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"content": "\u003cp>Unless a federal judge intervenes after a hearing Thursday, a new Trump administration rule will dramatically increase the court fees asylum seekers and other immigrants must pay to defend themselves from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four nonprofit legal service providers, in California and elsewhere, sued last month to block the \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/12/18/2020-27506/executive-office-for-immigration-review-fee-review\">new rule\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of Justice's Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), which houses immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Cristina dos Santos, immigration rights attorney\"]'We have clients who struggle even to pay the bus fare that it would take to get to our offices to receive our services.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes, scheduled to take effect the day before President-elect Joe Biden takes office, would triple the filing costs for some forms and motions in deportation — also known as “removal” — proceedings. Other types of forms could be even seven or eight times as expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fee for green card holders and other immigrants to apply to immigration courts for cancellation of removal, for example, would rise from $100 to $305 if the changes are implemented. But the biggest fee hike would be for appealing an immigration judge’s ruling, which would jump from $110 to $975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the fee hikes are adopted, low-income immigrants will be priced out of a fair day in court, said Cristina dos Santos, who directs the immigration program at Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto, one of the organizations that sued to block the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have clients who struggle even to pay the bus fare that it would take to get to our offices to receive our services,” said dos Santos. “We are really concerned about our clients not being able to meet the fee, and even worse, not being able to access the rights that are in our laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule would also introduce a new $50 fee to apply for asylum in immigration court, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/litigation_documents/challenging_drastic_immigration_court_fee_increases_that_limit_access_to_justice.pdf\">complaint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs argue EOIR’s new rule is “arbitrary and capricious,” and fails to adequately consider the impacts on immigrants fighting deportation, particularly those who are indigent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]The agency defended the changes, saying it had not conducted a thorough review of its fees for more than 30 years, and that the new prices better reflect the actual costs of processing those applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EOIR Director James McHenry said the agency aims to save taxpayers nearly $45 million per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed fee increases are marginal in terms of inflation-adjusted dollars and would mitigate the significant taxpayer subsidization of these forms and motions,” said McHenry in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/pr/executive-office-immigration-review-proposes-rule-fees#:~:text=Increase%20the%20fee%20for%20Form%20EOIR%2D42B%20from%20%24100%20to,BIA%20from%20%24110%20to%20%24895.\">statement\u003c/a> when the agency first proposed the changes last year. “EOIR is long past due for a review of its fee-based filings, especially as its caseload and costs have increased substantially since 1986.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Robin Goldfaden, a San Francisco-based attorney with the National Immigration Law Center, who is representing plaintiffs, said EOIR does not need to increase the fees because its budget is primarily funded by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a fee-based agency. This is not a services agency where one comes forward and says, ‘I would like to apply for this benefit,’ ” said Goldfaden, noting that all individuals in immigration court are fighting removal proceedings that the federal government initiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"immigration\"]“This is essentially a judicial body and it serves a public interest and it is funded with hundreds of millions of dollars of congressional appropriation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants will still be able to apply for fee waivers under the new rule. But Goldfaden and other attorneys said seeking a waiver can be risky. In some cases a court's decision on whether to waive a fee comes too late — after the deadline to file the associated form has passed, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no clear standards for who is eligible for a waiver, added dos Santos, and approvals can vary widely from court to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Court Judge Amit P. Mehta will hear the case Thursday afternoon in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, a federal judge for the Northern District of California blocked another Trump rule that would have nearly doubled the fee to become a U.S. citizen and would have sharply increased the cost of other immigration benefits, such as work permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration courts in California received more than 71,000 new deportation cases in fiscal year 2018, with an additional 73,000 cases pending, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/file/1198896/download\">the most recent available EOIR figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is essentially a judicial body and it serves a public interest and it is funded with hundreds of millions of dollars of congressional appropriation,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants will still be able to apply for fee waivers under the new rule. But Goldfaden and other attorneys said seeking a waiver can be risky. In some cases a court's decision on whether to waive a fee comes too late — after the deadline to file the associated form has passed, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no clear standards for who is eligible for a waiver, added dos Santos, and approvals can vary widely from court to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Court Judge Amit P. Mehta will hear the case Thursday afternoon in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, a federal judge for the Northern District of California blocked another Trump rule that would have nearly doubled the fee to become a U.S. citizen and would have sharply increased the cost of other immigration benefits, such as work permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration courts in California received more than 71,000 new deportation cases in fiscal year 2018, with an additional 73,000 cases pending, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/file/1198896/download\">the most recent available EOIR figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say a growing outbreak of COVID-19 at the Yuba County Jail is putting the people held there at risk, including some who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 16,\u003ca href=\"https://sheriff.co.yuba.ca.us/Documents/Jail/20201216%20COVID19%20Cases%20at%20Yuba%20County%20Jail.pdf\"> Yuba County Jail officials\u003c/a> closed the facility to visits after they identified seven confirmed cases. Since then, according to attorneys, the number of people infected has increased to 78, which is more than 30% of the total jail population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the majority of people housed at the Yuba County Jail are in county custody, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees are held there as well. In April, the San Francisco Public Defender's office filed a class-action lawsuit on behalf of ICE detainees at the Yuba jail and the Mesa Verde detention facility in Bakersfield, citing dangerous conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Kavanagh, a senior attorney for the San Francisco-based California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, says she spoke with two detainees who have tested positive for COVID-19. Kavanagh says they described \"disgusting conditions,\" including \"trash, gum, fingernails and excrement,\" and reported using a bathroom shared by those with and without COVID-19 that is \"not cleaned between uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the summer, ICE detainees inside the facility \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835611/ice-detainees-at-yuba-jail-press-for-covid-19-protections\">went on a hunger strike\u003c/a> for five days to draw attention to the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria, who's presiding over the case, ruled that lawyers could apply for the release of ICE detainees on a case-by-case basis. He also ordered in June that ICE and the jail take precautions such as keeping detainees out of the older, more crowded side of the jail and isolating COVID-19 symptomatic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates say those protections have begun to erode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw detainees starting to be moved back into the old side of the jail, and later on [housed] two to a cell,\" said Kelly Engel Wells, a San Francisco deputy public defender. \"We received reports of symptomatic individuals who were not being isolated and tested as the protocol required. And that just set up the perfect storm for the first positive case that happened about two weeks ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Kelly Engel Wells, SF deputy public defender']'We received reports of symptomatic individuals who were not being isolated and tested as the protocol required. And that just set up the perfect storm for the first positive case that happened about two weeks ago.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh estimates the jail currently houses around 20 ICE detainees out of the total 235 people held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is her client Ruperto Robles, 59, who's been detained in the facility since November 2019. Originally from Mexico, he has lived in the United States with a green card for 30 years, Kavanagh said, but was transferred to ICE for deportation after some contact with law enforcement. Robles contracted COVID-19 at Yuba, and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\">considered medically vulnerable\u003c/a> due to a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was considered so high risk in terms of COVID that he has been held in isolation for most of the pandemic, which has been really harmful to his mental health,\" Kavanagh said. \"And despite claiming that they were isolating him to protect him, he was moved within the jail to four different locations within the past two weeks, including into locations where people were later testing positive for COVID and removed out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11852766 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-800x574.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1536x1102.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruperto Robles, pictured here in an old family photo. Robles is asking to be released from ICE custody while he recovers from COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Katie Kavanagh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Speaking through an interpreter, Robles told KQED he had been feeling healthy until he was transferred around the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh also said she and Robles received conflicting information about whether or not he had COVID-19, something that only came to light as part of the class-action lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two days ago, at night, they told class counsel that Ruperto was positive for COVID. In the morning, they said, 'Never mind, he's not positive.' And then two hours later, on the status conference, they said, 'oops, never mind. He is positive,'\" she said. \"So what we're seeing is just a very high level of incompetence and disregard for human life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh has filed a request for Robles to be released to a hotel room where he can recover from the virus and isolate while his case is decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. An immigrant rights group, NorCal Resist, has committed to pay for the hotel room and provide Robles with post-release support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robles said he would feel safer in a hotel room, and his health would more likely improve if he was removed from the jail outbreak. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the lawsuit, the San Francisco Public Defender's Office filed a new motion for a temporary restraining order Wednesday, asking that Chhabria mandate additional safety protocols inside the facility, including providing weekly testing, individually isolating all symptomatic individuals and releasing people from custody, especially those who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're now 10 months in and we have the first positive case — which actually is quite lucky that this has taken this long — and yet it still seems to have caught Yuba County officials by surprise. They seem to have had absolutely no plan,\" Wells said. \"That's one of the most frustrating things, is that all of this could really have been avoided if basic precautions had been in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuba County Jail officials did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for ICE said he could not comment on the outbreak at Yuba due to pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full filing here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/20437241-911-motion-for-tro/?embed=1&title=1\" title=\"911 Motion for TRO (Hosted by DocumentCloud)\" width=\"700\" height=\"905\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-forms\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "On Dec. 16, Yuba County Jail officials closed the facility to visitation after they identified seven confirmed cases. Since then, according to attorneys, the number of people infected has increased to 78.",
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"description": "On Dec. 16, Yuba County Jail officials closed the facility to visitation after they identified seven confirmed cases. Since then, according to attorneys, the number of people infected has increased to 78.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say a growing outbreak of COVID-19 at the Yuba County Jail is putting the people held there at risk, including some who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 16,\u003ca href=\"https://sheriff.co.yuba.ca.us/Documents/Jail/20201216%20COVID19%20Cases%20at%20Yuba%20County%20Jail.pdf\"> Yuba County Jail officials\u003c/a> closed the facility to visits after they identified seven confirmed cases. Since then, according to attorneys, the number of people infected has increased to 78, which is more than 30% of the total jail population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the majority of people housed at the Yuba County Jail are in county custody, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees are held there as well. In April, the San Francisco Public Defender's office filed a class-action lawsuit on behalf of ICE detainees at the Yuba jail and the Mesa Verde detention facility in Bakersfield, citing dangerous conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Kavanagh, a senior attorney for the San Francisco-based California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, says she spoke with two detainees who have tested positive for COVID-19. Kavanagh says they described \"disgusting conditions,\" including \"trash, gum, fingernails and excrement,\" and reported using a bathroom shared by those with and without COVID-19 that is \"not cleaned between uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the summer, ICE detainees inside the facility \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835611/ice-detainees-at-yuba-jail-press-for-covid-19-protections\">went on a hunger strike\u003c/a> for five days to draw attention to the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria, who's presiding over the case, ruled that lawyers could apply for the release of ICE detainees on a case-by-case basis. He also ordered in June that ICE and the jail take precautions such as keeping detainees out of the older, more crowded side of the jail and isolating COVID-19 symptomatic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates say those protections have begun to erode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw detainees starting to be moved back into the old side of the jail, and later on [housed] two to a cell,\" said Kelly Engel Wells, a San Francisco deputy public defender. \"We received reports of symptomatic individuals who were not being isolated and tested as the protocol required. And that just set up the perfect storm for the first positive case that happened about two weeks ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh estimates the jail currently houses around 20 ICE detainees out of the total 235 people held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is her client Ruperto Robles, 59, who's been detained in the facility since November 2019. Originally from Mexico, he has lived in the United States with a green card for 30 years, Kavanagh said, but was transferred to ICE for deportation after some contact with law enforcement. Robles contracted COVID-19 at Yuba, and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\">considered medically vulnerable\u003c/a> due to a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was considered so high risk in terms of COVID that he has been held in isolation for most of the pandemic, which has been really harmful to his mental health,\" Kavanagh said. \"And despite claiming that they were isolating him to protect him, he was moved within the jail to four different locations within the past two weeks, including into locations where people were later testing positive for COVID and removed out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11852766 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-800x574.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1536x1102.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruperto Robles, pictured here in an old family photo. Robles is asking to be released from ICE custody while he recovers from COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Katie Kavanagh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Speaking through an interpreter, Robles told KQED he had been feeling healthy until he was transferred around the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh also said she and Robles received conflicting information about whether or not he had COVID-19, something that only came to light as part of the class-action lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two days ago, at night, they told class counsel that Ruperto was positive for COVID. In the morning, they said, 'Never mind, he's not positive.' And then two hours later, on the status conference, they said, 'oops, never mind. He is positive,'\" she said. \"So what we're seeing is just a very high level of incompetence and disregard for human life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh has filed a request for Robles to be released to a hotel room where he can recover from the virus and isolate while his case is decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. An immigrant rights group, NorCal Resist, has committed to pay for the hotel room and provide Robles with post-release support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robles said he would feel safer in a hotel room, and his health would more likely improve if he was removed from the jail outbreak. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the lawsuit, the San Francisco Public Defender's Office filed a new motion for a temporary restraining order Wednesday, asking that Chhabria mandate additional safety protocols inside the facility, including providing weekly testing, individually isolating all symptomatic individuals and releasing people from custody, especially those who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're now 10 months in and we have the first positive case — which actually is quite lucky that this has taken this long — and yet it still seems to have caught Yuba County officials by surprise. They seem to have had absolutely no plan,\" Wells said. \"That's one of the most frustrating things, is that all of this could really have been avoided if basic precautions had been in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuba County Jail officials did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for ICE said he could not comment on the outbreak at Yuba due to pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full filing here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/20437241-911-motion-for-tro/?embed=1&title=1\" title=\"911 Motion for TRO (Hosted by DocumentCloud)\" width=\"700\" height=\"905\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-forms\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california",
"title": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California",
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"headTitle": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nota de editorx: Pese a que la Real Academia Española (RAE) específica el uso del término transgénero para describir y abarcar todas las experiencias trans dentro del arco de la identidad de género, hemos decidido utilizar la palabra transgénera con la intención de usar un término que mejor corresponda a las experiencias e identidad de Luna.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplió 15 años, como tantas chicas en su pueblo en Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebró con una quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me prestaron el vestido de una compañera porque yo lloraba. Cada vez que íbamos a la escuela teníamos que pasar en frente de una tienda donde habían vestidos de novia y de quinceañera”, dijo Luna. “Yo siempre me quedaba viendo, hasta tocaba el vidrio”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El vestido que pidió prestado era de color turquesa, con una falda larga. Se quitó sus zapatos tenis, se puso los tacones y una tiara y empezó a bailar con sus amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Había un pastel, botellas de champán y chambelanes, chicos que se vistieron en trajes para acompañarla a la fiesta secreta en casa de un amigo. Ninguno de sus parientes estaba allí porque no podían imaginar a Luna como una niña transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No los puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instantes de esa fiesta de cumpleaños perduran en la memoria de Luna como un tiempo en su vida en el cual sintió verdaderamente el placer y la libertad. Era algo para saborear una y otra vez conforme iniciaba la década siguiente, cuando vestía camisetas de fútbol y trataba de parecerse al chico que sabía no llevaba por dentro. Mientras lidiaba con una violencia brutal, decidió tomar el tremendo riesgo de dejar atrás todo en Guatemala y tratar de encontrar una nueva vida en California. Las memorias eran un lugar en donde ella podía imaginarse a salvo, siendo ella misma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conocimos a Luna en un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana dos años atrás y desde entonces nos hemos mantenido en contacto con ella, durante su viaje por la frontera, donde pasó meses detenida por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE por sus siglas en inglés), y su búsqueda por el amparo en México. Pasamos semanas tratando desesperadamente de localizarla en una unidad de cuidados intensivos después de que ella dejara un mensaje de voz en el que había sido diagnosticada con un caso severo de COVID-19. “Gracias por contar mi historia”, dijo con voz ronca y entrecortada, apenas se reconocía su voz . “Gracias por todo. Por contar mi historia. Si muero, ojalá que la gente un día se acuerde de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aYksXNNUA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘¿No puedes cambiar a tu hijo?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna creció en las afueras de una pequeña ciudad en el área central de Guatemala, en una casa construida por palos y periódicos. Su madre vendía papas fritas en un carrito de comida y Luna ayudó a cuidar a sus tres hermanos, uno de ellos con discapacidades del desarrollo. Su padre no formó parte de su vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que era una voraz lectora, pasando horas en la biblioteca de su ciudad. En la escuela jugaba a disfrazarse con otras chicas. Luna se transformaba en una mariposa, sus alas estaban hechas de pedazos de cartón que encontraba en las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que su madre la defendió al principio. Cuando confesó ser gay a los 14 años, su mamá brindó con una copa de agua de jamaica. Pero a medida que Luna crecía, su madre desaprobaba los vestidos y los tacones. Su hijo, ¿vistiéndose como una mujer? Para ella, eso iba en contra de la naturaleza. Entonces Luna volvió a vestir con camisetas de fútbol y pantalones cortos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esos desprecios ahora los entiendo”, dijo Luna. “Ella tal vez quería protegerme”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849344 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A los 13 años, justo en la cúspide de su adolescencia, Luna fue violada por un hombre mayor que era su vecino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En un principio decía ¿por qué a mí? Explícame ¿por qué a mí? Si hay alguien ahí arriba por qué no me explicas”, suspiró Luna. “Pero nunca obtuve esa respuesta. Nunca la obtuve. Hasta hoy en día nunca la he tenido.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que poco después fue forzada a integrar una red de tráfico de personas y labor sexual. Algunos hombres de mucho poder en su pueblo la obligaron a entrar a una red de tráfico de personas. ¿Los clientes? Hombres mayores que pagaban cientos de dólares estadounidenses para dormir con niños pequeños y niñas transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El tráfico de personas y la explotación sexual están desenfrenados en Guatemala, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha denunciado el alarmante número de menores de edad forzados a ingresar a redes de tráfico debido a la pobreza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no había nadie que la ayudara. Los proxenetas, según Luna, tenían vínculos con la policía y los principales funcionarios públicos de la ciudad. “Si alguien intentaba denunciarlos o presentar una denuncia, lo tiraban a la basura”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos menores de edad en la red de tráfico de personas estaban infectados con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Cuando tenía 16 años, Luna descubrió que era portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, conocido también como VIH. El acoso de la gente se intensificó en una ciudad donde ya se le había arrojado piedras y manifestado que se mantuviera alejada de los niños. Luna recuerda que, una vez, algunas personas la golpearon con tanta fuerza que le rompieron la clavícula y le dijeron que se comportara como un “hombre de verdad”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mi pueblo es tan pequeño. No hay información sobre orientación sexual, sobre VIH”, dijo Luna. “No hay información de nada. Es muy cerrado (de mente)”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplío 19 años, Luna cuenta que todavía la obligaban ocasionalmente a trabajar en la red de tráfico sexual. Al llegar a la edad adulta, comenzó a dar algunos pasos para recuperar el control de su vida. Se inscribió en un curso para convertirse en una bombero voluntaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849342 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán trabajó como bombera en su pueblo natal. Ella dice que abandonó la cuadrilla luego de sufrir acoso y amenazas homofóbicas. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se graduó del programa de bomberos. Se sentía valerosa al rescatar personas de accidentes automovilísticos y apagar edificios en llamas. Pero luego, los otros bomberos descubrieron que era portadora del VIH y comenzaron a burlarse de ella con insultos homofóbicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soñó entonces con una salida y puso su mirada en California. Había visto vídeos del enorme desfile del orgullo LGBTQ en San Francisco. Sabía que en California no podría ser despedida o desalojada por ser transgénera, tendría derecho a obtener una identificación con el nombre que deseaba y a usar el baño que coincida con su género. También esperaba poder ganar lo suficiente dinero para pagar su transición.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dejó a su familia, el departamento de bomberos, los vecinos y los proxenetas. Tenía 22 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Se subió al famoso tren que los migrantes llaman La Bestia, que viaja de la frontera sur a la frontera norte de México. No usó vestidos en el viaje. Como ha hecho durante la mayor parte de su vida, mantuvo su cabello corto y usó camisetas y pantalones cortos de hombre por seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849343 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She travelled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes.\" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán montada en un tren, el cual la llevaría de Guatemala a México en 2017. Viajó con otros migrantes LGBTQ y dijo que una vez fueron atacados por hombres armados con machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cruzando la Frontera Sin Un Respaldo Seguro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agosto de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando Luna llegó al cruce fronterizo entre Estados Unidos y México en Otay Mesa, cerca de San Diego, le dijo a un oficial que estaba huyendo de la violencia homofóbica en Guatemala y que estaba pidiendo asilo. Sin embargo, sus esperanzas de sentirse protegida se desvanecieron al cruzar a Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me entraron a unas oficinas. Y como a los 30 minutos me arrestaron en unas cadenas en las manos, en los pies, en la cintura”, dijo Luna. “Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los agentes fronterizos no determinan las solicitudes de asilo—eso sucede más tarde—pero son responsables de la transferencia de los detenidos en custodia de ICE, donde eventualmente hablan con un oficial encargado de procesar una petición de asilo. Sin embargo, los funcionarios fronterizos no marcaron la casilla en el formulario de admisión de Luna que indica que se identificó como LGBTQ, ni la casilla que indica que podría correr un mayor riesgo de abuso sexual durante su detención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846822 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated 8/9/2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un formulario titulado ‘Evaluación del detenido’ de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza, con la fecha 9 de agosto, de 2017. Pese a que Luna Guzmán claramente le explicó a los oficiales que ella había sido un blanco de violencia homofóbica, ellos no marcaron la casilla para identificar a Luna como alguien LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fue entonces cuando las cosas empezaron a complicarse. ICE finalmente le asignó a Luna una cama en la unidad de hombres s en el centro de detención de Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diez días después de que llegó a la frontera pidiendo ayuda, un oficial del Servicio y Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos realizó una entrevista de “miedo creíble”. Fue entonces cuando Luna dijo que a veces también se vestía como mujer. El oficial denominó su historia como verídica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semanas más tarde, una organización latina que apoya a las personas trangénero con sede cerca de Los Ángeles llamada Las Crisantemas envió una carta de apoyo a la corte de inmigración reconociendo a Luna como una mujer trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, Luna nunca fue trasladada a una unidad de detención para mujeres transgénera, a pesar de que en 2015 ICE había acordado mejorar los estándares para las detenidas transgénera, incluido el acceso a unidades separadas de la población en general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No la pusieron bajo la custodia protectora que requieren sus propios estándares”, dijo Allegra Love, abogada del Santa Fe Dreamers Project, quien ha representado a cientos de mujeres transgénera detenidas en los últimos años. Ella nunca fue la abogada de Luna, pero le pedimos que revisara su caso luego de que KQED demandó a ICE para obtener sus registros de inmigración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si alguien les dice: ‘oye, mira, soy trans, tengo disforia de género. No soy del género que crees que soy’, entonces el gobierno tiene esta responsabilidad consentida por su propia mano de tomar eso en serio y proteger a las personas de un mayor peligro”, dijo Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pasó meses en la unidad de hombres antes de que su caso de asilo pudiera ser escuchado por completo, meses en los que dijo que los otros detenidos la acosaban y menospreciaban repetidamente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846829 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Tribunal de inmigración aplazado, largos meses detenida\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna compareció ante la jueza de inmigración Olga Attia, asignada para la corte de inmgiración en 2017 por el entonces fiscal general Jeff Sessions. A Luna se le asignó un intérprete, pero ningún abogado. Si hubiera querido uno, habría tenido que encontrarlo y pagarlo por su propia cuenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En las grabaciones de audio de las audiencias en la corte de inmigración, Luna le dijo a la jueza que estaba preocupada de estar detenida durante tanto tiempo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es que no siempre me dan la medicina que necesito para la enfermedad crónica que yo sufro”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desafortunadamente, no tengo jurisdicción sobre tales asuntos,” le dijo Attia. “Debe informar a los oficiales de detención de esto”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna estuvo detenida durante cinco meses antes de poder presentar oficialmente su solicitud de asilo a la jueza Attia. Luego, la jueza le informó que no había citas disponibles para conocer la profundidad de su caso hasta otros cinco meses más.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de seis meses detenida, Luna era elegible para salir bajo fianza. Los abogados de ICE no se opusieron puesto que ella no tenía antecedentes penales. La jueza fijó la fianza en 4,500 dólares, sin embargo, como muchos solicitantes de asilo, Luna no tenía forma de pagar esa cantidad de dinero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mí me hace daño psicológicamente. Yo nunca he estado detenida, su señoría”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incapaz de tolerar su detención en una unidad de hombres, Luna realizó algo que jamás pensó que podría. Renunció a su caso de asilo y pidió ser deportada de inmediato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voy a cumplir 8 meses de estar detenida en el centro de detención”, dijo Luna a través de un intérprete. “Me siento sola. No tengo palabras para explicarle, su señoría”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso cuando Attia aceptó el retiro de la solicitud de asilo, no estaba claro que la jueza entendía que Luna era transgénera. Después de que el intérprete explicó que Luna se refería a sí misma con el pronombre femenino, Attia siguió llamando a Luna “señor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo puedo imaginar la pérdida de esperanza que alguien experimenta cuando huye de un país donde la razón por la que su vida está en peligro es porque sus instituciones se niegan a reconocer quiénes son”, dijo Love, la abogada que ha representado a decenas de personas trans detenidas provenientes de Centroamérica. “Luego llegar con un sentimiento de esperanza a un lugar donde creen que van a recibir un trato diferente, y luego que los agentes del orden y los jueces, oficiales de la corte, los rechacen inmediatamente también”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si Luna hubiera decidido permanecer detenida y continuar con su solicitud de asilo, las probabilidades estaban en su contra especialmente sin un abogado. Durante el último año de la administración de Barack Obama, se denegó el 55 por ciento de todas las peticiones de asilo. Bajo la administración de Donald Trump, esas cifras subieron a un récord del 72 por ciento en 2020, según datos del proyecto TRAC de la Universidad de Syracuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para los solicitantes de asilo de Guatemala, la tasa es aún mayor: el 85.8 por ciento de esas solicitudes son rechazadas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el avión chárter de ICE para transportar a Luna y otros detenidos de regreso a Guatemala, ella recuerda que tuvo un ataque de pánico, temblaba tanto que apenas podía caminar sobre la pista cuando aterrizó en Ciudad de Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que fue a quedarse con su hermana, quien se había casado con un cristiano evangélico. Sin embargo, después de unos días, su hermana le dio algo de dinero y le pidió que se marchara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tienes un hogar conmigo como una hermana”, recordó Luna que su hermana le dijo. “Solo como un hermano”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se fue de Guatemala y poco a poco regresó a la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, con la esperanza de encontrar un camino de regreso a California. Conocimos a Luna mientras se hospedaba en Casa del Migrante, un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfó. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que estaba tratando de seguir adelante como lavaplatos en un restaurante donde el dueño hacía comentarios homofóbicos. También luchaba por encontrar una clínica donde obtener su medicamento contra el VIH sin una identificación mexicana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las suelas de sus zapatos se estaban desgastando y vestía una camiseta de fútbol, su cabello era muy corto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfo. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como \"una mariposa con las alas rotas\".' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como “una mariposa con las alas rotas”. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un mes después, Luna mandó un mensaje vía WhatsApp para decir que sabía que su sueño de venir a California probablemente terminó porque había renunciado a su solicitud de asilo el año anterior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero luego, unas semanas más tarde, envió un vídeo suyo, de pie, en un lugar con mucho viento, y con el muro fronterizo detrás de ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¡Mira!” exclamó Luna. “¡Crucé! Te veré en San Francisco, junto al puente Golden Gate para tomar un café”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp se mantuvo en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recibimos finalmente una llamada que debimos pagar del centro de detención de Otay Mesa. Luna dijo a través de la línea telefónica desafinada que estaba en la misma celda y en la misma cama en la que se había quedado el año pasado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Le quita las alas a una mariposa, así me siento yo ahora”, dijo Luna. “He sido una prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 de marzo de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de que Luna estuvo detenida durante unas seis semanas, ICE nos concedió permiso para entrevistarla en persona en Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seguimos a un guardia a una sala de espera con otras familias. Un letrero sobre el escritorio de metal gris de un guardia decía: “la esperanza es el ancla del alma. Sé agradecido”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando llamaron nuestros nombres, pasamos por una puerta pesada hasta donde Luna estaba sentada en una pequeña habitación. Vestía sandalias Crocs azules, calcetines marrones y un uniforme azul con la palabra “detenida” estampada en la espalda con letras blancas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846827 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Se veía demacrada y exhausta, pero sus ojos aún brillaban. Su cabello era muy corto. Luna dijo que tuvo que cortárselo todo después de que un hombre le quitara un trozo de cabello con una navaja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me dijo que no toleraba a los homosexuales y me cortó con la navaja”, dijo Luna. “De un rastrillo de una rasuradora me cortó mi cabello. Fue muy duro para mí porque me dijo que si yo me quejaba con los oficiales me iba a ir peor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo además que eso sucedió en el Centro Correccional Metropolitano, una cárcel federal en San Diego, donde estuvo detenida durante aproximadamente una semana después de que los agentes de la patrulla fronteriza la recogieran. Fue acusada allí del delito federal de reingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos, luego de que el presidente Trump intensificara los enjuiciamientos bajo una política de “cero tolerancia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el acoso sexual en el centro de detención de ICE fue aún peor, agregó Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí hay personas que nos tocan el trasero, que nos tocan las bubis que nos miran cuando nos estamos bañando”, dijo Luna. “ Quieren que nos enseñen sus partes. Yo no quiero estar más tiempo acá. Yo sé que si yo me meto una queja, no me van a hacer caso. Yo se que no me van a hacer caso”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, Luna dijo que no le alcanzaba el dinero para comprarse champú o bocadillos en la tienda del centro de detención. Agregó que otros presos se ofrecieron a comprárselos a cambio de favores sexuales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no voy a hacer algo que no me guste por una sopa que vale 60 centavos de dólar”, dijo Luna. Yo no voy a estar haciendo cosas malas, tener sexo con nadie acá. Toda la discriminación que vivimos allá afuera, acá es peor porque acá es otro mundo. Acá es un mundo de la discriminación y la homofobia y el acoso es súper grandísimo. Es peor que allá afuera. Porque acá no tienes para dónde ir, acá está todo cerrado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un estudio en 2018 encontró que los inmigrantes LGBTQ tienen casi 100 veces más probabilidades de ser acosados o agredidos sexualmente durante una detención de ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He sido prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que no quería llorar delante de nosotros. Quería ser la persona fuerte que nos había impresionado con su coraje y tenacidad cuando la conocimos en Tijuana cuatro meses atrás.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero después de nuestra entrevista nos asomamos por una ventana de la pequeña habitación. Tenía la cabeza sobre la mesa y sollozaba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846828 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>El segundo período de detención de Luna solo duró un par de meses. ICE trató de deportarla lo antes posible: había reingresado a Estados Unidos escalando la valla fronteriza y violó la prohibición de cinco años de reingreso que se le impuso cuando fue deportada por primera vez. Ahora se le prohibió regresar al país en 20 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esta era la segunda vez que estaba detenida y todavía no tenía abogado. Nadie que le ofrezca una alternativa al asilo, algo llamado “Retención de la Expulsión”, que ha permitido que algunas mujeres trans de Centroamérica se queden en Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella”, dijo Love. “Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribiéndose en una universidad comunitaria o, ya sabes, consiguiendo su primer apartamento o, de hecho, obteniendo su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos y una green card o permiso de residencia. Pero en cambio, no se le proporcionó el proceso que se merecía”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“No es seguro que te quedes en Guatemala”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo 27 de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna fue deportada por segunda vez a la Ciudad de Guatemala. KQED contrató a un equipo de filmación para encontrarse con ella cuando bajara del avión.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contó cuatro dólares estadounidense de una bolsa de plástico marcada como “propiedad personal”, dinero ganado trabajando en la lavandería del centro de detención. Se pasó la mano por la cara, como queriendo que todo desapareciera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego se dirigió a la Asociación Lambda, una organización LGBTQ en la Ciudad de Guatemala que ayuda a los deportados, que después de escuchar su historia, un empleado de admisión le dijo a Luna que no era seguro quedarse en Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Su perfil es de alto riesgo”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No necesitaba recordarle sobre las mujeres trans que fueron asesinadas recientemente después de haber sido deportadas a Centroamérica. El empleado de admisión dijo también que le preocupaba que los proxenetas en su ciudad natal pudieran tener conexiones en la Ciudad de Guatemala y rastrearla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consiguió una casa segura en un lugar secreto, pero Luna decidió irse después de pasar una noche allí. Se negó a sentirse encerrada de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A estas alturas llevábamos cinco meses informando sobre la historia de Luna. Algunos oyentes transgéneros de California Report en Modesto que escucharon una de las historias, la contactaron y le enviaron 80 dólares, dinero que la ayudó a salir de Guatemala nuevamente y emprender otro viaje de regreso a la frontera. También organizaron un \u003cem>drag show\u003c/em> dedicado a Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril y julio de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de unos meses más, Luna encontró la manera de salir de Guatemala y regresar a México. Solicitó una visa humanitaria para quedarse temporalmente y encontró trabajo haciendo tortillas en un restaurante de Tapachula. Conoció a algunos nuevos amigos, otros migrantes transgéneros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronto, llena de valor por sus nuevos amigos, decidió vestirse de mujer nuevamente para cenar con ellos en un café local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mañana siguiente, a las 6 a.m. llamó llorando. Dijo que había sido violada por cinco hombres armados, que la secuestraron mientras esperaba un taxi después de cenar. Dijo que la golpearon y la patearon en los riñones, donde se estaba recuperando de una reciente infección.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Por qué tengo que sufrir tanto? ¿Por qué la vida es injusta conmigo?”, sollozó Luna. “¿Por qué cuando demuestro la persona que soy, siempre me va mal, eso es lo que no entiendo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que tenía demasiado miedo de presentar una demanda ante la policía mexicana, porque probablemente no harían más que reírse de ella y decir cosas homofóbicas. Me envió una publicación en Facebook sobre la muerte de un activista gay, Juan Ruiz Nicolás, quien fue asesinado en Tapachula, el pueblo donde se hospedaba cerca de la frontera con Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Allegra Love, abogada con Santa Fe Dreamers Project\"]‘Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella. Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribirse en un colegio comunitario o, ya sabes, conseguir su primer apartamento o, de hecho, conseguir su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos’.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Como no reportó la violación a nadie, es difícil confirmar que Luna fue agredida. Esto es parte de la paradoja de los solicitantes de asilo. Se espera que documenten y prueben las cosas horribles que les han sucedido, pero con demasiada frecuencia, el acto de demandar estos abusos podría ponerlos en mayor peligro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por supuesto, como periodistas, hemos hecho todo lo posible para examinar su historia. KQED incluso demandó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional para obtener los registros de Luna. Pero cuando se trata de lo que sucedió a Luna en Guatemala o México, no hay forma de probar el tráfico y la violencia. Llevaba tanto tiempo en tránsito, viviendo en la calle y en refugios, que tiene poca documentación de su vida. Aún así, la historia de Luna es consistente con lo que han encontrado los defensores y las investigaciones sobre el trato de los detenidos inmigrantes transgéneros y portadores de VIH. Mucho de esto también se refleja en su solicitud de asilo y en sus registros médicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna finalmente recibió una visa humanitaria temporal y una tarjeta de identificación mexicana, válida por un año. El gobierno mexicano la envió de regreso a Tijuana, a una casa segura para refugiados LGBTQ llamada Casa Arcoíris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En octubre decidimos volver a visitarla en Tijuana para saber cómo estaba. Pero no pudimos encontrarnos con ella en la casa donde se quedaba porque querían mantener la ubicación en secreto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nos encontramos con Luna y uno de sus nuevos compañeros refugiados en un enorme supermercado donde compraban frijoles secos, zanahorias y repollo. Cada uno de ellos se turnaron para cocinar un platillo de su país de origen para los otros habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Une amige no binario de Honduras, que no quiso dar su nombre por seguridad, dijo que Luna es bien querida en la casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se ha encariñado con todo el mundo. Todo el mundo la aprecia mucho”, dijo une compañere refugiados de Luna. \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u003c/span>“Ha compartido su historia. La comunidad LGBT nos hace una conexión como familia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esa comunidad, esa estabilidad, cambiaron las cosas para Luna. Llevaba vestido y lápiz labial con más frecuencia, se reía más con sus nuevos amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846825 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pero su semblante cambió cuando nos llevó a ver la sección de la valla fronteriza por donde cruzó la última vez que vino a California. Señaló ardillas y libélulas que volaban entre los listones de la cerca, entre países, sin siquiera saberlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es algo que los humanos se nos limita a veces, verdad, que no tenemos esa libertad”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le preguntamos qué pensaba mientras miraba a través de los barrotes de la cerca hacia California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es un muro que mata sueños, que quita todo”, dijo Luna “Yo dije de este muro para acá, voy a dejar todo mi pasado. No a voltear ni a ver. Aquí es el nuevo inicio, aquí volví a nacer. Eso es California, y no se va a ir. Algún día yo voy a ir ahí. No sé si hasta cuando sea el 2050 o 2100 pero voy a ir ahí algún día”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846830 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>“Gracias por contar mi historia”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando el brote de COVID-19 llegó a México, Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz. Planeaba quedarse en un albergue con una amiga en las afueras de Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hablamos sobre su alivio por estar lejos del centro de detención de Otay Mesa que resultó tener uno de los mayores brotes de COVID-19. Irónicamente, ser deportada pudo haberle salvado la vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por otro lado, si todavía estuviera detenida, podría haber sido entregada a un patrocinador en EE.UU., como lo han estado algunos otros detenidos transgénera, para evitar el riesgo de contraer coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero un mes después, en abril, Luna dejó una mensaje de voz. Su respiración era tan pesada y astrosa que era difícil de entender. Dijo que estaba en una unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital público de Tijuana, enferma de COVID-19. Estaban a punto de ponerle un respirador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gracias por todo”, dijo Luna con voz ronca. “Por querer contar mi historia. Ojalá la gente recuerde un poco de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego, como ha sucedido tantas veces en los últimos dos años, la conversación con Luna en WhatsApp se quedó en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finalmente, luego de varias semanas en el hospital, Luna dejó otro mensaje desde su cama de hospital. La habían desconectado del ventilador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ay, Dios, yo pensé que iba a morir”, suspiró. “Pero no, aquí la pinche Luna está todavía aquí. Aquí está todavía resistiendo todo esto. Tengo mucho que vivir, mucho que expresar todavía. Soy una mujer fuerte. He sobrevivido todo, puedo sobrevivir esto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Historias Relacionadas' tag='kqed-en-espanol']\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz diciendo que el gobierno mexicano acaba de extender su visa humanitaria por un año más. Para ella era complicado trabajar y pagar alquiler en Tijuana. Tiene síntomas persistentes de coronavirus que incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y dolor en las cuerdas vocales. Su sistema inmunológico también estaba luchando para combatir el VIH. Le preocupa que su cuerpo no sea lo suficientemente fuerte para combatir otro virus, por lo que se queda en casa lo más posible para evitar volver a infectarse con COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que ella y otros migrantes están celebrando la victoria de Joe Biden y esperan que él cumpla su promesa de campaña de “poner fin a las políticas de asilo perjudiciales del presidente Trump”, que incluían dificultar la búsqueda de protección para los migrantes LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que está lista para solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos nuevamente si las cosas cambian bajo el nuevo gobierno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí estamos echándole ganas a la vida. Somos guerrilleras y hemos pasado por momentos difíciles. Tenemos esperanzas siempre, siempre sonriendole a la vida”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este reporte fue traducido por el periodista Kervy Robles y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> y \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lblanco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lina Blanco\u003c/a> también contribuyeron a esta versión en español. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este proyecto contó con el apoyo de una subvención de la fundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media\u003c/a>. Su programa de Subvenciones para reportar las historias de las mujeres recibe fondos de la organización Secular Society. \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna\u003c/a>, actriz transgénero vanguardista, dio su voz para el doblaje de Luna Guzmán en el audio \u003c/em>\u003cem>documental.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Hemos seguido la historia de Luna Guzmán por dos años, desde que llegó a Tijuana luego de haber abandonado su vieja vida en Guatemala con el sueño de llegar a California.",
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"title": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://erin-mcintyre.com/\">Erin Siegal McIntyre\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nota de editorx: Pese a que la Real Academia Española (RAE) específica el uso del término transgénero para describir y abarcar todas las experiencias trans dentro del arco de la identidad de género, hemos decidido utilizar la palabra transgénera con la intención de usar un término que mejor corresponda a las experiencias e identidad de Luna.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplió 15 años, como tantas chicas en su pueblo en Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebró con una quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me prestaron el vestido de una compañera porque yo lloraba. Cada vez que íbamos a la escuela teníamos que pasar en frente de una tienda donde habían vestidos de novia y de quinceañera”, dijo Luna. “Yo siempre me quedaba viendo, hasta tocaba el vidrio”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El vestido que pidió prestado era de color turquesa, con una falda larga. Se quitó sus zapatos tenis, se puso los tacones y una tiara y empezó a bailar con sus amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Había un pastel, botellas de champán y chambelanes, chicos que se vistieron en trajes para acompañarla a la fiesta secreta en casa de un amigo. Ninguno de sus parientes estaba allí porque no podían imaginar a Luna como una niña transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No los puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instantes de esa fiesta de cumpleaños perduran en la memoria de Luna como un tiempo en su vida en el cual sintió verdaderamente el placer y la libertad. Era algo para saborear una y otra vez conforme iniciaba la década siguiente, cuando vestía camisetas de fútbol y trataba de parecerse al chico que sabía no llevaba por dentro. Mientras lidiaba con una violencia brutal, decidió tomar el tremendo riesgo de dejar atrás todo en Guatemala y tratar de encontrar una nueva vida en California. Las memorias eran un lugar en donde ella podía imaginarse a salvo, siendo ella misma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conocimos a Luna en un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana dos años atrás y desde entonces nos hemos mantenido en contacto con ella, durante su viaje por la frontera, donde pasó meses detenida por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE por sus siglas en inglés), y su búsqueda por el amparo en México. Pasamos semanas tratando desesperadamente de localizarla en una unidad de cuidados intensivos después de que ella dejara un mensaje de voz en el que había sido diagnosticada con un caso severo de COVID-19. “Gracias por contar mi historia”, dijo con voz ronca y entrecortada, apenas se reconocía su voz . “Gracias por todo. Por contar mi historia. Si muero, ojalá que la gente un día se acuerde de mí”.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>‘¿No puedes cambiar a tu hijo?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna creció en las afueras de una pequeña ciudad en el área central de Guatemala, en una casa construida por palos y periódicos. Su madre vendía papas fritas en un carrito de comida y Luna ayudó a cuidar a sus tres hermanos, uno de ellos con discapacidades del desarrollo. Su padre no formó parte de su vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que era una voraz lectora, pasando horas en la biblioteca de su ciudad. En la escuela jugaba a disfrazarse con otras chicas. Luna se transformaba en una mariposa, sus alas estaban hechas de pedazos de cartón que encontraba en las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que su madre la defendió al principio. Cuando confesó ser gay a los 14 años, su mamá brindó con una copa de agua de jamaica. Pero a medida que Luna crecía, su madre desaprobaba los vestidos y los tacones. Su hijo, ¿vistiéndose como una mujer? Para ella, eso iba en contra de la naturaleza. Entonces Luna volvió a vestir con camisetas de fútbol y pantalones cortos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esos desprecios ahora los entiendo”, dijo Luna. “Ella tal vez quería protegerme”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849344 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A los 13 años, justo en la cúspide de su adolescencia, Luna fue violada por un hombre mayor que era su vecino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En un principio decía ¿por qué a mí? Explícame ¿por qué a mí? Si hay alguien ahí arriba por qué no me explicas”, suspiró Luna. “Pero nunca obtuve esa respuesta. Nunca la obtuve. Hasta hoy en día nunca la he tenido.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que poco después fue forzada a integrar una red de tráfico de personas y labor sexual. Algunos hombres de mucho poder en su pueblo la obligaron a entrar a una red de tráfico de personas. ¿Los clientes? Hombres mayores que pagaban cientos de dólares estadounidenses para dormir con niños pequeños y niñas transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El tráfico de personas y la explotación sexual están desenfrenados en Guatemala, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha denunciado el alarmante número de menores de edad forzados a ingresar a redes de tráfico debido a la pobreza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no había nadie que la ayudara. Los proxenetas, según Luna, tenían vínculos con la policía y los principales funcionarios públicos de la ciudad. “Si alguien intentaba denunciarlos o presentar una denuncia, lo tiraban a la basura”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos menores de edad en la red de tráfico de personas estaban infectados con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Cuando tenía 16 años, Luna descubrió que era portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, conocido también como VIH. El acoso de la gente se intensificó en una ciudad donde ya se le había arrojado piedras y manifestado que se mantuviera alejada de los niños. Luna recuerda que, una vez, algunas personas la golpearon con tanta fuerza que le rompieron la clavícula y le dijeron que se comportara como un “hombre de verdad”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mi pueblo es tan pequeño. No hay información sobre orientación sexual, sobre VIH”, dijo Luna. “No hay información de nada. Es muy cerrado (de mente)”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplío 19 años, Luna cuenta que todavía la obligaban ocasionalmente a trabajar en la red de tráfico sexual. Al llegar a la edad adulta, comenzó a dar algunos pasos para recuperar el control de su vida. Se inscribió en un curso para convertirse en una bombero voluntaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849342 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán trabajó como bombera en su pueblo natal. Ella dice que abandonó la cuadrilla luego de sufrir acoso y amenazas homofóbicas. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se graduó del programa de bomberos. Se sentía valerosa al rescatar personas de accidentes automovilísticos y apagar edificios en llamas. Pero luego, los otros bomberos descubrieron que era portadora del VIH y comenzaron a burlarse de ella con insultos homofóbicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soñó entonces con una salida y puso su mirada en California. Había visto vídeos del enorme desfile del orgullo LGBTQ en San Francisco. Sabía que en California no podría ser despedida o desalojada por ser transgénera, tendría derecho a obtener una identificación con el nombre que deseaba y a usar el baño que coincida con su género. También esperaba poder ganar lo suficiente dinero para pagar su transición.