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"slug": "trumps-changes-to-immigration-could-take-years-to-undo-experts-say",
"title": "Trump's Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential contest ramps up, President Trump is doubling down on restricting immigration to the U.S. — a key campaign pledge he made during his first run for the White House and one that he is hoping will earn him a second term. For many voters, immigration could be a defining issue in November — whether they support or oppose his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first week in office in January 2017, Trump issued a series of directives to dramatically increase border enforcement, expand detention and deportation of immigrants and halt refugee resettlement. The president often speaks of immigrants as “dangerous” and a threat to Americans, using words like “criminals” and calling a migrant caravan an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three years on, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching, touching legal immigrants and asylum-seekers as well as immigrants in the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s antagonists, including California political leaders, have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/11/05/all-the-presidents-immigration-lawsuits/#68e55c6a7d8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scores of lawsuits\u003c/a> blocking many of the administration’s immigration moves — at least temporarily. But judges have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed\u003c/a> other policies to take effect, even as legal challenges work their way through federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801948\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11801948 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement provided this handout of an ICE enforcement operation it said was targeting immigration fugitives and re-entrants, among others, on Feb. 9, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Bryan Cox/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s harsh rhetoric and restrictive policies present a stark contrast with the Democratic field of presidential candidates. But analysts say the scope of the changes made by the Trump administration is so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s enforcement push comes at a time when illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Total%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201925%20-%20FY%202019%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far lower\u003c/a> than it was 20 years ago. And most undocumented immigrants have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, just 577,000 immigrants were granted lawful permanent residence last year, far fewer than any time in the past two decades, when the U.S. issued roughly 1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/table1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">green cards\u003c/a> annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘One of the Major Eras of Xenophobia?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some immigration scholars say this presidency is more hostile to immigrants than any in modern history, while advocates who favor tougher immigration policies applaud Trump’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis School of Law Dean Kevin R. Johnson contrasted the current era with the 1950s, when more than 1 million Mexicans were rounded up in a mass deportation campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when he put in place Operation Wetback, President Eisenhower didn’t talk about immigrants the way this president does,” Johnson said. “The talk about race, and the fear created in immigrant communities, are what differentiates this president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jessica Vaughan, the Center for Immigration Studies']‘Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched.’[/pullquote]“In a historical sense, it represents one of the major eras of xenophobia,” said University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing, comparing this period to the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said that while Trump’s language is “coarse,” she gives him high marks for clamping down “to de-incentivize people streaming up to the border, thinking they’d be released into the interior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched,” added Vaughn, whose center favors reducing immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a> polls show that most Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> border security as well as a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, and they favor taking in refugees of war and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757637\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11757637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/ap_19126782050207_wide-926c85f779a71eddf5da6a166e583dd036c4cd76-800x450.jpg\" alt='Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. The labor union representing asylum officers claims the policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic la' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Christian Torres/AP )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Little Tweaks, Huge Policy Implications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, immigration changes under Trump have not been enshrined in new laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he has used his executive authority, like other presidents before him, to accomplish his goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11801856 label='the lasting impact of trump' hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_immigration_girl-qut-1020x642.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little tweaks have huge policy implications,” said Sarah Pierce, an immigration policy analyst at the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. “So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what those changes add up to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s pledge to build a wall on the Mexican border galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. Despite legal challenges, conservative court majorities have recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794969121/appeals-court-allows-trump-to-divert-3-6-billion-in-military-funds-for-border-wa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed construction\u003c/a> to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797410228/at-11-billion-and-counting-trumps-border-wall-would-be-the-worlds-most-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations, blocking tens of thousands of migrants from being considered for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: Over the past year, border officials sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. It’s next to impossible for migrants in the so-called Remain in Mexico program to find U.S. immigration lawyers, and fewer than 200 have won their cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule\u003c/a> shut out all asylum-seekers who crossed a “third country” en route to the U.S. but didn’t ask for protection there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed both policies\u003c/a> to take effect while lower courts hear legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps — and prompted a broad, bipartisan backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who cross the border illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal judge in San Diego halted the separations and ordered the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People demonstrate in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2018, demanding an end to the separation of migrant children from their parents. (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work — to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 800,000\u003c/a> young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end DACA, calling it an \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overreach\u003c/a> of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785839/u-s-supreme-court-takes-on-daca-and-the-fate-of-nearly-200000-california-dreamers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expected\u003c/a> to rule this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> in his first days in office, Trump wiped away Obama’s deportation priorities, which had focused on violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who had no criminal record grew — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to Pierce of the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as that’s being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, many more non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-annual-refugee-resettlement-ceilings-and-number-refugees-admitted-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slashed\u003c/a> the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected, to a historic low of 18,000 for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Sarah Pierce, Migration Policy Institute']‘Little tweaks have huge policy implications. So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.’[/pullquote]The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190329_RS20844_40bba737bf5e4440ac7bebb19757db87fe994fa4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">400,000 TPS holders\u003c/a> could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783511/trump-administration-extends-protections-for-many-salvadorans-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody are protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/infonet/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flores settlement agreement\u003c/a>. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769437/whats-in-new-trump-immigration-rule-overriding-flores-agreement-3-key-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rules aimed\u003c/a> at replacing Flores and permitting long-term family detention, which the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/six-children-died-in-border-patrol-care-democrats-in-congress-want-to-know-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died\u003c/a> of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees immigration courts, has tried to speed up deportations by setting a quota requiring judges to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Attorney General Sessions also stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases. Sessions also ordered judges to reopen more than 300,000 cases that had been administratively closed. That’s on top of a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/480165-immigration-judges-are-retiring-and-quitting-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unbearable\u003c/a>” work environment and threatening due process for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11796924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11796924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Implications\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How lasting President Trump’s immigration restrictions prove will largely depend on the 2020 election, and who wins not just the presidency but also control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union speech in early February, Trump emphasized his push to build a border wall, his opposition to sanctuary cities and his agreements that turn back asylum-seekers at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a strategy that Jessica Vaughan, with the conservative Center for Immigration Studies, believes will be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are insistent that the laws be enforced. That’s a strength for him going into this election and he knows it,” she said. “We’re going to see him keep doing things he thinks are going to play well with voters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11797878,news_11796825,news_11785839]But others believe Trump’s tough-on-immigrants approach could backfire this year, even though it worked for him in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Barreto, a professor of political science at UCLA and co-founder of the Latino Decisions polling firm, said \u003ca href=\"http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1996/TheStateoftheLatinoVote.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polls show Latino\u003c/a> and immigrant voters are angry over the president’s racially polarizing language, family separations and the deaths of migrant children in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in favor of putting kids in cages and giving them space blankets,” Barreto said. “It’s a hard thing to sell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robust Latino turnout in 2018 helped flip at least a dozen congressional seats from Republican to Democrat, according to Barreto’s research, and it could play a big role in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think on Super Tuesday we’ll get a really big clue,” he said. “We’ll have [primaries in] Texas and California both. If the turnout is really robust we’ll see that people are amped up and ready to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is reelected, Vaughan and others expect him to put forward a major immigration bill crafted by presidential adviser and son-in-law Jared Kushner. The proposal codifies many restrictive enforcement measures and favors high-skilled immigrants over family-based immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For advocates and politicians, immigration is intensely polarizing, said Theresa Cardinal Brown, director of immigration policy at the centrist Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration is now ranking up amongst those insoluble, intractable issues like abortion and gun control,” she said. “There’s no middle ground that people will admit to … And that’s highly problematic for an issue like immigration that has to be legislated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she believes that public opinion is more nuanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People believe in a middle ground,” she said. “They say, ‘Sure we can secure our borders, but we can also have compassion for immigrants. Sure we can tighten our legal immigration system, but that doesn’t mean we have to break up families.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Trump's Changes to Immigration Could Take Years to Undo — Even With a New President | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the 2020 presidential contest ramps up, President Trump is doubling down on restricting immigration to the U.S. — a key campaign pledge he made during his first run for the White House and one that he is hoping will earn him a second term. For many voters, immigration could be a defining issue in November — whether they support or oppose his policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his first week in office in January 2017, Trump issued a series of directives to dramatically increase border enforcement, expand detention and deportation of immigrants and halt refugee resettlement. The president often speaks of immigrants as “dangerous” and a threat to Americans, using words like “criminals” and calling a migrant caravan an “invasion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three years on, the transformation of federal immigration policy has been far-reaching, touching legal immigrants and asylum-seekers as well as immigrants in the country without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s antagonists, including California political leaders, have filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/11/05/all-the-presidents-immigration-lawsuits/#68e55c6a7d8e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scores of lawsuits\u003c/a> blocking many of the administration’s immigration moves — at least temporarily. But judges have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed\u003c/a> other policies to take effect, even as legal challenges work their way through federal courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801948\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11801948 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02142020_ICE-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement provided this handout of an ICE enforcement operation it said was targeting immigration fugitives and re-entrants, among others, on Feb. 9, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Bryan Cox/U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s harsh rhetoric and restrictive policies present a stark contrast with the Democratic field of presidential candidates. But analysts say the scope of the changes made by the Trump administration is so broad that the effects are likely to endure for years, even if the president is not reelected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s enforcement push comes at a time when illegal immigration at the U.S.-Mexico border is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2020-Jan/U.S.%20Border%20Patrol%20Total%20Apprehensions%20%28FY%201925%20-%20FY%202019%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">far lower\u003c/a> than it was 20 years ago. And most undocumented immigrants have lived in the U.S. for a decade or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, just 577,000 immigrants were granted lawful permanent residence last year, far fewer than any time in the past two decades, when the U.S. issued roughly 1 million \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/table1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">green cards\u003c/a> annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘One of the Major Eras of Xenophobia?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some immigration scholars say this presidency is more hostile to immigrants than any in modern history, while advocates who favor tougher immigration policies applaud Trump’s approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis School of Law Dean Kevin R. Johnson contrasted the current era with the 1950s, when more than 1 million Mexicans were rounded up in a mass deportation campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even when he put in place Operation Wetback, President Eisenhower didn’t talk about immigrants the way this president does,” Johnson said. “The talk about race, and the fear created in immigrant communities, are what differentiates this president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“In a historical sense, it represents one of the major eras of xenophobia,” said University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing, comparing this period to the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, said that while Trump’s language is “coarse,” she gives him high marks for clamping down “to de-incentivize people streaming up to the border, thinking they’d be released into the interior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost every part of our immigration system has been touched,” added Vaughn, whose center favors reducing immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1660/immigration.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opinion\u003c/a> polls show that most Americans \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/12/americans-immigration-policy-priorities-divisions-between-and-within-the-two-parties/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">support\u003c/a> border security as well as a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, and they favor taking in refugees of war and violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757637\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11757637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/ap_19126782050207_wide-926c85f779a71eddf5da6a166e583dd036c4cd76-800x450.jpg\" alt='Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. The labor union representing asylum officers claims the policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic la' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants cross a bridge in Mexico to be processed as asylum-seekers in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Christian Torres/AP )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Little Tweaks, Huge Policy Implications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, immigration changes under Trump have not been enshrined in new laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he has used his executive authority, like other presidents before him, to accomplish his goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little tweaks have huge policy implications,” said Sarah Pierce, an immigration policy analyst at the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. “So any future administration that’s more friendly to immigration is going to require decades to reverse this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what those changes add up to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Trying to build a border wall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump’s pledge to build a wall on the Mexican border galvanized enthusiasm among his supporters, but it has proven difficult — and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved much less money than Trump requested — $1.3 billion in the 2020 spending bill, rather than $8.6 billion. Despite legal challenges, conservative court majorities have recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/09/794969121/appeals-court-allows-trump-to-divert-3-6-billion-in-military-funds-for-border-wa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed construction\u003c/a> to move ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of January, the government had built one mile of new barrier and 100 miles of replacement or secondary fencing — at a cost of almost $20 million per mile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/17/797410228/at-11-billion-and-counting-trumps-border-wall-would-be-the-worlds-most-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting access to asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration may not have gotten far with a physical wall, but it has succeeded in erecting a virtual wall of regulations, blocking tens of thousands of migrants from being considered for asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: Over the past year, border officials sent about 60,000 non-Mexicans back to Mexico to wait while their asylum cases are decided in U.S. immigration courts. It’s next to impossible for migrants in the so-called Remain in Mexico program to find U.S. immigration lawyers, and fewer than 200 have won their cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/16/2019-15246/asylum-eligibility-and-procedural-modifications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new rule\u003c/a> shut out all asylum-seekers who crossed a “third country” en route to the U.S. but didn’t ask for protection there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal courts have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/11/759981451/supreme-court-allows-government-to-curtail-asylum-requests-during-legal-fight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allowed both policies\u003c/a> to take effect while lower courts hear legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Separating families and zero tolerance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing migrant children from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border was one of the Trump administration’s most controversial steps — and prompted a broad, bipartisan backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The separations began after then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a “zero tolerance” policy aimed at criminally prosecuting all adults — including parents — who cross the border illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, a federal judge in San Diego halted the separations and ordered the reunification of families. More than 18 months later, perhaps as many as 2,000 of the more than 5,500 separated children still have not been reunited with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11798878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11798878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-986359448.