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"content": "\u003cp>PG&E has filed the framework for its exit from bankruptcy protection in a plan that earmarks nearly $18 billion for claims related to recent wildfires caused by the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, which was filed in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in San Francisco on Monday, sets the stage for a fight that pits the embattled utility against wildfire survivors. But PG&E executives said it will steady the company's shaky finances, which prompted it to enter into Chapter 11 in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11772725,news_11763100,news_11767619,news_11760618\" label=\"PG&E's Wildfire and Bankruptcy Struggles\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under the plan we filed today, we will meet our commitment to fairly compensate wildfire victims and we will emerge from Chapter 11 financially sound and able to continue meeting California's clean energy goals,\" PG&E CEO Bill Johnson said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index.page?title=20190909_pge_files_joint_chapter_11_plan_of_reorganization\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson also said the plan will enable the company to deliver on his promise to reorient the company culture toward safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am confident that we can, and will, provide better service to our customers and communities, and our plan of reorganization is another step in this process,\" Johnson said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says its plan will put it on track to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection by June 30 of next year, a deadline it must meet in order to qualify for a new state wildfire fund enacted by the Legislature and Gov. Gavin Newsom this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E's proposal could end up disappointing survivors of wildfires caused by PG&E. It caps payments for wildfire victims at $8.4 billion and $8.5 billion for insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional $1 billion settlement has already been negotiated with municipalities affected, including Paradise. The town of 26,000 and two nearby communities were virtually destroyed by last November's Camp Fire, which left 86 people dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those proposed settlement amounts represent the company's bid in what will likely be a long, tough negotiation that would end with court approval. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing is victims believe they're entitled to much more than PG&E wants to pay them,\" said Michael Wara, director of the Climate and Energy Policy Program at Stanford University. \"Until that difference is worked out, it's hard to see a plan being approved by the court because that will require agreement by victims, their insurance companies, and the management of PG&E.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Danko, a Peninsula lawyer who represents some of the victims of the last two years of fires, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/fires/article234903742.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told the Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that PG&E's proposal was \"woefully inadequate.\" Sacramento attorney Steve Campora, another lawyer for wildfire victims, called the plan \"a joke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re sitting in your home, they burn you up ... and then try to cheat you on the other end,” Campora said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E shares traded as much as 10% higher Monday, rebounding after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772725/last-minute-push-to-pass-pge-tax-free-bond-plan-fails-for-now\">state lawmakers shelved\u003c/a> a bill Friday that would have given PG&E the ability to issue billions of dollars in tax-exempt bonds to help pay victims of 2017 and 2018 wildfires caused by the utility's equipment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That announcement sent PG&E shares plummeting to the lowest level since it announced it would seek bankruptcy protection in January. This weekend, the utility also rebuffed San Francisco's bid to pay $2.5 billion to buy PG&E's grid on its territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any deal PG&E brokers with survivors and insurers would require approval from Judge Dennis Montali, who is overseeing PG&E's bankruptcy case, and the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>PG&E has filed the framework for its exit from bankruptcy protection in a plan that earmarks nearly $18 billion for claims related to recent wildfires caused by the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan, which was filed in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in San Francisco on Monday, sets the stage for a fight that pits the embattled utility against wildfire survivors. But PG&E executives said it will steady the company's shaky finances, which prompted it to enter into Chapter 11 in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under the plan we filed today, we will meet our commitment to fairly compensate wildfire victims and we will emerge from Chapter 11 financially sound and able to continue meeting California's clean energy goals,\" PG&E CEO Bill Johnson said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index.page?title=20190909_pge_files_joint_chapter_11_plan_of_reorganization\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson also said the plan will enable the company to deliver on his promise to reorient the company culture toward safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am confident that we can, and will, provide better service to our customers and communities, and our plan of reorganization is another step in this process,\" Johnson said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says its plan will put it on track to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection by June 30 of next year, a deadline it must meet in order to qualify for a new state wildfire fund enacted by the Legislature and Gov. Gavin Newsom this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E's proposal could end up disappointing survivors of wildfires caused by PG&E. It caps payments for wildfire victims at $8.4 billion and $8.5 billion for insurers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional $1 billion settlement has already been negotiated with municipalities affected, including Paradise. The town of 26,000 and two nearby communities were virtually destroyed by last November's Camp Fire, which left 86 people dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those proposed settlement amounts represent the company's bid in what will likely be a long, tough negotiation that would end with court approval. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing is victims believe they're entitled to much more than PG&E wants to pay them,\" said Michael Wara, director of the Climate and Energy Policy Program at Stanford University. \"Until that difference is worked out, it's hard to see a plan being approved by the court because that will require agreement by victims, their insurance companies, and the management of PG&E.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Danko, a Peninsula lawyer who represents some of the victims of the last two years of fires, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/fires/article234903742.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">told the Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that PG&E's proposal was \"woefully inadequate.\" Sacramento attorney Steve Campora, another lawyer for wildfire victims, called the plan \"a joke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re sitting in your home, they burn you up ... and then try to cheat you on the other end,” Campora said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E shares traded as much as 10% higher Monday, rebounding after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772725/last-minute-push-to-pass-pge-tax-free-bond-plan-fails-for-now\">state lawmakers shelved\u003c/a> a bill Friday that would have given PG&E the ability to issue billions of dollars in tax-exempt bonds to help pay victims of 2017 and 2018 wildfires caused by the utility's equipment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That announcement sent PG&E shares plummeting to the lowest level since it announced it would seek bankruptcy protection in January. This weekend, the utility also rebuffed San Francisco's bid to pay $2.5 billion to buy PG&E's grid on its territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any deal PG&E brokers with survivors and insurers would require approval from Judge Dennis Montali, who is overseeing PG&E's bankruptcy case, and the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in Oakland has reinstated his nationwide halt to a Trump administration policy that effectively eliminates asylum protections for thousands of Central Americans who travel through Mexico each month and seek refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a ruling issued Monday, U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar said blocking the asylum restrictions across the country was the only way to provide “complete relief” to the plaintiffs: four California-based organizations that offer legal aid and other services to asylum-seekers in various states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11761316/trump-administration-implementing-3rd-country-rule-on-migrants-seeking-asylum\">the administration’s rule\u003c/a>, which took effect July 16, immigrants are ineligible for asylum if they crossed another country en route to the U.S. without seeking protections there first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"asylum\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar said the plaintiff groups, which claimed significant costs under the new policy, had already established a “sufficient likelihood of irreparable harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question now before the Court is whether those harms can be addressed by any relief short of nationwide injunction. The answer is that they cannot,” wrote Tigar in his ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar’s decision means migrants arriving anywhere along the southern border will now be eligible to apply for asylum as intended by Congress’ U.S. Refugee Act of 1980, said Michael Smith, who directs the refugee rights program at the East Bay Sanctuary Covenant in Berkeley, a plaintiff organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law says they are eligible to apply no matter how they got here,” said Smith. “So the law is clearly on our side. But this administration is going to fight against asylum on all fronts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House slammed Tigar’s ruling in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration and border security policy cannot be run by any single district court judge who decides to issue a nationwide injunction. This ruling is a gift to human smugglers and traffickers and undermines the rule of law,” read the \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-75/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> from the Press Secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to request the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to review Tigar’s decision. That court had limited a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763296/federal-judge-in-s-f-halts-new-rule-targeting-central-american-asylum-seekers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previous nationwide injunction\u003c/a> Tigar ordered July 24 to temporarily block the so-called “third country rule” while it is challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the appellate judges declined the federal government’s request to dissolve the ban completely, but they restricted it to the nine western states within the appeals court’s jurisdiction, reasoning the judge hadn’t shown enough evidence to support a nationwide halt. That meant the new asylum restrictions were applying to migrants who crossed the border into Texas and New Mexico, but not into California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three judge panel at the appeals court also ruled that Tigar retained jurisdiction to “further develop the record” to support extending the suspension to the rest of the country. That opened the door for plaintiff organizations to ask Tiger to consider additional evidence and restore the nationwide injunction on the third country rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar’s ruling Monday built a fuller case for the injunction. It comes as the Trump administration asked the U.S. Supreme Court last month to intervene and allow it to fully implement the third country rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing last week in Tigar’s courtroom in Oakland, East Bay Sanctuary Covenant, Al Otro Lado, Innovation Law Lab, and Central American Resource Center of Los Angeles said the partial injunction doesn’t make sense because they often represent asylum seekers outside the 9th Circuit’s jurisdiction, or represent people who came to California after entering the country through Texas and New Mexico. The organizations also claimed they’ll bear significant costs and workload from having to operate under a patchwork of asylum restrictions across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Justice Department attorney Scott Stewart argued that additional evidence submitted by plaintiffs failed to show that the third country rule must be halted nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are essentially repackaging arguments they already made,” said Stewart. “We knew their operations were nationwide and the 9th Circuit still deemed the record insufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart also argued that the appellate judges did not grant Tigar the authority to fully block the asylum restrictions once again. But Tigar seemed unconvinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What would be the purpose of developing the record on a nationwide injunction if I didn’t have authority to issue one?” he asked Stewart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Lee Gelernt, ACLU attorney\"]‘The stakes in this case could not be higher. This rule we’re talking about effectively would end asylum at the southern border for everyone except Mexicans who don’t have to transit through a third country.