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"content": "\u003cp>One of the two jurors who voted in September to acquit Ghost Ship defendant Derick Almena spoke publicly for the first time on Friday, telling reporters she didn't think Almena had any criminal intent in connection with a massive fire at an Oakland warehouse in the Fruitvale neighborhood that killed 36 people on Dec. 2, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former juror Betty Parker — or Juror Number 5 — said she was confident that Almena, the Ghost Ship's master tenant, believed the building was safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The man had his family living there,\" she told reporters outside an Oakland courtroom where Almena appeared for a short procedural hearing in advance of his retrial. \"Who would put their kids knowingly in that type of danger?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almena and Max Harris, who had been described as the Ghost Ship warehouse's second-in-command, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11495325/two-reportedly-charged-with-manslaughter-in-oaklands-ghost-ship-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">were arrested on June 5, 2017\u003c/a>. Each was charged with 36 counts of involuntary manslaughter. After a four-month-long, emotionally draining trial, a jury in September 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11764921/ghost-ship-defendant-max-harris-acquitted-of-all-charges-jury-hung-on-derick-almena\">acquitted Harris of all charges but deadlocked 10-2 in favor of convicting Almena\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more ghost ship trial coverage\" tag=\"ghost-ship-trial\"]Almena remains in county jail in lieu of $750,000 bail as he awaits his second trial, which is scheduled to begin in early April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has to be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. And there was a lot of reasonable doubt as far as I’m concerned,\" Parker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She advised the jury in the retrial to \"listen to everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Take everything into account. And think with both your mind and your heart,\" said Parker, who was later spotted hugging Almena’s wife, Micah Allison, in the courthouse. \"He has to live with this for the rest of his life, and to me that's a horrible sentence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a mistake, we all make mistakes,” Parker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Friday's hearing, Tony Serra, Almena's defense attorney, filed a motion to unseal the names of the former jurors so his team could interview them in preparation for the retrial. Parker was one of at least five former jurors in the courtroom on Friday, four of whom consented to the request, according to Alameda County Superior Court Judge Trina Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on April 6, Thompson said, she will bring in four panels of 80 potential jurors for a total pool of 320 potential jurors. Jury selection is expected to take at least a few weeks, with opening statements not likely to begin until late April, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not a lot occurred today, but we want a trial,\" Serra said after Friday's hearing. \"The prosecution wants a trial and a trial has been confirmed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means Almena won't consider the possibility of a plea agreement with prosecutors, he said, adding that a new attorney, Vincent Barrientos, will replace the defense’s second-chair attorney Brian Getz, who is unavailable for the retrial. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're excited because we think we'll do better than in the first trial,\" Serra said of the retrial, which he expects to last about half as long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that this time his team will be able to question members of the Ng family, who owned the warehouse, about their potential responsibility for the fire. During the first trial, the Ngs were exempted from testifying because of the possibility they could be charged for their role in the blaze. But with the statute of limitations for charges against them expired, the defense can now call them as witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm going to grill them,\" Serra said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the original trial of Almena and Harris, prosecutors told jurors that the two men should be found guilty of involuntary manslaughter because they turned the warehouse into a death trap by creating an unsafe environment devoid of fire sprinklers, smoke alarms, lighted exit signs or stable stairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors also alleged that Almena started violating the terms of the building's lease almost immediately after he signed it on Nov. 10, 2013, by allowing up to 25 people to live there even though it was zoned for commercial use, not residential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorneys argued that firefighters, police officers and Child Protective Services officials who visited the warehouse on multiple occasions never told Almena and Harris that the building was unsafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also argued that the fire was an act of arson that Almena and Harris couldn't have prevented. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Senate Impeachment Trial and Iowa Caucuses\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier today, the U.S. Senate voted 51 to 49 against allowing additional witnesses and evidence in the Senate impeachment trial of President Trump. Sens. Mitt Romney of Utah and Susan Collins of Maine were the only Republican lawmakers who joined Democrats in pushing to hear from witnesses, including former national security adviser John Bolton. In a book manuscript, Bolton alleges that President Trump told him he wanted to block military aid to Ukraine until it agreed to open investigations into his political rivals. Meanwhile, the trial has pulled Sens. Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren and Amy Klobuchar away from the campaign trail in Iowa. Voters there will be the first in the nation to pick a Democratic nominee in the 2020 presidential race when polls open Monday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Republican consultant and senior contributor, The Bulwark\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seema Mehta, political writer, Los Angeles Times\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SF Public Works Director Arrested on Corruption Charges\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier this week, San Francisco Public Works Director Mohammed Nuru was arrested by the FBI and charged with fraud by the U.S. Attorney’s Office in San Francisco. Also arrested and charged was Nuru’s business partner and restaurateur, Nick Bovis. The two are accused of multiple fraud schemes, including attempted bribery of a San Francisco International Airport official to win a contract for a restaurant lease. Nuru was appointed head of Public Works in 2011 by late Mayor Ed Lee. The department’s annual budget of hundreds of millions of dollars funds dozens of city services, including keeping streets clean, trimming trees and clearing homeless encampments. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Henry Lee, crime reporter, KTVU\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Eskenazi, managing editor and columnist, Mission Local\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Super Bowl Preview\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the first time in seven years, the San Francisco 49ers have made it to the Super Bowl. On Sunday in Miami, they’ll battle the Kansas City Chiefs to bring home the Vince Lombardi trophy. The 49ers stunned fans this season, winning 13 games and dominating opponents on offense and defense, as quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo posted a single-season, career-high 27 touchdowns. Sunday will mark his first appearance as a starter in the Super Bowl, a remarkable comeback from 16 months ago when he suffered a season-ending injury in a game against the Chiefs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mina Kimes, senior writer and host, ESPN Daily podcast\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Senate Impeachment Trial and Iowa Caucuses\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier today, the U.S. Senate voted 51 to 49 against allowing additional witnesses and evidence in the Senate impeachment trial of President Trump. Sens. Mitt Romney of Utah and Susan Collins of Maine were the only Republican lawmakers who joined Democrats in pushing to hear from witnesses, including former national security adviser John Bolton. In a book manuscript, Bolton alleges that President Trump told him he wanted to block military aid to Ukraine until it agreed to open investigations into his political rivals. Meanwhile, the trial has pulled Sens. Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren and Amy Klobuchar away from the campaign trail in Iowa. Voters there will be the first in the nation to pick a Democratic nominee in the 2020 presidential race when polls open Monday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Republican consultant and senior contributor, The Bulwark\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seema Mehta, political writer, Los Angeles Times\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SF Public Works Director Arrested on Corruption Charges\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier this week, San Francisco Public Works Director Mohammed Nuru was arrested by the FBI and charged with fraud by the U.S. Attorney’s Office in San Francisco. Also arrested and charged was Nuru’s business partner and restaurateur, Nick Bovis. The two are accused of multiple fraud schemes, including attempted bribery of a San Francisco International Airport official to win a contract for a restaurant lease. Nuru was appointed head of Public Works in 2011 by late Mayor Ed Lee. The department’s annual budget of hundreds of millions of dollars funds dozens of city services, including keeping streets clean, trimming trees and clearing homeless encampments. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Henry Lee, crime reporter, KTVU\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Eskenazi, managing editor and columnist, Mission Local\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Super Bowl Preview\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the first time in seven years, the San Francisco 49ers have made it to the Super Bowl. On Sunday in Miami, they’ll battle the Kansas City Chiefs to bring home the Vince Lombardi trophy. The 49ers stunned fans this season, winning 13 games and dominating opponents on offense and defense, as quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo posted a single-season, career-high 27 touchdowns. Sunday will mark his first appearance as a starter in the Super Bowl, a remarkable comeback from 16 months ago when he suffered a season-ending injury in a game against the Chiefs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 8:00 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate impeachment trial adjourned Friday evening, with a plan to return Monday morning to continue. Closing arguments will be presented Monday, after which senators will be permitted to speak on the floor. A final vote, during which President Trump is expected to be acquitted, is expected next Wednesday around 4 p.m. ET.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, the Senate voted not to call witnesses in the trial. The vote was 51 to 49 against witnesses. Democrats had pleaded for two weeks to hear testimony from, among others, former national security adviser John Bolton. But most Republicans resisted. Just two Republicans — Sens. Mitt Romney of Utah and Susan Collins of Maine — voted with the Democratic caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president faces \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment\u003c/a>: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress related to accusations that he held up military aid to Ukraine until the country announced investigations into potential political rival former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday night's vote result was not a surprise following announcements from key Republican senators that they would not be supporting witnesses. Sens. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Lamar Alexander of Tennessee said they do not need to hear testimony, which would have prolonged the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said in a statement Friday evening that there was no need for witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never in Senate history has this body paused an impeachment trial to pursue additional witnesses with unresolved questions of executive privilege that would require protracted litigation,\" he said. \"We have no interest in establishing such a new precedent, particularly for individuals whom the House expressly chose not to pursue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., pushed back immediately after the vote. He called the decision \"a perfidy. It's a grand tragedy.\" He said that if Trump is finally acquitted now, \"the acquittal will have no value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The 'No' Votes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Democratic House managers' hopes of calling witnesses who could have proved damaging to Trump were dashed even before a vote on the motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexander announced his decision not to join the Democrats' effort on Thursday; Murkowski's statement came Friday before the Senate trial resumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The looming acquittal for the president was long anticipated, but the roadblock on witnesses still marks a striking setback for Democrats, who at times appeared hopeful that they would be able to persuade enough Republicans to join them in voting to call witnesses, thereby prolonging the trial if not the altering its outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murkowski made clear on Friday that she did not want an extended trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the partisan nature of this impeachment from the very beginning and throughout, I have come to the conclusion that there will be no fair trial in the Senate,\" Murkowski said in a statement. \"I don't believe the continuation of this process will change anything. It is sad for me to admit that, as an institution, the Congress has failed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexander gave a different rationale: He argued that he had enough evidence that Trump acted inappropriately — but he does not think the president's actions are impeachable. \"If you've got eight witnesses saying that you left the scene of an accident, you don't need nine,\"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/31/801589634/sen-alexander-explains-decision-not-to-call-witnesses-in-trump-impeachment-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> he told NPR on Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The \"yes\" votes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Democratic caucus needed four Republicans to defy their party in order to succeed, but it ultimately only got two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenatorCollins/status/1223091529872564225\">announced\u003c/a> that she planned to vote for hearing witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe hearing from certain witnesses would give each side the opportunity to more fully and fairly make their case, resolve any ambiguities, and provide additional clarity,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Romney said on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LJ0hnson/status/1223241767174180870\">Twitter\u003c/a> Friday morning that the senator wanted to hear from former national security adviser John Bolton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton became a central figure in the fight over witnesses after reports describing portions of his forthcoming book in which he purportedly verifies accusations that Trump directly tied military aid to Ukraine with a demand for investigations into his political rivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Senate trial resumed Friday, Schiff immediately read into the record a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/us/politics/trump-bolton-ukraine.html\">New York Times story\u003c/a> that reported on a new revelation in Bolton's manuscript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Times, Bolton says Trump told him in early May to call Ukraine's president to set up a meeting with Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani to discuss an investigation into the Bidens. Bolton says that among those in the Oval Office meeting with Trump and Bolton was White House counsel Pat Cipollone. Cipollone is now leading Trump's defense team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You will recall Mr. Cipollone suggesting that the House managers were concealing facts from this body. He said all the facts should come out,\" Schiff told senators. \"Well, there is a new fact which indicates that Mr. Cipollone was among those who are in the loop. Yet another reason why we ought to hear from witnesses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump denied the account in a statement provided by the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never instructed John Bolton to set up a meeting for Rudy Giuliani, one of the greatest corruption fighters in America and by far the greatest mayor in the history of NYC, to meet with President Zelenskiy. That meeting never happened,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has not reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=LIVE%3A+Schumer+Says+There%27s+No+Agreement+On+When+Impeachment+Trial+Will+End&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 8:00 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate impeachment trial adjourned Friday evening, with a plan to return Monday morning to continue. Closing arguments will be presented Monday, after which senators will be permitted to speak on the floor. A final vote, during which President Trump is expected to be acquitted, is expected next Wednesday around 4 p.m. ET.