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"disqusTitle": "Los Angeles County Eliminates Criminal Fees. Will California Follow?",
"title": "Los Angeles County Eliminates Criminal Fees. Will California Follow?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Los Angeles County will stop billing people millions of dollars a year for the costs of their incarceration in an effort to lighten the financial burden on former inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously Tuesday to \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/144092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eliminate all criminal administrative fees\u003c/a> over which the county has discretion after hearing testimony from dozens of formerly incarcerated residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is the fourth in California to eliminate the fees. If a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> introduced in the state Senate is approved, the rest of California could soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people who have contact with the criminal justice system are already struggling to make ends meet,” said Supervisor Hilda Solis, who co-wrote the measure. “It’s most definitely not the purpose of the justice system to punish poor people for their poverty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the fees that Los Angeles will no longer collect are a monthly $155 charge for probation supervision, $769 for a pre-sentence report, $50 for alcohol testing and legal counsel fees that can reach hundreds of dollars, according to a\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/aclu_socal_costs_of_injustice.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> November report\u003c/a> from a coalition of criminal justice reform advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just never-ending. It’s a revolving door of fees and stipulations,” Cynthia Blake told the supervisors. A mother of seven, Blake said she was homeless when she was assessed more than $5,000 in probation fees nearly a decade ago. Unable to pay, she “ducked and dodged” the probation department, ultimately ending up in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote followed a \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/bc/1065611_121319.B101299.FinesandFees.bm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">December report\u003c/a> from the county’s Chief Executive Office finding that the county assessed an average of $121 million in fines and fees each year since 2014, but collected about $11.4 million annually, or 9%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Including all fees, fines and restitution, Los Angeles still has over $1.8 billion in outstanding debt on the books, dating back 50 years. The measure doesn’t touch restitution or fees and fines required by state law, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s \u003ca href=\"https://ceo.lacounty.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2019-20-Final-Adopted-Budget-Charts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2019-2020 budget\u003c/a> for public protection — which includes the Sheriff’s Department, which operates county jails, probation and the courts — is $8.9 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles follows the lead of San Francisco, Alameda and Contra Costa counties, which have passed similar measures in the past two years. More than 30% of California’s nearly 73,000 jailed inmates and 356,000 probationers reside in the four counties that have eliminated fees, according to data from the \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/kstevens#!/vizhome/ACJROctober2013/About\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/oconnellresearch#!/vizhome/ChiefProbationOfficersofCaliforniaAnnualDataSurvey_0/CPOCProbationSurvey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chief Probation Officers of California\u003c/a>. Another 127,000 inmates are in state prisons and 45,000 are on state-run parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11803106\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles County Supervisor Hilda Solis (right) authored the measure to eliminate the fees. \u003ccite>(Jackie Botts/CalMatter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The supervisors also resolved to write Gov. Gavin Newsom and legislators in support of Senate Bill 144, which would eliminate several of the most common and costly criminal administrative fees charged by counties and the state prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are further hampering an already fragile family or community economically,” said state Sen. Holly Mitchell, a Los Angeles Democrat who authored the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is opposed by counties and law enforcement groups, which say that eliminating fees would leave gaping funding holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the problems is that the Legislature passes laws that have to be paid for ... When they didn’t want to use general funds, they allowed it to be done as a fine or fee,” said Darby Kernan, deputy executive director of the California State Association of Counties. “That’s what holds the system together, and minus those dollars, the system will collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kernan pointed to a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2016 state law that required\u003c/a> people convicted of driving under the influence to install in their cars an interlock device — a breathalyzer that must be passed to turn on the ignition — and pay an administrative fee to cover the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mitchell urged the governor to recognize that criminal fees are a “self-defeating, anemic source of revenue,” in a statement Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If LA can afford it, California can to,” Mitchell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles’ move may bode well for Mitchell’s bill, if history is an indication. The county was a trendsetter when it \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/48284.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stopped charging fees to parents\u003c/a> for their kids’ time in the juvenile justice system in 2009. Three Bay Area counties followed, Mitchell introduced a bill to do so statewide and in 2018, California became the first state in the nation to abolish juvenile fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that law didn’t do away with preexisting debt from the juvenile fees. While most counties, including Los Angeles, stopped collecting the old fees from parents, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-counties-still-collecting-juvenile-justice-fee-debt-from-parents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">22 counties haven’t\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Los Angeles ordinance and Mitchell’s proposal make old administrative fees uncollectible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11803107\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1020x764.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marquies Nunez has struggled to pay off his county criminal justice fees. \u003ccite>(Jackie Botts/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That could make a big difference for Marquies Nunez. When the 28 year old finished a 13-year sentence four months ago, he received a new bill for $1,000 from Los Angeles County. That was on top of the $12,000 he already owed in restitution fees, $2,000 of which he had paid off by working for 30 to 60 cents per hour while imprisoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually devastated and hurt ... knowing that I worked so hard while I was in jail to pay off my restitution and now here it is, I got bumped up an extra $1,000,” Nunez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Los Angeles’ vote, Nunez is optimistic about spreading the wave of reform to the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re going in the right direction. We got a good governor, we got good people outside here voting for these laws, good people in the Senate,” Nunez said. “We’ve got a bright future ahead of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jackie Botts is a reporter with CalMatters. This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Los Angeles County will stop billing people millions of dollars a year for the costs of their incarceration in an effort to lighten the financial burden on former inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously Tuesday to \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/144092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eliminate all criminal administrative fees\u003c/a> over which the county has discretion after hearing testimony from dozens of formerly incarcerated residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is the fourth in California to eliminate the fees. If a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> introduced in the state Senate is approved, the rest of California could soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people who have contact with the criminal justice system are already struggling to make ends meet,” said Supervisor Hilda Solis, who co-wrote the measure. “It’s most definitely not the purpose of the justice system to punish poor people for their poverty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the fees that Los Angeles will no longer collect are a monthly $155 charge for probation supervision, $769 for a pre-sentence report, $50 for alcohol testing and legal counsel fees that can reach hundreds of dollars, according to a\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/aclu_socal_costs_of_injustice.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> November report\u003c/a> from a coalition of criminal justice reform advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just never-ending. It’s a revolving door of fees and stipulations,” Cynthia Blake told the supervisors. A mother of seven, Blake said she was homeless when she was assessed more than $5,000 in probation fees nearly a decade ago. Unable to pay, she “ducked and dodged” the probation department, ultimately ending up in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote followed a \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/bc/1065611_121319.B101299.FinesandFees.bm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">December report\u003c/a> from the county’s Chief Executive Office finding that the county assessed an average of $121 million in fines and fees each year since 2014, but collected about $11.4 million annually, or 9%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Including all fees, fines and restitution, Los Angeles still has over $1.8 billion in outstanding debt on the books, dating back 50 years. The measure doesn’t touch restitution or fees and fines required by state law, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s \u003ca href=\"https://ceo.lacounty.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2019-20-Final-Adopted-Budget-Charts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2019-2020 budget\u003c/a> for public protection — which includes the Sheriff’s Department, which operates county jails, probation and the courts — is $8.9 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles follows the lead of San Francisco, Alameda and Contra Costa counties, which have passed similar measures in the past two years. More than 30% of California’s nearly 73,000 jailed inmates and 356,000 probationers reside in the four counties that have eliminated fees, according to data from the \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/kstevens#!/vizhome/ACJROctober2013/About\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/oconnellresearch#!/vizhome/ChiefProbationOfficersofCaliforniaAnnualDataSurvey_0/CPOCProbationSurvey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chief Probation Officers of California\u003c/a>. Another 127,000 inmates are in state prisons and 45,000 are on state-run parole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11803106\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-2-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles County Supervisor Hilda Solis (right) authored the measure to eliminate the fees. \u003ccite>(Jackie Botts/CalMatter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The supervisors also resolved to write Gov. Gavin Newsom and legislators in support of Senate Bill 144, which would eliminate several of the most common and costly criminal administrative fees charged by counties and the state prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are further hampering an already fragile family or community economically,” said state Sen. Holly Mitchell, a Los Angeles Democrat who authored the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is opposed by counties and law enforcement groups, which say that eliminating fees would leave gaping funding holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the problems is that the Legislature passes laws that have to be paid for ... When they didn’t want to use general funds, they allowed it to be done as a fine or fee,” said Darby Kernan, deputy executive director of the California State Association of Counties. “That’s what holds the system together, and minus those dollars, the system will collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kernan pointed to a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2016 state law that required\u003c/a> people convicted of driving under the influence to install in their cars an interlock device — a breathalyzer that must be passed to turn on the ignition — and pay an administrative fee to cover the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mitchell urged the governor to recognize that criminal fees are a “self-defeating, anemic source of revenue,” in a statement Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If LA can afford it, California can to,” Mitchell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles’ move may bode well for Mitchell’s bill, if history is an indication. The county was a trendsetter when it \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/bos/supdocs/48284.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stopped charging fees to parents\u003c/a> for their kids’ time in the juvenile justice system in 2009. Three Bay Area counties followed, Mitchell introduced a bill to do so statewide and in 2018, California became the first state in the nation to abolish juvenile fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that law didn’t do away with preexisting debt from the juvenile fees. While most counties, including Los Angeles, stopped collecting the old fees from parents, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-counties-still-collecting-juvenile-justice-fee-debt-from-parents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">22 counties haven’t\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Los Angeles ordinance and Mitchell’s proposal make old administrative fees uncollectible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11803107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11803107\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1020x764.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/CRIMINAL-FEES-photo-3-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marquies Nunez has struggled to pay off his county criminal justice fees. \u003ccite>(Jackie Botts/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That could make a big difference for Marquies Nunez. When the 28 year old finished a 13-year sentence four months ago, he received a new bill for $1,000 from Los Angeles County. That was on top of the $12,000 he already owed in restitution fees, $2,000 of which he had paid off by working for 30 to 60 cents per hour while imprisoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually devastated and hurt ... knowing that I worked so hard while I was in jail to pay off my restitution and now here it is, I got bumped up an extra $1,000,” Nunez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Los Angeles’ vote, Nunez is optimistic about spreading the wave of reform to the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re going in the right direction. We got a good governor, we got good people outside here voting for these laws, good people in the Senate,” Nunez said. “We’ve got a bright future ahead of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jackie Botts is a reporter with CalMatters. This article is part of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/divide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The California Divide\u003c/a>, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequity and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One day after President Trump promised “a lot of dam and a lot of everything,” California \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretrumpwater\">sued the administration\u003c/a> to protect endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the midst of his reelection campaign, Trump is promising literally everything to Central Valley farmers as part of recently unveiled Delta water rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump pitted farmers against the Endangered Species Act in his first campaign for president as well, and has now staffed his administration with industry insiders like Interior Secretary David Bernhardt – who is now setting policy for his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11431557/trump-appoints-valley-water-districts-lobbyist-to-interior-department-post\">former clients\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Chinook salmon, steelhead trout and delta smelt may be on the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949697/trump-water-rules-erode-protection-for-endangered-salmon\"> fast track to extinction\u003c/a> after the administration pushed out federal scientists who raised alarms about the fate of endangered salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rohnert Park city leaders are set to \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgranicus_production_attachments.s3.amazonaws.com%2Frpcity%2F43d9893af36e56795edae974dc13eefc0.pdf&embedded=true\">vote\u003c/a> Tuesday on two settlement agreements with eight men who sued the city over hundreds of pounds of marijuana and $55,000 they say was unlawfully seized during traffic stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huedell Freeman, a cannabis cultivator based in Mendocino who said Rohnert Park police officers took 47 pounds of his legal product, will receive \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/536633/7F_Settlement_Agreement_and_Release_Freeman_vs_RP.pdf\">$287,500\u003c/a>. Seven other drivers who jointly filed suit against the city will split a \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/536634/7G_Settlement_Agreement_and_Release_Regarding_Payne_vs_RP.pdf\">$1,175,000\u003c/a> settlement. In August, the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768671/rohnert-park-settles-one-lawsuit-over-illegal-pot-seizures-5-more-plaintiffs-sue\">settled\u003c/a> with a Texas-based man named Zeke Flatten for $415,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The case has conditionally resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties,” was all the plaintiffs’ attorney Izaak Schwaiger would say about the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rohnert Park Assistant City Manager Don Schwartz wrote in an email that the settlements are in the best interests of the city, as they are less costly than continued litigation, but do not indicate liability or responsibility on the city’s part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673412/highway-robbery-drivers-allege-rohnert-park-police-illegally-seized-cannabis-cash\">first reported\u003c/a> on this pattern of suspicious seizures in 2018 after several drivers came forward with corresponding stories alleging that Rohnert Park police officers pulled them over 40 miles north of their jurisdiction for the purpose of taking their cash or marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Freeman said he couldn’t comment on the settlement, it should finally bring an end to his three-year struggle to get back the cannabis — a year’s worth of income — that he said was unlawfully taken from him during a December 2016 traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joint lawsuit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768671/rohnert-park-settles-one-lawsuit-over-illegal-pot-seizures-5-more-plaintiffs-sue\">filed by seven motorists in August\u003c/a> alleges that former Rohnert Park officers Jacy Tatum, Joseph Huffaker and Christopher Snyder collectively took more than 330 pounds of marijuana from them and seized $55,000 in cash but never appropriately documented, destroyed or returned the cash or cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unusual legal move, the suit made RICO allegations — stating that the officers were basically acting like an organized crime ring by conspiring to extort drivers and obstruct justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary officers alleged to have been involved in inappropriate interdiction incidents are no longer with the City,” Schwartz wrote. “There have been no similar allegations against the City since 2017.