">The Harvest of American Racism\u003c/a>” — that had been produced by the group of social scientists tasked with synthesizing months of interviews and testimony. That version, which commissioners deemed too radical, and quickly buried, stated that “a truly revolutionary spirit has begun to take hold” in black communities, where residents were unwilling “to compromise or wait any longer” and would rather “risk death than have their people continue in a subordinate status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the final \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/1968-kerner-commission-report\">report\u003c/a> delivered to Johnson, and later publicly released, was considered groundbreaking — a blunt and sobering assessment of substandard living conditions in many urban black communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Two Societies … Separate and Unequal’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion,” the report said. “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white — separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the uprisings was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, ‘Should we use that word, racism?’ ” former Oklahoma Sen. Fred Harris, who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, ‘Well, maybe it’s not just me. Maybe I’m not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there’s something else going on.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1968 report elaborated on the often incendiary relationship between local, predominantly white police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection — one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>At the time, some blamed the unrest on “outside agitators,” roving groups of radicals traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission said it found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans connected to the violence. Although it stopped short of labeling the unrest a rebellion against racial oppression, it said the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting disenfranchised communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list: police brutality, unemployment and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>What white Americans have never fully understood — but what the Negro can never forget — is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The commission’s sweeping policy recommendations included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating 2 million new jobs and 6 million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">more than 2 million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the New York Times’ nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a>, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then it all but vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sidelined\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Johnson administration balked at the report, arguing that the commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/2011\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past legislation on civil rights and poverty alleviation. Johnson refused to support further research or so much as meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report stressed that for conditions to improve, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was little political will to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"george-floyd\"]Johnson — who at the time was still planning a run for re-election — was threatened by the commission’s findings, worried he would lose support among many white communities who were unwilling to acknowledge the central role systemic racism had played in fueling the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also concerned about the political impact of rising rates of crime and disorder, Johnson supported several pieces of tough-on-crime legislation, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/crt/omnibus-crime-control-and-safe-streets-act-1968-42-usc-3789d\">Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968\u003c/a>, which he signed nearly six months after receiving the Kerner Commission report. The bill allocated roughly $400 million in grants to states to beef up local police forces with new equipment and technical assistance — in part to more effectively suppress future uprisings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after the report’s publication, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, sparking more violent unrest in cities throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Kerner to Ferguson to Minneapolis\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/us/ferguson-michael-brown.html\">shooting of Michael Brown\u003c/a> in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a problem strikingly similar to the one examined nearly 50 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaired by former Presidents Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much narrower in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner Commission’s findings. Its recommendations included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identified racial and economic inequality as the primary source of the problems that led to the protests. But the language and tone are strikingly different:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report diplomatically states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/27/589351779/report-updates-landmark-1968-racism-study-finds-more-poverty-more-segregation\">study co-edited by Kerner Commission member Fred Harris\u003c/a> followed up on the status of communities examined in the 1968 report. The findings were grim. The new study found that poverty in many of those places had actually increased, as had school segregation, while the inequality gap between white Americans and black, brown and Native Americans had widened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original Kerner Commission may have foreseen this outcome. The report’s conclusion quoted the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark. Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003cem>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/em> – reminded the panel of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testifying before the Kerner Commission, Clark said, was a kind of “Alice in Wonderland” experience: He watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Half a century ago, the Kerner Commission examined the root causes of the bloody uprisings that tore through poor, urban communities across the country. Its findings remain strikingly relevant today. ",
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"title": "Opportunity Lost: The 1968 Government Report on White Racism That America Chose to Ignore | KQED",
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"headline": "Opportunity Lost: The 1968 Government Report on White Racism That America Chose to Ignore",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/matthewgreen\">Matthew Green\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.jessengebretson.com/\">Jess Engebretson\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It didn’t take long for the rage to spread like wildfire across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the evening of Monday, May 25, Minneapolis police arrested George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, who had been accused of buying cigarettes with a counterfeit $20 bill. Shortly after the first squad car arrived at the scene, Floyd had been pinned face-down to the ground by three police officers as a fourth officer stood by. One of the officers, Derek Chauvin, knelt on Floyd’s neck for nearly nine minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-investigation.html\">Video footage\u003c/a> from bystanders shows Floyd pleading for his life just before losing consciousness: “I can’t breathe, man, please,” he cried. Floyd was loaded into an ambulance and brought to a nearby hospital where he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following night, Minneapolis erupted in furious protests, with hundreds pouring into the streets, demanding justice for Floyd. The demonstrations mushroomed in size and ferocity as the week went on, with many buildings, including a police station, vandalized and set ablaze, prompting the governor to declare a state of emergency and send in National Guard troops to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Friday, protests had spread to scores of cities, large and small, across the country — including many in the Bay Area. Racially diverse groups of tens of thousands of demonstrators have since flooded the streets, demanding an end to police brutality and systemic racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s death follows a long succession of high-profile police killings of unarmed African Americans, especially young men, who are disproportionately targeted by law enforcement and \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/5/31/21276004/anger-police-killing-george-floyd-protests\">far more likely\u003c/a> than anyone else to be brutalized or killed during such encounters. It’s a somber fact black people live with every day, and one other Americans are reminded of in the wake of each notorious incident, from Oscar Grant and Michael Brown to Eric Garner and Laquan McDonald, Tamir Rice and Freddie Gray to Walter Scott and Stephon Clark — the list goes on and on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while each of those incidents sparked widespread outrage and activism — including the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of Brown’s death in Ferguson — the extensiveness of the reaction to Floyd’s death stands apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve been here before: The massive reach of this moment is eerily reminiscent of a series of urban uprisings that unfolded more than half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The ‘Long, Hot Summer’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 1967, during what was dubbed the “long, hot summer,” more than 150 poor, largely black communities across the country were rocked by violent unrest. Some observers labeled them riots, while others tagged them uprisings and rebellions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents mainly flared up in East Coast and Midwestern cities, including Milwaukee, Buffalo, Tampa and Cincinnati, resulting in more than 100 deaths, hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage and scores of burned-out neighborhoods, some of which never fully recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11823056\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11823056 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1-800x641.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460591480-1-1020x817.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black demonstrators face armed federal soldiers in Newark on July 17, 1967. \u003ccite>(AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The unrest stemmed from a deep-seated anger and hopelessness that had long simmered in many low-income, black and brown communities hobbled by systemic racism, where rates of poverty, police abuse, joblessness and crime were disproportionately high and opportunities for advancement few. Unlike in today’s demonstrations, those involved were almost unilaterally the African American residents hardest hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nearly every local instance of unrest was ignited by a similar spark: the news of an unarmed black man (or men) beaten or killed by white police officers for a seemingly minor infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the most devastating uprisings happened back-to-back that July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Newark, New Jersey, two white police officers beat a black cab driver after stopping him for a minor traffic violation. As word of the incident spread, thousands of residents came out to the streets, breaking into and burning businesses and prompting the deployment of several thousand police officers and the National Guard. The violence raged for six days, leaving 26 people dead, scores more injured and tens of millions of dollars in property damage.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2n0e3_vD-xE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Less than a week after the violence in Newark subsided, a police raid on an unlicensed bar in Detroit’s largely black Virginia Park neighborhood sparked \u003ca href=\"http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/a_quick_guide_to_the_1967_detr.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an even more devastating explosion.\u003c/a> Again, crowds raided shops and set buildings on fire. Panic ensued amid rumors of snipers on rooftops. Roughly 17,000 local and national law enforcement personnel, including Army paratroopers, were sent in to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of five days, 43 people were killed and more than 1,000 injured — most victims were black men shot by police and National Guard troops. More than 7,000 arrests were made and an estimated 2,500 stores were looted or burned, leaving large swaths of Detroit’s urban core in ruins.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jevo0U3K9K8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jevo0U3K9K8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>That summer’s uprisings were not without precedent. Two years earlier, a confrontation between a young black man and a white police officer in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles resulted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRDvY_anJdc\">days of rebellion\u003c/a> that left 34 people dead. Violent unrest continued in 1966 in poor sections of major cities like Chicago, Cleveland, New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Hunter%27s_Point_riot_by_Fleming\">San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘What Happened? Why Did It Happen? What Can Be Done to Prevent It Happening Again?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immediately after the chaos in Detroit subsided, President Lyndon B. Johnson convened the \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/1363817/report-of-the-national-advisory-commission-on.pdf\">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders\u003c/a>. Known as the Kerner Commission after its chair, Illinois Gov. Otto Kerner Jr., the group was tasked with addressing three questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened? Why did it happen? What can be done to prevent it happening again?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his televised address announcing the commission, Johnson began, “We have endured a week such as no nation should live through: A time of violence and tragedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to call for “an attack, mounted at every level, upon the conditions that breed despair and breed violence. All of us, I think, know what those conditions are: ignorance, discrimination, slums, poverty, disease, not enough jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11823057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11823057\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"793\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828-800x620.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-460589828-1020x790.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A federal soldier stands guard on a ravaged Detroit street on July 25, 1967. \u003ccite>(AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, the commission visited poor urban communities throughout the country, interviewing residents, police officers and local officials. They drew on the research of social scientists and analyzed media coverage of the recent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 11-member, all-male commission was not politically radical in any sense of the word: It included four members of Congress, the mayor of New York, Atlanta’s police chief and union and industry representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two members were black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioners actually rejected an initial draft of the report — titled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.press.umich.edu/9684789/harvest_of_american_racism\">The Harvest of American Racism\u003c/a>” — that had been produced by the group of social scientists tasked with synthesizing months of interviews and testimony. That version, which commissioners deemed too radical, and quickly buried, stated that “a truly revolutionary spirit has begun to take hold” in black communities, where residents were unwilling “to compromise or wait any longer” and would rather “risk death than have their people continue in a subordinate status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the final \u003ca href=\"https://belonging.berkeley.edu/1968-kerner-commission-report\">report\u003c/a> delivered to Johnson, and later publicly released, was considered groundbreaking — a blunt and sobering assessment of substandard living conditions in many urban black communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Two Societies … Separate and Unequal’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“This is our basic conclusion,” the report said. “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white — separate and unequal. White racism is essentially responsible for the explosive mixture which has been accumulating in our cities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s direct reference to white racism as a root cause of the uprisings was particularly controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We used the word racism. And on the commission, we had two or three people say, ‘Should we use that word, racism?’ ” former Oklahoma Sen. Fred Harris, who served on the commission, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/03282008/watch.html\">told Bill Moyers\u003c/a> in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our saying racism, I think, was very important to a lot of black people who said, ‘Well, maybe it’s not just me. Maybe I’m not, by myself, at fault here. Maybe there’s something else going on.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1968 report elaborated on the often incendiary relationship between local, predominantly white police forces and the black communities they patrolled:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The police are not merely a “spark” factor. To some Negroes police have come to symbolize white power, white racism and white repression. And the fact is that many police do reflect and express these white attitudes. The atmosphere of hostility and cynicism is reinforced by a widespread belief among Negroes in the existence of police brutality and in a “double standard” of justice and protection — one for Negroes and one for whites.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>At the time, some blamed the unrest on “outside agitators,” roving groups of radicals traveling from city to city, intent on sowing chaos and disorder. The commission said it found no evidence of conspiracy or premeditated plans connected to the violence. Although it stopped short of labeling the unrest a rebellion against racial oppression, it said the conflicts were an indication of the deep frustration stemming from a host of social problems afflicting disenfranchised communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topping that list: police brutality, unemployment and an inadequate supply of affordable housing. The commission stated, in no uncertain terms, that white America was directly implicated in creating these problems:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>What white Americans have never fully understood — but what the Negro can never forget — is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The commission’s sweeping policy recommendations included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating 2 million new jobs and 6 million new affordable housing units\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Revamping the welfare system\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating de facto school segregation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Eliminating “abrasive” police practices and establishing redress mechanisms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving news coverage of the problems facing black Americans\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making local government more responsive to inner city communities\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The 426-page report, published in March 1968, sold \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/research/lecture/the-kerner-commission-report\">more than 2 million copies\u003c/a> and earned a spot on the New York Times’ nonfiction \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=4il1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT453&lpg=PT453&dq=new+york+times+bestseller+list+nonfiction+1968+kerner&source=bl&ots=iUXvd_Hwq1&sig=AdfVX8Yc9xYLAIaoWtD1ckwUjIM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIz4rKhI-9yAIVwbgeCh1DWQXU#v=onepage&q&f=false\">bestseller list\u003c/a>, which called it a “stinging indictment of white society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then it all but vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Sidelined\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Johnson administration balked at the report, arguing that the commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/2011\">hadn’t given the president enough credit\u003c/a> for past legislation on civil rights and poverty alleviation. Johnson refused to support further research or so much as meet with the commissioners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report stressed that for conditions to improve, “hard choices must be made, and, if necessary, new taxes enacted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was little political will to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Johnson — who at the time was still planning a run for re-election — was threatened by the commission’s findings, worried he would lose support among many white communities who were unwilling to acknowledge the central role systemic racism had played in fueling the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also concerned about the political impact of rising rates of crime and disorder, Johnson supported several pieces of tough-on-crime legislation, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/crt/omnibus-crime-control-and-safe-streets-act-1968-42-usc-3789d\">Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968\u003c/a>, which he signed nearly six months after receiving the Kerner Commission report. The bill allocated roughly $400 million in grants to states to beef up local police forces with new equipment and technical assistance — in part to more effectively suppress future uprisings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And less than a month after the report’s publication, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, sparking more violent unrest in cities throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Kerner to Ferguson to Minneapolis\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/us/ferguson-michael-brown.html\">shooting of Michael Brown\u003c/a> in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014 and the unrest that followed, a new commission was formed to study a problem strikingly similar to the one examined nearly 50 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaired by former Presidents Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush, the group was tasked with identifying the underlying causes of the unrest. Its \u003ca href=\"http://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/\">final report\u003c/a>, while much narrower in scope, bears some resemblance to the Kerner Commission’s findings. Its recommendations included:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Reducing the use of force by police officers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reforming sentencing laws\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improving the health and education of children and young people\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increasing access to affordable housing and public transit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Expanding Medicaid\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Like the Kerner report, the Ferguson analysis identified racial and economic inequality as the primary source of the problems that led to the protests. But the language and tone are strikingly different:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not pointing fingers and calling individual people racist,” the report diplomatically states. “We are not even suggesting that institutions or existing systems intend to be racist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/27/589351779/report-updates-landmark-1968-racism-study-finds-more-poverty-more-segregation\">study co-edited by Kerner Commission member Fred Harris\u003c/a> followed up on the status of communities examined in the 1968 report. The findings were grim. The new study found that poverty in many of those places had actually increased, as had school segregation, while the inequality gap between white Americans and black, brown and Native Americans had widened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original Kerner Commission may have foreseen this outcome. The report’s conclusion quoted the testimony of psychologist Kenneth Clark. Clark – whose famous \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacpldf.org/brown-at-60-the-doll-test\">doll tests\u003c/a> were cited in \u003cem>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/em> – reminded the panel of the many previous commissions assembled to study incidents of racial unrest: Chicago in 1919, Harlem in 1935 and 1943, Los Angeles in 1965.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testifying before the Kerner Commission, Clark said, was a kind of “Alice in Wonderland” experience: He watched the same images flickering past, sat listening to the same analysis and the same recommendations – and it all culminated, finally, in the same inaction. The commissioners quoted his words:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time now to end the destruction and the violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department has come under increasing scrutiny from city officials, civil rights lawyers and even public health experts for shooting tear gas and rubber bullets into crowds during recent protests ignited by the Minneapolis police killing of George Floyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6936091-2020-06-03-OPD-Letter.html\">letter\u003c/a> Wednesday, civil rights attorneys James Chanin and Rachel Lederman said that Oakland police violated its own crowd-control policies and that its actions were “precipitous, excessive and endangered innocent people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lederman and Chanin took particular issue with the use of tear gas at a Monday night protest around City Hall that was characterized as largely peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The policy specifies that … crowd control chemical agents shall be used only if other techniques, such as encirclement and multiple simultaneous arrest or police formations have failed,” Lederman and Chanin wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Susan Manheimer, Oakland interim police chief\"]“It is specifically a tool for those violent disruptors who would seek to destroy parts of Oakland and cause fear amongst our community.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lederman said her office received a complaint from a 30-year-old Oakland resident who was caught in the smoke as she led students away from the demonstration before the curfew on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were not given any time to disperse,” said the resident, who is not identified in the letter. “I believe I began to pass out as I felt my body start to keel over, and braced myself for losing consciousness by getting almost on all fours. I believe that another 20-30 seconds in that environment would have led to a loss of consciousness and possibly asphyxia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NotoriousECG/status/1267649857994371073\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference Wednesday, Oakland interim Police Chief Susan Manheimer defended the department’s actions, saying that their policy allows the “use of gas or other distractors, such as smoke, when there’s an immediate threat of violence to our community or our officers, when there’s damage and destruction of property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theft, vandalism and violence have occurred alongside some of the protests around the Bay Area and in Oakland, and Manheimer added that crowd-control tactics are used “judiciously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is specifically a tool for those violent disruptors who would seek to destroy parts of Oakland and cause fear amongst our community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lederman said that these tactics put protestors — including the elderly or young children, journalists and bystanders — at risk of injury or even death. Lederman reported that two people, one of them a photographer, were struck with rubber bullets during the protest Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve also seen quite a bit of use of the impact munitions, like the large rubber bullets and other munitions that are fired from a gun or launcher,” Lederman said. “Those aren’t supposed to be fired into the crowds either because of the serious risk of hitting an innocent person. And they’re supposed to only be aimed at safe or target areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s crowd-control policy requires the department to use minimal physical force when controlling an assembly — whether lawful or unlawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Occupy protests in 2014, Oakland police shot a non-lethal projectile that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/130079/iraq-vet-scott-olsen-settles-occupy-suit-against-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">struck an Iraq war veteran\u003c/a> in the head, causing permanent brain damage. The city settled that case for $4.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Libby Schaaf’s office said the use of tear gas in recent protests will be investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any use of chemical agents is extremely unfortunate and will be thoroughly investigated afterwards to ensure its use was in strict compliance with policy,” said Justin Berton, a spokesperson for the mayor’s office, in an email. “Any Oakland officers who violate polices will be held accountable. Oakland has been reviewing and re-examining all of its use-of-force policies under the leadership of our Citizen Police Commission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Wednesday, three Oakland City Council members \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:a304ee9c-af11-443c-964f-2c7cee95cb2d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urged Schaaf\u003c/a> and law enforcement to halt the use of tear gas on protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Council President Rebecca Kaplan said she’s received complaints that tear gas has crept into residential homes, hurting elderly residents and people uninvolved in the demonstrations. She also criticized the department for pushing protesters into small business districts like Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the purpose of the police is not to serve and protect the communities then what is their purpose?” Kaplan said. “If they are making things worse for small businesses like those in Chinatown, then what is their goal?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rebecca Kaplan, Oakland City Council president\"]“Tear gas cannot be aimed. If you have a group of people doing nothing wrong and one or two that are doing something wrong, you can’t solve that with tear gas.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaplan also said that the use of tear gas could increase the risk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822442/four-bay-area-cities-have-used-tear-gas-heres-how-it-makes-covid-19-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spreading the coronavirus\u003c/a>, because protesters may be forced to remove masks that have been contaminated with tear gas chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infectious disease experts, including UCSF professor Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, have called for police departments to stop using tear gas during the current public health pandemic. Getting tear gassed increases the risk of becoming infected with COVID-19, as well as the risk of spreading it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If somebody has COVID-19 and they get tear gassed, they’re going to be coughing more. They’re going to be spitting more. They’re going to be shouting more in pain … so that’s one risk,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other risk is that tear gas could degrade the lungs and make a protester more susceptible to coronavirus infection down the line, he added. [aside tag=\"george-floyd\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tear gas cannot be aimed. If you have a group of people doing nothing wrong and one or two that are doing something wrong, you can’t solve that with tear gas,” Kaplan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaplan and council members Nikki Fortunato Bas and Sheng Thao, who co-signed the letter, are calling on the Schaaf and Manheimer to answer questions about the use of tear gas during a special meeting next Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Julia Scott contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At a press conference Wednesday, Oakland interim Police Chief Susan Manheimer defended the department’s actions, saying that their policy allows the “use of gas or other distractors, such as smoke, when there’s an immediate threat of violence to our community or our officers, when there’s damage and destruction of property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theft, vandalism and violence have occurred alongside some of the protests around the Bay Area and in Oakland, and Manheimer added that crowd-control tactics are used “judiciously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is specifically a tool for those violent disruptors who would seek to destroy parts of Oakland and cause fear amongst our community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lederman said that these tactics put protestors — including the elderly or young children, journalists and bystanders — at risk of injury or even death. Lederman reported that two people, one of them a photographer, were struck with rubber bullets during the protest Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve also seen quite a bit of use of the impact munitions, like the large rubber bullets and other munitions that are fired from a gun or launcher,” Lederman said. “Those aren’t supposed to be fired into the crowds either because of the serious risk of hitting an innocent person. And they’re supposed to only be aimed at safe or target areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s crowd-control policy requires the department to use minimal physical force when controlling an assembly — whether lawful or unlawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Occupy protests in 2014, Oakland police shot a non-lethal projectile that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/130079/iraq-vet-scott-olsen-settles-occupy-suit-against-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">struck an Iraq war veteran\u003c/a> in the head, causing permanent brain damage. The city settled that case for $4.