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, the Senate voted not to call witnesses in the trial. The vote was 51 to 49 against witnesses. Democrats had pleaded for two weeks to hear testimony from, among others, former national security adviser John Bolton. But most Republicans resisted. Just two Republicans — Sens. Mitt Romney of Utah and Susan Collins of Maine — voted with the Democratic caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president faces \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/786579846/read-articles-of-impeachment-against-president-trump\">two articles of impeachment\u003c/a>: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress related to accusations that he held up military aid to Ukraine until the country announced investigations into potential political rival former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday night's vote result was not a surprise following announcements from key Republican senators that they would not be supporting witnesses. Sens. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Lamar Alexander of Tennessee said they do not need to hear testimony, which would have prolonged the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said in a statement Friday evening that there was no need for witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never in Senate history has this body paused an impeachment trial to pursue additional witnesses with unresolved questions of executive privilege that would require protracted litigation,\" he said. \"We have no interest in establishing such a new precedent, particularly for individuals whom the House expressly chose not to pursue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., pushed back immediately after the vote. He called the decision \"a perfidy. It's a grand tragedy.\" He said that if Trump is finally acquitted now, \"the acquittal will have no value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The 'No' Votes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Democratic House managers' hopes of calling witnesses who could have proved damaging to Trump were dashed even before a vote on the motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexander announced his decision not to join the Democrats' effort on Thursday; Murkowski's statement came Friday before the Senate trial resumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The looming acquittal for the president was long anticipated, but the roadblock on witnesses still marks a striking setback for Democrats, who at times appeared hopeful that they would be able to persuade enough Republicans to join them in voting to call witnesses, thereby prolonging the trial if not the altering its outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murkowski made clear on Friday that she did not want an extended trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the partisan nature of this impeachment from the very beginning and throughout, I have come to the conclusion that there will be no fair trial in the Senate,\" Murkowski said in a statement. \"I don't believe the continuation of this process will change anything. It is sad for me to admit that, as an institution, the Congress has failed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexander gave a different rationale: He argued that he had enough evidence that Trump acted inappropriately — but he does not think the president's actions are impeachable. \"If you've got eight witnesses saying that you left the scene of an accident, you don't need nine,\"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/31/801589634/sen-alexander-explains-decision-not-to-call-witnesses-in-trump-impeachment-trial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> he told NPR on Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The \"yes\" votes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Democratic caucus needed four Republicans to defy their party in order to succeed, but it ultimately only got two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins on Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenatorCollins/status/1223091529872564225\">announced\u003c/a> that she planned to vote for hearing witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe hearing from certain witnesses would give each side the opportunity to more fully and fairly make their case, resolve any ambiguities, and provide additional clarity,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Romney said on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LJ0hnson/status/1223241767174180870\">Twitter\u003c/a> Friday morning that the senator wanted to hear from former national security adviser John Bolton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton became a central figure in the fight over witnesses after reports describing portions of his forthcoming book in which he purportedly verifies accusations that Trump directly tied military aid to Ukraine with a demand for investigations into his political rivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Senate trial resumed Friday, Schiff immediately read into the record a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/us/politics/trump-bolton-ukraine.html\">New York Times story\u003c/a> that reported on a new revelation in Bolton's manuscript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Times, Bolton says Trump told him in early May to call Ukraine's president to set up a meeting with Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani to discuss an investigation into the Bidens. Bolton says that among those in the Oval Office meeting with Trump and Bolton was White House counsel Pat Cipollone. Cipollone is now leading Trump's defense team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You will recall Mr. Cipollone suggesting that the House managers were concealing facts from this body. He said all the facts should come out,\" Schiff told senators. \"Well, there is a new fact which indicates that Mr. Cipollone was among those who are in the loop. Yet another reason why we ought to hear from witnesses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump denied the account in a statement provided by the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never instructed John Bolton to set up a meeting for Rudy Giuliani, one of the greatest corruption fighters in America and by far the greatest mayor in the history of NYC, to meet with President Zelenskiy. That meeting never happened,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has not reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=LIVE%3A+Schumer+Says+There%27s+No+Agreement+On+When+Impeachment+Trial+Will+End&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thursday is “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqed/status/1222916181910282241?s=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fred Korematsu Day\u003c/a>,” a day set aside to commemorate Oakland-born Fred Korematsu, who resisted the internment of Japanese Americans all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also the day KQED’s Michelle Wiley and Tyche Hendricks published an \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefamilyseparationongoing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extensive account\u003c/a> of the Trump administration’s family separation policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wish I could say this is a cartoon wrap-up of the cruel policy that tore migrant families apart, but the ripple effects are far from wrapped-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be more cartoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, recent family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border are a stain on the ongoing history of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785848/still-searching-for-missing-family-pieces\">Still Searching for Missing Family Pieces\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11799091\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"Reunification by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769046/new-policy-would-allow-u-s-to-lock-up-kids-indefinitely-no-really\">New Policy Would Allow U.S. to Lock Up Kids Indefinitely. No, Really\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11769054\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"Preventing Abuse by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1020x741.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1200x872.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738609/sec-kirstjen-nielsens-inescapable-legacy\">Sec. Kirstjen Nielsen’s Inescapable Legacy\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11738639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Proud Legacy by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776071/migrant-children-still-being-separated-from-their-parents\">Migrant Children Still Being Separated From Their Parents\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11776079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1200x833.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714145/migrant-children-across-the-u-s\">Migrant Children Across the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11714162\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Childhood Trauma by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1200x777.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1180x764.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710928/still-separating-families\">Still Separating Families\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11710936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-800x509.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-1020x649.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-1200x763.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667159/zero-tolerance-at-the-border\">‘Zero-tolerance’ at the Border\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11667168\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/sessionsborder_050818_final-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"Child-smugglers by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thursday is “\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqed/status/1222916181910282241?s=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fred Korematsu Day\u003c/a>,” a day set aside to commemorate Oakland-born Fred Korematsu, who resisted the internment of Japanese Americans all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also the day KQED’s Michelle Wiley and Tyche Hendricks published an \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefamilyseparationongoing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extensive account\u003c/a> of the Trump administration’s family separation policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wish I could say this is a cartoon wrap-up of the cruel policy that tore migrant families apart, but the ripple effects are far from wrapped-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be more cartoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, recent family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border are a stain on the ongoing history of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785848/still-searching-for-missing-family-pieces\">Still Searching for Missing Family Pieces\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11799091\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"Reunification by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-800x569.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/reunification_110819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769046/new-policy-would-allow-u-s-to-lock-up-kids-indefinitely-no-really\">New Policy Would Allow U.S. to Lock Up Kids Indefinitely. No, Really\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11769054\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"Preventing Abuse by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-800x581.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1020x741.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final-1200x872.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/preventing_082119_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738609/sec-kirstjen-nielsens-inescapable-legacy\">Sec. Kirstjen Nielsen’s Inescapable Legacy\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11738639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Proud Legacy by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/legacy_040819_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776071/migrant-children-still-being-separated-from-their-parents\">Migrant Children Still Being Separated From Their Parents\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11776079\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-800x555.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final-1200x833.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/still_092319_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714145/migrant-children-across-the-u-s\">Migrant Children Across the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11714162\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Childhood Trauma by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1020x660.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1200x777.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-1180x764.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-240x155.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/trauma_122018_final-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710928/still-separating-families\">Still Separating Families\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11710936\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Still Separating by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-800x509.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-1020x649.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final-1200x763.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/maintain_120718_final.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11667159/zero-tolerance-at-the-border\">‘Zero-tolerance’ at the Border\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11667168\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/sessionsborder_050818_final-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"Child-smugglers by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" 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"disqusTitle": "Impeachment Trial Q&A Enters Last Day Before Moving to Vote on Witnesses",
"title": "Impeachment Trial Q&A Enters Last Day Before Moving to Vote on Witnesses",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 10:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senators weighing impeachment charges against President Trump spent Thursday firing questions at lawyers as they did the day before, just as the prospect of former national security adviser John Bolton's appearance as a witness continues to stoke speculation. The Senate will enter its next phase Friday — considering whether to allow witnesses and evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president faces two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress related to accusations that he held up military aid to Ukraine until the country announced investigations into potential political rival former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, Sen. Susan Collins said she would vote in support of allowing witnesses:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SenatorCollins/status/1223091529872564225?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats need four Republicans to support their push for witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday night at a rally in Des Moines, Iowa, days ahead of the caucuses Monday, President Trump took jabs at House Managers prosecuting him over alleged abuse of office and obstruction of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Congressional Democrats are consumed with partisan rage and obsessed with a deranged witch hunt hoax,\" said Trump to a booing crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're having probably the best years we've ever had in the history of our country, and I just got impeached. Can you believe these people? I got impeached. They impeached Trump,\" Trump said. \"That's not gonna work. Watch. Just watch,\" Trump said. \"They want to nullify your ballots, poison our democracy and overthrow the entire system of government. That's not happening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Roberts Refuses Early Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts, presiding over the trial, refused to read a question from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The presiding officer declines to read the question as submitted,\" Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is believed that Paul's question would have identified the whistleblower whose complaint sparked the House's impeachment investigation of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person's identity is protected by law, and neither Roberts nor Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., want it to be in the official trial record. McConnell had urged senators to be respectful of Roberts, who is supervising the trial as specified in the Constitution while also attempting to keep above the partisan aspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11799022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20030072534176_custom-0e7bb3e33b8f4d60f55a42a8b14525ead67bf69c-e1580402190880.jpg\" alt=\"In this image from video, House impeachment manager Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., speaks during the impeachment trial in the Senate. Schiff's stance is that "you can't have a fair trial without witnesses."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1081\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this image from video, House impeachment manager Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., speaks during the impeachment trial in the Senate. Schiff's stance is that \"you can't have a fair trial without witnesses.\" \u003ccite>(Senate Television via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>'Madness'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>House impeachment manager Adam Schiff, D-Calif., took issue with the wide view of presidential powers put forth by Trump attorney Alan Dershowitz on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a question about whether a quid pro quo in the foreign policy arena was ever appropriate, Dershowitz said, \"Every public official that I know believes that his election is in the public interest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eric Herschmann, Trump's attorney\"]'Maybe we could even get more done. Let's try something different now. Join us. Join us. One nation, one nation, one people.