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dejó a su familia, el departamento de bomberos, los vecinos y los proxenetas. Tenía 22 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Se subió al famoso tren que los migrantes llaman La Bestia, que viaja de la frontera sur a la frontera norte de México. No usó vestidos en el viaje. Como ha hecho durante la mayor parte de su vida, mantuvo su cabello corto y usó camisetas y pantalones cortos de hombre por seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849343 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She travelled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes.\" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán montada en un tren, el cual la llevaría de Guatemala a México en 2017. Viajó con otros migrantes LGBTQ y dijo que una vez fueron atacados por hombres armados con machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cruzando la Frontera Sin Un Respaldo Seguro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agosto de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando Luna llegó al cruce fronterizo entre Estados Unidos y México en Otay Mesa, cerca de San Diego, le dijo a un oficial que estaba huyendo de la violencia homofóbica en Guatemala y que estaba pidiendo asilo. Sin embargo, sus esperanzas de sentirse protegida se desvanecieron al cruzar a Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me entraron a unas oficinas. Y como a los 30 minutos me arrestaron en unas cadenas en las manos, en los pies, en la cintura”, dijo Luna. “Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los agentes fronterizos no determinan las solicitudes de asilo—eso sucede más tarde—pero son responsables de la transferencia de los detenidos en custodia de ICE, donde eventualmente hablan con un oficial encargado de procesar una petición de asilo. Sin embargo, los funcionarios fronterizos no marcaron la casilla en el formulario de admisión de Luna que indica que se identificó como LGBTQ, ni la casilla que indica que podría correr un mayor riesgo de abuso sexual durante su detención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846822 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated 8/9/2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un formulario titulado ‘Evaluación del detenido’ de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza, con la fecha 9 de agosto, de 2017. Pese a que Luna Guzmán claramente le explicó a los oficiales que ella había sido un blanco de violencia homofóbica, ellos no marcaron la casilla para identificar a Luna como alguien LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fue entonces cuando las cosas empezaron a complicarse. ICE finalmente le asignó a Luna una cama en la unidad de hombres s en el centro de detención de Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diez días después de que llegó a la frontera pidiendo ayuda, un oficial del Servicio y Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos realizó una entrevista de “miedo creíble”. Fue entonces cuando Luna dijo que a veces también se vestía como mujer. El oficial denominó su historia como verídica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semanas más tarde, una organización latina que apoya a las personas trangénero con sede cerca de Los Ángeles llamada Las Crisantemas envió una carta de apoyo a la corte de inmigración reconociendo a Luna como una mujer trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, Luna nunca fue trasladada a una unidad de detención para mujeres transgénera, a pesar de que en 2015 ICE había acordado mejorar los estándares para las detenidas transgénera, incluido el acceso a unidades separadas de la población en general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No la pusieron bajo la custodia protectora que requieren sus propios estándares”, dijo Allegra Love, abogada del Santa Fe Dreamers Project, quien ha representado a cientos de mujeres transgénera detenidas en los últimos años. Ella nunca fue la abogada de Luna, pero le pedimos que revisara su caso luego de que KQED demandó a ICE para obtener sus registros de inmigración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si alguien les dice: ‘oye, mira, soy trans, tengo disforia de género. No soy del género que crees que soy’, entonces el gobierno tiene esta responsabilidad consentida por su propia mano de tomar eso en serio y proteger a las personas de un mayor peligro”, dijo Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pasó meses en la unidad de hombres antes de que su caso de asilo pudiera ser escuchado por completo, meses en los que dijo que los otros detenidos la acosaban y menospreciaban repetidamente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846829 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Tribunal de inmigración aplazado, largos meses detenida\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna compareció ante la jueza de inmigración Olga Attia, asignada para la corte de inmgiración en 2017 por el entonces fiscal general Jeff Sessions. A Luna se le asignó un intérprete, pero ningún abogado. Si hubiera querido uno, habría tenido que encontrarlo y pagarlo por su propia cuenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En las grabaciones de audio de las audiencias en la corte de inmigración, Luna le dijo a la jueza que estaba preocupada de estar detenida durante tanto tiempo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es que no siempre me dan la medicina que necesito para la enfermedad crónica que yo sufro”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desafortunadamente, no tengo jurisdicción sobre tales asuntos,” le dijo Attia. “Debe informar a los oficiales de detención de esto”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna estuvo detenida durante cinco meses antes de poder presentar oficialmente su solicitud de asilo a la jueza Attia. Luego, la jueza le informó que no había citas disponibles para conocer la profundidad de su caso hasta otros cinco meses más.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de seis meses detenida, Luna era elegible para salir bajo fianza. Los abogados de ICE no se opusieron puesto que ella no tenía antecedentes penales. La jueza fijó la fianza en 4,500 dólares, sin embargo, como muchos solicitantes de asilo, Luna no tenía forma de pagar esa cantidad de dinero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mí me hace daño psicológicamente. Yo nunca he estado detenida, su señoría”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incapaz de tolerar su detención en una unidad de hombres, Luna realizó algo que jamás pensó que podría. Renunció a su caso de asilo y pidió ser deportada de inmediato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voy a cumplir 8 meses de estar detenida en el centro de detención”, dijo Luna a través de un intérprete. “Me siento sola. No tengo palabras para explicarle, su señoría”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso cuando Attia aceptó el retiro de la solicitud de asilo, no estaba claro que la jueza entendía que Luna era transgénera. Después de que el intérprete explicó que Luna se refería a sí misma con el pronombre femenino, Attia siguió llamando a Luna “señor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo puedo imaginar la pérdida de esperanza que alguien experimenta cuando huye de un país donde la razón por la que su vida está en peligro es porque sus instituciones se niegan a reconocer quiénes son”, dijo Love, la abogada que ha representado a decenas de personas trans detenidas provenientes de Centroamérica. “Luego llegar con un sentimiento de esperanza a un lugar donde creen que van a recibir un trato diferente, y luego que los agentes del orden y los jueces, oficiales de la corte, los rechacen inmediatamente también”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si Luna hubiera decidido permanecer detenida y continuar con su solicitud de asilo, las probabilidades estaban en su contra especialmente sin un abogado. Durante el último año de la administración de Barack Obama, se denegó el 55 por ciento de todas las peticiones de asilo. Bajo la administración de Donald Trump, esas cifras subieron a un récord del 72 por ciento en 2020, según datos del proyecto TRAC de la Universidad de Syracuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para los solicitantes de asilo de Guatemala, la tasa es aún mayor: el 85.8 por ciento de esas solicitudes son rechazadas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el avión chárter de ICE para transportar a Luna y otros detenidos de regreso a Guatemala, ella recuerda que tuvo un ataque de pánico, temblaba tanto que apenas podía caminar sobre la pista cuando aterrizó en Ciudad de Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que fue a quedarse con su hermana, quien se había casado con un cristiano evangélico. Sin embargo, después de unos días, su hermana le dio algo de dinero y le pidió que se marchara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tienes un hogar conmigo como una hermana”, recordó Luna que su hermana le dijo. “Solo como un hermano”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se fue de Guatemala y poco a poco regresó a la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, con la esperanza de encontrar un camino de regreso a California. Conocimos a Luna mientras se hospedaba en Casa del Migrante, un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfó. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que estaba tratando de seguir adelante como lavaplatos en un restaurante donde el dueño hacía comentarios homofóbicos. También luchaba por encontrar una clínica donde obtener su medicamento contra el VIH sin una identificación mexicana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las suelas de sus zapatos se estaban desgastando y vestía una camiseta de fútbol, su cabello era muy corto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfo. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como \"una mariposa con las alas rotas\".' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como “una mariposa con las alas rotas”. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un mes después, Luna mandó un mensaje vía WhatsApp para decir que sabía que su sueño de venir a California probablemente terminó porque había renunciado a su solicitud de asilo el año anterior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero luego, unas semanas más tarde, envió un vídeo suyo, de pie, en un lugar con mucho viento, y con el muro fronterizo detrás de ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¡Mira!” exclamó Luna. “¡Crucé! Te veré en San Francisco, junto al puente Golden Gate para tomar un café”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp se mantuvo en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recibimos finalmente una llamada que debimos pagar del centro de detención de Otay Mesa. Luna dijo a través de la línea telefónica desafinada que estaba en la misma celda y en la misma cama en la que se había quedado el año pasado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Le quita las alas a una mariposa, así me siento yo ahora”, dijo Luna. “He sido una prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 de marzo de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de que Luna estuvo detenida durante unas seis semanas, ICE nos concedió permiso para entrevistarla en persona en Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seguimos a un guardia a una sala de espera con otras familias. Un letrero sobre el escritorio de metal gris de un guardia decía: “la esperanza es el ancla del alma. Sé agradecido”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando llamaron nuestros nombres, pasamos por una puerta pesada hasta donde Luna estaba sentada en una pequeña habitación. Vestía sandalias Crocs azules, calcetines marrones y un uniforme azul con la palabra “detenida” estampada en la espalda con letras blancas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846827 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Se veía demacrada y exhausta, pero sus ojos aún brillaban. Su cabello era muy corto. Luna dijo que tuvo que cortárselo todo después de que un hombre le quitara un trozo de cabello con una navaja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me dijo que no toleraba a los homosexuales y me cortó con la navaja”, dijo Luna. “De un rastrillo de una rasuradora me cortó mi cabello. Fue muy duro para mí porque me dijo que si yo me quejaba con los oficiales me iba a ir peor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo además que eso sucedió en el Centro Correccional Metropolitano, una cárcel federal en San Diego, donde estuvo detenida durante aproximadamente una semana después de que los agentes de la patrulla fronteriza la recogieran. Fue acusada allí del delito federal de reingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos, luego de que el presidente Trump intensificara los enjuiciamientos bajo una política de “cero tolerancia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el acoso sexual en el centro de detención de ICE fue aún peor, agregó Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí hay personas que nos tocan el trasero, que nos tocan las bubis que nos miran cuando nos estamos bañando”, dijo Luna. “ Quieren que nos enseñen sus partes. Yo no quiero estar más tiempo acá. Yo sé que si yo me meto una queja, no me van a hacer caso. Yo se que no me van a hacer caso”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, Luna dijo que no le alcanzaba el dinero para comprarse champú o bocadillos en la tienda del centro de detención. Agregó que otros presos se ofrecieron a comprárselos a cambio de favores sexuales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no voy a hacer algo que no me guste por una sopa que vale 60 centavos de dólar”, dijo Luna. Yo no voy a estar haciendo cosas malas, tener sexo con nadie acá. Toda la discriminación que vivimos allá afuera, acá es peor porque acá es otro mundo. Acá es un mundo de la discriminación y la homofobia y el acoso es súper grandísimo. Es peor que allá afuera. Porque acá no tienes para dónde ir, acá está todo cerrado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un estudio en 2018 encontró que los inmigrantes LGBTQ tienen casi 100 veces más probabilidades de ser acosados o agredidos sexualmente durante una detención de ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He sido prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que no quería llorar delante de nosotros. Quería ser la persona fuerte que nos había impresionado con su coraje y tenacidad cuando la conocimos en Tijuana cuatro meses atrás.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero después de nuestra entrevista nos asomamos por una ventana de la pequeña habitación. Tenía la cabeza sobre la mesa y sollozaba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846828 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>El segundo período de detención de Luna solo duró un par de meses. ICE trató de deportarla lo antes posible: había reingresado a Estados Unidos escalando la valla fronteriza y violó la prohibición de cinco años de reingreso que se le impuso cuando fue deportada por primera vez. Ahora se le prohibió regresar al país en 20 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esta era la segunda vez que estaba detenida y todavía no tenía abogado. Nadie que le ofrezca una alternativa al asilo, algo llamado “Retención de la Expulsión”, que ha permitido que algunas mujeres trans de Centroamérica se queden en Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella”, dijo Love. “Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribiéndose en una universidad comunitaria o, ya sabes, consiguiendo su primer apartamento o, de hecho, obteniendo su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos y una green card o permiso de residencia. Pero en cambio, no se le proporcionó el proceso que se merecía”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“No es seguro que te quedes en Guatemala”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo 27 de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna fue deportada por segunda vez a la Ciudad de Guatemala. KQED contrató a un equipo de filmación para encontrarse con ella cuando bajara del avión.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contó cuatro dólares estadounidense de una bolsa de plástico marcada como “propiedad personal”, dinero ganado trabajando en la lavandería del centro de detención. Se pasó la mano por la cara, como queriendo que todo desapareciera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego se dirigió a la Asociación Lambda, una organización LGBTQ en la Ciudad de Guatemala que ayuda a los deportados, que después de escuchar su historia, un empleado de admisión le dijo a Luna que no era seguro quedarse en Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Su perfil es de alto riesgo”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No necesitaba recordarle sobre las mujeres trans que fueron asesinadas recientemente después de haber sido deportadas a Centroamérica. El empleado de admisión dijo también que le preocupaba que los proxenetas en su ciudad natal pudieran tener conexiones en la Ciudad de Guatemala y rastrearla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consiguió una casa segura en un lugar secreto, pero Luna decidió irse después de pasar una noche allí. Se negó a sentirse encerrada de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A estas alturas llevábamos cinco meses informando sobre la historia de Luna. Algunos oyentes transgéneros de California Report en Modesto que escucharon una de las historias, la contactaron y le enviaron 80 dólares, dinero que la ayudó a salir de Guatemala nuevamente y emprender otro viaje de regreso a la frontera. También organizaron un \u003cem>drag show\u003c/em> dedicado a Luna.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril y julio de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de unos meses más, Luna encontró la manera de salir de Guatemala y regresar a México. Solicitó una visa humanitaria para quedarse temporalmente y encontró trabajo haciendo tortillas en un restaurante de Tapachula. Conoció a algunos nuevos amigos, otros migrantes transgéneros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronto, llena de valor por sus nuevos amigos, decidió vestirse de mujer nuevamente para cenar con ellos en un café local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mañana siguiente, a las 6 a.m. llamó llorando. Dijo que había sido violada por cinco hombres armados, que la secuestraron mientras esperaba un taxi después de cenar. Dijo que la golpearon y la patearon en los riñones, donde se estaba recuperando de una reciente infección.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Por qué tengo que sufrir tanto? ¿Por qué la vida es injusta conmigo?”, sollozó Luna. “¿Por qué cuando demuestro la persona que soy, siempre me va mal, eso es lo que no entiendo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que tenía demasiado miedo de presentar una demanda ante la policía mexicana, porque probablemente no harían más que reírse de ella y decir cosas homofóbicas. Me envió una publicación en Facebook sobre la muerte de un activista gay, Juan Ruiz Nicolás, quien fue asesinado en Tapachula, el pueblo donde se hospedaba cerca de la frontera con Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella. Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribirse en un colegio comunitario o, ya sabes, conseguir su primer apartamento o, de hecho, conseguir su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos’.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Como no reportó la violación a nadie, es difícil confirmar que Luna fue agredida. Esto es parte de la paradoja de los solicitantes de asilo. Se espera que documenten y prueben las cosas horribles que les han sucedido, pero con demasiada frecuencia, el acto de demandar estos abusos podría ponerlos en mayor peligro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por supuesto, como periodistas, hemos hecho todo lo posible para examinar su historia. KQED incluso demandó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional para obtener los registros de Luna. Pero cuando se trata de lo que sucedió a Luna en Guatemala o México, no hay forma de probar el tráfico y la violencia. Llevaba tanto tiempo en tránsito, viviendo en la calle y en refugios, que tiene poca documentación de su vida. Aún así, la historia de Luna es consistente con lo que han encontrado los defensores y las investigaciones sobre el trato de los detenidos inmigrantes transgéneros y portadores de VIH. Mucho de esto también se refleja en su solicitud de asilo y en sus registros médicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna finalmente recibió una visa humanitaria temporal y una tarjeta de identificación mexicana, válida por un año. El gobierno mexicano la envió de regreso a Tijuana, a una casa segura para refugiados LGBTQ llamada Casa Arcoíris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En octubre decidimos volver a visitarla en Tijuana para saber cómo estaba. Pero no pudimos encontrarnos con ella en la casa donde se quedaba porque querían mantener la ubicación en secreto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nos encontramos con Luna y uno de sus nuevos compañeros refugiados en un enorme supermercado donde compraban frijoles secos, zanahorias y repollo. Cada uno de ellos se turnaron para cocinar un platillo de su país de origen para los otros habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Une amige no binario de Honduras, que no quiso dar su nombre por seguridad, dijo que Luna es bien querida en la casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se ha encariñado con todo el mundo. Todo el mundo la aprecia mucho”, dijo une compañere refugiados de Luna. \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u003c/span>“Ha compartido su historia. La comunidad LGBT nos hace una conexión como familia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esa comunidad, esa estabilidad, cambiaron las cosas para Luna. Llevaba vestido y lápiz labial con más frecuencia, se reía más con sus nuevos amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846825 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pero su semblante cambió cuando nos llevó a ver la sección de la valla fronteriza por donde cruzó la última vez que vino a California. Señaló ardillas y libélulas que volaban entre los listones de la cerca, entre países, sin siquiera saberlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es algo que los humanos se nos limita a veces, verdad, que no tenemos esa libertad”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le preguntamos qué pensaba mientras miraba a través de los barrotes de la cerca hacia California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es un muro que mata sueños, que quita todo”, dijo Luna “Yo dije de este muro para acá, voy a dejar todo mi pasado. No a voltear ni a ver. Aquí es el nuevo inicio, aquí volví a nacer. Eso es California, y no se va a ir. Algún día yo voy a ir ahí. No sé si hasta cuando sea el 2050 o 2100 pero voy a ir ahí algún día”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846830 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>“Gracias por contar mi historia”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando el brote de COVID-19 llegó a México, Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz. Planeaba quedarse en un albergue con una amiga en las afueras de Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hablamos sobre su alivio por estar lejos del centro de detención de Otay Mesa que resultó tener uno de los mayores brotes de COVID-19. Irónicamente, ser deportada pudo haberle salvado la vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por otro lado, si todavía estuviera detenida, podría haber sido entregada a un patrocinador en EE.UU., como lo han estado algunos otros detenidos transgénera, para evitar el riesgo de contraer coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero un mes después, en abril, Luna dejó una mensaje de voz. Su respiración era tan pesada y astrosa que era difícil de entender. Dijo que estaba en una unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital público de Tijuana, enferma de COVID-19. Estaban a punto de ponerle un respirador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gracias por todo”, dijo Luna con voz ronca. “Por querer contar mi historia. Ojalá la gente recuerde un poco de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego, como ha sucedido tantas veces en los últimos dos años, la conversación con Luna en WhatsApp se quedó en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finalmente, luego de varias semanas en el hospital, Luna dejó otro mensaje desde su cama de hospital. La habían desconectado del ventilador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ay, Dios, yo pensé que iba a morir”, suspiró. “Pero no, aquí la pinche Luna está todavía aquí. Aquí está todavía resistiendo todo esto. Tengo mucho que vivir, mucho que expresar todavía. Soy una mujer fuerte. He sobrevivido todo, puedo sobrevivir esto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz diciendo que el gobierno mexicano acaba de extender su visa humanitaria por un año más. Para ella era complicado trabajar y pagar alquiler en Tijuana. Tiene síntomas persistentes de coronavirus que incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y dolor en las cuerdas vocales. Su sistema inmunológico también estaba luchando para combatir el VIH. Le preocupa que su cuerpo no sea lo suficientemente fuerte para combatir otro virus, por lo que se queda en casa lo más posible para evitar volver a infectarse con COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que ella y otros migrantes están celebrando la victoria de Joe Biden y esperan que él cumpla su promesa de campaña de “poner fin a las políticas de asilo perjudiciales del presidente Trump”, que incluían dificultar la búsqueda de protección para los migrantes LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que está lista para solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos nuevamente si las cosas cambian bajo el nuevo gobierno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí estamos echándole ganas a la vida. Somos guerrilleras y hemos pasado por momentos difíciles. Tenemos esperanzas siempre, siempre sonriendole a la vida”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este reporte fue traducido por el periodista Kervy Robles y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> y \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lblanco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lina Blanco\u003c/a> también contribuyeron a esta versión en español. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este proyecto contó con el apoyo de una subvención de la fundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media\u003c/a>. Su programa de Subvenciones para reportar las historias de las mujeres recibe fondos de la organización Secular Society. \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna\u003c/a>, actriz transgénero vanguardista, dio su voz para el doblaje de Luna Guzmán en el audio \u003c/em>\u003cem>documental.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Small Business Owners Struggle to Stay Open in an Empty Oakland Chinatown",
"title": "Small Business Owners Struggle to Stay Open in an Empty Oakland Chinatown",