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Libby Schaaf’s office said the use of tear gas in recent protests will be investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any use of chemical agents is extremely unfortunate and will be thoroughly investigated afterwards to ensure its use was in strict compliance with policy,” said Justin Berton, a spokesperson for the mayor’s office, in an email. “Any Oakland officers who violate polices will be held accountable. Oakland has been reviewing and re-examining all of its use-of-force policies under the leadership of our Citizen Police Commission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Wednesday, three Oakland City Council members \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:a304ee9c-af11-443c-964f-2c7cee95cb2d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urged Schaaf\u003c/a> and law enforcement to halt the use of tear gas on protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Council President Rebecca Kaplan said she’s received complaints that tear gas has crept into residential homes, hurting elderly residents and people uninvolved in the demonstrations. She also criticized the department for pushing protesters into small business districts like Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the purpose of the police is not to serve and protect the communities then what is their purpose?” Kaplan said. “If they are making things worse for small businesses like those in Chinatown, then what is their goal?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaplan also said that the use of tear gas could increase the risk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822442/four-bay-area-cities-have-used-tear-gas-heres-how-it-makes-covid-19-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spreading the coronavirus\u003c/a>, because protesters may be forced to remove masks that have been contaminated with tear gas chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infectious disease experts, including UCSF professor Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, have called for police departments to stop using tear gas during the current public health pandemic. Getting tear gassed increases the risk of becoming infected with COVID-19, as well as the risk of spreading it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If somebody has COVID-19 and they get tear gassed, they’re going to be coughing more. They’re going to be spitting more. They’re going to be shouting more in pain … so that’s one risk,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other risk is that tear gas could degrade the lungs and make a protester more susceptible to coronavirus infection down the line, he added. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tear gas cannot be aimed. If you have a group of people doing nothing wrong and one or two that are doing something wrong, you can’t solve that with tear gas,” Kaplan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaplan and council members Nikki Fortunato Bas and Sheng Thao, who co-signed the letter, are calling on the Schaaf and Manheimer to answer questions about the use of tear gas during a special meeting next Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Julia Scott contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Curfews Lifted, George Floyd Rallies and Marches Continue Around Bay Area",
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"content": "\u003cp>Significant events in Thursday's continuing Bay Area response to the May 25 police killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:30 p.m.: A Black Lives Matter caravan in San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA caravan — by one observer's count including more than 300 cars — cruised from San Francisco's Richmond District and through other neighborhoods in the latest motor-centric demonstration against police violence (thousands of cars turned out for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BayAreaJulie/status/1267204653252399104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a similar rally\u003c/a> in Oakland on Sunday).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez spotted the line of cars as it passed Clement Street and 6th Avenue in the Richmond:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/FitzTheReporter/status/1268738996999340034\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9 p.m.: Oakland's latest George Floyd event wraps up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The By Any Means Necessary rally and march in downtown Oakland ended just after 8 p.m. with people drifting away in small groups and, as KQED's Kevin Stark noted with some surprise, \"even waiting at stoplights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1268742468675072001\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8 p.m.: Where else in the Bay Area have there been George Floyd protests today?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bigger gatherings in the Bay Area tonight: In Albany and El Cerrito, where about 1,000 people have taken to the streets in a march down San Pablo Avenue. That's just one of many such events all day across the Bay Area, including Healdsburg, Livermore, Fremont, San Jose, Los Altos, Mountain View, South San Francisco and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/1alyssakang/status/1268730565517144064\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6:35 p.m. Thursday: Oakland march begins after rally\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA rally called by activist group By Any Means Necessary is on the move after a rally at Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza, in front of City Hall. Demonstrators \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katewolffe/status/1268713511510634496\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">marched to West Grand Avenue\u003c/a>, then west, chanting \"no justice, no peace.\" One of the highlights: A group of young musicians led the gathering in a ho'oponopono chant — \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/focus-forgiveness/201105/the-hawaiian-secret-forgiveness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a ritual of forgiveness and reconciliation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/katewolffe/status/1268711058639745024\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5:30 p.m.: Health care workers stage Oakland kneel-in\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBefore the start of a By Any Means Necessary rally outside Oakland City Hall, more than 100 health care workers gathered for a \"White Coats for Black Lives\" kneel-in in memory of George Floyd and other victims of police violence. “Police violence and brutality is a public health emergency,\" Dr. Kristen Lum, a pediatrician, told KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kevin Stark\u003c/a>. \"Just like we’re in the COVID pandemic we should consider the events that have gone on recently to be a public health emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1268709140844576768\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4 p.m.: City of Oakland, Alameda and Contra Costa counties (and others) end curfews\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the subsidence of a wave of property crime that coincided with the past week's George Floyd demonstrations, the cities of Oakland and Berkeley and the counties of Alameda and Contra Costa all canceled curfews they imposed earlier this week. San Francisco, San Jose and other jurisdictions allowed their orders to expire earlier Thursday. (See our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822230/curfews-expand-in-the-bay-area-check-your-town\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full list\u003c/a> of curfews and their current status.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theft and vandalism that had occurred alongside nonviolent protest has eased this week. At the same time, several major demonstrations in Oakland and San Francisco have proceeded without incident. Those rallies and marches have also been remarkable for police taking a less confrontational stance toward the gatherings. Police were out in force in downtown Oakland on Wednesday night during a rally that drew several thousand people to 14th Street and Broadway, for instance, but chose to keep their distance for the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday's coverage includes reporting from KQED's Kate Wolffe and Kevin Stark. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> Significant events in \u003cstrong>Wednesday's\u003c/strong> Bay Area protests of the May 25 police killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police, along with related developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12:30 a.m. Thursday: Oakland dances, then heads home\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs noted below, Oakland's anti-curfew, anti-police violence, pro-change rally ended with people literally dancing in the streets. Reporters noted that Oakland police, backed up by personnel from San Francisco and other jurisdictions, kept their distance, staging in force about six blocks from the party. People departed 14th Street and Broadway before midnight, with no arrests connected to the event reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the scene, via the East Bay Times' David DeBolt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/daviddebolt/status/1268430294551388161\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11:20 p.m.: Arrests on San Francisco's Mission Street\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nABC7 helicopter video streaming at 11:20 p.m. showed a cordon of roughly 50 San Francisco police officers who had detained 15 to 20 people in front of the Mission Ink tattoo parlor, on Mission Street near 20th Street. One of those detained was Mission Local reporter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/badjujusf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Julian Mark\u003c/a>. He tweeted that those detained just before 11 p.m. had participated in tonight's nonviolent protests and that police stopped them for violating the city's emergency curfew. That order is set to expire at 5 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/danbrekke/status/1268434985582620672\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11:10 p.m.: Oakland rally turns ... into a party\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's Erin Baldassari reports that about 200 people from tonight's rally at 14th Street and Broadway remain on the scene — and she confirms that a dance party is in progress at the intersection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10:25 p.m.: San Francisco marchers disperse\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/susieneilson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Susie Neilson\u003c/a> reports that the marchers who gathered briefly in front of City Hall have dispersed. And so have those who had held a vigil all evening outside the San Francisco Police Department's Mission Station. Sala-Haquekyah Chandler, whose son was killed in a 2015 shooting in the Western Addition neighborhood, was one of those at the station, and at 10:20 p.m. she told the remaining 30 or so youthful protesters there to head home. \"Big mom energy,\" is how Neilson described Chandler's directive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822853\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11822853\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut.jpg 1446w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial at Oscar Grant Plaza for black lives lost to police violence. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10:15 p.m.: Oakland rally is over, but many are still on street\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAt 10:15 p.m., Cat Brooks, a co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, which sponsored tonight's \"F___ Your Curfew\" event, wrapped up the formal proceedings. \"Walk with a buddy. If you're staying out here, take care of yourselves and take care of each other,\" Brooks said. \"I'm not going to tell you what to do or what not to do — I don't know how many windows there are left to break, though. The only thing I care about, the only thing we care about, the only thing APTP cares about is that you all take care of yourselves and take care of each other.\" Many hundreds remained at 14th Street and Broadway after Brooks ended. Here's part of that scene via KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alex Emslie\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter/status/1268416851454779393\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10 p.m.: Still going strong in Oakland\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe crowd gathered at and around City Hall-Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza/14th Street and Broadway is still very big. Several thousand, anyway. Here's the scene as viewed by ABC7's chopper at 10 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/danbrekke/status/1268408184143622144\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:55 p.m.: In Santa Rosa, meanwhile ...\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere was an evening of quiet, sparse protest in Santa Rosa tonight, where people have been turning out nightly. About 9 p.m., an hour past the city's curfew, a squad of 30 police officers marched into the city's Courthouse Square to deal with a quartet of protesters — four, literally — who remained there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/gmeline/status/1268405660795801600\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:30 p.m.: San Francisco police issue curfew warning\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOfficers are warning the Civic Center-bound protesters they're subject to arrest for violating the 8 p.m. curfew. About 200 people still appear to be walking toward City Hall. Police, including a line of officers at the building's Polk Street entrance and dozens of motorcycle officers staged in front of the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium, are waiting for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:20 p.m.: San Francisco protesters on the move\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's Susie Neilson reports the big crowd at the Hall of Justice has moved out, with many people apparently headed home but a sizable contingent marching to City Hall — despite it being nearly an hour and a half after curfew. The crowd departed the Hall, on Bryant Street, after staging an 8-minute, 46-second vigil for George Floyd. That's the length of time that former Minneapolis police Officer Derek Chauvin, who now faces a charge of second-degree murder, knelt on Floyd's neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/susieneilson/status/1268393089871142912\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11822852\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justin (left) and Shiko write phone numbers on their arm before a protest against police violence in Oakland on June 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8:30 p.m.: What happened last night in San Francisco, Oakland\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor context: On \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822469/george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfew-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuesday night\u003c/a>, small numbers of demonstrators remained on the street in both San Francisco and Oakland after the curfew hour. San Francisco police more or less ignored a group of 50 to 60 people at City Hall — until they marched to the Hall of Justice. Then most of those in the group were arrested. In Oakland, dozens remained on Broadway, just up the street from police headquarters, until 10 p.m. Police then gave an order to disperse, and everyone left more or less quietly. No arrests were made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11822850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Houston speaks during a protest against