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"title": "The Bay Is Rising. Newark Residents Wonder Why The City Plans to Develop Its Shoreline",
"headTitle": "The Bay Is Rising. Newark Residents Wonder Why The City Plans to Develop Its Shoreline | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Newark Vice Mayor Mike Bucci sat behind a wood-paneled council dais, a sinking feeling growing in his gut as he scribbled notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council was discussing \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/departments/community-development/specific-plans-master-plans/area-3-and-4-specific-plan-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sanctuary West\u003c/a>, a nearly three-decade-old plan from Mountain View-based The Sobrato Organization to bring badly needed housing to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jana Sokale, Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge']“You build here now, and I’m not sure you’ll have a house to leave to your kids. I’m not sure you’ll be able to get flood insurance because it’s going to be the front-line property at risk.” [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark — a Bay Area enclave of fewer than 50,000 people — is located on the east side of the Dumbarton Bridge near Fremont in Alameda County, a place that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/housing-production#chart-1\">struggled\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/housing-production#chart-1\">mightily\u003c/a> to build new housing even as costs have skyrocketed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West could help by adding hundreds of new tract homes, but the project is controversial because they would be built within a federal flood zone along fragile wetlands on the city’s western shore. Climate models show this area underwater in just a few decades as warming temperatures push bay water higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bucci supported the project in the past, but at this City Council meeting late in 2019, dozens of residents pressed him to reconsider, saying the land should be preserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have concerns about houses being out there and what may happen to them thirty, forty or fifty years down the road,” Bucci said in a recent interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1977896\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-1020x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019.jpg 1616w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Dec. 2019 Newark residents and environmental advocates asked the city council to further review the potential housing. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge Spokesperson Josh Sonnenfeld)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/agenda_items/20180314/Item3_Exhibit-A_OPC_SLR_Guidance-rd3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scientists project \u003c/a>seas could rise by at least 1 foot by 2030 and as much as 7 feet by 2100 because global emissions are still increasing — the higher level could overwhelm the homes with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a unique opportunity here to become a beacon, a shining light to show how local planning can adapt to the new, very real, and very dangerous threat of global warming,” longtime resident Mari Miller said during the standing-room-only winter public meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the gathering, Bucci urged the city to further examine the new climate projections (his fellow council members argued the issue had already been reviewed and litigated, and the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2019/11/15/newark-approves-469-homes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> the project).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘There’s nothing that we could do’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Usually, the state oversees development along the San Francisco Bay shoreline. But Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, or BCDC, says the developers found a loophole to avoid these regulations, strategically moving the project outside the agency’s purview: 100 feet from the water’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The developer looked at BCDC and said, ‘I’m going to move the project out of your jurisdiction.’ There’s nothing that [we] can do with regard to that development project,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the city approved the project, the \u003ca href=\"https://savenewarkwetlands.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge\u003c/a> and other environmentalists sued, arguing the sea level rise protections weren’t strong enough; the lawsuit created the latest wrinkle in the circuitous planning process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You build here now, and I’m not sure you’ll have a house to leave to your kids,” said Jana Sokale, a committee member. “I’m not sure you’ll be able to get flood insurance because it’s going to be the frontline property at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 1st District Court of Appeal heard arguments on Dec. 7 and will make a determination within the next 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Newark’s plan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If built, Sanctuary West will add 469 single-family market-rate homes on four elevated peninsulas adjacent to a wetland near the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Each house would range between 3,600 to 5,000 square feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers plan to drive in around 100,000 truckloads of dirt to raise the homes above potential stormwaters. Then line the banks with rocks to protect houses from waves, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sobrato.com/people/tim-steele/\">Tim\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sobrato.com/people/tim-steele/\">Steele\u003c/a>, senior vice president for real estate for The Sobrato Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West will be “higher than a lot of homes that are currently built in the city” and “not be the first ones that will be impacted by any kind of sea level rise,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977933\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977933 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/SLR2100_Newark_V05.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flood estimates are approximations — 2050/1.6 ft rise plus a 20-year storm; 2100/4.9 ft rise plus a 20-year storm. More information about the flood data is found in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973624/maps-see-which-bay-area-locations-are-at-risk-from-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post\u003c/a>. Development layout derived from city planning \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5267/637037295441930000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">documents\u003c/a> and doesn’t show potential future elevation changes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city declined an interview on the proposal because of the active lawsuit. In an emailed statement, Newark Mayor Alan L. Nagy said the city is committed to protecting its shoreline from sea level rise. Their planning documents consider a 50-year life for Sanctuary West, and say it will have “sufficient protection from 100-year flood events” within that time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West “will not be adversely impacted by predicted global climate change and sea level rise,” Nagy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff examined the project several times. A 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/4773/636863371395100000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">draft environmental review\u003c/a> shows the entire development flooding with a foot of water in high sea level rise scenarios that assume global emissions continue increasing. Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/182/636502333562270000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> in 2015 mined multiple state and global climate modeling surveys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the city reexamined the project again, running it through a state \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5267/637037295441930000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">checklist\u003c/a> to considered flooding and a range of sea level rise projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that, the city settled on what its \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5281/637037297707300000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">documents\u003c/a> describe as a “low risk aversion” and “adaptive” strategy to protect the homes from rising tides. Newark assumes emissions will continue climbing and the bay will rise up to 1.9 feet by the year 2070 and plans to elevate the homes above this level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city will wait and see how to protect the homes beyond then, or if bay waters rise higher, faster — while statistically less likely, model scenarios show sea level rise could be more than twice as much by then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its documents do suggest punting the protective work onto the region, noting that an “earthen levee or structural floodwall” could be “more appropriate” as part of a “area-wide” solution, although it doesn’t say who’d pay for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steele, with the developer, says he’s confident in a plan that raises the homes up — protecting them for now — and that leaves a door open to future engineering work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not suggesting sea level rise is not going to happen, or it’s not going to impact the way we live,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Studies warn of extreme flooding and the danger of poor planning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move different directions on the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqed.carto.com/u/kqednews/builder/f31503f8-3f13-48ef-bcff-2c2db612ae2c/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Legislative Analyst’s Office’s \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020 analysis\u003c/a> of sea level rise studies explained that cities like Newark need to consider storms, king tides, or El Niño events pushing water levels even higher than rising tides alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most recent United Nations climate report published last summer, scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/\">noted\u003c/a> that low-lying cities like Newark will see “more frequent and severe flooding.” Plus, bad storms that used to occur occasionally could happen every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08471\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Model studies\u003c/a> show a more extreme scenario: ice sheets collapsing at the poles. That could mean “the California coast could experience over 10 feet of SLR by 2100,” according to the state’s analysis. These extreme scenarios are uncertain, but scientists say they are possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This goes beyond the scope of what we’ve thought about in planning horizons in terms of the magnitude of change that we’d be facing as a region,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley environmental engineer. He says such a large increase would require a “complete rethinking” of life along the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West could help fill in the gap for much-needed housing in the Bay Area, but scientists like\u003ca href=\"http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/lubell/\"> Mark Lubell\u003c/a>, who studies sea level rise and governance at UC Davis, say the proposed site “is a terrible place to put a development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we should definitely be looking at alternative locations for regional economic development that are not in hazard areas, wetland areas or watersheds,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Marshes aren’t static\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West could harm one of the only natural flood protections left in the Bay Area: wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0027388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10% of the original marsh\u003c/a> area remains in San Francisco Bay. \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/about/staff/laura-feinstein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laura Feinstein\u003c/a>, sustainability and resilience policy director for the urban think tank SPUR, says upland areas are even more rare. That’s because cities like Newark have built right up to the border of sensitive marsh ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977918\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977918 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Green marsh in the distance, foregrounded by water and yellowing marshland. A white bird sits on a fence post. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wetlands near Newark, photographed in the afternoon on August 13, 2021. (Joyce Tsai/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Feinstein says cities should preserve upland areas because these spaces will become the wetlands of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we let marshes do their thing, and they have the right conditions and enough sediment available, as sea level rises, they will gradually move uphill,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/publications/spur-report/2021-10-21/water-growing-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, her group concluded that by maximizing infill, converting homes into duplexes, triplexes and adding accessory dwelling units, the Bay Area could address the housing crisis without building in areas vulnerable to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is room in Newark and other adjacent cities to add new housing, it’s just that it should be put in the existing urban footprint,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A regulatory marsh\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The first avenue for people who have reservations about projects like Sanctuary West is to contest projects publicly at City Council meetings and public hearings. Since public outreach by environmental groups hasn’t had the desired effect in Newark, residents and advocates can sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if lawsuits prove futile in preventing Sanctuary West from becoming a reality, advocates against the housing development will have to trust the permitting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977912\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977912 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51305_IMG_8820_Edit-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with gray, shoulder-length hair wears a green sweater and silver binoculars around her neck. A wetland and powerlines are in the background against blue skies. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51305_IMG_8820_Edit-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51305_IMG_8820_Edit-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jana Sokale is a Newark resident and leader of the Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge. (Joyce Tsai/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While BCDC no longer has jurisdiction over Sanctuary West, officials at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/\">San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> say they will make it difficult for developers to build on the wetlands in Newark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the developer from May 2020, the board said the 1.6 million cubic yards of dirt needed to raise the potential homes out of the floodplain will impact the wetlands and “alter the existing wetland hydrology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board is also concerned over “repeated claims the project does not have the potential to impact water quality or to result in discharges” of everything from fill to heavy metals to oil, and says the city used “out of date or inadequate information to minimize” Sanctuary West’s environmental impact. In the letter to the developer, board officials said the project would have direct and indirect water impacts. They said the project would disrupt endangered species, recreation and wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the agency has significant concerns over how the project will alter the ecosystem, it can’t altogether reject it, said \u003ca href=\"https://agency.calepa.ca.gov/StaffDirectory/detail.asp?UID=63534&BDO=7&VW=DET\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Xavier Fernandez\u003c/a>, planning manager for the board. He says the agency can make permitting very costly from a developer’s point of view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we would like them to do is to move it back as far as possible or not build it at all, and coordinate with adjacent communities in order to collectively come up with a plan for protecting that region,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Grappling with climate change in real time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/michelle-hummel-531a2458/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michelle Hummel,\u003c/a> an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Arlington who studies the impact of sea level rise on the bay extensively, says cities, agencies, and developers are paying mind to the outcome of the Newark debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be clear guidelines about how we want to move forward locally and regionally,” she said, especially for development in vulnerable coastal margins between the bay and existing development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not really a clear understanding of whether or not this project can go through, and people are kind of just stalling right now,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Mike Bucci']“It’s scary to think that a small town like ours is on the frontline of that battle.”” [/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hummel says if the region’s piecemeal approach to addressing sea level rise continues on a development by development basis, eventually, the bay could see cumulative impacts as water floods neighborhoods, businesses and infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says what happens in Newark could “set the stage for how these types of projects are visualized and approved in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977913\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977913\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The area Sanctuary West would sit within is a mosaic of wetlands and upland habitat. A slough runs through the area connecting it to the bay. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge's Derell Licht/Creative Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state wants to close regulatory gaps, like the one Sanctuary West exposed. BCDC’s new regional sea level rise adaptation plan, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/\">Bay Adapt,\u003c/a> includes a potential fix and is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/jointplatform/\">road map\u003c/a> for agencies and cities to create new policies to interpret the effects of climate change better. This could include expanding BCDC’s jurisdiction beyond 100 feet from the shoreline. But that requires regional collaboration and legislation, which could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of a bigger conversation; it’s assessing sort of the whole web of regulation and then seeing what the solutions are for filling that in,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/help-desk/\">Dana Brechwald\u003c/a>, BCDC’s Adapting to Rising Tides Program manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And among all the regulatory confusion is a question: Should the Bay Area further develop its shoreline when climate models show the water will continually rise?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Newark’s youngest City Council member, the answer is simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s no,” Bucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is apprehensive a catastrophic flood could happen in Newark because he lived through a flood in the ’90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My entire street flooded up to the lawns,” he remembered. “What happens when those events come around again, and how bad is it going to be? It’s scary to think that a small town like ours is on the frontline of that battle.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The city of Newark is clashing with environmentalists over a housing plan that would develop along its wetlands, a natural protection from rising seas. ",
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"title": "The Bay Is Rising. Newark Residents Wonder Why The City Plans to Develop Its Shoreline | KQED",
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"headline": "The Bay Is Rising. Newark Residents Wonder Why The City Plans to Develop Its Shoreline",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Newark Vice Mayor Mike Bucci sat behind a wood-paneled council dais, a sinking feeling growing in his gut as he scribbled notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council was discussing \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/departments/community-development/specific-plans-master-plans/area-3-and-4-specific-plan-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sanctuary West\u003c/a>, a nearly three-decade-old plan from Mountain View-based The Sobrato Organization to bring badly needed housing to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newark — a Bay Area enclave of fewer than 50,000 people — is located on the east side of the Dumbarton Bridge near Fremont in Alameda County, a place that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/housing-production#chart-1\">struggled\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.vitalsigns.mtc.ca.gov/housing-production#chart-1\">mightily\u003c/a> to build new housing even as costs have skyrocketed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West could help by adding hundreds of new tract homes, but the project is controversial because they would be built within a federal flood zone along fragile wetlands on the city’s western shore. Climate models show this area underwater in just a few decades as warming temperatures push bay water higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bucci supported the project in the past, but at this City Council meeting late in 2019, dozens of residents pressed him to reconsider, saying the land should be preserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have concerns about houses being out there and what may happen to them thirty, forty or fifty years down the road,” Bucci said in a recent interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1977896\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-1020x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Council-2019.jpg 1616w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Dec. 2019 Newark residents and environmental advocates asked the city council to further review the potential housing. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge Spokesperson Josh Sonnenfeld)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/agenda_items/20180314/Item3_Exhibit-A_OPC_SLR_Guidance-rd3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scientists project \u003c/a>seas could rise by at least 1 foot by 2030 and as much as 7 feet by 2100 because global emissions are still increasing — the higher level could overwhelm the homes with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a unique opportunity here to become a beacon, a shining light to show how local planning can adapt to the new, very real, and very dangerous threat of global warming,” longtime resident Mari Miller said during the standing-room-only winter public meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the gathering, Bucci urged the city to further examine the new climate projections (his fellow council members argued the issue had already been reviewed and litigated, and the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2019/11/15/newark-approves-469-homes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> the project).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘There’s nothing that we could do’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Usually, the state oversees development along the San Francisco Bay shoreline. But Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, or BCDC, says the developers found a loophole to avoid these regulations, strategically moving the project outside the agency’s purview: 100 feet from the water’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The developer looked at BCDC and said, ‘I’m going to move the project out of your jurisdiction.’ There’s nothing that [we] can do with regard to that development project,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the city approved the project, the \u003ca href=\"https://savenewarkwetlands.