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='rohnert-park']Former Sgt. Jacy Tatum, the officer at the center of the allegations, left the department in June 2018 after the city launched an internal affairs investigation. Then-director Brian Masterson retired in August 2018, and the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735983/probe-into-rohnert-park-cannabis-and-cash-seizures-will-stay-secret-despite-transparency-law\">forced out\u003c/a> former officer Joseph Huffaker in March 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal jury \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702984/federal-jury-rohnert-park-police-violated-couples-constitutional-rights\">awarded\u003c/a> a Rohnert Park couple $145,000 in damages in November 2019 in a separate case involving Tatum illegally searching their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, Schwartz said the city’s public safety department has “completed a restructuring to improve oversight and accountability and strengthened policies related to seizure, evidence storage, asset seizure requirements, video surveillance and report writing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money for these settlement agreements will be paid for by its insurer, Redwood Empire Municipal Insurance Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rohnert Park city leaders are set to \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/gview?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgranicus_production_attachments.s3.amazonaws.com%2Frpcity%2F43d9893af36e56795edae974dc13eefc0.pdf&embedded=true\">vote\u003c/a> Tuesday on two settlement agreements with eight men who sued the city over hundreds of pounds of marijuana and $55,000 they say was unlawfully seized during traffic stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huedell Freeman, a cannabis cultivator based in Mendocino who said Rohnert Park police officers took 47 pounds of his legal product, will receive \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/536633/7F_Settlement_Agreement_and_Release_Freeman_vs_RP.pdf\">$287,500\u003c/a>. Seven other drivers who jointly filed suit against the city will split a \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/536634/7G_Settlement_Agreement_and_Release_Regarding_Payne_vs_RP.pdf\">$1,175,000\u003c/a> settlement. In August, the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768671/rohnert-park-settles-one-lawsuit-over-illegal-pot-seizures-5-more-plaintiffs-sue\">settled\u003c/a> with a Texas-based man named Zeke Flatten for $415,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The case has conditionally resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties,” was all the plaintiffs’ attorney Izaak Schwaiger would say about the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rohnert Park Assistant City Manager Don Schwartz wrote in an email that the settlements are in the best interests of the city, as they are less costly than continued litigation, but do not indicate liability or responsibility on the city’s part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673412/highway-robbery-drivers-allege-rohnert-park-police-illegally-seized-cannabis-cash\">first reported\u003c/a> on this pattern of suspicious seizures in 2018 after several drivers came forward with corresponding stories alleging that Rohnert Park police officers pulled them over 40 miles north of their jurisdiction for the purpose of taking their cash or marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Freeman said he couldn’t comment on the settlement, it should finally bring an end to his three-year struggle to get back the cannabis — a year’s worth of income — that he said was unlawfully taken from him during a December 2016 traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joint lawsuit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768671/rohnert-park-settles-one-lawsuit-over-illegal-pot-seizures-5-more-plaintiffs-sue\">filed by seven motorists in August\u003c/a> alleges that former Rohnert Park officers Jacy Tatum, Joseph Huffaker and Christopher Snyder collectively took more than 330 pounds of marijuana from them and seized $55,000 in cash but never appropriately documented, destroyed or returned the cash or cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unusual legal move, the suit made RICO allegations — stating that the officers were basically acting like an organized crime ring by conspiring to extort drivers and obstruct justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary officers alleged to have been involved in inappropriate interdiction incidents are no longer with the City,” Schwartz wrote. “There have been no similar allegations against the City since 2017.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Former Sgt. Jacy Tatum, the officer at the center of the allegations, left the department in June 2018 after the city launched an internal affairs investigation. Then-director Brian Masterson retired in August 2018, and the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735983/probe-into-rohnert-park-cannabis-and-cash-seizures-will-stay-secret-despite-transparency-law\">forced out\u003c/a> former officer Joseph Huffaker in March 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal jury \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702984/federal-jury-rohnert-park-police-violated-couples-constitutional-rights\">awarded\u003c/a> a Rohnert Park couple $145,000 in damages in November 2019 in a separate case involving Tatum illegally searching their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past year, Schwartz said the city’s public safety department has “completed a restructuring to improve oversight and accountability and strengthened policies related to seizure, evidence storage, asset seizure requirements, video surveillance and report writing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money for these settlement agreements will be paid for by its insurer, Redwood Empire Municipal Insurance Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The US Imprisoned California Kids in World War II. Heart Mountain Bears the Scars",
"title": "The US Imprisoned California Kids in World War II. Heart Mountain Bears the Scars",
"headTitle": "The California Report Magazine | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Assembly's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11802590/california-lawmakers-expected-to-apologize-for-u-s-internment-of-japanese-americans\">official apology\u003c/a> for the state's role in the incarceration of Japanese Americans comes after many of those formerly incarcerated have passed away. But some of the survivors who were children during World War II continue to make annual pilgrimages to their former incarceration site each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ester Abe, a former incarceree at Heart Mountain\"]'I saw that Heart Mountain on the horizon and I kind of choked up. It came to life for my daughter.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Japanese Americans from Los Angeles, Santa Clara and San Francisco were sent to \u003ca href=\"https://heartmountain.org/\">Heart Mountain\u003c/a>, Wyoming. Anna Sale of WNYC’s \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/deathsexmoney\">Death, Sex & Money\u003c/a>\" recently traveled to Heart Mountain to talk to incarcerees and their family members for an episode of her podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report Magazine's host Sasha Khokha spoke with Sale, in a conversation that's been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On Why 'Death, Sex & Money' Visited Heart Mountain\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We say our show is about the things we think about a lot and need to talk about more. I'd heard about the pilgrimages to these former incarceration sites, and just the scraps that I picked up, I thought, 'This is a story that's about just that.' It's often the children and grandchildren are piecing together the stories, and they drip, drip, drip out. So I wanted to hear what it was like when people who live at this site in Heart Mountain, what do they talk about? What kinds of questions do their children and grandchildren have for them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802068\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802068\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1092\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut-160x91.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut-800x455.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut-1020x580.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shigeru Yabu gives a tour of a new replica barrack onsite at Heart Mountain. \u003ccite>(Darrell Kunitomi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On Talking to Survivors Returning for the First Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ester Abe was the first person I met when we got off the school bus [from the hotel in Cody]. This was her first time back since she was a young girl and she’d brought her two adult children with her. I was struck by talking to her. She looked up on the horizon. It's called Heart Mountain because there are these two rounded peaks and I wanted to know why she had returned with her two adult children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Speaking with Sale in the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/deathsexmoney\">Death, Sex & Money\u003c/a>\" episode, Ester Abe said, \"I saw that Heart Mountain on the horizon and I kind of choked up. It came to life for my daughter. She saw our name in the registrar of books and it kind of woke her up. She thought, oh, this is true. For us to be here and talk about it freely, everybody’s memories are coming out, it's big.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On Experiencing Incarceration as a Child \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was really striking to me that the people who were able to narrate first-person accounts of Heart Mountain were youth. I met a lot of people who said, 'My memories of this place were kid memories.' They didn’t experience what adults felt, having to step away from businesses from their role in the community. They were kids. You heard a lot of stories about how fun it was to play in the river or exploring the animals and the wildlife that lived near Heart Mountain. It was interesting to hear these childlike memories on top of the meaning of what it was to be an American citizen and sent away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"This sounds kind of idiotic, but as a kid, there was no fear,\" Shigeru Yabu told Sale. \"As a youngster, we're looking for adventure. We didn't think about the guard towers, we didn't think about the barbed wires. We just wanted excitement,\" said Yabu, who was forced from his home in San Francisco at age 10.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1484px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Shirley Ann Higuchi's parents\" width=\"1484\" height=\"1071\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut.jpg 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut-800x577.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut-1020x736.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1484px) 100vw, 1484px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Shirley Ann Higuchi's parents at Heart Mountain where they met. Setsuko, her mother, is fourth from the right on the front row, and Bill, her father, is sitting to her left. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Heart Mountain Wyoming Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>On What It'\u003c/b>\u003cb>s Like for the Children and Grandchildren of Incarcerees to Visit Heart Mountain \u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was a different tone when you got them off to the side and asked them what it was like to be there. It was less swapping of memories and light. It was more trying to piece together the more why and how. Some people were there with their elderly parents, but some people were there who’ve lost their parents and were there to learn more about what had happened from what they pieced together from family stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Shirley Ann Higuchi. She now at once recognizes that [incarceration] is how her parents came together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"But [if it wasn't] for that incarceration, I wouldn’t be here talking to you. When they bumped into each other years later at UC Berkeley, their faces looked identical to when they were kids. That recognition turned into a love affair and marriage,\" Higuchi told Sale.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was able to feel more anger about the incarceration than her mother was ever able to express during her lifetime. She talked a lot about how her mother was controlling, even when Shirley was an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802878\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut-1020x678.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shirley Ann Higuchi addresses attendees at the annual pilgrimage to Heart Mountain. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Heart Mountain Wyoming Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The psychologist turned to me, and says, 'Shirley, of course your mother's controlling. She was ripped from her home and put in a prison camp pre-adolesence, and she walked everything, and you're wondering why she's controlling? It would be strange if your mother wasn't controlling,'\" \u003c/em>\u003cem>Higuchi told Sale.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually said to Shirley, 'I love that you come to these pilgrimages and one of the things you talk to other children of incarcerees is 'How do your parents drive you crazy?' It wasn't something that I intuitively anticipated hearing. But of course, the ways people who were incarcerated at Heart Mountain raised their children affected not just Shirley's family, but lots of families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[After hearing her mother gloss over her experiences at Heart Mountain for so many years,] Shirley learned something surprising after her mother's death. [She] had been sending money to create a memorial and museum at the site of the former incarceration center [which was built in 2011]. Shirley discovered that her mother had stayed in touch and had been quite active in the effort to remember what had happened there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversation that was happening at the pilgrimage was not just about the past. It was about what this means today. I heard from former incarcerees and their children and grandchildren talking about the ways the current political environment makes them think about this history and the obligation and responsibility they have to talk about what happened, and to make sure this doesn't happen again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Assembly's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11802590/california-lawmakers-expected-to-apologize-for-u-s-internment-of-japanese-americans\">official apology\u003c/a> for the state's role in the incarceration of Japanese Americans comes after many of those formerly incarcerated have passed away. But some of the survivors who were children during World War II continue to make annual pilgrimages to their former incarceration site each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Japanese Americans from Los Angeles, Santa Clara and San Francisco were sent to \u003ca href=\"https://heartmountain.org/\">Heart Mountain\u003c/a>, Wyoming. Anna Sale of WNYC’s \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/deathsexmoney\">Death, Sex & Money\u003c/a>\" recently traveled to Heart Mountain to talk to incarcerees and their family members for an episode of her podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report Magazine's host Sasha Khokha spoke with Sale, in a conversation that's been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On Why 'Death, Sex & Money' Visited Heart Mountain\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We say our show is about the things we think about a lot and need to talk about more. I'd heard about the pilgrimages to these former incarceration sites, and just the scraps that I picked up, I thought, 'This is a story that's about just that.' It's often the children and grandchildren are piecing together the stories, and they drip, drip, drip out. So I wanted to hear what it was like when people who live at this site in Heart Mountain, what do they talk about? What kinds of questions do their children and grandchildren have for them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802068\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802068\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1092\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut-160x91.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut-800x455.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41368_Shig-talking-in-the-barrack-qut-1020x580.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shigeru Yabu gives a tour of a new replica barrack onsite at Heart Mountain. \u003ccite>(Darrell Kunitomi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On Talking to Survivors Returning for the First Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ester Abe was the first person I met when we got off the school bus [from the hotel in Cody]. This was her first time back since she was a young girl and she’d brought her two adult children with her. I was struck by talking to her. She looked up on the horizon. It's called Heart Mountain because there are these two rounded peaks and I wanted to know why she had returned with her two adult children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Speaking with Sale in the \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/deathsexmoney\">Death, Sex & Money\u003c/a>\" episode, Ester Abe said, \"I saw that Heart Mountain on the horizon and I kind of choked up. It came to life for my daughter. She saw our name in the registrar of books and it kind of woke her up. She thought, oh, this is true. For us to be here and talk about it freely, everybody’s memories are coming out, it's big.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On Experiencing Incarceration as a Child \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was really striking to me that the people who were able to narrate first-person accounts of Heart Mountain were youth. I met a lot of people who said, 'My memories of this place were kid memories.' They didn’t experience what adults felt, having to step away from businesses from their role in the community. They were kids. You heard a lot of stories about how fun it was to play in the river or exploring the animals and the wildlife that lived near Heart Mountain. It was interesting to hear these childlike memories on top of the meaning of what it was to be an American citizen and sent away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"This sounds kind of idiotic, but as a kid, there was no fear,\" Shigeru Yabu told Sale. \"As a youngster, we're looking for adventure. We didn't think about the guard towers, we didn't think about the barbed wires. We just wanted excitement,\" said Yabu, who was forced from his home in San Francisco at age 10.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1484px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Shirley Ann Higuchi's parents\" width=\"1484\" height=\"1071\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut.jpg 1484w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut-800x577.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41469_1.-Setsuko-and-Bill-in-class-picture-qut-1020x736.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1484px) 100vw, 1484px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A photo of Shirley Ann Higuchi's parents at Heart Mountain where they met. Setsuko, her mother, is fourth from the right on the front row, and Bill, her father, is sitting to her left. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Heart Mountain Wyoming Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>On What It'\u003c/b>\u003cb>s Like for the Children and Grandchildren of Incarcerees to Visit Heart Mountain \u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was a different tone when you got them off to the side and asked them what it was like to be there. It was less swapping of memories and light. It was more trying to piece together the more why and how. Some people were there with their elderly parents, but some people were there who’ve lost their parents and were there to learn more about what had happened from what they pieced together from family stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Shirley Ann Higuchi. She now at once recognizes that [incarceration] is how her parents came together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"But [if it wasn't] for that incarceration, I wouldn’t be here talking to you. When they bumped into each other years later at UC Berkeley, their faces looked identical to when they were kids. That recognition turned into a love affair and marriage,\" Higuchi told Sale.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was able to feel more anger about the incarceration than her mother was ever able to express during her lifetime. She talked a lot about how her mother was controlling, even when Shirley was an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802878\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11802878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41471_ShirleySpeaking_Photo-by-Julie-Abo-qut-1020x678.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shirley Ann Higuchi addresses attendees at the annual pilgrimage to Heart Mountain. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Heart Mountain Wyoming Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"The psychologist turned to me, and says, 'Shirley, of course your mother's controlling. She was ripped from her home and put in a prison camp pre-adolesence, and she walked everything, and you're wondering why she's controlling? It would be strange if your mother wasn't controlling,'\" \u003c/em>\u003cem>Higuchi told Sale.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually said to Shirley, 'I love that you come to these pilgrimages and one of the things you talk to other children of incarcerees is 'How do your parents drive you crazy?' It wasn't something that I intuitively anticipated hearing. But of course, the ways people who were incarcerated at Heart Mountain raised their children affected not just Shirley's family, but lots of families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[After hearing her mother gloss over her experiences at Heart Mountain for so many years,] Shirley learned something surprising after her mother's death. [She] had been sending money to create a memorial and museum at the site of the former incarceration center [which was built in 2011]. Shirley discovered that her mother had stayed in touch and had been quite active in the effort to remember what had happened there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversation that was happening at the pilgrimage was not just about the past. It was about what this means today. I heard from former incarcerees and their children and grandchildren talking about the ways the current political environment makes them think about this history and the obligation and responsibility they have to talk about what happened, and to make sure this doesn't happen again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Robel Sletsion, an asylee from Eritrea who’s now a U.S. citizen, applied months ago for an immigrant visa for his wife, Tehaguas, who’s also Eritrean. The couple planned to live in Oakland together, where Sletsion works as a plumber and pipe fitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the couple’s plans to reunite are now in shambles after President Trump expanded his travel ban to cover six more countries, including Eritrea. The new restrictions went into effect Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very hard. I don’t know how long it’s going to be,” said Sletsion, 34. “I don’t know if she can come. I don’t know if I’m allowed to get her here and live a happy life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to thousands of immigrants from countries targeted by the Trump administration’s new travel restrictions. The policy makes it difficult for American citizens to bring spouses, children and other relatives from the affected nations to live in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is banning new immigrant visas to permanently move here for nationals of Eritrea, Myanmar, Kyrgyzstan and Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa. Citizens of Sudan and Tanzania will no longer be able to gain residency in the U.S through a diversity visa lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policy widens the controversial travel ban that has been in place since 2017 on five Muslim-majority nations — Libya, Somalia, Iran, Syria and Yemen — as well as for certain citizens of North Korea and Venezuela.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees and asylees are exempted from the restrictions. And those with green cards or visas in hand will not be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sletsion’s wife does not yet have a U.S. visa, since her application is pending. Because of the new restrictions, Tehaguas may not be able to come live with him here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Sletsion can’t return safely to Eritrea, he said, because he fled political persecution in that country after the army forcibly conscripted him when he was a teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Haregu Gaime, immigration attorney\"]‘It’s horrifying, people are scared that they will not be able to reunite with their family members.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a dictatorial government and it was very dangerous for me to live there. So I left,” said Sletsion, who arrived in the U.S. 11 years ago. “I’m very grateful to have a peaceful life here in this country. But this [order by the president] is very unfortunate. If somebody can help, please help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the couple’s only hope to reunite is to get a waiver of the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those exceptions are very hard to get, Sletsion learned at an event attended by dozens of other Eritrean immigrants at an Oakland library in the Temescal neighborhood last Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no formal application to request a waiver, attorneys at the event said. And U.S. citizens must show they’ll suffer undue hardship if their relative is denied a visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s horrifying, people are scared that they will not be able to reunite with their family members,” said immigration attorney Haregu Gaime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions will impact Eritreans particularly hard, she said, as the Trump administration has already discontinued visas for students, tourists and business purposes. Those previous limitations are due to that country’s “lack of cooperation” in accepting their nationals who were ordered deported from the U.S., according to the Department of State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now “Eritreans are not allowed to enter the United States, is essentially what this government is saying,” said Gaime, who initially arrived in the U.S. as a 5-year-old Eritrean refugee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 8,100 Eritreans live in California, with a third of them residing in Alameda County alone, according to census figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said the travel restrictions were imposed because the countries did not meet U.S. security criteria and have deficiencies in sharing terrorist, criminal or identity information. As a result, American officials can’t verify the true identity of all applicants from those nations, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As President, I must continue to act to protect the security and interests of the United States and its people,” said Trump in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-improving-enhanced-vetting-capabilities-processes-detecting-attempted-entry/\">Jan. 31 proclamation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban expansion comes as African immigrants have surged in numbers in recent decades to more than 2 million nationwide, with the largest share of that population being born in Nigeria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ismael Okunade, co-owner of Miliki Restaurant in Oakland’s Laurel neighborhood, is one of the estimated 36,000 Nigerian immigrants living in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of Okunade’s customers were shocked by the new travel restrictions, he said, because Nigeria, Africa’s biggest economy, is a business partner to the U.S. And culturally, Nigerians are very influenced by America, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to Nigeria, the kids, everybody is Americanized,” said Okunade, who immigrated nearly 40 years ago and became a U.S. citizen. “Nigeria is actually like, you put New York in Lagos. It’s the same thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802731\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11802731 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ismael Okunade works at the restaurant he owns in Oakland on Feb. 12, 2020. Many of his Nigerian customers were surprised by the travel ban expansion affecting their home country, he said. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Okunade believes a blanket ban on immigrant visas is unnecessary, because every Nigerian approved to come live in the U.S. already goes through extensive screening by American officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that easy to get a visa. So they must have vetted people very well before they can get one,” he said. “So to me, it doesn’t make any sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his proclamation, President Trump said he decided to continue allowing temporary travelers — such as tourists and students — to reduce the number of people impacted. Immigrant visas were prioritized, he said, because it’s more difficult to deport an individual from the U.S. if they already have permanent legal residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Haregu Gaime, immigration attorney\"]‘Do not lose hope. Keep filing those applications and apply for those waivers … do what you need to do, because this country belongs to all of us.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics of the restrictions questioned why the U.S. would ban new immigrant visas in the name of national security but then allow temporary visitors from the targeted countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t seem to fit the rationale that we are being fed, that this is because of security threats or because we can’t authenticate documents,” said Babak Yousefzadeh, president emeritus of the Iranian American Bar Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is clearly a discriminatory policy on the basis of ethnicity or national origin or religion,” said Yousefzadeh, a San Francisco attorney representing plaintiffs in a federal lawsuit which argues that the government’s promise to implement a “robust” waiver process is hollow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the initial travel restrictions went into effect, there were mass denials of waivers and only two people were able to obtain the exceptions, according to the lawsuit. But the government has granted more waivers since: A third of the 60,000 petitions considered were approved between December 2017 and 2019, according to the State Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the government has not provided clear criteria or guidelines to apply for waivers, and the process remains “opaque and arbitrary,” said Yousefzadeh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed a version of the original travel ban to go into effect while lower courts consider whether it is constitutional. Last month, the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Virginia heard arguments from the ACLU and other organizations challenging the ban.\u003cbr>\n[aside tag=\"travel-ban\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the pending lawsuits, the Council on American-Islamic Relations and other advocacy organizations “are exploring all the options available to them” on the expanded travel restrictions, said Zahra Billoo, who directs \u003ca href=\"https://www.cair.com\">CAIR\u003c/a>’s San Francisco Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that more countries are being added, that means that more people will be targeted. And so my colleagues are exploring whether or not additional legal challenges are possible,” said Billoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizens and green card holders ordinarily have a right to sponsor their family members abroad to come live with them. At the information session for Eritreans in Oakland, immigration lawyer Gaime said the travel restrictions interfere with that. But she asked those affected to be persistent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do not lose hope. Keep filing those applications and apply for those waivers … do what you need to do, because this country belongs to all of us,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizer Meron Semedar, also an Eritrean asylee, had another recommendation for naturalized U.S. citizens at the event hoping to roll back the travel restrictions: register and vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When issues like today, like the [travel] ban come, how do you address it? If you are a citizen you can address it at the ballot, too,” said Semedar, who recently became an American citizen. “Who knows? By voting against Trump, we might have him out of office by November. And that has an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Robel Sletsion, an asylee from Eritrea who’s now a U.S. citizen, applied months ago for an immigrant visa for his wife, Tehaguas, who’s also Eritrean. The couple planned to live in Oakland together, where Sletsion works as a plumber and pipe fitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the couple’s plans to reunite are now in shambles after President Trump expanded his travel ban to cover six more countries, including Eritrea. The new restrictions went into effect Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very hard. I don’t know how long it’s going to be,” said Sletsion, 34. “I don’t know if she can come. I don’t know if I’m allowed to get her here and live a happy life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to thousands of immigrants from countries targeted by the Trump administration’s new travel restrictions. The policy makes it difficult for American citizens to bring spouses, children and other relatives from the affected nations to live in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is banning new immigrant visas to permanently move here for nationals of Eritrea, Myanmar, Kyrgyzstan and Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa. Citizens of Sudan and Tanzania will no longer be able to gain residency in the U.S through a diversity visa lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policy widens the controversial travel ban that has been in place since 2017 on five Muslim-majority nations — Libya, Somalia, Iran, Syria and Yemen — as well as for certain citizens of North Korea and Venezuela.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees and asylees are exempted from the restrictions. And those with green cards or visas in hand will not be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sletsion’s wife does not yet have a U.S. visa, since her application is pending. Because of the new restrictions, Tehaguas may not be able to come live with him here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Sletsion can’t return safely to Eritrea, he said, because he fled political persecution in that country after the army forcibly conscripted him when he was a teen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a dictatorial government and it was very dangerous for me to live there. So I left,” said Sletsion, who arrived in the U.S. 11 years ago. “I’m very grateful to have a peaceful life here in this country. But this [order by the president] is very unfortunate. If somebody can help, please help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the couple’s only hope to reunite is to get a waiver of the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those exceptions are very hard to get, Sletsion learned at an event attended by dozens of other Eritrean immigrants at an Oakland library in the Temescal neighborhood last Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no formal application to request a waiver, attorneys at the event said. And U.S. citizens must show they’ll suffer undue hardship if their relative is denied a visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s horrifying, people are scared that they will not be able to reunite with their family members,” said immigration attorney Haregu Gaime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions will impact Eritreans particularly hard, she said, as the Trump administration has already discontinued visas for students, tourists and business purposes. Those previous limitations are due to that country’s “lack of cooperation” in accepting their nationals who were ordered deported from the U.S., according to the Department of State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now “Eritreans are not allowed to enter the United States, is essentially what this government is saying,” said Gaime, who initially arrived in the U.S. as a 5-year-old Eritrean refugee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 8,100 Eritreans live in California, with a third of them residing in Alameda County alone, according to census figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said the travel restrictions were imposed because the countries did not meet U.S. security criteria and have deficiencies in sharing terrorist, criminal or identity information. As a result, American officials can’t verify the true identity of all applicants from those nations, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As President, I must continue to act to protect the security and interests of the United States and its people,” said Trump in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-improving-enhanced-vetting-capabilities-processes-detecting-attempted-entry/\">Jan. 31 proclamation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban expansion comes as African immigrants have surged in numbers in recent decades to more than 2 million nationwide, with the largest share of that population being born in Nigeria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ismael Okunade, co-owner of Miliki Restaurant in Oakland’s Laurel neighborhood, is one of the estimated 36,000 Nigerian immigrants living in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of Okunade’s customers were shocked by the new travel restrictions, he said, because Nigeria, Africa’s biggest economy, is a business partner to the U.S. And culturally, Nigerians are very influenced by America, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go to Nigeria, the kids, everybody is Americanized,” said Okunade, who immigrated nearly 40 years ago and became a U.S. citizen. “Nigeria is actually like, you put New York in Lagos. It’s the same thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11802731\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11802731 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41459_IMG_1990-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ismael Okunade works at the restaurant he owns in Oakland on Feb. 12, 2020. Many of his Nigerian customers were surprised by the travel ban expansion affecting their home country, he said. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Okunade believes a blanket ban on immigrant visas is unnecessary, because every Nigerian approved to come live in the U.S. already goes through extensive screening by American officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that easy to get a visa. So they must have vetted people very well before they can get one,” he said. “So to me, it doesn’t make any sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his proclamation, President Trump said he decided to continue allowing temporary travelers — such as tourists and students — to reduce the number of people impacted. Immigrant visas were prioritized, he said, because it’s more difficult to deport an individual from the U.S. if they already have permanent legal residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Do not lose hope. Keep filing those applications and apply for those waivers … do what you need to do, because this country belongs to all of us.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics of the restrictions questioned why the U.S. would ban new immigrant visas in the name of national security but then allow temporary visitors from the targeted countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t seem to fit the rationale that we are being fed, that this is because of security threats or because we can’t authenticate documents,” said Babak Yousefzadeh, president emeritus of the Iranian American Bar Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is clearly a discriminatory policy on the basis of ethnicity or national origin or religion,” said Yousefzadeh, a San Francisco attorney representing plaintiffs in a federal lawsuit which argues that the government’s promise to implement a “robust” waiver process is hollow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the initial travel restrictions went into effect, there were mass denials of waivers and only two people were able to obtain the exceptions, according to the lawsuit. But the government has granted more waivers since: A third of the 60,000 petitions considered were approved between December 2017 and 2019, according to the State Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the government has not provided clear criteria or guidelines to apply for waivers, and the process remains “opaque and arbitrary,” said Yousefzadeh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed a version of the original travel ban to go into effect while lower courts consider whether it is constitutional. Last month, the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Virginia heard arguments from the ACLU and other organizations challenging the ban.