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"If a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After wide condemnation by Democrats and on social media, Dershowitz said his comments were misinterpreted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schiff declared, \"That way madness lies, if we are to accept the president essentially can do whatever he wants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>'Join Us'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The answer to one question posed by Republican senators must have brought joy to the president's ears. Asked whether the president has the best interests of Americans and their families in mind, Trump attorney Eric Herschmann recited a litany of positive economic statistics in what may have sounded like a Trump reelection ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are more than 7 million jobs created since the election. Illegal border crossings are down 78% since May, and 100 miles of the wall have been built. The unemployment rate is the lowest in 50 years,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turning to the House managers, he concluded, \"Maybe we could even get more done. Let's try something different now. Join us. Join us. One nation, one nation, one people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqTn2cc91Sc\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Sen. Warren Considers Chief Justice's Position\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., had a sharply worded question for the House managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At a time when large majorities of Americans have lost faith in government, does the fact that the chief justice is presiding over an impeachment trial in which Republican senators have thus far refused to allow witnesses or evidence contribute to the loss of legitimacy of the chief justice, the Supreme Court and the Constitution?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff answered by first saying, \"The chief justice has presided admirably.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the country \"does deserve a fair trial,\" which, for Democrats, means calling witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they don't get that fair trial, it will just further a cynicism that is corrosive to this institution and to our democracy,\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Acquittal at Hand?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Senate is expected to finish the 16 hours of written questions on Thursday night. On Friday, the Senate is expected to convene at 1 p.m. ET and have up to four hours of debate — equally divided between the managers and president's counsels — on whether to consider more evidence or witness testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is possible that at the end of that debate (or any time during or thereafter), the Senate will go in to closed session for private deliberation on the witness question. Only in closed deliberation can they speak to one another on the floor. There is no time limit for closed deliberations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the motion to consider more evidence is approved — a 51-vote majority is required — then senators can offer motions on which witnesses and documents they want to subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 50-50 tie fails. Technically, the presiding officer, Roberts, could move to break a tie, but he is not expected to insert himself into a political process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the motion fails, there are still any number of procedural motions Democrats could offer, and there is potential for another long series of votes. For example, Democrats could offer motions requesting more time to debate, but these would likely be delaying tactics or protest votes that will not affect the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the lawmakers are done debating all motions, the Senate will then vote on each article of impeachment. Those votes could occur as early as Friday evening. Republicans would like Trump to be acquitted by then, but Democrats are working to recruit enough members to support bringing in witnesses to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort is flagging, senators say.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]'You cannot be acquitted if you don't have a trial. You don't have a trial if you don't have witnesses and documentation.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The momentum is clearly in the direction of moving to final judgment on Friday,\" said Sen. John Barrasso, R-Wyo. \"We still have a couple members who said they want to listen to answers to questions, but that's where the momentum is in the caucus right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., tried to walk a tightrope when he gave his assessment on the possibility of bringing in witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Probably no,\" Schumer told reporters on Wednesday. \"But is it a decent, good chance? Yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats need to persuade at least four Republicans to cross party lines in order to lock in enough votes to subpoena witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most-discussed potential witness is Bolton, who has drawn attention because of a report in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> that he wrote in a forthcoming book that the president had directly linked the aid for Ukraine to an investigation of the Bidens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking before Thursday's session, Schiff said the Trump administration has \"gone to extraordinary lengths to put a muzzle on John Bolton to avoid calling him as a witness, to avoid letting the American people hear what he has to say.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another House manager, Rep. Jerry Nadler of New York, left the door open to the possibility that the House may subpoena Bolton if the Senate doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will see,\" Nadler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Republicans' Witnesses\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If the door does open to witnesses, Republicans have indicated they would like to call people such as Hunter Biden, who had served on a Ukrainian energy company board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans might also call the whistleblower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what kind of delay witnesses would add to the trial, Trump defense lawyer Jay Sekulow said \"months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This would be the first of many weeks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schiff bristled at this argument, saying Trump's defense team is exaggerating the delay to discourage senators from supporting calling witnesses, including Bolton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can subpoena John Bolton,\" Schiff said. \"Don't be thrown off by this claim, 'Oh, if you even think about it, we are going to make you pay with delays like you've never seen. We're going to call witnesses that will turn this into a circus.' It shouldn't be a circus. It should be a fair trial. You can't have a fair trial without witnesses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans have been discussing a possible deal involving a witness-for-witness swap, in which Bolton might be exchange for Biden. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., said that if Republicans are able to call just one witness, it will be Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because he's incredibly relevant to whether or not President Trump had a reason to believe that corruption was afoot in the Ukraine,\" Graham told reporters on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The speaker: This Will Leave a Mark\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At her weekly news conference on Thursday, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said nothing can remove the asterisk Trump will now carry after having been impeached by the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \"will not be acquitted,\" she said. \"You cannot be acquitted if you don't have a trial. You don't have a trial if you don't have witnesses and documentation. I would hope that the senators, if it comes to a tie or if there's a question of hearing testimony or receiving documents, they would leave it up to the chief justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi also said she was \"very proud of our managers,\" saying they have been \"magnificent custodians of the Constitution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Brakkton Booker and Lexie Schapitl contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit NPR.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Impeachment+Trial+Q%26A+Enters+Last+Day+Before+Moving+To+Vote+On+Witnesses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Early on, Chief Justice John Roberts refused to read a question from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky. Paul's question may have identified the whistleblower whose complaint sparked the impeachment inquiry.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 10:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senators weighing impeachment charges against President Trump spent Thursday firing questions at lawyers as they did the day before, just as the prospect of former national security adviser John Bolton's appearance as a witness continues to stoke speculation. The Senate will enter its next phase Friday — considering whether to allow witnesses and evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president faces two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress related to accusations that he held up military aid to Ukraine until the country announced investigations into potential political rival former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, Sen. Susan Collins said she would vote in support of allowing witnesses:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Democrats need four Republicans to support their push for witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday night at a rally in Des Moines, Iowa, days ahead of the caucuses Monday, President Trump took jabs at House Managers prosecuting him over alleged abuse of office and obstruction of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Congressional Democrats are consumed with partisan rage and obsessed with a deranged witch hunt hoax,\" said Trump to a booing crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're having probably the best years we've ever had in the history of our country, and I just got impeached. Can you believe these people? I got impeached. They impeached Trump,\" Trump said. \"That's not gonna work. Watch. Just watch,\" Trump said. \"They want to nullify your ballots, poison our democracy and overthrow the entire system of government. That's not happening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Roberts Refuses Early Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts, presiding over the trial, refused to read a question from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The presiding officer declines to read the question as submitted,\" Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is believed that Paul's question would have identified the whistleblower whose complaint sparked the House's impeachment investigation of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person's identity is protected by law, and neither Roberts nor Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., want it to be in the official trial record. McConnell had urged senators to be respectful of Roberts, who is supervising the trial as specified in the Constitution while also attempting to keep above the partisan aspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11799022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11799022\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20030072534176_custom-0e7bb3e33b8f4d60f55a42a8b14525ead67bf69c-e1580402190880.jpg\" alt=\"In this image from video, House impeachment manager Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., speaks during the impeachment trial in the Senate. Schiff's stance is that "you can't have a fair trial without witnesses."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1081\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In this image from video, House impeachment manager Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., speaks during the impeachment trial in the Senate. Schiff's stance is that \"you can't have a fair trial without witnesses.\" \u003ccite>(Senate Television via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>'Madness'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>House impeachment manager Adam Schiff, D-Calif., took issue with the wide view of presidential powers put forth by Trump attorney Alan Dershowitz on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a question about whether a quid pro quo in the foreign policy arena was ever appropriate, Dershowitz said, \"Every public official that I know believes that his election is in the public interest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Maybe we could even get more done. Let's try something different now. Join us. Join us. One nation, one nation, one people.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"If a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After wide condemnation by Democrats and on social media, Dershowitz said his comments were misinterpreted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schiff declared, \"That way madness lies, if we are to accept the president essentially can do whatever he wants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>'Join Us'\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The answer to one question posed by Republican senators must have brought joy to the president's ears. Asked whether the president has the best interests of Americans and their families in mind, Trump attorney Eric Herschmann recited a litany of positive economic statistics in what may have sounded like a Trump reelection ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are more than 7 million jobs created since the election. Illegal border crossings are down 78% since May, and 100 miles of the wall have been built. The unemployment rate is the lowest in 50 years,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turning to the House managers, he concluded, \"Maybe we could even get more done. Let's try something different now. Join us. Join us. One nation, one nation, one people.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xqTn2cc91Sc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xqTn2cc91Sc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Sen. Warren Considers Chief Justice's Position\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., had a sharply worded question for the House managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At a time when large majorities of Americans have lost faith in government, does the fact that the chief justice is presiding over an impeachment trial in which Republican senators have thus far refused to allow witnesses or evidence contribute to the loss of legitimacy of the chief justice, the Supreme Court and the Constitution?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff answered by first saying, \"The chief justice has presided admirably.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the country \"does deserve a fair trial,\" which, for Democrats, means calling witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they don't get that fair trial, it will just further a cynicism that is corrosive to this institution and to our democracy,\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Acquittal at Hand?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Senate is expected to finish the 16 hours of written questions on Thursday night. On Friday, the Senate is expected to convene at 1 p.m. ET and have up to four hours of debate — equally divided between the managers and president's counsels — on whether to consider more evidence or witness testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is possible that at the end of that debate (or any time during or thereafter), the Senate will go in to closed session for private deliberation on the witness question. Only in closed deliberation can they speak to one another on the floor. There is no time limit for closed deliberations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the motion to consider more evidence is approved — a 51-vote majority is required — then senators can offer motions on which witnesses and documents they want to subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 50-50 tie fails. Technically, the presiding officer, Roberts, could move to break a tie, but he is not expected to insert himself into a political process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the motion fails, there are still any number of procedural motions Democrats could offer, and there is potential for another long series of votes. For example, Democrats could offer motions requesting more time to debate, but these would likely be delaying tactics or protest votes that will not affect the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the lawmakers are done debating all motions, the Senate will then vote on each article of impeachment. Those votes could occur as early as Friday evening. Republicans would like Trump to be acquitted by then, but Democrats are working to recruit enough members to support bringing in witnesses to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That effort is flagging, senators say.