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government officials argue the third country policy is needed to reduce the influx of Central American migrants seeking asylum protections at the southern border, which the administration says has overwhelmed the country’s immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This interim rule will help reduce a major ‘pull’ factor driving irregular migration to the United States,” said Department of Homeland Security Acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan, announcing the third country rule on July 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under American law, people can request asylum when they arrive in the U.S. regardless of how they enter. The law makes an exception for those who have come through a country considered to be “safe,” pursuant to an agreement between the U.S. and that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada and the U.S. have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11761305/this-obscure-treaty-is-the-blueprint-for-trumps-new-asylum-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“safe third country” agreement\u003c/a>. But the U.S. doesn’t have one with Mexico. The Trump administration announced an agreement this summer with Guatemala, but the country’s incoming president \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5651664/guatemala-president-elect-us-migrant-deal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said last month\u003c/a> that Guatemala would not be able to uphold the deal reached by his predecessor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration maintains that “loopholes” in current laws allow migrants to ask for asylum, whether or not they have legitimate claims, and then be released into the U.S. while their cases are decided by an immigration judge, which can take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2017 and 2018, asylum applications increased by nearly 70%, according to government figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of migrants apprehended by U.S. authorities at the southern border are Central American families and children. Many say they are fleeing extreme violence and that their governments fail to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration rule includes exceptions for people who were denied protection claims elsewhere or were victims of human trafficking. But immigrant advocates argue that the policy shatters asylum protections established by Congress four decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stakes in this case could not be higher,” said Lee Gelernt, an ACLU attorney representing the plaintiffs. “This rule we’re talking about effectively would end asylum at the southern border for everyone except Mexicans who don’t have to transit through a third country. So we believe that it’s clearly unlawful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar said the plaintiff groups, which claimed significant costs under the new policy, had already established a “sufficient likelihood of irreparable harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question now before the Court is whether those harms can be addressed by any relief short of nationwide injunction. The answer is that they cannot,” wrote Tigar in his ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar’s decision means migrants arriving anywhere along the southern border will now be eligible to apply for asylum as intended by Congress’ U.S. Refugee Act of 1980, said Michael Smith, who directs the refugee rights program at the East Bay Sanctuary Covenant in Berkeley, a plaintiff organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law says they are eligible to apply no matter how they got here,” said Smith. “So the law is clearly on our side. But this administration is going to fight against asylum on all fronts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House slammed Tigar’s ruling in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration and border security policy cannot be run by any single district court judge who decides to issue a nationwide injunction. This ruling is a gift to human smugglers and traffickers and undermines the rule of law,” read the \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-75/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> from the Press Secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is expected to request the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals to review Tigar’s decision. That court had limited a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763296/federal-judge-in-s-f-halts-new-rule-targeting-central-american-asylum-seekers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previous nationwide injunction\u003c/a> Tigar ordered July 24 to temporarily block the so-called “third country rule” while it is challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the appellate judges declined the federal government’s request to dissolve the ban completely, but they restricted it to the nine western states within the appeals court’s jurisdiction, reasoning the judge hadn’t shown enough evidence to support a nationwide halt. That meant the new asylum restrictions were applying to migrants who crossed the border into Texas and New Mexico, but not into California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three judge panel at the appeals court also ruled that Tigar retained jurisdiction to “further develop the record” to support extending the suspension to the rest of the country. That opened the door for plaintiff organizations to ask Tiger to consider additional evidence and restore the nationwide injunction on the third country rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tigar’s ruling Monday built a fuller case for the injunction. It comes as the Trump administration asked the U.S. Supreme Court last month to intervene and allow it to fully implement the third country rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a hearing last week in Tigar’s courtroom in Oakland, East Bay Sanctuary Covenant, Al Otro Lado, Innovation Law Lab, and Central American Resource Center of Los Angeles said the partial injunction doesn’t make sense because they often represent asylum seekers outside the 9th Circuit’s jurisdiction, or represent people who came to California after entering the country through Texas and New Mexico. The organizations also claimed they’ll bear significant costs and workload from having to operate under a patchwork of asylum restrictions across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Justice Department attorney Scott Stewart argued that additional evidence submitted by plaintiffs failed to show that the third country rule must be halted nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are essentially repackaging arguments they already made,” said Stewart. “We knew their operations were nationwide and the 9th Circuit still deemed the record insufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stewart also argued that the appellate judges did not grant Tigar the authority to fully block the asylum restrictions once again. But Tigar seemed unconvinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What would be the purpose of developing the record on a nationwide injunction if I didn’t have authority to issue one?” he asked Stewart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government officials argue the third country policy is needed to reduce the influx of Central American migrants seeking asylum protections at the southern border, which the administration says has overwhelmed the country’s immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This interim rule will help reduce a major ‘pull’ factor driving irregular migration to the United States,” said Department of Homeland Security Acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan, announcing the third country rule on July 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under American law, people can request asylum when they arrive in the U.S. regardless of how they enter. The law makes an exception for those who have come through a country considered to be “safe,” pursuant to an agreement between the U.S. and that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada and the U.S. have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11761305/this-obscure-treaty-is-the-blueprint-for-trumps-new-asylum-rule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“safe third country” agreement\u003c/a>. But the U.S. doesn’t have one with Mexico. The Trump administration announced an agreement this summer with Guatemala, but the country’s incoming president \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5651664/guatemala-president-elect-us-migrant-deal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said last month\u003c/a> that Guatemala would not be able to uphold the deal reached by his predecessor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration maintains that “loopholes” in current laws allow migrants to ask for asylum, whether or not they have legitimate claims, and then be released into the U.S. while their cases are decided by an immigration judge, which can take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2017 and 2018, asylum applications increased by nearly 70%, according to government figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of migrants apprehended by U.S. authorities at the southern border are Central American families and children. Many say they are fleeing extreme violence and that their governments fail to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration rule includes exceptions for people who were denied protection claims elsewhere or were victims of human trafficking. But immigrant advocates argue that the policy shatters asylum protections established by Congress four decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stakes in this case could not be higher,” said Lee Gelernt, an ACLU attorney representing the plaintiffs. “This rule we’re talking about effectively would end asylum at the southern border for everyone except Mexicans who don’t have to transit through a third country. So we believe that it’s clearly unlawful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal agents were patrolling the Rio Grande in an airboat between Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, in September 2012. They say a group of men in a park on the Mexican side of the river began throwing rocks at them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just remember the boat. They started to shoot and they hit him in the heart, and he fell to the ground,\" says Priscila Arévalo, the daughter of one of the Mexican men. \"We ran away. When we came back, my papa he was already dead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillermo Arévalo lay on the gravel bank beside the sluggish river, bleeding profusely as the Border Patrol airboat roared away. The Arévalo family had been out for a picnic that day, and they insist no one was throwing rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Priscila Arévalo\"]\"The only thing we want is justice. They killed him and we haven't gotten a call. We don't even know the face of the killer. They just fled and that was that.\"[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting death led to changes in the Border Patrol's use-of-force policy and to an investigation of the incident. But seven years later, that probe is still incomplete. And the delay is emblematic of a larger problem when the federal government investigates a death on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernborder.org/deaths_by_border_patrol\">35 fatal shootings by on-duty CBP officers since 2010\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Border Communities Coalition, an immigrant rights group. Most of them involve immigrants killed near the U.S.-Mexico border after they allegedly attacked or threatened agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Border Communities Coalition brings together 60 organizations from California to Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet CBP has announced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-use-force/case-summaries\">results of just eight internal investigations\u003c/a> into these use-of-force incidents. The agency, which had pledged transparency and to publicly release the results of its investigations, found no agent misconduct in each case. The latest completed case is three and a half years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only thing we want is justice,\" says Priscila Arévalo, weeping. She's 16 now and only recently returned to the spot where her father died. \"They killed him and we haven't gotten a call. We don't even know the face of the killer. They just fled and that was that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an investigation drags on for years, justice is suspended. The community is left wondering if the agent was right or wrong to fire his weapon, and whether the agent is still on the force. And victims' families are denied closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2012 river shooting is an extreme example of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is just beyond absurd at this point,\" says Steve Shadowen, the Austin attorney who's representing the Arévalo family in a lawsuit against the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Something has clearly gone off the rails,\" he continues. \"People used to get upset if there's not a result in six months or a year, two years at the outside. And here we are at seven years and not a peep.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Arévalo shooting was one of several rock-throwing cases that led to sweeping reforms inside CBP in 2014. Under updated rules, agents are trained to move out of the way of flying rocks and speeding vehicles, rather than shoot to kill. CBP training now stresses alternatives to deadly force, such as Tasers and pepper-ball launchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, all shootings — both fatal and non-fatal — fell from a high of 55 in 2012 to 15 in 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-use-force\">according to the agency's figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside tag=\"border\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reforms also included the creation of a National Use of Force Review Board, to thoroughly vet shooting incidents and then publish the findings on a timely basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They've made a lot of progress on the suite of reforms,\" says Gil Kerlikowske, commissioner of CBP at the end of the Obama presidency. \"But I think they've let some things go and I think there's certainly more that can be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerlikowske, who was brought in to improve CBP's transparency and accountability, believes the reforms are unfinished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm very concerned about the timeliness of the process. What is the outcome of an investigation into the use of force? Was that use of force justified, and explain it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP counters that if justice is slow, it's because these things take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's an agent-involved shooting, first of all, state and federal prosecutors have to decide whether to file charges. Only then does CBP begin its own lengthy investigation. Those results then have to be approved by the agency's lawyer, the chief of the Border Patrol, and, finally, the commissioner. All of this has to happen before the results can be posted publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have the charge of making sure that that the investigation is done in a purposeful manner, not being rushed,\" says Joseph Westmoreland, a director with CBP's Office of Professional Responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points out there were three interim commissioners in the course of 12 weeks earlier this year, and that slowed things down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recently, the issue is there's been a change in executive leadership within CBP,\" he says. \"So in that transitional phase some of these cases got held up at the commissioner's level in the review process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westmoreland says the agency should be releasing the results of at least six more shooting investigations in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after seven years, the Guillermo Arévalo shooting hasn't even made it to CBP's internal affairs office. It's been sitting on a desk at the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. Prosecutors there still haven't decided whether to bring charges or decline the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR asked a Justice Department spokeswoman, why the lengthy delay? Her response: \"DOJ declines to comment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Chung used to work at DOJ's Civil Rights Division as a prosecutor; he's now at the Center for American Progress. Chung understands these kinds of cases are complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But certainly seven years from the time a particular case comes to the attention of an investigating agency to the time where a decision is made is just way too long,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"border-patrol\" label=\"More on border patrol\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP's opaqueness in following up on agent-involved shootings is troubling, says Vicki Gaubeca, president of the Southern Border Communities Coalition, the group that tracks CBP shootings. Gaubeca believes the agency is dragging its feet. She says the urgency for reform under Obama has transitioned into the Trump era of cheerleading for border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now that he's president of the United States,\" she says, \"then they feel emboldened to basically just do whatever they want to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a pattern to these highly controversial border shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First comes the CBP statement, often followed by community outrage. Then the investigation gets under way. And finally, a deafening silence, as the years roll by and people move on and forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say we shouldn't let that happen. Not with Guillermo Arévalo. And not with the more recent case of Claudia Patricia Gomez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last year, the 20-year-old Guatemalan was shot in the head by a Border Patrol agent on the outskirts of Laredo, Texas, not far from the river she had just crossed illegally. The first CBP press release called the young Maya woman an assailant who was with a group of immigrants wielding \"blunt objects\" and threatening the agent. A second statement corrected that she, in fact, did not wield a weapon, but the group she was with \"rushed\" the officer and ignored orders to get on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents are suing the government for wrongful death. Sixteen months after her death, there's not a word from CBP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look, I don't think every agent is bad. There's only one person who did this,\" says her father, Gilberto Gomez, from his house in the Guatemalan highlands. \"We don't want impunity. We want justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CBP spokesman says their investigation is on hold because the fatal shooting of Claudia Patricia Gomez remains at the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department. Just like the case of Guillermo Arévalo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Investigations+Of+Fatal+Shootings+On+The+Border+Can+Drag+On+For+Years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A seven-year delay in the investigation of a controversial shooting of a Mexican national by a Border Patrol agent is emblematic of a larger problem when federal officials investigate these cases.