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge\u003c/a> and other environmentalists sued, arguing the sea level rise protections weren’t strong enough; the lawsuit created the latest wrinkle in the circuitous planning process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You build here now, and I’m not sure you’ll have a house to leave to your kids,” said Jana Sokale, a committee member. “I’m not sure you’ll be able to get flood insurance because it’s going to be the frontline property at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 1st District Court of Appeal heard arguments on Dec. 7 and will make a determination within the next 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Newark’s plan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If built, Sanctuary West will add 469 single-family market-rate homes on four elevated peninsulas adjacent to a wetland near the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Each house would range between 3,600 to 5,000 square feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers plan to drive in around 100,000 truckloads of dirt to raise the homes above potential stormwaters. Then line the banks with rocks to protect houses from waves, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sobrato.com/people/tim-steele/\">Tim\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sobrato.com/people/tim-steele/\">Steele\u003c/a>, senior vice president for real estate for The Sobrato Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West will be “higher than a lot of homes that are currently built in the city” and “not be the first ones that will be impacted by any kind of sea level rise,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977933\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977933 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/SLR2100_Newark_V05.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flood estimates are approximations — 2050/1.6 ft rise plus a 20-year storm; 2100/4.9 ft rise plus a 20-year storm. More information about the flood data is found in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973624/maps-see-which-bay-area-locations-are-at-risk-from-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post\u003c/a>. Development layout derived from city planning \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5267/637037295441930000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">documents\u003c/a> and doesn’t show potential future elevation changes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city declined an interview on the proposal because of the active lawsuit. In an emailed statement, Newark Mayor Alan L. Nagy said the city is committed to protecting its shoreline from sea level rise. Their planning documents consider a 50-year life for Sanctuary West, and say it will have “sufficient protection from 100-year flood events” within that time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West “will not be adversely impacted by predicted global climate change and sea level rise,” Nagy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff examined the project several times. A 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/4773/636863371395100000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">draft environmental review\u003c/a> shows the entire development flooding with a foot of water in high sea level rise scenarios that assume global emissions continue increasing. Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/182/636502333562270000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review\u003c/a> in 2015 mined multiple state and global climate modeling surveys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the city reexamined the project again, running it through a state \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5267/637037295441930000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">checklist\u003c/a> to considered flooding and a range of sea level rise projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that, the city settled on what its \u003ca href=\"https://www.newark.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5281/637037297707300000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">documents\u003c/a> describe as a “low risk aversion” and “adaptive” strategy to protect the homes from rising tides. Newark assumes emissions will continue climbing and the bay will rise up to 1.9 feet by the year 2070 and plans to elevate the homes above this level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city will wait and see how to protect the homes beyond then, or if bay waters rise higher, faster — while statistically less likely, model scenarios show sea level rise could be more than twice as much by then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its documents do suggest punting the protective work onto the region, noting that an “earthen levee or structural floodwall” could be “more appropriate” as part of a “area-wide” solution, although it doesn’t say who’d pay for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steele, with the developer, says he’s confident in a plan that raises the homes up — protecting them for now — and that leaves a door open to future engineering work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not suggesting sea level rise is not going to happen, or it’s not going to impact the way we live,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Studies warn of extreme flooding and the danger of poor planning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move different directions on the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqed.carto.com/u/kqednews/builder/f31503f8-3f13-48ef-bcff-2c2db612ae2c/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Legislative Analyst’s Office’s \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2020 analysis\u003c/a> of sea level rise studies explained that cities like Newark need to consider storms, king tides, or El Niño events pushing water levels even higher than rising tides alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most recent United Nations climate report published last summer, scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/\">noted\u003c/a> that low-lying cities like Newark will see “more frequent and severe flooding.” Plus, bad storms that used to occur occasionally could happen every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08471\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Model studies\u003c/a> show a more extreme scenario: ice sheets collapsing at the poles. That could mean “the California coast could experience over 10 feet of SLR by 2100,” according to the state’s analysis. These extreme scenarios are uncertain, but scientists say they are possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This goes beyond the scope of what we’ve thought about in planning horizons in terms of the magnitude of change that we’d be facing as a region,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley environmental engineer. He says such a large increase would require a “complete rethinking” of life along the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West could help fill in the gap for much-needed housing in the Bay Area, but scientists like\u003ca href=\"http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/lubell/\"> Mark Lubell\u003c/a>, who studies sea level rise and governance at UC Davis, say the proposed site “is a terrible place to put a development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we should definitely be looking at alternative locations for regional economic development that are not in hazard areas, wetland areas or watersheds,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Marshes aren’t static\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sanctuary West could harm one of the only natural flood protections left in the Bay Area: wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only about \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0027388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10% of the original marsh\u003c/a> area remains in San Francisco Bay. \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/about/staff/laura-feinstein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laura Feinstein\u003c/a>, sustainability and resilience policy director for the urban think tank SPUR, says upland areas are even more rare. That’s because cities like Newark have built right up to the border of sensitive marsh ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977918\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977918 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Green marsh in the distance, foregrounded by water and yellowing marshland. A white bird sits on a fence post. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51303_IMG_8912_Edit-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wetlands near Newark, photographed in the afternoon on August 13, 2021. (Joyce Tsai/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Feinstein says cities should preserve upland areas because these spaces will become the wetlands of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we let marshes do their thing, and they have the right conditions and enough sediment available, as sea level rises, they will gradually move uphill,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.spur.org/publications/spur-report/2021-10-21/water-growing-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a>, her group concluded that by maximizing infill, converting homes into duplexes, triplexes and adding accessory dwelling units, the Bay Area could address the housing crisis without building in areas vulnerable to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is room in Newark and other adjacent cities to add new housing, it’s just that it should be put in the existing urban footprint,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A regulatory marsh\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The first avenue for people who have reservations about projects like Sanctuary West is to contest projects publicly at City Council meetings and public hearings. Since public outreach by environmental groups hasn’t had the desired effect in Newark, residents and advocates can sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if lawsuits prove futile in preventing Sanctuary West from becoming a reality, advocates against the housing development will have to trust the permitting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977912\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977912 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51305_IMG_8820_Edit-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with gray, shoulder-length hair wears a green sweater and silver binoculars around her neck. A wetland and powerlines are in the background against blue skies. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51305_IMG_8820_Edit-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/RS51305_IMG_8820_Edit-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jana Sokale is a Newark resident and leader of the Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge. (Joyce Tsai/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While BCDC no longer has jurisdiction over Sanctuary West, officials at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/\">San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a> say they will make it difficult for developers to build on the wetlands in Newark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the developer from May 2020, the board said the 1.6 million cubic yards of dirt needed to raise the potential homes out of the floodplain will impact the wetlands and “alter the existing wetland hydrology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board is also concerned over “repeated claims the project does not have the potential to impact water quality or to result in discharges” of everything from fill to heavy metals to oil, and says the city used “out of date or inadequate information to minimize” Sanctuary West’s environmental impact. In the letter to the developer, board officials said the project would have direct and indirect water impacts. They said the project would disrupt endangered species, recreation and wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the agency has significant concerns over how the project will alter the ecosystem, it can’t altogether reject it, said \u003ca href=\"https://agency.calepa.ca.gov/StaffDirectory/detail.asp?UID=63534&BDO=7&VW=DET\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Xavier Fernandez\u003c/a>, planning manager for the board. He says the agency can make permitting very costly from a developer’s point of view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we would like them to do is to move it back as far as possible or not build it at all, and coordinate with adjacent communities in order to collectively come up with a plan for protecting that region,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Grappling with climate change in real time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/michelle-hummel-531a2458/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michelle Hummel,\u003c/a> an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Arlington who studies the impact of sea level rise on the bay extensively, says cities, agencies, and developers are paying mind to the outcome of the Newark debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be clear guidelines about how we want to move forward locally and regionally,” she said, especially for development in vulnerable coastal margins between the bay and existing development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not really a clear understanding of whether or not this project can go through, and people are kind of just stalling right now,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“It’s scary to think that a small town like ours is on the frontline of that battle.”” ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hummel says if the region’s piecemeal approach to addressing sea level rise continues on a development by development basis, eventually, the bay could see cumulative impacts as water floods neighborhoods, businesses and infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says what happens in Newark could “set the stage for how these types of projects are visualized and approved in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977913\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977913\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/12/Newark-Second-Aerial-Photo-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The area Sanctuary West would sit within is a mosaic of wetlands and upland habitat. A slough runs through the area connecting it to the bay. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Citizens Committee to Complete the Refuge's Derell Licht/Creative Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state wants to close regulatory gaps, like the one Sanctuary West exposed. BCDC’s new regional sea level rise adaptation plan, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/\">Bay Adapt,\u003c/a> includes a potential fix and is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/jointplatform/\">road map\u003c/a> for agencies and cities to create new policies to interpret the effects of climate change better. This could include expanding BCDC’s jurisdiction beyond 100 feet from the shoreline. But that requires regional collaboration and legislation, which could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of a bigger conversation; it’s assessing sort of the whole web of regulation and then seeing what the solutions are for filling that in,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/help-desk/\">Dana Brechwald\u003c/a>, BCDC’s Adapting to Rising Tides Program manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And among all the regulatory confusion is a question: Should the Bay Area further develop its shoreline when climate models show the water will continually rise?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Newark’s youngest City Council member, the answer is simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s no,” Bucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is apprehensive a catastrophic flood could happen in Newark because he lived through a flood in the ’90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My entire street flooded up to the lawns,” he remembered. “What happens when those events come around again, and how bad is it going to be? It’s scary to think that a small town like ours is on the frontline of that battle.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "I'm Ready to Act on Climate. Do I Start Big or Small?",
"headTitle": "I’m Ready to Act on Climate. Do I Start Big or Small? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s an all-hands-on-deck decade for the climate. But before you roll up your sleeves, you may be wondering just where to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you begin at home, by reducing your personal contributions to global warming, like flying less, driving less or eating less meat? Or do you start on the larger, systems level, by pushing for better public transit options, electric vehicle charging infrastructure and other policy changes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is active in the climate community, too, so let’s go through the arguments on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The argument for systems change: Climate change is a math problem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many of the causes of greenhouse gases are outside of individual control, like where your energy comes from, how good public transit is where you live or how much housing is available near where you work, potentially forcing you into a car for a long commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you want to bike to work instead of driving, but your city has unsafe streets for bikes, and no bike lanes. You’ll make the safe choice and drive. The work is to push the city to create more bike accessibility — a change at a systems level — so you can then make a change individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate writer and activist Bill McKibben said on the podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.degreespod.com/episodes/episode-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Matter of Degrees\u003c/a>, “Climate change is a math problem, and the numbers are very large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. emitted the equivalent of \u003ca href=\"https://cfpub.epa.gov/ghgdata/inventoryexplorer/#allsectors/allsectors/allgas/gas/all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">6.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2019\u003c/a>, roughly 11% of global emissions, and equal to the annual output of \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1,653 coal-fired power plants\u003c/a>. The average American \u003ca href=\"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1783/2019/essd-11-1783-2019.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">emits about 16 metric tons a year\u003c/a>. Changing your behavior, even if done perfectly, is just a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the question of time. Gradual, individual behavior change would have been helpful if we had decades, advocates say, but our timeline to avert the worst impacts of climate change is short. Organizations like the World Resources Institute argue that the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/5-reasons-us-should-cut-its-ghg-emissions-half-2030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">must reduce emissions by half by 2030\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So job one is to organize, job two is to organize your friends and neighbors and job three is to organize. And if you have some energy left over after that, by all means, check out every light bulb in your house,” McKibben said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Keep big polluters on the hook, activists say\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate activists argue that a fixation on individual actions alone lets major polluters, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09644016.2020.1863703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">who obscured the threat of warming for decades\u003c/a>, off the hook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/project/exxon-the-road-not-taken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> found that the Exxon Mobil Corp. pioneered climate change research and warned top executives of possible catastrophe from global warming, but that the company later funded climate change denial groups that led efforts to block solutions (\u003ca href=\"http://www.exxonmobilperspectives.com/2015/10/21/when-it-comes-to-climate-change-read-the-documents/\">the company pushed back on the investigation\u003c/a>, saying the reporters “cherry-picked” statements from documents).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas company \u003ca href=\"https://mashable.com/feature/carbon-footprint-pr-campaign-sham\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BP circulated the phrase “carbon footprint” in the 2000s\u003c/a>, according to reporting from Mark Kaufman in Mashable. He writes that the company “popularized the term” with a calculator that could “assess how their normal daily life — going to work, buying food, and (gasp) traveling — is largely responsible for heating the globe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science historian \u003ca href=\"https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/09/oil-companies-discourage-climate-action-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geoffrey Supran\u003c/a> argues this was a strategy to turn the blame away from the company, and onto individuals (the company disagrees; spokesperson Josh Hicks told KQED in a statement that BP takes responsibility for their emissions and plans to hit a net zero emissions target by 2050).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>This is not a game of who’s more righteous\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Focusing on individual actions can quickly turn into a holier-than-thou competition with others, and who wants to feel judged?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Michael Mann argues in his book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/michael-e-mann/the-new-climate-war/9781541758223/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The New Climate War\u003c/a>,” the idea of what some see as personal sacrifice may further push moderates and conservatives away from climate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The argument for individual changes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“If you live in a rich country, and especially the richer you are, your individual actions really matter,” climate scientist Kimberly Nicholas writes in her book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/665274/under-the-sky-we-make-by-kimberly-nicholas-phd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Under the Sky We Make\u003c/a>.” They matter both in reducing carbon, and in changing the perception of the good life from one that uses excessive carbon to one that does not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es803496a\">70% of global greenhouse gas pollution can be traced\u003c/a> to how people get around, their diet, and the heating and cooling of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The richest 10% of Americans, who have annual household incomes of above $201,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kch.tul.cz/sedlbauer/clanek15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">emitted 50 metric tons of carbon in 2015, according to a study from European economists\u003c/a>; that’s roughly equivalent to the energy needed to power nine standard homes for a year. Much of these planet-warming gases came from travel by plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep warming in check at 1.5 degrees Celsius, each person’s carbon emissions would need to fall to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aalto.fi/en/department-of-design/15-degree-lifestyles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.5 metric tons\u003c/a> by 2030. And research shows \u003ca href=\"https://www.sitra.fi/en/publications/pathways-to-1-5-degree-lifestyles-by-2030/#towards-1-5-degree-lifestyles\">this is an achievable goal\u003c/a> with a \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/how-10-billion-people-could-live-well-by-2050-using-as-much-energy-as-we-did-60-years-ago-146896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">good standard of living \u003c/a>for people (meaning decently sized homes with heating and cooling, hot water, washing machines, refrigerators and access to health care and public transit).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Aligning your actions and values\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Environmental psychologist Renée Lertzman says most people participate in a system that worsens climate change, and are aware of the impact of those changes, and that can create stress, or “psychological pain” (even if your contribution to the problem is far less than an executive at a fossil fuel company, for example). That pain, she says, can lead a person to step away from taking action on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aligning your actions with your climate values can help to reduce that pain, and build momentum to catalyze you into larger actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you couple individual action with \u003cem>talking \u003c/em>about why you’re doing what you’re doing, you have the potential to create a change larger than yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research from Yale’s climate change and communication program shows that the majority of people who care about climate change \u003ca href=\"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/climate-spiral-silence-america/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rarely or never talk about it with family and friends\u003c/a>, often assuming there are more people who deny climate change than there actually are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When changes become a social norm, it becomes more attractive for politicians and companies to take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aas8827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just 25% of a population is needed to create a “tipping point”\u003c/a> change in popular opinion. \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aas8827\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So which side wins? Well, both\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Larger greenhouse gas emission reductions are possible through changing systems, but it’s valuable for individuals to make personal changes, too, especially in wealthy countries like the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it matters which actions you take, as research shows that some actions, like calling your representative and cutting down on driving, are far more effective than others, like fretting about your plastic straw. Read more about\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977314/climate-change-is-here-its-bad-heres-what-you-can-do\"> how to take the most effective actions to address climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist Mann writes in his book that the debate between systems vs. individual change is being exploited by companies to create a rift among those with a common goal: reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s important is to remember that everyone who is working to make a change is on the same team, regardless of where they start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/8818.