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The momentum is clearly in the direction of moving to final judgment on Friday,\" said Sen. John Barrasso, R-Wyo. \"We still have a couple members who said they want to listen to answers to questions, but that's where the momentum is in the caucus right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., tried to walk a tightrope when he gave his assessment on the possibility of bringing in witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Probably no,\" Schumer told reporters on Wednesday. \"But is it a decent, good chance? Yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats need to persuade at least four Republicans to cross party lines in order to lock in enough votes to subpoena witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most-discussed potential witness is Bolton, who has drawn attention because of a report in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> that he wrote in a forthcoming book that the president had directly linked the aid for Ukraine to an investigation of the Bidens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking before Thursday's session, Schiff said the Trump administration has \"gone to extraordinary lengths to put a muzzle on John Bolton to avoid calling him as a witness, to avoid letting the American people hear what he has to say.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another House manager, Rep. Jerry Nadler of New York, left the door open to the possibility that the House may subpoena Bolton if the Senate doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will see,\" Nadler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Republicans' Witnesses\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If the door does open to witnesses, Republicans have indicated they would like to call people such as Hunter Biden, who had served on a Ukrainian energy company board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans might also call the whistleblower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what kind of delay witnesses would add to the trial, Trump defense lawyer Jay Sekulow said \"months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This would be the first of many weeks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schiff bristled at this argument, saying Trump's defense team is exaggerating the delay to discourage senators from supporting calling witnesses, including Bolton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can subpoena John Bolton,\" Schiff said. \"Don't be thrown off by this claim, 'Oh, if you even think about it, we are going to make you pay with delays like you've never seen. We're going to call witnesses that will turn this into a circus.' It shouldn't be a circus. It should be a fair trial. You can't have a fair trial without witnesses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans have been discussing a possible deal involving a witness-for-witness swap, in which Bolton might be exchange for Biden. Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., said that if Republicans are able to call just one witness, it will be Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because he's incredibly relevant to whether or not President Trump had a reason to believe that corruption was afoot in the Ukraine,\" Graham told reporters on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The speaker: This Will Leave a Mark\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At her weekly news conference on Thursday, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said nothing can remove the asterisk Trump will now carry after having been impeached by the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump \"will not be acquitted,\" she said. \"You cannot be acquitted if you don't have a trial. You don't have a trial if you don't have witnesses and documentation. I would hope that the senators, if it comes to a tie or if there's a question of hearing testimony or receiving documents, they would leave it up to the chief justice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi also said she was \"very proud of our managers,\" saying they have been \"magnificent custodians of the Constitution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Brakkton Booker and Lexie Schapitl contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit NPR.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Impeachment+Trial+Q%26A+Enters+Last+Day+Before+Moving+To+Vote+On+Witnesses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border",
"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border",
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"headTitle": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"2018 statement from U.N. human rights experts\"]‘We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Then-U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions in May 2018\"]‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11677196\" label=\"Filomena's Story\"]“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt\"]‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11711704\" label=\"Yvette's Story\"]He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw\"]‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2017, the Trump administration introduced its 'zero tolerance' policy to separate migrant parents seeking asylum from their children, part of an effort to deter the number of immigrants trying to enter the United States. ",
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"title": "Zero Tolerance: An Ongoing History of Family Separations at the US-Mexico Border | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration enforcement has been one of President Trump’s central issues. Immediately after taking office three years ago, his administration announced a series of policies designed to limit both legal and illegal immigration, and restrict access to asylum in the United States. Among the most controversial is the practice of migrant family separation, in which border agents have forcibly taken thousands of children away from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border, ostensibly to facilitate the prosecution of adults for crossing the border without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice was widely condemned by human rights activists and community leaders in the U.S. and abroad. “Detention of children is punitive, severely hampers their development, and in some cases may amount to torture,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23245&LangID=E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations human rights experts\u003c/a> said in a 2018 statement. “We are deeply concerned at the long-term impact and trauma, including irreparable harm that these forcible separations will have on the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, a federal judge in San Diego ordered a stop to the practice and mandated that the government reunite the separated families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, under the judge’s orders, federal officials have been working to identify all of the separated parents and children. And the advocates who sued to halt the family separations have used that information to locate parents, many of whom were deported to Central America, and to make arrangements to reconnect them with their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family separation story is now seldom in the headlines, but many children still have not been reunited with their parents, and new families continue to be separated at the border, albeit in smaller numbers. A recent inspector general’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency responsible for unaccompanied migrant children, suggests that it may be impossible to ever know the complete number of families who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the president enters his fourth year in office, KQED looks back at some key moments in the saga of this contentious government initiative and the many legal challenges to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 11, 2017: The First Enforcement Memo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798889\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798889\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1126810041-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Border Patrol agent speaks with Central American migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border fence on Feb. 1, 2019, in El Paso, Texas. The migrants were taken into custody, seeking political asylum in the United States. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Trump took office in 2017, the rate of illegal immigration into the U.S. was at one of its lowest points in the past three decades. However, the number of families with children arriving at the U.S. —Mexico border in search of asylum was rapidly increasing — particularly Central Americans fleeing violent conditions back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to halt the flow of those families, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions in April 2017 issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/956841/download\">memorandum\u003c/a> asking federal prosecutors to prioritize the prosecution of certain immigration offenses, including “improper entry by an alien” to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/reports/GAO-19-163/#TOC_Letter_Findings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal report\u003c/a> later identified that memo, along with a separate enforcement initiative, as the directive that led the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to separate an increasing number of children from their parents along the El Paso, Texas, section of the border starting in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some government officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/trump-admin-ran-pilot-program-separating-migrant-families-2017-n887616\">have characterized\u003c/a> what happened in \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">El Paso\u003c/a> as a kind of “pilot program” for the vast increase in family separations that would soon follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Feb. 26, 2018: The Family Separation Lawsuit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798862\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1160px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11798862 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1160\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1.jpg 1160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-800x596.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/aclu-1-1020x760.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ms. L., a Congolese mother escaping persecution in her homeland, was separated from her daughter after trying to seek refuge in the United States. \u003ccite>(Hope Hall/Courtesy of ACLU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the federal government — \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/a> —\u003c/em> on behalf of a Congolese mother who said she and her daughter had fled their home, “fearing certain death,” and were separated at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego. One month later, Ms. L.’s case became a class-action lawsuit representing all parents whose children were taken away from them at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>April 6, 2018: ‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798864\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-955742134-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions addresses the media during a press conference at Border Field State Park on May 7, 2018 in San Ysidro, California. Sessions was on a visit to the border along with ICE Deputy Director Thomas D. Homan to discuss the immigration enforcement actions of the Trump administration. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Sessions released another \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1049751/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo \u003c/a>establishing the Trump administration’s so-called “zero tolerance” policy, with the goal of criminally prosecuting all adults entering the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably,” Sessions said at a May 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0OvFlS9rQ0\">law enforcement conference\u003c/a> in Arizona. “If you don’t want your child to be separated, then don’t bring them across the border illegally.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If you’re smuggling a child, then we’re going to prosecute you, and that child will be separated from you, probably’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hard-line policy gave immigration enforcement officials the green light to place thousands of undocumented parents in federal jails. And because minors aren’t allowed to be jailed with adults, their children were treated as “unaccompanied minors.” Children and infants were turned over to the Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the HHS, which housed most of them in shelters or with foster families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcry against the policy was swift. Lawmakers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680446/faith-leaders-weigh-how-to-address-immigration-with-their-congregations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">religious leaders\u003c/a> and medical professionals condemned it, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678957/from-texas-to-california-older-women-take-to-streets-to-protest-u-s-immigration-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen activists\u003c/a> took to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678414/photos-bay-area-cities-join-nationwide-families-belong-together-marches\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">streets\u003c/a> in protest. And at least 10 states, including California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11676317/california-nine-other-states-say-theyll-sue-trump-over-family-separations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened legal action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2018, the American Academy of Pediatrics \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/StatementOpposingSeparationofChildrenandParents.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a statement\u003c/a> forcefully opposing the practice. “Separating children from their parents contradicts everything we stand for as pediatricians — protecting and promoting children’s health,” wrote Colleen Kraft, the academy’s president at the time. “In fact, highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 20, 2018: Trump’s Executive Order\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798877\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-982247184-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally near a federal building in San Diego on June 23, 2018, demanding the reunification of thousands of children who were separated from their immigrant parents by border officials under the Trump administration’s controversial zero tolerance policy. \u003ccite>(David McNew/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the overwhelming backlash, President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/affording-congress-opportunity-address-family-separation/\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> on June 20, 2018, affirming that the government planned to continue prosecuting people for “improper entry,” but added that, “It is also the policy of this Administration to maintain family unity, including by detaining alien families together where appropriate and consistent with law and available resources. It is unfortunate that Congress’s failure to act and court orders have put the Administration in the position of separating alien families to effectively enforce the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>June 26, 2018: Judge Orders Stop to Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798871\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-975078458-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy and father from Honduras are taken into custody by U.S. Border Patrol agents near the U.S.-Mexico Border near Mission, Texas, on June 12, 2018. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less than a week later, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Sabraw, based in San Diego and presiding over the \u003cem>Ms. L. v. ICE\u003c/em> case, ordered the government to stop the separations and swiftly reunify families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The facts set forth before the Court portray reactive governance — responses to address a chaotic circumstance of the Government’s own making,” Sabraw wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Sabraw’s supervision, federal officials began working to identify all the separated children in government custody at the time of the judge’s order. It took months, but eventually they tallied 2,815 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-copy-family-separations-e1580370383776-160x84.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the judge’s blessing, the ACLU formed a committee to track down the parents and find out how they wanted to proceed. Hundreds of parents had given up their asylum claims with the promise of having their children returned, only to be deported without them. Some of these parents decided their kids should stay in the U.S. with a relative to continue seeking asylum on their own. Others asked for their children to be returned to them in their home country. And a smaller number sought permission to return to the U.S. and resume their own petitions for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>March 8, 2019: Judge Orders Search for More Separated Families\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798988\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1153241615-1020x665.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young child is processed by border patrol agents after crossing into the United States from Mexico on June 02, 2019, in Sunland Park, New Mexico. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, the inspector general for HHS released a \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> of the agency’s internal data on separated children. The report found that staff members had identified many more children who had been taken from their parents but were no longer in the agency’s custody and so were not covered by “the accounting required by the court.” The report concluded that thousands of additional families had potentially been separated without an order to reunite them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Sabraw \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in March 2019 expanded the class\u003c/a> of parents covered by the \u003cem>Ms. L.