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"content": "\u003cp>From massive wildfires to mass shooting threats to dilapidated classrooms, California’s K-12 schools, and the 6.2 million children they serve, are facing a series unprecedented disruptions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state’s public schools closed their doors and sent kids home in what appear to be record numbers, mainly as a result of sweeping natural disasters, according to a CalMatters analysis of public school closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018-19 school year marked the third significant spike in four years. Since 2002, nearly two-thirds of the days lost to school closures have been wildfire-related, and of those, half have occurred in the past four school years. For some California schools, the onslaught has become a new normal as one disaster gives way to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend largely tracks the rising frequency and severity of climate-fueled wildfires, with big bumps in 2003 and 2007, the years of San Diego County’s huge Cedar and Witch fires, and then, in recent years, a more sustained but equally dramatic climb with the historic 2017 Sonoma wine country fires and 2018 Camp Fire in and around the town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire — which just this month\u003ca href=\"https://www.foxnews.com/us/california-tenaja-fire-evacuations-schools-close\"> shut down the entire Murrieta Valley Unified School District\u003c/a> in Southern California for at least a day — has not been the only big reason for lost school time. California students also lost instructional days for emergencies such as serious breakdowns in school facilities — mold or plumbing problems, for instance — as well as threats of potential gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the latter case, state data shows, even when school officials don’t deem a threat credible enough to cancel classes, fear alone has increasingly led significant numbers of parents to keep their children home more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last school year, \u003ca href=\"https://disasterdays.calmatters.org/california-school-closures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency closures in at least 2,262 schools\u003c/a> – from the state’s most densely populated urban hubs to its most remote pockets – impacted more than 1.2 million students. The closures ranged from a single lost day to weeks without instruction. Put another way, roughly one in five students in California was sent home in the 2018-19 school year at least once due to either a natural disaster day, a maintenance crisis, a potential school shooting or some other emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a situation that has crept only gradually onto lawmakers’ radar, as the occasional break from routine has, in many districts, morphed into longer and more disruptive interruptions. Losses of 10 school days or more to wildfire — virtually unheard of in past decades — have occurred hundreds of times since 2015, impacting schools across California, from Oroville to Ojai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.educationnext.org/defense-snow-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A 2015 study\u003c/a> found that longer, unexpected absences \u003ca href=\"https://www.educationnext.org/time-for-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">take a significant toll \u003c/a>on learning. The challenges after a natural disaster also can remain overwhelming for educators even after schools reopen, as districts severely impacted by fires – such as Paradise Unified – have learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11774878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11774878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate Grace Matthies, center, tearfully embraces a classmate following their high school commencement at Konocti Education Center in Clear Lake on June 7, 2019. Wildfires have closed the school at least five times in the past four years. \u003ccite>(Randall Benton/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to understand how emergencies, disasters and threats impact the everyday operations of California’s public schools, CalMatters used the California Public Records Act to obtain records detailing thousands of emergency school closure incidents reported by local school districts to the state Department of Education since the 2002-03 school year — when the state began keeping such records. From those reports, we built our own \u003ca href=\"https://disasterdays.calmatters.org/california-school-closures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">database of school closures\u003c/a>, spanning 17 school years and accounting for more than 34,000 total days of lost instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A temporary change in California’s instructional requirements from 2009-10 to 2014-15, the years of the recession, may have depressed the number of closures reported to the state during those years. But since 2015-16, the state has recorded more school closures from wildfire and smoky air than at any point in the last two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is what else the CalMatters’ analysis found:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Widespread school closures have become more frequent. A big reason is wildfire.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In recent years, thousands of public schools statewide have reported closing for emergencies, citing a variety of reasons. But wildfire has been the cause of the most dramatic spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent fires have been especially disruptive. Of the more than 34,000 school closure days in CalMatters’ database, nearly two-thirds — 21,100 — stemmed from wildfires. Of these, more than half, or about 10,700, occurred since 2015. In some areas, the fire threat has been so relentless that some schools have closed as many as five times in the last four years due to wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/518a0941-9852-4946-97cc-36afc3d33432?src=embed\" title=\"CA School Closures\" width=\"800\" height=\"737\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>And those fire-related closures have gotten longer.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Until recently, only a handful of schools had reported losing more than 10 days in a single school year to wildfire-related emergencies. In the last two school years, that count has risen to nearly 300 schools. Before the 2015-16 school year, no California school had reported losing 15 days or more to wildfires. Since then, more than 70 California schools have experienced shutdowns of that duration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/ba1d6956-3884-4aa7-a1d3-1869201327c4?src=embed\" title=\"DISASTER DAYS - Length of Closures 2\" width=\"800\" height=\"796\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where there’s fire, there’s smoke — and that’s also keeping kids home.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the most disruptive aspects of last year’s fire season was the billowing pollution the megafires spewed downwind for miles. At one point last November, hazardous air quality from the Camp and Woolsey fires, among others, prompted some 180 school districts, with a combined enrollment of more than 1 million students, to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2018/11/school-closures-california-wildfires-1-million-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce they would be canceling school\u003c/a> at some point that week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/ep/airquality.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated guidelines\u003c/a> to help schools consistently determine when to close due to poor air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>But fire is far from the sole reason for California school closures.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Also substantial were closures due to extreme weather and natural disasters other than wildfires, such as floods and snowstorms. Infrastructure issues — electrical failures, asbestos, mold, insect infestations, contaminated water — also cut into class time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Threats of the human variety have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/11/us/california-school-shots-fired/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increasingly been an issue\u003c/a>, whether from \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/0040f6d6198a48a9ac085be5cbca5323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guns\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/School-closure-over-swine-flu-fast-and-smooth-3162779.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">epidemics of swine flu\u003c/a>. And some schools have shut down for staffing shortages or even political reasons. Some San Diego County schools shut down in 2006 during \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2006/03/31/some-students-protest-but-most-of-state-calm-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass immigration reform marches\u003c/a>, for instance, and the Klamath-Trinity Joint Unified School District closed in late 2018 for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.times-standard.com/2018/12/04/county-offices-some-schools-to-close-wednesday-in-honor-of-bushs-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">day of mourning\u003c/a> after the death of former President George H.W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/1367ea3b-497e-4b31-97b8-7f7708bb5263?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: Ricardo Blank \" width=\"800\" height=\"899\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural areas, where roads are often poor, have been particularly vulnerable to closures. Jack Norton Elementary in Humboldt County, a remote two-room school with about 30 mostly Native American students that until last June \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgecurrents.com/2019/06/06/humboldt-county-remote-school-on-tribal-land-gets-electricity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relied on a generator for power\u003c/a>, has lost more than 50 days of school since 2002 to closures for almost every imaginable reason, including torrential rains, wildfire, \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/north-coast-news/eureka-local-news/7-schools-in-klamath-trinity-school-district-closed-wednesday-due-to-hazardous-weather\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">snow,\u003c/a> collapsed roads, landslides, \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/archive/mold-closes-8-schools-in-klamath-trinity-school-district\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mold\u003c/a>, power failures, social media threats and, in 2003-04, a “loose fugitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Human threats have increasingly become an ongoing issue.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although less than 4% of lost school days were the result of violent threats to student safety, state records showed that those threats, and subsequent disruptions, have become increasingly familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/d78d5e24-4dc6-40fc-b2b6-787d143d3803?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: matt-school-threats\" width=\"800\" height=\"860\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the 2002-03 and 2006-07 academic terms – the first five school years in the database – threats of violence resulted in closures at 117 schools. Among them: \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/YUBA-CITY-A-copycat-threat-shuts-city-schools-2600940.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the April 2007 “copycat” threat\u003c/a> that prompted systemwide closures in Yuba and Sutter counties after a 28-year-old man allegedly vowed to commit a massacre that “would make Virginia Tech look mild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the last five school years, such threats have forced school closures in more than 1,100 schools. Among them: a December 2015 bomb threat shortly after the terrorist shooting in San Bernardino that caused California’s largest school district, Los Angeles Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-all-lausd-schools-closed-threat-20151215-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to close all its schools for one day. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>With increased threats, though, closures are just part of the picture.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California also keeps separate records of incidents in which a school stays open but reports a sudden “material decrease” in attendance. CalMatters also studied those records, which describe emergencies that lead to attendance drops of more than 10% at a school site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to student safety, those records show, mere threats of violence are increasingly keeping students home in significant numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/786ed5ee-703e-49b1-921b-3cb14fe9c7bf?src=embed\" title=\"DISASTER DAYS - Reported Threat Absences\" width=\"800\" height=\"836\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the five school years from 2002 to 2007, some 11,400 student absences in 54 California schools were reported as part of “material decreases” in attendance. Since 2014, threat-related incidents have resulted in roughly 90,800 reported student absences in 300 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2012-13 school year — the year of Connecticut’s Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting — 51 California schools reported roughly 13,600 student absences as a result of violent threats, CalMatters found. And after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-all-lausd-schools-closed-threat-20151215-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 Los Angeles Unified bomb threat\u003c/a>, attendance at some neighboring districts dipped markedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Crumbling schools are costing kids class time.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>CalMatters also identified at least 370 instances in which schools had to close because of breakdowns in school facilities. They included closures of schools with broken water pipes and harmful traces of mold or asbestos, as well as schools that couldn’t safely operate because of other dilapidated facilities like broken septic tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation reflects, among other things the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/10/california-school-bonds-favor-richer-communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glaring inequities in facilities\u003c/a> at public schools in California. Of the districts represented in this pool of closures, 54 had not passed a single local bond in more than two decades, according to a separate \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/10/california-school-bonds-favor-richer-communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalMatters database of local school-bond funding.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/404bdb20-7629-40b7-80ed-f2ae72ad6917?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: DISASTER DAYS - Facilities school bond chart\" width=\"800\" height=\"840\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local bonds are the driving force behind school facilities funding in California, influencing how much the district receives in matching state bond funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the remaining 115 school districts in this group, 75 had less than the average amount – about $19,000-per-student – in funding from local bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lawmakers are playing catch-up.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After the 2017 Tubbs Fire in California’s wine country displaced nearly 1,500 students and 250 educators in school systems across Sonoma County, legislators started extending existing school funding protections for districts particularly impacted by wildfire. School funding, which is tied to attendance, was protected for three years in Santa Rosa, and, after the 2018 Camp Fire, in Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state and local education officials say more comprehensive solutions — and more assistance — are needed. Suggestions made in interviews with CalMatters include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Require schools to make up at least some instructional days lost to emergency closures.\u003c/strong> Right now, that’s optional, and make-up days cost school districts money. CalMatters’ analysis found that some districts — in the Lake County community of Middletown, for instance — have lost five weeks of school time over the past four years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nProtect state funding for schools shut down by disasters more uniformly, and for longer periods.\u003c/strong> Schools affected by wildfires say the impact is far more intense than Californians realize, and lasts longer because fires are more fierce and frequent. Fourteen of the 20 most destructive fires in state history have occurred in the last 12 years. Though the state has extended financial aid to the hardest-hit districts, assistance has been case-by-case, and so far only for up to three years. Paradise’s superintendent, for instance, has already said schools will need a longer grace period to avoid steep cuts to services and programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Get serious about school-based mental health, especially in wildfire country.\u003c/strong> It isn’t just about funding, though that’s a big part of it, school officials say. Mental health professionals can be hard to find in rural parts of the state, where recent fires have done some of the most damage. Climate-driven crises appear to be happening closer together. And long after schools reopen after a disaster, teachers and students say they continue to struggle for normalcy.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From climate-driven natural disasters to crumbling infrastructure and threats of mass shootings, modern dangers are sending California kids home from class in record numbers.",