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People demonstrate in Washington, DC, on June 28, 2018, demanding an end to the separation of migrant children from their parents. (Photo credit should read NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Pushing to end DACA \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals has granted temporary protection from deportation — and permission to work — to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 800,000\u003c/a> young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration moved to end DACA, calling it an \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-sessions-delivers-remarks-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">overreach\u003c/a> of President Barack Obama’s executive power. The University of California and others sued, and federal judges have kept the program in place while the case is appealed. The U.S. Supreme Court is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11785839/u-s-supreme-court-takes-on-daca-and-the-fate-of-nearly-200000-california-dreamers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expected\u003c/a> to rule this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently about 650,000 DACA recipients and nearly 200,000 of them live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Broadening immigration enforcement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united-states/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> in his first days in office, Trump wiped away Obama’s deportation priorities, which had focused on violent criminals and recent border crossers. Instead, Trump made just about any “removable alien” a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the share of immigrants arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement who had no criminal record grew — from 14% in 2016 to 36% last year, according to Pierce of the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Restricting legal immigration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the administration may expand the so-called “public charge” rule, even as that’s being challenged in court. The rule is a sweeping effort to restrict lower-income immigrants from becoming permanent U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has long denied green cards to people who used substantial cash assistance from the government. Now the rule applies to immigrants who have used, or might use, many more non-cash benefits, including food stamps and MediCal — even for short periods. San Francisco and Santa Clara counties filed the first challenge to the rule, saying it could hurt the U.S. citizen children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Refugee and humanitarian restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-annual-refugee-resettlement-ceilings-and-number-refugees-admitted-united\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slashed\u003c/a> the number of refugees the U.S. will admit annually — from 85,000 when he was elected, to a historic low of 18,000 for 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The administration has also tried to terminate Temporary Protected Status for citizens of six countries allowed to stay in the U.S. following war or natural disaster. Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20190329_RS20844_40bba737bf5e4440ac7bebb19757db87fe994fa4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">400,000 TPS holders\u003c/a> could face deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783511/trump-administration-extends-protections-for-many-salvadorans-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending TPS for people from El Salvador, Haiti, Nicaragua, Sudan, Honduras and Nepal. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is deciding whether to allow that injunction to stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Aiming to expand detention of children\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children in immigration custody are protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/infonet/flores-v-reno-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Flores settlement agreement\u003c/a>. It says children should be released to an adult sponsor — but if they remain in custody, it must be in a licensed child care facility, not a jail-like setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, a federal judge in Los Angeles ruled that kids must be released promptly from ICE family detention centers, generally within 20 days. Last year, the Trump administration published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769437/whats-in-new-trump-immigration-rule-overriding-flores-agreement-3-key-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal rules aimed\u003c/a> at replacing Flores and permitting long-term family detention, which the L.A. judge blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, six migrant children \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/six-children-died-in-border-patrol-care-democrats-in-congress-want-to-know-why\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">died\u003c/a> of illness in federal custody between September 2018 and May 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>— Tightening pressure on immigration courts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department, which oversees immigration courts, has tried to speed up deportations by setting a quota requiring judges to complete 700 cases a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Attorney General Sessions also stripped authority from immigration judges, barring them from dismissing or suspending low-priority cases. Sessions also ordered judges to reopen more than 300,000 cases that had been administratively closed. That’s on top of a historic backlog of more than 1 million cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration judges say their limited discretion and the pressure to close cases faster is creating an “\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/480165-immigration-judges-are-retiring-and-quitting-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unbearable\u003c/a>” work environment and threatening due process for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11796924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11796924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/01172020_asylum-seeker_mexico-qut.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman waits to hear her place on a list of people waiting in Tijuana, Mexico, on Nov. 18, 2018, to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Implications\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How lasting President Trump’s immigration restrictions prove will largely depend on the 2020 election, and who wins not just the presidency but also control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union speech in early February, Trump emphasized his push to build a border wall, his opposition to sanctuary cities and his agreements that turn back asylum-seekers at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a strategy that Jessica Vaughan, with the conservative Center for Immigration Studies, believes will be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are insistent that the laws be enforced. That’s a strength for him going into this election and he knows it,” she said. “We’re going to see him keep doing things he thinks are going to play well with voters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But others believe Trump’s tough-on-immigrants approach could backfire this year, even though it worked for him in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Barreto, a professor of political science at UCLA and co-founder of the Latino Decisions polling firm, said \u003ca href=\"http://publications.unidosus.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1996/TheStateoftheLatinoVote.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polls show Latino\u003c/a> and immigrant voters are angry over the president’s racially polarizing language, family separations and the deaths of migrant children in federal custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s in favor of putting kids in cages and giving them space blankets,” Barreto said. “It’s a hard thing to sell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robust Latino turnout in 2018 helped flip at least a dozen congressional seats from Republican to Democrat, according to Barreto’s research, and it could play a big role in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think on Super Tuesday we’ll get a really big clue,” he said. “We’ll have [primaries in] Texas and California both. If the turnout is really robust we’ll see that people are amped up and ready to participate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is reelected, Vaughan and others expect him to put forward a major immigration bill crafted by presidential adviser and son-in-law Jared Kushner. The proposal codifies many restrictive enforcement measures and favors high-skilled immigrants over family-based immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For advocates and politicians, immigration is intensely polarizing, said Theresa Cardinal Brown, director of immigration policy at the centrist Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration is now ranking up amongst those insoluble, intractable issues like abortion and gun control,” she said. “There’s no middle ground that people will admit to … And that’s highly problematic for an issue like immigration that has to be legislated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she believes that public opinion is more nuanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People believe in a middle ground,” she said. “They say, ‘Sure we can secure our borders, but we can also have compassion for immigrants. Sure we can tighten our legal immigration system, but that doesn’t mean we have to break up families.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Advocates Call Sending Border Patrol Agents to Sanctuary Cities a Scare Tactic",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning to send border patrol agents to large sanctuary cities across the United States, like San Francisco, to assist with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some immigration experts think this move is just a scare tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that border patrol agents would be deployed to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying \"ICE does not have sufficient resources to effectively manage the sustained increase in non-detained cases which is exacerbated by the rise of sanctuary jurisdictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing disagrees with the idea that there aren't enough federal immigration officials to adequately enforce the area. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is likely true that there are fewer, per-capita, arrests in places like San Francisco and Santa Clara County than there are, per-capita, in other cities that are non-sanctuary cities,\" Hing said. \"But it's not because of lack of personnel. It's because the local police are not calling ICE up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are questioning the logic behind the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reallocating CBP [Customs and Border Protection] agents for interior enforcement seems to suggest that the claimed crisis at the border cannot be the existential threat the administration has claimed it to be,\" said Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a law professor at Santa Clara University. \"Apparently elite CBP units can be spared for other activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>, passed in 1989, generally prevents city employees from using funds or resources to assist with federal immigration enforcement, unless required by state law. In 2013, the city passed the \"Due Process For All\" ordinance, which \"limits when City law enforcement officers may give ICE advance notice of a person’s release from local jail\" and prevents them from assisting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE detainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621200/governor-jerry-brown-signs-sanctuary-state-bill-setting-up-standoff-with-trump-adminstration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed similar legislation\u003c/a> into law, making California a so-called \"sanctuary state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been critical of these laws, arguing that they make the country less safe. In 2018, the federal government filed a legal challenge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654234/a-g-sessions-to-make-major-announcement-on-sanctuary-policies-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against the policy\u003c/a>. And just a few weeks ago, President Trump highlighted sanctuary cities and states during his State of the Union address, calling it an \"outrageous law\" with \"catastrophic results.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Francisco Mayor London Breed said the deployment of CBP agents is \"designed to create widespread fear and distrust and will deeply harm our entire community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants rights organizations have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pangealegal.org/news-and-updates/2020/2/14/press-release-california-immigrant-rights-advocates-condemn-militarized-escalation-against-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticized the action\u003c/a>, calling it \"a calculated maneuver to promote fear and intimidate cities and states that are upholding our values of common humanity and equal justice for everyone, including immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border patrol agents have additional authority within 100 miles of the U.S. border, which includes the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>, that allows them to set up vehicle immigration checkpoints. However, agents cannot search a vehicle without a warrant or \"probable cause,\" meaning a\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> reasonable suspicion\u003c/a> that a crime has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials would not confirm where exactly CBP agents would be sent, or how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is planning to send border patrol agents to large sanctuary cities across the United States, like San Francisco, to assist with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some immigration experts think this move is just a scare tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security confirmed that border patrol agents would be deployed to assist Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying \"ICE does not have sufficient resources to effectively manage the sustained increase in non-detained cases which is exacerbated by the rise of sanctuary jurisdictions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But University of San Francisco law professor Bill Ong Hing disagrees with the idea that there aren't enough federal immigration officials to adequately enforce the area. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is likely true that there are fewer, per-capita, arrests in places like San Francisco and Santa Clara County than there are, per-capita, in other cities that are non-sanctuary cities,\" Hing said. \"But it's not because of lack of personnel. It's because the local police are not calling ICE up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are questioning the logic behind the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reallocating CBP [Customs and Border Protection] agents for interior enforcement seems to suggest that the claimed crisis at the border cannot be the existential threat the administration has claimed it to be,\" said Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a law professor at Santa Clara University. \"Apparently elite CBP units can be spared for other activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/oceia/sanctuary-city-ordinance-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>, passed in 1989, generally prevents city employees from using funds or resources to assist with federal immigration enforcement, unless required by state law. In 2013, the city passed the \"Due Process For All\" ordinance, which \"limits when City law enforcement officers may give ICE advance notice of a person’s release from local jail\" and prevents them from assisting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE detainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621200/governor-jerry-brown-signs-sanctuary-state-bill-setting-up-standoff-with-trump-adminstration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed similar legislation\u003c/a> into law, making California a so-called \"sanctuary state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been critical of these laws, arguing that they make the country less safe. In 2018, the federal government filed a legal challenge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654234/a-g-sessions-to-make-major-announcement-on-sanctuary-policies-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">against the policy\u003c/a>. And just a few weeks ago, President Trump highlighted sanctuary cities and states during his State of the Union address, calling it an \"outrageous law\" with \"catastrophic results.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, San Francisco Mayor London Breed said the deployment of CBP agents is \"designed to create widespread fear and distrust and will deeply harm our entire community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants rights organizations have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.pangealegal.org/news-and-updates/2020/2/14/press-release-california-immigrant-rights-advocates-condemn-militarized-escalation-against-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticized the action\u003c/a>, calling it \"a calculated maneuver to promote fear and intimidate cities and states that are upholding our values of common humanity and equal justice for everyone, including immigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border patrol agents have additional authority within 100 miles of the U.S. border, which includes the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco and Los Angeles\u003c/a>, that allows them to set up vehicle immigration checkpoints. However, agents cannot search a vehicle without a warrant or \"probable cause,\" meaning a\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> reasonable suspicion\u003c/a> that a crime has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials would not confirm where exactly CBP agents would be sent, or how many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge Orders Trump Administration to Quickly Bring Back SF Man Wrongly Deported to Chad",
"title": "Judge Orders Trump Administration to Quickly Bring Back SF Man Wrongly Deported to Chad",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco told the Trump administration to expedite the return of a gay man who was deported to Chad last year while he was seeking asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer told federal officials, including a representative from the Department of Homeland Security, to speed up the delivery of a boarding document to Abderaman Oumar Yaide that will allow him to return to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if they don't provide that letter before the next court-ordered status conference in two weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The government needs to put a boarding letter for a plane in Oumar's hands by that time and, if not, he'll order someone from the State Department to appear in front of him in court,\" said Yaide's lawyer, Sean Lai McMahon with Pangea Legal Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaide came to San Francisco in 2009, seeking political asylum. His case was denied by an immigration judge in 2014, and for years he's been appealing the decision. Since then, Yaide has come out as gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11801925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Pangea Legal Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In August 2019, Yaide was arrested by immigration officials and placed in deportation proceedings. He and his lawyers asked the Board of Immigration Appeals to reconsider his asylum claim due to the fact that Chad had \u003ca href=\"https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/chad/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outlawed homosexuality\u003c/a> in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the appeal was being processed, Yaide was deported back to Chad, in Central Africa, where his lawyers say he fears he will be \"tortured and killed by his own family, clan or the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Judge Breyer ordered the federal government to return him to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since being back in Chad, his lawyers said Yaide has been in hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the moment, he is not in immediate danger,\" McMahon said. \"But I think that every day that he spends there heightens the risk, and I don't want to keep taking that risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, McMahon reported that Yaide was able to obtain a Chadian passport. He did so with the help of a third party, in part because he’s afraid to go out in public, McMahon said. That brings him one step closer to being able to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, during the hearing, the government also said it would appeal the order to return Yaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's incredibly surprising,” McMahon said. “When the judge issued his order on Dec. 18, he stayed the order, meaning it didn't go into effect in order to give the government time to appeal. So for them to file it now is frustrating for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers with the federal government said they're filing a \"protective appeal,\" a move that reserves the right to appeal the case, whether or not they follow through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like just another roadblock the government is putting in the way of Oumar's right to come back and seek asylum here,\" McMahon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Breyer ordered the two sides to return to court on Feb. 28 to update him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several politicians have come out in support of Yaide, including U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=D71FF193-4D09-4D0D-8E62-F8D94745112D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a>. Earlier this month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2020/02/417035/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> a resolution supporting his return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen Scott Wiener and Assemblymember David Chiu have also expressed their support on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DavidChiu/status/1227304498684743680?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Scott_Wiener/status/1224011863152910343?