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"content": "\u003cp>Before the pandemic, dozens of shoppers streamed through 9th and Webster, a busy intersection in Oakland. But on a recent afternoon, Carl Chan marveled at the sight of nearly empty streets. Only two pedestrians lingered on a corner, waiting for the green light to cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, this is Chinatown?” said Chan, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandchinatownchamber.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Chinatown Chamber of Commerce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants in the neighborhood were some of the first hit by the pandemic, Chan said. As early as January, Bay Area residents with Asian roots were getting word of the deadly toll of COVID-19 in China and canceled large banquets booked months in advance. Instead of shopping and gathering to celebrate the Chinese New Year, many opted to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even before the shelter in place, we had quite a few businesses already closed,” Chan said, standing near shuttered shops and ‘For Rent’ signs. “The impact has been huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl Chan, president of Chinatown Chamber of Commerce, poses for a portrait in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While exact figures are hard to come by, Chan says he believes more than 30% of businesses in the neighborhood have closed their doors temporarily, or for good. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayeda.org/covid-business-impacts/\">East Bay Economic Development Alliance\u003c/a>, close to 900 businesses in Oakland discontinued operations in the first six months of shelter-in-place restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses in Chinatown have also had to contend with a drop in customers due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide\">anti-Asian sentiment\u003c/a> mistakenly connecting COVID-19 with all Asian people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so hurtful,” said Chan, who has frequented the neighborhood since moving to the U.S. from Hong Kong as a teenager, and often waves to acquaintances passing by on the street. “I'm seeing so many people not only losing the business they worked so hard to build, but also, I'm seeing so many people are losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the pandemic, county public health orders have required Anna Bui to close Diva Nails, the nail salon she’s owned in Chinatown for 18 years. Still, she has been on the hook for $2,250 per month in commercial rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852253\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diva Nails in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After April, Bui tried negotiating with the landlord to reduce her payments, but he he faced a mortgage bill of his own for the property, and threatened to sue her. “I’m very stressed, and often up all night worrying about what I’m going to do with my salon and my family,” said Bui, 46.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in November, Bui’s landlord agreed to offer a discount on her burgeoning debt with him, but she still owes $11,000 in back rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other landlords in the neighborhood said they are working with tenants who are missing rent payments. At Pacific Renaissance Plaza, which includes 90,000 square feet of commercial space in the heart of Chinatown, several tenants have paid partial or no rent since April and May, according to Rick da Silva, principal with Loh Realty and Wellington Property, which owns and manages the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When this started, we actually told our tenants here and in other locations, ‘Pay what you can. We will work all of this out,' ” da Silva said. “We view our tenants as our partners. I mean, we would not want to push anybody out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852269\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a mask takes a to-go order while standing outside a restaurant in Oakland's Chinatown\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">May Zhong, owner of Ying Kee Restaurant, takes a to-go order for local resident Caxton Fung in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But not all landlords are as understanding, and demand for help to renegotiate commercial lease terms has shot up, said Tobias Damm-Luhr with the San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://lawyerscommittee.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights\u003c/a>. The organization provides free legal counseling to people of color and \u003ca href=\"https://lccrsf.org/legal-services-for-oakland-small-businesses/\">webinars on lease negotiation\u003c/a> in Vietnamese, Cantonese and other languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one tip that we give people as part of these webinars is to remember that you have the upper hand as a small business tenant in these negotiations, because the market for commercial space right now is a renter's market,” Damm-Luhr said. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant business owners in particular may struggle with language issues to communicate effectively with their landlords and understand the contents of their lease agreements in English, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland recently allocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2020/city-lawyers-committee-for-civil-rights-of-the-sf-bay-area-to-provide-webinars-consultations-to-assist-oakland-small-businesses-with-lease-negotiations\">$150,000\u003c/a> to the civil rights nonprofit to help local businesses impacted by COVID-19 negotiate their leases, and try to avoid eviction or closure. But local business tenants must sign up for the assistance before Dec. 21, Damm-Luhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11851757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11851757\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jewelry store is shuttered in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 15, 2020. The local chamber of commerce said the business may be closed permanently. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/oaklands-moratorium-on-residential-and-commercial-evictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moratorium\u003c/a> on commercial and residential evictions ends on March 31. But after, the city’s business tenants will be responsible for all the back rent they owe. Damm-Luhr worries that without substantial federal aid for small businesses, as well as more resources for legal assistance, there could be a huge wave of evictions in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Displacement of small business tenants has been an issue way before the pandemic even started,” he said, pointing to high rents. “But it was just exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low-income communities and communities of color in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before the pandemic, dozens of shoppers streamed through 9th and Webster, a busy intersection in Oakland. But on a recent afternoon, Carl Chan marveled at the sight of nearly empty streets. Only two pedestrians lingered on a corner, waiting for the green light to cross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, this is Chinatown?” said Chan, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandchinatownchamber.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Oakland Chinatown Chamber of Commerce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restaurants in the neighborhood were some of the first hit by the pandemic, Chan said. As early as January, Bay Area residents with Asian roots were getting word of the deadly toll of COVID-19 in China and canceled large banquets booked months in advance. Instead of shopping and gathering to celebrate the Chinese New Year, many opted to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So even before the shelter in place, we had quite a few businesses already closed,” Chan said, standing near shuttered shops and ‘For Rent’ signs. “The impact has been huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46444_007_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl Chan, president of Chinatown Chamber of Commerce, poses for a portrait in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While exact figures are hard to come by, Chan says he believes more than 30% of businesses in the neighborhood have closed their doors temporarily, or for good. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://eastbayeda.org/covid-business-impacts/\">East Bay Economic Development Alliance\u003c/a>, close to 900 businesses in Oakland discontinued operations in the first six months of shelter-in-place restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses in Chinatown have also had to contend with a drop in customers due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide\">anti-Asian sentiment\u003c/a> mistakenly connecting COVID-19 with all Asian people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so hurtful,” said Chan, who has frequented the neighborhood since moving to the U.S. from Hong Kong as a teenager, and often waves to acquaintances passing by on the street. “I'm seeing so many people not only losing the business they worked so hard to build, but also, I'm seeing so many people are losing their jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of the pandemic, county public health orders have required Anna Bui to close Diva Nails, the nail salon she’s owned in Chinatown for 18 years. Still, she has been on the hook for $2,250 per month in commercial rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852253\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46449_012_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diva Nails in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After April, Bui tried negotiating with the landlord to reduce her payments, but he he faced a mortgage bill of his own for the property, and threatened to sue her. “I’m very stressed, and often up all night worrying about what I’m going to do with my salon and my family,” said Bui, 46.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in November, Bui’s landlord agreed to offer a discount on her burgeoning debt with him, but she still owes $11,000 in back rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other landlords in the neighborhood said they are working with tenants who are missing rent payments. At Pacific Renaissance Plaza, which includes 90,000 square feet of commercial space in the heart of Chinatown, several tenants have paid partial or no rent since April and May, according to Rick da Silva, principal with Loh Realty and Wellington Property, which owns and manages the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When this started, we actually told our tenants here and in other locations, ‘Pay what you can. We will work all of this out,' ” da Silva said. “We view our tenants as our partners. I mean, we would not want to push anybody out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11852269\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing a mask takes a to-go order while standing outside a restaurant in Oakland's Chinatown\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46447_010_KQED_Oakland_Chinatown_12182020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">May Zhong, owner of Ying Kee Restaurant, takes a to-go order for local resident Caxton Fung in Oakland on Dec. 18, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But not all landlords are as understanding, and demand for help to renegotiate commercial lease terms has shot up, said Tobias Damm-Luhr with the San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://lawyerscommittee.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights\u003c/a>. The organization provides free legal counseling to people of color and \u003ca href=\"https://lccrsf.org/legal-services-for-oakland-small-businesses/\">webinars on lease negotiation\u003c/a> in Vietnamese, Cantonese and other languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one tip that we give people as part of these webinars is to remember that you have the upper hand as a small business tenant in these negotiations, because the market for commercial space right now is a renter's market,” Damm-Luhr said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant business owners in particular may struggle with language issues to communicate effectively with their landlords and understand the contents of their lease agreements in English, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland recently allocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2020/city-lawyers-committee-for-civil-rights-of-the-sf-bay-area-to-provide-webinars-consultations-to-assist-oakland-small-businesses-with-lease-negotiations\">$150,000\u003c/a> to the civil rights nonprofit to help local businesses impacted by COVID-19 negotiate their leases, and try to avoid eviction or closure. But local business tenants must sign up for the assistance before Dec. 21, Damm-Luhr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11851757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11851757\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46431_IMG_3075-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A jewelry store is shuttered in Oakland's Chinatown on Dec. 15, 2020. The local chamber of commerce said the business may be closed permanently. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/oaklands-moratorium-on-residential-and-commercial-evictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moratorium\u003c/a> on commercial and residential evictions ends on March 31. But after, the city’s business tenants will be responsible for all the back rent they owe. Damm-Luhr worries that without substantial federal aid for small businesses, as well as more resources for legal assistance, there could be a huge wave of evictions in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Displacement of small business tenants has been an issue way before the pandemic even started,” he said, pointing to high rents. “But it was just exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low-income communities and communities of color in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-to-know-about-applying-for-daca-from-people-who-have-done-it",
"title": "What to Know About Applying for DACA From People Who Have Done It",
"publishDate": 1608494510,
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"headTitle": "What to Know About Applying for DACA From People Who Have Done It | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852562/que-debe-saber-sobre-el-tramite-para-aplicar-a-daca-segun-las-personas-que-ya-lo-han-hecho\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated March 13, 2021\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite national efforts for comprehensive immigration reform and increasing hope of a path to citizenship for undocumented Americans in the U.S., advocates still recommend those who qualify for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some organizations, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationhelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ImmigrationHelp.org\u003c/a>, are providing services free of cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#apply\">Apply\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#check\">Check with a local community organization or lawyer\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#organized\">Keep everything organized\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#application\">Check your application before sending\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of December, a federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11850031/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-restore-daca-as-it-existed-under-obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reversed the Trump administration’s rules\u003c/a> placing further limits on Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Obama-era program is an executive branch memorandum passed in 2012 in an effort to protect youth who came to the U.S. as children. DACA helps undocumented people in two main ways — granting both protection from deportation and a permit to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does the new judicial decision mean? It means those eligible can now apply or renew their application for DACA for the first time since 2017.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Prerna Lal, immigration lawyer \"]‘The program exists because of people’s sacrifice and hard work and advocacy efforts … I want people to be able to benefit from this.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program exists because of people’s sacrifice and hard work and advocacy efforts,” said Prerna Lal, who did organizing work to get it passed. “It’s amazing that it has withstood four years of a very anti-immigrant administration … And I want people to be able to benefit from this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA protects about 640,000 undocumented young immigrants. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11850031/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-restore-daca-as-it-existed-under-obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">300,000 young people are eligible for the program\u003c/a> and, as of July, there were estimated to be over 55,000 who have aged into eligibility over the last three years. [aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoseline Mendez, 26, and her husband Manolo De León, 27, applied for and received DACA in 2012 when the program began — and they have renewed it every two years since. Mendez and De León were both born in Guatemala and moved to the United States when they were young children. They married two years ago and now live in San Rafael where she works as a Montessori preschool teacher and he works as a district manager for a cellphone company. After applying, and then renewing for the past several years, they have a few suggestions for those looking to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://prernalal.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prerna Lal\u003c/a> who is a human rights and immigration lawyer and advocate based in Berkeley, also has some tips. Lal describes how the process requires quite a bit of documentation, “You can’t just give me your passport and expect this process to be done,” they said. An added challenge is assembling all the documents together and organized during a pandemic, Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some tips for those looking to apply for DACA — from people who have done it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"apply\">\u003c/a>Apply as soon as possible\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the announcement that DACA can now be renewed is a win for undocumented communities, fear and mistrust still linger, and the future is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Andrew Hanen, a Republican appointee in Southern Texas, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2020/12/18/texas-daca-challenge/\">scheduled a hearing\u003c/a> on the case for Dec. 22, 2020. Hanen notably blocked an expansion of DACA in 2015 but also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place\">declined to issue a preliminary injunction\u003c/a> on it in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lal, who has been keeping a close eye on the court proceedings, said the next step is that DACA will be in front of what could be an unfavorable judge. “So, I would say to apply as soon as possible because, we don’t really know … what will happen,” Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lal notes, if you apply right away, you will likely still be able to move forward even if the program is struck down for others in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Trump administration threatened to take away DACA and fought it all the way to the Supreme Court, many people still wonder if it will last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turned on the switch in my head that [DACA] is not a sure thing,” De León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Still, at any time, they can take it away and you have no control of it,” he said, while reflecting on the benefits that DACA has brought to him and many other immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852141\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852141\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stack of completed applications await review by attorneys at Services, Immigrant Rights, and Education Network (SIREN) in San Jose on Feb. 7, 2018. In 2018, the nonprofit offered financial aid to DACA applicants unable to afford the $495 renewal fee. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"check\">\u003c/a>Check with a local community organization or lawyer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In applications like these, people can also rely on community organizations to guide them through the process. For Mendez and De León, \u003ca href=\"https://canalalliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canal Alliance\u003c/a> — a community organization in Marin County — was of great help when they first applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to have someone to rely on,” Mendez said. “It benefits people because you see others go through that program from the community and it is seen as an encouragement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal also recommends checking the \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigration Advocates Network\u003c/a> to find a local legal service. Some organizations, they said, even have funding to pay the DACA application fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Lal also suggests having a conversation with a lawyer to make sure the applicant is not eligible for a different kind of visa or path to citizenship. Lal said that at least 20-30% of people who seek assistance with DACA are eligible for another legal mechanism toward citizenship — such as a U-Visa, special immigrant juvenile status or something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/prernaplal/status/1336849853419286529\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"organized\">\u003c/a>Keep Everything Organized\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like any application process requiring you to assemble a variety of papers, a key tip is simply keeping everything together so you easily find it. “Keep everything in file, have everything organized,” Mendez said. “That way you could always look back and, if anything happens, you have evidence that you have it and it’s all in one folder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendez and De León both agreed that the process takes the longest the first time you apply. However, the renewal process is way simpler — even moreso if you have all of your documents on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make copies of everything. Make sure you don’t have one single copy of it. It definitely helps your review process to literally copy and paste,” De León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal notes that the one requirement people may be ignoring, or may be a challenge, is the “proof of physical presence on June 15, 2012 — that you have to show that you were present in the U.S. on that date — if you don’t have the exact date you can show something before, something after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nNow that this date is so long ago, it could be hard to show that from a documentation standpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people should consult a lawyer, or at least consult with a nonprofit,” Lal said. “It is not as straight-forward as before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"application\">\u003c/a>Check Your Application Before Sending\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>De León also says people should double and triple check your application before sending it to avoid any type of mistake in the forms, since this can prolong the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/_NestorRuiz/status/1337881634780160015\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Additional Resources:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationhelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigration Help\u003c/a> offers free assistance\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrantsrising.org/resource/steps-to-apply-for-daca-for-the-first-time/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Step-by-step guide from Immigrants Rising\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Official \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/humanitarian-parole/consideration-of-deferred-action-for-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services\u003c/a> (USCIS) website\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/issues/daca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Immigration Law Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://undocu.berkeley.edu/legal-support-overview/what-is-daca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Undocumented Students Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852562/que-debe-saber-sobre-el-tramite-para-aplicar-a-daca-segun-las-personas-que-ya-lo-han-hecho\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated March 13, 2021\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite national efforts for comprehensive immigration reform and increasing hope of a path to citizenship for undocumented Americans in the U.S., advocates still recommend those who qualify for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some organizations, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationhelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ImmigrationHelp.org\u003c/a>, are providing services free of cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#apply\">Apply\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#check\">Check with a local community organization or lawyer\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#organized\">Keep everything organized\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#application\">Check your application before sending\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of December, a federal judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11850031/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-restore-daca-as-it-existed-under-obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reversed the Trump administration’s rules\u003c/a> placing further limits on Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Obama-era program is an executive branch memorandum passed in 2012 in an effort to protect youth who came to the U.S. as children. DACA helps undocumented people in two main ways — granting both protection from deportation and a permit to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does the new judicial decision mean? It means those eligible can now apply or renew their application for DACA for the first time since 2017.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The program exists because of people’s sacrifice and hard work and advocacy efforts … I want people to be able to benefit from this.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The program exists because of people’s sacrifice and hard work and advocacy efforts,” said Prerna Lal, who did organizing work to get it passed. “It’s amazing that it has withstood four years of a very anti-immigrant administration … And I want people to be able to benefit from this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA protects about 640,000 undocumented young immigrants. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11850031/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-restore-daca-as-it-existed-under-obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">300,000 young people are eligible for the program\u003c/a> and, as of July, there were estimated to be over 55,000 who have aged into eligibility over the last three years. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoseline Mendez, 26, and her husband Manolo De León, 27, applied for and received DACA in 2012 when the program began — and they have renewed it every two years since. Mendez and De León were both born in Guatemala and moved to the United States when they were young children. They married two years ago and now live in San Rafael where she works as a Montessori preschool teacher and he works as a district manager for a cellphone company. After applying, and then renewing for the past several years, they have a few suggestions for those looking to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://prernalal.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prerna Lal\u003c/a> who is a human rights and immigration lawyer and advocate based in Berkeley, also has some tips. Lal describes how the process requires quite a bit of documentation, “You can’t just give me your passport and expect this process to be done,” they said. An added challenge is assembling all the documents together and organized during a pandemic, Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some tips for those looking to apply for DACA — from people who have done it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"apply\">\u003c/a>Apply as soon as possible\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the announcement that DACA can now be renewed is a win for undocumented communities, fear and mistrust still linger, and the future is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Andrew Hanen, a Republican appointee in Southern Texas, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2020/12/18/texas-daca-challenge/\">scheduled a hearing\u003c/a> on the case for Dec. 22, 2020. Hanen notably blocked an expansion of DACA in 2015 but also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/31/643814735/texas-judge-says-daca-is-probably-illegal-but-leaves-it-in-place\">declined to issue a preliminary injunction\u003c/a> on it in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lal, who has been keeping a close eye on the court proceedings, said the next step is that DACA will be in front of what could be an unfavorable judge. “So, I would say to apply as soon as possible because, we don’t really know … what will happen,” Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Lal notes, if you apply right away, you will likely still be able to move forward even if the program is struck down for others in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Trump administration threatened to take away DACA and fought it all the way to the Supreme Court, many people still wonder if it will last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turned on the switch in my head that [DACA] is not a sure thing,” De León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Still, at any time, they can take it away and you have no control of it,” he said, while reflecting on the benefits that DACA has brought to him and many other immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852141\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11852141\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS29491_IMG_1387-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stack of completed applications await review by attorneys at Services, Immigrant Rights, and Education Network (SIREN) in San Jose on Feb. 7, 2018. In 2018, the nonprofit offered financial aid to DACA applicants unable to afford the $495 renewal fee. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"check\">\u003c/a>Check with a local community organization or lawyer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In applications like these, people can also rely on community organizations to guide them through the process. For Mendez and De León, \u003ca href=\"https://canalalliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canal Alliance\u003c/a> — a community organization in Marin County — was of great help when they first applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to have someone to rely on,” Mendez said. “It benefits people because you see others go through that program from the community and it is seen as an encouragement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal also recommends checking the \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigration Advocates Network\u003c/a> to find a local legal service. Some organizations, they said, even have funding to pay the DACA application fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, Lal also suggests having a conversation with a lawyer to make sure the applicant is not eligible for a different kind of visa or path to citizenship. Lal said that at least 20-30% of people who seek assistance with DACA are eligible for another legal mechanism toward citizenship — such as a U-Visa, special immigrant juvenile status or something else.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"organized\">\u003c/a>Keep Everything Organized\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like any application process requiring you to assemble a variety of papers, a key tip is simply keeping everything together so you easily find it. “Keep everything in file, have everything organized,” Mendez said. “That way you could always look back and, if anything happens, you have evidence that you have it and it’s all in one folder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendez and De León both agreed that the process takes the longest the first time you apply. However, the renewal process is way simpler — even moreso if you have all of your documents on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make copies of everything. Make sure you don’t have one single copy of it. It definitely helps your review process to literally copy and paste,” De León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal notes that the one requirement people may be ignoring, or may be a challenge, is the “proof of physical presence on June 15, 2012 — that you have to show that you were present in the U.S. on that date — if you don’t have the exact date you can show something before, something after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nNow that this date is so long ago, it could be hard to show that from a documentation standpoint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people should consult a lawyer, or at least consult with a nonprofit,” Lal said. “It is not as straight-forward as before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"application\">\u003c/a>Check Your Application Before Sending\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>De León also says people should double and triple check your application before sending it to avoid any type of mistake in the forms, since this can prolong the process.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch3>Additional Resources:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationhelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigration Help\u003c/a> offers free assistance\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrantsrising.org/resource/steps-to-apply-for-daca-for-the-first-time/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Step-by-step guide from Immigrants Rising\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Official \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/humanitarian-parole/consideration-of-deferred-action-for-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services\u003c/a> (USCIS) website\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/issues/daca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Immigration Law Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://undocu.berkeley.edu/legal-support-overview/what-is-daca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Undocumented Students Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This summer, while many Californians went to work in their pajamas at their kitchen tables, Vicente Reyes went to work in the grape fields of the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other Americans have been able to shelter in place at home, we still keep working,” he said. “And without our work, there wouldn’t be any food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produce, meat and dairy gets shipped all over the country and the world. This is why Reyes believes agricultural workers should be next to get the COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there would be a shortage of food, then there would be more chaos,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11851296\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11851296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/VicenteReyes.