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Here are the arguments for just where to focus your climate-conscious energy: systems change or individual action.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s an all-hands-on-deck decade for the climate. But before you roll up your sleeves, you may be wondering just where to start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you begin at home, by reducing your personal contributions to global warming, like flying less, driving less or eating less meat? Or do you start on the larger, systems level, by pushing for better public transit options, electric vehicle charging infrastructure and other policy changes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is active in the climate community, too, so let’s go through the arguments on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The argument for systems change: Climate change is a math problem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many of the causes of greenhouse gases are outside of individual control, like where your energy comes from, how good public transit is where you live or how much housing is available near where you work, potentially forcing you into a car for a long commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you want to bike to work instead of driving, but your city has unsafe streets for bikes, and no bike lanes. You’ll make the safe choice and drive. The work is to push the city to create more bike accessibility — a change at a systems level — so you can then make a change individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate writer and activist Bill McKibben said on the podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.degreespod.com/episodes/episode-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Matter of Degrees\u003c/a>, “Climate change is a math problem, and the numbers are very large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. emitted the equivalent of \u003ca href=\"https://cfpub.epa.gov/ghgdata/inventoryexplorer/#allsectors/allsectors/allgas/gas/all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">6.6 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide in 2019\u003c/a>, roughly 11% of global emissions, and equal to the annual output of \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1,653 coal-fired power plants\u003c/a>. The average American \u003ca href=\"https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/11/1783/2019/essd-11-1783-2019.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">emits about 16 metric tons a year\u003c/a>. Changing your behavior, even if done perfectly, is just a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the question of time. Gradual, individual behavior change would have been helpful if we had decades, advocates say, but our timeline to avert the worst impacts of climate change is short. Organizations like the World Resources Institute argue that the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/5-reasons-us-should-cut-its-ghg-emissions-half-2030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">must reduce emissions by half by 2030\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So job one is to organize, job two is to organize your friends and neighbors and job three is to organize. And if you have some energy left over after that, by all means, check out every light bulb in your house,” McKibben said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Keep big polluters on the hook, activists say\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate activists argue that a fixation on individual actions alone lets major polluters, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09644016.2020.1863703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">who obscured the threat of warming for decades\u003c/a>, off the hook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/project/exxon-the-road-not-taken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> found that the Exxon Mobil Corp. pioneered climate change research and warned top executives of possible catastrophe from global warming, but that the company later funded climate change denial groups that led efforts to block solutions (\u003ca href=\"http://www.exxonmobilperspectives.com/2015/10/21/when-it-comes-to-climate-change-read-the-documents/\">the company pushed back on the investigation\u003c/a>, saying the reporters “cherry-picked” statements from documents).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas company \u003ca href=\"https://mashable.com/feature/carbon-footprint-pr-campaign-sham\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BP circulated the phrase “carbon footprint” in the 2000s\u003c/a>, according to reporting from Mark Kaufman in Mashable. He writes that the company “popularized the term” with a calculator that could “assess how their normal daily life — going to work, buying food, and (gasp) traveling — is largely responsible for heating the globe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science historian \u003ca href=\"https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/09/oil-companies-discourage-climate-action-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Geoffrey Supran\u003c/a> argues this was a strategy to turn the blame away from the company, and onto individuals (the company disagrees; spokesperson Josh Hicks told KQED in a statement that BP takes responsibility for their emissions and plans to hit a net zero emissions target by 2050).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>This is not a game of who’s more righteous\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Focusing on individual actions can quickly turn into a holier-than-thou competition with others, and who wants to feel judged?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Michael Mann argues in his book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/michael-e-mann/the-new-climate-war/9781541758223/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The New Climate War\u003c/a>,” the idea of what some see as personal sacrifice may further push moderates and conservatives away from climate action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The argument for individual changes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“If you live in a rich country, and especially the richer you are, your individual actions really matter,” climate scientist Kimberly Nicholas writes in her book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/665274/under-the-sky-we-make-by-kimberly-nicholas-phd/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Under the Sky We Make\u003c/a>.” They matter both in reducing carbon, and in changing the perception of the good life from one that uses excessive carbon to one that does not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es803496a\">70% of global greenhouse gas pollution can be traced\u003c/a> to how people get around, their diet, and the heating and cooling of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The richest 10% of Americans, who have annual household incomes of above $201,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kch.tul.cz/sedlbauer/clanek15.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">emitted 50 metric tons of carbon in 2015, according to a study from European economists\u003c/a>; that’s roughly equivalent to the energy needed to power nine standard homes for a year. Much of these planet-warming gases came from travel by plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep warming in check at 1.5 degrees Celsius, each person’s carbon emissions would need to fall to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aalto.fi/en/department-of-design/15-degree-lifestyles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.5 metric tons\u003c/a> by 2030. And research shows \u003ca href=\"https://www.sitra.fi/en/publications/pathways-to-1-5-degree-lifestyles-by-2030/#towards-1-5-degree-lifestyles\">this is an achievable goal\u003c/a> with a \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/how-10-billion-people-could-live-well-by-2050-using-as-much-energy-as-we-did-60-years-ago-146896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">good standard of living \u003c/a>for people (meaning decently sized homes with heating and cooling, hot water, washing machines, refrigerators and access to health care and public transit).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Aligning your actions and values\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Environmental psychologist Renée Lertzman says most people participate in a system that worsens climate change, and are aware of the impact of those changes, and that can create stress, or “psychological pain” (even if your contribution to the problem is far less than an executive at a fossil fuel company, for example). That pain, she says, can lead a person to step away from taking action on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aligning your actions with your climate values can help to reduce that pain, and build momentum to catalyze you into larger actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you couple individual action with \u003cem>talking \u003c/em>about why you’re doing what you’re doing, you have the potential to create a change larger than yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research from Yale’s climate change and communication program shows that the majority of people who care about climate change \u003ca href=\"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/climate-spiral-silence-america/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rarely or never talk about it with family and friends\u003c/a>, often assuming there are more people who deny climate change than there actually are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When changes become a social norm, it becomes more attractive for politicians and companies to take action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aas8827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just 25% of a population is needed to create a “tipping point”\u003c/a> change in popular opinion. \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aas8827\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>So which side wins? Well, both\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Larger greenhouse gas emission reductions are possible through changing systems, but it’s valuable for individuals to make personal changes, too, especially in wealthy countries like the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it matters which actions you take, as research shows that some actions, like calling your representative and cutting down on driving, are far more effective than others, like fretting about your plastic straw. Read more about\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977314/climate-change-is-here-its-bad-heres-what-you-can-do\"> how to take the most effective actions to address climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist Mann writes in his book that the debate between systems vs. individual change is being exploited by companies to create a rift among those with a common goal: reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s important is to remember that everyone who is working to make a change is on the same team, regardless of where they start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "bay-area-king-tide-floods-foreshadow-future-climate-risk",
"title": "Bay Area King Tide Floods Foreshadow Future Climate Risk",