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Oumar Yaide, who came to San Francisco in 2009 seeking political asylum, was deported last year. His lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco told the Trump administration to expedite the return of a gay man who was deported to Chad last year while he was seeking asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer told federal officials, including a representative from the Department of Homeland Security, to speed up the delivery of a boarding document to Abderaman Oumar Yaide that will allow him to return to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if they don't provide that letter before the next court-ordered status conference in two weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The government needs to put a boarding letter for a plane in Oumar's hands by that time and, if not, he'll order someone from the State Department to appear in front of him in court,\" said Yaide's lawyer, Sean Lai McMahon with Pangea Legal Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yaide came to San Francisco in 2009, seeking political asylum. His case was denied by an immigration judge in 2014, and for years he's been appealing the decision. Since then, Yaide has come out as gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11801925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11801925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-800x601.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/Oumar-Yaide-With-Friends-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oumar Yaide, pictured with friends in San Francisco, has been in hiding in Chad since he was deported. Yaide's lawyers say he fears for his life in Chad, which outlawed homosexuality in 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Pangea Legal Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In August 2019, Yaide was arrested by immigration officials and placed in deportation proceedings. He and his lawyers asked the Board of Immigration Appeals to reconsider his asylum claim due to the fact that Chad had \u003ca href=\"https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/chad/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">outlawed homosexuality\u003c/a> in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the appeal was being processed, Yaide was deported back to Chad, in Central Africa, where his lawyers say he fears he will be \"tortured and killed by his own family, clan or the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Judge Breyer ordered the federal government to return him to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since being back in Chad, his lawyers said Yaide has been in hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For the moment, he is not in immediate danger,\" McMahon said. \"But I think that every day that he spends there heightens the risk, and I don't want to keep taking that risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, McMahon reported that Yaide was able to obtain a Chadian passport. He did so with the help of a third party, in part because he’s afraid to go out in public, McMahon said. That brings him one step closer to being able to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, during the hearing, the government also said it would appeal the order to return Yaide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's incredibly surprising,” McMahon said. “When the judge issued his order on Dec. 18, he stayed the order, meaning it didn't go into effect in order to give the government time to appeal. So for them to file it now is frustrating for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers with the federal government said they're filing a \"protective appeal,\" a move that reserves the right to appeal the case, whether or not they follow through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like just another roadblock the government is putting in the way of Oumar's right to come back and seek asylum here,\" McMahon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Breyer ordered the two sides to return to court on Feb. 28 to update him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several politicians have come out in support of Yaide, including U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=D71FF193-4D09-4D0D-8E62-F8D94745112D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/a>. Earlier this month, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2020/02/417035/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> a resolution supporting his return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen Scott Wiener and Assemblymember David Chiu have also expressed their support on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DavidChiu/status/1227304498684743680?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Under a Trump administration pilot program, U.S. Border Patrol agents are \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioremigrantdna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collecting DNA from migrants\u003c/a> and entering the genetic information into a criminal database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With plans to expand the program, children as young as 14 are having their saliva swabbed by federal agents who then put the samples in a database that until now has been used only for people arrested, charged or convicted of serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t worry, I’m sure\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797878/zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> this administration\u003c/a> would never use the collected information for nefarious purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Under a Trump administration pilot program, U.S. Border Patrol agents are collecting DNA from migrants and entering it into a criminal database.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Under a Trump administration pilot program, U.S. Border Patrol agents are \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioremigrantdna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collecting DNA from migrants\u003c/a> and entering the genetic information into a criminal database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With plans to expand the program, children as young as 14 are having their saliva swabbed by federal agents who then put the samples in a database that until now has been used only for people arrested, charged or convicted of serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t worry, I’m sure\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11797878/zero-tolerance-an-ongoing-history-of-family-separations-at-the-u-s-mexico-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> this administration\u003c/a> would never use the collected information for nefarious purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration has launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/10/22/2019-22877/dna-sample-collection-from-immigration-detainees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot program\u003c/a> to collect DNA samples from migrants in two locations with plans to expand nationwide. The data is sent to the FBI and entered into a criminal database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/privacy-pia-dhs080-detaineedna-january2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Homeland Security says, “prompt DNA-sample collection could be essential to the detection and solution of crimes [aliens] may have committed or may commit in the United States.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration also argues collecting DNA will stop migrant adults from smuggling children across the border and falsely posing as their parents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates counter that the program will not reduce criminal activity or help solve crimes because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607652253/studies-say-illegal-immigration-does-not-increase-violent-crime\">multiple studies\u003c/a> show that illegal immigration does not result in more lawlessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Border Patrol agents are learning how to collect DNA from a training video provided by the FBI. People who refuse to submit samples could face misdemeanor charges. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whose DNA is Collected? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal agents are collecting cheek swabs from people as young as 14 who are in immigration custody at two U.S. locations: at the Canadian border in and around Detroit, and at the official port of entry in Eagle Pass, Texas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal permanent residents and those planning to enter the country legally will not be required to submit samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pilot program began on Jan. 6 and will continue for 90 days. The government plans to expand the program nationwide. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At present, more than 40,000 people are in medium or long term detention. About a million people circulate through immigration custody each year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]“It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.” Charleen Adams, geneticist[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People land in detention for a variety of reasons: crossing the border illegally, seeking asylum, work site raids, or overstaying a visa. Most \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. However, migrants’ DNA\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> samples are registered and held in perpetuity in the FBI criminal database, the Combined Index Data System (CODIS). Historically, that archive has housed genetic information from people who have been arrested, charged or convicted in relation to serious crimes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Privacy Concerns\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Civil rights advocates worry the expanded genetic testing compromises the privacy of people in detention and their families. Some scientists fear the information could wrongfully target a vulnerable population and lead to false criminal convictions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vera Eidelman, a staff lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project, calls the program population surveillance. She said the government could use the genetic information to locate family members or even deny people health insurance because DNA is much more powerful than a fingerprint. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not simply identify me as Vera,” Eidelman said. “It also says Vera is related to x, y and z other people. By the way, she also has the BRCA gene or other propensities for medical conditions. It is not simply about identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Hank Greely, a bioethicist at Stanford University, worries less than Eidelman about these potential uses. Although it is not explicitly clear what genetic information the government will catalog, experts assume it’s the 20 markers that make up the typical DNA profile in the FBI database. This is not a detailed analysis. It’s much less information than a 23andMe or Ancestry.com test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had a kid at the border and wanted to know whether its father was in the CODIS database,” Greely said in an email, “you would likely get hundreds of hits, whether or not the father actually was in the database. That’s not very helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said the government’s efforts to collect DNA are a waste of money because, in his opinion, it’s unlikely the current administration will allow many of the detainees into the country so the likelihood they’ll commit crimes here is also limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is no good reason to collect personal data, including DNA data, and it isn’t being done voluntarily, then it’s unethical: some risk for no gain is not ethical,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is not the first time DNA collection efforts have alarmed civil rights advocates. California and other states already collect samples from anyone \u003cem>arrested\u003c/em> for a felony offense. That has helped to solve crimes, but the practice is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/tns-california-dna-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversial\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Possible Wrongful Convictions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists fear the program could put the wrong people behind bars because DNA is not foolproof. Someone’s DNA could end up at a crime scene they’ve never visited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We pick it [DNA] up and we do transfer it,” said Greg Hampikian, a forensic geneticist at Boise State University. “It’s in the hair we leave behind. It’s on our clothing, cups and utensils.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DNA can pass between people at a public laundromat, on a toilet seat or even in a bag of donated clothes, and it can last for decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“DNA is really excellent at identifying people,” Hampikian said. “It is really poor at telling us how it got there.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infamous Amanda Knox trial is an example of how DNA can snare innocent people. In 2007 in Perugia, Italy the 20-year-old American college student was accused of stabbing her UK housemate to death. Some of Knox’s DNA was found on the handle of a kitchen knife. A speck of the victim’s DNA was on the blade. Knox spent four years in prison before an appeals court released her, only to be found guilty again. Finally in 2015, after Italian DNA experts reviewed the case Knox was pronounced not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans find DNA evidence strongly persuasive. A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1603/crime.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup poll\u003c/a> showed that 85 percent of Americans consider DNA evidence to be very or completely convincing. Once a DNA sample is entered into a trial as evidence it is very difficult to convince a jury the accused is innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Future Implications\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charleen Adams, a geneticist at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif., \u003c/span>worries the program sets people up to distrust researchers. She\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>noted that people who are forced to relinquish their genetic information at the border may later refuse to volunteer for studies that could directly benefit them, like research on breast cancer in Latinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I feel appalled that that this would slip through without discussion because it is dangerous,” Adams said. “It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity, she added, is never guaranteed. If the data were to be hacked, they could be used to deny a person employment. Adams also worries about sampling errors at the border, or lab mix-ups that could lead to false negatives or false positives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Government Plans to Expand DNA Collection From Migrant Detainees | KQED",
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"headline": "Government Plans to Expand DNA Collection From Migrant Detainees",
"datePublished": "2020-02-10T09:41:03-08:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration has launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/10/22/2019-22877/dna-sample-collection-from-immigration-detainees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot program\u003c/a> to collect DNA samples from migrants in two locations with plans to expand nationwide. The data is sent to the FBI and entered into a criminal database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/privacy-pia-dhs080-detaineedna-january2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Homeland Security says, “prompt DNA-sample collection could be essential to the detection and solution of crimes [aliens] may have committed or may commit in the United States.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration also argues collecting DNA will stop migrant adults from smuggling children across the border and falsely posing as their parents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates counter that the program will not reduce criminal activity or help solve crimes because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607652253/studies-say-illegal-immigration-does-not-increase-violent-crime\">multiple studies\u003c/a> show that illegal immigration does not result in more lawlessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Border Patrol agents are learning how to collect DNA from a training video provided by the FBI. People who refuse to submit samples could face misdemeanor charges. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whose DNA is Collected? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal agents are collecting cheek swabs from people as young as 14 who are in immigration custody at two U.S. locations: at the Canadian border in and around Detroit, and at the official port of entry in Eagle Pass, Texas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal permanent residents and those planning to enter the country legally will not be required to submit samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pilot program began on Jan. 6 and will continue for 90 days. The government plans to expand the program nationwide. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At present, more than 40,000 people are in medium or long term detention. About a million people circulate through immigration custody each year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People land in detention for a variety of reasons: crossing the border illegally, seeking asylum, work site raids, or overstaying a visa. Most \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. However, migrants’ DNA\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> samples are registered and held in perpetuity in the FBI criminal database, the Combined Index Data System (CODIS). Historically, that archive has housed genetic information from people who have been arrested, charged or convicted in relation to serious crimes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Privacy Concerns\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Civil rights advocates worry the expanded genetic testing compromises the privacy of people in detention and their families. Some scientists fear the information could wrongfully target a vulnerable population and lead to false criminal convictions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vera Eidelman, a staff lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project, calls the program population surveillance. She said the government could use the genetic information to locate family members or even deny people health insurance because DNA is much more powerful than a fingerprint. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not simply identify me as Vera,” Eidelman said. “It also says Vera is related to x, y and z other people. By the way, she also has the BRCA gene or other propensities for medical conditions. It is not simply about identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Hank Greely, a bioethicist at Stanford University, worries less than Eidelman about these potential uses. Although it is not explicitly clear what genetic information the government will catalog, experts assume it’s the 20 markers that make up the typical DNA profile in the FBI database. This is not a detailed analysis. It’s much less information than a 23andMe or Ancestry.com test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had a kid at the border and wanted to know whether its father was in the CODIS database,” Greely said in an email, “you would likely get hundreds of hits, whether or not the father actually was in the database. That’s not very helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said the government’s efforts to collect DNA are a waste of money because, in his opinion, it’s unlikely the current administration will allow many of the detainees into the country so the likelihood they’ll commit crimes here is also limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is no good reason to collect personal data, including DNA data, and it isn’t being done voluntarily, then it’s unethical: some risk for no gain is not ethical,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is not the first time DNA collection efforts have alarmed civil rights advocates. California and other states already collect samples from anyone \u003cem>arrested\u003c/em> for a felony offense. That has helped to solve crimes, but the practice is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/tns-california-dna-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversial\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Possible Wrongful Convictions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists fear the program could put the wrong people behind bars because DNA is not foolproof. Someone’s DNA could end up at a crime scene they’ve never visited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We pick it [DNA] up and we do transfer it,” said Greg Hampikian, a forensic geneticist at Boise State University. “It’s in the hair we leave behind. It’s on our clothing, cups and utensils.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DNA can pass between people at a public laundromat, on a toilet seat or even in a bag of donated clothes, and it can last for decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“DNA is really excellent at identifying people,” Hampikian said. “It is really poor at telling us how it got there.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infamous Amanda Knox trial is an example of how DNA can snare innocent people. In 2007 in Perugia, Italy the 20-year-old American college student was accused of stabbing her UK housemate to death. Some of Knox’s DNA was found on the handle of a kitchen knife. A speck of the victim’s DNA was on the blade. Knox spent four years in prison before an appeals court released her, only to be found guilty again. Finally in 2015, after Italian DNA experts reviewed the case Knox was pronounced not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans find DNA evidence strongly persuasive. A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1603/crime.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup poll\u003c/a> showed that 85 percent of Americans consider DNA evidence to be very or completely convincing. Once a DNA sample is entered into a trial as evidence it is very difficult to convince a jury the accused is innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Future Implications\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charleen Adams, a geneticist at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif., \u003c/span>worries the program sets people up to distrust researchers. She\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>noted that people who are forced to relinquish their genetic information at the border may later refuse to volunteer for studies that could directly benefit them, like research on breast cancer in Latinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I feel appalled that that this would slip through without discussion because it is dangerous,” Adams said. “It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity, she added, is never guaranteed. If the data were to be hacked, they could be used to deny a person employment. Adams also worries about sampling errors at the border, or lab mix-ups that could lead to false negatives or false positives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Lost Hope': Tens of Thousands of Asylum-Seekers Face Tough Prospects in US Courts",