police violence on 14th and Broadway in Oakland on June 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8:25 p.m.: An Oakland protester on the curfew\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBrooke Pearson of Oakland, as crowd swelled outside Oakland City Hall: \"I believe curfew in this instance is designed to further suppress black voices and our allies. It’s completely unjustified. The people that are here are by and large completely peaceful. We have a message that we’re trying to send, and the curfew gets in the way of that and creates fear, which I believe is intended to keep people home, to keep people from taking to the streets, and it’s a way of suppressing our free speech and our right to organize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter/status/1268390014313828352\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8 p.m.: Curfew hours arrive, protesters stay put\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThousands of people remain out on the streets in San Francisco and Oakland in direct defiance of curfew orders that authorities imposed over the last several days to curtail property destruction and violence that coincided with the George Floyd protests. The main gathering in San Francisco is at the Hall of Justice where hundreds of demonstrators have jammed Bryant Street, face to face with a line of San Francisco police officers and sheriff's deputies deployed at the building's entrance. In Oakland, it appears that thousands have responded to a call to challenge the 8 p.m. curfew. Police have showed no inclination, so far, to try to get the crowds to leave. From KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/e_baldi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Erin Baldassari\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/e_baldi/status/1268377136663953409\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7:50 p.m. Oakland crowd grows\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alex Emslie \u003c/a>reports that at least 1,000 people are gathered at Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza 10 minutes prior to curfew taking effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter/status/1268374623898329095\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7:30 p.m.: Mission High march and rally\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPerhaps the biggest event of the last six days of major police violence protests across the Bay Area: A huge throng, many thousands, mostly youth, rallied at Mission High School in San Francisco at 4 p.m., then marched to the Castro, back through the Mission, east on 16th Street, then up Bryant Street to the city's Hall of Justice — a nearly 3-mile route. Hundreds remained as the city's 8 p.m. curfew hour approached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/susieneilson/status/1268360345665433600\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6:30 p.m. Oakland curfew protest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPeople are beginning to gather at Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza for an 8 p.m. protest called to challenge Oakland and Alameda County's overnight curfews. The county order is due to expire Friday morning; the city's is in place indefinitely. Both were imposed in response to violence and property destruction that coincided with George Floyd protests over the weekend. But the orders themselves have become the object of new controversy, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822543/civil-liberties-advocates-raise-concerns-about-curfews-imposed-across-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announced\u003c/a> that her city's curfew would be allowed to end at 5 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DarwinBondGraha/status/1268298165934940160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 p.m.: ACLU demands end to curfews\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California sent letters to Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Napa counties, as well as the cities of Palo Alto and San Francisco demanding the end to the curfews. The letter said, in part: \"These sweeping measures, allowing police to arrest anyone outside from the early evening hours until 5 a.m., violate the First Amendment right to free speech and assembly. These vague, open-ended curfews are not only the wrong way of preventing violent offshoots from peaceful protests. They further inflame the situation by giving police wide discretion to arrest and harass individuals exercising their First Amendment rights — as well as the media documenting this historic moment. We are outraged by the tear gas, rubber bullets and other tactics that have been used against peaceful protesters and we stand in solidarity with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Alex Emslie, Susie Neilson, Erin Baldessari, Beth LaBerge, Anna Vignet and Gabe Meline contributed reporting for this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Significant events in Thursday's continuing Bay Area response to the May 25 police killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:30 p.m.: A Black Lives Matter caravan in San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA caravan — by one observer's count including more than 300 cars — cruised from San Francisco's Richmond District and through other neighborhoods in the latest motor-centric demonstration against police violence (thousands of cars turned out for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BayAreaJulie/status/1267204653252399104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a similar rally\u003c/a> in Oakland on Sunday).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez spotted the line of cars as it passed Clement Street and 6th Avenue in the Richmond:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The By Any Means Necessary rally and march in downtown Oakland ended just after 8 p.m. with people drifting away in small groups and, as KQED's Kevin Stark noted with some surprise, \"even waiting at stoplights.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8 p.m.: Where else in the Bay Area have there been George Floyd protests today?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bigger gatherings in the Bay Area tonight: In Albany and El Cerrito, where about 1,000 people have taken to the streets in a march down San Pablo Avenue. That's just one of many such events all day across the Bay Area, including Healdsburg, Livermore, Fremont, San Jose, Los Altos, Mountain View, South San Francisco and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6:35 p.m. Thursday: Oakland march begins after rally\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA rally called by activist group By Any Means Necessary is on the move after a rally at Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza, in front of City Hall. Demonstrators \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katewolffe/status/1268713511510634496\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">marched to West Grand Avenue\u003c/a>, then west, chanting \"no justice, no peace.\" One of the highlights: A group of young musicians led the gathering in a ho'oponopono chant — \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/focus-forgiveness/201105/the-hawaiian-secret-forgiveness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a ritual of forgiveness and reconciliation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5:30 p.m.: Health care workers stage Oakland kneel-in\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBefore the start of a By Any Means Necessary rally outside Oakland City Hall, more than 100 health care workers gathered for a \"White Coats for Black Lives\" kneel-in in memory of George Floyd and other victims of police violence. “Police violence and brutality is a public health emergency,\" Dr. Kristen Lum, a pediatrician, told KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kevin Stark\u003c/a>. \"Just like we’re in the COVID pandemic we should consider the events that have gone on recently to be a public health emergency.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4 p.m.: City of Oakland, Alameda and Contra Costa counties (and others) end curfews\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the subsidence of a wave of property crime that coincided with the past week's George Floyd demonstrations, the cities of Oakland and Berkeley and the counties of Alameda and Contra Costa all canceled curfews they imposed earlier this week. San Francisco, San Jose and other jurisdictions allowed their orders to expire earlier Thursday. (See our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822230/curfews-expand-in-the-bay-area-check-your-town\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full list\u003c/a> of curfews and their current status.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theft and vandalism that had occurred alongside nonviolent protest has eased this week. At the same time, several major demonstrations in Oakland and San Francisco have proceeded without incident. Those rallies and marches have also been remarkable for police taking a less confrontational stance toward the gatherings. Police were out in force in downtown Oakland on Wednesday night during a rally that drew several thousand people to 14th Street and Broadway, for instance, but chose to keep their distance for the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday's coverage includes reporting from KQED's Kate Wolffe and Kevin Stark. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> Significant events in \u003cstrong>Wednesday's\u003c/strong> Bay Area protests of the May 25 police killing of George Floyd by Minneapolis police, along with related developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12:30 a.m. Thursday: Oakland dances, then heads home\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs noted below, Oakland's anti-curfew, anti-police violence, pro-change rally ended with people literally dancing in the streets. Reporters noted that Oakland police, backed up by personnel from San Francisco and other jurisdictions, kept their distance, staging in force about six blocks from the party. People departed 14th Street and Broadway before midnight, with no arrests connected to the event reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the scene, via the East Bay Times' David DeBolt:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11:20 p.m.: Arrests on San Francisco's Mission Street\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nABC7 helicopter video streaming at 11:20 p.m. showed a cordon of roughly 50 San Francisco police officers who had detained 15 to 20 people in front of the Mission Ink tattoo parlor, on Mission Street near 20th Street. One of those detained was Mission Local reporter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/badjujusf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Julian Mark\u003c/a>. He tweeted that those detained just before 11 p.m. had participated in tonight's nonviolent protests and that police stopped them for violating the city's emergency curfew. That order is set to expire at 5 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>11:10 p.m.: Oakland rally turns ... into a party\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's Erin Baldassari reports that about 200 people from tonight's rally at 14th Street and Broadway remain on the scene — and she confirms that a dance party is in progress at the intersection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10:25 p.m.: San Francisco marchers disperse\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/susieneilson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Susie Neilson\u003c/a> reports that the marchers who gathered briefly in front of City Hall have dispersed. And so have those who had held a vigil all evening outside the San Francisco Police Department's Mission Station. Sala-Haquekyah Chandler, whose son was killed in a 2015 shooting in the Western Addition neighborhood, was one of those at the station, and at 10:20 p.m. she told the remaining 30 or so youthful protesters there to head home. \"Big mom energy,\" is how Neilson described Chandler's directive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822853\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11822853\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43536_Image-from-iOS-5-qut.jpg 1446w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial at Oscar Grant Plaza for black lives lost to police violence. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10:15 p.m.: Oakland rally is over, but many are still on street\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAt 10:15 p.m., Cat Brooks, a co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, which sponsored tonight's \"F___ Your Curfew\" event, wrapped up the formal proceedings. \"Walk with a buddy. If you're staying out here, take care of yourselves and take care of each other,\" Brooks said. \"I'm not going to tell you what to do or what not to do — I don't know how many windows there are left to break, though. The only thing I care about, the only thing we care about, the only thing APTP cares about is that you all take care of yourselves and take care of each other.\" Many hundreds remained at 14th Street and Broadway after Brooks ended. Here's part of that scene via KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alex Emslie\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10 p.m.: Still going strong in Oakland\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe crowd gathered at and around City Hall-Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza/14th Street and Broadway is still very big. Several thousand, anyway. Here's the scene as viewed by ABC7's chopper at 10 p.m.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:55 p.m.: In Santa Rosa, meanwhile ...\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere was an evening of quiet, sparse protest in Santa Rosa tonight, where people have been turning out nightly. About 9 p.m., an hour past the city's curfew, a squad of 30 police officers marched into the city's Courthouse Square to deal with a quartet of protesters — four, literally — who remained there.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:30 p.m.: San Francisco police issue curfew warning\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOfficers are warning the Civic Center-bound protesters they're subject to arrest for violating the 8 p.m. curfew. About 200 people still appear to be walking toward City Hall. Police, including a line of officers at the building's Polk Street entrance and dozens of motorcycle officers staged in front of the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium, are waiting for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9:20 p.m.: San Francisco protesters on the move\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's Susie Neilson reports the big crowd at the Hall of Justice has moved out, with many people apparently headed home but a sizable contingent marching to City Hall — despite it being nearly an hour and a half after curfew. The crowd departed the Hall, on Bryant Street, after staging an 8-minute, 46-second vigil for George Floyd. That's the length of time that former Minneapolis police Officer Derek Chauvin, who now faces a charge of second-degree murder, knelt on Floyd's neck.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11822852\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/001_KQED_Oakland_GeorgeFloydProtest_06032020.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justin (left) and Shiko write phone numbers on their arm before a protest against police violence in Oakland on June 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8:30 p.m.: What happened last night in San Francisco, Oakland\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor context: On \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822469/george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfew-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuesday night\u003c/a>, small numbers of demonstrators remained on the street in both San Francisco and Oakland after the curfew hour. San Francisco police more or less ignored a group of 50 to 60 people at City Hall — until they marched to the Hall of Justice. Then most of those in the group were arrested. In Oakland, dozens remained on Broadway, just up the street from police headquarters, until 10 p.m. Police then gave an order to disperse, and everyone left more or less quietly. No arrests were made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11822850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43534_Image-from-iOS-7-qut.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Houston speaks during a protest against police violence on 14th and Broadway in Oakland on June 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8:25 p.m.: An Oakland protester on the curfew\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBrooke Pearson of Oakland, as crowd swelled outside Oakland City Hall: \"I believe curfew in this instance is designed to further suppress black voices and our allies. It’s completely unjustified. The people that are here are by and large completely peaceful. We have a message that we’re trying to send, and the curfew gets in the way of that and creates fear, which I believe is intended to keep people home, to keep people from taking to the streets, and it’s a way of suppressing our free speech and our right to organize.