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"headTitle": "Bay Area King Tide Floods Foreshadow Future Climate Risk | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend, the dramatic winter tides known as king tides may flood the shoreline around San Francisco Bay, offering photographers some amazing shots and foreshadowing what rising seas could be like across the Bay Area because of human-caused climate change. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco Bay has already risen about eight inches since the mid-1800s. Over the next 20 to 30 years, seas could rise by about a foot along the California coast, says \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/hamlington/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ben Hamlington\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, NASA’s Sea Level Change Team leader.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These king tide events really do give us an idea of what we might be seeing in the not-too-distant future,” he said. “This will be our new baseline.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KQEDnews/status/1466897533561565186\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">King tides, which happen every winter, produce both the highest and the lowest tides of the year. Ocean levels fluctuate when the moon and Earth orbit close to the sun. This natural occurrence increases gravitational pull on the ocean. When a winter storm \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/news/dec15/california-flooding.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">coincides\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with a king tide event in an El Niño year, water levels and flooding can be even higher. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hamlington says small floods today could become extreme floods in just a few decades. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But how far inland the seas reach after 2050, he says, is up to humans and whether we dramatically reduce or stop relying on fossil fuels, which, when burned, emit gases that warm the atmosphere. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These very big increases in sea level rise become more of a concern if we continue down a bad path in terms of emissions,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KJBaylor/status/1466859178798968833?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend and on Jan. 1-3, king tides in the Bay Area could be as high as 7 feet and flood low-lying communities and tourist areas. The National Weather Service has issued a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=sto&wwa=all\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">coastal flood advisory\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from Friday through Sunday afternoon. Hamlington says tides will be about a foot higher, and lower, than they normally would be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California King Tides Project\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> encourages people to send photos of the high tides as part of an ongoing citizen science project. Manager Annie Kohut Frankel says the images will help planners, researchers and communicators understand current coastal vulnerabilities and how severe sea level rise could inundate areas around the bay in the coming decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If you go out during these high tides, and you see a beach that’s underwater or a trail or road that’s flooded, you can picture the water being at least that high every single day in the not-too-distant future,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During king tides, flooding may intensify all around the Bay Area; the tides often flood parts of San Francisco’s Embarcadero, where water splashes over the sea wall. Last October an atmospheric river inundated parts of the Embarcadero, says Matt Wickens, an engineer for the Port of San Francisco Waterfront Resilience Program.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/burritojustice/status/1466453394818617349?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There were places on our waterfront where we just couldn’t get water from land out to the bay fast enough, and it resulted in flooding,” Wickens said of efforts to pump water from streets.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But what he’s worried about is a king tide aggravated by a big storm or an atmospheric river, which he says is a combination we haven’t yet seen in the Bay Area.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In November, the SF Port Commission released a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sfport.com/files/2021-11/11092021_Item%2010A%20Waterfront%20Resilience%20Program%20Update_final_0.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> saying the city will need to raise parts of the Embarcadero between 2 and 7 feet to forestall flooding as the climate emergency continues. The port may detail a series of projects as early as next year to respond to sea level rise and prepare for earthquakes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Keep your eye on the ocean this weekend if you go out to photograph the king tides — and take a look at what could be the future in a warming world.",
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"title": "Bay Area King Tide Floods Foreshadow Future Climate Risk | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend, the dramatic winter tides known as king tides may flood the shoreline around San Francisco Bay, offering photographers some amazing shots and foreshadowing what rising seas could be like across the Bay Area because of human-caused climate change. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco Bay has already risen about eight inches since the mid-1800s. Over the next 20 to 30 years, seas could rise by about a foot along the California coast, says \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/hamlington/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ben Hamlington\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, NASA’s Sea Level Change Team leader.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These king tide events really do give us an idea of what we might be seeing in the not-too-distant future,” he said. “This will be our new baseline.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">King tides, which happen every winter, produce both the highest and the lowest tides of the year. Ocean levels fluctuate when the moon and Earth orbit close to the sun. This natural occurrence increases gravitational pull on the ocean. When a winter storm \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/news/dec15/california-flooding.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">coincides\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with a king tide event in an El Niño year, water levels and flooding can be even higher. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hamlington says small floods today could become extreme floods in just a few decades. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But how far inland the seas reach after 2050, he says, is up to humans and whether we dramatically reduce or stop relying on fossil fuels, which, when burned, emit gases that warm the atmosphere. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“These very big increases in sea level rise become more of a concern if we continue down a bad path in terms of emissions,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This weekend and on Jan. 1-3, king tides in the Bay Area could be as high as 7 feet and flood low-lying communities and tourist areas. The National Weather Service has issued a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=sto&wwa=all\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">coastal flood advisory\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from Friday through Sunday afternoon. Hamlington says tides will be about a foot higher, and lower, than they normally would be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California King Tides Project\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> encourages people to send photos of the high tides as part of an ongoing citizen science project. Manager Annie Kohut Frankel says the images will help planners, researchers and communicators understand current coastal vulnerabilities and how severe sea level rise could inundate areas around the bay in the coming decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If you go out during these high tides, and you see a beach that’s underwater or a trail or road that’s flooded, you can picture the water being at least that high every single day in the not-too-distant future,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During king tides, flooding may intensify all around the Bay Area; the tides often flood parts of San Francisco’s Embarcadero, where water splashes over the sea wall. Last October an atmospheric river inundated parts of the Embarcadero, says Matt Wickens, an engineer for the Port of San Francisco Waterfront Resilience Program.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There were places on our waterfront where we just couldn’t get water from land out to the bay fast enough, and it resulted in flooding,” Wickens said of efforts to pump water from streets.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But what he’s worried about is a king tide aggravated by a big storm or an atmospheric river, which he says is a combination we haven’t yet seen in the Bay Area.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In November, the SF Port Commission released a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sfport.com/files/2021-11/11092021_Item%2010A%20Waterfront%20Resilience%20Program%20Update_final_0.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> saying the city will need to raise parts of the Embarcadero between 2 and 7 feet to forestall flooding as the climate emergency continues. The port may detail a series of projects as early as next year to respond to sea level rise and prepare for earthquakes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "First U.S. Case of Omicron Variant Found in San Francisco Resident",
"headTitle": "First U.S. Case of Omicron Variant Found in San Francisco Resident | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Updated 3:10 p.m. Wednesday \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and San Francisco health officials have detected the first U.S. case of the omicron variant in a San Francisco resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The individual “was a traveler who returned from South Africa on November 22, 2021,” the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1201-omicron-variant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a>. The individual, who was fully vaccinated with Moderna’s shot, has mild symptoms that are improving and is “self-quarantining and has been since testing positive,” the CDC wrote, adding that “all close contacts have been contacted and have tested negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant Colfax, San Francisco’s director of health, urged caution and said in a statement the city is “relatively well positioned to handle COVID-19 and its variants because of our high vaccination rates, our high booster uptake, and other local health measures such as masking and testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RaquelMDillon/status/1466132121974497283?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will stay alert and vigilant and do what we need to do to protect ourselves,” he said. “This means getting vaccinated, getting your booster, wearing a mask indoors, and taking the other steps we know help slow the spread.”[aside postID=news_11890031 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS52115_GettyImages-1344323369-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s robust surveillance system\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a Wednesday press conference that on Nov. 28 the infected individual took a COVID-19 test, which returned positive the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testing company sent the sample to a UCSF lab, which quickly detected the omicron variant using genomic sequencing. Scientists working with the CDC later confirmed their work. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"California and San Francisco departments of public health\"]‘Despite the detection of Omicron, Delta remains the predominant strain in the United States.’[/pullquote]Newsom applauded California’s aggressive approach to testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the most robust testing program and protocols in the nation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the U.S. struggled to keep pace with the need for genomic sequencing to track mutant variants of COVID-19, spurring President Joe Biden to spend roughly $1 billion to ramp up federal testing capability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. sequenced just 8,000 COVID-19 samples per week, but last month the country sequenced 10 times that many — roughly 1 in 7 positive cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/11/30/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-70/\">according to the CDC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, which last May \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/16/fact-sheet-biden-administration-announces-1-7-billion-investment-to-fight-covid-19-variants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">received\u003c/a> $17 million of Biden’s nationwide investment, sequenced 16% of its positive cases in August 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/COVID-Variants.