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the pending lawsuits, the Council on American-Islamic Relations and other advocacy organizations “are exploring all the options available to them” on the expanded travel restrictions, said Zahra Billoo, who directs \u003ca href=\"https://www.cair.com\">CAIR\u003c/a>’s San Francisco Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that more countries are being added, that means that more people will be targeted. And so my colleagues are exploring whether or not additional legal challenges are possible,” said Billoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizens and green card holders ordinarily have a right to sponsor their family members abroad to come live with them. At the information session for Eritreans in Oakland, immigration lawyer Gaime said the travel restrictions interfere with that. But she asked those affected to be persistent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do not lose hope. Keep filing those applications and apply for those waivers … do what you need to do, because this country belongs to all of us,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizer Meron Semedar, also an Eritrean asylee, had another recommendation for naturalized U.S. citizens at the event hoping to roll back the travel restrictions: register and vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When issues like today, like the [travel] ban come, how do you address it? If you are a citizen you can address it at the ballot, too,” said Semedar, who recently became an American citizen. “Who knows? By voting against Trump, we might have him out of office by November. And that has an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland's Police Commission voted unanimously to dismiss Police Chief Anne Kirkpatrick in a closed session meeting Thursday evening, a decision joined by Mayor Libby Schaaf, who said the trust between the civilian oversight body and the chief had been \"irrevocably lost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Police Commission, created by voter approval of Measure LL in 2016, has the power to unilaterally fire a police chief for cause. Kirkpatrick was terminated without cause, which requires Schaaf's sign-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Libby Schaaf, Oakland Mayor\"]'I must respect the authority and the role of our independent Police Commission. I must respect key stakeholders who must have trust in our police chief.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I must respect the authority and the role of our independent Police Commission,\" Schaaf said at a press conference Thursday evening. \"I must respect key stakeholders who must have trust in our police chief.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf said she did not regret hiring Kirkpatrick, who took the job in early 2017 with a bold pledge to satisfy federal court oversight of the Police Department, which has been in place for 17 years. Since then, the federal court's monitor has repeatedly found Kirkpatrick's leadership lacking, notably \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731203/federal-monitor-calls-opd-chiefs-take-on-shooting-disappointing-wants-stiffer-discipline\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">clashing\u003c/a> with the chief over her attempt to reduce discipline for officers who fatally shot a homeless man as he began to wake up in March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal monitor Robert Warshaw did not oppose Kirkpatrick's removal, Schaaf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since the Commission's inception, the Commissioners, along with the rest of the citizens of the City of Oakland, observed the Oakland Police Department's failure to increase compliance with the court-ordered reforms,\" Police Commission Chair Regina Jackson said in a written statement. \"Our new Chief must address use-of-force issues and end the need for a court-appointed monitor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, in an interview, Jackson said the decision was not a dramatic move. \"Over the last two and a half years of working with the chief, we have become increasingly uncomfortable to the point that we've lost confidence in her ability to get us where we needed to go.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson added that the community \"never had much trust\" in Kirkpatrick and that they continually asked for the chief's termination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor noted that Kirkpatrick was hired \"in the wake of a shameful episode\" — several OPD officers' \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11078483/oakland-seeks-to-fire-4-police-officers-discipline-7-in-sexual-exploitation-scandal\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">sexual exploitation\u003c/a> of a teenager — and praised her for bringing steady leadership that stabilized the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland hired Kirkpatrick after former Police Chief Sean Whent, and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10992840/a-department-in-crisis-yet-another-oakland-police-chief-removed\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">succession\u003c/a> of two replacements left the post within a week in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Police Officers' Association President Barry Donelan called the decision disappointing. He also criticized the Police Commission and mayor in a written statement, calling the city's police chief position \"the most difficult Chief's job in the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[F]ighting for Oakland's residents and Police Officers alike does not endear you to Oakland's unelected Police Commissioners and our Mayor,\" Donelan said. \"These events don't bode well for public safety in Oakland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorney Jim Chanin, who brought forward the Oakland Riders case that resulted in the Police Department needing to make reforms, said it was time for change when asked about his reaction to Kirkpatrick's firing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Barry Donelan, Oakland Police Officers' Association President\"]'These events don't bode well for public safety in Oakland.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Kirkpatrick] was not moving the department in the right direction,\" Chanin said. \"We were going further and further from full compliance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Kalb, the Oakland City councilmember who authored Measure LL, which allowed the Police Commission to fire Kirkpatrick with the mayor's blessing, said he was surprised by the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew there was some disagreements or some even some tension between many of the commissioners and the police chief, but I did not expect the firing of our police chief,\" Kalb said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kalb said he respects the commission's decision. He also said Kirkpatrick's three years in the police chief position is a \"decent amount of time\" for the department to make mandated reforms, and in recent years, he said there's been concern that the department was regressing in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under this chief they made progress on one or two [of the reforms], but they also backtracked on a couple,\" Kalb said. \"So I think the commission was feeling frustrated that, in a couple of areas, the department was backtracking ... and that's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers raised concerns that Kirkpatrick's firing illustrates the lack of leadership consistency within the Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Jim Chanin, civil rights attorney\"]'You're going to have to do things that some people don't like in order to make this department go in the direction that we want it to go, it's not about pleasing everybody.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a cost in turnover, but there is also a cost in keeping someone when we're not making progress,\" Chanin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisberg, co-chair of Stanford's Criminal Justice Center, said Kirkpatrick had to walk a fine line when trying to meet the demands of the federal monitor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's sad because I think she is a very well-regarded police chief and had a fair amount of trust, from the line officers,\" Weisberg said. \"It seems that she just had trouble navigating her way through the conflicting forces aligned against her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Weisberg and Chanin said whoever steps into the police chief position will have a difficult job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're going to have to do things that some people don't like in order to make this department go in the direction that we want it to go, it's not about pleasing everybody,\" Chanin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weisberg said the position is an \"extremely unattractive job\" and a \"no-win situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You walk in with a shadow over what you’re doing because you’re walking into a court injunction,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she was dismissed without cause, Kirkpatrick may be eligible for a year's salary in severance pay, Schaaf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Chief Darren Allison will serve as acting police chief while Oakland conducts a national search for a permanent replacement for Kirkpatrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Raquel Maria Dillon, Alex Emslie, Marnette Federis, Mina Kim and Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I must respect the authority and the role of our independent Police Commission,\" Schaaf said at a press conference Thursday evening. \"I must respect key stakeholders who must have trust in our police chief.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf said she did not regret hiring Kirkpatrick, who took the job in early 2017 with a bold pledge to satisfy federal court oversight of the Police Department, which has been in place for 17 years. Since then, the federal court's monitor has repeatedly found Kirkpatrick's leadership lacking, notably \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731203/federal-monitor-calls-opd-chiefs-take-on-shooting-disappointing-wants-stiffer-discipline\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">clashing\u003c/a> with the chief over her attempt to reduce discipline for officers who fatally shot a homeless man as he began to wake up in March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal monitor Robert Warshaw did not oppose Kirkpatrick's removal, Schaaf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since the Commission's inception, the Commissioners, along with the rest of the citizens of the City of Oakland, observed the Oakland Police Department's failure to increase compliance with the court-ordered reforms,\" Police Commission Chair Regina Jackson said in a written statement. \"Our new Chief must address use-of-force issues and end the need for a court-appointed monitor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, in an interview, Jackson said the decision was not a dramatic move. \"Over the last two and a half years of working with the chief, we have become increasingly uncomfortable to the point that we've lost confidence in her ability to get us where we needed to go.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson added that the community \"never had much trust\" in Kirkpatrick and that they continually asked for the chief's termination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor noted that Kirkpatrick was hired \"in the wake of a shameful episode\" — several OPD officers' \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11078483/oakland-seeks-to-fire-4-police-officers-discipline-7-in-sexual-exploitation-scandal\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">sexual exploitation\u003c/a> of a teenager — and praised her for bringing steady leadership that stabilized the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland hired Kirkpatrick after former Police Chief Sean Whent, and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10992840/a-department-in-crisis-yet-another-oakland-police-chief-removed\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">succession\u003c/a> of two replacements left the post within a week in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Police Officers' Association President Barry Donelan called the decision disappointing. He also criticized the Police Commission and mayor in a written statement, calling the city's police chief position \"the most difficult Chief's job in the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[F]ighting for Oakland's residents and Police Officers alike does not endear you to Oakland's unelected Police Commissioners and our Mayor,\" Donelan said. \"These events don't bode well for public safety in Oakland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorney Jim Chanin, who brought forward the Oakland Riders case that resulted in the Police Department needing to make reforms, said it was time for change when asked about his reaction to Kirkpatrick's firing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Kirkpatrick] was not moving the department in the right direction,\" Chanin said. \"We were going further and further from full compliance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Kalb, the Oakland City councilmember who authored Measure LL, which allowed the Police Commission to fire Kirkpatrick with the mayor's blessing, said he was surprised by the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew there was some disagreements or some even some tension between many of the commissioners and the police chief, but I did not expect the firing of our police chief,\" Kalb said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kalb said he respects the commission's decision. He also said Kirkpatrick's three years in the police chief position is a \"decent amount of time\" for the department to make mandated reforms, and in recent years, he said there's been concern that the department was regressing in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under this chief they made progress on one or two [of the reforms], but they also backtracked on a couple,\" Kalb said. \"So I think the commission was feeling frustrated that, in a couple of areas, the department was backtracking ... and that's a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some observers raised concerns that Kirkpatrick's firing illustrates the lack of leadership consistency within the Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a cost in turnover, but there is also a cost in keeping someone when we're not making progress,\" Chanin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Weisberg, co-chair of Stanford's Criminal Justice Center, said Kirkpatrick had to walk a fine line when trying to meet the demands of the federal monitor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's sad because I think she is a very well-regarded police chief and had a fair amount of trust, from the line officers,\" Weisberg said. \"It seems that she just had trouble navigating her way through the conflicting forces aligned against her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Weisberg and Chanin said whoever steps into the police chief position will have a difficult job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're going to have to do things that some people don't like in order to make this department go in the direction that we want it to go, it's not about pleasing everybody,\" Chanin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weisberg said the position is an \"extremely unattractive job\" and a \"no-win situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You walk in with a shadow over what you’re doing because you’re walking into a court injunction,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she was dismissed without cause, Kirkpatrick may be eligible for a year's salary in severance pay, Schaaf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy Chief Darren Allison will serve as acting police chief while Oakland conducts a national search for a permanent replacement for Kirkpatrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Raquel Maria Dillon, Alex Emslie, Marnette Federis, Mina Kim and Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Will Pay $50M in Lawsuit Claiming it Violated Kids' Rights by Not Teaching Them to Read",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state of California on Thursday agreed to settle a years-long, high-profile lawsuit that accused the state of depriving low-income students of color of their constitutional right to a basic education — by failing to teach them reading skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under an agreement reached with the plaintiffs in the complaint, \u003ca href=\"https://media2.mofo.com/documents/171205-ellla-t-v-california-complaint.pdf\">Ella T. v. State of California\u003c/a>, the state will provide $50 million specifically to improve literacy in the 75 California elementary schools with the highest concentration of third-graders scoring in the bottom tier of the state’s standardized reading exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mark Rosenbaum, lead attorney in the lawsuit\"]‘We brought this case because achievement of literacy for all children remains the single most urgent crisis in California today.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement, part of which needs the Legislature’s approval, also requires the state to advise public schools how to reduce disparities in discipline of students of color, according to an outline of the agreement provided by Public Counsel, the pro-bono firm representing the suit’s plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Counsel celebrated Superior Court Judge Rupert Byrdsong’s approval of the settlement, calling it “a historic first step forward towards affirming the (right to literacy) for all children in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We brought this case because achievement of literacy for all children remains the single most urgent crisis in California today,” Mark Rosenbaum, Public Counsel’s lead attorney in the lawsuit, said in prepared remarks. “This settlement is a milestone in that struggle. It is not the endpoint, nor was it ever intended to be. No one — and I’m sure Governor (Gavin) Newsom, State Board of Education President (Linda) Darling-Hammond, and (State) Superintendent (Tony) Thurmond agree — should take this as the last word, or anything close.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicky Waters, a press secretary for the governor, said in a statement: “California is committed to closing opportunity gaps by directing extra support and resources to school districts and schools that serve students who need extra help.” She noted that California rejiggered its school funding formula in 2013 to target additional money to schools with a greater share of disadvantaged students, and added that Newsom’s 2020-21 budget would steer $600 million in “opportunity grants” to low-performing, high-poverty schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s announced settlement builds further on these proposed investments and focuses on strengthening early literacy programs, which are critical to a child’s later success in school,” Waters said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/achievement-gap-california-explainer-schools-education-disparities-explained/\">California’s attempts at reform have led to mixed results\u003c/a>: While some gaps in achievement have narrowed, the gap between black students and their white and Asian peers has remained mostly stagnant. The slow improvement in results has fueled growing calls from some legislators and civil rights advocates to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2020/01/follow-the-money-are-changes-coming-for-california-school-funding-law/\">strengthen oversight\u003c/a> of how school districts spend extra money intended for students who are low-income, English learners and in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Introduced in Los Angeles County Superior Court in December 2017, the lawsuit listed the California Department of Education and State Board of Education as defendants. Plaintiffs claimed it was the “first in the nation” to seek to establish access to literacy as a constitutional right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs included current and former students of three California elementary schools with some of the lowest reading proficiency marks in California: La Salle Avenue Elementary in Los Angeles Unified School District, Van Buren Elementary in Stockton Unified and the Inglewood charter school Children of Promise Preparatory Academy. The suit sought to hold the state responsible for the students’ poor literacy, noting that 11 of the country’s 26 lowest-performing large school districts were based in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella T., a 7-year-old black student at La Salle Elementary when the complaint was introduced, did not receive the “intensive support” and interventions she needed by the time she left first grade reading below kindergarten level, according to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='schools']Several other students of color represented in the complaint also were several grade levels behind in reading literacy. One black student who attended La Salle, identified in the suit as 11-year-old Russell W., did a book report for his fifth-grade class on “The Cat in the Hat,” a book meant for kindergarten readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s settlement did not establish any precedent over whether students have a constitutional right to access to literacy, plaintiffs’ attorneys said. But they added that the settlement doesn’t ban them from suing the state over the issue again if it doesn’t follow through on improving literacy for disadvantaged students — the complaint’s central issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide reading and math proficiency under the Smarter Balanced exam has inched up about an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2019/10/california-schools-test-scores-2019-achievement-gap-caaspp-smarter-balanced/\">average of 1 percentage point each year\u003c/a> since the test debuted in 2015. About 51% of California students read at grade level, but there \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/achievement-gap-california-explainer-schools-education-disparities-explained/\">remain yawning racial and ethnic gaps\u003c/a> in reading literacy and student achievement — even more so when student poverty is taken into consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In third-grade reading, for example, about 26% of the state’s economically disadvantaged black students read at grade level in 2019. At the time the complaint was filed, only 3% of third-graders at La Salle were proficient in reading, compared with 7% at Van Buren and 10% at the Children of Promise charter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state of California on Thursday agreed to settle a years-long, high-profile lawsuit that accused the state of depriving low-income students of color of their constitutional right to a basic education — by failing to teach them reading skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under an agreement reached with the plaintiffs in the complaint, \u003ca href=\"https://media2.mofo.com/documents/171205-ellla-t-v-california-complaint.pdf\">Ella T. v. State of California\u003c/a>, the state will provide $50 million specifically to improve literacy in the 75 California elementary schools with the highest concentration of third-graders scoring in the bottom tier of the state’s standardized reading exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement, part of which needs the Legislature’s approval, also requires the state to advise public schools how to reduce disparities in discipline of students of color, according to an outline of the agreement provided by Public Counsel, the pro-bono firm representing the suit’s plaintiffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Counsel celebrated Superior Court Judge Rupert Byrdsong’s approval of the settlement, calling it “a historic first step forward towards affirming the (right to literacy) for all children in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We brought this case because achievement of literacy for all children remains the single most urgent crisis in California today,” Mark Rosenbaum, Public Counsel’s lead attorney in the lawsuit, said in prepared remarks. “This settlement is a milestone in that struggle. It is not the endpoint, nor was it ever intended to be. No one — and I’m sure Governor (Gavin) Newsom, State Board of Education President (Linda) Darling-Hammond, and (State) Superintendent (Tony) Thurmond agree — should take this as the last word, or anything close.