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal agents were patrolling the Rio Grande in an airboat between Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, in September 2012. They say a group of men in a park on the Mexican side of the river began throwing rocks at them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just remember the boat. They started to shoot and they hit him in the heart, and he fell to the ground,\" says Priscila Arévalo, the daughter of one of the Mexican men. \"We ran away. When we came back, my papa he was already dead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillermo Arévalo lay on the gravel bank beside the sluggish river, bleeding profusely as the Border Patrol airboat roared away. The Arévalo family had been out for a picnic that day, and they insist no one was throwing rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting death led to changes in the Border Patrol's use-of-force policy and to an investigation of the incident. But seven years later, that probe is still incomplete. And the delay is emblematic of a larger problem when the federal government investigates a death on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernborder.org/deaths_by_border_patrol\">35 fatal shootings by on-duty CBP officers since 2010\u003c/a>, according to the Southern Border Communities Coalition, an immigrant rights group. Most of them involve immigrants killed near the U.S.-Mexico border after they allegedly attacked or threatened agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern Border Communities Coalition brings together 60 organizations from California to Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet CBP has announced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-use-force/case-summaries\">results of just eight internal investigations\u003c/a> into these use-of-force incidents. The agency, which had pledged transparency and to publicly release the results of its investigations, found no agent misconduct in each case. The latest completed case is three and a half years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only thing we want is justice,\" says Priscila Arévalo, weeping. She's 16 now and only recently returned to the spot where her father died. \"They killed him and we haven't gotten a call. We don't even know the face of the killer. They just fled and that was that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an investigation drags on for years, justice is suspended. The community is left wondering if the agent was right or wrong to fire his weapon, and whether the agent is still on the force. And victims' families are denied closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2012 river shooting is an extreme example of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is just beyond absurd at this point,\" says Steve Shadowen, the Austin attorney who's representing the Arévalo family in a lawsuit against the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Something has clearly gone off the rails,\" he continues. \"People used to get upset if there's not a result in six months or a year, two years at the outside. And here we are at seven years and not a peep.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Arévalo shooting was one of several rock-throwing cases that led to sweeping reforms inside CBP in 2014. Under updated rules, agents are trained to move out of the way of flying rocks and speeding vehicles, rather than shoot to kill. CBP training now stresses alternatives to deadly force, such as Tasers and pepper-ball launchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, all shootings — both fatal and non-fatal — fell from a high of 55 in 2012 to 15 in 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-use-force\">according to the agency's figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reforms also included the creation of a National Use of Force Review Board, to thoroughly vet shooting incidents and then publish the findings on a timely basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They've made a lot of progress on the suite of reforms,\" says Gil Kerlikowske, commissioner of CBP at the end of the Obama presidency. \"But I think they've let some things go and I think there's certainly more that can be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerlikowske, who was brought in to improve CBP's transparency and accountability, believes the reforms are unfinished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm very concerned about the timeliness of the process. What is the outcome of an investigation into the use of force? Was that use of force justified, and explain it,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP counters that if justice is slow, it's because these things take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's an agent-involved shooting, first of all, state and federal prosecutors have to decide whether to file charges. Only then does CBP begin its own lengthy investigation. Those results then have to be approved by the agency's lawyer, the chief of the Border Patrol, and, finally, the commissioner. All of this has to happen before the results can be posted publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have the charge of making sure that that the investigation is done in a purposeful manner, not being rushed,\" says Joseph Westmoreland, a director with CBP's Office of Professional Responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points out there were three interim commissioners in the course of 12 weeks earlier this year, and that slowed things down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recently, the issue is there's been a change in executive leadership within CBP,\" he says. \"So in that transitional phase some of these cases got held up at the commissioner's level in the review process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westmoreland says the agency should be releasing the results of at least six more shooting investigations in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after seven years, the Guillermo Arévalo shooting hasn't even made it to CBP's internal affairs office. It's been sitting on a desk at the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. Prosecutors there still haven't decided whether to bring charges or decline the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR asked a Justice Department spokeswoman, why the lengthy delay? Her response: \"DOJ declines to comment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Chung used to work at DOJ's Civil Rights Division as a prosecutor; he's now at the Center for American Progress. Chung understands these kinds of cases are complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But certainly seven years from the time a particular case comes to the attention of an investigating agency to the time where a decision is made is just way too long,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP's opaqueness in following up on agent-involved shootings is troubling, says Vicki Gaubeca, president of the Southern Border Communities Coalition, the group that tracks CBP shootings. Gaubeca believes the agency is dragging its feet. She says the urgency for reform under Obama has transitioned into the Trump era of cheerleading for border security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now that he's president of the United States,\" she says, \"then they feel emboldened to basically just do whatever they want to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a pattern to these highly controversial border shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First comes the CBP statement, often followed by community outrage. Then the investigation gets under way. And finally, a deafening silence, as the years roll by and people move on and forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say we shouldn't let that happen. Not with Guillermo Arévalo. And not with the more recent case of Claudia Patricia Gomez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last year, the 20-year-old Guatemalan was shot in the head by a Border Patrol agent on the outskirts of Laredo, Texas, not far from the river she had just crossed illegally. The first CBP press release called the young Maya woman an assailant who was with a group of immigrants wielding \"blunt objects\" and threatening the agent. A second statement corrected that she, in fact, did not wield a weapon, but the group she was with \"rushed\" the officer and ignored orders to get on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents are suing the government for wrongful death. Sixteen months after her death, there's not a word from CBP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look, I don't think every agent is bad. There's only one person who did this,\" says her father, Gilberto Gomez, from his house in the Guatemalan highlands. \"We don't want impunity. We want justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CBP spokesman says their investigation is on hold because the fatal shooting of Claudia Patricia Gomez remains at the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department. Just like the case of Guillermo Arévalo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Investigations+Of+Fatal+Shootings+On+The+Border+Can+Drag+On+For+Years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The author of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772219/vaccine-bill-passes-legislature-unclear-if-newsom-will-sign\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hot-button state bill\u003c/a> limiting medical exemptions for vaccinations on Friday accepted Gov. Gavin Newsom’s last-minute demand for additional changes, setting up a final series of votes before lawmakers adjourn for the year next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state Sen. Richard Pan of Sacramento amended a companion bill to reflect the governor’s wishes, days after lawmakers sent Newsom a bill cracking down on doctors who sell fraudulent medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said in a statement he appreciates Newsom’s commitment to sign the bill and the amendments, which he says will “ensure we maintain the community immunity needed to protect our kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments would give school children grace periods that could last several years on existing medical exemptions. For instance, a kindergartener with an exemption could retain it through 6th grade, while a 7th grader could be exempted through high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11743713\" label=\"History of Anti-Vax\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is similar to the phase-out period allowed when California eliminated personal belief vaccine exemptions in 2015, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another new provision could revoke any medical exemptions written by Robert Sears, a Southern California doctor who has been disciplined by the Medical Board of California for writing an improper vaccine exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The provision would apply to exemptions written by any doctor who has faced disciplinary action, but at this time Sears is the only California doctor to be disciplined regarding vaccine exemptions, said Carlos Villatoro, a medical board spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sears told The Los Angeles Times it would result in hundreds of his patients losing their exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This seems like a broad overreach from a government that is supposed to protect its medically fragile children,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other changes would make it clear that enforcement will start next year, meaning doctors who previously granted a high number of medical exemptions won’t face scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also would remove a requirement that doctors swear under penalty of perjury that they are not charging fees to fill out medical exemption forms. And one change would ensure that an expert panel reviewing appeals of exemption denials could consider additional information from the doctor beyond the exemption form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom spokesman Nathan Click said the governor would sign the bill once the new amendments have also won legislative approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These amendments clarify legal and administrative processes in SB276 in order to ensure medical providers, parents, school administrators and public health officials know the rules of the road once it takes effect,” Click said in a statement, referencing the bill number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s 11th-hour demands had roiled the Legislature and frustrated the bill’s supporters, all of whom were caught by surprise when he announced them in a tweet this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAgovernor/status/1169027421930184705\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It prompted several newspapers across California to editorially question the freshman governor’s commitment to limiting vaccine exemptions during a year of record measles outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins, a fellow Democrat from San Diego, said both chambers plan to vote on the companion bill on Monday, with the understanding that Newsom would then sign the original measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"childhood-vaccinations\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signing the bill would also counter opponents who have threatened and harassed Pan and other lawmakers over the pending legislation, she said: “It is important that we send the message that loud and violent will not drown out reason and science in how we govern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last-minute amendments are unlikely to mollify opponents who have swarmed the Capitol and had hoped Newsom might veto the bill, given his insistence on significant changes in June and again this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the compromise pleased the bill’s supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Academy of Pediatrics, California, chief executive Kris Calvin and Vaccinate California executive director Leah Russin both praised Newsom and Pan for working out their differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russin called the agreement “a victory for science over fear and for sound public health policy over conspiracy and