"title": "'Lost Hope': Tens of Thousands of Asylum-Seekers Face Tough Prospects in US Courts",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Douglas Oviedo was among the first asylum-seekers the Trump administration required to wait in Mexico for a decision on their immigration claims. The evangelical pastor from Honduras remembers reporters and immigrant advocates greeting him as authorities escorted him from the U.S. back to Tijuana on Jan. 30, 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That spotlight, he said, led the American Civil Liberties Union to ask him to join a lawsuit seeking to stop the new policy, known as “Remain in Mexico.” And that’s how he eventually met an attorney who would represent him in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was very lucky,” Oviedo, 36, told KQED. “When I was returned, a lot of people had their eyes on what was happening because it was a new policy of the U.S. government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Saul Arzu, another asylum-seeker from Honduras, was also sent back to Tijuana a month later, no TV cameras were rolling. Arzu became one of tens of thousands of migrants forced to wait for months south of the border, in relative obscurity and unable to find an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to be on my own before the judge,” said Arzu, 31. “I was left to defend myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviedo won asylum in the U.S., a feat that so far a tiny fraction of people in the Remain in Mexico program have achieved. Now a resident of the the Bay Area, Oviedo has a job and plans to raise funds to help migrants at the border and the at-risk youth he used to work with in Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Arzu lost his asylum claim and was deported to Honduras. Back in his hometown of La Ceiba, one of the most violent cities in the country, he wonders if he’ll be able to dodge the gang members who initially made him flee. He’s lost hope, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One year into the unprecedented U.S. policy, officially called the Migrant Protection Protocols, immigration authorities have sent back nearly 60,000 mostly Central American asylum-seekers to Mexico. And they have transformed the prospects for those seeking U.S. protection at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jessica Vaughan, Center for Immigration Studies']'It has made it possible for people who do qualify for asylum, who are genuinely in need of protection, to get relief sooner because they are in more accelerated proceedings.'[/pullquote]Only 187 people — 0.3% of the men, women and children placed in Remain in Mexico — have won the protections so far. Meanwhile, one-third, almost 20,000 people, have lost their claims and were ordered deported, according to researchers at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For asylum-seekers who are allowed to pursue their claims while residing in the U.S., obtaining protection is more likely: Immigration courts granted asylum in about 30% of cases last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the Remain in Mexico policy say it prevents migrants who want to come work in the U.S. from abusing the asylum system, while offering migrants with legitimate claims faster proceedings, as those cases are prioritized by immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has made it possible for people who do qualify for asylum, who are genuinely in need of protection, to get relief sooner because they are in more accelerated proceedings,” said Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, which favors reducing immigration. “Before they would simply have been put in limbo, waiting for years for their first hearings even.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics counter that the policy places vulnerable migrants at risk in dangerous areas of Mexico and erodes due process rights. It’s next to impossible for asylum-seekers in Mexico, who are often living in shelters or in the streets, to find legal help, assemble evidence and present their cases to U.S. courts, according to interviews with migrants and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of an asylum process in name only,” said Lisa Knox, an immigration lawyer who represented Oviedo in his claim. “The reality is that, for most people there, they are not getting a fair shake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. immigration law is complex, and migrants often don’t speak English or understand how to build a successful asylum claim and navigate the court system. Representation by a U.S. immigration lawyer is key to winning the protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 5% of people in the Remain in Mexico program have legal representation. By contrast, 37% of all immigrants fighting deportation cases have an attorney, according to the American Immigration Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Lisa Knox, immigration lawyer']'It’s ... an asylum process in name only. The reality is that, for most people there, they are not getting a fair shake.'[/pullquote]To obtain asylum, non-citizens must prove a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviedo fled Honduras under death threats by gang members. He said he worked for years getting youth out of gangs and into church in a neighborhood known for murders in broad daylight. After a 15-year-old boy who attended Oviedo’s church was killed, he organized a march to demand the government tackle crime and protect residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was mad because the government wasn’t doing its job to protect youth, to protect a child, to protect families,” said Oviedo, who publicly called for the government to install security cameras and assign more police officers to patrol the streets. “Because of that, the gang started following me and threatening me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, Oviedo traveled to the U.S. border as part of a caravan of about 5,000 Central American migrants and reached Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 29, 2019, the same day the Trump administration first put Remain in Mexico into action, Oviedo approached U.S. border authorities and requested asylum. He was returned to Mexico the following day with a court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the following nine months in Tijuana, Oviedo co-founded a shelter for migrant women and children that recently opened its doors, and helped organize a festival to ease tensions between long-term residents of the border city and newly arrived Central Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Oviedo had a strong asylum case, it wasn’t guaranteed he’d win, said his attorney, who traveled to Tijuana five times to prepare the claim and meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Douglas is an extraordinary individual ... there were articles and witnesses to support his claim,” Knox said. “But it was still a lot of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Saul Arzu, whose asylum claim was denied']'We’ve lost hope here. There’s nothing left but to live the time we’ve got left. It’s tough but that’s the reality.'[/pullquote]Saul Arzu also fled Honduras because he feared he’d be killed by gangs. Gang members murdered his cousins, and once they attacked him and slashed him in the head, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Oviedo, Arzu said he participated in protests against the government of President Juan Orlando Hernández, whose brother was convicted on drug trafficking charges last fall in New York. He ties the widespread violence in Honduras to his country’s corrupt government, and he believes the police are in league with organized crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most of those in Remain in Mexico, Arzu couldn’t find a pro bono attorney after he first approached U.S. border authorities on Feb. 22. He tried calling U.S. legal nonprofits during the ensuing months he spent in Tijuana, he said, but couldn’t find anyone who would take his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arzu said robbers stole his cellphone and $500 in Tijuana. During his immigration court hearing in San Diego, he pleaded with a judge to not return him to Mexico, where he said he didn’t feel safe. Authorities locked him up at the Otay Mesa immigration detention center instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, a different judge heard his case and denied his asylum claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government attorney arguing against him, told the judge that conditions in Honduras were safe enough for him to return, said Arzu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t defend myself from what he was saying,” Arzu recalled. “The judge asked me for my argument first, but after the prosecutor’s turn, the judge didn’t give me a chance to speak again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11738062' label='Related Coverage']Arzu said that when he first got back to La Ceiba, he tried to stay out of sight of gang members. But now, he said, he’s working whatever odd jobs he can find, because he “can’t stay hidden forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost hope here. There’s nothing left but to live the time we’ve got left,” Arzu said by phone from Honduras. “It’s tough but that’s the reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800693\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Douglas Oviedo, 36, is one of a small group of people whose asylum claims at the U.S-Mexico border have been approved ever since the Trump administration implemented its 'Remain in Mexico' policy, which requires asylum seekers to wait in Mexico while their asylum cases are being evaluated.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Oviedo, 36, is one of a small group of people whose asylum claims at the U.S-Mexico border have been approved ever since the Trump administration implemented its 'Remain in Mexico' policy, which requires asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico while their asylum cases are being evaluated. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oviedo won asylum last September. Two weeks later, he attended a hearing at the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco and witnessed a panel of judges considering the lawsuit he joined with California-based legal aid nonprofits against the policy, which is still under review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never imagined I’d be able to be in that courtroom. It was a great feeling,” Oviedo said. “There’s thousands of migrants at the border who feel they’ve been abandoned. But they are not alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to move to the Bay Area because friends helped him connect with an elderly sponsor who offered him a temporary place to stay at her home in Hercules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a new U.S. work permit in his pocket, Oviedo commutes three hours each way to remodel and paint houses in Daly City. While riding BART, he plans his next steps to organize a camp for about 150 troubled youth in Honduras, and to raise funds so U.S. immigration attorneys can travel to Tijuana to represent more asylum-seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here on the train, it’s a time to reflect, to think about the future and all the projects I want to get done,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Douglas Oviedo was among the first asylum-seekers the Trump administration required to wait in Mexico for a decision on their immigration claims. The evangelical pastor from Honduras remembers reporters and immigrant advocates greeting him as authorities escorted him from the U.S. back to Tijuana on Jan. 30, 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That spotlight, he said, led the American Civil Liberties Union to ask him to join a lawsuit seeking to stop the new policy, known as “Remain in Mexico.” And that’s how he eventually met an attorney who would represent him in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was very lucky,” Oviedo, 36, told KQED. “When I was returned, a lot of people had their eyes on what was happening because it was a new policy of the U.S. government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Saul Arzu, another asylum-seeker from Honduras, was also sent back to Tijuana a month later, no TV cameras were rolling. Arzu became one of tens of thousands of migrants forced to wait for months south of the border, in relative obscurity and unable to find an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to be on my own before the judge,” said Arzu, 31. “I was left to defend myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviedo won asylum in the U.S., a feat that so far a tiny fraction of people in the Remain in Mexico program have achieved. Now a resident of the the Bay Area, Oviedo has a job and plans to raise funds to help migrants at the border and the at-risk youth he used to work with in Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Arzu lost his asylum claim and was deported to Honduras. Back in his hometown of La Ceiba, one of the most violent cities in the country, he wonders if he’ll be able to dodge the gang members who initially made him flee. He’s lost hope, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One year into the unprecedented U.S. policy, officially called the Migrant Protection Protocols, immigration authorities have sent back nearly 60,000 mostly Central American asylum-seekers to Mexico. And they have transformed the prospects for those seeking U.S. protection at the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'It has made it possible for people who do qualify for asylum, who are genuinely in need of protection, to get relief sooner because they are in more accelerated proceedings.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Only 187 people — 0.3% of the men, women and children placed in Remain in Mexico — have won the protections so far. Meanwhile, one-third, almost 20,000 people, have lost their claims and were ordered deported, according to researchers at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For asylum-seekers who are allowed to pursue their claims while residing in the U.S., obtaining protection is more likely: Immigration courts granted asylum in about 30% of cases last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the Remain in Mexico policy say it prevents migrants who want to come work in the U.S. from abusing the asylum system, while offering migrants with legitimate claims faster proceedings, as those cases are prioritized by immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has made it possible for people who do qualify for asylum, who are genuinely in need of protection, to get relief sooner because they are in more accelerated proceedings,” said Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies at the Center for Immigration Studies, which favors reducing immigration. “Before they would simply have been put in limbo, waiting for years for their first hearings even.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics counter that the policy places vulnerable migrants at risk in dangerous areas of Mexico and erodes due process rights. It’s next to impossible for asylum-seekers in Mexico, who are often living in shelters or in the streets, to find legal help, assemble evidence and present their cases to U.S. courts, according to interviews with migrants and attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of an asylum process in name only,” said Lisa Knox, an immigration lawyer who represented Oviedo in his claim. “The reality is that, for most people there, they are not getting a fair shake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. immigration law is complex, and migrants often don’t speak English or understand how to build a successful asylum claim and navigate the court system. Representation by a U.S. immigration lawyer is key to winning the protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only 5% of people in the Remain in Mexico program have legal representation. By contrast, 37% of all immigrants fighting deportation cases have an attorney, according to the American Immigration Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To obtain asylum, non-citizens must prove a well-founded fear of persecution in their home country on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviedo fled Honduras under death threats by gang members. He said he worked for years getting youth out of gangs and into church in a neighborhood known for murders in broad daylight. After a 15-year-old boy who attended Oviedo’s church was killed, he organized a march to demand the government tackle crime and protect residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was mad because the government wasn’t doing its job to protect youth, to protect a child, to protect families,” said Oviedo, who publicly called for the government to install security cameras and assign more police officers to patrol the streets. “Because of that, the gang started following me and threatening me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2018, Oviedo traveled to the U.S. border as part of a caravan of about 5,000 Central American migrants and reached Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Jan. 29, 2019, the same day the Trump administration first put Remain in Mexico into action, Oviedo approached U.S. border authorities and requested asylum. He was returned to Mexico the following day with a court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the following nine months in Tijuana, Oviedo co-founded a shelter for migrant women and children that recently opened its doors, and helped organize a festival to ease tensions between long-term residents of the border city and newly arrived Central Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Oviedo had a strong asylum case, it wasn’t guaranteed he’d win, said his attorney, who traveled to Tijuana five times to prepare the claim and meet with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Douglas is an extraordinary individual ... there were articles and witnesses to support his claim,” Knox said. “But it was still a lot of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Saul Arzu also fled Honduras because he feared he’d be killed by gangs. Gang members murdered his cousins, and once they attacked him and slashed him in the head, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Oviedo, Arzu said he participated in protests against the government of President Juan Orlando Hernández, whose brother was convicted on drug trafficking charges last fall in New York. He ties the widespread violence in Honduras to his country’s corrupt government, and he believes the police are in league with organized crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most of those in Remain in Mexico, Arzu couldn’t find a pro bono attorney after he first approached U.S. border authorities on Feb. 22. He tried calling U.S. legal nonprofits during the ensuing months he spent in Tijuana, he said, but couldn’t find anyone who would take his case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arzu said robbers stole his cellphone and $500 in Tijuana. During his immigration court hearing in San Diego, he pleaded with a judge to not return him to Mexico, where he said he didn’t feel safe. Authorities locked him up at the Otay Mesa immigration detention center instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, a different judge heard his case and denied his asylum claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government attorney arguing against him, told the judge that conditions in Honduras were safe enough for him to return, said Arzu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t defend myself from what he was saying,” Arzu recalled. “The judge asked me for my argument first, but after the prosecutor’s turn, the judge didn’t give me a chance to speak again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Arzu said that when he first got back to La Ceiba, he tried to stay out of sight of gang members. But now, he said, he’s working whatever odd jobs he can find, because he “can’t stay hidden forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost hope here. There’s nothing left but to live the time we’ve got left,” Arzu said by phone from Honduras. “It’s tough but that’s the reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800693\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Douglas Oviedo, 36, is one of a small group of people whose asylum claims at the U.S-Mexico border have been approved ever since the Trump administration implemented its 'Remain in Mexico' policy, which requires asylum seekers to wait in Mexico while their asylum cases are being evaluated.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/02072020_Oviedo-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Oviedo, 36, is one of a small group of people whose asylum claims at the U.S-Mexico border have been approved ever since the Trump administration implemented its 'Remain in Mexico' policy, which requires asylum-seekers to wait in Mexico while their asylum cases are being evaluated. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oviedo won asylum last September. Two weeks later, he attended a hearing at the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco and witnessed a panel of judges considering the lawsuit he joined with California-based legal aid nonprofits against the policy, which is still under review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never imagined I’d be able to be in that courtroom. It was a great feeling,” Oviedo said. “There’s thousands of migrants at the border who feel they’ve been abandoned. But they are not alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He decided to move to the Bay Area because friends helped him connect with an elderly sponsor who offered him a temporary place to stay at her home in Hercules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a new U.S. work permit in his pocket, Oviedo commutes three hours each way to remodel and paint houses in Daly City. While riding BART, he plans his next steps to organize a camp for about 150 troubled youth in Honduras, and to raise funds so U.S. immigration attorneys can travel to Tijuana to represent more asylum-seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"Detention is NOT prison\" and \"try not to take things personally,\" are just \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two of the pointers\u003c/a> the for-profit prison company GEO Group gives to newly locked-up migrant detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the latest disturbing account to come out of the company's troubled Adelanto facility, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreadelantopepperspray\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surveillance video\u003c/a> shows detainees (who were initiating a hunger strike to protest conditions in the facility) sitting calmly at a table and then getting pepper sprayed and roughed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We sure have come a long, long way from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/colossus.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emma Lazarus' United States\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "At Least 138 Salvadorans Were Killed After US Deported Them, Report Finds",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2010, a young man fled gang recruitment and violence in his El Salvador neighborhood. He sought asylum in the United States, where his mother had already gone. But he and his mother were denied asylum and deported back to El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four months later, both were killed by gang members. The same gang that had caused them to flee in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just one account in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/02/05/deported-danger/united-states-deportation-policies-expose-salvadorans-death-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> from Human Rights Watch, documenting the harm that can come to people deported back to El Salvador, including many asylum-seekers. The group documented almost 140 killings over a six-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Alison Parker, co-author of the Human Rights Watch report\"]'El Salvador is facing a human rights crisis, and the country is struggling to keep its own citizens safe.