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicky Waters, a press secretary for the governor, said in a statement: “California is committed to closing opportunity gaps by directing extra support and resources to school districts and schools that serve students who need extra help.” She noted that California rejiggered its school funding formula in 2013 to target additional money to schools with a greater share of disadvantaged students, and added that Newsom’s 2020-21 budget would steer $600 million in “opportunity grants” to low-performing, high-poverty schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s announced settlement builds further on these proposed investments and focuses on strengthening early literacy programs, which are critical to a child’s later success in school,” Waters said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/achievement-gap-california-explainer-schools-education-disparities-explained/\">California’s attempts at reform have led to mixed results\u003c/a>: While some gaps in achievement have narrowed, the gap between black students and their white and Asian peers has remained mostly stagnant. The slow improvement in results has fueled growing calls from some legislators and civil rights advocates to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2020/01/follow-the-money-are-changes-coming-for-california-school-funding-law/\">strengthen oversight\u003c/a> of how school districts spend extra money intended for students who are low-income, English learners and in foster care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Introduced in Los Angeles County Superior Court in December 2017, the lawsuit listed the California Department of Education and State Board of Education as defendants. Plaintiffs claimed it was the “first in the nation” to seek to establish access to literacy as a constitutional right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs included current and former students of three California elementary schools with some of the lowest reading proficiency marks in California: La Salle Avenue Elementary in Los Angeles Unified School District, Van Buren Elementary in Stockton Unified and the Inglewood charter school Children of Promise Preparatory Academy. The suit sought to hold the state responsible for the students’ poor literacy, noting that 11 of the country’s 26 lowest-performing large school districts were based in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella T., a 7-year-old black student at La Salle Elementary when the complaint was introduced, did not receive the “intensive support” and interventions she needed by the time she left first grade reading below kindergarten level, according to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Several other students of color represented in the complaint also were several grade levels behind in reading literacy. One black student who attended La Salle, identified in the suit as 11-year-old Russell W., did a book report for his fifth-grade class on “The Cat in the Hat,” a book meant for kindergarten readers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s settlement did not establish any precedent over whether students have a constitutional right to access to literacy, plaintiffs’ attorneys said. But they added that the settlement doesn’t ban them from suing the state over the issue again if it doesn’t follow through on improving literacy for disadvantaged students — the complaint’s central issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide reading and math proficiency under the Smarter Balanced exam has inched up about an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2019/10/california-schools-test-scores-2019-achievement-gap-caaspp-smarter-balanced/\">average of 1 percentage point each year\u003c/a> since the test debuted in 2015. About 51% of California students read at grade level, but there \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/achievement-gap-california-explainer-schools-education-disparities-explained/\">remain yawning racial and ethnic gaps\u003c/a> in reading literacy and student achievement — even more so when student poverty is taken into consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In third-grade reading, for example, about 26% of the state’s economically disadvantaged black students read at grade level in 2019. At the time the complaint was filed, only 3% of third-graders at La Salle were proficient in reading, compared with 7% at Van Buren and 10% at the Children of Promise charter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Lawmakers Apologize for U.S. Internment of Japanese Americans",
"title": "California Lawmakers Apologize for U.S. Internment of Japanese Americans",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>It has been just over 78 years since President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order authorizing the internment of Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California lawmakers are apologizing for the role the state played in rounding up \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/19/516115506/75-years-later-americans-still-bear-scars-of-internment-order\">about 120,000 people\u003c/a> — mainly U.S. citizens – and moving them into 10 camps, including two in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200HR77\" rel=\"noopener\">resolution\u003c/a>, which passed unanimously in the California Assembly Thursday, noted that a number of federal and state laws passed beginning in 1913 that discriminated against people of Japanese descent. The resolution also stated that, \"the Assembly apologizes to all Americans of Japanese ancestry for its past actions in support of the unjust exclusion, removal, and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, and for its failure to support and defend the civil rights and civil liberties of Japanese Americans during this period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Jeffrey Moy, National President of the Japanese American Citizens League\"]'You're talking about folks who were American citizens, who were forced to leave their homes, forced to leave most of their possessions behind, to leave their pets behind.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also stated: \"Given recent national events, it is all the more important to learn from the mistakes of the past and to ensure that such an assault on freedom will never again happen to any community in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Thursday's vote, the Assembly welcomed several people who were imprisoned in the camps and their families. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are specifically apologizing for wrongs that were committed on this floor,\" Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon said in the chamber. \"We are apologizing for what we have done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawmakers also gave somber statements and gathered at the entrance of the chamber after the vote to hug and shake hands with victims like 96-year-old Kiyo Sato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to remind [young people] that this can't happen again,\" Sato said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=74\">Roosevelt's order\u003c/a>, signed a little more than two months after the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, authorized the removal from the West Coast of all persons considered a threat to national security and their relocation to centers inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about folks who were American citizens, who were forced to leave their homes, forced to leave most of their possessions behind, to leave their pets behind,\" \u003ca href=\"https://jacl.org/\">Jeffrey Moy\u003c/a>, national president of the Japanese American Citizens League, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/807665162\">told NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine, he added, \"how much of a shock it was for people's rights to just be stripped from them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to make sure that we acknowledged our mistakes and hopefully learned from them,\" said Al Muratsuchi, the Assembly member who introduced the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrat, who represents \u003ca href=\"https://a66.asmdc.org/district-map\">a district\u003c/a> southwest of Los Angeles that includes Torrance and Manhattan Beach, said that such a reminder is important not just for the preservation of history. It's also important to note the \"striking parallels between what happened to Japanese Americans before and during World War II and what we see happening today,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not just the fearmongering rhetoric talking about the caravan [of migrants from Central America], or the images of children and families being held in cages, but we see what's happening to Muslim Americans. You know, after Pearl Harbor, the fear of the 'other' focused on Japanese Americans as potential spies; today, ever since 9/11, that same fear of the other has been focused on Muslim Americans as potential terrorists,\" Muratsuchi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It bears mentioning that such an apology is not novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the end of Ronald Reagan's presidency, he signed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/100th-congress/house-bill/442\">Civil Liberties Act\u003c/a> of 1988, which acknowledged that the internment of Japanese Americans was \"motivated by racial prejudice, wartime hysteria and a failure of political leadership.\" It provided $20,000 to each eligible survivor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Al Muratsuchi, California Assemblymember\"]'I wanted to make sure that we acknowledged our mistakes and hopefully learned from them.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also included a direct apology \"on behalf of the Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is most important in this bill has less to do with property than with honor,\" Reagan said at the time, \"for here, we admit a wrong. Here we reaffirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muratsuchi said survivors needed a separate apology from California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, during the years leading up to World War II, California was at the forefront and led the nation in so many ways in fanning the flames of racism and immigrant scapegoating against Japanese Americans,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807488154/california-legislature-considers-formal-apology-for-world-war-ii-japanese-intern\">he said\u003c/a>, pointing to efforts by state lawmakers decades before the war to \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_land_laws/\">limit or strip the legal rights\u003c/a> of Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt that it was important to document this uniquely Californian history of racism and immigrant scapegoating against Japanese Americans,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly measure is just the latest in a series of apologies the state has issued recently for its historical injustices against minority groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an executive order last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/6.18.19-Executive-Order.pdf\">formally apologized\u003c/a> on behalf of California for the state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/06/18/governor-newsom-issues-apology-to-native-americans-for-states-historical-wrongdoings-establishes-truth-and-healing-council/\">\"dark history\"\u003c/a> of violence and discrimination against Native Americans. Earlier this month, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/02/05/taking-on-historic-homophobia-in-justice-system-california-governor-newsom-launches-process-for-pardoning-people-prosecuted-for-being-gay/\">announced an initiative\u003c/a> to pardon LGBTQ people — including posthumously — who were prosecuted under a state law banning same-sex relationships, which were only \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/getting-rid-sodomy-laws-history-and-strategy-led-lawrence-decision\">decriminalized in 1975\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Gavin Newsom, California Governor\"]'A decision motivated by discrimination and xenophobia, the internment of Japanese Americans was a betrayal of our most sacred values as a nation that we must never repeat.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5079627\">apologized in 2006\u003c/a> for a program of illegal deportation that targeted Mexican Americans in the 1930s and issued \u003ca href=\"http://political-apologies.wlu.ca/details.php?table=doc_primary&id=400\">another apology\u003c/a> several years later to Chinese Americans for racist laws dating back to the 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A decision motivated by discrimination and xenophobia, the internment of Japanese Americans was a betrayal of our most sacred values as a nation that we must never repeat,\" Newsom said Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/02/19/governor-newsom-issues-proclamation-declaring-a-day-of-remembrance-japanese-american-evacuation-2-19-20/\">in a proclamation\u003c/a> declaring Feb. 19 — the anniversary of Roosevelt's executive order — to be a day of remembrance in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This stain on our history should remind us to always stand up for our fellow Americans, regardless of their national origin or immigration status, and protect the civil rights and liberties that we hold dear,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Ina Jaffe and The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Lawmakers+Expected+To+Apologize+For+U.S.+Internment+Of+Japanese+Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The California Assembly passed a resolution Thursday formally apologizing for the state's role in helping the U.S. government send Japanese Americans to internment camps during World War II.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It has been just over 78 years since President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order authorizing the internment of Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California lawmakers are apologizing for the role the state played in rounding up \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/19/516115506/75-years-later-americans-still-bear-scars-of-internment-order\">about 120,000 people\u003c/a> — mainly U.S. citizens – and moving them into 10 camps, including two in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200HR77\" rel=\"noopener\">resolution\u003c/a>, which passed unanimously in the California Assembly Thursday, noted that a number of federal and state laws passed beginning in 1913 that discriminated against people of Japanese descent. The resolution also stated that, \"the Assembly apologizes to all Americans of Japanese ancestry for its past actions in support of the unjust exclusion, removal, and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, and for its failure to support and defend the civil rights and civil liberties of Japanese Americans during this period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also stated: \"Given recent national events, it is all the more important to learn from the mistakes of the past and to ensure that such an assault on freedom will never again happen to any community in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Thursday's vote, the Assembly welcomed several people who were imprisoned in the camps and their families. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are specifically apologizing for wrongs that were committed on this floor,\" Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon said in the chamber. \"We are apologizing for what we have done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawmakers also gave somber statements and gathered at the entrance of the chamber after the vote to hug and shake hands with victims like 96-year-old Kiyo Sato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to remind [young people] that this can't happen again,\" Sato said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=74\">Roosevelt's order\u003c/a>, signed a little more than two months after the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor, authorized the removal from the West Coast of all persons considered a threat to national security and their relocation to centers inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about folks who were American citizens, who were forced to leave their homes, forced to leave most of their possessions behind, to leave their pets behind,\" \u003ca href=\"https://jacl.org/\">Jeffrey Moy\u003c/a>, national president of the Japanese American Citizens League, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/807665162\">told NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine, he added, \"how much of a shock it was for people's rights to just be stripped from them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to make sure that we acknowledged our mistakes and hopefully learned from them,\" said Al Muratsuchi, the Assembly member who introduced the resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrat, who represents \u003ca href=\"https://a66.asmdc.org/district-map\">a district\u003c/a> southwest of Los Angeles that includes Torrance and Manhattan Beach, said that such a reminder is important not just for the preservation of history. It's also important to note the \"striking parallels between what happened to Japanese Americans before and during World War II and what we see happening today,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not just the fearmongering rhetoric talking about the caravan [of migrants from Central America], or the images of children and families being held in cages, but we see what's happening to Muslim Americans. You know, after Pearl Harbor, the fear of the 'other' focused on Japanese Americans as potential spies; today, ever since 9/11, that same fear of the other has been focused on Muslim Americans as potential terrorists,\" Muratsuchi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It bears mentioning that such an apology is not novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the end of Ronald Reagan's presidency, he signed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/100th-congress/house-bill/442\">Civil Liberties Act\u003c/a> of 1988, which acknowledged that the internment of Japanese Americans was \"motivated by racial prejudice, wartime hysteria and a failure of political leadership.