misinformation,” while also urging Newsom to immediately sign the bill already on his desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calvin said her group supports the amendments if it means both bills become law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are perfectly satisfied that this bill will satisfy its objective of making sure that bogus medical exemptions are uncovered … while protecting valid medical exemptions,” Calvin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is similar to the phase-out period allowed when California eliminated personal belief vaccine exemptions in 2015, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another new provision could revoke any medical exemptions written by Robert Sears, a Southern California doctor who has been disciplined by the Medical Board of California for writing an improper vaccine exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The provision would apply to exemptions written by any doctor who has faced disciplinary action, but at this time Sears is the only California doctor to be disciplined regarding vaccine exemptions, said Carlos Villatoro, a medical board spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sears told The Los Angeles Times it would result in hundreds of his patients losing their exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This seems like a broad overreach from a government that is supposed to protect its medically fragile children,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other changes would make it clear that enforcement will start next year, meaning doctors who previously granted a high number of medical exemptions won’t face scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also would remove a requirement that doctors swear under penalty of perjury that they are not charging fees to fill out medical exemption forms. And one change would ensure that an expert panel reviewing appeals of exemption denials could consider additional information from the doctor beyond the exemption form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom spokesman Nathan Click said the governor would sign the bill once the new amendments have also won legislative approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These amendments clarify legal and administrative processes in SB276 in order to ensure medical providers, parents, school administrators and public health officials know the rules of the road once it takes effect,” Click said in a statement, referencing the bill number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s 11th-hour demands had roiled the Legislature and frustrated the bill’s supporters, all of whom were caught by surprise when he announced them in a tweet this week.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>It prompted several newspapers across California to editorially question the freshman governor’s commitment to limiting vaccine exemptions during a year of record measles outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins, a fellow Democrat from San Diego, said both chambers plan to vote on the companion bill on Monday, with the understanding that Newsom would then sign the original measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police shootings of Black and Latino men have sparked protest here in California, and across the nation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11771001,news_11769266,news_11768675,news_11768008 label='Read the Full Series']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar Grant. Michael Brown. Eric Garner. Freddie Gray. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On today’s California Report Magazine, we visit a California suburb grappling with officer-involved shootings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo is a diverse East Bay city of about 120,000 people, on the waterfront in Solano County. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Vallejo police officers shot a young black man 55 times after he was found unconscious in his car. Another was killed last year after an officer tried to stop him for riding a bike without a safety light. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members are asking for accountability, and demanding answers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re devoting our whole show to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/vallejo-police-shootings/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">reporting from KQED’s Ericka Cruz Guevarra\u003c/a>, a producer with the podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">The Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oscar Grant. Michael Brown. Eric Garner. Freddie Gray. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On today’s California Report Magazine, we visit a California suburb grappling with officer-involved shootings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo is a diverse East Bay city of about 120,000 people, on the waterfront in Solano County. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Vallejo police officers shot a young black man 55 times after he was found unconscious in his car. Another was killed last year after an officer tried to stop him for riding a bike without a safety light. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members are asking for accountability, and demanding answers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re devoting our whole show to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/vallejo-police-shootings/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">reporting from KQED’s Ericka Cruz Guevarra\u003c/a>, a producer with the podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">The Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>State lawmakers are shelving a bill that would have given PG&E the ability to issue billions of dollars in tax-exempt bonds, money the company said it would use to pay victims of the 2017 and 2018 wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11767118,news_11769525,news_11767619,news_11764894\" label=\"What You Need to Know About PG&E\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news that lawmakers will not take up the bill before their legislative session ends next week sent PG&E shares plummeting to their lowest level since the company declared its intent to enter into bankruptcy protection in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB235\">AB 235\u003c/a> was one of a menu of options that PG&E is pushing as a way to maintain control of the company as a fight plays out in bankruptcy court and in Sacramento between warring investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Bill Johnson \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771272/pge-socal-edison-and-sdge-push-to-boost-shareholder-profit\">met with lawmakers in Sacramento\u003c/a> late last month to personally lobby for the measure, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.turn.org/press-release/turn-opposes-mayes-pge-bailout-bill/\">critics howled\u003c/a> would have protected shareholders at the expense of ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Chad Mayes (R-Yucca Valley), the bill’s sponsor, announced on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/chadmayes/status/1170000563905294336?s=21\">Twitter\u003c/a> Friday morning that with the end of the legislative session approaching next week, there wasn't \"sufficient time left for proper debate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he vowed to revisit the legislation in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chadmayes/status/1170000563905294336?s=21\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wildfire Survivors Disagree About Plan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The controversial bill, however, has created a rift among wildfire survivors, who disagreed about whether the bonds were a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers representing some wildfire survivors met with PG&E officials Friday to hammer out the framework for a settlement that would resolve their claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We told PG&E ‘no one trusts you’ and that they needed to have an agreement for victims. We were prepared to negotiate,” said Patrick McCallum, a lobbyist and 2017 Tubbs Fire survivor who heads the group Up From The Ashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCallum said he had been prepared to consider throwing the group’s support behind PG&E’s effort to issue tax-exempt bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" citation=\"Will Abrams, Tubbs Fire survivor\"]'Wildfire survivors have been used amongst a lot of stakeholders to try to get short-term dollars.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other wildfire survivors said any such deal would be a devil’s bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire survivors have been used amongst a lot of stakeholders to try to get short-term dollars,” said Will Abrams, who also lost his home in the Tubbs Fire but said he feared the proposal won’t solve PG&E’s underlying safety issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I, for one, feel uncomfortable taking dollars today at the expense of safety and security for my kids and my communities and the future wildfire survivors who will be left in a worse state,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Abrams and McCallum expressed concern about PG&E’s decision to earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/10006180-181/pge-fights-judges-order-clearing\">appeal a decision\u003c/a> by bankruptcy judge Dennis Montali, which is allowing victims of the Tubbs Fire — which CalFire determined was not caused by PG&E — to pursue lawsuits against the company outside of bankruptcy court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PG&E told KQED Friday that AB 235 would have ensured that wildfire victims were paid quickly and at shareholders' expense, without increasing customers’ bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pleased to see policymakers acknowledge the merits of this proposal and look forward to lawmakers considering it in January as a balanced approach that prioritizes and protects both wildfire victims and customers,” PG&E spokesman James Noonan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wall Street vs. Wall Street\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Monday, PG&E is expected to file its proposal for how to restructure the company by next year — a requirement to exit bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But shareholders and debt holders are jockeying for control of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company and other proponents of AB 235 said that bill, if passed and signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom this year, would have allowed PG&E to exit bankruptcy with the cost shouldered by shareholders, not ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jared Ellias, who teaches bankruptcy law at UC Hastings, called that claim simplistic, saying shareholders, ratepayers and taxpayers would all bear the risk if PG&E left Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with new debt. He raised the prospect that could increase the odds that PG&E enters into bankruptcy protection again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditionally, companies tend to use bankruptcy law to discharge debt and to come out of bankruptcy with a lot of flexibility to deal with what the future has to hold. If you look at how PG&E is planning to use bankruptcy law, they're not doing very much of that,” Ellias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, bondholders — who hold the company's debt — are looking for $20 billion in cash and debt financing for a deal that would pay fire claims while allowing them to wipe out shareholders’ equity, and leave them with the vast majority of PG&E shares. The bondholders group is being led by New York-based Elliott Management, which did not return KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news that lawmakers will not take up the bill before their legislative session ends next week sent PG&E shares plummeting to their lowest level since the company declared its intent to enter into bankruptcy protection in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB235\">AB 235\u003c/a> was one of a menu of options that PG&E is pushing as a way to maintain control of the company as a fight plays out in bankruptcy court and in Sacramento between warring investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Bill Johnson \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771272/pge-socal-edison-and-sdge-push-to-boost-shareholder-profit\">met with lawmakers in Sacramento\u003c/a> late last month to personally lobby for the measure, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.turn.org/press-release/turn-opposes-mayes-pge-bailout-bill/\">critics howled\u003c/a> would have protected shareholders at the expense of ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Chad Mayes (R-Yucca Valley), the bill’s sponsor, announced on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/chadmayes/status/1170000563905294336?s=21\">Twitter\u003c/a> Friday morning that with the end of the legislative session approaching next week, there wasn't \"sufficient time left for proper debate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he vowed to revisit the legislation in January.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other wildfire survivors said any such deal would be a devil’s bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wildfire survivors have been used amongst a lot of stakeholders to try to get short-term dollars,” said Will Abrams, who also lost his home in the Tubbs Fire but said he feared the proposal won’t solve PG&E’s underlying safety issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I, for one, feel uncomfortable taking dollars today at the expense of safety and security for my kids and my communities and the future wildfire survivors who will be left in a worse state,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Abrams and McCallum expressed concern about PG&E’s decision to earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/10006180-181/pge-fights-judges-order-clearing\">appeal a decision\u003c/a> by bankruptcy judge Dennis Montali, which is allowing victims of the Tubbs Fire — which CalFire determined was not caused by PG&E — to pursue lawsuits against the company outside of bankruptcy court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PG&E told KQED Friday that AB 235 would have ensured that wildfire victims were paid quickly and at shareholders' expense, without increasing customers’ bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pleased to see policymakers acknowledge the merits of this proposal and look forward to lawmakers considering it in January as a balanced approach that prioritizes and protects both wildfire victims and customers,” PG&E spokesman James Noonan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Wall Street vs. Wall Street\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On Monday, PG&E is expected to file its proposal for how to restructure the company by next year — a requirement to exit bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But shareholders and debt holders are jockeying for control of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company and other proponents of AB 235 said that bill, if passed and signed by Gov. Gavin Newsom this year, would have allowed PG&E to exit bankruptcy with the cost shouldered by shareholders, not ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jared Ellias, who teaches bankruptcy law at UC Hastings, called that claim simplistic, saying shareholders, ratepayers and taxpayers would all bear the risk if PG&E left Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with new debt. He raised the prospect that could increase the odds that PG&E enters into bankruptcy protection again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traditionally, companies tend to use bankruptcy law to discharge debt and to come out of bankruptcy with a lot of flexibility to deal with what the future has to hold. If you look at how PG&E is planning to use bankruptcy law, they're not doing very much of that,” Ellias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, bondholders — who hold the company's debt — are looking for $20 billion in cash and debt financing for a deal that would pay fire claims while allowing them to wipe out shareholders’ equity, and leave them with the vast majority of PG&E shares. The bondholders group is being led by New York-based Elliott Management, which did not return KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Ghost Ship Verdict: One Acquittal, One Mistrial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yesterday, a jury handed down a mixed verdict in a months-long trial over the Ghost Ship warehouse fire in Oakland in December 2016 that claimed 36 lives. The jury acquitted defendant Max Harris on all charges but couldn’t reach a decision over Derick Almena, the master tenant who was accused of illegally converting the building into a living space and violating multiple fire codes. Alameda County Superior Court Judge Trina Thompson declared a mistrial for Almena. He and Harris each faced 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter and up to 39 years in prison if convicted. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Don Clyde or another KQED reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hadar Aviram, professor, UC Hastings College of the Law \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>U.S. Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Pleasanton)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next Thursday, 10 Democratic presidential candidates will face off for a debate in Houston. As Joe Biden maintains his lead, concerns are growing among some in the party that time might be running out for one of the more progressive and youthful candidates to challenge the status quo. In June, 38-year-old East Bay congressman Eric Swalwell confronted Biden on the debate stage, exhorting him to “pass the torch” to a younger generation. Although he ended his presidential bid in July, Swalwell made fighting gun violence a defining feature of his campaign and recently praised the giant retailer Walmart for its decision to end the sale of ammunition for handguns and assault weapons following a deadly shooting rampage in Texas on Saturday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Pleasanton) \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>Warriors’ New Arena Opens\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This Friday, the Golden State Warriors’ new state-of-the-art arena opens in San Francisco. The $1.4 billion Chase Center is the first privately financed modern sports arena, owned and operated by the Warriors. But it’s more than just a place to watch basketball games. Chase Center aims to turbo-charge development in the Mission Bay neighborhood with retail space for new restaurants, office towers and a music venue for legendary acts such as Elton John, Janet Jackson and Metallica, who perform with the San Francisco Symphony on opening night. But just blocks away from the million-dollar suites and craft beers for sale are homeless encampments, a stark reminder of the Bay Area’s growing income inequality. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rick Welts, president and chief operating officer, Golden State Warriors\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Ghost Ship Verdict: One Acquittal, One Mistrial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yesterday, a jury handed down a mixed verdict in a months-long trial over the Ghost Ship warehouse fire in Oakland in December 2016 that claimed 36 lives. The jury acquitted defendant Max Harris on all charges but couldn’t reach a decision over Derick Almena, the master tenant who was accused of illegally converting the building into a living space and violating multiple fire codes. Alameda County Superior Court Judge Trina Thompson declared a mistrial for Almena. He and Harris each faced 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter and up to 39 years in prison if convicted. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Don Clyde or another KQED reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hadar Aviram, professor, UC Hastings College of the Law \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>U.S. Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Pleasanton)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next Thursday, 10 Democratic presidential candidates will face off for a debate in Houston. As Joe Biden maintains his lead, concerns are growing among some in the party that time might be running out for one of the more progressive and youthful candidates to challenge the status quo. In June, 38-year-old East Bay congressman Eric Swalwell confronted Biden on the debate stage, exhorting him to “pass the torch” to a younger generation. Although he ended his presidential bid in July, Swalwell made fighting gun violence a defining feature of his campaign and recently praised the giant retailer Walmart for its decision to end the sale of ammunition for handguns and assault weapons following a deadly shooting rampage in Texas on Saturday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Rep. Eric Swalwell (D-Pleasanton) \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>Warriors’ New Arena Opens\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This Friday, the Golden State Warriors’ new state-of-the-art arena opens in San Francisco. The $1.4 billion Chase Center is the first privately financed modern sports arena, owned and operated by the Warriors. But it’s more than just a place to watch basketball games. Chase Center aims to turbo-charge development in the Mission Bay neighborhood with retail space for new restaurants, office towers and a music venue for legendary acts such as Elton John, Janet Jackson and Metallica, who perform with the San Francisco Symphony on opening night. But just blocks away from the million-dollar suites and craft beers for sale are homeless encampments, a stark reminder of the Bay Area’s growing income inequality. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The criminal trial of Derick Almena and Max Harris, each charged with 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter in the 2016 Oakland Ghost Ship warehouse fire, ended in a mixed decision on Thursday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict for Almena, the Ghost Ship's master tenant, with 10 jurors finding him guilty and two jurors finding him not guilty. A hearing on a possible retrial for Almena is scheduled for Oct. 4, according to the Alameda County District Attorney's Office and Almena's defense attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris, who has been described as the Ghost Ship's creative director and second-in-command, was acquitted of all charges. Harris was released from Santa Rita Jail Thursday night, according to the Alameda County Sheriff's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"The Ghost Ship Decision\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11764634/ghost-ship-verdict-kqed-invites-you-to-share-your-reactions,KQED Invites You to Share Your Reactions\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37750__DSC1024-qut-1038x576.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the deadlock and acquittal came after more than five months of arguments, examination, cross-examination, dismissed jurors and one restart to deliberations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've always felt that Max was innocent, we've always felt that it was a clear case. ... It's scary to have an innocent client that's been in jail for two years,\" said Curtis Briggs, lead attorney for Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm relieved, but my thoughts are with the families right now. I don't want to lose sight, and Max Harris doesn't want to lose sight of the fact that the families are suffering, families who have suffered a great loss. Regardless of our opinions on the case, we acknowledge that it's very difficult.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referencing the outcome for Almena, Briggs added, \"Until they put the owners of the warehouse on trial, they will continue to get a mistrial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Serra, who represents Almena, said the mistrial today was not a victory for his client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jersiegel/status/1169730003296088066\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm pained. I'm anguished. I'm frustrated, but God damn it, we will win next time,\" referring to a possible retrial for Almena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra said Almena turned to him following the verdict and asked if Harris could be a defense witness in a future retrial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The families are disappointed in the verdicts today, the results of today,\" said Mary Alexander, lead attorney for families of Ghost Ship fire victims in an upcoming, separate civil case. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We look forward to proving the case against the city of Oakland. The city knew, the police knew, the firemen knew that this place had people in it, that they were using it like a cabaret.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jersiegel/status/1169751027035209728\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AnnikaSCline/status/1169754718639284225\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a courthouse press conference, Alameda County Chief Assistant District Attorney Kevin Dunleavy said his office remains focused on victims' families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since the beginning of this case, our hearts have been with the families of the 36 victims that died in this unspeakable tragedy,\" he said. \"That still remains our focus, and that will be our focus going forward. The verdict is in against Max Harris. We are going to evaluate our prosecution as it relates to Derick Almena.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several relatives of victims of the 2016 fire expressed shock at the decisions of the jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Vega, who lost her 22-year-old son Alex in the fire, said both Harris and Almena should have been found guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody's guilty. I lost my son cause of this. And this is what happens? I am not happy about this,\" Vega said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, District Attorney Nancy O’Malley expressed disappointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While I am disappointed in today’s outcome, I must respect the thoroughness and thoughtfulness of each juror in this matter, as well as the outcome of their deliberations,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"Firefighters work outside the Ghost Ship warehouse on the morning of Dec. 3, 2016 in Oakland, the day after a fire there claimed the lives of 36 people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11767676\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-1200x810.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters work outside the Ghost Ship warehouse on the morning of Dec. 3, 2016 in Oakland, the day after a fire there claimed the lives of 36 people. \u003ccite>(Elijah Nouvelage/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Ghost Ship Criminal Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The East Oakland warehouse known as the Ghost Ship caught fire just after 11 p.m. on Dec. 2, 2016, the night of an electronic music party, killing 35 concertgoers and one tenant. Fire investigators never determined the cause of the conflagration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution had argued that the actions of Almena and Harris amounted to criminal negligence. They argued the warehouse was illegally converted into an unsafe living space with complete disregard for safety, violating nine fire codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Deputy District Attorney Autrey James \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743815/prosecutor-says-ghost-ship-victims-had-no-notice-no-time-and-no-exits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">argued\u003c/a> that the victims didn't have enough notice, time or the ability to exit, due to a lack of sprinklers, alarms and adequate exit signage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='ghost-ship-trial' label='Complete Coverage of the Ghost Ship Trial']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763874/ghost-ship-victims-had-no-notice-and-no-exits-prosecutors-repeat-in-closing-arguments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also argued\u003c/a> that Almena almost immediately violated the terms of the lease he signed in November 2013 by allowing people to live there. The prosecution said major alterations to the Ghost Ship were made without the required building permits and that events were held in the building without clearance from the city of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almena testified that he didn't get any permits for any of the work done in the warehouse and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760153/ghost-ship-trial-defendant-testifies-he-believed-dwellings-could-be-built-in-warehouse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said he thought contractors would get them\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almena also testified that landlord Eva Ng — daughter of warehouse owner Chor Ng — had asked him to get permits but that he had declined, and that \"early on\" in the immediate months after signing the lease \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760427/ghost-ship-defendant-says-he-wont-blame-anybody-for-deadly-warehouse-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he had asked the Ngs to obtain the proper permits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors described the interior of the building as a maze stuffed from floor to ceiling with highly flammable materials, including wood, tapestries, statues, furniture and other improvised building components, such as pianos and windows used to delineate hallways and living spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution also argued Harris acted as a kind of second-in-command, collecting rents, issuing eviction notices and helping to organize events like the one on Dec. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During closing arguments, defense attorneys pointed to testimony by many former tenants and visitors who said they felt the Ghost Ship was safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defense also argued that personnel from several agencies, including Oakland's police and fire departments, as well as Child Protective Services, had passed through the warehouse dozens of times in the years leading up to the fire and had never flagged the building, never red-tagged it or issued any eviction notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Curtis Briggs, who represents Harris, and Tony Serra, who represents Almena, also argued that testimony by at least seven witnesses pointed to arson as the cause of the deadly conflagration and that Almena and Harris couldn't have done anything to prevent it. James said in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11764513/ghost-ship-trial-handed-to-jury-victims-families-await-verdict\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuttal to the defense's closing arguments\u003c/a> that there was no evidence of arson and called testimony by a key witness \"unbelievable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briggs also said Harris' duties at the warehouse were janitorial and not managerial. Harris testified he had only \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11755274/co-defendant-max-harris-tells-jury-there-was-no-sort-of-authority-figure-at-ghost-ship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">used terms like creative or executive director ironically, and said the Ghost Ship was a nonhierarchical collective\u003c/a>. Briggs argued that his client did not have any role in signing the lease and had not even lived in the warehouse when major modifications to the building were made, including the installation of a set of stairs and a side fire exit, both of which Almena neglected to get permits for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defense also said in closing arguments that their clients were scapegoats for the city of Oakland, which Serra says failed to enforce its own building and safety regulations. The city is one of several defendants in a civil lawsuit arising from the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Events Leading Up to the Criminal Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Almena and Harris \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11495325/two-reportedly-charged-with-manslaughter-in-oaklands-ghost-ship-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were arrested on June 5, 2017\u003c/a>, and each charged with 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside link1='https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/oakland-warehouse-memorial,Honoring Those Lost to the Ghost Ship Fire' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/12/ARTS_OAKLANDFIRE_featured_image-nologo.