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"title": "Disaster Days: How Megafires, Guns and Other 21st Century Crises Are Disrupting California Schools | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From massive wildfires to mass shooting threats to dilapidated classrooms, California’s K-12 schools, and the 6.2 million children they serve, are facing a series unprecedented disruptions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state’s public schools closed their doors and sent kids home in what appear to be record numbers, mainly as a result of sweeping natural disasters, according to a CalMatters analysis of public school closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018-19 school year marked the third significant spike in four years. Since 2002, nearly two-thirds of the days lost to school closures have been wildfire-related, and of those, half have occurred in the past four school years. For some California schools, the onslaught has become a new normal as one disaster gives way to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend largely tracks the rising frequency and severity of climate-fueled wildfires, with big bumps in 2003 and 2007, the years of San Diego County’s huge Cedar and Witch fires, and then, in recent years, a more sustained but equally dramatic climb with the historic 2017 Sonoma wine country fires and 2018 Camp Fire in and around the town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fire — which just this month\u003ca href=\"https://www.foxnews.com/us/california-tenaja-fire-evacuations-schools-close\"> shut down the entire Murrieta Valley Unified School District\u003c/a> in Southern California for at least a day — has not been the only big reason for lost school time. California students also lost instructional days for emergencies such as serious breakdowns in school facilities — mold or plumbing problems, for instance — as well as threats of potential gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the latter case, state data shows, even when school officials don’t deem a threat credible enough to cancel classes, fear alone has increasingly led significant numbers of parents to keep their children home more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last school year, \u003ca href=\"https://disasterdays.calmatters.org/california-school-closures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emergency closures in at least 2,262 schools\u003c/a> – from the state’s most densely populated urban hubs to its most remote pockets – impacted more than 1.2 million students. The closures ranged from a single lost day to weeks without instruction. Put another way, roughly one in five students in California was sent home in the 2018-19 school year at least once due to either a natural disaster day, a maintenance crisis, a potential school shooting or some other emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a situation that has crept only gradually onto lawmakers’ radar, as the occasional break from routine has, in many districts, morphed into longer and more disruptive interruptions. Losses of 10 school days or more to wildfire — virtually unheard of in past decades — have occurred hundreds of times since 2015, impacting schools across California, from Oroville to Ojai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.educationnext.org/defense-snow-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A 2015 study\u003c/a> found that longer, unexpected absences \u003ca href=\"https://www.educationnext.org/time-for-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">take a significant toll \u003c/a>on learning. The challenges after a natural disaster also can remain overwhelming for educators even after schools reopen, as districts severely impacted by fires – such as Paradise Unified – have learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11774878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11774878\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RB-Konocti_18-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate Grace Matthies, center, tearfully embraces a classmate following their high school commencement at Konocti Education Center in Clear Lake on June 7, 2019. Wildfires have closed the school at least five times in the past four years. \u003ccite>(Randall Benton/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to understand how emergencies, disasters and threats impact the everyday operations of California’s public schools, CalMatters used the California Public Records Act to obtain records detailing thousands of emergency school closure incidents reported by local school districts to the state Department of Education since the 2002-03 school year — when the state began keeping such records. From those reports, we built our own \u003ca href=\"https://disasterdays.calmatters.org/california-school-closures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">database of school closures\u003c/a>, spanning 17 school years and accounting for more than 34,000 total days of lost instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A temporary change in California’s instructional requirements from 2009-10 to 2014-15, the years of the recession, may have depressed the number of closures reported to the state during those years. But since 2015-16, the state has recorded more school closures from wildfire and smoky air than at any point in the last two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is what else the CalMatters’ analysis found:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Widespread school closures have become more frequent. A big reason is wildfire.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In recent years, thousands of public schools statewide have reported closing for emergencies, citing a variety of reasons. But wildfire has been the cause of the most dramatic spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent fires have been especially disruptive. Of the more than 34,000 school closure days in CalMatters’ database, nearly two-thirds — 21,100 — stemmed from wildfires. Of these, more than half, or about 10,700, occurred since 2015. In some areas, the fire threat has been so relentless that some schools have closed as many as five times in the last four years due to wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/518a0941-9852-4946-97cc-36afc3d33432?src=embed\" title=\"CA School Closures\" width=\"800\" height=\"737\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>And those fire-related closures have gotten longer.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Until recently, only a handful of schools had reported losing more than 10 days in a single school year to wildfire-related emergencies. In the last two school years, that count has risen to nearly 300 schools. Before the 2015-16 school year, no California school had reported losing 15 days or more to wildfires. Since then, more than 70 California schools have experienced shutdowns of that duration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/ba1d6956-3884-4aa7-a1d3-1869201327c4?src=embed\" title=\"DISASTER DAYS - Length of Closures 2\" width=\"800\" height=\"796\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where there’s fire, there’s smoke — and that’s also keeping kids home.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the most disruptive aspects of last year’s fire season was the billowing pollution the megafires spewed downwind for miles. At one point last November, hazardous air quality from the Camp and Woolsey fires, among others, prompted some 180 school districts, with a combined enrollment of more than 1 million students, to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2018/11/school-closures-california-wildfires-1-million-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announce they would be canceling school\u003c/a> at some point that week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, California lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/ep/airquality.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated guidelines\u003c/a> to help schools consistently determine when to close due to poor air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>But fire is far from the sole reason for California school closures.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Also substantial were closures due to extreme weather and natural disasters other than wildfires, such as floods and snowstorms. Infrastructure issues — electrical failures, asbestos, mold, insect infestations, contaminated water — also cut into class time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Threats of the human variety have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/11/us/california-school-shots-fired/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increasingly been an issue\u003c/a>, whether from \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/0040f6d6198a48a9ac085be5cbca5323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guns\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/School-closure-over-swine-flu-fast-and-smooth-3162779.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">epidemics of swine flu\u003c/a>. And some schools have shut down for staffing shortages or even political reasons. Some San Diego County schools shut down in 2006 during \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2006/03/31/some-students-protest-but-most-of-state-calm-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mass immigration reform marches\u003c/a>, for instance, and the Klamath-Trinity Joint Unified School District closed in late 2018 for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.times-standard.com/2018/12/04/county-offices-some-schools-to-close-wednesday-in-honor-of-bushs-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">day of mourning\u003c/a> after the death of former President George H.W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/1367ea3b-497e-4b31-97b8-7f7708bb5263?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: Ricardo Blank \" width=\"800\" height=\"899\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rural areas, where roads are often poor, have been particularly vulnerable to closures. Jack Norton Elementary in Humboldt County, a remote two-room school with about 30 mostly Native American students that until last June \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgecurrents.com/2019/06/06/humboldt-county-remote-school-on-tribal-land-gets-electricity/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relied on a generator for power\u003c/a>, has lost more than 50 days of school since 2002 to closures for almost every imaginable reason, including torrential rains, wildfire, \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/north-coast-news/eureka-local-news/7-schools-in-klamath-trinity-school-district-closed-wednesday-due-to-hazardous-weather\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">snow,\u003c/a> collapsed roads, landslides, \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/archive/mold-closes-8-schools-in-klamath-trinity-school-district\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mold\u003c/a>, power failures, social media threats and, in 2003-04, a “loose fugitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Human threats have increasingly become an ongoing issue.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although less than 4% of lost school days were the result of violent threats to student safety, state records showed that those threats, and subsequent disruptions, have become increasingly familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/d78d5e24-4dc6-40fc-b2b6-787d143d3803?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: matt-school-threats\" width=\"800\" height=\"860\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the 2002-03 and 2006-07 academic terms – the first five school years in the database – threats of violence resulted in closures at 117 schools. Among them: \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/YUBA-CITY-A-copycat-threat-shuts-city-schools-2600940.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the April 2007 “copycat” threat\u003c/a> that prompted systemwide closures in Yuba and Sutter counties after a 28-year-old man allegedly vowed to commit a massacre that “would make Virginia Tech look mild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the last five school years, such threats have forced school closures in more than 1,100 schools. Among them: a December 2015 bomb threat shortly after the terrorist shooting in San Bernardino that caused California’s largest school district, Los Angeles Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-all-lausd-schools-closed-threat-20151215-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to close all its schools for one day. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>With increased threats, though, closures are just part of the picture.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California also keeps separate records of incidents in which a school stays open but reports a sudden “material decrease” in attendance. CalMatters also studied those records, which describe emergencies that lead to attendance drops of more than 10% at a school site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to student safety, those records show, mere threats of violence are increasingly keeping students home in significant numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/786ed5ee-703e-49b1-921b-3cb14fe9c7bf?src=embed\" title=\"DISASTER DAYS - Reported Threat Absences\" width=\"800\" height=\"836\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the five school years from 2002 to 2007, some 11,400 student absences in 54 California schools were reported as part of “material decreases” in attendance. Since 2014, threat-related incidents have resulted in roughly 90,800 reported student absences in 300 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2012-13 school year — the year of Connecticut’s Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting — 51 California schools reported roughly 13,600 student absences as a result of violent threats, CalMatters found. And after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-all-lausd-schools-closed-threat-20151215-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2015 Los Angeles Unified bomb threat\u003c/a>, attendance at some neighboring districts dipped markedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Crumbling schools are costing kids class time.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>CalMatters also identified at least 370 instances in which schools had to close because of breakdowns in school facilities. They included closures of schools with broken water pipes and harmful traces of mold or asbestos, as well as schools that couldn’t safely operate because of other dilapidated facilities like broken septic tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation reflects, among other things the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/10/california-school-bonds-favor-richer-communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">glaring inequities in facilities\u003c/a> at public schools in California. Of the districts represented in this pool of closures, 54 had not passed a single local bond in more than two decades, according to a separate \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/10/california-school-bonds-favor-richer-communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalMatters database of local school-bond funding.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/404bdb20-7629-40b7-80ed-f2ae72ad6917?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: DISASTER DAYS - Facilities school bond chart\" width=\"800\" height=\"840\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local bonds are the driving force behind school facilities funding in California, influencing how much the district receives in matching state bond funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the remaining 115 school districts in this group, 75 had less than the average amount – about $19,000-per-student – in funding from local bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lawmakers are playing catch-up.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After the 2017 Tubbs Fire in California’s wine country displaced nearly 1,500 students and 250 educators in school systems across Sonoma County, legislators started extending existing school funding protections for districts particularly impacted by wildfire. School funding, which is tied to attendance, was protected for three years in Santa Rosa, and, after the 2018 Camp Fire, in Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state and local education officials say more comprehensive solutions — and more assistance — are needed. Suggestions made in interviews with CalMatters include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Require schools to make up at least some instructional days lost to emergency closures.\u003c/strong> Right now, that’s optional, and make-up days cost school districts money. CalMatters’ analysis found that some districts — in the Lake County community of Middletown, for instance — have lost five weeks of school time over the past four years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nProtect state funding for schools shut down by disasters more uniformly, and for longer periods.\u003c/strong> Schools affected by wildfires say the impact is far more intense than Californians realize, and lasts longer because fires are more fierce and frequent. Fourteen of the 20 most destructive fires in state history have occurred in the last 12 years. Though the state has extended financial aid to the hardest-hit districts, assistance has been case-by-case, and so far only for up to three years. Paradise’s superintendent, for instance, has already said schools will need a longer grace period to avoid steep cuts to services and programs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Get serious about school-based mental health, especially in wildfire country.