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the latest numbers posted publicly\u003c/a> by the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remind people it’s not surprising in many respects that California is announcing the first case,” Newsom said. “This state is the birthplace of, after all, of the biotech [industry]. UCSF is one of the leading genomic sequencing institutions in the world, and we are blessed to have their partnership and have their expertise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Chin-Hong, a professor at UCSF’s medical school, told KQED that California has a robust surveillance system for tracking COVID-19 variants. That system is more advanced than the nation’s, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. “has not been at the forefront of genomic sequencing for variants in general,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California Department of Public Health is doing better,” he said. “It’s easier in California, because of a close partnership between politicians, academics and private labs, and a really strong public health department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and city health departments say they’re continuing to monitor for the variant using the genomic sequence surveillance system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Aggressive testing underway\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Newsom said officials cannot reveal too much information about the person’s private situation, but in broad strokes: They are not hospitalized, and no one they’ve come into contact with has tested positive “yet to our knowledge,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To help detect and prevent the spread of this new variant, the State of California is increasing COVID-19 testing at our airports for arrivals from countries identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),” state health officials said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDC has been actively monitoring and preparing for this variant, and we will continue to work diligently with other U.S. and global public health and industry partners to learn more. Despite the detection of Omicron, Delta remains the predominant strain in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California COVID cases inch upward\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s test positivity rate ticked up a percentage point this past week, from 1.9% to 3%, according to state health statistics. Officials are still evaluating new data for signs of Thanksgiving-related coronavirus spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next few days, we’ll have a sense of what that Thanksgiving spread may have looked like,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the governor pointed out that the state’s test positivity rate is far lower now compared to last year at this time, when cases were spiking at the beginning of a winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming holiday season is another reason, among many, to ensure that people are vaccinated and boosted, said Mark Ghaly, California’s health secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one individual, indeed, I want to highlight — fully vaccinated,” Ghaly said. “And some people might say, well, is that of concern? Does that mean the vaccines aren’t working? We have been talking for months about the fact that vaccinations do one really, really important thing: protect against severe disease, against hospitalization and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that the person who tested positive for omicron has mild symptoms “is a testament to the importance of vaccinations,” Ghaly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That also was the message from the White House, Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal COVID-19 Response Coordinator Jeff Zients said, in a statement, that “it was only a matter of time” before omicron was detected here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new variant is cause for continued vigilance, not panic,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Natalia Navarro contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Updated 3:10 p.m. Wednesday \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and San Francisco health officials have detected the first U.S. case of the omicron variant in a San Francisco resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The individual “was a traveler who returned from South Africa on November 22, 2021,” the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1201-omicron-variant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a>. The individual, who was fully vaccinated with Moderna’s shot, has mild symptoms that are improving and is “self-quarantining and has been since testing positive,” the CDC wrote, adding that “all close contacts have been contacted and have tested negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant Colfax, San Francisco’s director of health, urged caution and said in a statement the city is “relatively well positioned to handle COVID-19 and its variants because of our high vaccination rates, our high booster uptake, and other local health measures such as masking and testing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom applauded California’s aggressive approach to testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the most robust testing program and protocols in the nation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the U.S. struggled to keep pace with the need for genomic sequencing to track mutant variants of COVID-19, spurring President Joe Biden to spend roughly $1 billion to ramp up federal testing capability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the U.S. sequenced just 8,000 COVID-19 samples per week, but last month the country sequenced 10 times that many — roughly 1 in 7 positive cases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/11/30/press-briefing-by-white-house-covid-19-response-team-and-public-health-officials-70/\">according to the CDC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, which last May \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/16/fact-sheet-biden-administration-announces-1-7-billion-investment-to-fight-covid-19-variants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">received\u003c/a> $17 million of Biden’s nationwide investment, sequenced 16% of its positive cases in August 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/COVID-Variants.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the latest numbers posted publicly\u003c/a> by the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remind people it’s not surprising in many respects that California is announcing the first case,” Newsom said. “This state is the birthplace of, after all, of the biotech [industry]. UCSF is one of the leading genomic sequencing institutions in the world, and we are blessed to have their partnership and have their expertise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Chin-Hong, a professor at UCSF’s medical school, told KQED that California has a robust surveillance system for tracking COVID-19 variants. That system is more advanced than the nation’s, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. “has not been at the forefront of genomic sequencing for variants in general,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California Department of Public Health is doing better,” he said. “It’s easier in California, because of a close partnership between politicians, academics and private labs, and a really strong public health department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and city health departments say they’re continuing to monitor for the variant using the genomic sequence surveillance system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Aggressive testing underway\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Newsom said officials cannot reveal too much information about the person’s private situation, but in broad strokes: They are not hospitalized, and no one they’ve come into contact with has tested positive “yet to our knowledge,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To help detect and prevent the spread of this new variant, the State of California is increasing COVID-19 testing at our airports for arrivals from countries identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),” state health officials said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDC has been actively monitoring and preparing for this variant, and we will continue to work diligently with other U.S. and global public health and industry partners to learn more. Despite the detection of Omicron, Delta remains the predominant strain in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California COVID cases inch upward\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s test positivity rate ticked up a percentage point this past week, from 1.9% to 3%, according to state health statistics. Officials are still evaluating new data for signs of Thanksgiving-related coronavirus spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next few days, we’ll have a sense of what that Thanksgiving spread may have looked like,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the governor pointed out that the state’s test positivity rate is far lower now compared to last year at this time, when cases were spiking at the beginning of a winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming holiday season is another reason, among many, to ensure that people are vaccinated and boosted, said Mark Ghaly, California’s health secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one individual, indeed, I want to highlight — fully vaccinated,” Ghaly said. “And some people might say, well, is that of concern? Does that mean the vaccines aren’t working? We have been talking for months about the fact that vaccinations do one really, really important thing: protect against severe disease, against hospitalization and death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that the person who tested positive for omicron has mild symptoms “is a testament to the importance of vaccinations,” Ghaly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That also was the message from the White House, Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal COVID-19 Response Coordinator Jeff Zients said, in a statement, that “it was only a matter of time” before omicron was detected here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new variant is cause for continued vigilance, not panic,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Natalia Navarro contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NASA to Launch a Telescope Bigger and More Powerful Than Hubble",
"headTitle": "NASA to Launch a Telescope Bigger and More Powerful Than Hubble | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>NASA is performing the final physical exam on its James Webb Space Telescope, the long-awaited successor of the venerable Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will launch the telescope on a European \u003ca href=\"https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Ariane 5 rocket\u003c/a> from French Guiana, sending it into space on a historic mission to probe currently unobservable reaches of our universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally scheduled to launch on Dec. 18, NASA experienced a hiccup during its launch preparations — what the agency is describing as an “\u003ca href=\"https://scitechdaily.com/launch-of-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-delayed-after-incident/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">incident”\u003c/a> — and delayed liftoff until no earlier than Dec. 22 to give engineers time to ensure flight readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope’s destination is a million miles from Earth, a long voyage to a lofty vantage point from where it will peer farther into the universe than we have ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among its many mission goals, the James Webb Space Telescope will explore how \u003ca href=\"https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11534\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">early galaxies formed\u003c/a> and evolved, probe the atmospheres of distant \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a> looking for the chemical signatures of life, observe the \u003ca href=\"https://hubblesite.org/hubble-30th-anniversary/hubbles-exciting-universe/beholding-the-birth-and-death-of-stars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">birth of new stars\u003c/a>, and stare down the ominous darkness of galactic \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2021/06/16/how-supermassive-black-hole-originates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">supermassive black holes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977778\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977778 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1340\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-768x503.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1536x1005.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1920x1256.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The primary mirror of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, a multi-mirror array of 18 hexagonal sections, which combined are 6.5 meters across. The mirror array will capture more than five times as much light as the Hubble Space Telescope. \u003ccite>(NASA/Desiree Stover)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The observatory is named after \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/faqs/whoIsJamesWebb.html\">James E. Webb\u003c/a>, who led NASA from 1961 to 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A high bar for discovery\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://hubblesite.