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It comes at a time when President Trump is touting his administration's get-tough immigration policies, particularly related to arrests and deportations, as he gears up for his reelection campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year, our brave ICE [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] officers arrested more than 120,000 criminal aliens charged with nearly 10,000 burglaries, 5,000 sexual assaults, 45,000 violent assaults and 2,000 murders,\" Trump said during Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/state-of-union-transcript.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State of the Union\u003c/a> address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also celebrated entering cooperative agreements with many Central American countries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/09/20/joint-statement-between-us-government-and-government-el-salvador\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">including El Salvador\u003c/a>, aimed at diverting asylum-seekers away from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human Rights Watch says it is concerned over those cooperative agreements and urges their repeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What our report shows is that El Salvador is facing a human rights crisis, and the country is struggling to keep its own citizens safe much less provide safe protection to asylum-seekers from other countries in the region,\" said Alison Parker, San Francisco-based managing director of the U.S. Program at Human Rights Watch and co-author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/09/Pew-Research-Center_Salvadorans-in-U-S-2017-data.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center\u003c/a>, more people with Salvadoran origin live in California than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Human Rights Watch report, which was compiled between November 2018 and December 2019, looks at cases of people deported to El Salvador between 2013 and 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a series of interviews with deportees, family members, witnesses, journalists and law enforcement professionals — plus a review of Salvadoran government data, court records and news reports — the group was able to find more than 200 cases of Salvadorans being abused, beaten and, in 138 cases, murdered after returning to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Parker says, it's likely an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's actually very stigmatizing to be a deportee in El Salvador,\" Parker said. \"And that means that family members of murder victims, or other victims of crime, don't report that their loved one — or they themselves are a deportee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='asylum-seekers']In one case, Human Rights Watch found, a Salvadoran official said \"we think that if a person wasn’t wanted in the United States, it must be because the deported person is bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, many deportees are simply people who lost an asylum claim. In order to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/training/xus/crcl/asylumseekers/crcl_asylum/pdfs/Immigration%20and%20Nationality%20Act%20101(a)(42).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">qualify for asylum\u003c/a> in the U.S., an individual must have \"a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.\" Asylum-seekers must also prove that their government is persecuting them or unable or unwilling to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Human Rights Watch study spans parts of both the Obama administration and the current administration, the report points to specific Trump-era policies that narrow access to asylum protections in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human rights group also advocates reversing two decisions by U.S. attorneys general that make it more difficult to get asylum for \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/download\">people fleeing domestic violence or gang violence\u003c/a>, or for \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/file/1187856/download\">people whose family members faced persecution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Each of these factors is extremely relevant to the Salvadorans whom we interviewed for this report,\" Parker said. \"And that means it's become even more difficult for them to get protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2010, a young man fled gang recruitment and violence in his El Salvador neighborhood. He sought asylum in the United States, where his mother had already gone. But he and his mother were denied asylum and deported back to El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four months later, both were killed by gang members. The same gang that had caused them to flee in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's just one account in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/02/05/deported-danger/united-states-deportation-policies-expose-salvadorans-death-and\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new report\u003c/a> from Human Rights Watch, documenting the harm that can come to people deported back to El Salvador, including many asylum-seekers. The group documented almost 140 killings over a six-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It comes at a time when President Trump is touting his administration's get-tough immigration policies, particularly related to arrests and deportations, as he gears up for his reelection campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year, our brave ICE [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] officers arrested more than 120,000 criminal aliens charged with nearly 10,000 burglaries, 5,000 sexual assaults, 45,000 violent assaults and 2,000 murders,\" Trump said during Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/state-of-union-transcript.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State of the Union\u003c/a> address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also celebrated entering cooperative agreements with many Central American countries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2019/09/20/joint-statement-between-us-government-and-government-el-salvador\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">including El Salvador\u003c/a>, aimed at diverting asylum-seekers away from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human Rights Watch says it is concerned over those cooperative agreements and urges their repeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What our report shows is that El Salvador is facing a human rights crisis, and the country is struggling to keep its own citizens safe much less provide safe protection to asylum-seekers from other countries in the region,\" said Alison Parker, San Francisco-based managing director of the U.S. Program at Human Rights Watch and co-author of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2019/09/Pew-Research-Center_Salvadorans-in-U-S-2017-data.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pew Research Center\u003c/a>, more people with Salvadoran origin live in California than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Human Rights Watch report, which was compiled between November 2018 and December 2019, looks at cases of people deported to El Salvador between 2013 and 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a series of interviews with deportees, family members, witnesses, journalists and law enforcement professionals — plus a review of Salvadoran government data, court records and news reports — the group was able to find more than 200 cases of Salvadorans being abused, beaten and, in 138 cases, murdered after returning to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Parker says, it's likely an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's actually very stigmatizing to be a deportee in El Salvador,\" Parker said. \"And that means that family members of murder victims, or other victims of crime, don't report that their loved one — or they themselves are a deportee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In one case, Human Rights Watch found, a Salvadoran official said \"we think that if a person wasn’t wanted in the United States, it must be because the deported person is bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, many deportees are simply people who lost an asylum claim. In order to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/training/xus/crcl/asylumseekers/crcl_asylum/pdfs/Immigration%20and%20Nationality%20Act%20101(a)(42).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">qualify for asylum\u003c/a> in the U.S., an individual must have \"a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.\" Asylum-seekers must also prove that their government is persecuting them or unable or unwilling to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Human Rights Watch study spans parts of both the Obama administration and the current administration, the report points to specific Trump-era policies that narrow access to asylum protections in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human rights group also advocates reversing two decisions by U.S. attorneys general that make it more difficult to get asylum for \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/download\">people fleeing domestic violence or gang violence\u003c/a>, or for \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/file/1187856/download\">people whose family members faced persecution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Each of these factors is extremely relevant to the Salvadorans whom we interviewed for this report,\" Parker said. \"And that means it's become even more difficult for them to get protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the early morning of June 12, 2017, a group of eight Central American migrants decided to go on a hunger strike to protest conditions at the immigration detention center where they were being held in Adelanto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detainees arrive at the facility, they’re given a handbook that states \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explicitly\u003c/a>, “Detention is NOT prison.” Immigration detention is where the government holds people while deciding whether to deport them, and most detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. But this group said the conditions felt like those of a penitentiary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=802939294&mediaId=803118930\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jwp.io/s/nOiY1Pd6\">\u003cem>Don’t see this video? Click here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among their \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p128/a545987\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guards were discriminating against them, they lacked access to clean water, the bonds for their immigration cases were too expensive and they were receiving information only in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detention officers ordered them to return to their beds for a routine population “count,” the eight men refused to move from tables in the facility’s day room until they could speak to a supervisor or an official with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveillance footage obtained by NPR shows what happened next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers spent several minutes speaking to the detainees, telling them to return to their bunks. They waived a canister of pepper spray in front of them, then attempted to physically move the detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo, one of the detainees who sued two detention officers at the Adelanto facility\"]‘I couldn’t take it. I was even throwing up from the pepper gas.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video shows the detainees trying to remain seated with their arms linked. But detention officers would later claim they were inciting a “rebellion” and “assaulting” staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers then sprayed pepper spray at the men at least three times and forcibly removed them from the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they visibly recoiled from the spray, some of the detainees were pushed into walls, pulled to the ground or dragged on the floor by guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, though not seen on camera, five of the detainees were placed in hot showers. Hot water, however, can worsen the painful burning effect from pepper spray, something an internal oversight office at the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a541908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">noted\u003c/a> in a review of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it,” Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo, one of the detainees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p208/a547304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later testified\u003c/a> in a deposition. “I was even throwing up from the pepper gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All eight detainees were then sent to “segregation” — ICE’s term for solitary confinement — for 10 days for “engaging in or inciting a group demonstration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR obtained footage of the incident from a federal courthouse in Riverside where the men sued the two detention officers who used pepper spray, as well as the for-profit company that runs the facility, Florida-based GEO Group. Their lawsuit contended that the guards used excessive force and violated their civil rights and that GEO was negligent in its training. In late January, the two sides \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028.205.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notified\u003c/a> the court that they had agreed to settle the case “for a confidential amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the settlement ends 20 months of legal proceedings that — through the release of documents, depositions and video from ICE’s processing center in Adelanto — have opened a window into a facility that has come under intense scrutiny from federal inspectors and immigration advocates alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/794660949/despite-findings-of-negligent-care-ice-to-expand-troubled-calif-detention-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a> in January, a previously confidential government inspection found that the facility was failing to meet many of the government’s own standards for solitary confinement, mental health treatment and medical care. The report also found that staff at Adelanto had \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p10/a541902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">retaliated\u003c/a> against detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorneys and advocates say the conditions at Adelanto are emblematic of problems throughout an immigration detention system that has come to increasingly rely on firms like GEO to help enforce the Trump administration’s hard-line immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The acting director of ICE, Matthew Albence, \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20190726_100000_FOX__Friends/start/3960/end/4020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> in 2019 that the Adelanto facility is “representative of all our detention centers.” But he disagreed with the criticisms of immigration detention facilities, saying, “They’re safe. They’re humane. They’re secure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 40,000 people\u003c/a> are in immigration detention nationwide. Adelanto can house roughly 2,000 detainees and is set to expand under a new contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Rebellion’ or Protest? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In their depositions, guards at Adelanto described a hostile situation that threatened to spin out of control because of the detainees’ refusal to return to their bunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like — like a rebellion,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584014-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-2.html#document/p124/a3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Sgt. Giovanni Campos, one of the defendants. Commotion from the hunger strikers, he said, was leading other detainees to yell and cause a bigger disturbance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"a spokesperson for GEO Group, which runs the for-profit detention center in Adelanto\"]‘Independent reviews of the incident conducted and commissioned by the federal government found that our employees acted in accordance with established protocols and procedures.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Jane Diaz, another defendant, also referred to the incident as a “rebellion” and said her fellow officers were elbowed by the detainees as the guards tried to move them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were assaulting our staff,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p54/a546142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that environment, the guards said, their use of pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they refuse to go to count, if they refuse verbal commands, and they’re disrupting our dorm. … This is why they got sprayed,” Diaz \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p38/a546084\">said\u003c/a> during a May 2019 deposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, a GEO spokesperson wrote, “GEO strongly rejects the allegations outlined in the lawsuit, which is part of a coordinated effort to undermine immigration policies that our company plays no role in setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for GEO have also argued that the use of hot water to remove the pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water, which is the method used at the Facility for decontamination purposes, does reactivate the tingling sensation caused by the OC spray,” they argued in one \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584121-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111.html#document/p17/a549014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal filing\u003c/a>, “however, it is necessary to remove the spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO spokesperson also stated, “Independent reviews of the incident conducted and commissioned by the federal government found that our employees acted in accordance with established protocols and procedures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for ICE declined to comment, but an inspector from the Department of Homeland Security who reviewed the incident \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a545922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">concluded \u003c/a>that the use of pepper spray “was appropriate given the circumstances.” However, the inspector faulted Adelanto for failing to provide cold water when it came time to clean the spray off the detainees, writing that “warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘We Wanted to be Heard’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the detainees say that facility staff caused the disturbance by escalating the situation and using more force than necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our clients fled violence and persecution in their home countries, believing they would find safety and security in the United States,” said attorney Rachel Steinback in a statement. “Instead, they were subjected to inhumane treatment at Adelanto — and were violently punished for daring to complain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees’ attorneys cited GEO’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p11/a546074\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use-of-force policy\u003c/a>, which considers pepper spray a “major use of force.” According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p20/a546076\">policy\u003c/a>, officers can only use “major” force when, “Imminent and immediate danger to employees, inmates, or other persons exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees said they were clear with GEO staff that they were starting a “peaceful” hunger strike to get facility supervisors to discuss their complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to speak and we wanted to be heard,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p287/a546159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> one of the strikers, Julio Cesar Barahona Cornejo. “At no time did I raise my hands to try to hit them or anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions, they said, were met with hostility, then physical force, then pepper spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6679945-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-95-Second-Amended.html#document/p6/a546697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, one of the detainees broke his nose and had his tooth knocked out after he was pushed into a wall. GEO’s attorneys say it is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745532-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-132-3.html#document/p39/a547774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uncertain\u003c/a>” whether the detainee’s nose was broken during the incident, because he didn’t report it to a doctor that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they did to us, you don’t even do that to an animal,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584016-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-4.html#document/p9/a546169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> another detainee, Josue Vladimir Cortez Diaz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records in the case also raise questions about Lt. Jane Diaz’s record at the facility, including an investigation into a separate pepper spray incident from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6671213-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-151-1.html#document/p2/a546331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declaration\u003c/a> filed by Diaz’s own legal defense mentions “an April 2019 complaint/investigation related to Diaz’s attempt to use chemical agents on a detainee in violation of GEO policy.” According to the legal filing, “GEO personnel found that Diaz obstructed the investigation by not providing complete information to the investigator.” The incident “ultimately led to her termination from GEO,” according to the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Coleman, an attorney representing Diaz, Campos and GEO, stated in an email to NPR, “We can’t comment on personnel actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Treatment at Adelanto \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Advocates for immigrants say the allegations from the 2017 incident fit a broader pattern of detainee mistreatment at Adelanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Freedom of Information Act, NPR has obtained and examined hundreds of grievances filed by detainees at the facility. Several of those complaints allege threats, mistreatment and verbal abuse by Adelanto staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"adelanto\" label=\"More on Adelanto\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2018, a female detention officer said, “I won’t hesitate to drop all this [sic] dumb bitches off their bunks,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745408-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0061E.