\u003c/em> lawsuit to include those who were separated between July 1, 2017 — when separations reportedly began in El Paso — and June 25, 2018, the day before his original injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of families was particularly difficult to identify because the children were no longer in the custody of the Refugee Resettlement Office, and Homeland Security officials had not told the agency that those children had been taken from their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of investigating, government officials delivered their findings to the court on Oct. 25, 2019 — 1,556 additional children had been separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11798997\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/copy-family-separations-e1580370503471-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s steering committee set out to locate those parents and has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785409/new-search-begins-for-deported-parents-of-separated-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">engaged community groups in Central America\u003c/a> to assist. Some participants in the effort have described spending 12 hours walking around remote villages in search of a single parent. The effort is still being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>July 30, 2019: ACLU Condemns Ongoing Separations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798875\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798875\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-980530210-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran child plays at the Catholic Charities Humanitarian Respite Center in McAllen, Texas, on June 21, 2018, after recently crossing the U.S.-Mexico border with his father. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sabraw’s original injunction barring the separation of families at the border, he included an exemption for cases where authorities had deemed the parent unfit or a danger to the child.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents. The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security officials have said they only rarely take such a step and only for the safety of children. But ACLU lawyers said the government had reported hundreds of ongoing separations after Sabraw halted the practice, including for minor criminal infractions, like petty theft or traffic violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the ACLU asked the judge to \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.439.0_3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clarify the standard\u003c/a> for when the government is allowed to separate families in order “to ensure that children are not taken away from their parents absent an objective reason to believe that the parent is unfit or a danger to their child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU, government numbers show that, as of Dec. 21, 2019, 1,142 children had been separated due to this exception, bringing the total of all separated families to at least 5,513, with the government reporting a handful of additional separations each month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond shocking that the Trump administration continues to take babies from their parents,” ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt said. “The administration cannot simply ignore the nationwide injunction over minor infractions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11799002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"470\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/family-separations-2-e1580371295398-160x94.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Jan. 13, 2020: Judge Approves Most Ongoing Family Separations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-977061392-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Honduran mother holds her 2-year-old daughter while being detained by U.S. Border Patrol agents in McAllen, Texas, near the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In January, Sabraw responded to the ACLU’s request for clarification as to when family separations at the border are acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://ecf.casd.uscourts.gov/doc1/037115434524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ruling\u003c/a>, he largely sided with the federal government, writing that child welfare standards are not the only consideration (as the ACLU had argued) — national security concerns are also a factor. “In this context, the government interests go well beyond just the fitness and danger that a parent may present to his or her own child,” Sabraw wrote. “Rather, the government interests extend to securing the Nation’s borders and enforcing the Nation’s criminal and immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He added that the government is entitled to separate children from their parents “based on any criminal history, not just criminal history that bears on a parent’s fitness or danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw also asserted that the court should not “engage in prospective oversight” of family separation decisions, because the executive branch of government has the right to control security at the border. He also pointed out that separations at the border have declined dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Looking Ahead\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11798987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-1004299906-1020x688.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven-year-old Andy is reunited with his mother, Arely, at Baltimore-Washington International Airport on July 23, 2018. Originally from El Salvador, the mother and son were separated upon entering the United States on June 13. Arely was detained at the Port Isabel Detention Center in Texas while Andy was detained in New York. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late 2019, HHS’ inspector general issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-11/OIG-20-06-Nov19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> about family separations that was made public in January. It stated that when the government began its zero tolerance policy of prosecuting all adult border crossers, including parents, Homeland Security officials lacked the technology to keep track of the thousands of parents and children they separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January 2020, hundreds — and possibly thousands — of families are still not reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the first group of 2,815 children identified, 18 separated children are still in the custody of the Office of Refugee Resettlement — more than a year and a half after Sabraw ordered them returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The unfortunate reality will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the the 1,556 additional families who the government determined had been separated under the zero tolerance policy as far back as July 2017, are still in the early stages. The ACLU’s steering committee has so far made contact with just 364 of those parents — by phone or by tracking them down in person on the ground in Central America. But advocates say those parents are so traumatized from losing their children that it’s hard to build enough trust to begin reuniting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can be a real struggle to ensure that the families believe that there can still be a path forward where reunification is even an option,” said Nan Schivone, legal director for the advocacy group Justice in Motion, and a member of the steering committee. “Our defenders are reporting that many deported parents are stuck in an emotional limbo, and it’s kind of hard for them to even process that they’ve been contacted and found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the 1,142 or more children taken from their parents after the judge halted family separations. So far, neither the government nor the ACLU has estimated how many of them have been returned to their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent legal filing, government officials expressed confidence that they’ve identified “substantially all the possible children” separated at the border. But during a December settlement conference, Sabraw voiced concern. “The unfortunate reality,” he said, “will be that we will never be able to accurately identify the number of children.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Attorney General Must Disclose Police Misconduct Files on Local Cops, Appeals Court Rules",
"title": "State Attorney General Must Disclose Police Misconduct Files on Local Cops, Appeals Court Rules",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California appeals court rejected Wednesday the state attorney general's withholding of thousands of records on police misconduct and shootings made public by a landmark transparency law last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a published opinion, a three-judge panel based in San Francisco found that California law \"enshrines the value this state has long placed on government transparency and public access to information concerning the conduct of the people's business.\" The judges ruled that the new transparency law, Senate Bill 1421, acknowledged \"the extraordinary authority vested in peace officers and the serious harms occasioned by misuse of that authority.\"[aside tag=\"police-records\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/Police-Art_1.gif\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from the Attorney General's Office wrote in an email that it is reviewing the opinion. Attorney General Xavier Becerra may appeal further, including to the state Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED helped form a coalition of 40 California news organizations in late 2018 to obtain and report on previously secret law enforcement records made accessible under SB 1421. The coalition has also fought numerous legal battles to ensure broad public access in what was one of the most secretive states regarding the conduct of police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This ruling from the appeals court is a victory for truth and transparency — but it is not just that,\" said Ethan Lindsey, executive editor of News for KQED. \"This should be a marker for agencies around the state who continue to withhold public documents. The ruling shows that the public deserves to see these records.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, Becerra stalled responses to public records requests seeking information under the new law, arguing that he should wait for further direction from courts throughout California who were fielding challenges to the law filed by law enforcement unions. Those court filings argued that information from cases that occurred before the law took effect should remain secret. Many law enforcement agencies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724499/cities-use-state-attorney-general-letter-to-fight-release-of-police-misconduct-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seized\u003c/a> on Becerra's position to delay releasing records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11730624/kqed-sues-attorney-general-fighting-for-access-to-police-misconduct-and-shooting-records\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">joined\u003c/a> the San Rafael-based First Amendment Coalition last March in a lawsuit aiming to force release of records covered by SB 1421, which include sexual assault and dishonesty by peace officers, as well as any use of force resulting in serious injury and any shooting by law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general refused to budge, however, until a few weeks later when a coalition of news organizations, including KQED and the Bay Area News Group, won a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11736667/bay-area-ruling-could-fast-track-access-to-police-records-under-new-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate state appeals court ruling\u003c/a> that all such records, regardless of when they were created, should be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even then, the state Department of Justice released only a few case files — those pertaining to misconduct by state agents, arguing that it was not required to provide thousands, and maybe more, files regarding investigations into local police officers and sheriff's deputies. Nearly a year later, the courts and public remain unclear on exactly what police misconduct and shooting investigations the state Department of Justice may possess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no indication what kinds of records, if any, the Department may generate when it conducts an independent investigation of a law enforcement agency or when it reviews an agency's decision not to file charges in connection with an incident,\" the opinion says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges strongly rejected the attorney general's arguments that SB 1421 should only require release of records related to an agency's own employees. The court found that the Legislature could easily have worded the law that way, and it did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[W]e will not add words it has chosen to omit,\" the opinion says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has argued that providing the Department of Justice's misconduct files would be a huge burden largely duplicative of what the public can obtain directly from any local law enforcement agency. But the DOJ also conducts its own investigations and creates its own files on those cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state appeals court found that the attorney general may still be able to withhold some files that would be too difficult to release, but it must do so by making a case-by-case argument that the benefit of nondisclosure outweighs the public benefit of release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the court recognized the importance of SB 1421, the fact that it was a transformative piece of legislation, and when combined with the public records act, it provides a powerful tool for the public to gain access to records of police misconduct and serious use of force,\" said Glen Smith, the First Amendment Coalition's litigation director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786993\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-800x777.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-1020x990.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a>, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from the Attorney General's Office wrote in an email that it is reviewing the opinion. Attorney General Xavier Becerra may appeal further, including to the state Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED helped form a coalition of 40 California news organizations in late 2018 to obtain and report on previously secret law enforcement records made accessible under SB 1421. The coalition has also fought numerous legal battles to ensure broad public access in what was one of the most secretive states regarding the conduct of police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This ruling from the appeals court is a victory for truth and transparency — but it is not just that,\" said Ethan Lindsey, executive editor of News for KQED. \"This should be a marker for agencies around the state who continue to withhold public documents. The ruling shows that the public deserves to see these records.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, Becerra stalled responses to public records requests seeking information under the new law, arguing that he should wait for further direction from courts throughout California who were fielding challenges to the law filed by law enforcement unions. Those court filings argued that information from cases that occurred before the law took effect should remain secret. Many law enforcement agencies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724499/cities-use-state-attorney-general-letter-to-fight-release-of-police-misconduct-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seized\u003c/a> on Becerra's position to delay releasing records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11730624/kqed-sues-attorney-general-fighting-for-access-to-police-misconduct-and-shooting-records\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">joined\u003c/a> the San Rafael-based First Amendment Coalition last March in a lawsuit aiming to force release of records covered by SB 1421, which include sexual assault and dishonesty by peace officers, as well as any use of force resulting in serious injury and any shooting by law enforcement officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general refused to budge, however, until a few weeks later when a coalition of news organizations, including KQED and the Bay Area News Group, won a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11736667/bay-area-ruling-could-fast-track-access-to-police-records-under-new-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate state appeals court ruling\u003c/a> that all such records, regardless of when they were created, should be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even then, the state Department of Justice released only a few case files — those pertaining to misconduct by state agents, arguing that it was not required to provide thousands, and maybe more, files regarding investigations into local police officers and sheriff's deputies. Nearly a year later, the courts and public remain unclear on exactly what police misconduct and shooting investigations the state Department of Justice may possess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no indication what kinds of records, if any, the Department may generate when it conducts an independent investigation of a law enforcement agency or when it reviews an agency's decision not to file charges in connection with an incident,\" the opinion says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judges strongly rejected the attorney general's arguments that SB 1421 should only require release of records related to an agency's own employees. The court found that the Legislature could easily have worded the law that way, and it did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[W]e will not add words it has chosen to omit,\" the opinion says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general has argued that providing the Department of Justice's misconduct files would be a huge burden largely duplicative of what the public can obtain directly from any local law enforcement agency. But the DOJ also conducts its own investigations and creates its own files on those cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state appeals court found that the attorney general may still be able to withhold some files that would be too difficult to release, but it must do so by making a case-by-case argument that the benefit of nondisclosure outweighs the public benefit of release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the court recognized the importance of SB 1421, the fact that it was a transformative piece of legislation, and when combined with the public records act, it provides a powerful tool for the public to gain access to records of police misconduct and serious use of force,\" said Glen Smith, the First Amendment Coalition's litigation director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786993\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-800x777.