\u003c/strong> It isn’t just about funding, though that’s a big part of it, school officials say. Mental health professionals can be hard to find in rural parts of the state, where recent fires have done some of the most damage. Climate-driven crises appear to be happening closer together. And long after schools reopen after a disaster, teachers and students say they continue to struggle for normalcy.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the background during President Trump’s swing through California on Tuesday was his administration’s \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretrumpemissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to kill the state’s authority to set tailpipe emission standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A formal announcement is reportedly set to happen at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters in Washington, D.C., on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the big environmental fight between California and the Trump administration that has been anticipated for months. (Not to be confused with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946560/atty-gen-becerra-it-does-seem-like-you-are-fighting-trump-on-the-environment-at-every-turn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scores of other environmental fights\u003c/a> between said parties.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Attorney General Xavier Becerra has another lawsuit ready to go, judging by the Twitter chest-thumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/XavierBecerra/status/1174059284352471040\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems like California is going to need all the chest-thumping we can manage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2 p.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may be nowhere else in the world where people get more excited the day they see the season's first few drops of moisture splash into the bottom of a rain gauge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Bay Area, that semi-official holiday is today. Before dawn, a cold front brought a widespread spritzing to many locations throughout the nine-county region. A few locations, mostly at higher elevations, got a genuine early-season soaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A puddle on the pavement? Precipitation pattering on the roof? Cause for remarking, if not rejoicing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/lisaeckstein/status/1173654582968193024?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sj_ellison/status/1173619929947312129?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of 10 a.m. Monday, some East Bay peaks and ridges had received about half an inch. Totals closer to the San Francisco/San Pablo Bay shoreline were lighter, and were generally less than a tenth of an inch. An exception: Berkeley and Oakland both recorded around .15 of an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a list of some notable totals:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Bay Area Rainfall\" aria-label=\"Long Table\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mAWDs/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"600\" height=\"972\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of California's northwestern corner got more than an inch of rain. Gasquet, on the Smith River east of Crescent City, got 1.24 inches. Crescent City recorded .73, and Eureka .68. Some parts of the Sierra Nevada foothills near the I-80 corridor got a genuine dumping, with Auburn reporting .95 of an inch, Grass Valley .87 and Blue Canyon .81.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farthest south precipitation was recorded was Big Sur, which received .04 of an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from the novelty of seeing rain — San Francisco's last measurable precipitation was May 26, some 113 days ago — what's the impact of the mini-storm, and what's the outlook for more wet weather?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook:\u003c/strong> There is a chance for more rain in Northern California late Tuesday into Wednesday, but the National Weather Service says the highest probability for showers is well to our north. After that, warm, dry and windy weather is forecast later in the week into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire season:\u003c/strong> The rain will have only a brief dampening impact on wildfire danger in the region. Seasonal warm, dry weather will dry things out pretty quickly. And our biggest driver of extreme fire risk — the hot, gusty Diablo winds that dramatically increase fire danger and trigger red flag warnings — typically remains a threat at least into the last days of October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that a stretch of the eastern Sierra Nevada south of Lake Tahoe is currently under a red flag warning because of high winds connected with the storm front that passed through the Bay Area on Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Snow:\u003c/strong> The western flank of the Sierra up to the highest peaks and ridges are getting little snow. Not enough to ski on, though, and it probably won't stick around for long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A rare occurrence?\u003c/strong> Is September rain in the Bay Area unusual? Not hardly, according to South Bay meteorologist Jan Null, the man who literally wrote the book (a master's thesis, actually) on San Francisco rainfall climatology. In the 170 Septembers in the city's weather record, rain has fallen in about two-thirds of them. Here's his Sunday tweet with the stats:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ggweather/status/1173410807817764865?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Rain falls in the Bay Area for the first time since May 26 — or 113 days, if you're into streaks. But no, it will not be enough to end Northern California's fire season. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>As of 10 a.m. Monday, some East Bay peaks and ridges had received about half an inch. Totals closer to the San Francisco/San Pablo Bay shoreline were lighter, and were generally less than a tenth of an inch. An exception: Berkeley and Oakland both recorded around .15 of an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a list of some notable totals:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Bay Area Rainfall\" aria-label=\"Long Table\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mAWDs/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"600\" height=\"972\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of California's northwestern corner got more than an inch of rain. Gasquet, on the Smith River east of Crescent City, got 1.24 inches. Crescent City recorded .73, and Eureka .68. Some parts of the Sierra Nevada foothills near the I-80 corridor got a genuine dumping, with Auburn reporting .95 of an inch, Grass Valley .87 and Blue Canyon .81.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farthest south precipitation was recorded was Big Sur, which received .04 of an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from the novelty of seeing rain — San Francisco's last measurable precipitation was May 26, some 113 days ago — what's the impact of the mini-storm, and what's the outlook for more wet weather?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook:\u003c/strong> There is a chance for more rain in Northern California late Tuesday into Wednesday, but the National Weather Service says the highest probability for showers is well to our north. After that, warm, dry and windy weather is forecast later in the week into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire season:\u003c/strong> The rain will have only a brief dampening impact on wildfire danger in the region. Seasonal warm, dry weather will dry things out pretty quickly. And our biggest driver of extreme fire risk — the hot, gusty Diablo winds that dramatically increase fire danger and trigger red flag warnings — typically remains a threat at least into the last days of October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that a stretch of the eastern Sierra Nevada south of Lake Tahoe is currently under a red flag warning because of high winds connected with the storm front that passed through the Bay Area on Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Snow:\u003c/strong> The western flank of the Sierra up to the highest peaks and ridges are getting little snow. Not enough to ski on, though, and it probably won't stick around for long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A rare occurrence?\u003c/strong> Is September rain in the Bay Area unusual? Not hardly, according to South Bay meteorologist Jan Null, the man who literally wrote the book (a master's thesis, actually) on San Francisco rainfall climatology. In the 170 Septembers in the city's weather record, rain has fallen in about two-thirds of them. Here's his Sunday tweet with the stats:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What Passed? What Didn't? Catch Up With the California Legislature as Session Ends",
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"headTitle": "What Passed? What Didn’t? Catch Up With the California Legislature as Session Ends | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The final day of session for the California State Legislature was disrupted late Friday afternoon when a woman in the Senate gallery \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/0ff009de977741e0abdd8568d9d80a29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tossed\u003c/a> what the California Highway Patrol said was a substance that “appeared to be blood” onto the Senate floor while yelling “That’s for the dead babies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Sen. Steve Glazer (D-Orinda) said the liquid landed on his head and splashed onto five other senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman, identified as 43-year-old Rebecca Dalelio of Santa Cruz County, is linked to some of the anti-vaccine protesters demonstrating in recent weeks over the passage of Senate Bills 276 and 714 aimed at tightening up medical exemptions for children’s vaccines. She was arrested and charged with assault, vandalism and disrupting the business at hand in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHP cordoned off the Senate, forcing lawmakers, media and others to move into a committee room to finish its business hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the highlights from this legislative session, including bills that have already been signed into law, are awaiting signature or are in limbo until next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Children’s Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 378:\u003c/strong> In-home child care providers would be allowed to unionize under this measure. Supporters said unionizing could give child care workers a voice and encourage them to stay in the industry. The bill has made it through the Legislature. Several similar bills have either died or been vetoed by governors in the past. But supporters are hoping this measure will be signed by Governor Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 337/AB 1092:\u003c/strong> Lawmakers sent Newsom two bills aimed at making sure more low-income kids in California benefit from child support payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a quarter of a million California families only receive $50 a month in child support payments, even if the non-custodial parent is paying hundreds of dollars more each month in child support. This happens when a family is also receiving government assistance, like welfare or Medi-Cal. The government takes the rest of the money to repay the public for the cost of those safety net programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And parents that fail to pay their required child support on time see huge interest added to those debts — 10% a year. In addition to the crippling debt that racks up, parents can also lose their driver’s license, or go to jail if they fall too far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bills now on Newsom’s desk would change that: Oakland Sen. Nancy Skinner’s SB337 will increase the amount of child support paid to families on welfare assistance. Families with one child will get $100 a month under the bill; families with two or more kids will receive $200 a month. And AB 1092 will end the practice of adding interest to child support debt. Both bills, if signed by Newsom, will take effect in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 24:\u003c/strong> State lawmakers have passed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772337/california-again-considers-making-abortion-pills-available-at-public-colleges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that would require student health centers at all 34 state campuses to provide medication abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the measure becomes law, it will be the first of its kind in the U.S. The bill’s supporters say they want to remove the obstacles women face accessing medical abortion off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a consortium of women’s groups that support abortion rights has promised to pay for all the required ultrasound equipment and upfront training costs of providing the abortion pill on campus, eventually universities would likely need to dip into tax dollars or student fees for ongoing costs — which abortion opponents object to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 276/SB 714:\u003c/strong> California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11773308/anti-vaccine-protesters-swarm-capitol-as-lawmakers-pass-bill-limiting-medical-exemptions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pair of bills\u003c/a> into law earlier this week to crack down on doctors who write fraudulent medical exemptions for schoolchildren’s vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news laws would create state oversight of medical exemptions for vaccines required by most schools and day care centers in California. Under them, the state would begin collecting medical exemptions electronically by Jan. 1, 2021. But health department officials would review them only when a school’s immunization rate falls below 95% or when a doctor writes more than five medical exemptions per year (beginning in 2020).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The laws would also allow officials to revoke any medical exemptions written by doctors who have faced disciplinary action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since being introduced last year, hundreds of parents have protested the legislation, insisting it would disrupt confidential doctor-patient relationships and scare doctors from writing new exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 343:\u003c/strong> Under legislation signed into law last week, Kaiser Permanente will have to share more information — like other insurers do — on revenue and expenses at each of its facilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article234806097.html#storylink=cpy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reported. The legislation was introduced on behalf of Kaiser’s largest union, the Service Employees International Union, which has been in contract negotiations for roughly a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Housing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1482\u003c/strong> marks the biggest victory for California renter protections in decades. It would create a statewide limit on rent increases of 5% plus inflation, and requires that landlords provide a “just cause” when evicting tenants who have been renting for a year. The limits on rent hikes don’t go nearly as far as local rent control laws in places like San Francisco and Oakland, but it would cover millions of Californians whose units don’t already have such protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure exempts units under 15 years old, but it was opposed by real estate agents who argued that the legislation would discourage construction of rental housing. Newsom has committed to signing the bill, which will sunset after 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1487\u003c/strong>, which has been sent to Newsom, would allow for a Bay Area regional ballot measure to raise money for affordable housing. Previous measures on ballots in the nine counties have raised taxes to pay for transportation and bay restoration. The executive board of the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) would decide what form a potential revenue-raising measure would take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 330\u003c/strong>, which has been sent to Newsom, would prohibit local governments from downzoning by either placing a moratorium on development or lowering the number of housing units permitted. It also would speed up the permitting process for development. The provision sunsets after five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Law Enforcement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 22\u003c/strong> requires prompt testing of newly collected rape kits in Califonia. Under the bill, new rape kits must be submitted for testing within 20 days and actually tested with 120 days. The bill’s author, Senator Connie Leyva (D-Chino) says the measure would help solve crimes and prevent testing backlogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Survivors should never have to wait years or even decades for their rape kits to be tested and it is outrageous that collected evidence could ever sit on a shelf untested,” Leyva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 230 \u003c/strong>is meant to reduce the use of force among law enforcement agencies. Governor Newsom has signed