\" It provided $20,000 to each eligible survivor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also included a direct apology \"on behalf of the Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is most important in this bill has less to do with property than with honor,\" Reagan said at the time, \"for here, we admit a wrong. Here we reaffirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muratsuchi said survivors needed a separate apology from California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, during the years leading up to World War II, California was at the forefront and led the nation in so many ways in fanning the flames of racism and immigrant scapegoating against Japanese Americans,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807488154/california-legislature-considers-formal-apology-for-world-war-ii-japanese-intern\">he said\u003c/a>, pointing to efforts by state lawmakers decades before the war to \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_land_laws/\">limit or strip the legal rights\u003c/a> of Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt that it was important to document this uniquely Californian history of racism and immigrant scapegoating against Japanese Americans,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly measure is just the latest in a series of apologies the state has issued recently for its historical injustices against minority groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an executive order last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/6.18.19-Executive-Order.pdf\">formally apologized\u003c/a> on behalf of California for the state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/06/18/governor-newsom-issues-apology-to-native-americans-for-states-historical-wrongdoings-establishes-truth-and-healing-council/\">\"dark history\"\u003c/a> of violence and discrimination against Native Americans. Earlier this month, he also \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/02/05/taking-on-historic-homophobia-in-justice-system-california-governor-newsom-launches-process-for-pardoning-people-prosecuted-for-being-gay/\">announced an initiative\u003c/a> to pardon LGBTQ people — including posthumously — who were prosecuted under a state law banning same-sex relationships, which were only \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/getting-rid-sodomy-laws-history-and-strategy-led-lawrence-decision\">decriminalized in 1975\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5079627\">apologized in 2006\u003c/a> for a program of illegal deportation that targeted Mexican Americans in the 1930s and issued \u003ca href=\"http://political-apologies.wlu.ca/details.php?table=doc_primary&id=400\">another apology\u003c/a> several years later to Chinese Americans for racist laws dating back to the 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A decision motivated by discrimination and xenophobia, the internment of Japanese Americans was a betrayal of our most sacred values as a nation that we must never repeat,\" Newsom said Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/02/19/governor-newsom-issues-proclamation-declaring-a-day-of-remembrance-japanese-american-evacuation-2-19-20/\">in a proclamation\u003c/a> declaring Feb. 19 — the anniversary of Roosevelt's executive order — to be a day of remembrance in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This stain on our history should remind us to always stand up for our fellow Americans, regardless of their national origin or immigration status, and protect the civil rights and liberties that we hold dear,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Ina Jaffe and The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Lawmakers+Expected+To+Apologize+For+U.S.+Internment+Of+Japanese+Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>He built a football dynasty, then he paid a $400,000 bribe to get a Louisiana casino license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioredebartolopardon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">President Trump pardoned\u003c/a> former 49ers owner Eddie DeBartolo Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billionaire real estate developer was able to avoid prison time, but paid a $1 million fine and was on probation for two years in the late 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nod to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798447/sf-public-works-director-mohammed-nuru-arrested-by-fbi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more current local scandal\u003c/a>, remember that DeBartolo Jr. handed over a briefcase with $400,000 in $100 bills at San Francisco International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeBartolo Jr. was just one of 11 people — largely involved in \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/2/19/21142836/trump-blagojevich-kerik-milken-negron-debartolo-pardons-corruption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">corruption-related crimes\u003c/a> — granted commutations or pardons by the president on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He built a football dynasty, then he paid a $400,000 bribe to get a Louisiana casino license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioredebartolopardon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">President Trump pardoned\u003c/a> former 49ers owner Eddie DeBartolo Jr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billionaire real estate developer was able to avoid prison time, but paid a $1 million fine and was on probation for two years in the late 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nod to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798447/sf-public-works-director-mohammed-nuru-arrested-by-fbi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more current local scandal\u003c/a>, remember that DeBartolo Jr. handed over a briefcase with $400,000 in $100 bills at San Francisco International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeBartolo Jr. was just one of 11 people — largely involved in \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/2/19/21142836/trump-blagojevich-kerik-milken-negron-debartolo-pardons-corruption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">corruption-related crimes\u003c/a> — granted commutations or pardons by the president on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "9 Ways Trump Has Overhauled Immigration to the US",
"title": "9 Ways Trump Has Overhauled Immigration to the US",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>During President Trump's first term, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching and so broad that experts say the effects could last for years — even if he isn't reelected. Here are nine ways he has overhauled immigration in the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s pledge that he would build a wall on the Mexican border (and making Mexico pay for it) galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. The president declared a state of emergency and channeled billions more from the Defense Department to Homeland Security. Advocates and a group of states led by California sued, and federal judges in California and Texas ruled that Trump was wrong to flout the will of Congress. But conservative court majorities have recently allowed construction to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, NPR reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11729585\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11729585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019. \u003ccite>(GUILLERMO ARIAS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations blocking tens of thousands of migrants from requesting asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law says that people who reach the U.S., regardless of how they get here, can be granted asylum if they can prove a well-founded fear of persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, Trump issued a federal rule barring people from applying for asylum if they didn’t enter the country at an official port of entry. Federal courts have blocked the rule and the case is currently before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11773820\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11773820\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another rule, issued last July, made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed a “third country” on the way to the U.S. but didn’t apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court allowed that policy to take effect while a lower court in California hears a legal challenge. Few migrants from Central America and beyond have pursued asylum claims in Mexico, so they are virtually shut out at the southern border of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador signed agreements to receive and consider asylum-seekers that the U.S. sends them. So far, the Trump administration has flown scores of Hondurans and Salvadorans to Guatemala — despite the fact that 200,000 Guatemalans fled insecurity in their country last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, Homeland Security officials also sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. People in the so-called Remain in Mexico program have found it next to impossible to obtain U.S. immigration lawyers. Only 187 people in the program — or 0.3% — have won their cases, compared to 30% of all asylum seekers last year, according to researchers at Syracuse University. Currently an estimated 20,000 people are camped in Mexico’s most violent cities, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2-year-old Honduran asylum-seeker cries as her mother is searched and detained near the U.S.-Mexico border on June 12, 2018, in McAllen, Texas. The asylum-seekers had rafted across the Rio Grande from Mexico and were detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents before being sent to a processing center for possible separation. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps. Americans reacted to the sight of sobbing children with a broad, bipartisan backlash in 2018 that led President Trump to reverse the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began quietly in 2017 and increased in April 2018, after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who crossed the border without authorization.\u003cbr>\nIn 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a halt to the separations and the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11801732 label='the lasting impact of trump' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_immigration_chaparral-FINAL-08-qut-1020x678.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government never got near its stated goal of “zero tolerance.” At its highest point, in June 2018, Customs and Border Protection referred 33% of unlawful border crossers to the Department of Justice, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Sarah Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work legally — to more than 800,000 young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end the program, calling it an overreach of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California, DACA recipients and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place for current recipients while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is expected to rule this spring on whether the government followed administrative procedures when it tried to end DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement began reopening deportation cases against DACA recipients, according to a CNN investigation. In January, acting ICE director Matthew Albence confirmed the strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California, many with children of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11782817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sindy Ortiz Flores hugs her toddler for the first time in more than a month at San Francisco International Airport on Jan. 29, 2019, as cameras surround them. The baby, Grethshell Juliet, spent a month under government custody, after immigration authorities separated her from her father at the border. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an executive order in his first days in office, Trump wiped away the immigration enforcement priorities of Obama’s later years, which had focused narrowly on deporting violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by ICE who had no criminal record increased — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deportations of people arrested in the interior of the country have not reached Obama’s 2013 peak of more than 133,000. But nearly 86,000 people were deported last year, well above the 65,000 deportations in the last year of Obama’s presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also tried to withhold funding from so called “sanctuary cities” that limit law enforcement cooperation with ICE. The courts rejected that, but earlier in February the administration sued New Jersey and a county in Washington over sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772090\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11772090\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/ap_18344131910992_custom-f83e75e7ac1321965d24d2dc7e03407867be6324-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand in front of a secondary fence in San Diego, Calif., looking across the border wall toward Mexico.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as the expansion is being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, a broad range of non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, which some call a “wealth test,” saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants if their parents are afraid to apply for nutrition assistance and health care they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has also proposed almost doubling the fee to apply for citizenship, to $1170, while at the same time eliminating most fee waivers for low-income applicants. In December, a federal judge in San Francisco blocked the fee waiver rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the processing time for green cards and for citizenship has almost doubled between 2015 and 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has slashed the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected to 18,000 in 2020. That’s by far the lowest level since the Refugee Act was passed in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly 400,000 TPS holders could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has temporarily blocked the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter where they are currently living near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. She said they are on the waiting list to apply for asylum in the U.S. and must wait at the shelter for now.\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1200x767.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody — whether they are alone or accompanied by a parent — are protected by a two-decades-old legal settlement, known as the Flores agreement. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child-care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published federal rules aimed at replacing Flores, in order to allow long-term family detention — something the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts also ruled that the government must provide children with soap and water, adequate food and a place to sleep, regardless of crowding in border facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children died of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11797878,news_11796825,news_11785839]The Trump administration has increasingly used the immigration courts — which are part of the Justice Department — to speed up deportations. In 2018, then-Attorney general Jeff Sessions stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases, and setting a quota requiring every judge to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stepped-up immigration enforcement beginning under President George W. Bush has contributed to a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases — and Sessions’ order for judges to re-open administratively closed cases adds another 300,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an unbearable work environment and threatening due process for immigrants whose lives are in the balance. Dana Marks, former head of the National Association of Immigration Judges, said that she and her colleagues are asked to decide the equivalent of “death penalty cases in a traffic court setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>During President Trump's first term, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching and so broad that experts say the effects could last for years — even if he isn't reelected. Here are nine ways he has overhauled immigration in the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s pledge that he would build a wall on the Mexican border (and making Mexico pay for it) galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. The president declared a state of emergency and channeled billions more from the Defense Department to Homeland Security. Advocates and a group of states led by California sued, and federal judges in California and Texas ruled that Trump was wrong to flout the will of Congress. But conservative court majorities have recently allowed construction to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, NPR reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11729585\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11729585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/WallsDestroyed.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A border wall prototype is torn down at the U.S.-Mexico border, as seen from Tijuana, Mexico, on Feb. 27, 2019. \u003ccite>(GUILLERMO ARIAS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations blocking tens of thousands of migrants from requesting asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law says that people who reach the U.S., regardless of how they get here, can be granted asylum if they can prove a well-founded fear of persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, Trump issued a federal rule barring people from applying for asylum if they didn’t enter the country at an official port of entry. Federal courts have blocked the rule and the case is currently before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11773820\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11773820\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS34163_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People listen as a man calls out the names on a waiting list whose turn it is to walk to the U.S. border crossing in Tijuana where they will then ask for asylum. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another rule, issued last July, made people ineligible for asylum if they crossed a “third country” on the way to the U.S. but didn’t apply for protection there. The U.S. Supreme Court allowed that policy to take effect while a lower court in California hears a legal challenge. Few migrants from Central America and beyond have pursued asylum claims in Mexico, so they are virtually shut out at the southern border of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador signed agreements to receive and consider asylum-seekers that the U.S. sends them. So far, the Trump administration has flown scores of Hondurans and Salvadorans to Guatemala — despite the fact that 200,000 Guatemalans fled insecurity in their country last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, Homeland Security officials also sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. People in the so-called Remain in Mexico program have found it next to impossible to obtain U.S. immigration lawyers. Only 187 people in the program — or 0.3% — have won their cases, compared to 30% of all asylum seekers last year, according to researchers at Syracuse University. Currently an estimated 20,000 people are camped in Mexico’s most violent cities, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798867\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 2-year-old Honduran asylum-seeker cries as her mother is searched and detained near the U.S.-Mexico border on June 12, 2018, in McAllen, Texas. The asylum-seekers had rafted across the Rio Grande from Mexico and were detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents before being sent to a processing center for possible separation. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps. Americans reacted to the sight of sobbing children with a broad, bipartisan backlash in 2018 that led President Trump to reverse the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began quietly in 2017 and increased in April 2018, after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who crossed the border without authorization.\u003cbr>\nIn 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a halt to the separations and the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government never got near its stated goal of “zero tolerance.” At its highest point, in June 2018, Customs and Border Protection referred 33% of unlawful border crossers to the Department of Justice, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Sarah Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work legally — to more than 800,000 young undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end the program, calling it an overreach of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California, DACA recipients and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place for current recipients while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is expected to rule this spring on whether the government followed administrative procedures when it tried to end DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement began reopening deportation cases against DACA recipients, according to a CNN investigation. In January, acting ICE director Matthew Albence confirmed the strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California, many with children of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782817\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11782817\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS35002_Sindy_Ortiz_Flores_reunion_013019-qut.