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-1020x990.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a>, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With new signage for a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797529/san-franciscos-market-street-is-going-car-free-next-week-7-things-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">car-free Market Street\u003c/a>” and a director at the center of a corruption scandal, it’s been a busy couple of days for \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecarfreesign\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Public Works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Works Director Mohammed Nuru was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798634/nuru-might-need-to-change-his-twitter-handle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arrested on Monday\u003c/a> for a wide variety of alleged schemes ranging from attempting to bribe a San Francisco International Airport official to getting city contractors to work on his vacation home for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Public Works is at the forefront of a very ambitious effort to boot private automobiles from a large section of Market Street while encouraging bike, bus and pedestrian bliss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, yes, FBI vehicles will still be allowed on the car-free portion of Market Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story contains a \u003ca href=\"#correction\">correction\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Works is not San Francisco's biggest department — the Department of Public Health and the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency are much bigger — but it's an organization that those agencies and many others in the city depend on for design, construction and repair services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's one of the reasons the arrest of the agency's director, Mohammed Nuru, has sent shockwaves throughout city government. Nuru was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798447/sf-public-works-director-mohammed-nuru-arrested-by-fbi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">arrested Monday\u003c/a> and charged with honest services fraud for a series of alleged schemes in which he's accused of taking advantage of his position to benefit himself and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"mohammed-nuru\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the transportation agency embarks on an ambitious street project, such as its plan to \u003ca href=\"http://bettermarketstreetsf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transform Market Street\u003c/a>, it turns to Public Works to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the health department's clinics needs repairs, Public Works will make preparations and either perform the work itself or oversee a contractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the city's Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing begins work on a new navigation center for unhoused residents, Public Works builds the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When San Francisco's City Attorney's Office sought to crack down on defiant rental scooter companies, Public Works crews were sent out to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">impound e-scooters\u003c/a> they found parked illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And beyond projects like that, Public Works is involved in many other activities that directly or indirectly impact everyone who lives, works in or visits the city. The agency is responsible for cleaning the streets, keeping sidewalks and pavement in good condition, and maintaining the city's 125,000 street trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the department's other activities: operating the Pit Stop street toilets, a program that figures in the federal charges against Nuru that were disclosed Tuesday. The criminal complaint alleges Nuru shared inside information on a city contract for the portable toilets with restaurateur Nick Bovis, who had developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/SF-s-newest-rolling-toilets-are-an-homage-to-12367154.php#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a Painted Lady-themed restroom structure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Projects like that amount to a small line item for Public Works. The department has a fiscal 2019-20 budget of $501 million and about 1,670 employees. That ranks well behind both the Department of Public Health — which has a $2.4 billion budget and nearly 7,000 employees — and the Municipal Transportation Agency with its $1.3 billion budget and about 6,000 workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About $115 million of the budget and nearly 600 workers are devoted to capital projects — for instance, the city's intensive \"quick build\" effort to put up new signage and create new bus and bike lanes for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797529/san-franciscos-market-street-is-going-car-free-next-week-7-things-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"car-free Market Street.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That capital budget showcases Public Works' reach into the core business of the city's other agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Market Street initiative, mandated by the SFMTA, is just the first step in a complete makeover of the city's showcase thoroughfare. Public Works will be at the center of the $600 million project, which involves redesigned sidewalks, protected bicycle lanes, new dedicated bus lanes and transit loading zones, new streetcar tracks, revamped electrical systems for Muni vehicles, replacement of traffic signals and even new sewers and water lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of Nuru's arrest Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798496/among-city-leaders-varied-reactions-to-the-arrest-of-sf-public-works-director\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some San Francisco officials noted\u003c/a> that Public Works is different from the city's other giant agencies in one crucial way: It lacks a commission to exercise oversight of the department's activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Matt Haney said Tuesday he feels Public Works suffers from a lack of accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Public Works itself is a behemoth controlling vast areas of San Francisco government, and yet it lacks basic public accountability, like an oversight commission — a basic tool of good governance that most departments already have — to set standards and review contracts,\" Haney said in a statement. \"It is one of the largest, last standing departments to lack this level of public oversight and accountability. The result has been a recipe for corruption and a complete failure to keep our streets clean. ... The culture of pay to play politics at City Hall must end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a>Correction: This story originally reported that San Francisco Public Works put up signs and laid down markings for new bus lanes as part of the city's car-free Market Street launch. In fact, the city's Municipal Transportation Agency did that work as part of it's \"quick build\" program.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the transportation agency embarks on an ambitious street project, such as its plan to \u003ca href=\"http://bettermarketstreetsf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transform Market Street\u003c/a>, it turns to Public Works to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When one of the health department's clinics needs repairs, Public Works will make preparations and either perform the work itself or oversee a contractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the city's Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing begins work on a new navigation center for unhoused residents, Public Works builds the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When San Francisco's City Attorney's Office sought to crack down on defiant rental scooter companies, Public Works crews were sent out to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662092/s-f-scooter-battle-city-crews-seize-66-mini-vehicles-from-sidewalks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">impound e-scooters\u003c/a> they found parked illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And beyond projects like that, Public Works is involved in many other activities that directly or indirectly impact everyone who lives, works in or visits the city. The agency is responsible for cleaning the streets, keeping sidewalks and pavement in good condition, and maintaining the city's 125,000 street trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the department's other activities: operating the Pit Stop street toilets, a program that figures in the federal charges against Nuru that were disclosed Tuesday. The criminal complaint alleges Nuru shared inside information on a city contract for the portable toilets with restaurateur Nick Bovis, who had developed \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/SF-s-newest-rolling-toilets-are-an-homage-to-12367154.php#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a Painted Lady-themed restroom structure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Projects like that amount to a small line item for Public Works. The department has a fiscal 2019-20 budget of $501 million and about 1,670 employees. That ranks well behind both the Department of Public Health — which has a $2.4 billion budget and nearly 7,000 employees — and the Municipal Transportation Agency with its $1.3 billion budget and about 6,000 workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About $115 million of the budget and nearly 600 workers are devoted to capital projects — for instance, the city's intensive \"quick build\" effort to put up new signage and create new bus and bike lanes for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797529/san-franciscos-market-street-is-going-car-free-next-week-7-things-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"car-free Market Street.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That capital budget showcases Public Works' reach into the core business of the city's other agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Market Street initiative, mandated by the SFMTA, is just the first step in a complete makeover of the city's showcase thoroughfare. Public Works will be at the center of the $600 million project, which involves redesigned sidewalks, protected bicycle lanes, new dedicated bus lanes and transit loading zones, new streetcar tracks, revamped electrical systems for Muni vehicles, replacement of traffic signals and even new sewers and water lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of Nuru's arrest Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11798496/among-city-leaders-varied-reactions-to-the-arrest-of-sf-public-works-director\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some San Francisco officials noted\u003c/a> that Public Works is different from the city's other giant agencies in one crucial way: It lacks a commission to exercise oversight of the department's activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Matt Haney said Tuesday he feels Public Works suffers from a lack of accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Public Works itself is a behemoth controlling vast areas of San Francisco government, and yet it lacks basic public accountability, like an oversight commission — a basic tool of good governance that most departments already have — to set standards and review contracts,\" Haney said in a statement. \"It is one of the largest, last standing departments to lack this level of public oversight and accountability. The result has been a recipe for corruption and a complete failure to keep our streets clean. ... The culture of pay to play politics at City Hall must end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a>Correction: This story originally reported that San Francisco Public Works put up signs and laid down markings for new bus lanes as part of the city's car-free Market Street launch. In fact, the city's Municipal Transportation Agency did that work as part of it's \"quick build\" program.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:40 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate on Wednesday night concluded the first of two days full of questions in the impeachment trial of President Trump. The proceeding offered clues about the thinking of senators, but the session consisted mostly of trial lawyers on both sides magnifying arguments they have already delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were, however, controversial moments in which Trump's counsel took positions Democrats decried as radical or even unlawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump lawyer Patrick Philbin and Rep. Adam Schiff, one of the Democrats prosecuting Trump, sparred over a topic that reverberated after Wednesday's session ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philbin defended accepting \"credible\" information from foreign sources about a political rival, arguing that \"mere information is not something that would violate the campaign finance laws.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it's credible information,\" he said, \"it's relevant information for the voters to know about for people to be able to decide on who is the best candidate for an office.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His defense echoes comments Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/id-exclusive-interview-trump-listen-foreigners-offered-dirt/story?id=63669304&cid=clicksource_4380645_null\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously made\u003c/a> about accepting compromising information from foreign governments about political opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Alan Dershowitz, President Donald Trump's lawyer\"]'If a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff became animated in responding, saying the suggestion that seeking foreign interference in an American election is a president's policy should have another name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm sorry, that's what I call corruption. And they can dress it up in fine legalese, but corruption is still corruption,\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal campaign finance laws \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:52%20section:30121%20edition:prelim)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">do prohibit \u003c/a>foreign contributions, or taking a \"thing of value\" from a foreign source in U.S. elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Mich., said Senate Democrats were in \"shock\" when Philbin defended what she called a type of foreign interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is setting precedent that is unheard of in our country. And it's dangerous, dangerous, dangerous,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., said he was \"flabbergasted\" by Philbin's \"inappropriate\" remarks. \"The president's counsel tonight, in a sense gave a green light for that kind of behavior to continue,\" he said. \"I hope and pray that cooler heads will prevail but I think there was a dramatic step backwards in terms of protecting the integrity of our election.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner, a lead Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said Philbin's advocacy contradicts the work of the intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mr. Trump's own Director of the CIA, Director of NSA, Director of National Intelligence, Director of FBI, who've all said their top priority going into 2020 is to make sure foreign interference does not continue and is not allowed,\" Warner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff, sounding aghast, agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's now okay to criminally conspire with another country to get help in a presidential election?\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another striking exchange occurred when Trump lawyer Alan Dershowitz said if a president orchestrates a quid pro quo, or an exchange of favors, and it is done for more reasons than being corrupt, then the action should not trigger an impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment,\" Dershowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dershowitz said if a president does not act out of purely a \"corrupt motive,\" but rather has a \"mixed motive,\" meaning a president is acting of the country's interest and in hopes of improving reelection prospects, then the behavior cannot warrant articles of impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How many presidents have made foreign policy decisions after checking with their political advisers and pollsters?