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8 p.m.: Curfew hours arrive, protesters stay put\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThousands of people remain out on the streets in San Francisco and Oakland in direct defiance of curfew orders that authorities imposed over the last several days to curtail property destruction and violence that coincided with the George Floyd protests. The main gathering in San Francisco is at the Hall of Justice where hundreds of demonstrators have jammed Bryant Street, face to face with a line of San Francisco police officers and sheriff's deputies deployed at the building's entrance. In Oakland, it appears that thousands have responded to a call to challenge the 8 p.m. curfew. Police have showed no inclination, so far, to try to get the crowds to leave. From KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/e_baldi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Erin Baldassari\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7:50 p.m. Oakland crowd grows\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SFNewsReporter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alex Emslie \u003c/a>reports that at least 1,000 people are gathered at Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza 10 minutes prior to curfew taking effect.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7:30 p.m.: Mission High march and rally\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPerhaps the biggest event of the last six days of major police violence protests across the Bay Area: A huge throng, many thousands, mostly youth, rallied at Mission High School in San Francisco at 4 p.m., then marched to the Castro, back through the Mission, east on 16th Street, then up Bryant Street to the city's Hall of Justice — a nearly 3-mile route. Hundreds remained as the city's 8 p.m. curfew hour approached.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6:30 p.m. Oakland curfew protest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPeople are beginning to gather at Frank Ogawa/Oscar Grant Plaza for an 8 p.m. protest called to challenge Oakland and Alameda County's overnight curfews. The county order is due to expire Friday morning; the city's is in place indefinitely. Both were imposed in response to violence and property destruction that coincided with George Floyd protests over the weekend. But the orders themselves have become the object of new controversy, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822543/civil-liberties-advocates-raise-concerns-about-curfews-imposed-across-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announced\u003c/a> that her city's curfew would be allowed to end at 5 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5 p.m.: ACLU demands end to curfews\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California sent letters to Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Napa counties, as well as the cities of Palo Alto and San Francisco demanding the end to the curfews. The letter said, in part: \"These sweeping measures, allowing police to arrest anyone outside from the early evening hours until 5 a.m., violate the First Amendment right to free speech and assembly. These vague, open-ended curfews are not only the wrong way of preventing violent offshoots from peaceful protests. They further inflame the situation by giving police wide discretion to arrest and harass individuals exercising their First Amendment rights — as well as the media documenting this historic moment. We are outraged by the tear gas, rubber bullets and other tactics that have been used against peaceful protesters and we stand in solidarity with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Alex Emslie, Susie Neilson, Erin Baldessari, Beth LaBerge, Anna Vignet and Gabe Meline contributed reporting for this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Police Use of Rubber Bullets on Protesters Can Kill, Blind or Maim for Life",
"title": "Police Use of Rubber Bullets on Protesters Can Kill, Blind or Maim for Life",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In cities across the country, police departments have attempted to quell unrest spurred by the killing of George Floyd by firing rubber bullets into crowds, even though five decades of evidence shows such \u003ca href=\"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/12/e018154\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">weapons can disable, disfigure and even kill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to rubber bullets — which often have a metal core — police have used tear gas, flash-bang grenades, pepper spray gas and projectiles to control crowds of demonstrators demanding justice for 46-year-old George Floyd, who died after a Minneapolis police officer knelt on his neck while other officers restrained his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use by police of rubber bullets has provoked outrage, as graphic images have flashed on social media showing people who have lost an eye or suffered other injuries after being hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AGuzmanLopez/status/1267269781805137920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1267269781805137920&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fcaliforniahealthline.org%2Fnews%2Fpolice-using-rubber-bullets-on-protesters-that-can-kill-blind-or-maim-for-life%2F\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/12/e018154\">study\u003c/a> published in 2017 in the BMJ found that 3% of people hit by rubber bullets died of the injury. Fifteen percent of the 1,984 people studied were permanently injured by the rubber bullets, also known as “kinetic impact projectiles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubber bullets should be used only to control “an extremely dangerous crowd,” said Brian Higgins, the former police chief of Bergen County, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shooting them into open crowds is reckless and dangerous,” said Dr. Douglas Lazzaro, a professor and expert in eye trauma at NYU Langone Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/grandmother-hit-with-rubber-bullet-remains-in-icu/2337061/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a grandmother in La Mesa, California\u003c/a>, was hospitalized in an intensive care unit after being hit between the eyes with a rubber bullet. Actor \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/31/us/kendrick-sampson-los-angeles-protest-trnd/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kendrick Sampson\u003c/a> said he was hit by rubber bullets seven times at a Los Angeles protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., the National Guard allegedly fired rubber bullets Monday to disperse \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/authorities-use-rubber-bullets-tear-gas-to-clear-protesters-near-white-house/2020/06/01/50c5b6c3-6144-4a33-a3d1-47d62f13a243_video.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">peaceful protesters near a historic church\u003c/a> where President Trump was subsequently photographed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-william-p-barrs-statement-protests-washington-dc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In a statement\u003c/a>, Attorney General William Barr defended the actions of local and federal law enforcement officers in Washington, saying they had “made significant progress in restoring order to the nation’s capital.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barr did not mention the use of tear gas or rubber bullets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/tamaradhia/status/1267470566451077122?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1267470566451077122&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fcaliforniahealthline.org%2Fnews%2Fpolice-using-rubber-bullets-on-protesters-that-can-kill-blind-or-maim-for-life%2F\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freelance photographer Linda Tirado said she was \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KillerMartinis/status/1266786161143537669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blinded by a rubber bullet\u003c/a> at a protest in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Minneapolis Police Department spokesperson John Elder said, “We use 40 mm less-lethal foam marking rounds. We do not use rubber bullets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elder didn’t mention the brand name of the foam marking rounds used by Minneapolis police. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense-technology.com/products/impact-munitions/40-mm-munitions/direct-impact-40-mm-marking-crushable-foam-round-1012836.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a> for the “Direct Impact 40 mm OC Crushable Foam Round” depicts a green, bullet-shaped product described as a “point-of-aim, point-of-impact direct-fire round.” The site says the projectiles are “an excellent solution whether you need to incapacitate a single subject or control a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how often police use rubber bullets, or how many people are harmed every year, said Dr. Rohini Haar, a lecturer at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health and medical expert with Physicians for Human Rights. Many victims don’t go to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are not required to document their use of rubber bullets, so there is no national data to show how often they’re used, said Higgins, now an adjunct professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York. There are no nationally agreed-upon standards for their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When aimed at the legs, rubber bullets can stop a dangerous person or crowd from getting closer to a police officer, Lazzaro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when fired at close range, rubber bullets can penetrate the skin, break bones, fracture the skull and explode the eyeball, he said. Rubber bullets can cause traumatic brain injuries and “serious abdominal injury, including injuries to the spleen and bowel along with major blood vessels,” said Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency physician in New York City and a spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='george-floyd']Firing rubber bullets from a distance decreases both their force and their accuracy, increasing the risk of shooting people in the face or hitting bystanders, Lazzaro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians for Human Rights, a nonprofit advocacy group based in New York, has called for rubber bullets to be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The British military developed rubber bullets 50 years ago to control nationalist rioters in \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2009006,00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northern Ireland\u003c/a>, although the United Kingdom stopped using them decades ago. Rubber bullets are used by Israeli security forces against Palestinian demonstrators. \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.eu/article/yellow-jackets-blinded-police-weapons-france-protests/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">French police\u003c/a> were criticized for using rubber bullets last year after dozens of “yellow jacket” demonstrators were blinded and \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/29/emmanuel-macrons-france-yellow-jackets-police-europe-year-of-cracking-heads/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hundreds were injured.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rubber bullets are used almost every day somewhere in the world,” Haar said. “Using them against unarmed civilians is a huge violation of human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many “less than lethal” police weapons can cause serious harm, according to \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_other/PHR_INCLO_Fact_Sheets_Acoustic_Weapons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Physicians for Human Rights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Acoustic weapons, such as sound cannons that make painfully loud noises, can damage hearing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tear gas can make it difficult to see and breathe\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pepper spray, while painful and irritating, doesn’t cause permanent damage, Lazzaro said\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pepper spray balls, which have been used to quell recent protests, can be deadly when used incorrectly. In 2004, a 21-year-old Boston woman was hit in the eye and killed by a pepper spray pellet fired by police to disperse crowds celebrating the city’s World Series win\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disorientation devices that create loud noises and bright lights, known as concussion grenades or flash-bangs, can cause severe burns and blast injuries, including damage to the ear drum. Panicked crowds can cause crush injuries\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water cannons can cause internal injuries, falls and even frostbite during cold weather\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Physical force, such as hitting someone to subdue them, causes about one in three people to be hospitalized, said Dr. Howie Mell, a spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians and former tactical physician, who worked with SWAT teams\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Rubber bullets are less harmful than subduing people by “physical force or regular bullets, Mell said. “But we’re firing a lot more of them this week than we usually do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In cities across the country, police departments have attempted to quell unrest spurred by the killing of George Floyd by firing rubber bullets into crowds, even though five decades of evidence shows such \u003ca href=\"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/12/e018154\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">weapons can disable, disfigure and even kill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to rubber bullets — which often have a metal core — police have used tear gas, flash-bang grenades, pepper spray gas and projectiles to control crowds of demonstrators demanding justice for 46-year-old George Floyd, who died after a Minneapolis police officer knelt on his neck while other officers restrained his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use by police of rubber bullets has provoked outrage, as graphic images have flashed on social media showing people who have lost an eye or suffered other injuries after being hit.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/12/e018154\">study\u003c/a> published in 2017 in the BMJ found that 3% of people hit by rubber bullets died of the injury. Fifteen percent of the 1,984 people studied were permanently injured by the rubber bullets, also known as “kinetic impact projectiles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubber bullets should be used only to control “an extremely dangerous crowd,” said Brian Higgins, the former police chief of Bergen County, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shooting them into open crowds is reckless and dangerous,” said Dr. Douglas Lazzaro, a professor and expert in eye trauma at NYU Langone Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/grandmother-hit-with-rubber-bullet-remains-in-icu/2337061/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a grandmother in La Mesa, California\u003c/a>, was hospitalized in an intensive care unit after being hit between the eyes with a rubber bullet. Actor \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/31/us/kendrick-sampson-los-angeles-protest-trnd/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kendrick Sampson\u003c/a> said he was hit by rubber bullets seven times at a Los Angeles protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., the National Guard allegedly fired rubber bullets Monday to disperse \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/authorities-use-rubber-bullets-tear-gas-to-clear-protesters-near-white-house/2020/06/01/50c5b6c3-6144-4a33-a3d1-47d62f13a243_video.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">peaceful protesters near a historic church\u003c/a> where President Trump was subsequently photographed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-william-p-barrs-statement-protests-washington-dc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">In a statement\u003c/a>, Attorney General William Barr defended the actions of local and federal law enforcement officers in Washington, saying they had “made significant progress in restoring order to the nation’s capital.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barr did not mention the use of tear gas or rubber bullets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Freelance photographer Linda Tirado said she was \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KillerMartinis/status/1266786161143537669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blinded by a rubber bullet\u003c/a> at a protest in Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Minneapolis Police Department spokesperson John Elder said, “We use 40 mm less-lethal foam marking rounds. We do not use rubber bullets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elder didn’t mention the brand name of the foam marking rounds used by Minneapolis police. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense-technology.com/products/impact-munitions/40-mm-munitions/direct-impact-40-mm-marking-crushable-foam-round-1012836.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a> for the “Direct Impact 40 mm OC Crushable Foam Round” depicts a green, bullet-shaped product described as a “point-of-aim, point-of-impact direct-fire round.” The site says the projectiles are “an excellent solution whether you need to incapacitate a single subject or control a crowd.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows how often police use rubber bullets, or how many people are harmed every year, said Dr. Rohini Haar, a lecturer at the UC Berkeley School of Public Health and medical expert with Physicians for Human Rights. Many victims don’t go to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are not required to document their use of rubber bullets, so there is no national data to show how often they’re used, said Higgins, now an adjunct professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York. There are no nationally agreed-upon standards for their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When aimed at the legs, rubber bullets can stop a dangerous person or crowd from getting closer to a police officer, Lazzaro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when fired at close range, rubber bullets can penetrate the skin, break bones, fracture the skull and explode the eyeball, he said. Rubber bullets can cause traumatic brain injuries and “serious abdominal injury, including injuries to the spleen and bowel along with major blood vessels,” said Dr. Robert Glatter, an emergency physician in New York City and a spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Firing rubber bullets from a distance decreases both their force and their accuracy, increasing the risk of shooting people in the face or hitting bystanders, Lazzaro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians for Human Rights, a nonprofit advocacy group based in New York, has called for rubber bullets to be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The British military developed rubber bullets 50 years ago to control nationalist rioters in \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2009006,00.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Northern Ireland\u003c/a>, although the United Kingdom stopped using them decades ago. Rubber bullets are used by Israeli security forces against Palestinian demonstrators. \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.eu/article/yellow-jackets-blinded-police-weapons-france-protests/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">French police\u003c/a> were criticized for using rubber bullets last year after dozens of “yellow jacket” demonstrators were blinded and \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/29/emmanuel-macrons-france-yellow-jackets-police-europe-year-of-cracking-heads/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hundreds were injured.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rubber bullets are used almost every day somewhere in the world,” Haar said. “Using them against unarmed civilians is a huge violation of human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many “less than lethal” police weapons can cause serious harm, according to \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_other/PHR_INCLO_Fact_Sheets_Acoustic_Weapons.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Physicians for Human Rights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Acoustic weapons, such as sound cannons that make painfully loud noises, can damage hearing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tear gas can make it difficult to see and breathe\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pepper spray, while painful and irritating, doesn’t cause permanent damage, Lazzaro said\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pepper spray balls, which have been used to quell recent protests, can be deadly when used incorrectly. In 2004, a 21-year-old Boston woman was hit in the eye and killed by a pepper spray pellet fired by police to disperse crowds celebrating the city’s World Series win\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Disorientation devices that create loud noises and bright lights, known as concussion grenades or flash-bangs, can cause severe burns and blast injuries, including damage to the ear drum. Panicked crowds can cause crush injuries\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water cannons can cause internal injuries, falls and even frostbite during cold weather\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Physical force, such as hitting someone to subdue them, causes about one in three people to be hospitalized, said Dr. Howie Mell, a spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians and former tactical physician, who worked with SWAT teams\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Rubber bullets are less harmful than subduing people by “physical force or regular bullets, Mell said. “But we’re firing a lot more of them this week than we usually do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Massive \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioremassiverallies\">non-violent rallies against police violence\u003c/a> continued on Wednesday, with thousands marching on both sides of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like just yesterday nearly all of us were hunkered down in our homes, keeping far away from anyone not in our household.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has long been infected with the festering disease of racist oppression which will unfortunately outlast the current coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>March on to fight the virus of police brutality and racism – just remember to wear your mask!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "From Citations to Dog Walking: What You Need to Know About Bay Area Curfews",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than a dozen Bay Area jurisdictions have imposed curfews as daily protests continue against police violence throughout the region following the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis by a police officer on Memorial Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend, Bay Area localities began announcing curfews, one after another. Though some cities have announced they will be lifting curfews, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822543/civil-liberties-advocates-raise-concerns-about-curfews-imposed-across-bay-area\">San Francisco\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/02/san-jose-to-lift-citywide-curfew-on-thursday-morning/\">San Jose\u003c/a>, the orders are still prompting many questions from residents — both from those who are participating in protests and those who aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're answering questions from our readers about the recently imposed curfews. Curfew guidelines may vary from county to county, so check with your jurisdictions's website for the most specific information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#2\">Which Bay Area jurisdictions are under curfew?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#3\">Who is exempt from the curfews?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#4\">What will happen if I'm out past curfew?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#5\">What should I do if I'm cited or arrested?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#6\">Can I walk my dog? Can I go outside for a reason not listed as exempt?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#7\">Can businesses stay open during curfew hours?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#11\">What is the link between locking down entire cities and preventing property damage?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#8\">Who has the authority to impose a curfew?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#9\">Who is pushing back against curfew orders?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#10\">Can I take action if I want the curfew to end?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Still have questions about curfews? \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"#1\">\u003cem>Ask us here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"2\">\u003c/a>Which Bay Area Jurisdictions Are Under Curfew?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here's an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822230/curfews-expand-in-the-bay-area-check-your-town\">updated list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"3\">\u003c/a>Who Is Exempt From the Curfews?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Check your locality’s announcement for specific exemptions. However, most Bay Area cities and counties exempt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Police officers, firefighters, emergency operation employees or any other responding personnel deployed to the area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People who can \"establish to the satisfaction of a peace officer\" that they are outside for the sole purpose of traveling to a home or workplace or to seek medical assistance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorized journalists and employees of media organizations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People experiencing homelessness.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"4\">\u003c/a>What Will Happen If I'm Out Past Curfew?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you're stopped by police and they determine you're not exempt from the curfew, the officer could issue a citation or make an arrest. According to the San Francisco Police Department when the city was under curfew, people could be booked rather than cited and released if the police determines there was a likelihood the offense or offenses would continue or that \"the safety of persons or property would be imminently endangered by the person arrested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the National Lawyers Guild's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlg.org/know-your-rights/\">pocket-size practical resource guide\u003c/a> for people dealing with law enforcement, which is available in multiple languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"5\">\u003c/a>What Should I Do If I'm Cited or Arrested?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you need legal support for yourself or someone else, you can receive assistance by calling the National Lawyers Guild hotline at 415-909-4NLG. If you're inside a Bay Area jail, you can call 415-285-1011. \u003ca href=\"https://nlgsf.org/activist-support/\">Here is more information\u003c/a> on legal support provided by the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, if you believe you were wrongfully cited or experienced police misconduct, you can file a complaint with the law enforcement agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"6\">\u003c/a>Can I Walk My Dog? Can I Go Outside for a Reason Not Listed as Exempt?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dog walking is not listed as an exemption under curfews in many jurisdictions. According to SFPD spokesman Sgt. Michael Andraychak, it's up to the individual officer if they decide to cite you for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Officers have discretion and I can say that if I contacted someone walking their dog after curfew, I'd verify their address and ask them to finish up and go home,\" Andraychak wrote in an email. \"If I determined the person was from out of town or did not live in that neighborhood, I would consider a citation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the ACLU says the guidelines are leaving many people confused, and they've received dozens of reports from people getting arrested for doing things like going to the grocery store, visiting a relative or going to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are scared to leave their houses because they're afraid of getting arrested or picked up, just to sort of take a walk around the block. And the breadth of imposing that sort of restriction on millions of people is staggering,\" said Shilpi Agarwal, senior staff attorney and interim legal and policy director at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"7\">\u003c/a>Can Businesses Stay Open During Curfew Hours?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rules for businesses may vary under different curfew orders, so check you locality's website for specific information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, under San Francisco's now-rescinded order, workers could come and go to their workplaces, but businesses couldn't remain open to the public, except for urgent care centers and pharmacies. Drivers delivering goods to essential businesses were also allowed to continue operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"11\">\u003c/a>What is the Link Between Locking Down Entire Cities and Preventing Property Damage?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It depends on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed, with approval from SFPD Police Chief Bill Scott, issued a curfew order May 31, following reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821961/san-francisco-joins-renewed-bay-area-protests-against-george-floyd-killing\">vandalism and destruction\u003c/a> in San Francisco the previous night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It totally depleted our resources, and quite frankly we were overwhelmed,” Scott said during a Police Commission meeting June 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city arrested 87 people for breaking curfew the first night of the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 10:30 Sunday night, the streets of San Francisco were extremely quiet, most San Franciscans adhered to the curfew, and [for] the people who were out to cause destruction and havoc, we were able to have a tool at our disposal to deal with that situation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Agarwal called the curfew orders a “massive overreaction,” saying some California jurisdictions based their orders on few reports of illegal activity or incidents in neighboring cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically ... [curfews] have been very extreme situations where public unrest and the ability to allow for public safety has been truly out of control,” Agarwal said. “And now, what we're seeing is not that. What we're seeing is the government's willingness to impose these drastic curfews and lockdown measures based on a fear of something that could happen, when it hasn't actually happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"8\">\u003c/a>Who Has the Authority to Impose a Curfew?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across localities, the government entities that have announced curfew orders have varied. In some cases they have come from the sheriff's or mayor's offices or other officials, and other times it's been unclear to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa County, for example, the Board of Supervisors voted to issue the county's curfew. But other Bay Area curfews have been issued prior to a local legislative body meeting or voting on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"george-floyd\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Part of the problem is it's hard to pinpoint how these decisions are getting made,\" Agarwal said. \"It's been happening so rapidly. And no, it's not totally clear who the decision-maker is, what process was gone through, if there was any process to actually arrive at the decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts are questioning the legality of the curfew orders, citing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/vagueness_doctrine\">vagueness doctrine\u003c/a> in the Constitution, which requires criminal law to explicitly state what conduct is punishable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Independently of this moment in history, there are a lot of problems being introduced legally by these curfews and those vague and very broad ways in which they're being implemented, because they are leaving so much up to the police,\" Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"9\">\u003c/a>Who Is Pushing Back Against Curfew Orders?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Civil liberties advocates, including a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822543/civil-liberties-advocates-raise-concerns-about-curfews-imposed-across-bay-area\"> are pushing back against curfew orders\u003c/a> imposed across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MattHaneySF/status/1267985467057639424\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The exact problem that people are protesting is the level of power that we have given the police and how that is manifested against black and brown communities,\" Agarwal said. \"Why do we think that giving police more discretion and more power will do anything but perpetuate that problem?