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678966/men-plead-no-contest-in-deadly-ghost-ship-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Both pleaded no contest\u003c/a> to the charges on July 3, 2018, in Alameda County Superior Court, with Almena agreeing to a nine-year jail sentence with four years of supervised release. Harris agreed to a six-year jail sentence with four years of supervised release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Aug. 10, 2018, Alameda County Superior Court Judge James Cramer \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686316/judge-rejects-plea-deals-in-deadly-oakland-warehouse-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rejected the pleas\u003c/a>, a decision that put the case on the path to this year's trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In explaining his decision, Cramer said Almena didn't acknowledge responsibility or show remorse for the fatal blaze. He pointed to a 30-page letter to probation officers in which the judge said Almena cast himself as a \"victim and a witness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cramer said the plea deal would have been fair for Harris, but in rejecting it for one defendant, he was bound by the law to reject it for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge's decision also came a day after more than two dozen mothers, brothers, friends and other family members of the 36 victims \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686120/loved-ones-of-the-ghost-ships-dead-decry-plea-deal-brokered-in-their-name\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told stories of their dead loved ones and criticized the plea deal\u003c/a> reportedly struck to spare them the pain of a criminal trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Cramer rejected the deal, Almena said, \"If I could give each one of you my life, if I could give you my children's lives, I would.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Autrey James told the judge after Almena's statement that the victims' families were offended by many of the things he had said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Civil Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Victims' families have alleged in lawsuits that several Oakland city agencies failed in their duty to inspect the Ghost Ship warehouse building or follow up on complaints about the premises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits also claim PG&E failed to properly monitor, inspect and repair electrical equipment that provided power to the building. Warehouse owner Chor Ng is also a defendant in the civil case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Alexander, the lead counsel in the civil case, said on July 15 that the trial is scheduled to begin next May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporters Jeremy Siegel and Annika Cline contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A jury on Thursday was unable to reach a verdict for Ghost Ship master tenant Derick Almena. Almena and co-defendant Max Harris were each charged with 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter in Oakland's deadly 2016 warehouse fire. Harris was acquitted of all charges.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The criminal trial of Derick Almena and Max Harris, each charged with 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter in the 2016 Oakland Ghost Ship warehouse fire, ended in a mixed decision on Thursday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict for Almena, the Ghost Ship's master tenant, with 10 jurors finding him guilty and two jurors finding him not guilty. A hearing on a possible retrial for Almena is scheduled for Oct. 4, according to the Alameda County District Attorney's Office and Almena's defense attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris, who has been described as the Ghost Ship's creative director and second-in-command, was acquitted of all charges. Harris was released from Santa Rita Jail Thursday night, according to the Alameda County Sheriff's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the deadlock and acquittal came after more than five months of arguments, examination, cross-examination, dismissed jurors and one restart to deliberations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've always felt that Max was innocent, we've always felt that it was a clear case. ... It's scary to have an innocent client that's been in jail for two years,\" said Curtis Briggs, lead attorney for Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm relieved, but my thoughts are with the families right now. I don't want to lose sight, and Max Harris doesn't want to lose sight of the fact that the families are suffering, families who have suffered a great loss. Regardless of our opinions on the case, we acknowledge that it's very difficult.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Referencing the outcome for Almena, Briggs added, \"Until they put the owners of the warehouse on trial, they will continue to get a mistrial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony Serra, who represents Almena, said the mistrial today was not a victory for his client.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"I'm pained. I'm anguished. I'm frustrated, but God damn it, we will win next time,\" referring to a possible retrial for Almena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra said Almena turned to him following the verdict and asked if Harris could be a defense witness in a future retrial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The families are disappointed in the verdicts today, the results of today,\" said Mary Alexander, lead attorney for families of Ghost Ship fire victims in an upcoming, separate civil case. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We look forward to proving the case against the city of Oakland. The city knew, the police knew, the firemen knew that this place had people in it, that they were using it like a cabaret.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>At a courthouse press conference, Alameda County Chief Assistant District Attorney Kevin Dunleavy said his office remains focused on victims' families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since the beginning of this case, our hearts have been with the families of the 36 victims that died in this unspeakable tragedy,\" he said. \"That still remains our focus, and that will be our focus going forward. The verdict is in against Max Harris. We are going to evaluate our prosecution as it relates to Derick Almena.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several relatives of victims of the 2016 fire expressed shock at the decisions of the jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Vega, who lost her 22-year-old son Alex in the fire, said both Harris and Almena should have been found guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody's guilty. I lost my son cause of this. And this is what happens? I am not happy about this,\" Vega said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, District Attorney Nancy O’Malley expressed disappointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While I am disappointed in today’s outcome, I must respect the thoroughness and thoughtfulness of each juror in this matter, as well as the outcome of their deliberations,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11767676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"Firefighters work outside the Ghost Ship warehouse on the morning of Dec. 3, 2016 in Oakland, the day after a fire there claimed the lives of 36 people.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11767676\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters-1200x810.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Ghost-Ship-Firefighters.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters work outside the Ghost Ship warehouse on the morning of Dec. 3, 2016 in Oakland, the day after a fire there claimed the lives of 36 people. \u003ccite>(Elijah Nouvelage/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Ghost Ship Criminal Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The East Oakland warehouse known as the Ghost Ship caught fire just after 11 p.m. on Dec. 2, 2016, the night of an electronic music party, killing 35 concertgoers and one tenant. Fire investigators never determined the cause of the conflagration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution had argued that the actions of Almena and Harris amounted to criminal negligence. They argued the warehouse was illegally converted into an unsafe living space with complete disregard for safety, violating nine fire codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Deputy District Attorney Autrey James \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11743815/prosecutor-says-ghost-ship-victims-had-no-notice-no-time-and-no-exits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">argued\u003c/a> that the victims didn't have enough notice, time or the ability to exit, due to a lack of sprinklers, alarms and adequate exit signage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763874/ghost-ship-victims-had-no-notice-and-no-exits-prosecutors-repeat-in-closing-arguments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also argued\u003c/a> that Almena almost immediately violated the terms of the lease he signed in November 2013 by allowing people to live there. The prosecution said major alterations to the Ghost Ship were made without the required building permits and that events were held in the building without clearance from the city of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almena testified that he didn't get any permits for any of the work done in the warehouse and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760153/ghost-ship-trial-defendant-testifies-he-believed-dwellings-could-be-built-in-warehouse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said he thought contractors would get them\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almena also testified that landlord Eva Ng — daughter of warehouse owner Chor Ng — had asked him to get permits but that he had declined, and that \"early on\" in the immediate months after signing the lease \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760427/ghost-ship-defendant-says-he-wont-blame-anybody-for-deadly-warehouse-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he had asked the Ngs to obtain the proper permits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors described the interior of the building as a maze stuffed from floor to ceiling with highly flammable materials, including wood, tapestries, statues, furniture and other improvised building components, such as pianos and windows used to delineate hallways and living spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution also argued Harris acted as a kind of second-in-command, collecting rents, issuing eviction notices and helping to organize events like the one on Dec. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During closing arguments, defense attorneys pointed to testimony by many former tenants and visitors who said they felt the Ghost Ship was safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defense also argued that personnel from several agencies, including Oakland's police and fire departments, as well as Child Protective Services, had passed through the warehouse dozens of times in the years leading up to the fire and had never flagged the building, never red-tagged it or issued any eviction notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Curtis Briggs, who represents Harris, and Tony Serra, who represents Almena, also argued that testimony by at least seven witnesses pointed to arson as the cause of the deadly conflagration and that Almena and Harris couldn't have done anything to prevent it. James said in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11764513/ghost-ship-trial-handed-to-jury-victims-families-await-verdict\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuttal to the defense's closing arguments\u003c/a> that there was no evidence of arson and called testimony by a key witness \"unbelievable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briggs also said Harris' duties at the warehouse were janitorial and not managerial. Harris testified he had only \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11755274/co-defendant-max-harris-tells-jury-there-was-no-sort-of-authority-figure-at-ghost-ship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">used terms like creative or executive director ironically, and said the Ghost Ship was a nonhierarchical collective\u003c/a>. Briggs argued that his client did not have any role in signing the lease and had not even lived in the warehouse when major modifications to the building were made, including the installation of a set of stairs and a side fire exit, both of which Almena neglected to get permits for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defense also said in closing arguments that their clients were scapegoats for the city of Oakland, which Serra says failed to enforce its own building and safety regulations. The city is one of several defendants in a civil lawsuit arising from the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Events Leading Up to the Criminal Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Almena and Harris \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11495325/two-reportedly-charged-with-manslaughter-in-oaklands-ghost-ship-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were arrested on June 5, 2017\u003c/a>, and each charged with 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.kqed.org/arts/program/oakland-warehouse-memorial,Honoring Those Lost to the Ghost Ship Fire",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678966/men-plead-no-contest-in-deadly-ghost-ship-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Both pleaded no contest\u003c/a> to the charges on July 3, 2018, in Alameda County Superior Court, with Almena agreeing to a nine-year jail sentence with four years of supervised release. Harris agreed to a six-year jail sentence with four years of supervised release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Aug. 10, 2018, Alameda County Superior Court Judge James Cramer \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686316/judge-rejects-plea-deals-in-deadly-oakland-warehouse-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rejected the pleas\u003c/a>, a decision that put the case on the path to this year's trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In explaining his decision, Cramer said Almena didn't acknowledge responsibility or show remorse for the fatal blaze. He pointed to a 30-page letter to probation officers in which the judge said Almena cast himself as a \"victim and a witness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cramer said the plea deal would have been fair for Harris, but in rejecting it for one defendant, he was bound by the law to reject it for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge's decision also came a day after more than two dozen mothers, brothers, friends and other family members of the 36 victims \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686120/loved-ones-of-the-ghost-ships-dead-decry-plea-deal-brokered-in-their-name\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told stories of their dead loved ones and criticized the plea deal\u003c/a> reportedly struck to spare them the pain of a criminal trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Cramer rejected the deal, Almena said, \"If I could give each one of you my life, if I could give you my children's lives, I would.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Autrey James told the judge after Almena's statement that the victims' families were offended by many of the things he had said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Civil Trial\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Victims' families have alleged in lawsuits that several Oakland city agencies failed in their duty to inspect the Ghost Ship warehouse building or follow up on complaints about the premises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits also claim PG&E failed to properly monitor, inspect and repair electrical equipment that provided power to the building. Warehouse owner Chor Ng is also a defendant in the civil case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Alexander, the lead counsel in the civil case, said on July 15 that the trial is scheduled to begin next May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED reporters Jeremy Siegel and Annika Cline contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Unveil Weed Breathalyzer, Launching Debate Over Next Steps",