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">detainee’s complaint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How am I safe if she comes angry again?” the detainee wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another detainee \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745406-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0030W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complained\u003c/a> that when his family was visiting, a detention officer “mocked me and my family’s English.” When the detainee’s wife spoke to the officer about the comment, the detention officer responded, “Welcome to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a series of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745407-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0049W-18-0053W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a> refer to a guard “harassing” people and saying, “I don’t like Mexicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each of these three cases, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745459-Pages-From-Adelanto-Grievance-Log.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the records\u003c/a>, GEO found that the complaints were substantiated. But there is no additional information about how the company or ICE addressed these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, GEO said, “Our company took corrective action, including disciplinary action against employees, where appropriate,” but it did not provide specifics on these cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“They Treated Me Worse Than Trash”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Steinback, from the detainees’ legal team, said she hopes the settlement in this case “emboldens others who are being abused and mistreated to come forward and to expose the horrors that are happening in these private immigration detention centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo\"]‘Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the outcome, the immigration status for several of the detainees remains in flux. One of them has obtained asylum in the U.S., two had their asylum requests rejected and the five others are still awaiting final decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo did not receive asylum. He ended up in Tijuana, Mexico, after the incident, where he found work at a hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his deposition, Lopez Castillo said he had sought asylum in the U.S. to escape violence from gangs and police in El Salvador. But after his experience in immigration detention, he said he changed his mind about America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p277/a546158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Lopez Castillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They treated me worse than trash when all I was trying to do was start a life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Pe-rFNoF74s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>You can see the full video of the incident here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Exclusive%3A+Video+Shows+Controversial+Use+Of+Force+Inside+An+ICE+Detention+Center+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the early morning of June 12, 2017, a group of eight Central American migrants decided to go on a hunger strike to protest conditions at the immigration detention center where they were being held in Adelanto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detainees arrive at the facility, they’re given a handbook that states \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6609612-Adelanto-Detainee-Handbook.html#document/p36/a543360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explicitly\u003c/a>, “Detention is NOT prison.” Immigration detention is where the government holds people while deciding whether to deport them, and most detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. But this group said the conditions felt like those of a penitentiary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=802939294&mediaId=803118930\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jwp.io/s/nOiY1Pd6\">\u003cem>Don’t see this video? Click here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among their \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p128/a545987\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guards were discriminating against them, they lacked access to clean water, the bonds for their immigration cases were too expensive and they were receiving information only in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When detention officers ordered them to return to their beds for a routine population “count,” the eight men refused to move from tables in the facility’s day room until they could speak to a supervisor or an official with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveillance footage obtained by NPR shows what happened next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers spent several minutes speaking to the detainees, telling them to return to their bunks. They waived a canister of pepper spray in front of them, then attempted to physically move the detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video shows the detainees trying to remain seated with their arms linked. But detention officers would later claim they were inciting a “rebellion” and “assaulting” staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention officers then sprayed pepper spray at the men at least three times and forcibly removed them from the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they visibly recoiled from the spray, some of the detainees were pushed into walls, pulled to the ground or dragged on the floor by guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, though not seen on camera, five of the detainees were placed in hot showers. Hot water, however, can worsen the painful burning effect from pepper spray, something an internal oversight office at the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a541908\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">noted\u003c/a> in a review of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it,” Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo, one of the detainees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584113-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111-3.html#document/p208/a547304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later testified\u003c/a> in a deposition. “I was even throwing up from the pepper gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All eight detainees were then sent to “segregation” — ICE’s term for solitary confinement — for 10 days for “engaging in or inciting a group demonstration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR obtained footage of the incident from a federal courthouse in Riverside where the men sued the two detention officers who used pepper spray, as well as the for-profit company that runs the facility, Florida-based GEO Group. Their lawsuit contended that the guards used excessive force and violated their civil rights and that GEO was negligent in its training. In late January, the two sides \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028/gov.uscourts.cacd.712028.205.0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notified\u003c/a> the court that they had agreed to settle the case “for a confidential amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the settlement ends 20 months of legal proceedings that — through the release of documents, depositions and video from ICE’s processing center in Adelanto — have opened a window into a facility that has come under intense scrutiny from federal inspectors and immigration advocates alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/794660949/despite-findings-of-negligent-care-ice-to-expand-troubled-calif-detention-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR reported\u003c/a> in January, a previously confidential government inspection found that the facility was failing to meet many of the government’s own standards for solitary confinement, mental health treatment and medical care. The report also found that staff at Adelanto had \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p10/a541902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">retaliated\u003c/a> against detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration attorneys and advocates say the conditions at Adelanto are emblematic of problems throughout an immigration detention system that has come to increasingly rely on firms like GEO to help enforce the Trump administration’s hard-line immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The acting director of ICE, Matthew Albence, \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20190726_100000_FOX__Friends/start/3960/end/4020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> in 2019 that the Adelanto facility is “representative of all our detention centers.” But he disagreed with the criticisms of immigration detention facilities, saying, “They’re safe. They’re humane. They’re secure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 40,000 people\u003c/a> are in immigration detention nationwide. Adelanto can house roughly 2,000 detainees and is set to expand under a new contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Rebellion’ or Protest? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In their depositions, guards at Adelanto described a hostile situation that threatened to spin out of control because of the detainees’ refusal to return to their bunks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like — like a rebellion,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584014-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-2.html#document/p124/a3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Sgt. Giovanni Campos, one of the defendants. Commotion from the hunger strikers, he said, was leading other detainees to yell and cause a bigger disturbance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Jane Diaz, another defendant, also referred to the incident as a “rebellion” and said her fellow officers were elbowed by the detainees as the guards tried to move them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were assaulting our staff,” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p54/a546142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that environment, the guards said, their use of pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they refuse to go to count, if they refuse verbal commands, and they’re disrupting our dorm. … This is why they got sprayed,” Diaz \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p38/a546084\">said\u003c/a> during a May 2019 deposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, a GEO spokesperson wrote, “GEO strongly rejects the allegations outlined in the lawsuit, which is part of a coordinated effort to undermine immigration policies that our company plays no role in setting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for GEO have also argued that the use of hot water to remove the pepper spray was appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water, which is the method used at the Facility for decontamination purposes, does reactivate the tingling sensation caused by the OC spray,” they argued in one \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584121-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-111.html#document/p17/a549014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal filing\u003c/a>, “however, it is necessary to remove the spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO spokesperson also stated, “Independent reviews of the incident conducted and commissioned by the federal government found that our employees acted in accordance with established protocols and procedures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for ICE declined to comment, but an inspector from the Department of Homeland Security who reviewed the incident \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6278922-HQ-Part2-Copy.html#document/p15/a545922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">concluded \u003c/a>that the use of pepper spray “was appropriate given the circumstances.” However, the inspector faulted Adelanto for failing to provide cold water when it came time to clean the spray off the detainees, writing that “warm water will exacerbate the burning effect of the OC pepper spray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘We Wanted to be Heard’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the detainees say that facility staff caused the disturbance by escalating the situation and using more force than necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our clients fled violence and persecution in their home countries, believing they would find safety and security in the United States,” said attorney Rachel Steinback in a statement. “Instead, they were subjected to inhumane treatment at Adelanto — and were violently punished for daring to complain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees’ attorneys cited GEO’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p11/a546074\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">use-of-force policy\u003c/a>, which considers pepper spray a “major use of force.” According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584013-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-1.html#document/p20/a546076\">policy\u003c/a>, officers can only use “major” force when, “Imminent and immediate danger to employees, inmates, or other persons exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The detainees said they were clear with GEO staff that they were starting a “peaceful” hunger strike to get facility supervisors to discuss their complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to speak and we wanted to be heard,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p287/a546159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> one of the strikers, Julio Cesar Barahona Cornejo. “At no time did I raise my hands to try to hit them or anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions, they said, were met with hostility, then physical force, then pepper spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6679945-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-95-Second-Amended.html#document/p6/a546697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, one of the detainees broke his nose and had his tooth knocked out after he was pushed into a wall. GEO’s attorneys say it is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745532-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-132-3.html#document/p39/a547774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">uncertain\u003c/a>” whether the detainee’s nose was broken during the incident, because he didn’t report it to a doctor that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they did to us, you don’t even do that to an animal,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584016-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-4.html#document/p9/a546169\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> another detainee, Josue Vladimir Cortez Diaz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records in the case also raise questions about Lt. Jane Diaz’s record at the facility, including an investigation into a separate pepper spray incident from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6671213-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-151-1.html#document/p2/a546331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declaration\u003c/a> filed by Diaz’s own legal defense mentions “an April 2019 complaint/investigation related to Diaz’s attempt to use chemical agents on a detainee in violation of GEO policy.” According to the legal filing, “GEO personnel found that Diaz obstructed the investigation by not providing complete information to the investigator.” The incident “ultimately led to her termination from GEO,” according to the filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Coleman, an attorney representing Diaz, Campos and GEO, stated in an email to NPR, “We can’t comment on personnel actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Treatment at Adelanto \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Advocates for immigrants say the allegations from the 2017 incident fit a broader pattern of detainee mistreatment at Adelanto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Freedom of Information Act, NPR has obtained and examined hundreds of grievances filed by detainees at the facility. Several of those complaints allege threats, mistreatment and verbal abuse by Adelanto staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2018, a female detention officer said, “I won’t hesitate to drop all this [sic] dumb bitches off their bunks,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745408-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0061E.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">detainee’s complaint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How am I safe if she comes angry again?” the detainee wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another detainee \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745406-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0030W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complained\u003c/a> that when his family was visiting, a detention officer “mocked me and my family’s English.” When the detainee’s wife spoke to the officer about the comment, the detention officer responded, “Welcome to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a series of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745407-Adelanto-Grievance-18-0049W-18-0053W.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaints\u003c/a> refer to a guard “harassing” people and saying, “I don’t like Mexicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each of these three cases, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6745459-Pages-From-Adelanto-Grievance-Log.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the records\u003c/a>, GEO found that the complaints were substantiated. But there is no additional information about how the company or ICE addressed these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, GEO said, “Our company took corrective action, including disciplinary action against employees, where appropriate,” but it did not provide specifics on these cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“They Treated Me Worse Than Trash”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Steinback, from the detainees’ legal team, said she hopes the settlement in this case “emboldens others who are being abused and mistreated to come forward and to expose the horrors that are happening in these private immigration detention centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the outcome, the immigration status for several of the detainees remains in flux. One of them has obtained asylum in the U.S., two had their asylum requests rejected and the five others are still awaiting final decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isaac Antonio Lopez Castillo did not receive asylum. He ended up in Tijuana, Mexico, after the incident, where he found work at a hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his deposition, Lopez Castillo said he had sought asylum in the U.S. to escape violence from gangs and police in El Salvador. But after his experience in immigration detention, he said he changed his mind about America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not even in my country was I treated as bad as they treated me in the United States,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6584015-Rivera-Martinez-v-GEO-Group-125-3.html#document/p277/a546158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> Lopez Castillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They treated me worse than trash when all I was trying to do was start a life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/Pe-rFNoF74s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>You can see the full video of the incident here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Exclusive%3A+Video+Shows+Controversial+Use+Of+Force+Inside+An+ICE+Detention+Center+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Wrongly Targeted For Deportation, Cambodian American Returns to the US",
"title": "Wrongly Targeted For Deportation, Cambodian American Returns to the US",