\" he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., said the position brought Dershowitz \"into the land of legal absurdity,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenBlumenthal/status/1222626330560385025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a>. \"That anything a public official does for re-election is OK. That cannot be true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The formal proceedings on Capitol Hill, in which senators from both parties submitted written questions to House managers prosecuting the case as well as Trump's defense lawyers, commenced as news emerged from the White House that the National Security Council told John Bolton, its former chief, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745122-Letter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a letter \u003c/a>that the manuscript for his upcoming book \"appears to contain significant amounts of classified information\" that needs to be excised before the book can be published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uFd3ZuChl0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is being contested by Bolton's lawyer, Charles Cooper, who on Wednesday released an email he sent last week to the National Security Council in which he asserted that nothing in Bolton's book \"could reasonably be considered classified.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper said the National Security Council never responded to the email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That manuscript, which reportedly contains dozens of pages on Trump's dealing with Ukraine, has loomed over this week's Senate impeachment trial sessions. That is because the book purportedly says Trump told Bolton that military assistance to Ukraine would be released only after Ukraine opened investigations into Trump's Democratic rivals — the allegation at the heart of Trump's impeachment and the proceedings in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first question Wednesday came from Susan Collins, Mitt Romney and Lisa Murkowski, three Republican senators who have signaled they may support a vote to hear from witnesses. They asked the president's defense lawyers how the Senate should weigh impeachment if Trump had more than one motive for his conduct. The question — like all others — were submitted to U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts, who is presiding over the trial, who read them aloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Patrick Philbin responded that \"once you're in mixed-motive land, once it is established that there is a legitimate public interest that could justify looking into something, just asking a question about something, the managers' case fails.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first question from the Democratic side was whether the Senate could render a verdict without hearing from key witnesses, such as Bolton and acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798694\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11798694\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20028771507033_custom-4043677bf5f30d2ff0afeb0e0dc942461cef616b-e1580312519783.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Democratic impeachment manager Rep. Adam Schiff (second from left) leaves a news conference on Capitol Hill on Tuesday. \u003ccite>(Jacquelyn Martin/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead House manager Adam Schiff, D-Calif., responded, \"The short answer to that question is, there is no way to have a fair trial without witnesses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer told reporters later on Wednesday that he was uncertain about the prospect of getting 51 senators to vote to call witnesses: All Democrats and those who caucus with them would need at least four Republican senators to join them in order to get witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, asked whether it mattered legally if Trump sought a quid pro quo from Ukraine's leader. Trump's attorney Alan Dershowitz responded with a broad view of executive powers, arguing that \"if a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But later, Schiff said: \"All quid pro quos are not the same. Some are legitimate and some are corrupt, and you don't need to be a mind reader to figure out which is which. For one thing, you can ask John Bolton.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer\"]'I hope we can get witnesses and documents. It's an uphill fight. Is it more likely than not? Probably no. But is it a decent good chance? Yes.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a definite shift in activity in the chamber Wednesday. Senate pages ran question cards and notes back and forth — in addition to their usual duties of running water and mail to senators' desks. Senators were also much more engaged in the question-and-answer portion. Dozens had question cards on their desks, took notes or prepared questions. Many watched the speaker at the lectern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The session, which was scheduled to last eight hours on Wednesday, will continue for a further eight on Thursday. This stage in the proceedings comes a day after the president's legal team rested in its defense of Trump. Democratic House managers made their case last week on why the president should be removed from office. Trump was impeached last month on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those watching the session Wednesday was Joseph Bondy, the attorney for Lev Parnas, a former associate of Trump's lawyer Rudy Giuliani. Bondy was in the Senate gallery as a guest of Schumer. Parnas, who has been indicted in New York for alleged campaign finance violations, wasn't in the gallery because he has to wear a GPS monitoring device as part of his pretrial release. Bondy declined to say where Parnas would watch the proceedings from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11798798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20029605326106_custom-812c1ad9fedca5e815fa848f78438444dbbd77d9-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20029605326106_custom-812c1ad9fedca5e815fa848f78438444dbbd77d9-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20029605326106_custom-812c1ad9fedca5e815fa848f78438444dbbd77d9-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lev Parnas, a Rudy Giuliani associate with ties to Ukraine, collects his belongings after going through a security checkpoint during the impeachment trial of President Trump on Wednesday. \u003ccite>(Patrick Semansky/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two days of Senate questions set the stage for a Friday vote on whether to allow witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope we can get witnesses and documents,\" Schumer told reporters during a break in the questioning. \"It's an uphill fight. Is it more likely than not? Probably no. But is it a decent good chance? Yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell also expressed concerns about GOP senators Tuesday. Although Senate Republicans including Romney of Utah, Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, Murkowski of Alaska and Collins of Maine have indicated they may be open to hearing from witnesses, their final decision is still unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Democrats, multiple potential witnesses have firsthand accounts of what they say is a quid pro quo scheme with Ukraine that forms the basis of the two impeachment charges that Trump is facing. But Republicans maintain that witnesses can inject uncertainty into the proceedings and prolong the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa., told NPR's Claudia Grisales that he remains \"very, very skeptical that there is any witness that is going to shed any light that is going to cause me to change my view on what the final outcome of what this trial ought to be.\" Republicans overwhelmingly support Trump's acquittal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the sought-after witnesses is Bolton, the former national security adviser who captured Washington's attention this week following the release of revelations in his forthcoming book. Those purported book details, first reported by \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, placed pressure on senators to vote to allow witnesses into the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the NSC in a Jan. 23 letter to Cooper, Bolton's lawyer, said: \"Under federal law and the nondisclosure agreements your client signed as a condition for gaining access to classified information, the manuscript may not be published or otherwise disclosed without the deletion of this classified information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, signed by the NSC's record management official, Ellen Knight, said the council would work with Bolton to help identify what material in the manuscript could be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's defense team has argued that the manuscript would be \"inadmissible\" in the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Trump have accused Democrats of trying to invalidate the result of the 2016 election. They say Trump has not committed any crime and therefore cannot be removed from office, even though many legal scholars say a law need not be broken to secure an impeachment conviction that would remove a president from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although two previous presidents, Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson, have also been impeached, no U.S. president has ever been removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats impeached Trump last month for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress for what the prosecution team says was a campaign to pressure Ukraine into opening investigations into Trump's political rivals by holding up $391 million in congressionally approved security assistance in order to apply leverage on Ukrainian authorities. House Democrats say the White House's refusal to cooperate with the impeachment investigation is proof of a cover-up and amounts to obstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Impeachment+Trial+Moves+To+Question+Phase%2C+While+Witness+Vote+Looms&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Trump's legal team argued that accepting election information from foreign sources does not violate federal laws. Democrats called the assertion shocking.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:40 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate on Wednesday night concluded the first of two days full of questions in the impeachment trial of President Trump. The proceeding offered clues about the thinking of senators, but the session consisted mostly of trial lawyers on both sides magnifying arguments they have already delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were, however, controversial moments in which Trump's counsel took positions Democrats decried as radical or even unlawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump lawyer Patrick Philbin and Rep. Adam Schiff, one of the Democrats prosecuting Trump, sparred over a topic that reverberated after Wednesday's session ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philbin defended accepting \"credible\" information from foreign sources about a political rival, arguing that \"mere information is not something that would violate the campaign finance laws.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it's credible information,\" he said, \"it's relevant information for the voters to know about for people to be able to decide on who is the best candidate for an office.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His defense echoes comments Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/id-exclusive-interview-trump-listen-foreigners-offered-dirt/story?id=63669304&cid=clicksource_4380645_null\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously made\u003c/a> about accepting compromising information from foreign governments about political opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff became animated in responding, saying the suggestion that seeking foreign interference in an American election is a president's policy should have another name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm sorry, that's what I call corruption. And they can dress it up in fine legalese, but corruption is still corruption,\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal campaign finance laws \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:52%20section:30121%20edition:prelim)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">do prohibit \u003c/a>foreign contributions, or taking a \"thing of value\" from a foreign source in U.S. elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Mich., said Senate Democrats were in \"shock\" when Philbin defended what she called a type of foreign interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is setting precedent that is unheard of in our country. And it's dangerous, dangerous, dangerous,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., said he was \"flabbergasted\" by Philbin's \"inappropriate\" remarks. \"The president's counsel tonight, in a sense gave a green light for that kind of behavior to continue,\" he said. \"I hope and pray that cooler heads will prevail but I think there was a dramatic step backwards in terms of protecting the integrity of our election.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner, a lead Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said Philbin's advocacy contradicts the work of the intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mr. Trump's own Director of the CIA, Director of NSA, Director of National Intelligence, Director of FBI, who've all said their top priority going into 2020 is to make sure foreign interference does not continue and is not allowed,\" Warner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff, sounding aghast, agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's now okay to criminally conspire with another country to get help in a presidential election?\" Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another striking exchange occurred when Trump lawyer Alan Dershowitz said if a president orchestrates a quid pro quo, or an exchange of favors, and it is done for more reasons than being corrupt, then the action should not trigger an impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment,\" Dershowitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dershowitz said if a president does not act out of purely a \"corrupt motive,\" but rather has a \"mixed motive,\" meaning a president is acting of the country's interest and in hopes of improving reelection prospects, then the behavior cannot warrant articles of impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How many presidents have made foreign policy decisions after checking with their political advisers and pollsters?\" he asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., said the position brought Dershowitz \"into the land of legal absurdity,\" he \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenBlumenthal/status/1222626330560385025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a>. \"That anything a public official does for re-election is OK. That cannot be true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The formal proceedings on Capitol Hill, in which senators from both parties submitted written questions to House managers prosecuting the case as well as Trump's defense lawyers, commenced as news emerged from the White House that the National Security Council told John Bolton, its former chief, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745122-Letter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a letter \u003c/a>that the manuscript for his upcoming book \"appears to contain significant amounts of classified information\" that needs to be excised before the book can be published.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1uFd3ZuChl0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1uFd3ZuChl0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>That is being contested by Bolton's lawyer, Charles Cooper, who on Wednesday released an email he sent last week to the National Security Council in which he asserted that nothing in Bolton's book \"could reasonably be considered classified.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper said the National Security Council never responded to the email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That manuscript, which reportedly contains dozens of pages on Trump's dealing with Ukraine, has loomed over this week's Senate impeachment trial sessions. That is because the book purportedly says Trump told Bolton that military assistance to Ukraine would be released only after Ukraine opened investigations into Trump's Democratic rivals — the allegation at the heart of Trump's impeachment and the proceedings in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first question Wednesday came from Susan Collins, Mitt Romney and Lisa Murkowski, three Republican senators who have signaled they may support a vote to hear from witnesses. They asked the president's defense lawyers how the Senate should weigh impeachment if Trump had more than one motive for his conduct. The question — like all others — were submitted to U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts, who is presiding over the trial, who read them aloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Patrick Philbin responded that \"once you're in mixed-motive land, once it is established that there is a legitimate public interest that could justify looking into something, just asking a question about something, the managers' case fails.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first question from the Democratic side was whether the Senate could render a verdict without hearing from key witnesses, such as Bolton and acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798694\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11798694\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20028771507033_custom-4043677bf5f30d2ff0afeb0e0dc942461cef616b-e1580312519783.