"title": "Scientists Unveil Weed Breathalyzer, Launching Debate Over Next Steps",
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"content": "\u003cp>The alcohol Breathalyzer came to life slowly, over the course of decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1930s through the 1960s, scientists, lawmakers, police and the public quarreled over the veracity of the numbers spit out by the device, the appropriate legal limit for drivers and whether they could trust a \u003ca href=\"https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/drunk-driving-and-the-pre-history-of-breathalyzers-1474504117\">machine over a cop's testimony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the same debate is playing out over cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As 33 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form, Breathalyzer-type devices that could theoretically aid police enforcement have \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/weed-breathalyzers-are-on-the-way/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begun appearing\u003c/a> in various stages of development. But legal experts and scientists say there's a long way to go before those devices can actually detect a driver's impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Alexander Star, University of Pittsburgh\"]'If we have a suitable industrial partner, then the device by itself would be quite ready in a few months.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh announced the latest tool to detect THC — delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component in cannabis — in breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university's Star Lab, led by Alexander Star, began developing the box-shaped device in 2016, amid a wave of cannabis legalization across the United States. Star, a chemistry professor, partnered with Ervin Sejdic, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the same university, to build the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device uses carbon nanotubes, which are 1/100,000 the size of human hair, to recognize the presence of THC, even when other substances are in the breath, such as alcohol. The THC molecule binds to the surface of the tubes, altering their electrical properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nanotechnology sensors can detect THC at levels comparable to or better than mass spectrometry, which is considered the gold standard for THC detection,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.engineering.pitt.edu/News/2019/Star-THC-Breathalyzer/\">the news release\u003c/a> from the university's Swanson School of Engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the device is nearly ready for mass production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1684px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567720806580.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11772415 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1684\" height=\"1094\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg 1684w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1020x663.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1200x780.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1684px) 100vw, 1684px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Pittsburgh researchers developed a prototype device that can measure the amount of THC in a person's breath. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Pittsburgh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we have a suitable industrial partner,\" Star told \u003cem>Here & Now'\u003c/em>s Jeremy Hobson, \"then the device by itself would be quite ready in a few months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining steps, he says, include testing the prototype and correlating the device's output to the driver's level of impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With alcohol, you can figure out impairment by measuring the amount of alcohol in someone's blood, which you can determine from a Breathalyzer using the \"blood to breath\" — or \"partition\" — ratio. Make that translation from breath to blood to brain, and you can get a relatively accurate sense of how drunk someone is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So when it comes to these marijuana breath tests, that's the million-dollar question right now,\" says Chris Halsor, a Denver lawyer who focuses on issues around legal cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a ratio that links the amount of THC in someone's breath to the amount in the person's blood — and then to exactly how stoned that person is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, says Sejdic. The correlation \"is basically missing, from a scientific point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejdic and Star have figured out how to set a threshold on their device to detect only a certain amount of THC, which they say will help avoid flagging cannabis use from several days prior. But without a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between that amount and the driver's level of impairment, the device may not be particularly useful to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that hurdle, there's the legal question of what level is safe for driving, which may be hard to answer. It took American courts several decades to settle on today's blood-alcohol concentration limit of 0.08%. States have already set \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.ghsa.org_sites_default_files_2019-2D04_marijuanalaws-5Fapr2019-5F0.pdf&d=DwMF-g&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=la2dQ1CjYh8_S5hqCXFrCN9q6fGEVmllKII03V5OuXk&m=kuUTA4q1MKTuKFftc030Z40bz067W9zu6TNorAnhKEY&s=wh3bMKXSlY4D4i2mVF-HGhNgzP_wVeA-bm_hPZqRBFM&e=\">various legal guidelines\u003c/a>, though some scientists argue that none of them are backed by hard science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halsor, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/30/523004450/scientists-still-seek-a-reliable-dui-test-for-marijuana\">taught police about marijuana DUIs for years\u003c/a>, says some officers whom he works with are hesitant about the devices. They worry that a cop with less training might use one as a crutch \"instead of actually evaluating the individuals and looking at how they're performing physically, mentally and cognitively,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He advocates for a more hands-on approach: training officers to understand and detect marijuana usage without blood or breath tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not to say that five years from now we won't have some great device,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, for now, to say that he's skeptical would be an understatement. And he says he's especially concerned about a lack of human testing as a result of federal regulations around cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"cannabis\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Star and Sejdic understand that challenge. They say it took six months to even get started on their research because they had to get permission from the Drug Enforcement Administration to work with THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a kind of both ethical and legal issue,\" Sejdic says. \"Given that the marijuana is still a Schedule I substance, it's difficult to actually carry out any research related to this substance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breakthroughs that would make this kind of device effective might happen first in Canada, Halsor says. The country's decision to legalize cannabis last year \"now opens the door to research being able to be conducted unencumbered,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the University of Pittsburgh researchers are hopeful that the U.S. might get the ball rolling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there will be some push even for the federal government to actually allow researchers to look and correlate these levels of smoking and impairment,\" Sejdic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the government and the legal system catch up, they say, creating an accurate Breathalyzer-type device itself is the first step toward enforcing those \"Drive High, Get A DUI\" roadside signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Unveil+Weed+Breathalyzer%2C+Launching+Debate+Over+Next+Steps&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The alcohol Breathalyzer came to life slowly, over the course of decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the 1930s through the 1960s, scientists, lawmakers, police and the public quarreled over the veracity of the numbers spit out by the device, the appropriate legal limit for drivers and whether they could trust a \u003ca href=\"https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/drunk-driving-and-the-pre-history-of-breathalyzers-1474504117\">machine over a cop's testimony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the same debate is playing out over cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As 33 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form, Breathalyzer-type devices that could theoretically aid police enforcement have \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/weed-breathalyzers-are-on-the-way/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begun appearing\u003c/a> in various stages of development. But legal experts and scientists say there's a long way to go before those devices can actually detect a driver's impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh announced the latest tool to detect THC — delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component in cannabis — in breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university's Star Lab, led by Alexander Star, began developing the box-shaped device in 2016, amid a wave of cannabis legalization across the United States. Star, a chemistry professor, partnered with Ervin Sejdic, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the same university, to build the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device uses carbon nanotubes, which are 1/100,000 the size of human hair, to recognize the presence of THC, even when other substances are in the breath, such as alcohol. The THC molecule binds to the surface of the tubes, altering their electrical properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nanotechnology sensors can detect THC at levels comparable to or better than mass spectrometry, which is considered the gold standard for THC detection,\" according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.engineering.pitt.edu/News/2019/Star-THC-Breathalyzer/\">the news release\u003c/a> from the university's Swanson School of Engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the device is nearly ready for mass production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772415\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1684px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567720806580.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11772415 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1684\" height=\"1094\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678.jpg 1684w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-800x520.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1020x663.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/thc_breathalyzer_prototype-647246cd2e16be72764f3993b20352ceeb2eddef-e1567721060678-1200x780.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1684px) 100vw, 1684px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Pittsburgh researchers developed a prototype device that can measure the amount of THC in a person's breath. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of University of Pittsburgh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we have a suitable industrial partner,\" Star told \u003cem>Here & Now'\u003c/em>s Jeremy Hobson, \"then the device by itself would be quite ready in a few months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining steps, he says, include testing the prototype and correlating the device's output to the driver's level of impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With alcohol, you can figure out impairment by measuring the amount of alcohol in someone's blood, which you can determine from a Breathalyzer using the \"blood to breath\" — or \"partition\" — ratio. Make that translation from breath to blood to brain, and you can get a relatively accurate sense of how drunk someone is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So when it comes to these marijuana breath tests, that's the million-dollar question right now,\" says Chris Halsor, a Denver lawyer who focuses on issues around legal cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there a ratio that links the amount of THC in someone's breath to the amount in the person's blood — and then to exactly how stoned that person is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, says Sejdic. The correlation \"is basically missing, from a scientific point of view.