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sindy Ortiz Flores hugs her toddler for the first time in more than a month at San Francisco International Airport on Jan. 29, 2019, as cameras surround them. The baby, Grethshell Juliet, spent a month under government custody, after immigration authorities separated her from her father at the border. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an executive order in his first days in office, Trump wiped away the immigration enforcement priorities of Obama’s later years, which had focused narrowly on deporting violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by ICE who had no criminal record increased — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to the Migration Policy Institute’s Pierce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deportations of people arrested in the interior of the country have not reached Obama’s 2013 peak of more than 133,000. But nearly 86,000 people were deported last year, well above the 65,000 deportations in the last year of Obama’s presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also tried to withhold funding from so called “sanctuary cities” that limit law enforcement cooperation with ICE. The courts rejected that, but earlier in February the administration sued New Jersey and a county in Washington over sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772090\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11772090\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/ap_18344131910992_custom-f83e75e7ac1321965d24d2dc7e03407867be6324-800x492.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"492\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand in front of a secondary fence in San Diego, Calif., looking across the border wall toward Mexico.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as the expansion is being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, a broad range of non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, which some call a “wealth test,” saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants if their parents are afraid to apply for nutrition assistance and health care they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has also proposed almost doubling the fee to apply for citizenship, to $1170, while at the same time eliminating most fee waivers for low-income applicants. In December, a federal judge in San Francisco blocked the fee waiver rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the processing time for green cards and for citizenship has almost doubled between 2015 and 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has slashed the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected to 18,000 in 2020. That’s by far the lowest level since the Refugee Act was passed in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly 400,000 TPS holders could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has temporarily blocked the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11738686\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11738686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg\" alt=\"A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter where they are currently living near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. She said they are on the waiting list to apply for asylum in the U.S. and must wait at the shelter for now.\" width=\"800\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-800x511.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico-1200x767.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/Asylum-Seeker-Mother-Waits-in-Mexico.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother stands with her daughters in the migrant shelter near the U.S.-Mexico border on April 4, 2019 in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody — whether they are alone or accompanied by a parent — are protected by a two-decades-old legal settlement, known as the Flores agreement. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child-care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published federal rules aimed at replacing Flores, in order to allow long-term family detention — something the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts also ruled that the government must provide children with soap and water, adequate food and a place to sleep, regardless of crowding in border facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children died of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration has increasingly used the immigration courts — which are part of the Justice Department — to speed up deportations. In 2018, then-Attorney general Jeff Sessions stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases, and setting a quota requiring every judge to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stepped-up immigration enforcement beginning under President George W. Bush has contributed to a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases — and Sessions’ order for judges to re-open administratively closed cases adds another 300,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an unbearable work environment and threatening due process for immigrants whose lives are in the balance. Dana Marks, former head of the National Association of Immigration Judges, said that she and her colleagues are asked to decide the equivalent of “death penalty cases in a traffic court setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "trumps-changes-to-immigration-could-take-years-to-undo-experts-say",
"title": "Trump's Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President",
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"headTitle": "Trump’s Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential contest ramps up, President Trump is doubling down on restricting immigration to the U.S. — a key campaign pledge he made during his first run for the White House and one that he is hoping will earn him a second term. For many voters, immigration could be a defining issue in November — whether they support or oppose his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first week in office in January 2017, Trump issued a series of directives to dramatically increase border enforcement, expand detention and deportation of immigrants and halt refugee resettlement. The president often speaks of immigrants as “dangerous” and a threat to Americans, using words like “criminals” and calling a migrant caravan an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three years on, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching, touching legal immigrants and asylum-seekers as well as immigrants in the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s antagonists, including California political leaders, have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/11/05/all-the-presidents-immigration-lawsuits/#68e55c6a7d8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scores of lawsuits\u003c/a> blocking many of the administration’s immigration moves — at least temporarily. But judges have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed\u003c/a> other policies to take effect, even as legal challenges work their way through federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801948\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11801948 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement provided this handout of an ICE enforcement operation it said was targeting immigration fugitives and re-entrants, among others, on Feb. 9, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Bryan Cox/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s harsh rhetoric and restrictive policies present a stark contrast with the Democratic field of presidential candidates. But analysts say the scope of the changes made by the Trump administration is so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s enforcement push comes at a time when illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Total%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201925%20-%20FY%202019%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far lower\u003c/a> than it was 20 years ago. And most undocumented immigrants have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, just 577,000 immigrants were granted lawful permanent residence last year, far fewer than any time in the past two decades, when the U.S. issued roughly 1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/table1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">green cards\u003c/a> annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘One of the Major Eras of Xenophobia?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some immigration scholars say this presidency is more hostile to immigrants than any in modern history, while advocates who favor tougher immigration policies applaud Trump’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis School of Law Dean Kevin R. Johnson contrasted the current era with the 1950s, when more than 1 million Mexicans were rounded up in a mass deportation campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when he put in place Operation Wetback, President Eisenhower didn’t talk about immigrants the way this president does,” Johnson said. “The talk about race, and the fear created in immigrant communities, are what differentiates this president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jessica Vaughan, the Center for Immigration Studies']‘Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched.’[/pullquote]“In a historical sense, it represents one of the major eras of xenophobia,” said University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing, comparing this period to the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said that while Trump’s language is “coarse,” she gives him high marks for clamping down “to de-incentivize people streaming up to the border, thinking they’d be released into the interior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched,” added Vaughn, whose center favors reducing immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a> polls show that most Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> border security as well as a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, and they favor taking in refugees of war and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757637\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11757637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/ap_19126782050207_wide-926c85f779a71eddf5da6a166e583dd036c4cd76-800x450.jpg\" alt='Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. The labor union representing asylum officers claims the policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic la' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Christian Torres/AP )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Little Tweaks, Huge Policy Implications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, immigration changes under Trump have not been enshrined in new laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he has used his executive authority, like other presidents before him, to accomplish his goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11801856 label='the lasting impact of trump' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_immigration_girl-qut-1020x642.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little tweaks have huge policy implications,” said Sarah Pierce, an immigration policy analyst at the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. “So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what those changes add up to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s pledge to build a wall on the Mexican border galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. Despite legal challenges, conservative court majorities have recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794969121/appeals-court-allows-trump-to-divert-3-6-billion-in-military-funds-for-border-wa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed construction\u003c/a> to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797410228/at-11-billion-and-counting-trumps-border-wall-would-be-the-worlds-most-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations, blocking tens of thousands of migrants from being considered for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: Over the past year, border officials sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. It’s next to impossible for migrants in the so-called Remain in Mexico program to find U.S. immigration lawyers, and fewer than 200 have won their cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule\u003c/a> shut out all asylum-seekers who crossed a “third country” en route to the U.S. but didn’t ask for protection there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed both policies\u003c/a> to take effect while lower courts hear legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps — and prompted a broad, bipartisan backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who cross the border illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal judge in San Diego halted the separations and ordered the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People demonstrate in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2018, demanding an end to the separation of migrant children from their parents. (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work — to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 800,000\u003c/a> young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end DACA, calling it an \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overreach\u003c/a> of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785839/u-s-supreme-court-takes-on-daca-and-the-fate-of-nearly-200000-california-dreamers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expected\u003c/a> to rule this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> in his first days in office, Trump wiped away Obama’s deportation priorities, which had focused on violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who had no criminal record grew — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to Pierce of the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as that’s being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, many more non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-annual-refugee-resettlement-ceilings-and-number-refugees-admitted-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slashed\u003c/a> the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected, to a historic low of 18,000 for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Sarah Pierce, Migration Policy Institute']‘Little tweaks have huge policy implications. So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.’[/pullquote]The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190329_RS20844_40bba737bf5e4440ac7bebb19757db87fe994fa4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">400,000 TPS holders\u003c/a> could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783511/trump-administration-extends-protections-for-many-salvadorans-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody are protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/infonet/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flores settlement agreement\u003c/a>. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769437/whats-in-new-trump-immigration-rule-overriding-flores-agreement-3-key-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rules aimed\u003c/a> at replacing Flores and permitting long-term family detention, which the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/six-children-died-in-border-patrol-care-democrats-in-congress-want-to-know-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died\u003c/a> of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees immigration courts, has tried to speed up deportations by setting a quota requiring judges to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Attorney General Sessions also stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases. Sessions also ordered judges to reopen more than 300,000 cases that had been administratively closed. That’s on top of a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/480165-immigration-judges-are-retiring-and-quitting-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unbearable\u003c/a>” work environment and threatening due process for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11796924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11796924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Implications\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How lasting President Trump’s immigration restrictions prove will largely depend on the 2020 election, and who wins not just the presidency but also control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union speech in early February, Trump emphasized his push to build a border wall, his opposition to sanctuary cities and his agreements that turn back asylum-seekers at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a strategy that Jessica Vaughan, with the conservative Center for Immigration Studies, believes will be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are insistent that the laws be enforced. That’s a strength for him going into this election and he knows it,” she said. “We’re going to see him keep doing things he thinks are going to play well with voters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11797878,news_11796825,news_11785839]But others believe Trump’s tough-on-immigrants approach could backfire this year, even though it worked for him in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Barreto, a professor of political science at UCLA and co-founder of the Latino Decisions polling firm, said \u003ca href=\"http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1996/TheStateoftheLatinoVote.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polls show Latino\u003c/a> and immigrant voters are angry over the president’s racially polarizing language, family separations and the deaths of migrant children in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in favor of putting kids in cages and giving them space blankets,” Barreto said. “It’s a hard thing to sell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robust Latino turnout in 2018 helped flip at least a dozen congressional seats from Republican to Democrat, according to Barreto’s research, and it could play a big role in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think on Super Tuesday we’ll get a really big clue,” he said. “We’ll have [primaries in] Texas and California both. If the turnout is really robust we’ll see that people are amped up and ready to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is reelected, Vaughan and others expect him to put forward a major immigration bill crafted by presidential adviser and son-in-law Jared Kushner. The proposal codifies many restrictive enforcement measures and favors high-skilled immigrants over family-based immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For advocates and politicians, immigration is intensely polarizing, said Theresa Cardinal Brown, director of immigration policy at the centrist Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration is now ranking up amongst those insoluble, intractable issues like abortion and gun control,” she said. “There’s no middle ground that people will admit to … And that’s highly problematic for an issue like immigration that has to be legislated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she believes that public opinion is more nuanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People believe in a middle ground,” she said. “They say, ‘Sure we can secure our borders, but we can also have compassion for immigrants. Sure we can tighten our legal immigration system, but that doesn’t mean we have to break up families.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching — so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected, experts say.",