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"content": "\u003cp>After landing in San Francisco International Airport from Cambodia last Wednesday evening, Sok Khoeun Loeun greeted a cheering crowd of family and friends with hugs and high fives, but he was scanning the crowd for his mother. When he reached her, he dropped to his knees, placed his head at her feet and bowed again and again with his hands clasped and fingertips raised to his forehead. Moments later, he did the same to his tearful father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to show that I respect and love them,” Loeun said, recalling last week’s emotional reunion. “They went there to support me after everything. They still showed up. It meant a lot and in our culture, that's the way to pay back our respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800318\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loeun spoke to KQED by phone from Bakersfield, where he attended a cousin’s birthday a few days later. He was making the rounds to visit with family members he hadn’t seen in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few months ago, Loeun had been resigned to never stepping foot again in America, where his parents, three sons and six brothers and sisters all live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun, 35, had lived in Fresno since he was a baby, after his family was admitted to the U.S. as refugees. But in 2015, he voluntarily left for Cambodia after learning that the Department of Homeland Security had placed him in deportation proceedings because of a 2012 marijuana possession conviction. He said the prospect of spending months or years in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention seemed far worse at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800321\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" alt=\"Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sok Khoeun Loeun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This past November, Loeun learned it was a choice he should not have had to make. After attending a legal clinic in Phnom Penh held by advocacy organizations, including San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus and the Oakland-based Asian Prisoner Support Committee, he discovered a shocking revelation: He was a U.S. citizen, and the government had no right to deport him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His return home transformed the international arrivals lobby of the airport into a joyous celebration where over 50 community members anticipated his arrival. It felt like a typical Cambodian family gathering, where foil trays of egg rolls and pink boxes of donuts were passed around and people sang and danced to Cambodian ballads blaring from a portable speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800320\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800320\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" alt=\"Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that Sok is here is really exceptional but it needs to be normal. Cambodian families need the opportunity to come together, be together and heal together,” Loeun’s attorney, Anoop Prasad, told the crowd of supporters. According to Prasad, Loeun is the third Cambodian ever to return to the U.S. after facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with an increase in ICE raids and deportations of Southeast Asians, Prasad and other advocates are stepping up their legal advocacy in an effort to reunite Cambodian deportees, like Loeun, with their families. Under the Trump administration, deportation numbers have been the highest in a decade: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf\">Removals to Cambodia\u003c/a> nearly tripled in 2018 and in January of this year alone, ICE deported an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ice-deported-25-cambodian-immigrants-most-whom-arrived-u-s-n1117906\">estimated 25 Cambodian immigrants\u003c/a> — more than 30% of the total number of Cambodians \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2019/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">deported in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizers say these deportations fracture Cambodian families, many of whom still suffer from their experiences under Cambodia’s genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, which they fled in the 1970s. Advocates hope to bring more people like Loeun home by similarly identifying bureaucratic errors made in Cambodian immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Loeun’s case, a spokesperson from U.S. Customs and Border Protection declined to comment on any pending cases as a matter of policy, and said that doing so “should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a majority of the Cambodians deported are legal residents with old felony convictions, many families struggle to understand the complexities of how the immigration and criminal justice systems overlap. That’s where lawyers like Prasad come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It honestly took only two minutes of talking to him to realize that he had American citizenship,” said Prasad, a staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who first met Loeun at the legal clinic in Phnom Penh. He says the error of targeting Loeun for deportation was “clear cut.” But Loeun, like many Cambodian deportees, lacked legal guidance at the time, so it was hardly surprising that no one challenged the government's mistake, said Prasad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether American citizens have been placed into deportation proceedings or detention, ICE spokeswoman Mary G. Houtmann said in a statement that the agency only arrests individuals with “probable cause of alienage and removability from the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann added that the agency investigates immigration status by reviewing electronic and paper records collected by federal, state, local and international agencies, as well as conducting personal interviews. “When the agency receives evidence suggesting that information in its systems is inaccurate, steps are taken to ensure the accuracy of such information,” Houtmann said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann said ICE last updated its policies and procedures for citizenship claims in November 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prasad said, however, that in some cases ICE had wrongly designated a person’s criminal conviction as a deportable offense. “Either some of [the cases] were straight up invalid, or the law wasn’t followed correctly,” Prasad said. Other immigrants, he said, didn’t get legal advice about the immigration consequences of having a conviction on their record at the time they were fighting a criminal charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800316\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800316\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" alt=\"Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S. \u003ccite>( Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about whether criminal convictions could be wrongly classified as deportable, Houtmann said the agency does not make the determination if a person is removable. “That decision rests with immigration courts, which fall under the Department of Justice,” she wrote in a statement. “ICE officers carry out the removal decisions made by the federal immigration judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Family's Resilience Through Genocide and Deportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prasad first visited Cambodia in 2016 to provide legal clinics for deportees. He was part of a delegation that hoped to halt deportations by advocating for an amendment to a repatriation agreement between Cambodia and the U.S. After deportations increased under President Trump, the advocates shifted their tactics and began appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747026/gov-newsom-pardons-two-former-cambodian-refugees-facing-deportation\">governor pardons\u003c/a>. Both Gov. Gavin Newsom and his predecessor, Jerry Brown, have issued pardons of Southeast Asian immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall, Prasad returned to Cambodia and met Loeun and other deportees. Prasad estimates that there are potential legal problems with the deportation orders of nearly a quarter of the people he met there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though each case is different, Prasad said many Cambodian refugees who are forced to leave the U.S. share a similar childhood narrative as Loeun’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s parents survived the Khmer Rouge genocide, which killed over two million Cambodians in the late 1970s. They fled to a refugee camp in Thailand, where Loeun, the eldest of seven siblings, was born in 1984. The family arrived in the U.S. as refugees the following year, and eventually resettled in Fresno. When Loeun was 12, his mother became a naturalized citizen. \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Child-Citizenship-2000-Sections-320-322-INA.html\">Under the Child Citizen Act of 2000\u003c/a>, Loeun automatically became a citizen, too, though no one in the family knew it then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many Cambodian refugees, Loeun’s family lived in a poor neighborhood with high crime, gangs and bullying. “We were the only Cambodian family in our neighborhood,” Loeun said. “Everybody picked on us, called us ‘ching chang chong,’ and they’d break into our house all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Cambodian refugee youths became involved in gangs for a sense of belonging and protection — and those who committed crimes faced an increasingly unforgiving criminal justice system, as immigration and sentencing laws were toughened in the 1990s. In particular, the 1996 acts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/735\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act\u003c/a> (AEDPA) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act\u003c/a> (IIRIRA), greatly expanded the list of offenses considered deportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration judges were struggling to interpret all these new laws and, in general, they were interpreting them in the harshest way possible,” said Prasad. “It took years for the federal court to strike down these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"deportation\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he had served his sentence years before, Loeun again felt the consequences of his drug conviction in 2015, when he was stopped by CBP agents on his return from a family trip to Cambodia. They seized his green card and informed him that he’d likely soon be picked up by ICE. After discussing the predicament with his family, Loeun decided to leave for Cambodia, hoping that he’d be able to work and financially support his boys from abroad. He left the children in the care of their mother and his own parents. His youngest son was just around 5 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s younger sister, Sokhum Lisa Loeun says her family had no resources to help them understand the nuances of immigration law. “No one advocated for him,” she said, her voice cracking. “I’m angry because someone should have told him, ‘Don’t go. You have a chance.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she’s relieved to have her brother finally home, she said it hurts to realize that his five-year absence should never have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Loeun siblings often refer to each other by their birth order and some of them even have tattoos of their numbers in the sibling sequence. Loeun has a No. 1 on his wrist. As the first born, Loeun took a leadership role in the family, helping his parents run their doughnut shop, guiding his nieces and nephews and making key decisions for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his absence, Lisa, the eldest daughter, took on the role of “number one.” “We tried to raise the kids as best as we can but I know that without their dad being here, without them having a father role model, they had it hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s eldest son Kobe, who turns 18 this month and is graduating from high school this spring, says his dad’s absence heightened his anxieties and affected his academic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really be sad because not having my dad around put a lot of stress on me and I wasn’t really doing too good in school,” he said. “I would just be thinking about my dad and I was always scared something would happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cambodia, Loeun also struggled. He said his darkest moments in Cambodia –– moments that included suicidal thoughts — were magnified when he could only watch his family holiday gatherings via Facebook Live. Many deportees there struggle with depression, as well as poor access to medical care and difficulty finding work, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [deportee] community in Cambodia as a whole is struggling. I don't think anyone there who's been deported is OK,” Prasad said. “The solution needs to be a recognition that something has gone terribly wrong here for everyone, not just for the people with U.S. citizenship claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800319\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport. \u003ccite>(Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Loeun feels relieved to be back in the U.S., the return is bittersweet. During his years in Cambodia, he started a new family. Returning to his family in the U.S. meant leaving behind his wife and his beloved 3-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest hope is to bring my daughter here as fast as I can, for her to get here and grow up and know this side of the family,” Loeun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Loeun looks forward to helping his parents with their business, reconnecting with all of his family members and, most importantly, attending Kobe’s high school graduation — an event he thought he would have to watch streamed on his cellphone in Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to be the best father I can be,” Loeun said. “That's my mindset. ... I've always wished for that since I got [to Cambodia], to say, ‘If you guys need anything, I’m just a drive away.’ That’s all I want to be, just a drive away from my family.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cambodian immigrant Sok Loeun automatically became a U.S. citizen at age 12 when his mother was naturalized, but he didn’t realize it. Apparently, neither did immigration authorities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After landing in San Francisco International Airport from Cambodia last Wednesday evening, Sok Khoeun Loeun greeted a cheering crowd of family and friends with hugs and high fives, but he was scanning the crowd for his mother. When he reached her, he dropped to his knees, placed his head at her feet and bowed again and again with his hands clasped and fingertips raised to his forehead. Moments later, he did the same to his tearful father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to show that I respect and love them,” Loeun said, recalling last week’s emotional reunion. “They went there to support me after everything. They still showed up. It meant a lot and in our culture, that's the way to pay back our respect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800318\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800318\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41136_SOK_4_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a sign of respect and reverence in Cambodian culture, Sok Loeun kneeled at his father’s feet after arriving back in the U.S. for the first time in five years. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loeun spoke to KQED by phone from Bakersfield, where he attended a cousin’s birthday a few days later. He was making the rounds to visit with family members he hadn’t seen in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few months ago, Loeun had been resigned to never stepping foot again in America, where his parents, three sons and six brothers and sisters all live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun, 35, had lived in Fresno since he was a baby, after his family was admitted to the U.S. as refugees. But in 2015, he voluntarily left for Cambodia after learning that the Department of Homeland Security had placed him in deportation proceedings because of a 2012 marijuana possession conviction. He said the prospect of spending months or years in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention seemed far worse at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800321\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800321\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" alt=\"Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41139_SOK_10_edit-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sok Loeun (left) with his three sons during the last weekend before he boarded his flight to Cambodia five years ago. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sok Khoeun Loeun)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This past November, Loeun learned it was a choice he should not have had to make. After attending a legal clinic in Phnom Penh held by advocacy organizations, including San Francisco’s Asian Law Caucus and the Oakland-based Asian Prisoner Support Committee, he discovered a shocking revelation: He was a U.S. citizen, and the government had no right to deport him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His return home transformed the international arrivals lobby of the airport into a joyous celebration where over 50 community members anticipated his arrival. It felt like a typical Cambodian family gathering, where foil trays of egg rolls and pink boxes of donuts were passed around and people sang and danced to Cambodian ballads blaring from a portable speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800320\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800320\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" alt=\"Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41138_SOK_6_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates hope that Sok Loeun’s return is the start of reuniting other Cambodian families separated by deportation. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The fact that Sok is here is really exceptional but it needs to be normal. Cambodian families need the opportunity to come together, be together and heal together,” Loeun’s attorney, Anoop Prasad, told the crowd of supporters. According to Prasad, Loeun is the third Cambodian ever to return to the U.S. after facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confronted with an increase in ICE raids and deportations of Southeast Asians, Prasad and other advocates are stepping up their legal advocacy in an effort to reunite Cambodian deportees, like Loeun, with their families. Under the Trump administration, deportation numbers have been the highest in a decade: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/eroFY2018Report.pdf\">Removals to Cambodia\u003c/a> nearly tripled in 2018 and in January of this year alone, ICE deported an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/ice-deported-25-cambodian-immigrants-most-whom-arrived-u-s-n1117906\">estimated 25 Cambodian immigrants\u003c/a> — more than 30% of the total number of Cambodians \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2019/eroReportFY2019.pdf\">deported in 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community organizers say these deportations fracture Cambodian families, many of whom still suffer from their experiences under Cambodia’s genocidal Khmer Rouge regime, which they fled in the 1970s. Advocates hope to bring more people like Loeun home by similarly identifying bureaucratic errors made in Cambodian immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Loeun’s case, a spokesperson from U.S. Customs and Border Protection declined to comment on any pending cases as a matter of policy, and said that doing so “should not be construed as agreement or stipulation with any of the allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a majority of the Cambodians deported are legal residents with old felony convictions, many families struggle to understand the complexities of how the immigration and criminal justice systems overlap. That’s where lawyers like Prasad come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It honestly took only two minutes of talking to him to realize that he had American citizenship,” said Prasad, a staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who first met Loeun at the legal clinic in Phnom Penh. He says the error of targeting Loeun for deportation was “clear cut.” But Loeun, like many Cambodian deportees, lacked legal guidance at the time, so it was hardly surprising that no one challenged the government's mistake, said Prasad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether American citizens have been placed into deportation proceedings or detention, ICE spokeswoman Mary G. Houtmann said in a statement that the agency only arrests individuals with “probable cause of alienage and removability from the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann added that the agency investigates immigration status by reviewing electronic and paper records collected by federal, state, local and international agencies, as well as conducting personal interviews. “When the agency receives evidence suggesting that information in its systems is inaccurate, steps are taken to ensure the accuracy of such information,” Houtmann said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houtmann said ICE last updated its policies and procedures for citizenship claims in November 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prasad said, however, that in some cases ICE had wrongly designated a person’s criminal conviction as a deportable offense. “Either some of [the cases] were straight up invalid, or the law wasn’t followed correctly,” Prasad said. Other immigrants, he said, didn’t get legal advice about the immigration consequences of having a conviction on their record at the time they were fighting a criminal charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800316\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800316\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" alt=\"Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41134_SOK_1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anoop Prasad, staff attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, says he’s working with other people in Cambodia who potentially have citizenship claims to return to the U.S. \u003ccite>( Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about whether criminal convictions could be wrongly classified as deportable, Houtmann said the agency does not make the determination if a person is removable. “That decision rests with immigration courts, which fall under the Department of Justice,” she wrote in a statement. “ICE officers carry out the removal decisions made by the federal immigration judges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Family's Resilience Through Genocide and Deportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Prasad first visited Cambodia in 2016 to provide legal clinics for deportees. He was part of a delegation that hoped to halt deportations by advocating for an amendment to a repatriation agreement between Cambodia and the U.S. After deportations increased under President Trump, the advocates shifted their tactics and began appealing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747026/gov-newsom-pardons-two-former-cambodian-refugees-facing-deportation\">governor pardons\u003c/a>. Both Gov. Gavin Newsom and his predecessor, Jerry Brown, have issued pardons of Southeast Asian immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past fall, Prasad returned to Cambodia and met Loeun and other deportees. Prasad estimates that there are potential legal problems with the deportation orders of nearly a quarter of the people he met there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though each case is different, Prasad said many Cambodian refugees who are forced to leave the U.S. share a similar childhood narrative as Loeun’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s parents survived the Khmer Rouge genocide, which killed over two million Cambodians in the late 1970s. They fled to a refugee camp in Thailand, where Loeun, the eldest of seven siblings, was born in 1984. The family arrived in the U.S. as refugees the following year, and eventually resettled in Fresno. When Loeun was 12, his mother became a naturalized citizen. \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/travel-legal-considerations/us-citizenship/Child-Citizenship-2000-Sections-320-322-INA.html\">Under the Child Citizen Act of 2000\u003c/a>, Loeun automatically became a citizen, too, though no one in the family knew it then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many Cambodian refugees, Loeun’s family lived in a poor neighborhood with high crime, gangs and bullying. “We were the only Cambodian family in our neighborhood,” Loeun said. “Everybody picked on us, called us ‘ching chang chong,’ and they’d break into our house all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Cambodian refugee youths became involved in gangs for a sense of belonging and protection — and those who committed crimes faced an increasingly unforgiving criminal justice system, as immigration and sentencing laws were toughened in the 1990s. In particular, the 1996 acts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/735\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act\u003c/a> (AEDPA) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act\u003c/a> (IIRIRA), greatly expanded the list of offenses considered deportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration judges were struggling to interpret all these new laws and, in general, they were interpreting them in the harshest way possible,” said Prasad. “It took years for the federal court to strike down these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he had served his sentence years before, Loeun again felt the consequences of his drug conviction in 2015, when he was stopped by CBP agents on his return from a family trip to Cambodia. They seized his green card and informed him that he’d likely soon be picked up by ICE. After discussing the predicament with his family, Loeun decided to leave for Cambodia, hoping that he’d be able to work and financially support his boys from abroad. He left the children in the care of their mother and his own parents. His youngest son was just around 5 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s younger sister, Sokhum Lisa Loeun says her family had no resources to help them understand the nuances of immigration law. “No one advocated for him,” she said, her voice cracking. “I’m angry because someone should have told him, ‘Don’t go. You have a chance.