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A look back at \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/03/how-curfews-have-historically-been-used-restrict-physical-political-movements-black-people-us/\">the history of curfews in the U.S.\u003c/a> shows they have been used to further suppress, surveil and criminalize people of color, specifically black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who's going to get overpoliced as a result of this? Well, we know historically and overwhelmingly it's going to be black and brown folks, and in this moment particularly, black communities are going to suffer from this level of suppression,\" Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf announced the city's curfew order on Monday, she said it was necessary for safety after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821834/bay-area-protests-over-death-of-george-floyd\">extensive property damage during protests\u003c/a> over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With heavy hearts, we now believe that a curfew is necessary to protect our community, our residents and our businesses from further violence and vandalism,” Schaaf said. “We did not make this decision lightly, and we are mindful that a curfew is a serious tool that has been used by American governments as a tool of oppression and racial bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some protesters are organizing demonstrations against the curfews, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/730826337655586/\">sit out against the curfew in Oakland\u003c/a> on Wednesday at 8 p.m., organized by the Anti Police-Terror Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"10\">\u003c/a>Can I Take Action If I Want the Curfew to End?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes. If you want to speak out against the curfews being issued, Agarwal says to call and email local lawmakers, as some of the curfew orders may be up for debate at upcoming meetings. She also said to contact your local representatives in state government. Find contact information for you local and state elected officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/elected-officials\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"1\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Tell us: What do you want to know about curfews? Submit your questions below.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"5811\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/5811.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than a dozen Bay Area jurisdictions have imposed curfews as daily protests continue against police violence throughout the region following the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis by a police officer on Memorial Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend, Bay Area localities began announcing curfews, one after another. Though some cities have announced they will be lifting curfews, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822543/civil-liberties-advocates-raise-concerns-about-curfews-imposed-across-bay-area\">San Francisco\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/02/san-jose-to-lift-citywide-curfew-on-thursday-morning/\">San Jose\u003c/a>, the orders are still prompting many questions from residents — both from those who are participating in protests and those who aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're answering questions from our readers about the recently imposed curfews. Curfew guidelines may vary from county to county, so check with your jurisdictions's website for the most specific information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#2\">Which Bay Area jurisdictions are under curfew?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#3\">Who is exempt from the curfews?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#4\">What will happen if I'm out past curfew?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#5\">What should I do if I'm cited or arrested?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#6\">Can I walk my dog? Can I go outside for a reason not listed as exempt?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#7\">Can businesses stay open during curfew hours?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#11\">What is the link between locking down entire cities and preventing property damage?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#8\">Who has the authority to impose a curfew?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#9\">Who is pushing back against curfew orders?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#10\">Can I take action if I want the curfew to end?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Still have questions about curfews? \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"#1\">\u003cem>Ask us here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"2\">\u003c/a>Which Bay Area Jurisdictions Are Under Curfew?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here's an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822230/curfews-expand-in-the-bay-area-check-your-town\">updated list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"3\">\u003c/a>Who Is Exempt From the Curfews?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Check your locality’s announcement for specific exemptions. However, most Bay Area cities and counties exempt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Police officers, firefighters, emergency operation employees or any other responding personnel deployed to the area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People who can \"establish to the satisfaction of a peace officer\" that they are outside for the sole purpose of traveling to a home or workplace or to seek medical assistance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorized journalists and employees of media organizations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People experiencing homelessness.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"4\">\u003c/a>What Will Happen If I'm Out Past Curfew?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you're stopped by police and they determine you're not exempt from the curfew, the officer could issue a citation or make an arrest. According to the San Francisco Police Department when the city was under curfew, people could be booked rather than cited and released if the police determines there was a likelihood the offense or offenses would continue or that \"the safety of persons or property would be imminently endangered by the person arrested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the National Lawyers Guild's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlg.org/know-your-rights/\">pocket-size practical resource guide\u003c/a> for people dealing with law enforcement, which is available in multiple languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"5\">\u003c/a>What Should I Do If I'm Cited or Arrested?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you need legal support for yourself or someone else, you can receive assistance by calling the National Lawyers Guild hotline at 415-909-4NLG. If you're inside a Bay Area jail, you can call 415-285-1011. \u003ca href=\"https://nlgsf.org/activist-support/\">Here is more information\u003c/a> on legal support provided by the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, if you believe you were wrongfully cited or experienced police misconduct, you can file a complaint with the law enforcement agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"6\">\u003c/a>Can I Walk My Dog? Can I Go Outside for a Reason Not Listed as Exempt?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dog walking is not listed as an exemption under curfews in many jurisdictions. According to SFPD spokesman Sgt. Michael Andraychak, it's up to the individual officer if they decide to cite you for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Officers have discretion and I can say that if I contacted someone walking their dog after curfew, I'd verify their address and ask them to finish up and go home,\" Andraychak wrote in an email. \"If I determined the person was from out of town or did not live in that neighborhood, I would consider a citation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the ACLU says the guidelines are leaving many people confused, and they've received dozens of reports from people getting arrested for doing things like going to the grocery store, visiting a relative or going to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are scared to leave their houses because they're afraid of getting arrested or picked up, just to sort of take a walk around the block. And the breadth of imposing that sort of restriction on millions of people is staggering,\" said Shilpi Agarwal, senior staff attorney and interim legal and policy director at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"7\">\u003c/a>Can Businesses Stay Open During Curfew Hours?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rules for businesses may vary under different curfew orders, so check you locality's website for specific information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, under San Francisco's now-rescinded order, workers could come and go to their workplaces, but businesses couldn't remain open to the public, except for urgent care centers and pharmacies. Drivers delivering goods to essential businesses were also allowed to continue operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"11\">\u003c/a>What is the Link Between Locking Down Entire Cities and Preventing Property Damage?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It depends on who you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed, with approval from SFPD Police Chief Bill Scott, issued a curfew order May 31, following reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821961/san-francisco-joins-renewed-bay-area-protests-against-george-floyd-killing\">vandalism and destruction\u003c/a> in San Francisco the previous night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It totally depleted our resources, and quite frankly we were overwhelmed,” Scott said during a Police Commission meeting June 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city arrested 87 people for breaking curfew the first night of the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 10:30 Sunday night, the streets of San Francisco were extremely quiet, most San Franciscans adhered to the curfew, and [for] the people who were out to cause destruction and havoc, we were able to have a tool at our disposal to deal with that situation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Agarwal called the curfew orders a “massive overreaction,” saying some California jurisdictions based their orders on few reports of illegal activity or incidents in neighboring cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically ... [curfews] have been very extreme situations where public unrest and the ability to allow for public safety has been truly out of control,” Agarwal said. “And now, what we're seeing is not that. What we're seeing is the government's willingness to impose these drastic curfews and lockdown measures based on a fear of something that could happen, when it hasn't actually happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"8\">\u003c/a>Who Has the Authority to Impose a Curfew?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across localities, the government entities that have announced curfew orders have varied. In some cases they have come from the sheriff's or mayor's offices or other officials, and other times it's been unclear to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa County, for example, the Board of Supervisors voted to issue the county's curfew. But other Bay Area curfews have been issued prior to a local legislative body meeting or voting on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Part of the problem is it's hard to pinpoint how these decisions are getting made,\" Agarwal said. \"It's been happening so rapidly. And no, it's not totally clear who the decision-maker is, what process was gone through, if there was any process to actually arrive at the decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts are questioning the legality of the curfew orders, citing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/vagueness_doctrine\">vagueness doctrine\u003c/a> in the Constitution, which requires criminal law to explicitly state what conduct is punishable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Independently of this moment in history, there are a lot of problems being introduced legally by these curfews and those vague and very broad ways in which they're being implemented, because they are leaving so much up to the police,\" Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"9\">\u003c/a>Who Is Pushing Back Against Curfew Orders?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Civil liberties advocates, including a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822543/civil-liberties-advocates-raise-concerns-about-curfews-imposed-across-bay-area\"> are pushing back against curfew orders\u003c/a> imposed across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"The exact problem that people are protesting is the level of power that we have given the police and how that is manifested against black and brown communities,\" Agarwal said. \"Why do we think that giving police more discretion and more power will do anything but perpetuate that problem?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A look back at \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/03/how-curfews-have-historically-been-used-restrict-physical-political-movements-black-people-us/\">the history of curfews in the U.S.\u003c/a> shows they have been used to further suppress, surveil and criminalize people of color, specifically black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who's going to get overpoliced as a result of this? Well, we know historically and overwhelmingly it's going to be black and brown folks, and in this moment particularly, black communities are going to suffer from this level of suppression,\" Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf announced the city's curfew order on Monday, she said it was necessary for safety after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821834/bay-area-protests-over-death-of-george-floyd\">extensive property damage during protests\u003c/a> over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With heavy hearts, we now believe that a curfew is necessary to protect our community, our residents and our businesses from further violence and vandalism,” Schaaf said. “We did not make this decision lightly, and we are mindful that a curfew is a serious tool that has been used by American governments as a tool of oppression and racial bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some protesters are organizing demonstrations against the curfews, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/730826337655586/\">sit out against the curfew in Oakland\u003c/a> on Wednesday at 8 p.m., organized by the Anti Police-Terror Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"10\">\u003c/a>Can I Take Action If I Want the Curfew to End?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yes. If you want to speak out against the curfews being issued, Agarwal says to call and email local lawmakers, as some of the curfew orders may be up for debate at upcoming meetings. She also said to contact your local representatives in state government. Find contact information for you local and state elected officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/elected-officials\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"1\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Tell us: What do you want to know about curfews? Submit your questions below.