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/VicenteReyes.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/VicenteReyes-160x109.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vicente Reyes worked through the summer harvesting table grapes in the fields of California’s Central Valley. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Vicente Reyes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While doctors, nurses and other health care workers began to receive the new COVID-19 vaccine this week, the state is still actively debating which essential workers will be next in line. Officials are using a framework of risk, equity and societal impact to decide who should be prioritized — meat packers, teachers, those who manage wastewater or electrical supply — and based on discussions so far, they appear to be giving deep consideration to agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/12/02/california-farmworkers-hit-hard-by-covid-19-study-finds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirsinc.org/phocadownload/userupload/elevated_farmworker_vulnerability_covid-19_infection_research-report_absract_final_villarejo_07-25-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">show\u003c/a> farmworkers are at higher risk of contracting the coronavirus than the average population because they earn lower wages that force them to live in crowded conditions or drive to work sites in crowded trucks. There have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11850332/covid-19-again-sweeps-through-foster-farms-plants-in-central-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">multiple outbreaks\u003c/a> at Foster Farms’ poultry processing plants in the state. And when agricultural workers do get sick, Reyes says, they can’t afford to take time off work or go to the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try not to, because we would have to pay,” he says. “We just try to walk it out or try to find home remedies to get better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Diana Tellefson Torres, executive director of the United Farm Workers Foundation']‘This is definitely an opportunity to redress a lot of the inequities that farmworkers have experienced, not only for decades, but for centuries.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ETA/naws/pdfs/NAWS_Research_Report_13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">About 50%\u003c/a> of farmworkers are undocumented, and without legal status they have been systematically left out of U.S. labor protections, like overtime and sick pay. Under the Affordable Care Act, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/142601/farming-industry-chafed-by-obamacare-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">undocumented immigrants\u003c/a> were prohibited from getting health insurance through the state’s Medicaid program or from buying it through the state’s marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without health coverage, advocates say farmworkers are paying the price with their lives: Latinos are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">almost three times\u003c/a> more likely to die from COVID-19 than white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing these structural inequities that are now being exacerbated because of a pandemic,” says Diana Tellefson Torres, executive director of the United Farm Workers Foundation, adding that all the barriers they face in getting care is another reason farmworkers should be prioritized for the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely an opportunity to redress a lot of the inequities that farmworkers have experienced, not only for decades, but for centuries,” she says. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Different Counties, Different Priorities\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The state has made clear that it’s taking equity considerations like this very seriously in its vaccine plans. But it will be up to individual counties to implement the state plan, balancing equity concerns with the complicated logistics of shipping vaccines that need to be stored at minus 94 degrees Farenheit to rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties already have a plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Riverside County, we have a large farmworker population,” says Kim Saruwatari, director of public health for Riverside County. “So we know that once you take it out of the deep freeze, it’s good for five days. So, take a smaller amount, take it out to those farmworking communities, administer everything we have, get more, and take it out and keep going until we get everybody covered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"covid-vaccines\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller counties with less money may find this daunting — even impractical. For Eric Sergienko, public health officer for Mariposa County, it doesn’t make sense to vaccinate farmworkers first because the first vaccines endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11850939/fda-authorizes-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-in-u-s\">Pfizer-BioNTech\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971735/fda-researchers-endorse-moderna-covid-19-vaccine\">Moderna\u003c/a> vaccines — each require two doses: the primary shot followed by a booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if it were just a single shot, I think we would be able to wrangle with logistics fairly easily,” Sergienko says. “But seeing as we have to find that person either 21 days or 28 days later, that adds a layer of complexity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers are mobile, he adds. They could be working or living in a different place one month later. He says the most effective strategy could be to wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good,” he says. “Hold us as closely to those equitable measures as possible, but recognize that it’s not going to be perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sergienko is concerned about equity, but he needs to use an equation that works for his region. His county has just one hospital and no intensive care unit. If someone gets really sick and needs an ICU bed, they get flown or taken in an ambulance to a tertiary care facility, usually in Fresno or Modesto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Eric Sergienko, public health officer for Mariposa County']‘The more people I keep out of the hospital, the better the people that are actually hospitalized will do.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hospitals in those regions are running out of beds. The San Joaquin Valley region had less than 2% of its ICU beds available as of Dec. 14, meaning patients have to wait longer, and get care from staff members who are stretched thin. To Sergienko, it makes sense to vaccinate frail, elderly people first because they’re most likely to need critical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more people I keep out of the hospital, the better the people that are actually hospitalized will do,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inequity cuts across ethnicity, age and geography, Sergienko says. He hopes the state’s final vaccine plan will somehow account for this: Who needs the vaccine most in Mariposa County may be very different from who needs it most in San Diego or San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This summer, while many Californians went to work in their pajamas at their kitchen tables, Vicente Reyes went to work in the grape fields of the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other Americans have been able to shelter in place at home, we still keep working,” he said. “And without our work, there wouldn’t be any food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produce, meat and dairy gets shipped all over the country and the world. This is why Reyes believes agricultural workers should be next to get the COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there would be a shortage of food, then there would be more chaos,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11851296\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11851296\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/VicenteReyes.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/VicenteReyes.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/VicenteReyes-160x109.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vicente Reyes worked through the summer harvesting table grapes in the fields of California’s Central Valley. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Vicente Reyes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While doctors, nurses and other health care workers began to receive the new COVID-19 vaccine this week, the state is still actively debating which essential workers will be next in line. Officials are using a framework of risk, equity and societal impact to decide who should be prioritized — meat packers, teachers, those who manage wastewater or electrical supply — and based on discussions so far, they appear to be giving deep consideration to agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/12/02/california-farmworkers-hit-hard-by-covid-19-study-finds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirsinc.org/phocadownload/userupload/elevated_farmworker_vulnerability_covid-19_infection_research-report_absract_final_villarejo_07-25-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">show\u003c/a> farmworkers are at higher risk of contracting the coronavirus than the average population because they earn lower wages that force them to live in crowded conditions or drive to work sites in crowded trucks. There have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11850332/covid-19-again-sweeps-through-foster-farms-plants-in-central-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">multiple outbreaks\u003c/a> at Foster Farms’ poultry processing plants in the state. And when agricultural workers do get sick, Reyes says, they can’t afford to take time off work or go to the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try not to, because we would have to pay,” he says. “We just try to walk it out or try to find home remedies to get better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ETA/naws/pdfs/NAWS_Research_Report_13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">About 50%\u003c/a> of farmworkers are undocumented, and without legal status they have been systematically left out of U.S. labor protections, like overtime and sick pay. Under the Affordable Care Act, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/142601/farming-industry-chafed-by-obamacare-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">undocumented immigrants\u003c/a> were prohibited from getting health insurance through the state’s Medicaid program or from buying it through the state’s marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without health coverage, advocates say farmworkers are paying the price with their lives: Latinos are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">almost three times\u003c/a> more likely to die from COVID-19 than white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing these structural inequities that are now being exacerbated because of a pandemic,” says Diana Tellefson Torres, executive director of the United Farm Workers Foundation, adding that all the barriers they face in getting care is another reason farmworkers should be prioritized for the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely an opportunity to redress a lot of the inequities that farmworkers have experienced, not only for decades, but for centuries,” she says. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller counties with less money may find this daunting — even impractical. For Eric Sergienko, public health officer for Mariposa County, it doesn’t make sense to vaccinate farmworkers first because the first vaccines endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11850939/fda-authorizes-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-in-u-s\">Pfizer-BioNTech\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971735/fda-researchers-endorse-moderna-covid-19-vaccine\">Moderna\u003c/a> vaccines — each require two doses: the primary shot followed by a booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if it were just a single shot, I think we would be able to wrangle with logistics fairly easily,” Sergienko says. “But seeing as we have to find that person either 21 days or 28 days later, that adds a layer of complexity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers are mobile, he adds. They could be working or living in a different place one month later. He says the most effective strategy could be to wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good,” he says. “Hold us as closely to those equitable measures as possible, but recognize that it’s not going to be perfect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sergienko is concerned about equity, but he needs to use an equation that works for his region. His county has just one hospital and no intensive care unit. If someone gets really sick and needs an ICU bed, they get flown or taken in an ambulance to a tertiary care facility, usually in Fresno or Modesto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hospitals in those regions are running out of beds. The San Joaquin Valley region had less than 2% of its ICU beds available as of Dec. 14, meaning patients have to wait longer, and get care from staff members who are stretched thin. To Sergienko, it makes sense to vaccinate frail, elderly people first because they’re most likely to need critical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more people I keep out of the hospital, the better the people that are actually hospitalized will do,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inequity cuts across ethnicity, age and geography, Sergienko says. He hopes the state’s final vaccine plan will somehow account for this: Who needs the vaccine most in Mariposa County may be very different from who needs it most in San Diego or San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'Each House Becomes a Sacred Temple': Honoring the Virgin of Guadalupe in a Pandemic",
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"content": "\u003cp>Before the pandemic, throngs of people in the Bay Area would gather to commemorate the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a Roman Catholic holiday with Mexican indigenous roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feast, observed on Dec. 12, typically draws thousands of faithful each year to parishes such as St. Elizabeth’s in Oakland, in celebrations that last day and night with banda and mariachi music, and lots of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with COVID-19 cases surging, the festivities this weekend will be markedly different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Father Antonio Galindo\"]'If anyone has COVID-19, stay home. We have to take care of each other so we can care for others.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent outdoor mass at St. Elizabeth’s, Father Antonio Galindo spoke in Spanish from the pulpit about the changes. Dozens of parishioners sat on folding chairs 6 feet apart, and clutched their coats in the morning cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The priest said the parish would abide by the pandemic restrictions currently in effect in Alameda and most Bay Area counties, which prohibit indoor mass and cap outdoor religious services to a maximum of 100 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass would be livestreamed, he said, and no food vendors would crowd the street as in previous celebrations. The temple, where streams of people would drop bunches of red roses to an image of the virgin, would remain pretty much closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll set up a large altar by that tree over there,” Galindo told the masked congregation. “It won’t be as big as the one we’d have inside the temple, but people can still come and offer flowers and candles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850973\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Father Antonio Galindo officiates outdoor mass at St. Elizabeth's on Dec. 3, 2020, as a cellphone records the event for livestreaming. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of St. Elizabeth’s parishioners are Latino immigrants and essential workers. The area surrounding the church in the Fruitvale neighborhood is part of a cluster of ZIP codes that have struggled with the highest COVID-19 infection rates in the county for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galindo is keenly aware of the havoc the pandemic has wrought in the community. St. Elizabeth’s fundraises and distributes aid to people who’ve lost jobs so they can pay their rent. And Galindo, who said he regularly visits coronavirus patients, has presided over funerals as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for the Day of Our Lady of Guadalupe, he offered a stern warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone has COVID-19, stay home,” he said. “We have to take care of each other so we can care for others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Guillermina Jimenez\"]'Us Mexicans have all one mother, and her name is Our Lady of Guadalupe.'[/pullquote]After mass, Patricia Silva, 47, hurried home to her three children. She said she’d miss the sense of unity during the feast, but she understood the need to avoid crowds to protect public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels sad and it hurts a little because one’s used to that experience of coming together before the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe,” said Silva, who has attended mass at St. Elizabeth’s for 14 years. “It’s like they are taking away our tradition of devotion to the virgin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But given the circumstances, she said she would join the celebrations online from home. She has elderly relatives she wants to protect from the virus, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s for my safety and that of my family,” said Silva, who for previous celebrations also joined a large pilgrimage on foot from East Oakland to the city’s cathedral. This year, the Diocese of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://oakdiocese.org/peregrinacion\">told\u003c/a> people to drive by in cars instead, which Bishop Michael Barber blessed from afar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11850856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fr. Antonio Galindo stands inside St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland on Dec. 10, 2020. He said the parish would abide by the pandemic restrictions currently in effect in Alameda County, which prohibit indoor mass and cap outdoor religious services to a maximum of 100 people. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other parishioners at St. Elizabeth’s said they trusted the church’s preparations to honor Our Lady of Guadalupe – as well as social distancing and mask wearing – to keep them safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always come in person,” said Guillermina Jimenez, 80, who has attended St. Elizabeth’s since 1976, when she first immigrated from Mexico to the U.S. with her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez said she would join the church festivities in person because of the day’s deep significance, which she has taught to her 15 children and 36 grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Us Mexicans have all one mother, and her name is Our Lady of Guadalupe,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aspe Torres helps a woman leaving flowers at an altar for Our Lady of Guadalupe outside of St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on Dec. 12, 2020, during an Our Lady of Guadalupe day celebration.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The story of Guadalupe starts in 1531, near what is now Mexico City. At the time, the Mexica, or Aztecs, were facing devastation and despair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spanish conquistadores had killed millions of indigenous people after their arrival in the Americas, by both the sword and the new diseases they brought, including smallpox. The invaders destroyed many of the Aztecs' sacred temples in their bid to Christianize indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in that context that an indigenous man known as Juan Diego saw a beautiful woman standing on Mount Tepeyac, a sacred hill for the prominent Aztec goddess Tonantzin, said Ana María Pineda, a religious studies professor at Santa Clara University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850972\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Abarca family lights candles in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe outside of St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on Dec. 12, 2020, during an Our Lady of Guadalupe day celebration.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the encounter, which happened in the early hours of a December morning, everything about the way the lady looked meant something to Juan Diego, said Pineda. She was clothed in a turquoise mantle with stars – a sign of royalty and divinity. Her skin was brown, and she spoke to Juan Diego courteously and softly in the language of the Aztecs: Nahuatl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conquistadores saw the indigenous people as counting for nothing,” said Pineda, a nun with the Sisters of Mercy. “And she's telling him, ‘You count for something. And all the peoples of this land are my beloved. I'm in solidarity with all of you. I care for you. Fear not.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850821\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11850821\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Families are seated at least 6 feet apart in a tent for holding outdoor mass at St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland on Dec. 10, 2020. An altar for Our Lady of Guadalupe in the background was set up as a way for parishioners to be able to offer candles and flowers without entering the church. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her presence blended Tonantzin, whose name means “venerable mother,” with Catholic Mary, offering the promise of two worlds merging together into something new, said Pineda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a voice for compassion, but also justice,” she said. “And to dignify the peoples who had been so downtrodden, and to give them an opportunity to see in her a reflection of their understanding of the sacred.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message has resonated throughout Latin America and beyond, but especially in Mexico. On Dec 12, at the crack of dawn, people greet the virgin of Guadalupe at churches and altars, and sing her a birthday song, “Las Mañanitas,” because “not only is she born anew to us but we are born anew,” said Pineda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850970\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Our Lady of Guadalupe celebration at St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on Dec. 12, 2020.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the pandemic and the near end of the Trump administration’s anti-immigrant policies, the day's message of resilience and hope resonates deeply in California, said Father Jon Pedigo, who directs advocacy for Catholic Charities of Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump tried to make us disappear and go away, and he was not successful,” said Pedigo, who has worked for decades with Latino immigrants. “COVID-19 is taking our people in higher numbers than for any other race. So we have to recognize that we are not going to give in to COVID-19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Coronavirus Coverage' tag='coronavirus']Low-income Latinos and other minority communities have been hard hit by the pandemic, in part because they tend to live in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821421/13-people-1-bathroom-how-a-bay-area-mom-is-surviving-covid-19\">overcrowded housing\u003c/a>, and must go to work outside the home. Many lack health care insurance. An estimated 1.5 million undocumented immigrants, who because of their status are excluded from the Affordable Care Act, remain \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11814885/as-pandemic-batters-californias-economy-plan-to-insure-undocumented-seniors-in-doubt\">uninsured\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos comprise nearly 60% of positive coronavirus cases in California and about half of the deaths linked to the disease, according to figures from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of gathering in large crowds at churches this year, Pedigo suggests people build shrines to Guadalupe in their front yards, akin to the ones many set up inside their homes, where they can sing and pray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each house becomes that sacred Temple of Guadalupe,” said Pedigo. “You can experience unity by everyone kind of doing the same thing at their own house. You can experience connectedness not because we're holding hands, but because we are singing the same songs, we are eating the same foods, we are celebrating in similar ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850803\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermina Jimenez, 80, stands by a mural at St. Elizabeth's School, near where outdoor mass is being held to comply with pandemic restrictions. Jimenez said she plans to join Our Lady of Guadalupe celebrations in person. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At St. Elizabeth’s in Oakland, Leticia Campos said she’ll watch the festivities online, to be safe. She has already built an altar in honor of Guadalupe at home, with flowers and candles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The celebration has to be safe,” said Campos, 65. “And anyways, our faith, hope and affection for the virgin is in our heart. We can manifest that anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass would be livestreamed, he said, and no food vendors would crowd the street as in previous celebrations. The temple, where streams of people would drop bunches of red roses to an image of the virgin, would remain pretty much closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll set up a large altar by that tree over there,” Galindo told the masked congregation. “It won’t be as big as the one we’d have inside the temple, but people can still come and offer flowers and candles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850973\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850973\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46392_001_KQED_OurLadyofGuadalupe_LiveStreamStElizabethOakland-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Father Antonio Galindo officiates outdoor mass at St. Elizabeth's on Dec. 3, 2020, as a cellphone records the event for livestreaming. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of St. Elizabeth’s parishioners are Latino immigrants and essential workers. The area surrounding the church in the Fruitvale neighborhood is part of a cluster of ZIP codes that have struggled with the highest COVID-19 infection rates in the county for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galindo is keenly aware of the havoc the pandemic has wrought in the community. St. Elizabeth’s fundraises and distributes aid to people who’ve lost jobs so they can pay their rent. And Galindo, who said he regularly visits coronavirus patients, has presided over funerals as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for the Day of Our Lady of Guadalupe, he offered a stern warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone has COVID-19, stay home,” he said. “We have to take care of each other so we can care for others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After mass, Patricia Silva, 47, hurried home to her three children. She said she’d miss the sense of unity during the feast, but she understood the need to avoid crowds to protect public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels sad and it hurts a little because one’s used to that experience of coming together before the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe,” said Silva, who has attended mass at St. Elizabeth’s for 14 years. “It’s like they are taking away our tradition of devotion to the virgin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But given the circumstances, she said she would join the celebrations online from home. She has elderly relatives she wants to protect from the virus, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s for my safety and that of my family,” said Silva, who for previous celebrations also joined a large pilgrimage on foot from East Oakland to the city’s cathedral. This year, the Diocese of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://oakdiocese.org/peregrinacion\">told\u003c/a> people to drive by in cars instead, which Bishop Michael Barber blessed from afar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11850856\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Father-Antonio-Inside-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fr. Antonio Galindo stands inside St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland on Dec. 10, 2020. He said the parish would abide by the pandemic restrictions currently in effect in Alameda County, which prohibit indoor mass and cap outdoor religious services to a maximum of 100 people. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other parishioners at St. Elizabeth’s said they trusted the church’s preparations to honor Our Lady of Guadalupe – as well as social distancing and mask wearing – to keep them safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always come in person,” said Guillermina Jimenez, 80, who has attended St. Elizabeth’s since 1976, when she first immigrated from Mexico to the U.S. with her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez said she would join the church festivities in person because of the day’s deep significance, which she has taught to her 15 children and 36 grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Us Mexicans have all one mother, and her name is Our Lady of Guadalupe,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46378_009_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aspe Torres helps a woman leaving flowers at an altar for Our Lady of Guadalupe outside of St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on Dec. 12, 2020, during an Our Lady of Guadalupe day celebration.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The story of Guadalupe starts in 1531, near what is now Mexico City. At the time, the Mexica, or Aztecs, were facing devastation and despair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spanish conquistadores had killed millions of indigenous people after their arrival in the Americas, by both the sword and the new diseases they brought, including smallpox. The invaders destroyed many of the Aztecs' sacred temples in their bid to Christianize indigenous people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in that context that an indigenous man known as Juan Diego saw a beautiful woman standing on Mount Tepeyac, a sacred hill for the prominent Aztec goddess Tonantzin, said Ana María Pineda, a religious studies professor at Santa Clara University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850972\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46382_015_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Abarca family lights candles in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe outside of St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on Dec. 12, 2020, during an Our Lady of Guadalupe day celebration.