it into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law requires agencies to maintain a policy providing guidelines on the use of force. That policy must also include de-escalation techniques and other alternatives to force, and specific guidelines for when deadly force can be used. In addition, the agencies’ policies must include a way to evaluate and review all use- of-force incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 230\u003c/strong> is meant to be used in conjunction with \u003cstrong>AB 392\u003c/strong>, which Newsom signed into law in August. It states law enforcement can use deadly force only when “necessary,” rather than just “reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 61\u003c/strong> would expand the scope of people able to request a gun violence restraining order against a person they believe is a danger to themselves or others. Currently, only immediate family members and police are allowed to make a request. This measure would allow employers, co-workers, schoolteachers and employees to request a restraining order as well. The legislation has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1215\u003c/strong> places a three-year ban on the use of facial recognition technology on body cameras by the state and local law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was supported by the ACLU, which said the technology is not ready for prime time. To prove its point, the ACLU entered photos of all 120 state legislators into a database of mugshots. The software incorrectly identified 26 of the lawmakers as criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Oakland have already passed similar legislation. The bill has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prisons\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 32\u003c/strong> would ban the use of private for-profit prisons and detention centers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill author Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) said there’s no room for the facilities in the state. “California should not be home to companies that are profiteering from the tearing of innocent children from their families. This is inhumane and goes against who we are as Californians and Americans,” Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the measure would reduce the state’s options for dealing with prison overcrowding and put more pressure on local jails to hold dangerous inmates. The legislation has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 132,\u003c/strong> which would allow transgender prisoners in the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) to be housed according to their gender identity, and not their sex assigned at birth, will be carried over to the next session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would be the third state in the nation to pass such legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s sponsor, Sen. Scott Wiener of San Francisco, said the coalition supporting the legislation had decided to make it a two-year bill so they could “come to a solution that works for” the community, CDCR and Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transgender people in our prison system are among the most marginalized people in society, and we must protect them,” he said Friday in a statement. “Over the fall recess, I will join community leaders to visit several state prisons to meet with transgender people who are incarcerated there. This listening tour will help us craft the best legislation possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 136\u003c/strong> is part of a larger push in California to roll back tough on crime laws that helped pack prisons and jails to the brim and resulted in ballooning corrections spending in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would end the practice of automatically adding an extra year to a defendant’s sentence if they had previously served time for a felony. Wiener said 11,000 people currently in prison have this extra year tacked on at a cost of $80,000 a year. State officials estimate that the change would save taxpayers $80 million a year. The legislation has passed the Legislature and is heading to the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 792\u003c/strong> would establish a minimum level of recycled content – 50% – in plastic bottles by 2035. On Monday, Assemblyman Phil Ting introduced another bill, \u003cstrong>AB 54\u003c/strong>, to bring temporary relief to cities feeling the bite from the sudden closure of recycling centers across the state. The bill provides $10 million for recycling centers and gives grocers a reprieve from paying some recycling fees. Both bills passed the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 1\u003c/strong> is aimed at blunting any weakening of federal environmental laws in California by the Trump Administration. It was sent to Gov. Newsom early Saturday morning with strong backing from environmental groups, despite vigorous objections from Sen. Dianne Feinstein and some water groups who warned against creating two sets of environmental standards. If signed by the governor (or allowed to take effect without his signature) it would replace any federal environmental regulation (Clean Power Plan, Endangered Species Act, etc.) with a state alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1080 and SB 54:\u003c/strong> The legislative session ended without passage of the bills, which would have enacted the strongest plastic pollution rules in the U.S. The bills are eligible to be considered next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan required plastics manufacturers to take responsibility for the fate of their products — from coffee cup lids to takeout boxes to plastic packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses would have had to ensure that plastic forks, for example, are recyclable or face a potential ban. If the bill had passed, all of the state’s single-use plastic utensils would need to be recyclable or compostable by 2030, and companies must reduce waste from plastic packaging by 75%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 160:\u003c/strong> This bill mandates that counties include “cultural competence” into emergency plans. It’s partially a response to elderly and non-English-speaking residents who missed emergency alerts during the state’s recent wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which has been sent to Newsom for his signature, calls for local communities to hold public forums that represent residents of many backgrounds when counties plan their emergency protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 520\u003c/strong> would give utilities like PG&E the designation of “provider of last resort” in the areas they serve. Utilities already enjoy that privilege in practice, but the law sponsored by Sen. Robert Hertzberg would enshrine it in the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the bill could limit the options that cities and counties have to wrest control from utilities and run them municipally, and limit opportunities for community choice aggregation just as they are starting to thrive. The legislation has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Notable Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 206:\u003c/strong> NBA icon LeBron James threw his weight behind SB 206, the “Fair Pay to Play” bill by East Bay Sen. Nancy Skinner that would allow student-athletes at all four-year colleges in California to sign endorsement deals and receive compensation for the use of their names, images or likenesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But NCAA President Mark Emmert wrote in a letter to Newsom that signing the legislation could make it “impossible to host fair national championships.” He also implied that if the bill became law, athletes at California schools could be barred from competing in NCAA national championships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the Senate and the Assembly passed the bill without any opposition. Now — will LeBron be there for the bill signing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 44: \u003c/strong>Anti-fur advocates have long sought a ban on killing animals for their fur. And if Newsom signs this bill, which he said he will in a tweet, California will become the first state in the nation to ban the creation of new fur products. Republican critics said the state was once again telling Californians what they can and cannot do (the nanny state argument) and that it was disrespectful to Native Americans, whose cultures value fur. The mink, rabbit and coyote communities are no doubt pleased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1505\u003c/strong> seeks to more closely regulate California’s 1,300 charter schools. It would allow school districts to consider the impact to the community and the neighborhood schools when reviewing applications for new or expanded charter schools. It would require charter school teachers to be credentialed and establishes a two-year moratorium on non-classroom based charter schools. The legislation has been sent to Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 313:\u003c/strong> Another victory for furry citizens of California, this bill would ban the use of wild animals in circus acts, including bears, elephants, tigers and monkeys. If signed by Newsom, California will become the third state after New Jersey and Hawaii to enact such a ban.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From crackdowns on fake medical exemptions for schoolchildren's vaccinations to reducing the use of force among law enforcement agencies, here is some of the notable legislation from lawmakers this year.",
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"title": "What Passed? What Didn't? Catch Up With the California Legislature as Session Ends | KQED",
"description": "From crackdowns on fake medical exemptions for schoolchildren's vaccinations to reducing the use of force among law enforcement agencies, here is some of the notable legislation from lawmakers this year.",
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"headline": "What Passed? What Didn't? Catch Up With the California Legislature as Session Ends",
"datePublished": "2019-09-13T15:16:57-07:00",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The final day of session for the California State Legislature was disrupted late Friday afternoon when a woman in the Senate gallery \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/0ff009de977741e0abdd8568d9d80a29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tossed\u003c/a> what the California Highway Patrol said was a substance that “appeared to be blood” onto the Senate floor while yelling “That’s for the dead babies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay Sen. Steve Glazer (D-Orinda) said the liquid landed on his head and splashed onto five other senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman, identified as 43-year-old Rebecca Dalelio of Santa Cruz County, is linked to some of the anti-vaccine protesters demonstrating in recent weeks over the passage of Senate Bills 276 and 714 aimed at tightening up medical exemptions for children’s vaccines. She was arrested and charged with assault, vandalism and disrupting the business at hand in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHP cordoned off the Senate, forcing lawmakers, media and others to move into a committee room to finish its business hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some of the highlights from this legislative session, including bills that have already been signed into law, are awaiting signature or are in limbo until next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Children’s Issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 378:\u003c/strong> In-home child care providers would be allowed to unionize under this measure. Supporters said unionizing could give child care workers a voice and encourage them to stay in the industry. The bill has made it through the Legislature. Several similar bills have either died or been vetoed by governors in the past. But supporters are hoping this measure will be signed by Governor Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 337/AB 1092:\u003c/strong> Lawmakers sent Newsom two bills aimed at making sure more low-income kids in California benefit from child support payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, a quarter of a million California families only receive $50 a month in child support payments, even if the non-custodial parent is paying hundreds of dollars more each month in child support. This happens when a family is also receiving government assistance, like welfare or Medi-Cal. The government takes the rest of the money to repay the public for the cost of those safety net programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And parents that fail to pay their required child support on time see huge interest added to those debts — 10% a year. In addition to the crippling debt that racks up, parents can also lose their driver’s license, or go to jail if they fall too far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bills now on Newsom’s desk would change that: Oakland Sen. Nancy Skinner’s SB337 will increase the amount of child support paid to families on welfare assistance. Families with one child will get $100 a month under the bill; families with two or more kids will receive $200 a month. And AB 1092 will end the practice of adding interest to child support debt. Both bills, if signed by Newsom, will take effect in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 24:\u003c/strong> State lawmakers have passed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772337/california-again-considers-making-abortion-pills-available-at-public-colleges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that would require student health centers at all 34 state campuses to provide medication abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the measure becomes law, it will be the first of its kind in the U.S. The bill’s supporters say they want to remove the obstacles women face accessing medical abortion off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a consortium of women’s groups that support abortion rights has promised to pay for all the required ultrasound equipment and upfront training costs of providing the abortion pill on campus, eventually universities would likely need to dip into tax dollars or student fees for ongoing costs — which abortion opponents object to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 276/SB 714:\u003c/strong> California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11773308/anti-vaccine-protesters-swarm-capitol-as-lawmakers-pass-bill-limiting-medical-exemptions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pair of bills\u003c/a> into law earlier this week to crack down on doctors who write fraudulent medical exemptions for schoolchildren’s vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news laws would create state oversight of medical exemptions for vaccines required by most schools and day care centers in California. Under them, the state would begin collecting medical exemptions electronically by Jan. 1, 2021. But health department officials would review them only when a school’s immunization rate falls below 95% or when a doctor writes more than five medical exemptions per year (beginning in 2020).