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she’s relieved to have her brother finally home, she said it hurts to realize that his five-year absence should never have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Loeun siblings often refer to each other by their birth order and some of them even have tattoos of their numbers in the sibling sequence. Loeun has a No. 1 on his wrist. As the first born, Loeun took a leadership role in the family, helping his parents run their doughnut shop, guiding his nieces and nephews and making key decisions for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his absence, Lisa, the eldest daughter, took on the role of “number one.” “We tried to raise the kids as best as we can but I know that without their dad being here, without them having a father role model, they had it hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loeun’s eldest son Kobe, who turns 18 this month and is graduating from high school this spring, says his dad’s absence heightened his anxieties and affected his academic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really be sad because not having my dad around put a lot of stress on me and I wasn’t really doing too good in school,” he said. “I would just be thinking about my dad and I was always scared something would happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cambodia, Loeun also struggled. He said his darkest moments in Cambodia –– moments that included suicidal thoughts — were magnified when he could only watch his family holiday gatherings via Facebook Live. Many deportees there struggle with depression, as well as poor access to medical care and difficulty finding work, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [deportee] community in Cambodia as a whole is struggling. I don't think anyone there who's been deported is OK,” Prasad said. “The solution needs to be a recognition that something has gone terribly wrong here for everyone, not just for the people with U.S. citizenship claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11800319\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11800319\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" alt=\"Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport.\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/02/RS41137_SOK_5_edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of Sok Loeun’s family members drove from Fresno to welcome him home at San Francisco International Airport. \u003ccite>(Milan Chang/Asian Law Caucus)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though Loeun feels relieved to be back in the U.S., the return is bittersweet. During his years in Cambodia, he started a new family. Returning to his family in the U.S. meant leaving behind his wife and his beloved 3-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest hope is to bring my daughter here as fast as I can, for her to get here and grow up and know this side of the family,” Loeun said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Loeun looks forward to helping his parents with their business, reconnecting with all of his family members and, most importantly, attending Kobe’s high school graduation — an event he thought he would have to watch streamed on his cellphone in Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to be the best father I can be,” Loeun said. “That's my mindset. ... I've always wished for that since I got [to Cambodia], to say, ‘If you guys need anything, I’m just a drive away.’ That’s all I want to be, just a drive away from my family.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An immigration judge is considering whether to release a San Francisco man from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention after a federal court ruled that his previous bond hearing violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Ixchop Perez, 38, was detained by ICE in 2018 after racking up several convictions for alcohol-related offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a federal lawyer, between 2009 and 2015, Ixchop was pulled over five times for driving under the influence of alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his lawyer with the San Francisco Public Defender's office argues that, since his last arrest in 2015, he's completed \"extensive alcohol rehabilitation\" and has been sober since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop was originally being detained by ICE at the West County Detention Facility in Richmond. After Contra Costa County ended its contract to house ICE detainees, he was transferred to a private prison facility in Aurora, Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop and his lawyers requested he be released on bond in 2018, so he could remain with his family while waiting for a separate court decision on whether or not he should be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He made a change for the better and he overcame his addiction, and then immigration detained him,\" said Deputy Public Defender Jennifer Friedman, who represents Ixchop. \"And for the next two years after that, he continued to build upon that solid foundation of sobriety and rehabilitation while he was detained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge rejected the request, saying that Ixchop had not met his alleged burden of proving he's not dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Jan. 23, U.S. District Judge Edward J. Davila overturned that ruling, agreeing that the federal government had violated Ixchop's right to due process by placing the burden of proof on him to disprove that he was dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge then granted him another bond hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigration judges routinely place the burden on the detained non-citizen to prove that they're not a danger and that they're not a flight risk, and essentially holding these often unrepresented non-citizens to the impossible task of proving a negative,\" said Deputy Public Defender Friedman. \"What this judge held was a misinterpretation of federal law and that the constitution and due process require that — even at an initial bond hearing — the government bear the burden of establishing that the continued detention of a non-citizen is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ixchop has lived in San Francisco since he was 16-years-old, and attended Mission High School. He's married to a U.S. citizen and has three young children, ages 5, 4, and 2-years-old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be released to be with my wife and my three children to support them. I think the judge’s decision is fair. After two years of being detained by ICE, all I’m asking for is another chance,\" said Ixchop in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his second bond hearing on Friday, government lawyers argued that Ixchop shouldn’t be released because his drinking makes him a danger to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ixchop's youngest sister, who attended the hearing, said her brother should be given a second chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know that [he made] mistakes and, I think, they should give him a chance. For him to be with his family, provide for his family,\" Cecilia Ixchop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge is due to rule on his case on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Six Countries Face New Immigration Restrictions",
"title": "Six Countries Face New Immigration Restrictions",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2020/01/31/2020-travelvisa-restrictions\">announced Friday\u003c/a> that it was restricting immigrants from six additional countries that officials said failed to meet minimum security standards, as part of an election-year push to further clamp down immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said immigrants from Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea, Nigeria, Sudan and Tanzania will face new restrictions in obtaining certain visas to come to the United States. But it is not a total travel ban, unlike President Trump’s earlier effort that generated outrage around the world for targeting Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump signed a proclamation on the restrictions Friday; they go into effect Feb. 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement came as Trump tries to promote his crackdown on immigration, highlighting a signature issue that motivated supporters in 2016 and hoping it has the same effect this November. The administration recently announced birth tourism restrictions, is touting the sharp decline in crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border and citing progress on building the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is fundamental to national security, and the height of common sense, that if a foreign nation wishes to receive the benefits of immigration and travel to the United States, it must satisfy basic security conditions outlined by America’s law enforcement and intelligence professionals,” the White House said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups responded almost immediately condemning the new restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zahra Billoo, executive director of the San Francisco chapter of the \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/sfba/\">Council on American-Islamic Relations\u003c/a>, wrote in a statement that she had long worried that the president would expand the restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to banning even more Muslim countries, this administration has gone further, banning immigrants from even more nations. We call on members of Congress to act now to support the current, comprehensive version of the No Ban Act and move to reign in the president’s bigoted immigration agenda immediately. Enough is enough,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Countries and Visas Are Impacted\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea and Nigeria would have all immigrant visas suspended; those are applicants seeking to live in the U.S. permanently. They include visas for people sponsored by family members or employers as well as the diversity visa program that made up to 55,000 visas available in the most recent lottery. In December, for example, 40,666 immigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Tanzania will have diversity visas suspended. The State Department uses a computer drawing to select people from around the world for up to 55,000 diversity visas. Nigeria is already excluded from the lottery along with other countries that had more than 50,000 natives immigrate to the U.S. in the previous five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonimmigrant visas were not affected — awarded to those traveling to the U.S. for a temporary stay. They include visas for tourists, those doing business or people seeking medical treatment. During December, for example, about 650,760 nonimmigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Immigration Advocates Decry 'Anti-Muslim Policy'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions were swiftly met with criticism from immigrant advocates who slammed them as a new Muslim ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Kyrgyzstan are majority-Muslim countries. Nigeria, the seventh-most populous nation in the world with more than 200 million people, is about evenly split between Christians and Muslims but has the world’s fifth-largest population of Muslims, according to the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the American Civil Liberties Union Immigrants’ Rights Project, said the previous visa restrictions should not be expanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump is doubling down on his signature anti-Muslim policy — and using the ban as a way to put even more of his prejudices into practice by excluding more communities of color,” Jadwat said. \"Families, universities and businesses in the United States are paying an ever-higher price for President Trump’s ignorance and racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Administration Says Restrictions Based on Security Concerns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rumors swirled for weeks about a potential new ban, and initially Belarus was considered. But Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was headed to the Eastern European nation as the restrictions were announced, and Belarus was not on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf said Homeland Security officials would work with the countries on bolstering their security requirements to help them work to get off the list. Wolf said some nations were able to comply with the new standards in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These countries for the most part want to be helpful, they want to do the right thing, they have relationships with the U.S., but for a variety of different reasons failed to meet those minimum requirements,” Wolf said.\u003cbr>\n[aside tag=\"travel-ban\" label=\"The Evolution of Trump's Travel Bans\"]\u003cbr>\nThe current restrictions follow Trump’s travel ban, which the Supreme Court upheld as lawful in 2018. They are significantly softer than Trump’s initial ban, which had suspended travel from Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen for 90 days, blocked refugee admissions for 120 days, and suspended travel from Syria. The government suspended most immigrant and nonimmigrant visas to applicants from those countries. Exceptions are available for students and those with “significant contacts” in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said a travel ban is necessary to protect Americans. But opponents have argued that he seeks to target Muslim countries, pointing to comments he made as a candidate in 2015 calling for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven countries in the ban include nations with little or no diplomatic relationship to the U.S. and five majority-Muslim nations: Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said immigrant visas were chosen because people with those visas are the most difficult to remove after arriving in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ban was immediately blocked by the courts and led to a monthslong process to develop clear standards and federal review processes to try to withstand legal muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said officials examined countries for compliance with minimum standards for identification and information-sharing, and assessed whether countries properly tracked terrorism or public safety risks. Officials looked at whether countries used modern passports, shared information that the U.S. could validate on travelers and identified possible criminal suspects in a way that the U.S. could see before entry. They evaluated responses and ranked nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies then discussed whether countries had different, but important, contacts with the U.S. and then decided on restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really the only way to mitigate the risk is to impose these travel restrictions,” Wolf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement had been expected around the third anniversary of the Jan. 27, 2017, enactment of the first order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bier, an immigration policy analyst with the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think tank, said the expansion had no foundation and had “even less of a rational basis than all its prior iterations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This list of nations has no foundation in the security factors on which it was supposed to based,” Bier said. “It’s just another arbitrary exercise designed to keep out legal immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2020/01/31/2020-travelvisa-restrictions\">announced Friday\u003c/a> that it was restricting immigrants from six additional countries that officials said failed to meet minimum security standards, as part of an election-year push to further clamp down immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said immigrants from Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea, Nigeria, Sudan and Tanzania will face new restrictions in obtaining certain visas to come to the United States. But it is not a total travel ban, unlike President Trump’s earlier effort that generated outrage around the world for targeting Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump signed a proclamation on the restrictions Friday; they go into effect Feb. 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement came as Trump tries to promote his crackdown on immigration, highlighting a signature issue that motivated supporters in 2016 and hoping it has the same effect this November. The administration recently announced birth tourism restrictions, is touting the sharp decline in crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border and citing progress on building the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is fundamental to national security, and the height of common sense, that if a foreign nation wishes to receive the benefits of immigration and travel to the United States, it must satisfy basic security conditions outlined by America’s law enforcement and intelligence professionals,” the White House said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups responded almost immediately condemning the new restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zahra Billoo, executive director of the San Francisco chapter of the \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/sfba/\">Council on American-Islamic Relations\u003c/a>, wrote in a statement that she had long worried that the president would expand the restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In addition to banning even more Muslim countries, this administration has gone further, banning immigrants from even more nations. We call on members of Congress to act now to support the current, comprehensive version of the No Ban Act and move to reign in the president’s bigoted immigration agenda immediately. Enough is enough,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Countries and Visas Are Impacted\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Eritrea and Nigeria would have all immigrant visas suspended; those are applicants seeking to live in the U.S. permanently. They include visas for people sponsored by family members or employers as well as the diversity visa program that made up to 55,000 visas available in the most recent lottery. In December, for example, 40,666 immigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Tanzania will have diversity visas suspended. The State Department uses a computer drawing to select people from around the world for up to 55,000 diversity visas. Nigeria is already excluded from the lottery along with other countries that had more than 50,000 natives immigrate to the U.S. in the previous five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonimmigrant visas were not affected — awarded to those traveling to the U.S. for a temporary stay. They include visas for tourists, those doing business or people seeking medical treatment. During December, for example, about 650,760 nonimmigrant visas were granted worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Immigration Advocates Decry 'Anti-Muslim Policy'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions were swiftly met with criticism from immigrant advocates who slammed them as a new Muslim ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudan and Kyrgyzstan are majority-Muslim countries. Nigeria, the seventh-most populous nation in the world with more than 200 million people, is about evenly split between Christians and Muslims but has the world’s fifth-largest population of Muslims, according to the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the American Civil Liberties Union Immigrants’ Rights Project, said the previous visa restrictions should not be expanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump is doubling down on his signature anti-Muslim policy — and using the ban as a way to put even more of his prejudices into practice by excluding more communities of color,” Jadwat said. \"Families, universities and businesses in the United States are paying an ever-higher price for President Trump’s ignorance and racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Administration Says Restrictions Based on Security Concerns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rumors swirled for weeks about a potential new ban, and initially Belarus was considered. But Secretary of State Mike Pompeo was headed to the Eastern European nation as the restrictions were announced, and Belarus was not on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf said Homeland Security officials would work with the countries on bolstering their security requirements to help them work to get off the list. Wolf said some nations were able to comply with the new standards in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These countries for the most part want to be helpful, they want to do the right thing, they have relationships with the U.S., but for a variety of different reasons failed to meet those minimum requirements,” Wolf said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe current restrictions follow Trump’s travel ban, which the Supreme Court upheld as lawful in 2018. They are significantly softer than Trump’s initial ban, which had suspended travel from Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen for 90 days, blocked refugee admissions for 120 days, and suspended travel from Syria. The government suspended most immigrant and nonimmigrant visas to applicants from those countries. Exceptions are available for students and those with “significant contacts” in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said a travel ban is necessary to protect Americans. But opponents have argued that he seeks to target Muslim countries, pointing to comments he made as a candidate in 2015 calling for a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seven countries in the ban include nations with little or no diplomatic relationship to the U.S. and five majority-Muslim nations: Iran, Libya, Somalia, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said immigrant visas were chosen because people with those visas are the most difficult to remove after arriving in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ban was immediately blocked by the courts and led to a monthslong process to develop clear standards and federal review processes to try to withstand legal muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf said officials examined countries for compliance with minimum standards for identification and information-sharing, and assessed whether countries properly tracked terrorism or public safety risks. Officials looked at whether countries used modern passports, shared information that the U.S. could validate on travelers and identified possible criminal suspects in a way that the U.S. could see before entry. They evaluated responses and ranked nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies then discussed whether countries had different, but important, contacts with the U.S. and then decided on restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really the only way to mitigate the risk is to impose these travel restrictions,” Wolf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement had been expected around the third anniversary of the Jan. 27, 2017, enactment of the first order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bier, an immigration policy analyst with the Cato Institute, a Libertarian think tank, said the expansion had no foundation and had “even less of a rational basis than all its prior iterations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This list of nations has no foundation in the security factors on which it was supposed to based,” Bier said. “It’s just another arbitrary exercise designed to keep out legal immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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