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the encounter, which happened in the early hours of a December morning, everything about the way the lady looked meant something to Juan Diego, said Pineda. She was clothed in a turquoise mantle with stars – a sign of royalty and divinity. Her skin was brown, and she spoke to Juan Diego courteously and softly in the language of the Aztecs: Nahuatl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conquistadores saw the indigenous people as counting for nothing,” said Pineda, a nun with the Sisters of Mercy. “And she's telling him, ‘You count for something. And all the peoples of this land are my beloved. I'm in solidarity with all of you. I care for you. Fear not.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850821\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11850821\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46366_022_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupe_12102020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Families are seated at least 6 feet apart in a tent for holding outdoor mass at St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland on Dec. 10, 2020. An altar for Our Lady of Guadalupe in the background was set up as a way for parishioners to be able to offer candles and flowers without entering the church. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her presence blended Tonantzin, whose name means “venerable mother,” with Catholic Mary, offering the promise of two worlds merging together into something new, said Pineda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a voice for compassion, but also justice,” she said. “And to dignify the peoples who had been so downtrodden, and to give them an opportunity to see in her a reflection of their understanding of the sacred.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message has resonated throughout Latin America and beyond, but especially in Mexico. On Dec 12, at the crack of dawn, people greet the virgin of Guadalupe at churches and altars, and sing her a birthday song, “Las Mañanitas,” because “not only is she born anew to us but we are born anew,” said Pineda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850970\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46391_033_KQED_Oakland_OurLadyofGuadalupeDay_12122020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Our Lady of Guadalupe celebration at St. Elizabeth Church in Oakland's Fruitvale neighborhood on Dec. 12, 2020.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the pandemic and the near end of the Trump administration’s anti-immigrant policies, the day's message of resilience and hope resonates deeply in California, said Father Jon Pedigo, who directs advocacy for Catholic Charities of Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump tried to make us disappear and go away, and he was not successful,” said Pedigo, who has worked for decades with Latino immigrants. “COVID-19 is taking our people in higher numbers than for any other race. So we have to recognize that we are not going to give in to COVID-19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Low-income Latinos and other minority communities have been hard hit by the pandemic, in part because they tend to live in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821421/13-people-1-bathroom-how-a-bay-area-mom-is-surviving-covid-19\">overcrowded housing\u003c/a>, and must go to work outside the home. Many lack health care insurance. An estimated 1.5 million undocumented immigrants, who because of their status are excluded from the Affordable Care Act, remain \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11814885/as-pandemic-batters-californias-economy-plan-to-insure-undocumented-seniors-in-doubt\">uninsured\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos comprise nearly 60% of positive coronavirus cases in California and about half of the deaths linked to the disease, according to figures from the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of gathering in large crowds at churches this year, Pedigo suggests people build shrines to Guadalupe in their front yards, akin to the ones many set up inside their homes, where they can sing and pray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each house becomes that sacred Temple of Guadalupe,” said Pedigo. “You can experience unity by everyone kind of doing the same thing at their own house. You can experience connectedness not because we're holding hands, but because we are singing the same songs, we are eating the same foods, we are celebrating in similar ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850803\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11850803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS46374_IMG_3005-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermina Jimenez, 80, stands by a mural at St. Elizabeth's School, near where outdoor mass is being held to comply with pandemic restrictions. Jimenez said she plans to join Our Lady of Guadalupe celebrations in person. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At St. Elizabeth’s in Oakland, Leticia Campos said she’ll watch the festivities online, to be safe. She has already built an altar in honor of Guadalupe at home, with flowers and candles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The celebration has to be safe,” said Campos, 65. “And anyways, our faith, hope and affection for the virgin is in our heart. We can manifest that anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "They Were Released From Prison Into ICE Detention in a Pandemic. Now They're Seeking Damages",
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"content": "\u003cp>Four men who were set to be released from California prisons earlier this year but were instead handed over to federal immigration authorities for potential deportation are seeking thousands of dollars in damages from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims, filed Tuesday by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California and Asian Law Caucus, seek over $25,000 for each of the former inmates, who allege they have suffered harms and higher health risks from COVID-19 while locked up at immigration detention centers that faced outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claimants include an American citizen who was erroneously held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement after being released from state prison, according to the filings, and a father of two originally from the Philippines who became seriously ill after contracting COVID-19 at an ICE facility in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their cases may be the first to challenge the state’s so-called ICE transfers as illegal and even negligent during the pandemic, said ACLU attorney Vasudha Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Victorio, claimant currently being held by ICE\"]‘When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time … I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids. But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation are jeopardizing the safety of people who have served sentences by turning them over to ICE, instead of releasing them to the community, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR officials know the conditions at ICE facilities are so terrible that they are very likely to contract COVID-19 and have serious complications,” said Talla, who directs the ACLU’s Immigrant Rights Program. “And their continuing to transfer people despite having that knowledge is unconstitutional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims target CDCR Secretary Kathleen Allison and Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has so far resisted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827617/state-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-stop-transferring-people-in-prison-to-ice-in-pandemic\">calls from dozens of state lawmakers and immigrant advocates to stop ICE transfers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDCR, which is exempt from California’s sanctuary law, routinely cooperates with federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, state prison officials have handed over more than 1,200 inmates to ICE, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848154/california-turned-over-an-incarcerated-firefighter-to-ice-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-end-the-practice\">estimates\u003c/a> by the San Francisco-based Asian Law Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent state Senate hearing, a CDCR official said the agency must honor ICE requests. But advocates and state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, who opposes the practice, said the agency has no legal obligation to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDCR spokeswoman said the agency couldn’t comment on the pending claims, which can be precursors to a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR cannot comment on the specifics of pending legal claims,” said agency spokeswoman Dana Simas, in a statement. “To protect public safety, CDCR cooperates with all local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies that have an active hold or detainer for a current California state prison inmate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Gov. Newsom’s office nor ICE immediately responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11848154 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Keola-family-visit-1020x696.jpg']Since the start of the pandemic, nearly 25,000 people incarcerated in California prisons have contracted COVID-19, according to CDCR \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/population-status-tracking/\">figures\u003c/a>, and nearly 8,000 ICE detainees \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">nationwide\u003c/a> have tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Mesa-Verde-detention-center-must-keep-testing-15774855.php\">condemned\u003c/a> officials with ICE and the GEO Group, a private prison company, for their treatment of detainees at a facility in Bakersfield during the pandemic. U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria said ICE and GEO made “no meaningful effort to prevent and were totally unprepared to respond to” a severe coronavirus outbreak that sickened dozens of immigrants held at the Mesa Verde facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria also said ICE and GEO Group officials had repeatedly lied to his court, deliberately avoided testing detainees, and that their conduct since the pandemic began had been “appalling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the detainee claimants who got sick during the summer COVID-19 outbreak at Mesa Verde was John Victorio, a 41-year old Filipino immigrant who was transferred from the Shafter State Prison to the detention center in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, who suffers from asthma and other medical issues, was diagnosed with pneumonia after testing positive for the coronavirus in August. He claims Mesa Verde staff took 10 days to give him an inhaler after he was confirmed positive. Months after, he still struggled to breathe at night, according to the filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, the father of two U.S. citizen children, is still being held at Mesa Verde where he is fighting his deportation case. He said that detention has felt like additional punishment after completing his sentence for drug-related convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time in CDCR, I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids,” said Victorio, who has lived in the U.S. since age 14, in a statement. “But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11850548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son-160x137.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Bukle with his son in an undated photo. Bukle, a U.S. citizen born in the British Virgin Islands, is one of four claimants seeking damages from California after he was mistakenly transferred to ICE custody upon completion of his state prison sentence. He was held for over a month at an ICE detention center as COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Brian Bukle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another claimant is Brian Bukle, a 61-year-old U.S. citizen who was originally born in the British Virgin Islands. He was set to be released from state prison in June after completing a five-year conviction for assault, said ACLU attorney Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Brian Bukle, claimant mistakenly detained by ICE\"]‘I want justice for the pain I went through, and because I want state officials to stop doing this to other people. I want them to stop this nightmare of uncertainty and fear.’[/pullquote]But due to errors in the electronic databases that ICE uses to identify immigrants for arrest, the agency held him at Mesa Verde for over a month while COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility, according to his claim. ICE finally released him in July, after acknowledging his American citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was important for me to file this claim because I want justice for the pain I went through, and because I want state officials to stop doing this to other people,” said Bukle in a statement. “I want them to stop this nightmare of uncertainty and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two other claimants are immigrants who served their sentences in state prison and are now fighting deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Zhao, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, said the claims also challenge the practice by state prison officials of handing over formerly incarcerated people to private contractors ICE hires to make arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao said the practice is illegal because federal law does not grant authority to private contractors, including a company called G4S Secure Solutions, to make immigration arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims filed with the state’s Office of Risk and Insurance Management are a prerequisite for the former inmates to be able to sue for money damages in court later on, said the ACLU’s Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping the state does the right thing, resolves these claims, stops the transfers from happening in the future and then hopefully no lawsuit is needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four men who were set to be released from California prisons earlier this year but were instead handed over to federal immigration authorities for potential deportation are seeking thousands of dollars in damages from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims, filed Tuesday by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California and Asian Law Caucus, seek over $25,000 for each of the former inmates, who allege they have suffered harms and higher health risks from COVID-19 while locked up at immigration detention centers that faced outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claimants include an American citizen who was erroneously held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement after being released from state prison, according to the filings, and a father of two originally from the Philippines who became seriously ill after contracting COVID-19 at an ICE facility in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their cases may be the first to challenge the state’s so-called ICE transfers as illegal and even negligent during the pandemic, said ACLU attorney Vasudha Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time … I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids. But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation are jeopardizing the safety of people who have served sentences by turning them over to ICE, instead of releasing them to the community, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR officials know the conditions at ICE facilities are so terrible that they are very likely to contract COVID-19 and have serious complications,” said Talla, who directs the ACLU’s Immigrant Rights Program. “And their continuing to transfer people despite having that knowledge is unconstitutional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims target CDCR Secretary Kathleen Allison and Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has so far resisted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827617/state-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-stop-transferring-people-in-prison-to-ice-in-pandemic\">calls from dozens of state lawmakers and immigrant advocates to stop ICE transfers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDCR, which is exempt from California’s sanctuary law, routinely cooperates with federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, state prison officials have handed over more than 1,200 inmates to ICE, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848154/california-turned-over-an-incarcerated-firefighter-to-ice-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-end-the-practice\">estimates\u003c/a> by the San Francisco-based Asian Law Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent state Senate hearing, a CDCR official said the agency must honor ICE requests. But advocates and state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, who opposes the practice, said the agency has no legal obligation to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDCR spokeswoman said the agency couldn’t comment on the pending claims, which can be precursors to a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR cannot comment on the specifics of pending legal claims,” said agency spokeswoman Dana Simas, in a statement. “To protect public safety, CDCR cooperates with all local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies that have an active hold or detainer for a current California state prison inmate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Gov. Newsom’s office nor ICE immediately responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since the start of the pandemic, nearly 25,000 people incarcerated in California prisons have contracted COVID-19, according to CDCR \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/population-status-tracking/\">figures\u003c/a>, and nearly 8,000 ICE detainees \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">nationwide\u003c/a> have tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Mesa-Verde-detention-center-must-keep-testing-15774855.php\">condemned\u003c/a> officials with ICE and the GEO Group, a private prison company, for their treatment of detainees at a facility in Bakersfield during the pandemic. U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria said ICE and GEO made “no meaningful effort to prevent and were totally unprepared to respond to” a severe coronavirus outbreak that sickened dozens of immigrants held at the Mesa Verde facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria also said ICE and GEO Group officials had repeatedly lied to his court, deliberately avoided testing detainees, and that their conduct since the pandemic began had been “appalling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the detainee claimants who got sick during the summer COVID-19 outbreak at Mesa Verde was John Victorio, a 41-year old Filipino immigrant who was transferred from the Shafter State Prison to the detention center in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, who suffers from asthma and other medical issues, was diagnosed with pneumonia after testing positive for the coronavirus in August. He claims Mesa Verde staff took 10 days to give him an inhaler after he was confirmed positive. Months after, he still struggled to breathe at night, according to the filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, the father of two U.S. citizen children, is still being held at Mesa Verde where he is fighting his deportation case. He said that detention has felt like additional punishment after completing his sentence for drug-related convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time in CDCR, I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids,” said Victorio, who has lived in the U.S. since age 14, in a statement. “But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11850548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son-160x137.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Bukle with his son in an undated photo. Bukle, a U.S. citizen born in the British Virgin Islands, is one of four claimants seeking damages from California after he was mistakenly transferred to ICE custody upon completion of his state prison sentence. He was held for over a month at an ICE detention center as COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Brian Bukle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another claimant is Brian Bukle, a 61-year-old U.S. citizen who was originally born in the British Virgin Islands. He was set to be released from state prison in June after completing a five-year conviction for assault, said ACLU attorney Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But due to errors in the electronic databases that ICE uses to identify immigrants for arrest, the agency held him at Mesa Verde for over a month while COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility, according to his claim. ICE finally released him in July, after acknowledging his American citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was important for me to file this claim because I want justice for the pain I went through, and because I want state officials to stop doing this to other people,” said Bukle in a statement. “I want them to stop this nightmare of uncertainty and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two other claimants are immigrants who served their sentences in state prison and are now fighting deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Zhao, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, said the claims also challenge the practice by state prison officials of handing over formerly incarcerated people to private contractors ICE hires to make arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao said the practice is illegal because federal law does not grant authority to private contractors, including a company called G4S Secure Solutions, to make immigration arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims filed with the state’s Office of Risk and Insurance Management are a prerequisite for the former inmates to be able to sue for money damages in court later on, said the ACLU’s Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping the state does the right thing, resolves these claims, stops the transfers from happening in the future and then hopefully no lawsuit is needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge Orders Trump Administration to Restore DACA as It Existed Under Obama",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge has reversed the Trump administration's latest round of rules placing further limits on the Obama-era program that shields undocumented immigrants who came to the country as children from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the order filed Friday, Judge Nicholas Garaufis of the U.S. District Court in Brooklyn instructed the Department of Homeland Security to begin accepting new applications for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program as soon as Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"daca, immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Garaufis said the terms of the federal program must be immediately restored to what they were \"prior to the attempted rescission of September 2017\" when the White House began a series of maneuvers to dismantle the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge also instructed officials to reinstate two-year permits for qualifying applicants. Over the summer, the administration had begun issuing one-year permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA currently protects about 640,000 undocumented young immigrants. As of July, an \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2020/07/13/487514/trump-administration-must-immediately-resume-processing-new-daca-applications/\">estimated 300,000 young people \u003c/a>living in the U.S. are eligible for the program and still waiting for a chance to apply. That includes 55,000 who have aged into eligibility over the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ruling is a huge victory for people who have been waiting to apply for DACA for the first time,\" Veronica Garcia, staff attorney at the Immigrant Legal Resource Center, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf's \"decision to suspend the program was just another attempt by the Trump administration to wield its extremely racist and anti-immigrant views and policies.\" [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garaufis' decision is the latest court ruling against the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Supreme Court blocked the Trump administration's 2017 attempt to end DACA, saying the administration's reasoning was \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/829858289/supreme-court-upholds-daca-in-blow-to-trump-administration\">arbitrary and capricious\u003c/a>.\" In July, a federal court in Maryland also ordered the administration to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/17/892413311/federal-court-orders-trump-administration-to-accept-new-daca-applications\">start accepting new applicants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 11 days later, Wolf issued a memorandum cutting renewal permits from two years to one and blocking all new applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Veronica Garcia, staff attorney at the Immigrant Legal Resource Center']'The ruling is a huge victory for people who have been waiting to apply for DACA for the first time'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/935053651/judge-rules-acting-dhs-secretary-did-not-have-authority-to-suspend-daca-program\">November ruling\u003c/a> by Garaufis saying that Wolf was not lawfully serving as DHS acting secretary when he issued the changes \"because the Department of Homeland Security failed to follow its order of succession, as it was lawfully designated under the Homeland Security Act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Garaufis vacated the changes initiated by Wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf has been serving as acting secretary since November 2019; he has not been confirmed by the Senate. Kirstjen Nielsen, who resigned in April 2019, was the last DHS secretary to be confirmed by the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents said that DHS has until Monday to post a public notice \"displayed prominently on its website and on the websites of all other relevant agencies, that it is accepting first-time requests for consideration of deferred action under DACA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Judge+Orders+Trump+Administration+To+Restore+DACA+As+It+Existed+Under+Obama&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge has reversed the Trump administration's latest round of rules placing further limits on the Obama-era program that shields undocumented immigrants who came to the country as children from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the order filed Friday, Judge Nicholas Garaufis of the U.S. District Court in Brooklyn instructed the Department of Homeland Security to begin accepting new applications for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program as soon as Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Garaufis said the terms of the federal program must be immediately restored to what they were \"prior to the attempted rescission of September 2017\" when the White House began a series of maneuvers to dismantle the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge also instructed officials to reinstate two-year permits for qualifying applicants. Over the summer, the administration had begun issuing one-year permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA currently protects about 640,000 undocumented young immigrants. As of July, an \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2020/07/13/487514/trump-administration-must-immediately-resume-processing-new-daca-applications/\">estimated 300,000 young people \u003c/a>living in the U.S. are eligible for the program and still waiting for a chance to apply. That includes 55,000 who have aged into eligibility over the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ruling is a huge victory for people who have been waiting to apply for DACA for the first time,\" Veronica Garcia, staff attorney at the Immigrant Legal Resource Center, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf's \"decision to suspend the program was just another attempt by the Trump administration to wield its extremely racist and anti-immigrant views and policies.\" \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garaufis' decision is the latest court ruling against the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the Supreme Court blocked the Trump administration's 2017 attempt to end DACA, saying the administration's reasoning was \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/18/829858289/supreme-court-upholds-daca-in-blow-to-trump-administration\">arbitrary and capricious\u003c/a>.\" In July, a federal court in Maryland also ordered the administration to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/17/892413311/federal-court-orders-trump-administration-to-accept-new-daca-applications\">start accepting new applicants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 11 days later, Wolf issued a memorandum cutting renewal permits from two years to one and blocking all new applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/14/935053651/judge-rules-acting-dhs-secretary-did-not-have-authority-to-suspend-daca-program\">November ruling\u003c/a> by Garaufis saying that Wolf was not lawfully serving as DHS acting secretary when he issued the changes \"because the Department of Homeland Security failed to follow its order of succession, as it was lawfully designated under the Homeland Security Act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Garaufis vacated the changes initiated by Wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolf has been serving as acting secretary since November 2019; he has not been confirmed by the Senate. Kirstjen Nielsen, who resigned in April 2019, was the last DHS secretary to be confirmed by the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents said that DHS has until Monday to post a public notice \"displayed prominently on its website and on the websites of all other relevant agencies, that it is accepting first-time requests for consideration of deferred action under DACA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Judge+Orders+Trump+Administration+To+Restore+DACA+As+It+Existed+Under+Obama&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge is asking the Trump administration to explain why it took so long to provide additional contact information for the immigrant families it separated at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ACLU/status/1334336479275913218?s=20\">American Civil Liberties Union announced\u003c/a> that the administration had finally provided a tranche of phone numbers and addresses needed to help reunite hundreds of families, information advocates had been requesting for nearly a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ACLU/status/1334336479275913218\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is disturbing in that it does seem to be readily available information,” said U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in a hearing held remotely on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new contact information comes from a database held by the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court, ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt, who’s representing the separated families in the ongoing lawsuit against the Trump administration, noted that the information was only released after the issue of family separations \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-trump-defends-separating-children-from-their-families-at-the-border\">came up in the final presidential debate \u003c/a>in late October.