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejdic and Star have figured out how to set a threshold on their device to detect only a certain amount of THC, which they say will help avoid flagging cannabis use from several days prior. But without a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between that amount and the driver's level of impairment, the device may not be particularly useful to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that hurdle, there's the legal question of what level is safe for driving, which may be hard to answer. It took American courts several decades to settle on today's blood-alcohol concentration limit of 0.08%. States have already set \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.ghsa.org_sites_default_files_2019-2D04_marijuanalaws-5Fapr2019-5F0.pdf&d=DwMF-g&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=la2dQ1CjYh8_S5hqCXFrCN9q6fGEVmllKII03V5OuXk&m=kuUTA4q1MKTuKFftc030Z40bz067W9zu6TNorAnhKEY&s=wh3bMKXSlY4D4i2mVF-HGhNgzP_wVeA-bm_hPZqRBFM&e=\">various legal guidelines\u003c/a>, though some scientists argue that none of them are backed by hard science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halsor, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/30/523004450/scientists-still-seek-a-reliable-dui-test-for-marijuana\">taught police about marijuana DUIs for years\u003c/a>, says some officers whom he works with are hesitant about the devices. They worry that a cop with less training might use one as a crutch \"instead of actually evaluating the individuals and looking at how they're performing physically, mentally and cognitively,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He advocates for a more hands-on approach: training officers to understand and detect marijuana usage without blood or breath tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not to say that five years from now we won't have some great device,\" Halsor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, for now, to say that he's skeptical would be an understatement. And he says he's especially concerned about a lack of human testing as a result of federal regulations around cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Star and Sejdic understand that challenge. They say it took six months to even get started on their research because they had to get permission from the Drug Enforcement Administration to work with THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a kind of both ethical and legal issue,\" Sejdic says. \"Given that the marijuana is still a Schedule I substance, it's difficult to actually carry out any research related to this substance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breakthroughs that would make this kind of device effective might happen first in Canada, Halsor says. The country's decision to legalize cannabis last year \"now opens the door to research being able to be conducted unencumbered,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the University of Pittsburgh researchers are hopeful that the U.S. might get the ball rolling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there will be some push even for the federal government to actually allow researchers to look and correlate these levels of smoking and impairment,\" Sejdic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the government and the legal system catch up, they say, creating an accurate Breathalyzer-type device itself is the first step toward enforcing those \"Drive High, Get A DUI\" roadside signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Unveil+Weed+Breathalyzer%2C+Launching+Debate+Over+Next+Steps&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Jessy Rosales was a sophomore at UC Riverside, she had a boyfriend and she was taking birth control pills. Then out of nowhere, she started feeling sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just thought it was the stomach flu,” she says. “It turns out I was pregnant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosales was clear that she was not ready to have a baby. She wanted a medication abortion, where she would take one pill at the clinic and a second one at home a day or two later to induce a miscarriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just wanted the intimacy of dealing with it on my own, in the privacy of my own home,” she says. “And being able to cry if I wanted to cry or just being able to curl up in my bed right away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public university health centers in California do not perform abortions. But state lawmakers are expected to pass\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB24\"> a bill\u003c/a> in the coming weeks that would require student health centers at all 34 state campuses to provide medication abortions. If the measure becomes law, it will be the first of its kind in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s supporters say they want to remove the obstacles women face accessing medical abortion off campus. For example, Rosales was given three off-campus referrals for abortion providers by her student health center. But the first clinic she called didn’t perform abortions after all. The second didn’t take her insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time she could get an appointment at a third clinic, she was already into the second trimester of pregnancy — too late for a medication abortion, which can only be done up to 10 weeks. Rosales ended up having a surgical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The doctor kept telling me to relax … and I couldn’t because it just hurt so bad,” she recalls. “I was just afraid and alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosales graduated last year and is now advocating for the bill (SB 24) as a reproductive justice activist with the Women’s Foundation of California. She wants other students to have easier access to the abortion pill than she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"It took too long for Jessy Rosales to find a clinic near the University of California, Riverside, that would provide a medication abortion and accept her insurance. She's now advocating for a state bill to make the pills available at public university health centers in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11772339\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d.jpg 1944w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It took too long for Jessy Rosales to find a clinic near UC Riverside, that would provide a medication abortion and accept her insurance. She’s now advocating for a state bill to make the pills available at public university health centers in California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Planned Parenthood )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the bill have organized several rallies against it. In August, about 60 protesters in yellow T-shirts gathered outside a church in Sacramento, their heads bowed as a priest led them in prayer. Then they marched around the state’s Capitol, chanting, “Don’t kill babies! Don’t kill babies!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a consortium of women’s groups that support abortion rights has promised to pay for all the required ultrasound equipment and upfront training costs of providing the abortion pill on campus, eventually universities would likely need to dip into tax dollars or student fees for ongoing costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abortion opponents such as Michele LaMonica object to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not on my dime, not on my dime,” LaMonica says. “Tax me to help the homeless. Tax me to help social services, but don’t tax me to pay for the disposal of human life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11719509\" label=\"Previous Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers are already required to cover abortion under California law, and state tax dollars do go toward abortions provided through Medi-Cal, the state version of Medicaid for low-income patients. However, none of the UC campuses and only some of the CSU campuses get reimbursed for health services through Medi-Cal. University officials testified during legislative hearings on the bill last year that it could be an administrative or fiscal burden to establish billing systems to provide the abortion pill on campus. They predicted that some clinical costs, as well as security and liability costs, could fall directly to the universities and get passed on to students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 519 women at public universities seek a medication abortion every month in California, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(18)30185-X/fulltext\"> a study\u003c/a> published last summer in the Journal of Adolescent Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same research found that off-campus abortion providers were an average of six miles away from public university campuses in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Gov. Jerry Brown cited this stat when \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB320\">he vetoed\u003c/a> a version of the same bill (\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB320\">SB 320\u003c/a>) last year, saying the legislation was not necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six miles away — that’s like a $5 Uber ride,” said abortion opponent Nick Reynosa, the Northern California regional coordinator for Students for Life of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the campaign is more about politics than need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the last decade, many pro-choice activists feel that in red states, there’s been a lot of momentum toward more abortion restrictions. This is a way to say, ‘No. Here, in blue California, we’re going to affirm or expand [the right to an abortion],’ ” Reynosa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s supporters don’t deny it. Phoebe Abramowitz was part of the student team that launched the campus campaign for medication abortions at UC Berkeley four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we’re doing statewide advocacy, we’re hoping to set a national precedent that we can, even in these really hostile times to women and queer people, move access to abortion forward,” she says. “It’s more important now than it even was a year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Brown vetoed the bill last year, then-gubernatorial candidate Gavin Newsom said he\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Gavin-Newsom-splits-with-Jerry-Brown-on-SF-drug-13275997.php\"> would have supported\u003c/a> it. He won the election about a month later, and advocates are optimistic that he will side with them this time around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature has until mid-September to pass the bill, and the governor has a month after that to sign or veto it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR’s reporting partnership with KQED and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Jessy Rosales was a sophomore at UC Riverside, she had a boyfriend and she was taking birth control pills. Then out of nowhere, she started feeling sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just thought it was the stomach flu,” she says. “It turns out I was pregnant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosales was clear that she was not ready to have a baby. She wanted a medication abortion, where she would take one pill at the clinic and a second one at home a day or two later to induce a miscarriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just wanted the intimacy of dealing with it on my own, in the privacy of my own home,” she says. “And being able to cry if I wanted to cry or just being able to curl up in my bed right away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public university health centers in California do not perform abortions. But state lawmakers are expected to pass\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB24\"> a bill\u003c/a> in the coming weeks that would require student health centers at all 34 state campuses to provide medication abortions. If the measure becomes law, it will be the first of its kind in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s supporters say they want to remove the obstacles women face accessing medical abortion off campus. For example, Rosales was given three off-campus referrals for abortion providers by her student health center. But the first clinic she called didn’t perform abortions after all. The second didn’t take her insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time she could get an appointment at a third clinic, she was already into the second trimester of pregnancy — too late for a medication abortion, which can only be done up to 10 weeks. Rosales ended up having a surgical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The doctor kept telling me to relax … and I couldn’t because it just hurt so bad,” she recalls. “I was just afraid and alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosales graduated last year and is now advocating for the bill (SB 24) as a reproductive justice activist with the Women’s Foundation of California. She wants other students to have easier access to the abortion pill than she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"It took too long for Jessy Rosales to find a clinic near the University of California, Riverside, that would provide a medication abortion and accept her insurance. She's now advocating for a state bill to make the pills available at public university health centers in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11772339\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/jessy-rosales_wide-a7286be2cdb043d9198d5277d39ca62e8fe74a3d.jpg 1944w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It took too long for Jessy Rosales to find a clinic near UC Riverside, that would provide a medication abortion and accept her insurance. She’s now advocating for a state bill to make the pills available at public university health centers in California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Planned Parenthood )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the bill have organized several rallies against it. In August, about 60 protesters in yellow T-shirts gathered outside a church in Sacramento, their heads bowed as a priest led them in prayer. Then they marched around the state’s Capitol, chanting, “Don’t kill babies! Don’t kill babies!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a consortium of women’s groups that support abortion rights has promised to pay for all the required ultrasound equipment and upfront training costs of providing the abortion pill on campus, eventually universities would likely need to dip into tax dollars or student fees for ongoing costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abortion opponents such as Michele LaMonica object to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not on my dime, not on my dime,” LaMonica says. “Tax me to help the homeless. Tax me to help social services, but don’t tax me to pay for the disposal of human life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers are already required to cover abortion under California law, and state tax dollars do go toward abortions provided through Medi-Cal, the state version of Medicaid for low-income patients. However, none of the UC campuses and only some of the CSU campuses get reimbursed for health services through Medi-Cal. University officials testified during legislative hearings on the bill last year that it could be an administrative or fiscal burden to establish billing systems to provide the abortion pill on campus. They predicted that some clinical costs, as well as security and liability costs, could fall directly to the universities and get passed on to students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 519 women at public universities seek a medication abortion every month in California, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(18)30185-X/fulltext\"> a study\u003c/a> published last summer in the Journal of Adolescent Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same research found that off-campus abortion providers were an average of six miles away from public university campuses in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Gov. Jerry Brown cited this stat when \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB320\">he vetoed\u003c/a> a version of the same bill (\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB320\">SB 320\u003c/a>) last year, saying the legislation was not necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six miles away — that’s like a $5 Uber ride,” said abortion opponent Nick Reynosa, the Northern California regional coordinator for Students for Life of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the campaign is more about politics than need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the last decade, many pro-choice activists feel that in red states, there’s been a lot of momentum toward more abortion restrictions. This is a way to say, ‘No. Here, in blue California, we’re going to affirm or expand [the right to an abortion],’ ” Reynosa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s supporters don’t deny it. Phoebe Abramowitz was part of the student team that launched the campus campaign for medication abortions at UC Berkeley four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we’re doing statewide advocacy, we’re hoping to set a national precedent that we can, even in these really hostile times to women and queer people, move access to abortion forward,” she says. “It’s more important now than it even was a year ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Brown vetoed the bill last year, then-gubernatorial candidate Gavin Newsom said he\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Gavin-Newsom-splits-with-Jerry-Brown-on-SF-drug-13275997.php\"> would have supported\u003c/a> it. He won the election about a month later, and advocates are optimistic that he will side with them this time around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislature has until mid-September to pass the bill, and the governor has a month after that to sign or veto it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR’s reporting partnership with KQED and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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