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The laws would also allow officials to revoke any medical exemptions written by doctors who have faced disciplinary action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since being introduced last year, hundreds of parents have protested the legislation, insisting it would disrupt confidential doctor-patient relationships and scare doctors from writing new exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 343:\u003c/strong> Under legislation signed into law last week, Kaiser Permanente will have to share more information — like other insurers do — on revenue and expenses at each of its facilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/health-and-medicine/article234806097.html#storylink=cpy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reported. The legislation was introduced on behalf of Kaiser’s largest union, the Service Employees International Union, which has been in contract negotiations for roughly a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Housing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1482\u003c/strong> marks the biggest victory for California renter protections in decades. It would create a statewide limit on rent increases of 5% plus inflation, and requires that landlords provide a “just cause” when evicting tenants who have been renting for a year. The limits on rent hikes don’t go nearly as far as local rent control laws in places like San Francisco and Oakland, but it would cover millions of Californians whose units don’t already have such protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure exempts units under 15 years old, but it was opposed by real estate agents who argued that the legislation would discourage construction of rental housing. Newsom has committed to signing the bill, which will sunset after 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1487\u003c/strong>, which has been sent to Newsom, would allow for a Bay Area regional ballot measure to raise money for affordable housing. Previous measures on ballots in the nine counties have raised taxes to pay for transportation and bay restoration. The executive board of the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) would decide what form a potential revenue-raising measure would take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 330\u003c/strong>, which has been sent to Newsom, would prohibit local governments from downzoning by either placing a moratorium on development or lowering the number of housing units permitted. It also would speed up the permitting process for development. The provision sunsets after five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Law Enforcement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 22\u003c/strong> requires prompt testing of newly collected rape kits in Califonia. Under the bill, new rape kits must be submitted for testing within 20 days and actually tested with 120 days. The bill’s author, Senator Connie Leyva (D-Chino) says the measure would help solve crimes and prevent testing backlogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Survivors should never have to wait years or even decades for their rape kits to be tested and it is outrageous that collected evidence could ever sit on a shelf untested,” Leyva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 230 \u003c/strong>is meant to reduce the use of force among law enforcement agencies. Governor Newsom has signed it into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law requires agencies to maintain a policy providing guidelines on the use of force. That policy must also include de-escalation techniques and other alternatives to force, and specific guidelines for when deadly force can be used. In addition, the agencies’ policies must include a way to evaluate and review all use- of-force incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 230\u003c/strong> is meant to be used in conjunction with \u003cstrong>AB 392\u003c/strong>, which Newsom signed into law in August. It states law enforcement can use deadly force only when “necessary,” rather than just “reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 61\u003c/strong> would expand the scope of people able to request a gun violence restraining order against a person they believe is a danger to themselves or others. Currently, only immediate family members and police are allowed to make a request. This measure would allow employers, co-workers, schoolteachers and employees to request a restraining order as well. The legislation has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1215\u003c/strong> places a three-year ban on the use of facial recognition technology on body cameras by the state and local law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was supported by the ACLU, which said the technology is not ready for prime time. To prove its point, the ACLU entered photos of all 120 state legislators into a database of mugshots. The software incorrectly identified 26 of the lawmakers as criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco and Oakland have already passed similar legislation. The bill has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prisons\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 32\u003c/strong> would ban the use of private for-profit prisons and detention centers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill author Rob Bonta (D-Oakland) said there’s no room for the facilities in the state. “California should not be home to companies that are profiteering from the tearing of innocent children from their families. This is inhumane and goes against who we are as Californians and Americans,” Bonta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the measure would reduce the state’s options for dealing with prison overcrowding and put more pressure on local jails to hold dangerous inmates. The legislation has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 132,\u003c/strong> which would allow transgender prisoners in the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) to be housed according to their gender identity, and not their sex assigned at birth, will be carried over to the next session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would be the third state in the nation to pass such legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s sponsor, Sen. Scott Wiener of San Francisco, said the coalition supporting the legislation had decided to make it a two-year bill so they could “come to a solution that works for” the community, CDCR and Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transgender people in our prison system are among the most marginalized people in society, and we must protect them,” he said Friday in a statement. “Over the fall recess, I will join community leaders to visit several state prisons to meet with transgender people who are incarcerated there. This listening tour will help us craft the best legislation possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 136\u003c/strong> is part of a larger push in California to roll back tough on crime laws that helped pack prisons and jails to the brim and resulted in ballooning corrections spending in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would end the practice of automatically adding an extra year to a defendant’s sentence if they had previously served time for a felony. Wiener said 11,000 people currently in prison have this extra year tacked on at a cost of $80,000 a year. State officials estimate that the change would save taxpayers $80 million a year. The legislation has passed the Legislature and is heading to the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Environment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 792\u003c/strong> would establish a minimum level of recycled content – 50% – in plastic bottles by 2035. On Monday, Assemblyman Phil Ting introduced another bill, \u003cstrong>AB 54\u003c/strong>, to bring temporary relief to cities feeling the bite from the sudden closure of recycling centers across the state. The bill provides $10 million for recycling centers and gives grocers a reprieve from paying some recycling fees. Both bills passed the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 1\u003c/strong> is aimed at blunting any weakening of federal environmental laws in California by the Trump Administration. It was sent to Gov. Newsom early Saturday morning with strong backing from environmental groups, despite vigorous objections from Sen. Dianne Feinstein and some water groups who warned against creating two sets of environmental standards. If signed by the governor (or allowed to take effect without his signature) it would replace any federal environmental regulation (Clean Power Plan, Endangered Species Act, etc.) with a state alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1080 and SB 54:\u003c/strong> The legislative session ended without passage of the bills, which would have enacted the strongest plastic pollution rules in the U.S. The bills are eligible to be considered next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan required plastics manufacturers to take responsibility for the fate of their products — from coffee cup lids to takeout boxes to plastic packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses would have had to ensure that plastic forks, for example, are recyclable or face a potential ban. If the bill had passed, all of the state’s single-use plastic utensils would need to be recyclable or compostable by 2030, and companies must reduce waste from plastic packaging by 75%.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 160:\u003c/strong> This bill mandates that counties include “cultural competence” into emergency plans. It’s partially a response to elderly and non-English-speaking residents who missed emergency alerts during the state’s recent wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which has been sent to Newsom for his signature, calls for local communities to hold public forums that represent residents of many backgrounds when counties plan their emergency protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 520\u003c/strong> would give utilities like PG&E the designation of “provider of last resort” in the areas they serve. Utilities already enjoy that privilege in practice, but the law sponsored by Sen. Robert Hertzberg would enshrine it in the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the bill could limit the options that cities and counties have to wrest control from utilities and run them municipally, and limit opportunities for community choice aggregation just as they are starting to thrive. The legislation has been sent to Newsom for his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Notable Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 206:\u003c/strong> NBA icon LeBron James threw his weight behind SB 206, the “Fair Pay to Play” bill by East Bay Sen. Nancy Skinner that would allow student-athletes at all four-year colleges in California to sign endorsement deals and receive compensation for the use of their names, images or likenesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But NCAA President Mark Emmert wrote in a letter to Newsom that signing the legislation could make it “impossible to host fair national championships.” He also implied that if the bill became law, athletes at California schools could be barred from competing in NCAA national championships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the Senate and the Assembly passed the bill without any opposition. Now — will LeBron be there for the bill signing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 44: \u003c/strong>Anti-fur advocates have long sought a ban on killing animals for their fur. And if Newsom signs this bill, which he said he will in a tweet, California will become the first state in the nation to ban the creation of new fur products. Republican critics said the state was once again telling Californians what they can and cannot do (the nanny state argument) and that it was disrespectful to Native Americans, whose cultures value fur. The mink, rabbit and coyote communities are no doubt pleased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1505\u003c/strong> seeks to more closely regulate California’s 1,300 charter schools. It would allow school districts to consider the impact to the community and the neighborhood schools when reviewing applications for new or expanded charter schools. It would require charter school teachers to be credentialed and establishes a two-year moratorium on non-classroom based charter schools. The legislation has been sent to Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 313:\u003c/strong> Another victory for furry citizens of California, this bill would ban the use of wild animals in circus acts, including bears, elephants, tigers and monkeys. If signed by Newsom, California will become the third state after New Jersey and Hawaii to enact such a ban.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PG&E, Insurance Companies Strike $11 Billion Deal to Settle Wildfire Claims",
"title": "PG&E, Insurance Companies Strike $11 Billion Deal to Settle Wildfire Claims",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. Friday, Sept. 13\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has cleared another major hurdle in its quest to settle claims related to the devastating Northern California fires the utility caused in 2017 and 2018, announcing a proposed $11 billion settlement with insurance companies that have already paid victims of those disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement is a big step toward what PG&E needs to do to exit bankruptcy protection by next June – a deadline set by a recently enacted law that will allow the company to participate in a new, state-run wildfire insurance fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11773137, news_11772725,news_11763100,news_11767619,news_11760618\" label=\"PG&E's Wildfire and Bankruptcy Struggles\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement announced Friday is between PG&E and a group of insurers known as the ad hoc subrogation group that has been formally recognized in bankruptcy court as one of the company's major creditors. The group holds 85% of uninsured insurance claims from the 2017 and 2018 fires, which destroyed more than 20,000 homes and killed 130 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s settlement is another step in doing what’s right for the communities, businesses and individuals affected by the devastating wildfires,” PG&E CEO Bill Johnson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we work to resolve the remaining claims of those who’ve suffered, we are also focused on safely and reliably delivering energy to our customers, improving our systems and infrastructure, and continuing to support California’s clean energy goals,\" Johnson said. \"We are committed to becoming the utility our customers deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement does not cover individual wildfire victims who have sued PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire victims' attorney Amanda Riddle was highly critical of the settlement, which she said came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are putting the needs of victims to the bottom – it is their last priority and that speaks volumes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement amount of $11 billion, which is intended to settle all insurance company claims and is subject to final approval by U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Dennis Montali, is much less than the $20 billion in claims filed by members of the ad hoc subrogation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the ad hoc subrogation group said that while the agreement falls far short of its unsecured claims, \"We hope that this compromise will pave the way for a plan of reorganization that allows PG&E to fairly compensate all victims and emerge from Chapter 11 by the June 2020 legislative deadline.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the $11 billion settlement figure is substantially more than what the company proposed in a reorganization plan filed with the bankruptcy court just four days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under that plan, the company proposed paying insurance companies $8.5 billion. In its Friday statement, PG&E said it will secure additional equity financing to cover the higher settlement amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has yet to come to terms with the tens of thousands of individual wildfire victims who have sued PG&E in the wake of fires that ravaged communities across Northern California in October 2017 and November 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for those plaintiffs were highly critical of PG&E's reorganization plan, which called for paying individual plaintiffs $8.4 billion. Some victims' lawyers dismissed that amount as \"woefully inadequate\" and \"a joke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs' attorney Riddle said there could be as many as 50,000 victims who file claims through the bankruptcy court by the Oct. 21 deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddle estimated that those victims should be entitled to as much as $30 billion to $33 billion based on past PG&E settlements with individual plaintiffs, which she said have run about three times the amount paid to insurance companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire plaintiffs are also formally recognized in bankruptcy court as a PG&E creditor, and their attorneys continue to negotiate a settlement with the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a large group of plaintiffs -- those who suffered losses in the catastrophic 2017 Tubbs Fire that destroyed more than 5,000 homes and killed 22 people in Sonoma County -- will head to San Francisco Superior Court this fall to argue that PG&E should be held liable for that fire. State fire investigators have determined that a private property owner, not PG&E, sparked that blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with all the uncertainties surrounding the individual victims' cases, the proposed deal with insurers represents one major box that PG&E needed to check off as it works to exit bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updates\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>*9:35 a.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> Story updated to clarify that the proposed agreement is with the ad hoc subrogation group but is intended to satisfy all outstanding insurance company claims against PG&E arising from the 2017-18 wildfires.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>*10 a.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> Update to include comments from individual wildfire plaintiffs' attorney Amanda Riddle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The proposed settlement, which still needs court approval, represents a major milestone in the company's attempt to address liabilities from 2017 and 2018 fires and emerge from bankruptcy. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. Friday, Sept. 13\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has cleared another major hurdle in its quest to settle claims related to the devastating Northern California fires the utility caused in 2017 and 2018, announcing a proposed $11 billion settlement with insurance companies that have already paid victims of those disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement is a big step toward what PG&E needs to do to exit bankruptcy protection by next June – a deadline set by a recently enacted law that will allow the company to participate in a new, state-run wildfire insurance fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement announced Friday is between PG&E and a group of insurers known as the ad hoc subrogation group that has been formally recognized in bankruptcy court as one of the company's major creditors. The group holds 85% of uninsured insurance claims from the 2017 and 2018 fires, which destroyed more than 20,000 homes and killed 130 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s settlement is another step in doing what’s right for the communities, businesses and individuals affected by the devastating wildfires,” PG&E CEO Bill Johnson said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we work to resolve the remaining claims of those who’ve suffered, we are also focused on safely and reliably delivering energy to our customers, improving our systems and infrastructure, and continuing to support California’s clean energy goals,\" Johnson said. \"We are committed to becoming the utility our customers deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement does not cover individual wildfire victims who have sued PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire victims' attorney Amanda Riddle was highly critical of the settlement, which she said came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are putting the needs of victims to the bottom – it is their last priority and that speaks volumes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement amount of $11 billion, which is intended to settle all insurance company claims and is subject to final approval by U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Dennis Montali, is much less than the $20 billion in claims filed by members of the ad hoc subrogation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the ad hoc subrogation group said that while the agreement falls far short of its unsecured claims, \"We hope that this compromise will pave the way for a plan of reorganization that allows PG&E to fairly compensate all victims and emerge from Chapter 11 by the June 2020 legislative deadline.