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Lee Gelernt, ACLU attorney\"]‘I suspect that there is still some more information out there. We hope we get that soon. We hope we don’t have to wait for a Biden administration to get every last piece of data that might help us.’[/pullquote]“Only [after the debate] did we hear from the government that maybe they might have additional information,” he said. “And now we’re first getting this information that actually adds phone numbers and addresses for many of the people for whom we didn’t have anything for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt said lawyers are still going through the data, and hope it will help them locate the remaining 628 parents that they’re still searching for, who remain separated from their children. More than 300 of those parents “are believed to have been removed from the United States following separation from their children,” according to a status report filed in court on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration began its formal policy of family separations in the spring of 2018. After months of public outcry, Sabraw issued an injunction ordering an end to separations that June, and required the government to swiftly reunify children with their parents. Authorities eventually identified 2,814 separated children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in early 2019, the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services issued a watchdog report charging that the border separations began much earlier than had been previously thought — as early as July 2017. It identified more than 1,500 additional families that had been separated. This group makes up the majority of families that advocates and lawyers are still searching for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw asked for a written declaration from Trump administration officials by Jan. 13, that explains “what happened and why, and how is it that the EOIR databases were identified at this late date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The late disclosure of contact information has also raised questions about whether the federal government may be holding onto \u003cem>more\u003c/em> contact information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I keep thinking, ‘Well, OK, this time they’ve given us all the information,’ and then it turns out that there are more families that have been separated, or more contact information,” Gelernt said. “I suspect that there is still some more information out there. We hope we get that soon. We hope we don’t have to wait for a Biden administration to get every last piece of data that might help us. But we’ll have to wait and see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]U.S. Justice Department attorney Sarah Fabian, representing the Trump administration in Friday’s hearing, said federal officials were not intentionally withholding the information and had “made a strong and comprehensive” effort last year to compile it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"child-separation\"]But she conceded that the recently released information held by EOIR had not been included in that initial effort — despite ongoing requests from plaintiffs’ attorneys — and that more information may be forthcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want us to move forward now. I think we have identified … not just the EOIR database, but other databases,” Fabian said, noting that she had a “couple additional spreadsheets” of potential information that she’s looking at, and is “hoping to send over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fabian also said part of the difficulty in gathering the information stemmed from her team’s lack of clear understanding of the “processes” around the ongoing searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This contact information is vital in the ongoing efforts to locate separated families, especially as on-the-ground searches become more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, those searches screeched to a halt because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">the coronavirus pandemic\u003c/a>. While limited searches were able to resume in August, recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/no-choice-except-flee-after-back-back-hurricanes-central-americans-n1249993\">back-to-back hurricanes in the region\u003c/a> have again hampered efforts, and potentially forced separated parents to relocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We weren’t even fully back up to 100% speed as of August. And now with the hurricanes, it’s yet another challenge in this 2020 year that has just taken such a toll on the world, and prolonged the agony of these families,” said Cathleen Caron, executive director of Justice in Motion, a migrant rights organization that has helped in the search for separated parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caron said some of the lawyers and advocates working with her group in the region have lost their homes in the storms as well and are trying to get back on their feet to continue the searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it weren’t for all of these complications, we’d be done by now,” she said. “But … 2020 just keeps being such a difficult year to find these parents and finish the searches and move on with the justice and healing part of the work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Only [after the debate] did we hear from the government that maybe they might have additional information,” he said. “And now we’re first getting this information that actually adds phone numbers and addresses for many of the people for whom we didn’t have anything for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt said lawyers are still going through the data, and hope it will help them locate the remaining 628 parents that they’re still searching for, who remain separated from their children. More than 300 of those parents “are believed to have been removed from the United States following separation from their children,” according to a status report filed in court on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration began its formal policy of family separations in the spring of 2018. After months of public outcry, Sabraw issued an injunction ordering an end to separations that June, and required the government to swiftly reunify children with their parents. Authorities eventually identified 2,814 separated children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in early 2019, the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services issued a watchdog report charging that the border separations began much earlier than had been previously thought — as early as July 2017. It identified more than 1,500 additional families that had been separated. This group makes up the majority of families that advocates and lawyers are still searching for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw asked for a written declaration from Trump administration officials by Jan. 13, that explains “what happened and why, and how is it that the EOIR databases were identified at this late date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The late disclosure of contact information has also raised questions about whether the federal government may be holding onto \u003cem>more\u003c/em> contact information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I keep thinking, ‘Well, OK, this time they’ve given us all the information,’ and then it turns out that there are more families that have been separated, or more contact information,” Gelernt said. “I suspect that there is still some more information out there. We hope we get that soon. We hope we don’t have to wait for a Biden administration to get every last piece of data that might help us. But we’ll have to wait and see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But she conceded that the recently released information held by EOIR had not been included in that initial effort — despite ongoing requests from plaintiffs’ attorneys — and that more information may be forthcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want us to move forward now. I think we have identified … not just the EOIR database, but other databases,” Fabian said, noting that she had a “couple additional spreadsheets” of potential information that she’s looking at, and is “hoping to send over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fabian also said part of the difficulty in gathering the information stemmed from her team’s lack of clear understanding of the “processes” around the ongoing searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This contact information is vital in the ongoing efforts to locate separated families, especially as on-the-ground searches become more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, those searches screeched to a halt because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">the coronavirus pandemic\u003c/a>. While limited searches were able to resume in August, recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/no-choice-except-flee-after-back-back-hurricanes-central-americans-n1249993\">back-to-back hurricanes in the region\u003c/a> have again hampered efforts, and potentially forced separated parents to relocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We weren’t even fully back up to 100% speed as of August. And now with the hurricanes, it’s yet another challenge in this 2020 year that has just taken such a toll on the world, and prolonged the agony of these families,” said Cathleen Caron, executive director of Justice in Motion, a migrant rights organization that has helped in the search for separated parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caron said some of the lawyers and advocates working with her group in the region have lost their homes in the storms as well and are trying to get back on their feet to continue the searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it weren’t for all of these complications, we’d be done by now,” she said. “But … 2020 just keeps being such a difficult year to find these parents and finish the searches and move on with the justice and healing part of the work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Pain of Family Separations Is Still Being Felt. What Could Biden Do?",
"title": "The Pain of Family Separations Is Still Being Felt. What Could Biden Do?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849471/aun-se-siente-el-dolor-de-la-separacion-de-familias-migrantes-que-puede-hacer-biden\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps no immigration policy of President Trump has provoked more emotion than the practice of separating migrant families at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of many of Trump's immigration initiatives that President-elect Joe Biden has pledged to reverse in his first 100 days in office. At the final presidential debate in October, Biden voiced outrage over the policy, in which border agents were instructed to take children away from their mothers and fathers to facilitate criminal prosecutions of the parents and send a message intended to deter future migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their kids were ripped from their arms and separated. And now they cannot find over 500 sets of those parents,” Biden said during the debate. “And those kids are alone. Nowhere to go. ... It's criminal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/XaHidsQaqXE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden was referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">parents of 545 children\u003c/a> who were separated in 2017, and who lawyers and advocates say they’re still unable to locate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the total number of families who have not been reunited — in some cases more than three years later — is believed to be far greater than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office in 2017, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500 children\u003c/a> have been separated due to administration policies. And while more than 3,000 parents have been located, that leaves a great many kids still in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has said that on his first day in office, he’ll create a federal task force to reunite families separated under the Trump administration. But fully addressing family separations won’t be a straightforward process — and questions remain about how far the new administration will go to address the long-term effects of these separations on the children and parents involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Thousands of Separated Children\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, lawyers with the American Civil Liberties Union and the federal government appeared before U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego as part of a months-long battle to end family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.83.0_4.pdf\">injunction\u003c/a>, ordering an end to separations and requiring the federal government to swiftly reunify children with their parents (setting a deadline of 14 days for children under the age of 5 and 30 days for older children).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government eventually identified 2,814 separated children. These families are known as the \"original class\" in the class-action lawsuit \u003ca href=\"https://casetext.com/case/ms-l-v-us-immigration-customs-enforcement\">Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>. In some cases it took many months, but almost all of those families were reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11797878\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/GettyImages-973077552-1020x699.jpg\" label=\"More on Family Separations\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, however, the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services, the agency responsible for the care of unaccompanied migrant children, \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">issued a watchdog report\u003c/a> charging that border separations began much earlier than previously known — as early as July 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sabraw’s orders, government officials spent months investigating and finally reported there were as many as 1,556 additional separated children. As a result, Sabraw included this “expanded class” of parents in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These families make up the majority of those still separated today. Most of the parents are difficult to find because the separations occurred so long ago and many have since been deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Parents Who Can’t Be Found\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Of those the children in the expanded class, plaintiffs' advocates have reached the parents of 570, according to a December report to the court. They're still working on finding the parents of 628 children, nearly 300 of whom they believe to have been removed from the U.S. after their kids were taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt, who is lead counsel representing separated parents in the case, said the search for parents has been delayed because the government often provided outdated contact information or none at all.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt']'We couldn't even begin the searches by phone, trying to contact these families.'[/pullquote]“We couldn't even begin the searches by phone, trying to contact these families,” Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without contact information, a committee of lawyers and advocates in charge of the search have few options. They try to find parents online or through records in their country of origin, and when all else fails, they enlist a network of human rights lawyers and nonprofit organizations in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico, who conduct door-to-door searches. This effort has been further \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">complicated and hampered by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the challenges, Biden says his task force is committed to prioritizing the reunification of any children still separated from their families. But the details of how that might happen are still unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Else Can Be Done?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In addition to the Biden administration committing additional resources to the search, there are several other policy changes that would also help, Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he suggests allowing those parents to return to the U.S. and take the time they need to be reunified with their children — without fear of being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I think a lot of people don't realize is that, [in addition to the parents we haven’t found] there are many more families that are [still] separated. We found them, but the Trump administration will not allow the parent to come back to the U.S. to join their child,” Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, he said, providing families with some sort of legal immigration status to stay in the U.S. would help undo some of the harm caused by their forcible separations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been through so much,” he said, “and I think the least we can do now is to provide them with some status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, Gelernt recommends the government create a fund to help families access physical and mental health care.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt']'They have been through so much, and I think the least we can do now is to provide them with some status.'[/pullquote]Back in February, the nonprofit Physicians for Human Rights \u003ca href=\"https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PHR-Report-2020-Family-Separation-Full-Report.pdf\">published a study\u003c/a> on parents who’d been separated from their children by the Trump administration. The study found that parents often experienced behaviors and symptoms “consistent with trauma,” and that most people in the study met the conditions for “at least one mental health condition,” such as post-traumatic stress disorder or major depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another paper, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843880/us-treatment-of-migrant-children-falls-under-un-definition-of-torture-doctors-say\">recently published\u003c/a> in the medical journal Pediatrics, calls the federal government's handling of migrant children at the border \"consistent with torture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would describe cages and sleeping on the floor and being forcefully separated from their parents as severe pain or suffering, no different than I would if someone was beaten with a truncheon,” said the paper’s co-author, Coleen Kivlahan, a family medicine doctor at UCSF and co-chair of the UCSF Health and Human Rights Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, White House officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/white-house-killed-deal-pay-mental-health-care-migrant-families-n1248158\">blocked the Department of Justice\u003c/a> from making a deal that would have provided separated families with mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Gelernt recommends the Biden administration put an end to continued separations at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Child Welfare Issue\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sabraw’s injunction stopping family separations included a provision that allows Homeland Security officials to separate parents from their children if the parents are considered “unfit” or “a danger to the child.” In 2019, the ACLU \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11775527/more-than-1000-families-have-been-separated-at-the-border-despite-court-order\">asked Sabraw to reconsider that provision,\u003c/a> but the judge ultimately sided with the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, more than 1,100 children have been taken away from their parents by U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials under this provision, sometimes because the parent had a minor criminal conviction, or even just contact with law enforcement. Gelernt said he’s hoping these cases can be added to the ongoing class-action lawsuit against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"family-separation\" label=\"more coverage\"]“We do not want the kinds of separation decisions that occur under the Trump administration made by CBP and ICE officials where they are unilaterally declaring — without evidence most of the time — that the parent is a danger to the child,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for migrant children say that any decision to take a child from their parents' custody should be made by child welfare experts, not immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the government's attempting to remove a child from their parents in the dependency court context, there's a hearing. The parent has a right to counsel, as does the child. There's child welfare experts doing evaluations, maybe mental health experts doing evaluations,” said Erika Pinheiro, director of litigation and policy at Al Otro Lado, a California-based nonprofit working on behalf of immigrant families. “None of that is happening when CBP makes a decision to separate a parent and child.” [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An Impossible Choice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But even families who gained some legal protection from the case are still suffering as a result of the family separation policy and the terrible choices it forced them to make, Pinheiro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described the story of a Guatemalan man who came to the U.S. with his 7-year-old son to seek asylum in 2018, where they were subsequently separated. Although the man had suffered violence and discrimination back home, Pinheiro said after reviewing his case, she thought it was unlikely he would qualify for protection.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Erika Pinheiro, director of litigation and policy at Al Otro Lado']'So the only choices are to bring your child back to a situation where you are receiving deadly threats or leave them in the United States and potentially never see them again.'[/pullquote]“He had definitely suffered violence and was being threatened, but it was really difficult to fit his story into any category that confers eligibility under U.S. law,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ultimately made the painful decision to accept deportation, while his son stayed in the U.S. with an aunt. Pinheiro said he sometimes doesn’t speak with his son for weeks, and has suffered from the decision he was forced to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the only choices are to bring your child back to a situation where you are receiving deadly threats or leave them in the United States and potentially never see them again,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A Definite Opportunity’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite the difficult task ahead, Pinheiro said she’s hopeful that Biden is committed to repairing the damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a definite opportunity with the Biden administration, much more of an opportunity than we would have had with the Trump administration, whose [Department of Justice] was fighting reunifications every step of the way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Pinheiro added, she’ll be watching to see who will be on the next president’s task force, and how far they’ll be willing to go to make these separated families whole again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849471/aun-se-siente-el-dolor-de-la-separacion-de-familias-migrantes-que-puede-hacer-biden\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps no immigration policy of President Trump has provoked more emotion than the practice of separating migrant families at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of many of Trump's immigration initiatives that President-elect Joe Biden has pledged to reverse in his first 100 days in office. At the final presidential debate in October, Biden voiced outrage over the policy, in which border agents were instructed to take children away from their mothers and fathers to facilitate criminal prosecutions of the parents and send a message intended to deter future migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their kids were ripped from their arms and separated. And now they cannot find over 500 sets of those parents,” Biden said during the debate. “And those kids are alone. Nowhere to go. ... It's criminal.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XaHidsQaqXE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XaHidsQaqXE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Biden was referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843100/parents-of-545-children-separated-at-u-s-mexico-border-still-cant-be-found\">parents of 545 children\u003c/a> who were separated in 2017, and who lawyers and advocates say they’re still unable to locate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the total number of families who have not been reunited — in some cases more than three years later — is believed to be far greater than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office in 2017, more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782685/new-tally-totals-over-5500-kids-taken-from-parents-at-the-border\">5,500 children\u003c/a> have been separated due to administration policies. And while more than 3,000 parents have been located, that leaves a great many kids still in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has said that on his first day in office, he’ll create a federal task force to reunite families separated under the Trump administration. But fully addressing family separations won’t be a straightforward process — and questions remain about how far the new administration will go to address the long-term effects of these separations on the children and parents involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Thousands of Separated Children\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, lawyers with the American Civil Liberties Union and the federal government appeared before U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego as part of a months-long battle to end family separations at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.casd.564097/gov.uscourts.casd.564097.83.0_4.pdf\">injunction\u003c/a>, ordering an end to separations and requiring the federal government to swiftly reunify children with their parents (setting a deadline of 14 days for children under the age of 5 and 30 days for older children).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government eventually identified 2,814 separated children. These families are known as the \"original class\" in the class-action lawsuit \u003ca href=\"https://casetext.com/case/ms-l-v-us-immigration-customs-enforcement\">Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>. In some cases it took many months, but almost all of those families were reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2019, however, the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services, the agency responsible for the care of unaccompanied migrant children, \u003ca href=\"https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-BL-18-00511.pdf\">issued a watchdog report\u003c/a> charging that border separations began much earlier than previously known — as early as July 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sabraw’s orders, government officials spent months investigating and finally reported there were as many as 1,556 additional separated children. As a result, Sabraw included this “expanded class” of parents in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the current class members, they too were separated from their children,” Sabraw wrote in the decision. “They were not reunited with their children despite the absence of any finding they were unfit parents or presented a danger to their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These families make up the majority of those still separated today. Most of the parents are difficult to find because the separations occurred so long ago and many have since been deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Parents Who Can’t Be Found\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Of those the children in the expanded class, plaintiffs' advocates have reached the parents of 570, according to a December report to the court. They're still working on finding the parents of 628 children, nearly 300 of whom they believe to have been removed from the U.S. after their kids were taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt, who is lead counsel representing separated parents in the case, said the search for parents has been delayed because the government often provided outdated contact information or none at all.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We couldn't even begin the searches by phone, trying to contact these families,” Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without contact information, a committee of lawyers and advocates in charge of the search have few options. They try to find parents online or through records in their country of origin, and when all else fails, they enlist a network of human rights lawyers and nonprofit organizations in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico, who conduct door-to-door searches. This effort has been further \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831289/how-covid-19-has-impacted-the-search-for-separated-families\">complicated and hampered by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the challenges, Biden says his task force is committed to prioritizing the reunification of any children still separated from their families. But the details of how that might happen are still unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Else Can Be Done?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In addition to the Biden administration committing additional resources to the search, there are several other policy changes that would also help, Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he suggests allowing those parents to return to the U.S. and take the time they need to be reunified with their children — without fear of being deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I think a lot of people don't realize is that, [in addition to the parents we haven’t found] there are many more families that are [still] separated. We found them, but the Trump administration will not allow the parent to come back to the U.S. to join their child,” Gelernt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, he said, providing families with some sort of legal immigration status to stay in the U.S. would help undo some of the harm caused by their forcible separations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been through so much,” he said, “and I think the least we can do now is to provide them with some status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third, Gelernt recommends the government create a fund to help families access physical and mental health care.