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Final Days of PG&E Fire Settlement Vote, Hundreds of Survivors Still Had No Ballots",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the Friday before Memorial Day weekend, PG&E released results of a vote crucial to its exit from bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire survivors with wildfire-related claims against PG&E had overwhelmingly approved a multi-billion dollar compensation deal with the utility \"by in excess of 85 percent,\" PG&E reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a KQED investigation found a larger subset of fire survivors than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11819900/crucial-vote-on-pge-settlement-marked-by-late-ballots-high-emotion-for-some-fire-survivors\">previously reported\u003c/a> got their ballots weeks after the dates by which PG&E said they were mailed out, raising continued questions about the integrity of the voting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is racing to have its bankruptcy plan confirmed by June 30 so that it can tap a state wildfire insurance fund in time for the peak of this year's fire season. For that to happen, two-thirds of the fire survivors who voted on the settlement deal had to approve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 45,000 of the 51,000 fire claimants who voted supported the deal, according to Prime Clerk – the company PG&E hired to manage the process – but approximately 36,000 others either did not vote or had their ballots discarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains unclear is how many of those 36,000 fire survivors were impacted by issues with the voting process – a margin large enough to potentially sway the vote's outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Late Ballots for Hundreds of Fire Survivors\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While PG&E maintains that all voting materials were sent out by April 8, more than 200 fire survivors interviewed by KQED said they didn't receive their packets until May. A substantial portion got their packets less than a week before May 15, the deadline they were due to be received by Prime Clerk to be counted. Some got their ballots after that deadline had passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire survivors were supposed to have six weeks to read through the complex materials, a timeframe agreed on by PG&E and several other parties, including the official committee for fire survivors – and approved by U.S. Judge Dennis Montali, who is presiding over PG&E's bankruptcy trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interviews were conducted with a cross-section of fire victims, holding claims of various sizes from various fires, and expressing a range of opinions on the settlement. Claimants had the option to vote by phone, email or by mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camp Fire survivor Amy Byrd received her packet on May 18 – three days after the deadline. That left her scrambling to figure out how to make her vote count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did it online and tried to find a way to put in a comment letting them know I had just received the ballot, but they would not let me do that,\" Byrd told KQED in a phone interview. In a recent court filing, Prime Clerk included Byrd's name on a list of about 1,000 votes discarded because they arrived after the deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they dropped the ball,\" Byrd said of PG&E, despite her position in support of the settlement deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots.jpg\" alt=\"Camp Fire survivors Amanda Michaels and Eric Forrester noted the dates they received their voting packets on the PG&E fire settlement from Prime Clerk. Michaels reported she got her mailing on May 14, the day before the deadline to vote. Forrester said he received his on May 17, two days after ballots were due back.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1321\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11822717\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots-1020x702.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camp Fire survivors Amanda Michaels and Eric Forrester noted the dates they received their voting packets on the PG&E fire settlement from Prime Clerk. Michaels reported she got her mailing on May 14, the day before the deadline to vote. Forrester said he received his on May 17, two days after ballots were due back. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Amanda Michaels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tom Hess, another Camp Fire survivor, agreed. He got his voting packet on May 15, the day it was due back to Prime Clerk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just assumed that my vote did count and they would recognize my issue,\" said Hess, who noted the problem on his ballot, which he mailed to Prime Clerk in New York. Like many fire survivors, Hess learned that his vote had been discarded during his interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have a ton of confidence in the whole system,\" Hess said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Court Weighs Integrity of Voting Process\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The integrity of the voting process has emerged as a central theme in PG&E's bankruptcy confirmation trial, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821101/pges-bankruptcy-trial-opens-with-attacks-on-wildfire-settlement-voting-process\">began last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prime Clerk has documented 10,000 holders of fire claims who were not included in the final voting tally for reasons including late receipt, lack of signature or no vote indicated. Some opponents of the deal are calling for an independent examiner to be appointed to audit the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That request will be the subject of a hearing Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent testimony, Prime Clerk Vice President of Global Corporate Actions Christina Pullo, who supervised the voting process, acknowledged she knew some fire survivors had gotten the mailing days after the vote had ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We received inquiries from people stating that they had just received voting packages,\" Pullo told Camp Fire victim Mary Kim Wallace, who cross-examined her during the trial on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo estimated that \"a handful\" of people had complained. All voting materials were served by first-class mail, but envelopes were not postmarked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can only say we sent out materials,\" Pullo testified. \"I can't speculate as to why they did not receive them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11819900 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Camp-Fire-Aftermath-1038x576.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo also stated that Prime Clerk emailed claimants on April 3. Wallace, who received her packet on the day after the deadline, explained that she lives without reliable internet access or cell service, as do other survivors living in the footprint of the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo and Prime Clerk's CEO, Shai Waisman, did not reply to phone calls and emails requesting comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has declined to acknowledge that delays took place despite several inquiries since early May, when KQED first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11815472/as-pge-fire-survivors-near-deadline-to-vote-on-settlement-some-still-dont-have-ballots\">reported\u003c/a> the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We very much want to do right by the people and communities who have suffered so much as a result of wildfires in recent years,\" said PG&E spokesperson Andrew Castagnola in a statement. \"Our Chapter 11 process is intended to get them paid fairly and quickly, and we are in the final stages of being able to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='pge']PG&E needed support from two-thirds of fire claimants who vote. But the company failed to secure enough of a margin of \"Accept\" votes to decisively dismiss questions about the role that mailing delays may have played in the vote's outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo wrote in a court filing Tuesday that the outcome was unlikely to change because only one in six claims received late were from opponents of the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jared Ellias, who teaches bankruptcy law at UC Hastings College of the Law, told KQED he's not sure if the result would change if all survivors had received their voting materials on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal of the voting process was to bring everybody in, and it seems like they have fallen a little bit short,\" Ellias said. \"People voting in bankruptcy processes are often sophisticated hedge funds, and I think what we're seeing is that we may need a different paradigm when you have large numbers of disaster or tort victims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Camp Fire survivor Theresa McDonald wrote the court to register her support for an examiner of voting irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In explaining why it matters to fire victims, she wrote: \"It is a necessary piece of the puzzle I am trying to put together to understand the entire Camp Fire event. And make no mistake; these proceedings are part of the event.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the Friday before Memorial Day weekend, PG&E released results of a vote crucial to its exit from bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire survivors with wildfire-related claims against PG&E had overwhelmingly approved a multi-billion dollar compensation deal with the utility \"by in excess of 85 percent,\" PG&E reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a KQED investigation found a larger subset of fire survivors than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11819900/crucial-vote-on-pge-settlement-marked-by-late-ballots-high-emotion-for-some-fire-survivors\">previously reported\u003c/a> got their ballots weeks after the dates by which PG&E said they were mailed out, raising continued questions about the integrity of the voting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is racing to have its bankruptcy plan confirmed by June 30 so that it can tap a state wildfire insurance fund in time for the peak of this year's fire season. For that to happen, two-thirds of the fire survivors who voted on the settlement deal had to approve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 45,000 of the 51,000 fire claimants who voted supported the deal, according to Prime Clerk – the company PG&E hired to manage the process – but approximately 36,000 others either did not vote or had their ballots discarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains unclear is how many of those 36,000 fire survivors were impacted by issues with the voting process – a margin large enough to potentially sway the vote's outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Late Ballots for Hundreds of Fire Survivors\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While PG&E maintains that all voting materials were sent out by April 8, more than 200 fire survivors interviewed by KQED said they didn't receive their packets until May. A substantial portion got their packets less than a week before May 15, the deadline they were due to be received by Prime Clerk to be counted. Some got their ballots after that deadline had passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire survivors were supposed to have six weeks to read through the complex materials, a timeframe agreed on by PG&E and several other parties, including the official committee for fire survivors – and approved by U.S. Judge Dennis Montali, who is presiding over PG&E's bankruptcy trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interviews were conducted with a cross-section of fire victims, holding claims of various sizes from various fires, and expressing a range of opinions on the settlement. Claimants had the option to vote by phone, email or by mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camp Fire survivor Amy Byrd received her packet on May 18 – three days after the deadline. That left her scrambling to figure out how to make her vote count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did it online and tried to find a way to put in a comment letting them know I had just received the ballot, but they would not let me do that,\" Byrd told KQED in a phone interview. In a recent court filing, Prime Clerk included Byrd's name on a list of about 1,000 votes discarded because they arrived after the deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they dropped the ball,\" Byrd said of PG&E, despite her position in support of the settlement deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11822717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots.jpg\" alt=\"Camp Fire survivors Amanda Michaels and Eric Forrester noted the dates they received their voting packets on the PG&E fire settlement from Prime Clerk. Michaels reported she got her mailing on May 14, the day before the deadline to vote. Forrester said he received his on May 17, two days after ballots were due back.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1321\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11822717\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/PGE-late-ballots-1020x702.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camp Fire survivors Amanda Michaels and Eric Forrester noted the dates they received their voting packets on the PG&E fire settlement from Prime Clerk. Michaels reported she got her mailing on May 14, the day before the deadline to vote. Forrester said he received his on May 17, two days after ballots were due back. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Amanda Michaels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tom Hess, another Camp Fire survivor, agreed. He got his voting packet on May 15, the day it was due back to Prime Clerk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just assumed that my vote did count and they would recognize my issue,\" said Hess, who noted the problem on his ballot, which he mailed to Prime Clerk in New York. Like many fire survivors, Hess learned that his vote had been discarded during his interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't have a ton of confidence in the whole system,\" Hess said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Court Weighs Integrity of Voting Process\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The integrity of the voting process has emerged as a central theme in PG&E's bankruptcy confirmation trial, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821101/pges-bankruptcy-trial-opens-with-attacks-on-wildfire-settlement-voting-process\">began last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prime Clerk has documented 10,000 holders of fire claims who were not included in the final voting tally for reasons including late receipt, lack of signature or no vote indicated. Some opponents of the deal are calling for an independent examiner to be appointed to audit the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That request will be the subject of a hearing Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent testimony, Prime Clerk Vice President of Global Corporate Actions Christina Pullo, who supervised the voting process, acknowledged she knew some fire survivors had gotten the mailing days after the vote had ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We received inquiries from people stating that they had just received voting packages,\" Pullo told Camp Fire victim Mary Kim Wallace, who cross-examined her during the trial on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo estimated that \"a handful\" of people had complained. All voting materials were served by first-class mail, but envelopes were not postmarked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can only say we sent out materials,\" Pullo testified. \"I can't speculate as to why they did not receive them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo also stated that Prime Clerk emailed claimants on April 3. Wallace, who received her packet on the day after the deadline, explained that she lives without reliable internet access or cell service, as do other survivors living in the footprint of the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo and Prime Clerk's CEO, Shai Waisman, did not reply to phone calls and emails requesting comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has declined to acknowledge that delays took place despite several inquiries since early May, when KQED first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11815472/as-pge-fire-survivors-near-deadline-to-vote-on-settlement-some-still-dont-have-ballots\">reported\u003c/a> the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We very much want to do right by the people and communities who have suffered so much as a result of wildfires in recent years,\" said PG&E spokesperson Andrew Castagnola in a statement. \"Our Chapter 11 process is intended to get them paid fairly and quickly, and we are in the final stages of being able to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>PG&E needed support from two-thirds of fire claimants who vote. But the company failed to secure enough of a margin of \"Accept\" votes to decisively dismiss questions about the role that mailing delays may have played in the vote's outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pullo wrote in a court filing Tuesday that the outcome was unlikely to change because only one in six claims received late were from opponents of the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jared Ellias, who teaches bankruptcy law at UC Hastings College of the Law, told KQED he's not sure if the result would change if all survivors had received their voting materials on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The goal of the voting process was to bring everybody in, and it seems like they have fallen a little bit short,\" Ellias said. \"People voting in bankruptcy processes are often sophisticated hedge funds, and I think what we're seeing is that we may need a different paradigm when you have large numbers of disaster or tort victims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Camp Fire survivor Theresa McDonald wrote the court to register her support for an examiner of voting irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In explaining why it matters to fire victims, she wrote: \"It is a necessary piece of the puzzle I am trying to put together to understand the entire Camp Fire event. And make no mistake; these proceedings are part of the event.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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