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the $11 billion settlement figure is substantially more than what the company proposed in a reorganization plan filed with the bankruptcy court just four days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under that plan, the company proposed paying insurance companies $8.5 billion. In its Friday statement, PG&E said it will secure additional equity financing to cover the higher settlement amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has yet to come to terms with the tens of thousands of individual wildfire victims who have sued PG&E in the wake of fires that ravaged communities across Northern California in October 2017 and November 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for those plaintiffs were highly critical of PG&E's reorganization plan, which called for paying individual plaintiffs $8.4 billion. Some victims' lawyers dismissed that amount as \"woefully inadequate\" and \"a joke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs' attorney Riddle said there could be as many as 50,000 victims who file claims through the bankruptcy court by the Oct. 21 deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddle estimated that those victims should be entitled to as much as $30 billion to $33 billion based on past PG&E settlements with individual plaintiffs, which she said have run about three times the amount paid to insurance companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire plaintiffs are also formally recognized in bankruptcy court as a PG&E creditor, and their attorneys continue to negotiate a settlement with the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, a large group of plaintiffs -- those who suffered losses in the catastrophic 2017 Tubbs Fire that destroyed more than 5,000 homes and killed 22 people in Sonoma County -- will head to San Francisco Superior Court this fall to argue that PG&E should be held liable for that fire. State fire investigators have determined that a private property owner, not PG&E, sparked that blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with all the uncertainties surrounding the individual victims' cases, the proposed deal with insurers represents one major box that PG&E needed to check off as it works to exit bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updates\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>*9:35 a.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> Story updated to clarify that the proposed agreement is with the ad hoc subrogation group but is intended to satisfy all outstanding insurance company claims against PG&E arising from the 2017-18 wildfires.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>*10 a.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> Update to include comments from individual wildfire plaintiffs' attorney Amanda Riddle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After months of back and forth with Chevron over a series of uncontrolled crude petroleum releases in a Kern County oil field, state regulators are demanding new information about its operations in the spill area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources, or DOGGR, issued \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6399743/DOGGR-Sept-10-Demand-Letter-to-Chevron.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a formal directive\u003c/a> to the San Ramon-based company Tuesday, requiring the firm to provide a wealth of technical data on its petroleum extraction practices in the Cymric oil field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those practices involve injecting steam deep underground to recover oil trapped in a rock formation beneath the field. The agency's letter said that Chevron's Cymric operations, which have been going on for decades, have not received proper regulatory clearance and need additional scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR ordered Chevron to hand over production and injection data associated with all its \"present or contemplated\" steam-injection wells in the field within the next 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Chevron said it is already supplying the data DOGGR seeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron has provided and continues to provide DOGGR with the broad scope of historical and current technical information DOGGR requested in its September 10, 2019 letter, along with DOGGR’s previous related data requests,\" Chevron spokeswoman Veronica Flores-Paniagua said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's DOGGR letter comes after the agency cited Chevron for a series of releases industry officials and state regulators call \"surface expressions\" near its wells on the southeast portion of the 11,000-acre field, 35 miles west of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those incidents include \u003ca href=\"https://kqed.org/news/11760192/chevron-well-has-leaked-a-quarter-million-gallons-of-oil-in-central-valley-since-may\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one that began in May\u003c/a> and released 1.3 million gallons of liquid, including about 400,000 gallons of crude oil, into a dry creek bed before finally stopping in early August. Another expression began later in August and by Monday, nearly 300,000 gallons of fluid had flowed to the surface, including 82,000 gallons of oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769850/state-launches-probe-into-oil-field-spills-including-one-that-started-in-2003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a notice of violation\u003c/a> for nearby group of surface expressions that have continued since 2003 and produced tens of millions of gallons of crude petroleum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has responded to the agency's violation notices, each of which ordered the company to provide detailed information on the releases, with a sequence of root-cause analyses attempting to explain what the company believes is causing the incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state regulators' letter Tuesday said the company's material \"does not demonstrate to DOGGR’s satisfaction that Chevron has taken all possible steps to mitigate and prevent the occurrence of surface expressions. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron and other energy companies operating in the area use cyclic steam injection, a process in which vast volumes of high-pressure steam are forced into oil-bearing rock formations far underground, thus freeing the crude for pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method is effective at accessing hard-to-reach oil deposits, but the history of occasional uncontrolled surface expressions illustrates one risk of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, crude petroleum from underground deposits is pumped to the surface through well bores and shipped by pipelines or tankers for processing. But that's not what's been happening around the leaking Chevron wells, where crude oil, steam and water have apparently moved laterally underground until they find a vent or create a sinkhole that allows the material to come to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR's Tuesday letter cited a series of state regulations that require operators using steam injection to demonstrate \"that injected fluid will be confined to the approved injection zone and that the underground injection project will not cause damage to life, health, property or natural resources. Chevron’s cyclic steam injection operations in the Cymric field fail to meet these criteria. ...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anneliese Anderle, a petroleum engineer who once worked in DOGGR's Bakersfield office, said that the agency appears to be reassessing whether Chevron has shown that it can safely operate steam-injection wells in the Cymric field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line, I guess, is that they're asking to get the project approval letters and all the supporting documents in place,\" Anderle said. She added that \"it seems apparent\" that DOGGR's existing approval for Chevron's oil field operations \"is flawed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There (are) not enough supporting documents,\" Anderle said. \"There has not been oversight when these wells have been approved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has said it has worked diligently to try to stop the releases and has said repeatedly that the oil flowing to the surface does not pose a danger to wildlife, water supplies or the region's agricultural sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview, Richard Hinkley, a senior executive for Chevron's Kern County operations, said the company's crews have drilled new wells and abandoned others in an attempt to alleviate pressure near the surface expressions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the company has installed advanced detection equipment to measure ground subsidence, a key indicator in monitoring steam-injection wells and the behavior of underground oil reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron is taking this very seriously,\" Hinkley said. \"Our operational goal is to prevent seeps from occurring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her Tuesday statement, Chevron's Flores-Paniagua said the company \"will continue to diligently work with DOGGR to provide additional information and data based on the schedule that we have previously agreed to with DOGGR, or as otherwise required. We have a dedicated team working to develop a holistic approach to prevent and manage seeps across our Cymric thermal diatomite operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11762863/as-chevron-gets-ready-to-appeal-state-order-kern-county-spill-continues-to-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appealed\u003c/a> an order by DOGGR to \"take all measures\" to stop the flow and prevent a recurrence of the 1Y release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR's letter comes two weeks after it announced that it was launching an investigation into operations at the Cymric oil field amid an overall crackdown on \"surface expressions\" due to a regulation that took effect in April that bans the releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spills are expected to be the subject of a joint oversight \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11762169/key-state-lawmakers-to-call-for-hearings-into-chevron-oil-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hearing\u003c/a> by the State Senate and Assembly committees on natural resources in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After months of back and forth with Chevron over a series of uncontrolled crude petroleum releases in a Kern County oil field, state regulators are demanding new information about its operations in the spill area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources, or DOGGR, issued \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6399743/DOGGR-Sept-10-Demand-Letter-to-Chevron.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a formal directive\u003c/a> to the San Ramon-based company Tuesday, requiring the firm to provide a wealth of technical data on its petroleum extraction practices in the Cymric oil field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those practices involve injecting steam deep underground to recover oil trapped in a rock formation beneath the field. The agency's letter said that Chevron's Cymric operations, which have been going on for decades, have not received proper regulatory clearance and need additional scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR ordered Chevron to hand over production and injection data associated with all its \"present or contemplated\" steam-injection wells in the field within the next 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Chevron said it is already supplying the data DOGGR seeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron has provided and continues to provide DOGGR with the broad scope of historical and current technical information DOGGR requested in its September 10, 2019 letter, along with DOGGR’s previous related data requests,\" Chevron spokeswoman Veronica Flores-Paniagua said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's DOGGR letter comes after the agency cited Chevron for a series of releases industry officials and state regulators call \"surface expressions\" near its wells on the southeast portion of the 11,000-acre field, 35 miles west of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those incidents include \u003ca href=\"https://kqed.org/news/11760192/chevron-well-has-leaked-a-quarter-million-gallons-of-oil-in-central-valley-since-may\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one that began in May\u003c/a> and released 1.3 million gallons of liquid, including about 400,000 gallons of crude oil, into a dry creek bed before finally stopping in early August. Another expression began later in August and by Monday, nearly 300,000 gallons of fluid had flowed to the surface, including 82,000 gallons of oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11769850/state-launches-probe-into-oil-field-spills-including-one-that-started-in-2003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a notice of violation\u003c/a> for nearby group of surface expressions that have continued since 2003 and produced tens of millions of gallons of crude petroleum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has responded to the agency's violation notices, each of which ordered the company to provide detailed information on the releases, with a sequence of root-cause analyses attempting to explain what the company believes is causing the incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state regulators' letter Tuesday said the company's material \"does not demonstrate to DOGGR’s satisfaction that Chevron has taken all possible steps to mitigate and prevent the occurrence of surface expressions. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron and other energy companies operating in the area use cyclic steam injection, a process in which vast volumes of high-pressure steam are forced into oil-bearing rock formations far underground, thus freeing the crude for pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method is effective at accessing hard-to-reach oil deposits, but the history of occasional uncontrolled surface expressions illustrates one risk of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, crude petroleum from underground deposits is pumped to the surface through well bores and shipped by pipelines or tankers for processing. But that's not what's been happening around the leaking Chevron wells, where crude oil, steam and water have apparently moved laterally underground until they find a vent or create a sinkhole that allows the material to come to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR's Tuesday letter cited a series of state regulations that require operators using steam injection to demonstrate \"that injected fluid will be confined to the approved injection zone and that the underground injection project will not cause damage to life, health, property or natural resources. Chevron’s cyclic steam injection operations in the Cymric field fail to meet these criteria. ...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anneliese Anderle, a petroleum engineer who once worked in DOGGR's Bakersfield office, said that the agency appears to be reassessing whether Chevron has shown that it can safely operate steam-injection wells in the Cymric field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line, I guess, is that they're asking to get the project approval letters and all the supporting documents in place,\" Anderle said. She added that \"it seems apparent\" that DOGGR's existing approval for Chevron's oil field operations \"is flawed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There (are) not enough supporting documents,\" Anderle said. \"There has not been oversight when these wells have been approved.