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Back in February, the nonprofit Physicians for Human Rights \u003ca href=\"https://phr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PHR-Report-2020-Family-Separation-Full-Report.pdf\">published a study\u003c/a> on parents who’d been separated from their children by the Trump administration. The study found that parents often experienced behaviors and symptoms “consistent with trauma,” and that most people in the study met the conditions for “at least one mental health condition,” such as post-traumatic stress disorder or major depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another paper, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843880/us-treatment-of-migrant-children-falls-under-un-definition-of-torture-doctors-say\">recently published\u003c/a> in the medical journal Pediatrics, calls the federal government's handling of migrant children at the border \"consistent with torture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would describe cages and sleeping on the floor and being forcefully separated from their parents as severe pain or suffering, no different than I would if someone was beaten with a truncheon,” said the paper’s co-author, Coleen Kivlahan, a family medicine doctor at UCSF and co-chair of the UCSF Health and Human Rights Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, White House officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/immigration/white-house-killed-deal-pay-mental-health-care-migrant-families-n1248158\">blocked the Department of Justice\u003c/a> from making a deal that would have provided separated families with mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Gelernt recommends the Biden administration put an end to continued separations at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Child Welfare Issue\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sabraw’s injunction stopping family separations included a provision that allows Homeland Security officials to separate parents from their children if the parents are considered “unfit” or “a danger to the child.” In 2019, the ACLU \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11775527/more-than-1000-families-have-been-separated-at-the-border-despite-court-order\">asked Sabraw to reconsider that provision,\u003c/a> but the judge ultimately sided with the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, more than 1,100 children have been taken away from their parents by U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials under this provision, sometimes because the parent had a minor criminal conviction, or even just contact with law enforcement. Gelernt said he’s hoping these cases can be added to the ongoing class-action lawsuit against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We do not want the kinds of separation decisions that occur under the Trump administration made by CBP and ICE officials where they are unilaterally declaring — without evidence most of the time — that the parent is a danger to the child,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates for migrant children say that any decision to take a child from their parents' custody should be made by child welfare experts, not immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the government's attempting to remove a child from their parents in the dependency court context, there's a hearing. The parent has a right to counsel, as does the child. There's child welfare experts doing evaluations, maybe mental health experts doing evaluations,” said Erika Pinheiro, director of litigation and policy at Al Otro Lado, a California-based nonprofit working on behalf of immigrant families. “None of that is happening when CBP makes a decision to separate a parent and child.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An Impossible Choice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But even families who gained some legal protection from the case are still suffering as a result of the family separation policy and the terrible choices it forced them to make, Pinheiro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described the story of a Guatemalan man who came to the U.S. with his 7-year-old son to seek asylum in 2018, where they were subsequently separated. Although the man had suffered violence and discrimination back home, Pinheiro said after reviewing his case, she thought it was unlikely he would qualify for protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He had definitely suffered violence and was being threatened, but it was really difficult to fit his story into any category that confers eligibility under U.S. law,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ultimately made the painful decision to accept deportation, while his son stayed in the U.S. with an aunt. Pinheiro said he sometimes doesn’t speak with his son for weeks, and has suffered from the decision he was forced to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the only choices are to bring your child back to a situation where you are receiving deadly threats or leave them in the United States and potentially never see them again,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A Definite Opportunity’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite the difficult task ahead, Pinheiro said she’s hopeful that Biden is committed to repairing the damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a definite opportunity with the Biden administration, much more of an opportunity than we would have had with the Trump administration, whose [Department of Justice] was fighting reunifications every step of the way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Pinheiro added, she’ll be watching to see who will be on the next president’s task force, and how far they’ll be willing to go to make these separated families whole again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Will Biden Follow in Obama’s Footsteps With H-1B Visa? Labor Advocates Have Concerns",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-elect Joe Biden is pledging to reverse a slew of Trump-era immigration restrictions, which brings up the question of what he will do with the H-1B visa for highly skilled workers. Over the last three decades, it has been a pathway to work in America for several million people, but at the same time corporations have used it to underpay foreign workers, outsource jobs and drive down wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s campaign has said he will try to stop abuse of the visa, but he is also surrounding himself with advisers from big tech, and people in that industry have always urged expanding the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the backstory of how corporations have misused the visa and the failed attempts at reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story begins when Democrats and Republicans worked together to pass the Immigration Act of 1990. It greatly increased legal immigration, allowing for family reunification, a green card lottery to increase immigrant diversity and the H-1B visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference, then-Rep. Bruce Morrison, D-Connecticut, explained the visa’s purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This legislation focuses on the need for skilled workers to be brought to the United States for jobs that are not being filled and will not be filled in the near future by American workers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The H-1B is a three-year visa, renewable once, available to 85,000 workers a year. There is no official statistic for the total number of people currently on H-1B visas in the United States, but estimates range from around 300,000 to over 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning, companies have abused this visa. We’re going to look at three major ways, beginning with how it is sometimes used to replace American workers with underpaid foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-h-1b-visas-have-been-abused-since-the-beginning/\">In a “60 Minutes” story\u003c/a> from 1993, reporter Lesley Stahl describes a contracting agreement with a worker from India on an H-1B.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It tells her she will be assigned to Hewlett-Packard in California,” Stahl says, “that her salary of $250 a month will still be paid back in India and she will receive $1,300 a month for living expenses in the United States. Total that up and it comes to less than $20,000 a year, nowhere near what Hewlett-Packard would have to pay an American.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in 1993, it would have been hard to get by in the Bay Area on double that salary. Later in the segment, Stahl talks with staffing agencies who say that American workers are being undercut by people being paid less on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This continues to be a problem. Over the years there have been numerous examples of U.S. workers being fired and having their jobs given to people from contracting firms that rely on H-1B visas. In the last decade, U.S. workers have been replaced at companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/12/fixing-h-1b-visa-loophole/509639/\">like Disney\u003c/a>, utilities like Southern California Edison \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11304045/pge-is-using-h-1b-visas-to-send-it-jobs-overseas\">and PG&E\u003c/a>, and public universities like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11219853/ucsf-losing-some-it-staff-to-outsourcing\">UCSF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second major issue labor advocates have with this visa is how it is used to mistreat foreign workers. People who wish to work in the U.S. on an H-1B need a company to sponsor them for the visa, and — if they want to stay on permanently — for a green card. This leverage allows companies to discourage workers from changing jobs and to keep wages low, which they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-06/h-1b-skilled-worker-visas-under-fire\">For a story on The World in 2013\u003c/a>, I interviewed a worker who was experiencing just this. He didn’t want to use his name for fear of retaliation. He said he was getting paid 20% less than U.S. workers doing the same job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am being paid less, which sucks for me,” the programmer said, “but it also sucks for American developers because I am a threat to them in some ways. I am cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started when he got his job offer. He felt like he had to accept a low rate because they were offering him a visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe it’s just naivete on my part but I definitely think they low-balled me and I was like, ‘OK, yeah sure,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third issue with the H-1B is that a majority of the visas aren’t going to truly high-skilled workers like top college graduates and ace programmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, firms like IBM and Accenture use the visa to hire people for routine information technology work, such as server maintenance and low-level programming. And international IT contracting companies like Wipro and Infosys use the visa to offshore work, mainly to India. Contracting companies send people on H-1B visas to banks, universities, accounting firms in the U.S. Those workers then serve as liaisons to large teams, mostly in India, who work for much lower pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neeraj Gupta knows how this all works. He has had management positions at Oracle and other tech companies where he says he was instructed to outsource jobs. “I remember sitting in Washington, D.C. in 2008 with a proposal that was going to outsource 300 American jobs,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10859344/silicon-valleys-indian-community-pushes-to-reform-h1b-visa-program\">In a 2016 interview with KQED,\u003c/a> Gupta, who came to America on an H-1B visa himself, said the H-1B visa program needed to be changed so it can’t be used as an outsourcing tool. “I do believe there is an underutilized workforce here in the U.S.,” he said. “Kids who could get much more meaningful jobs in the technology industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies get so many H-1B visas for outsourcing and lower-skilled IT jobs that there aren’t enough visas left for truly high-skilled workers. The visas are distributed through a lottery system, meaning lower-skilled workers have the same chance as graduates from top U.S. colleges to get one. And there have been so many applicants in recent years, only one in three people receive a visa. That means many people who come to the U.S. and study at the best universities end up having to leave and take their talents elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Neeraj Gupta, in 2016']‘I do believe there is an underutilized workforce here in the U.S. Kids who could get much more meaningful jobs in the technology industry.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three decades, politicians have tried and failed to address these three issues. Suggested fixes include: increasing the enforcement of the wage requirement to make sure companies are paying people on H-1Bs as much as U.S. workers; limiting the amount of time H-1B workers may work as off-site contractors to dissuade offshoring operations; and requiring more proof that companies first tried to hire an American for the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous bills proposed over the years have included some of these changes, but no bill has garnered enough support to become law. Labor advocates say that’s because Democrats and Republicans are both getting lobbied by corporations that want to maintain the lax enforcement and loopholes in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The abuses of the visa have created unlikely coalitions between lawmakers. On the one hand are anti-immigration Republicans like Sen. Chuck Grassley and former Sen. Jeff Sessions, and on the other are pro-labor Democrats like Sens. Dick Durbin and Bernie Sanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2007, Sanders put forward an H-1B reform bill that had support from Republicans like Grassley. When he introduced it, Sanders pointed out the hypocrisy of American companies laying off workers and simultaneously calling for increased numbers of H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t lay off large numbers of American workers and then tell us you desperately need workers, professionals from abroad,” he said. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEOs in the tech industry have consistently opposed efforts to tighten the rules. They say there is a shortage of skilled workers in the U.S. and that the country needs more H-1B workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is how Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google and adviser to President Obama, put it: “I spent the last 20 years announcing that the single stupidest policy in entire America was the limit on H1B visas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor advocates say the programmer shortage is a myth. Their strongest evidence is that programmer salaries have been stagnant for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there is a labor shortage, wages should rise as companies compete for talent. But that is not happening for programmers. Their wages are relatively stagnant. It’s similar to the story for most workers in America since the 1980s. There is no concrete evidence that companies can not find high-skilled workers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Hira is a political science professor at Howard University who has been following the H-1B issue for two decades. He says pro-labor Democrats have been continually blocked by those in the party who are being lobbied by people from big tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hira says the Obama administration was particularly influenced by advisers from big tech, including Schmidt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ron Hira, political science professor']‘The Obama administration really kowtowed to what the tech industry wanted.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Obama administration really kowtowed to what the tech industry wanted,” Hira said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Obama failed to close loopholes in the H-1B program, Trump made reform of the visa a big talking point, and the issue became wrapped up in racist, anti-immigrant rhetoric of his administration. But in four years the administration did not succeed in getting any major reform legislation passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just days before the election, however, the Department of Labor and the Department of Homeland Security proposed new \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/dhs-trump-administration-protect-american-jobs-from-unfair-international-competition\">rules\u003c/a> to shore up wage requirements and limit contracting work. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/trump-h1b-changes-miss-opportunity-real-reform\">immigration analysts\u003c/a> said the rules failed to deliver fundamental reform of the H-1B program. Despite the xenophobic tenor of the administration and the rushed implementation, Hira and other labor advocates supported many of the proposed changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings us to Biden. Labor advocates worry that he, like Obama, will be heavily influenced by tech executives and venture capitalists who donated tens of millions to his campaign, and are informally advising him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some good people on the transition teams and also good advising on the economic policy side of things,” Hira said. “Let’s hope that their voices get heard and don’t get drowned out by these corporate interests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/immigration/#\">The Biden-Harris transition website\u003c/a> includes a commitment to address the exploitation that hurts both U.S. and foreign skilled workers, but also a pledge to eventually expand the program. It’s a pitch to both workers and big tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11848181\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-800x342.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-800x342.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-1020x436.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-160x68.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-1536x656.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B.png 1549w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from the Biden-Harris transition website.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Any lasting change would require legislation, which would mean getting a majority of members in the House and Senate on board. H-1B reform has had bipartisan support in the past, but today’s political climate is far more polarized. Without support for a bill, a lasting overhaul of the H-1B visa program will probably remain in limbo, where it has been for almost three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect Joe Biden is pledging to reverse a slew of Trump-era immigration restrictions, which brings up the question of what he will do with the H-1B visa for highly skilled workers. Over the last three decades, it has been a pathway to work in America for several million people, but at the same time corporations have used it to underpay foreign workers, outsource jobs and drive down wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s campaign has said he will try to stop abuse of the visa, but he is also surrounding himself with advisers from big tech, and people in that industry have always urged expanding the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the backstory of how corporations have misused the visa and the failed attempts at reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story begins when Democrats and Republicans worked together to pass the Immigration Act of 1990. It greatly increased legal immigration, allowing for family reunification, a green card lottery to increase immigrant diversity and the H-1B visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference, then-Rep. Bruce Morrison, D-Connecticut, explained the visa’s purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This legislation focuses on the need for skilled workers to be brought to the United States for jobs that are not being filled and will not be filled in the near future by American workers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The H-1B is a three-year visa, renewable once, available to 85,000 workers a year. There is no official statistic for the total number of people currently on H-1B visas in the United States, but estimates range from around 300,000 to over 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning, companies have abused this visa. We’re going to look at three major ways, beginning with how it is sometimes used to replace American workers with underpaid foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-h-1b-visas-have-been-abused-since-the-beginning/\">In a “60 Minutes” story\u003c/a> from 1993, reporter Lesley Stahl describes a contracting agreement with a worker from India on an H-1B.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It tells her she will be assigned to Hewlett-Packard in California,” Stahl says, “that her salary of $250 a month will still be paid back in India and she will receive $1,300 a month for living expenses in the United States. Total that up and it comes to less than $20,000 a year, nowhere near what Hewlett-Packard would have to pay an American.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in 1993, it would have been hard to get by in the Bay Area on double that salary. Later in the segment, Stahl talks with staffing agencies who say that American workers are being undercut by people being paid less on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This continues to be a problem. Over the years there have been numerous examples of U.S. workers being fired and having their jobs given to people from contracting firms that rely on H-1B visas. In the last decade, U.S. workers have been replaced at companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/12/fixing-h-1b-visa-loophole/509639/\">like Disney\u003c/a>, utilities like Southern California Edison \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11304045/pge-is-using-h-1b-visas-to-send-it-jobs-overseas\">and PG&E\u003c/a>, and public universities like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11219853/ucsf-losing-some-it-staff-to-outsourcing\">UCSF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second major issue labor advocates have with this visa is how it is used to mistreat foreign workers. People who wish to work in the U.S. on an H-1B need a company to sponsor them for the visa, and — if they want to stay on permanently — for a green card. This leverage allows companies to discourage workers from changing jobs and to keep wages low, which they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-06/h-1b-skilled-worker-visas-under-fire\">For a story on The World in 2013\u003c/a>, I interviewed a worker who was experiencing just this. He didn’t want to use his name for fear of retaliation. He said he was getting paid 20% less than U.S. workers doing the same job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am being paid less, which sucks for me,” the programmer said, “but it also sucks for American developers because I am a threat to them in some ways. I am cheaper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started when he got his job offer. He felt like he had to accept a low rate because they were offering him a visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe it’s just naivete on my part but I definitely think they low-balled me and I was like, ‘OK, yeah sure,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third issue with the H-1B is that a majority of the visas aren’t going to truly high-skilled workers like top college graduates and ace programmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, firms like IBM and Accenture use the visa to hire people for routine information technology work, such as server maintenance and low-level programming. And international IT contracting companies like Wipro and Infosys use the visa to offshore work, mainly to India. Contracting companies send people on H-1B visas to banks, universities, accounting firms in the U.S. Those workers then serve as liaisons to large teams, mostly in India, who work for much lower pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neeraj Gupta knows how this all works. He has had management positions at Oracle and other tech companies where he says he was instructed to outsource jobs. “I remember sitting in Washington, D.C. in 2008 with a proposal that was going to outsource 300 American jobs,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10859344/silicon-valleys-indian-community-pushes-to-reform-h1b-visa-program\">In a 2016 interview with KQED,\u003c/a> Gupta, who came to America on an H-1B visa himself, said the H-1B visa program needed to be changed so it can’t be used as an outsourcing tool. “I do believe there is an underutilized workforce here in the U.S.,” he said. “Kids who could get much more meaningful jobs in the technology industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies get so many H-1B visas for outsourcing and lower-skilled IT jobs that there aren’t enough visas left for truly high-skilled workers. The visas are distributed through a lottery system, meaning lower-skilled workers have the same chance as graduates from top U.S. colleges to get one. And there have been so many applicants in recent years, only one in three people receive a visa. That means many people who come to the U.S. and study at the best universities end up having to leave and take their talents elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three decades, politicians have tried and failed to address these three issues. Suggested fixes include: increasing the enforcement of the wage requirement to make sure companies are paying people on H-1Bs as much as U.S. workers; limiting the amount of time H-1B workers may work as off-site contractors to dissuade offshoring operations; and requiring more proof that companies first tried to hire an American for the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous bills proposed over the years have included some of these changes, but no bill has garnered enough support to become law. Labor advocates say that’s because Democrats and Republicans are both getting lobbied by corporations that want to maintain the lax enforcement and loopholes in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The abuses of the visa have created unlikely coalitions between lawmakers. On the one hand are anti-immigration Republicans like Sen. Chuck Grassley and former Sen. Jeff Sessions, and on the other are pro-labor Democrats like Sens. Dick Durbin and Bernie Sanders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2007, Sanders put forward an H-1B reform bill that had support from Republicans like Grassley. When he introduced it, Sanders pointed out the hypocrisy of American companies laying off workers and simultaneously calling for increased numbers of H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t lay off large numbers of American workers and then tell us you desperately need workers, professionals from abroad,” he said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEOs in the tech industry have consistently opposed efforts to tighten the rules. They say there is a shortage of skilled workers in the U.S. and that the country needs more H-1B workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is how Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google and adviser to President Obama, put it: “I spent the last 20 years announcing that the single stupidest policy in entire America was the limit on H1B visas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor advocates say the programmer shortage is a myth. Their strongest evidence is that programmer salaries have been stagnant for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there is a labor shortage, wages should rise as companies compete for talent. But that is not happening for programmers. Their wages are relatively stagnant. It’s similar to the story for most workers in America since the 1980s. There is no concrete evidence that companies can not find high-skilled workers in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Hira is a political science professor at Howard University who has been following the H-1B issue for two decades. He says pro-labor Democrats have been continually blocked by those in the party who are being lobbied by people from big tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hira says the Obama administration was particularly influenced by advisers from big tech, including Schmidt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Obama administration really kowtowed to what the tech industry wanted,” Hira said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Obama failed to close loopholes in the H-1B program, Trump made reform of the visa a big talking point, and the issue became wrapped up in racist, anti-immigrant rhetoric of his administration. But in four years the administration did not succeed in getting any major reform legislation passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just days before the election, however, the Department of Labor and the Department of Homeland Security proposed new \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/dhs-trump-administration-protect-american-jobs-from-unfair-international-competition\">rules\u003c/a> to shore up wage requirements and limit contracting work. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/trump-h1b-changes-miss-opportunity-real-reform\">immigration analysts\u003c/a> said the rules failed to deliver fundamental reform of the H-1B program. Despite the xenophobic tenor of the administration and the rushed implementation, Hira and other labor advocates supported many of the proposed changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That brings us to Biden. Labor advocates worry that he, like Obama, will be heavily influenced by tech executives and venture capitalists who donated tens of millions to his campaign, and are informally advising him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some good people on the transition teams and also good advising on the economic policy side of things,” Hira said. “Let’s hope that their voices get heard and don’t get drowned out by these corporate interests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/immigration/#\">The Biden-Harris transition website\u003c/a> includes a commitment to address the exploitation that hurts both U.S. and foreign skilled workers, but also a pledge to eventually expand the program. It’s a pitch to both workers and big tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11848181\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11848181\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-800x342.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-800x342.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-1020x436.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-160x68.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B-1536x656.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Biden-Harris-H1B.png 1549w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot from the Biden-Harris transition website.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Any lasting change would require legislation, which would mean getting a majority of members in the House and Senate on board. H-1B reform has had bipartisan support in the past, but today’s political climate is far more polarized. Without support for a bill, a lasting overhaul of the H-1B visa program will probably remain in limbo, where it has been for almost three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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