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House Democratic impeachment manager Rep. Adam Schiff (second from left) leaves a news conference on Capitol Hill on Tuesday. \u003ccite>(Jacquelyn Martin/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lead House manager Adam Schiff, D-Calif., responded, \"The short answer to that question is, there is no way to have a fair trial without witnesses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer told reporters later on Wednesday that he was uncertain about the prospect of getting 51 senators to vote to call witnesses: All Democrats and those who caucus with them would need at least four Republican senators to join them in order to get witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, asked whether it mattered legally if Trump sought a quid pro quo from Ukraine's leader. Trump's attorney Alan Dershowitz responded with a broad view of executive powers, arguing that \"if a president does something which he believes will help him get elected in the public interest, that cannot be the kind of quid pro quo that results in impeachment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But later, Schiff said: \"All quid pro quos are not the same. Some are legitimate and some are corrupt, and you don't need to be a mind reader to figure out which is which. For one thing, you can ask John Bolton.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a definite shift in activity in the chamber Wednesday. Senate pages ran question cards and notes back and forth — in addition to their usual duties of running water and mail to senators' desks. Senators were also much more engaged in the question-and-answer portion. Dozens had question cards on their desks, took notes or prepared questions. Many watched the speaker at the lectern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The session, which was scheduled to last eight hours on Wednesday, will continue for a further eight on Thursday. This stage in the proceedings comes a day after the president's legal team rested in its defense of Trump. Democratic House managers made their case last week on why the president should be removed from office. Trump was impeached last month on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those watching the session Wednesday was Joseph Bondy, the attorney for Lev Parnas, a former associate of Trump's lawyer Rudy Giuliani. Bondy was in the Senate gallery as a guest of Schumer. Parnas, who has been indicted in New York for alleged campaign finance violations, wasn't in the gallery because he has to wear a GPS monitoring device as part of his pretrial release. Bondy declined to say where Parnas would watch the proceedings from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798798\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11798798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20029605326106_custom-812c1ad9fedca5e815fa848f78438444dbbd77d9-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20029605326106_custom-812c1ad9fedca5e815fa848f78438444dbbd77d9-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/ap_20029605326106_custom-812c1ad9fedca5e815fa848f78438444dbbd77d9-s800-c85-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lev Parnas, a Rudy Giuliani associate with ties to Ukraine, collects his belongings after going through a security checkpoint during the impeachment trial of President Trump on Wednesday. \u003ccite>(Patrick Semansky/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two days of Senate questions set the stage for a Friday vote on whether to allow witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope we can get witnesses and documents,\" Schumer told reporters during a break in the questioning. \"It's an uphill fight. Is it more likely than not? Probably no. But is it a decent good chance? Yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell also expressed concerns about GOP senators Tuesday. Although Senate Republicans including Romney of Utah, Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, Murkowski of Alaska and Collins of Maine have indicated they may be open to hearing from witnesses, their final decision is still unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Democrats, multiple potential witnesses have firsthand accounts of what they say is a quid pro quo scheme with Ukraine that forms the basis of the two impeachment charges that Trump is facing. But Republicans maintain that witnesses can inject uncertainty into the proceedings and prolong the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa., told NPR's Claudia Grisales that he remains \"very, very skeptical that there is any witness that is going to shed any light that is going to cause me to change my view on what the final outcome of what this trial ought to be.\" Republicans overwhelmingly support Trump's acquittal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the sought-after witnesses is Bolton, the former national security adviser who captured Washington's attention this week following the release of revelations in his forthcoming book. Those purported book details, first reported by \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, placed pressure on senators to vote to allow witnesses into the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the NSC in a Jan. 23 letter to Cooper, Bolton's lawyer, said: \"Under federal law and the nondisclosure agreements your client signed as a condition for gaining access to classified information, the manuscript may not be published or otherwise disclosed without the deletion of this classified information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, signed by the NSC's record management official, Ellen Knight, said the council would work with Bolton to help identify what material in the manuscript could be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's defense team has argued that the manuscript would be \"inadmissible\" in the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Trump have accused Democrats of trying to invalidate the result of the 2016 election. They say Trump has not committed any crime and therefore cannot be removed from office, even though many legal scholars say a law need not be broken to secure an impeachment conviction that would remove a president from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although two previous presidents, Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson, have also been impeached, no U.S. president has ever been removed from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats impeached Trump last month for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress for what the prosecution team says was a campaign to pressure Ukraine into opening investigations into Trump's political rivals by holding up $391 million in congressionally approved security assistance in order to apply leverage on Ukrainian authorities. House Democrats say the White House's refusal to cooperate with the impeachment investigation is proof of a cover-up and amounts to obstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Impeachment+Trial+Moves+To+Question+Phase%2C+While+Witness+Vote+Looms&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stockton Police Used Excessive Force in False Arrest That Knocked Out Teen's Teeth, Jury Finds",
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"content": "\u003cp>A civil jury has awarded almost three-quarters of a million dollars to Stockton resident Joseph Green in a long-stalled civil lawsuit that accused the city and two police officers of false arrest and excessive force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then 16-year-old Green stopped at a gas station convenience store on Feb. 17, 2011, to buy candy for his 5-year-old sister while his mother filled the car up with gas. Green tried to pay with a damaged bill, which the clerk wouldn’t take. Plainclothes Stockton police Officer Robert Johnson, who was grabbing water with his partner, Officer Robert Wong, was waiting in line behind Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The store’s surveillance cameras captured a violent altercation between Green and Johnson that played out over the next 10 minutes, video that was played over and over again in court last week. The video appears to contradict information in Johnson’s police report on the incident and parts of his sworn testimony in the civil case. The arrest for allegedly trespassing and resisting arrest ended with Green being hauled out of the store in handcuffs, his blood and two front teeth left behind on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury found on Jan. 22 that Johnson had falsely arrested Green and had used excessive force. Green was awarded $710,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Arrest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video, which contains no audio, shows that after the clerk refused to take Green’s damaged dollar, Johnson got involved. Johnson wrote in his police report that he directed Green to leave the store, that he pulled out his badge to identify himself and that Green responded by saying “F you and your badge.” Green said Johnson escalated the situation first, yelling at him to “get the F out of the store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLEm6K1l4es\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This video has been edited for brevity and clarity. View the \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/bo5Cq8_qT0s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raw video files here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two can be seen in heated conversation for about 15 seconds before Green turns to leave, walking toward the exit, opening the door and taking a step out into the rainy afternoon. Johnson follows him, grabs him from behind and pulls him back inside. Johnson testified that he told Green he was under arrest for trespassing, and Green’s attempt to leave meant that he was fleeing arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green’s attorney, Charles Piccuta, argued that it was absurd for the officer to arrest a suspect for trespassing at precisely the moment he was leaving. What really happened, Piccuta said, was a reaction to Green’s words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who challenges his authority is going to pay,” Piccuta told the jury. “That’s what he did, he paid him back for mouthing out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said as soon as he pulled Green back into the store, there was a tussle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were pushing and pulling,” Johnson testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green said what happened was less of a tussle and more of an attack, that Johnson grabbed him and pushed him to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the video angle changes, almost all of the incident is captured. Less than 10 seconds pass between Johnson grabbing Green as he tries to leave and Green ending up on the ground in an aisle of the convenience store. Johnson testified that they tripped over a stack of shopping baskets. Green said he clipped those carts as he was already on his way down, forcefully pushed by Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use of Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson testified that Green’s teeth were knocked out when they fell. Green said he fell onto his back and that he was injured after he was already on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said that once Green was on the ground, he punched the 16 year old to prevent Green from spitting blood on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green and his lawyer also said that while Johnson held him on the ground, first waiting for handcuffs and then for a uniformed officer, Johnson pressed the full weight of his body onto Green, making it almost impossible for him to breathe. Green said he thought he was going to suffocate. At the time of the incident, the teenage Green weighed 130 pounds while Johnson totaled 220 pounds. Johnson told the court he used proper police procedure to detain Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a key point in the surveillance video, when Green argued the officer slammed his face into the floor. Green’s legs appear to jerk upward in response to the blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson denied that he ever thrust Green’s head to the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s me rolling Mr. Green back,” Johnson testified. “I picked him up by his shoulders and rolled him back over to his stomach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson denied that it was a use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just view that as rolling him back over. We roll people over all the time to pat them down,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Evidence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson testified that Green was carrying a “black digital scale,” which he said made him believe Green could be involved in selling drugs and could be carrying a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my experience, people who carry black digital scales are involved in the narcotics trade,” Johnson told the jury. The scale was never entered into evidence and cannot be seen on the video. Johnson said it was returned back to Green. Green said there was never any scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another claim made by the defense: that after Green was arrested, Johnson staged the scene to support the story he was building about how Green got injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Green was taken away in handcuffs, the video shows Johnson returning to the stack of handheld shopping baskets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson can be seen taking the baskets out of the holder and placing them near the middle of the aisle. He put the baskets down almost exactly where they landed after Green first went down, and then he snapped a picture. Later, that photograph would end up attached to the police report with no explanation and no mention of the repositioning. On the stand, Johnson said he moved the baskets and photographed them “to show the narrowness of the aisle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury found Johnson acted with “malice, oppression or fraud,” and that his partner, Officer Wong, failed to stop the excessive use of force and played a role in Green’s false arrest. Green and his lawyer decided not to ask for punitive damages in exchange for the defendants waiving their right to appeal and promising to pay the awarded amount within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Piccuta said that he believed the video footage made all the difference in the jury’s verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know that we would have as strong a chance of winning this case, but for the video,” Piccuta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Johnson and Wong are currently employed as police officers in the city of Stockton. Last year, Wong was promoted to sergeant. In 2018, Johnson was selected as officer of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A civil jury has awarded almost three-quarters of a million dollars to Stockton resident Joseph Green in a long-stalled civil lawsuit that accused the city and two police officers of false arrest and excessive force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then 16-year-old Green stopped at a gas station convenience store on Feb. 17, 2011, to buy candy for his 5-year-old sister while his mother filled the car up with gas. Green tried to pay with a damaged bill, which the clerk wouldn’t take. Plainclothes Stockton police Officer Robert Johnson, who was grabbing water with his partner, Officer Robert Wong, was waiting in line behind Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The store’s surveillance cameras captured a violent altercation between Green and Johnson that played out over the next 10 minutes, video that was played over and over again in court last week. The video appears to contradict information in Johnson’s police report on the incident and parts of his sworn testimony in the civil case. The arrest for allegedly trespassing and resisting arrest ended with Green being hauled out of the store in handcuffs, his blood and two front teeth left behind on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury found on Jan. 22 that Johnson had falsely arrested Green and had used excessive force. Green was awarded $710,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Arrest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video, which contains no audio, shows that after the clerk refused to take Green’s damaged dollar, Johnson got involved. Johnson wrote in his police report that he directed Green to leave the store, that he pulled out his badge to identify himself and that Green responded by saying “F you and your badge.” Green said Johnson escalated the situation first, yelling at him to “get the F out of the store.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pLEm6K1l4es'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pLEm6K1l4es'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This video has been edited for brevity and clarity. View the \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/bo5Cq8_qT0s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raw video files here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two can be seen in heated conversation for about 15 seconds before Green turns to leave, walking toward the exit, opening the door and taking a step out into the rainy afternoon. Johnson follows him, grabs him from behind and pulls him back inside. Johnson testified that he told Green he was under arrest for trespassing, and Green’s attempt to leave meant that he was fleeing arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green’s attorney, Charles Piccuta, argued that it was absurd for the officer to arrest a suspect for trespassing at precisely the moment he was leaving. What really happened, Piccuta said, was a reaction to Green’s words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone who challenges his authority is going to pay,” Piccuta told the jury. “That’s what he did, he paid him back for mouthing out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said as soon as he pulled Green back into the store, there was a tussle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were pushing and pulling,” Johnson testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green said what happened was less of a tussle and more of an attack, that Johnson grabbed him and pushed him to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the video angle changes, almost all of the incident is captured. Less than 10 seconds pass between Johnson grabbing Green as he tries to leave and Green ending up on the ground in an aisle of the convenience store. Johnson testified that they tripped over a stack of shopping baskets. Green said he clipped those carts as he was already on his way down, forcefully pushed by Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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