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has said it has worked diligently to try to stop the releases and has said repeatedly that the oil flowing to the surface does not pose a danger to wildlife, water supplies or the region's agricultural sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview, Richard Hinkley, a senior executive for Chevron's Kern County operations, said the company's crews have drilled new wells and abandoned others in an attempt to alleviate pressure near the surface expressions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the company has installed advanced detection equipment to measure ground subsidence, a key indicator in monitoring steam-injection wells and the behavior of underground oil reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron is taking this very seriously,\" Hinkley said. \"Our operational goal is to prevent seeps from occurring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her Tuesday statement, Chevron's Flores-Paniagua said the company \"will continue to diligently work with DOGGR to provide additional information and data based on the schedule that we have previously agreed to with DOGGR, or as otherwise required. We have a dedicated team working to develop a holistic approach to prevent and manage seeps across our Cymric thermal diatomite operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11762863/as-chevron-gets-ready-to-appeal-state-order-kern-county-spill-continues-to-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appealed\u003c/a> an order by DOGGR to \"take all measures\" to stop the flow and prevent a recurrence of the 1Y release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOGGR's letter comes two weeks after it announced that it was launching an investigation into operations at the Cymric oil field amid an overall crackdown on \"surface expressions\" due to a regulation that took effect in April that bans the releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spills are expected to be the subject of a joint oversight \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11762169/key-state-lawmakers-to-call-for-hearings-into-chevron-oil-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hearing\u003c/a> by the State Senate and Assembly committees on natural resources in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorepgegrid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wants to buy PG&E's electric grid\u003c/a> in the city for $2.5 billion but the utility doesn't seem too inclined to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E issued a lukewarm response after Mayor London Breed and City Attorney Dennis Herrera sent a letter on Friday offering to buy \"electric utility assets serving San Francisco held by Pacific Gas & Electric Company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something tells me the troubled utility might not want to lose hundreds of thousands of paying customers in San Francisco . . . not to mention the company is a little tied up these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorepgegrid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wants to buy PG&E's electric grid\u003c/a> in the city for $2.5 billion but the utility doesn't seem too inclined to sell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E issued a lukewarm response after Mayor London Breed and City Attorney Dennis Herrera sent a letter on Friday offering to buy \"electric utility assets serving San Francisco held by Pacific Gas & Electric Company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something tells me the troubled utility might not want to lose hundreds of thousands of paying customers in San Francisco . . . not to mention the company is a little tied up these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal authorities are conducting a criminal investigation into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771807/at-least-25-confirmed-dead-in-boat-fire-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fiery dive boat disaster\u003c/a> that killed 34 people off the coast of Southern California, two officials said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI, Coast Guard and U.S. attorney in Los Angeles are overseeing the investigation, according to the two people who were not authorized to speak publicly and commented on the condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Santa Barbara County Sheriff Bill Brown said the investigation had not yet taken a criminal turn, though charges were possible. That turn of events appeared to happen Sunday when federal agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772995/authorities-serve-search-warrants-in-santa-cruz-island-boat-fire-investigation\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">raided the office of the boat’s owner\u003c/a>, Truth Aquatics Inc. in Santa Barbara, and its two remaining vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators have been gathering other evidence, including interviewing the captain and four surviving crew members, since the Sept. 2 tragedy off the Channel Islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"boat-fire\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-three passengers and one crew member were trapped below deck when the fire broke out after 3:00 a.m. on the Conception. Initial examinations indicate the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772763/sheriff-dive-boat-victims-killed-by-smoke-not-flames\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people died of smoke inhalation\u003c/a> before being burned, Brown said. All but one body has been found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts by the crew to save the trapped victims were unsuccessful because the fire was out of control and they had to abandon ship, according to authorities who spoke with them and the boat’s owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities are looking into various safety issues, including whether a night watchman was on duty when the blaze broke out before dawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If charges are brought, prosecutors are likely to apply an obscure federal law known as the Seaman’s Manslaughter Statute, which predates the Civil War and was enacted to punish negligent captains, engineers and pilots for deadly steamboat accidents that killed thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crime carries a potential penalty of up to 10 years in prison and sets a low bar for prosecutors, who only need to prove simple negligence or misconduct on the part of the captain or crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law can also be extended to a boat owner or charterer who engages in “fraud, neglect, connivance, misconduct, or violation of law” that takes a life. That is harder to prove and used less frequently, said attorney Kierstan Carlson, who advises maritime clients to expect a criminal investigation in the case of deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ship captain could be convicted if found to not have proper firefighting or safety equipment aboard or failing to have someone keeping watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means somebody in charge of the vessel, in charge of major operations,” Carlson said. “There are some cases where a captain will put a really junior person who is not sufficiently experienced in charge. That would also be a breach of the standard of care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the manslaughter law was not widely used after being written in 1838 and beefed up in 1852, it has been used more frequently in the 21st century, Carlson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charge was brought in the 2003 Staten Island ferry crash that killed 11, the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig blowout and the sinking last summer of a duck boat in Missouri that killed 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criminal probe is taking place as multiple agencies look into the cause of the fire aboard the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is investigating the fire’s cause and origin, while the National Transportation Safety Board is looking into the safety aspects of the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High winds have postponed the search for the final victim, as well as salvaging the vessel that sits upside down in 65 feet of water off Santa Cruz Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal authorities are conducting a criminal investigation into the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771807/at-least-25-confirmed-dead-in-boat-fire-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fiery dive boat disaster\u003c/a> that killed 34 people off the coast of Southern California, two officials said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI, Coast Guard and U.S. attorney in Los Angeles are overseeing the investigation, according to the two people who were not authorized to speak publicly and commented on the condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Santa Barbara County Sheriff Bill Brown said the investigation had not yet taken a criminal turn, though charges were possible. That turn of events appeared to happen Sunday when federal agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772995/authorities-serve-search-warrants-in-santa-cruz-island-boat-fire-investigation\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">raided the office of the boat’s owner\u003c/a>, Truth Aquatics Inc. in Santa Barbara, and its two remaining vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators have been gathering other evidence, including interviewing the captain and four surviving crew members, since the Sept. 2 tragedy off the Channel Islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-three passengers and one crew member were trapped below deck when the fire broke out after 3:00 a.m. on the Conception. Initial examinations indicate the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11772763/sheriff-dive-boat-victims-killed-by-smoke-not-flames\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people died of smoke inhalation\u003c/a> before being burned, Brown said. All but one body has been found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts by the crew to save the trapped victims were unsuccessful because the fire was out of control and they had to abandon ship, according to authorities who spoke with them and the boat’s owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities are looking into various safety issues, including whether a night watchman was on duty when the blaze broke out before dawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If charges are brought, prosecutors are likely to apply an obscure federal law known as the Seaman’s Manslaughter Statute, which predates the Civil War and was enacted to punish negligent captains, engineers and pilots for deadly steamboat accidents that killed thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crime carries a potential penalty of up to 10 years in prison and sets a low bar for prosecutors, who only need to prove simple negligence or misconduct on the part of the captain or crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law can also be extended to a boat owner or charterer who engages in “fraud, neglect, connivance, misconduct, or violation of law” that takes a life. That is harder to prove and used less frequently, said attorney Kierstan Carlson, who advises maritime clients to expect a criminal investigation in the case of deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ship captain could be convicted if found to not have proper firefighting or safety equipment aboard or failing to have someone keeping watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means somebody in charge of the vessel, in charge of major operations,” Carlson said. “There are some cases where a captain will put a really junior person who is not sufficiently experienced in charge. That would also be a breach of the standard of care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the manslaughter law was not widely used after being written in 1838 and beefed up in 1852, it has been used more frequently in the 21st century, Carlson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charge was brought in the 2003 Staten Island ferry crash that killed 11, the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig blowout and the sinking last summer of a duck boat in Missouri that killed 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The criminal probe is taking place as multiple agencies look into the cause of the fire aboard the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is investigating the fire’s cause and origin, while the National Transportation Safety Board is looking into the safety aspects of the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High winds have postponed the search for the final victim, as well as salvaging the vessel that sits upside down in 65 feet of water off Santa Cruz Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration on Friday launched an all-out assault on California over automotive mileage rules, telling state officials that only the federal government has the power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assault began with the Justice Department opening an antitrust investigation into a deal between California and four automakers for tougher pollution and related mileage requirements than those sought by President Donald Trump. Then, two federal agencies told the state it has no authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1946832,science_1946454,science_1945609\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome of the fight will make or break Trump’s effort to relax Obama-era mileage standards nationwide, weakening one of the past administration’s main efforts to slow climate change. California’s congressionally granted authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards under the 1970 Clean Air Act has long prodded automakers to adopt more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles, which emit less climate-damaging tailpipe exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi charged that the Trump administration, with its antitrust probe, was seeking “to weaponize law enforcement for partisan political purposes.” She called the investigation a “sham,” and defended California’s accord with the four automakers to reduce auto emissions more than the Trump administration is calling for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford and Honda confirmed receiving a letter from the Justice Department informing them of an antitrust inquiry into the July deal with California. The two automakers, along with Volkswagen and BMW, agreed to stricter emissions standards than those preferred by Trump. The Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency sent a letter to California saying the deal appears to violate the Clean Air Act and other laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress has squarely vested the authority to set fuel economy standards for new motor vehicles, and nationwide standards for GHG (greenhouse gas) vehicle emissions, with the federal government, not with California or any other state,” the agencies wrote in a letter dated Friday to the California Air Resources Board, which oversees emissions in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has emerged as a leader of state-level efforts to block Trump administration moves weakening environmental protections. As part of those efforts, it and other states have filed dozens of lawsuits challenging rollbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump long has made clear he wants to end California’s clout in setting mileage standards. Gov. Gavin Newsom was still defiant Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump administration has been attempting and failing to bully car companies for months now,” Newsom said in a statement. “We remain undeterred. California stands up to bullies and will keep fighting for stronger clean car protections that protect the health and safety of our children and families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle is setting up what is expected to be a long period of uncertainty and legal fights. The Obama administration contended, and climate scientists agree, that sharply cutting carbon-laden auto emissions is essential to staving off the worst of climate change. Much of the auto industry has lined up against the stricter Obama-era standards, however, contending they cannot be met because consumers have shifted away from more efficient cars to SUVs and trucks due to long-term lower gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford said it is cooperating with the antitrust inquiry, which was first reported by The Wall Street Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July deal with California bypassed the Trump administration’s plan to freeze emissions and fuel economy standards adopted under Obama at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945609/california-and-carmakers-reach-clean-vehicle-agreement-rebuking-trump-administration\">four automakers agreed with California\u003c/a> to reduce emissions by 3.7% per year starting with the 2022 model year, through 2026. That compares with 4.7% yearly reductions through 2025 under the Obama standards, according to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions standards are closely linked with fuel economy requirements because vehicles pollute less if they burn fewer gallons of fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department gave no details of why it believed the deal could violate federal law meant to prohibit anticompetitive behavior by companies. The EPA refused further comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter to California, the EPA and Transportation Department warned the state’s pollution regulator to “disassociate” itself from the deal with the four automakers. “Those commitments may result in legal consequences given the limits placed in Federal law on California’s authority,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress in the 1970s granted California authority, through a waiver in the Clean Air Act, to pursue tougher automobile emissions standards, a nod to the state’s battles against tenacious smog in central and Southern California. Lawmakers also allowed other states to follow California’s standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move over the decades has at times led to two different pollution and related mileage standards, one set by California and the states that follow it, and a federal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Baptist, a former senior deputy general counsel with the EPA in the Trump administration, said the administration’s strongest argument would be that another law, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, gives the federal government sole authority to regulate automotive greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California essentially is setting fuel economy standards by regulating greenhouse gas emissions, said Baptist, now a partner with Wiley Rein LLP