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"title": "Trump's Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential contest ramps up, President Trump is doubling down on restricting immigration to the U.S. — a key campaign pledge he made during his first run for the White House and one that he is hoping will earn him a second term. For many voters, immigration could be a defining issue in November — whether they support or oppose his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first week in office in January 2017, Trump issued a series of directives to dramatically increase border enforcement, expand detention and deportation of immigrants and halt refugee resettlement. The president often speaks of immigrants as “dangerous” and a threat to Americans, using words like “criminals” and calling a migrant caravan an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three years on, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching, touching legal immigrants and asylum-seekers as well as immigrants in the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s antagonists, including California political leaders, have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/11/05/all-the-presidents-immigration-lawsuits/#68e55c6a7d8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scores of lawsuits\u003c/a> blocking many of the administration’s immigration moves — at least temporarily. But judges have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed\u003c/a> other policies to take effect, even as legal challenges work their way through federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801948\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11801948 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement provided this handout of an ICE enforcement operation it said was targeting immigration fugitives and re-entrants, among others, on Feb. 9, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Bryan Cox/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s harsh rhetoric and restrictive policies present a stark contrast with the Democratic field of presidential candidates. But analysts say the scope of the changes made by the Trump administration is so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s enforcement push comes at a time when illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Total%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201925%20-%20FY%202019%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far lower\u003c/a> than it was 20 years ago. And most undocumented immigrants have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, just 577,000 immigrants were granted lawful permanent residence last year, far fewer than any time in the past two decades, when the U.S. issued roughly 1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/table1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">green cards\u003c/a> annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘One of the Major Eras of Xenophobia?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some immigration scholars say this presidency is more hostile to immigrants than any in modern history, while advocates who favor tougher immigration policies applaud Trump’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis School of Law Dean Kevin R. Johnson contrasted the current era with the 1950s, when more than 1 million Mexicans were rounded up in a mass deportation campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when he put in place Operation Wetback, President Eisenhower didn’t talk about immigrants the way this president does,” Johnson said. “The talk about race, and the fear created in immigrant communities, are what differentiates this president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“In a historical sense, it represents one of the major eras of xenophobia,” said University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing, comparing this period to the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said that while Trump’s language is “coarse,” she gives him high marks for clamping down “to de-incentivize people streaming up to the border, thinking they’d be released into the interior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched,” added Vaughn, whose center favors reducing immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a> polls show that most Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> border security as well as a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, and they favor taking in refugees of war and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757637\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11757637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/ap_19126782050207_wide-926c85f779a71eddf5da6a166e583dd036c4cd76-800x450.jpg\" alt='Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. The labor union representing asylum officers claims the policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic la' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Christian Torres/AP )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Little Tweaks, Huge Policy Implications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, immigration changes under Trump have not been enshrined in new laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he has used his executive authority, like other presidents before him, to accomplish his goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little tweaks have huge policy implications,” said Sarah Pierce, an immigration policy analyst at the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. “So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what those changes add up to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s pledge to build a wall on the Mexican border galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. Despite legal challenges, conservative court majorities have recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794969121/appeals-court-allows-trump-to-divert-3-6-billion-in-military-funds-for-border-wa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed construction\u003c/a> to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797410228/at-11-billion-and-counting-trumps-border-wall-would-be-the-worlds-most-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations, blocking tens of thousands of migrants from being considered for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: Over the past year, border officials sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. It’s next to impossible for migrants in the so-called Remain in Mexico program to find U.S. immigration lawyers, and fewer than 200 have won their cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule\u003c/a> shut out all asylum-seekers who crossed a “third country” en route to the U.S. but didn’t ask for protection there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed both policies\u003c/a> to take effect while lower courts hear legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps — and prompted a broad, bipartisan backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who cross the border illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal judge in San Diego halted the separations and ordered the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People demonstrate in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2018, demanding an end to the separation of migrant children from their parents. (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work — to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 800,000\u003c/a> young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end DACA, calling it an \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overreach\u003c/a> of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785839/u-s-supreme-court-takes-on-daca-and-the-fate-of-nearly-200000-california-dreamers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expected\u003c/a> to rule this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> in his first days in office, Trump wiped away Obama’s deportation priorities, which had focused on violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who had no criminal record grew — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to Pierce of the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as that’s being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, many more non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-annual-refugee-resettlement-ceilings-and-number-refugees-admitted-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slashed\u003c/a> the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected, to a historic low of 18,000 for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Little tweaks have huge policy implications. So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190329_RS20844_40bba737bf5e4440ac7bebb19757db87fe994fa4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">400,000 TPS holders\u003c/a> could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783511/trump-administration-extends-protections-for-many-salvadorans-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody are protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/infonet/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flores settlement agreement\u003c/a>. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769437/whats-in-new-trump-immigration-rule-overriding-flores-agreement-3-key-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rules aimed\u003c/a> at replacing Flores and permitting long-term family detention, which the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/six-children-died-in-border-patrol-care-democrats-in-congress-want-to-know-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died\u003c/a> of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees immigration courts, has tried to speed up deportations by setting a quota requiring judges to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Attorney General Sessions also stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases. Sessions also ordered judges to reopen more than 300,000 cases that had been administratively closed. That’s on top of a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/480165-immigration-judges-are-retiring-and-quitting-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unbearable\u003c/a>” work environment and threatening due process for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11796924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11796924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Implications\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How lasting President Trump’s immigration restrictions prove will largely depend on the 2020 election, and who wins not just the presidency but also control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union speech in early February, Trump emphasized his push to build a border wall, his opposition to sanctuary cities and his agreements that turn back asylum-seekers at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a strategy that Jessica Vaughan, with the conservative Center for Immigration Studies, believes will be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are insistent that the laws be enforced. That’s a strength for him going into this election and he knows it,” she said. “We’re going to see him keep doing things he thinks are going to play well with voters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But others believe Trump’s tough-on-immigrants approach could backfire this year, even though it worked for him in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Barreto, a professor of political science at UCLA and co-founder of the Latino Decisions polling firm, said \u003ca href=\"http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1996/TheStateoftheLatinoVote.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polls show Latino\u003c/a> and immigrant voters are angry over the president’s racially polarizing language, family separations and the deaths of migrant children in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in favor of putting kids in cages and giving them space blankets,” Barreto said. “It’s a hard thing to sell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robust Latino turnout in 2018 helped flip at least a dozen congressional seats from Republican to Democrat, according to Barreto’s research, and it could play a big role in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think on Super Tuesday we’ll get a really big clue,” he said. “We’ll have [primaries in] Texas and California both. If the turnout is really robust we’ll see that people are amped up and ready to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is reelected, Vaughan and others expect him to put forward a major immigration bill crafted by presidential adviser and son-in-law Jared Kushner. The proposal codifies many restrictive enforcement measures and favors high-skilled immigrants over family-based immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For advocates and politicians, immigration is intensely polarizing, said Theresa Cardinal Brown, director of immigration policy at the centrist Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration is now ranking up amongst those insoluble, intractable issues like abortion and gun control,” she said. “There’s no middle ground that people will admit to … And that’s highly problematic for an issue like immigration that has to be legislated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she believes that public opinion is more nuanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People believe in a middle ground,” she said. “They say, ‘Sure we can secure our borders, but we can also have compassion for immigrants. Sure we can tighten our legal immigration system, but that doesn’t mean we have to break up families.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Advocates Call Sending Border Patrol Agents to Sanctuary Cities a Scare Tactic",
"title": "Immigration Advocates Call Sending Border Patrol Agents to Sanctuary Cities a Scare Tactic",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning to send border patrol agents to large sanctuary cities across the United States, like San Francisco, to assist with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some immigration experts think this move is just a scare tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that border patrol agents would be deployed to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying \"ICE does not have sufficient resources to effectively manage the sustained increase in non-detained cases which is exacerbated by the rise of sanctuary jurisdictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing disagrees with the idea that there aren't enough federal immigration officials to adequately enforce the area. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is likely true that there are fewer, per-capita, arrests in places like San Francisco and Santa Clara County than there are, per-capita, in other cities that are non-sanctuary cities,\" Hing said. \"But it's not because of lack of personnel. It's because the local police are not calling ICE up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are questioning the logic behind the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reallocating CBP [Customs and Border Protection] agents for interior enforcement seems to suggest that the claimed crisis at the border cannot be the existential threat the administration has claimed it to be,\" said Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a law professor at Santa Clara University. \"Apparently elite CBP units can be spared for other activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>, passed in 1989, generally prevents city employees from using funds or resources to assist with federal immigration enforcement, unless required by state law. In 2013, the city passed the \"Due Process For All\" ordinance, which \"limits when City law enforcement officers may give ICE advance notice of a person’s release from local jail\" and prevents them from assisting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE detainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621200/governor-jerry-brown-signs-sanctuary-state-bill-setting-up-standoff-with-trump-adminstration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed similar legislation\u003c/a> into law, making California a so-called \"sanctuary state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been critical of these laws, arguing that they make the country less safe. In 2018, the federal government filed a legal challenge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654234/a-g-sessions-to-make-major-announcement-on-sanctuary-policies-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against the policy\u003c/a>. And just a few weeks ago, President Trump highlighted sanctuary cities and states during his State of the Union address, calling it an \"outrageous law\" with \"catastrophic results.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Francisco Mayor London Breed said the deployment of CBP agents is \"designed to create widespread fear and distrust and will deeply harm our entire community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants rights organizations have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pangealegal.org/news-and-updates/2020/2/14/press-release-california-immigrant-rights-advocates-condemn-militarized-escalation-against-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticized the action\u003c/a>, calling it \"a calculated maneuver to promote fear and intimidate cities and states that are upholding our values of common humanity and equal justice for everyone, including immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border patrol agents have additional authority within 100 miles of the U.S. border, which includes the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>, that allows them to set up vehicle immigration checkpoints. However, agents cannot search a vehicle without a warrant or \"probable cause,\" meaning a\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> reasonable suspicion\u003c/a> that a crime has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials would not confirm where exactly CBP agents would be sent, or how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning to send border patrol agents to large sanctuary cities across the United States, like San Francisco, to assist with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some immigration experts think this move is just a scare tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that border patrol agents would be deployed to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying \"ICE does not have sufficient resources to effectively manage the sustained increase in non-detained cases which is exacerbated by the rise of sanctuary jurisdictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing disagrees with the idea that there aren't enough federal immigration officials to adequately enforce the area. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is likely true that there are fewer, per-capita, arrests in places like San Francisco and Santa Clara County than there are, per-capita, in other cities that are non-sanctuary cities,\" Hing said. \"But it's not because of lack of personnel. It's because the local police are not calling ICE up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are questioning the logic behind the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reallocating CBP [Customs and Border Protection] agents for interior enforcement seems to suggest that the claimed crisis at the border cannot be the existential threat the administration has claimed it to be,\" said Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a law professor at Santa Clara University. \"Apparently elite CBP units can be spared for other activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>, passed in 1989, generally prevents city employees from using funds or resources to assist with federal immigration enforcement, unless required by state law. In 2013, the city passed the \"Due Process For All\" ordinance, which \"limits when City law enforcement officers may give ICE advance notice of a person’s release from local jail\" and prevents them from assisting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE detainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621200/governor-jerry-brown-signs-sanctuary-state-bill-setting-up-standoff-with-trump-adminstration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed similar legislation\u003c/a> into law, making California a so-called \"sanctuary state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been critical of these laws, arguing that they make the country less safe. In 2018, the federal government filed a legal challenge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654234/a-g-sessions-to-make-major-announcement-on-sanctuary-policies-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against the policy\u003c/a>. And just a few weeks ago, President Trump highlighted sanctuary cities and states during his State of the Union address, calling it an \"outrageous law\" with \"catastrophic results.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Francisco Mayor London Breed said the deployment of CBP agents is \"designed to create widespread fear and distrust and will deeply harm our entire community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants rights organizations have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pangealegal.org/news-and-updates/2020/2/14/press-release-california-immigrant-rights-advocates-condemn-militarized-escalation-against-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticized the action\u003c/a>, calling it \"a calculated maneuver to promote fear and intimidate cities and states that are upholding our values of common humanity and equal justice for everyone, including immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border patrol agents have additional authority within 100 miles of the U.S. border, which includes the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>, that allows them to set up vehicle immigration checkpoints. However, agents cannot search a vehicle without a warrant or \"probable cause,\" meaning a\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> reasonable suspicion\u003c/a> that a crime has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials would not confirm where exactly CBP agents would be sent, or how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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