in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a national economy,” Baptist said. “You can’t have fuel economy standards for each individual state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But former EPA officials who worked on emissions standards say the Trump administration is on shaky ground in its challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet McCabe, former acting assistant EPA administrator for air and radiation, said California has the legal power through the Clean Air Act to regulate auto pollutants that include greenhouse gases. “Their job is to reduce emissions,” she said. “They’re not regulating fuel economy, they’re regulating emissions,” said McCabe, now a professor at Indiana University’s McKinney School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Hannon, a retired EPA lawyer with decades of experience involving emissions, said it would be very hard to deny California waiver from national automobile emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress set it up to give incredible deference to California’s authority to protect the health and safety of its residents,” said Hannon, referring to the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baptist expects the Supreme Court will eventually rule in the dispute, including a determination on whether the federal government has the authority to pre-empt California’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration on Friday launched an all-out assault on California over automotive mileage rules, telling state officials that only the federal government has the power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assault began with the Justice Department opening an antitrust investigation into a deal between California and four automakers for tougher pollution and related mileage requirements than those sought by President Donald Trump. Then, two federal agencies told the state it has no authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome of the fight will make or break Trump’s effort to relax Obama-era mileage standards nationwide, weakening one of the past administration’s main efforts to slow climate change. California’s congressionally granted authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards under the 1970 Clean Air Act has long prodded automakers to adopt more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles, which emit less climate-damaging tailpipe exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi charged that the Trump administration, with its antitrust probe, was seeking “to weaponize law enforcement for partisan political purposes.” She called the investigation a “sham,” and defended California’s accord with the four automakers to reduce auto emissions more than the Trump administration is calling for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford and Honda confirmed receiving a letter from the Justice Department informing them of an antitrust inquiry into the July deal with California. The two automakers, along with Volkswagen and BMW, agreed to stricter emissions standards than those preferred by Trump. The Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency sent a letter to California saying the deal appears to violate the Clean Air Act and other laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress has squarely vested the authority to set fuel economy standards for new motor vehicles, and nationwide standards for GHG (greenhouse gas) vehicle emissions, with the federal government, not with California or any other state,” the agencies wrote in a letter dated Friday to the California Air Resources Board, which oversees emissions in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has emerged as a leader of state-level efforts to block Trump administration moves weakening environmental protections. As part of those efforts, it and other states have filed dozens of lawsuits challenging rollbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump long has made clear he wants to end California’s clout in setting mileage standards. Gov. Gavin Newsom was still defiant Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump administration has been attempting and failing to bully car companies for months now,” Newsom said in a statement. “We remain undeterred. California stands up to bullies and will keep fighting for stronger clean car protections that protect the health and safety of our children and families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle is setting up what is expected to be a long period of uncertainty and legal fights. The Obama administration contended, and climate scientists agree, that sharply cutting carbon-laden auto emissions is essential to staving off the worst of climate change. Much of the auto industry has lined up against the stricter Obama-era standards, however, contending they cannot be met because consumers have shifted away from more efficient cars to SUVs and trucks due to long-term lower gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford said it is cooperating with the antitrust inquiry, which was first reported by The Wall Street Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July deal with California bypassed the Trump administration’s plan to freeze emissions and fuel economy standards adopted under Obama at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945609/california-and-carmakers-reach-clean-vehicle-agreement-rebuking-trump-administration\">four automakers agreed with California\u003c/a> to reduce emissions by 3.7% per year starting with the 2022 model year, through 2026. That compares with 4.7% yearly reductions through 2025 under the Obama standards, according to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions standards are closely linked with fuel economy requirements because vehicles pollute less if they burn fewer gallons of fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department gave no details of why it believed the deal could violate federal law meant to prohibit anticompetitive behavior by companies. The EPA refused further comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter to California, the EPA and Transportation Department warned the state’s pollution regulator to “disassociate” itself from the deal with the four automakers. “Those commitments may result in legal consequences given the limits placed in Federal law on California’s authority,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress in the 1970s granted California authority, through a waiver in the Clean Air Act, to pursue tougher automobile emissions standards, a nod to the state’s battles against tenacious smog in central and Southern California. Lawmakers also allowed other states to follow California’s standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move over the decades has at times led to two different pollution and related mileage standards, one set by California and the states that follow it, and a federal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Baptist, a former senior deputy general counsel with the EPA in the Trump administration, said the administration’s strongest argument would be that another law, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, gives the federal government sole authority to regulate automotive greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California essentially is setting fuel economy standards by regulating greenhouse gas emissions, said Baptist, now a partner with Wiley Rein LLP in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a national economy,” Baptist said. “You can’t have fuel economy standards for each individual state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But former EPA officials who worked on emissions standards say the Trump administration is on shaky ground in its challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet McCabe, former acting assistant EPA administrator for air and radiation, said California has the legal power through the Clean Air Act to regulate auto pollutants that include greenhouse gases. “Their job is to reduce emissions,” she said. “They’re not regulating fuel economy, they’re regulating emissions,” said McCabe, now a professor at Indiana University’s McKinney School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Hannon, a retired EPA lawyer with decades of experience involving emissions, said it would be very hard to deny California waiver from national automobile emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress set it up to give incredible deference to California’s authority to protect the health and safety of its residents,” said Hannon, referring to the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baptist expects the Supreme Court will eventually rule in the dispute, including a determination on whether the federal government has the authority to pre-empt California’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Female big-wave surfers have been fighting to compete in the Mavericks surf contest for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the World Surf League\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioremaverickscancel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> has canceled it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big-wave surf break off Pillar Point near Half Moon Bay is a notoriously fickle spot to hold a contest, WSL is only the latest organization to cut its losses and pull out of the contest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, the waves — and quite a few surfers — won’t disappear once the prize money and Jumbotron disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Solano County Says Valero Violated State Regulations in March Refinery Shutdown",
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"content": "\u003cp>Solano County inspectors documented a long list of shortcomings and inadequate procedures at Valero's Benicia oil refinery that contributed to a major pollution release from the facility earlier this year, newly released county documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management documented violations of eight separate state regulations. The infractions included failure to fix important sensors in a refinery furnace unit, infrequent inspections of key equipment, and failure to have an operating plan in place to deal with unexpected refinery conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano's probe relied in part on \u003ca href=\"http://solanocounty.com/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valero's root cause analysis\u003c/a> of the shutdown, which found that one of the worst refinery incidents in the Bay Area in years was caused by a mistake made months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both reports focused on tubes in the refinery's furnace that heat up crude oil before it's routed to other parts of the facility for processing. County and refinery officials say those furnace tubes were damaged during maintenance work last November, which caused the devices to fail and contributed to the plant's malfunctions in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero complex ended up belching out a massive amount of black sooty smoke, which led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health concerns\u003c/a> for people living nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6382447-Valero-Benicia-Exceedance-Investigation-Report.html\" responsive=true text=false]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6382464-Solano-County-Valero-Inspection.html\" responsive=true text=false]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery's subsequent closure contributed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745576/valero-restarts-benicia-refinery-helping-to-slow-statewide-gas-price-hike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statewide spike in gasoline prices\u003c/a> and prompted investigations by several government agencies, renewing attention on the refinery two years after a power outage caused a major release of toxic sulfur dioxide in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero spokeswoman Lillian Riojas declined to comment directly on the company's violations. Instead, she pointed to the company's May filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in which it reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746990/valero-says-it-faces-342000-in-penalties-over-benicia-refinery-pollution-incident\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it's facing more than $342,000 in fines\u003c/a> in connection with the incident. The company told the SEC it expects to face $242,840 in proposed penalties from Solano County and $100,000 from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's root cause analysis, completed in July, examines a series of problems that led to the refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company inspections during the refinery shutdown found that furnace tubes were bulging and leaking. Valero says when the facility was restarting a unit last November, a safety valve improperly \"lifted,\" allowing crude oil to bypass one of the refinery's furnaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says \"it was not appreciated at the time\" that allowing the bypass \"exposed the furnace tubes to elevated temperatures.\" Extreme heat gradually deformed the tubes and allowed a solid substance called petroleum coke to form inside. Valero's analysis concedes that the deteriorating conditions were \"not timely identified and mitigated, leading to the tubes' subsequent failure\" and the March refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's investigation reported that carbon monoxide and oxygen sensors in the refinery furnace were not operational for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Proper functioning sensors would have provided an indication that the furnace was malfunctioning to Valero staff, allowing them to act sooner to correct the condition and prevent additional release,\" said Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's assistant director of resource management, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue with the furnace upset the system,\" Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those system issues became more evident in early March as two other refinery components experienced problems. One was a fluid coker, which heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest components of crude oil processed at the refinery. Another, a flue gas scrubber, removes fine particles before gases are released from the facility's smokestacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malfunctions with those devices led to an increase in carbon monoxide levels, according to Valero, To reduce those levels, refinery crews ended up increasing the temperature on the furnace tubes, thus accelerating their deterioration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"valero\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was little liquid in the tubes, which puts them at risk of damage, according to Professor Eric Smith of Tulane University's Energy Institute, who specializes in refinery operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One result is thermal degradation of the metal tube,\" said Smith, who reviewed company and county findings. \"Another effect is that the liquid that does make it through the tube is converted into petroleum coke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dynamic led to the release of sooty smoke and resulted in elevated levels of particulate matter and a health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County inspectors discovered several problems with lines that carry petroleum coke. On the day the refinery was shut down, one was leaking. Valero staff told Solano officials in April another line had failed five times in the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management has ordered Valero to make a series of changes, some of which it has already completed. They include orders to reduce petroleum coke releases, new procedures for preventing the overheating of furnace tubes and increased training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's Schmidtbauer said the department was still assessing what penalties it will levy against the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators issued 12 notices of violation against Valero. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was little liquid in the tubes, which puts them at risk of damage, according to Professor Eric Smith of Tulane University's Energy Institute, who specializes in refinery operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One result is thermal degradation of the metal tube,\" said Smith, who reviewed company and county findings. \"Another effect is that the liquid that does make it through the tube is converted into petroleum coke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dynamic led to the release of sooty smoke and resulted in elevated levels of particulate matter and a health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County inspectors discovered several problems with lines that carry petroleum coke. On the day the refinery was shut down, one was leaking. Valero staff told Solano officials in April another line had failed five times in the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management has ordered Valero to make a series of changes, some of which it has already completed. They include orders to reduce petroleum coke releases, new procedures for preventing the overheating of furnace tubes and increased training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's Schmidtbauer said the department was still assessing what penalties it will levy against the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators issued 12 notices of violation against Valero. Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the air district, said the agency's probe is not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Cal/OSHA, is expected to wrap up in the coming weeks, according to agency spokesman Frank Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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