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a> has operated for over three decades, orbiting close to home at roughly 300 miles from Earth’s surface and setting\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/2017/highlights-of-hubble-s-exploration-of-the-universe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a high bar\u003c/a> for future space discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope made thousands of observations with its \u003ca href=\"https://hubblesite.org/mission-and-telescope/the-telescope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.4-meter telescope\u003c/a>, delivering jaw-dropping revelations about the size, age, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/mystery-of-the-universe-s-expansion-rate-widens-with-new-hubble-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expansion\u003c/a>, and evolution of the universe. As well as the birth and death of stars, the formation of planets, and many hidden wonders spread across our own solar system. It’s fair to say that no other observatory, ground- or space-based, has revealed more about the cosmos than Hubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/observatory/ote/mirrors/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">telescope mirror\u003c/a> is much larger than Hubble’s at 6.5-meters and can collect over five times the amount of light, enabling it to probe distances and scales of the universe where Hubble sees only darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telescopes let us look back in time, since it takes the light emitted by distant objects time to reach us. Hubble captured images of distant galaxies as they appeared about 13.5 billion years ago, when the universe — which \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast25may99_1\">Hubble itself determined\u003c/a> to be 13.8 billion years old — was still in the early stages of forming galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb telescope will look further and deeper into the past, observing infant galaxies as they were only 200 million years after the universe was born in the \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-powered-the-big-bang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Big Bang\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within our galaxy, it will probe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2021/hubble-spots-swirls-of-dust-in-the-flame-nebula\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">giant molecular clouds\u003c/a> to see as never before how primordial star systems and planets formed, providing insight to how our own solar system and planet came to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even closer to home, NASA’s new flagship space telescope will follow up on new discoveries of \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1674/nasas-tess-discovers-new-worlds-in-a-river-of-young-stars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a> by measuring their atmospheres, \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1577/a-new-view-of-exoplanets-with-webb/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">looking for signs\u003c/a> of water and the chemical telltales of possible extraterrestrial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA developed the James Webb telescope in partnership with the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not just a larger Hubble\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NASA’s new telescope is different from Hubble in several ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977777\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Eagle Nebula, a molecular cloud in which new stars are being born. The left image was captured in visible light, while the right is an infrared image revealing heat sources that penetrate obscuring dust, allowing us to peer within. Both images were captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. \u003ccite>(NASA/ESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Hubble focused on the visible light emitted by stars, nebulas, galaxies and more, the Webb telescope will specialize in \u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/webb-science/the-observatory/infrared-astronomy\">infrared astronomy\u003c/a>, collecting and analyzing lower energy electromagnetic radiation. Not only will this allow the study of cooler objects and materials, like atmospheres of distant planets and clouds of gas and dust that give birth to new star systems, it will open a window on an infrared universe. Here, observations from Earth’s surface cannot access since the atmosphere blocks most wavelengths of infrared light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will not orbit Earth as Hubble does. Instead, it will circle the sun at Earth’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Herschel/L2_the_second_Lagrangian_Point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> “L2” Lagrangian point\u003c/a>, where the gravitational pull of Earth and sun cancel each other, forming a stable pocket of space where a spacecraft can loiter indefinitely. The location offers a double advantage, holding the observatory within easy communication range while keeping it away from Earth’s intense electromagnetic interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977776\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn-768x960.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, folded into its launch configuration, which will allow it to be packed into the payload compartment of its Ariane 5 launch rocket. \u003ccite>(NASA/Chris Gunn)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Engineers designed Webb’s primary mirror, which is almost three times the diameter of Hubble’s, to fit compactly within its launch rocket. The telescope’s light-collecting apparatus comprises 18 individual hexagonal mirrors that will be unfolded after launch during the monthslong journey to its destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operators expect the observatory will be ready for scientific observations about six months after launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What will we see?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in 1995, researchers using the Hubble Space Telescope made an observation that expanded our vision of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977775 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1045\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-800x784.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-1020x1000.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-160x157.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-768x753.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original Hubble Deep Field image, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. Within this tiny pinpoint on the sky, Hubble revealed over 3,000 distant galaxies never before seen. \u003ccite>(NASA/ESA/STScI/Robert Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They focused Hubble’s powerful eye on a patch of space where other observatories could perceive only darkness. The telescope zoomed in on a spot of sky no larger than Franklin Roosevelt’s eyeball on a dime’s surface and captured an image now known as the “\u003ca href=\"https://esahubble.org/science/deep_fields/\">Hubble Deep Field\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This famous picture revealed over 3,000 distant, never-before-seen galaxies. From this image and others like it, astronomers were able to estimate that there are about 2 trillion galaxies within the observable universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine what the far more discerning eye of the James Webb Space Telescope will reveal of the cosmos.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA is performing the final physical exam on its James Webb Space Telescope, the long-awaited successor of the venerable Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will launch the telescope on a European \u003ca href=\"https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Ariane 5 rocket\u003c/a> from French Guiana, sending it into space on a historic mission to probe currently unobservable reaches of our universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally scheduled to launch on Dec. 18, NASA experienced a hiccup during its launch preparations — what the agency is describing as an “\u003ca href=\"https://scitechdaily.com/launch-of-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-delayed-after-incident/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">incident”\u003c/a> — and delayed liftoff until no earlier than Dec. 22 to give engineers time to ensure flight readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope’s destination is a million miles from Earth, a long voyage to a lofty vantage point from where it will peer farther into the universe than we have ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among its many mission goals, the James Webb Space Telescope will explore how \u003ca href=\"https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11534\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">early galaxies formed\u003c/a> and evolved, probe the atmospheres of distant \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a> looking for the chemical signatures of life, observe the \u003ca href=\"https://hubblesite.org/hubble-30th-anniversary/hubbles-exciting-universe/beholding-the-birth-and-death-of-stars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">birth of new stars\u003c/a>, and stare down the ominous darkness of galactic \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2021/06/16/how-supermassive-black-hole-originates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">supermassive black holes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977778\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977778 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1340\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-768x503.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1536x1005.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1920x1256.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The primary mirror of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, a multi-mirror array of 18 hexagonal sections, which combined are 6.5 meters across. The mirror array will capture more than five times as much light as the Hubble Space Telescope. \u003ccite>(NASA/Desiree Stover)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The observatory is named after \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/faqs/whoIsJamesWebb.html\">James E. Webb\u003c/a>, who led NASA from 1961 to 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A high bar for discovery\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://hubblesite.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hubble Space Telescope\u003c/a> has operated for over three decades, orbiting close to home at roughly 300 miles from Earth’s surface and setting\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/2017/highlights-of-hubble-s-exploration-of-the-universe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a high bar\u003c/a> for future space discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope made thousands of observations with its \u003ca href=\"https://hubblesite.org/mission-and-telescope/the-telescope\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2.4-meter telescope\u003c/a>, delivering jaw-dropping revelations about the size, age, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/mystery-of-the-universe-s-expansion-rate-widens-with-new-hubble-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expansion\u003c/a>, and evolution of the universe. As well as the birth and death of stars, the formation of planets, and many hidden wonders spread across our own solar system. It’s fair to say that no other observatory, ground- or space-based, has revealed more about the cosmos than Hubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/observatory/ote/mirrors/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">telescope mirror\u003c/a> is much larger than Hubble’s at 6.5-meters and can collect over five times the amount of light, enabling it to probe distances and scales of the universe where Hubble sees only darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telescopes let us look back in time, since it takes the light emitted by distant objects time to reach us. Hubble captured images of distant galaxies as they appeared about 13.5 billion years ago, when the universe — which \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/ast25may99_1\">Hubble itself determined\u003c/a> to be 13.8 billion years old — was still in the early stages of forming galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb telescope will look further and deeper into the past, observing infant galaxies as they were only 200 million years after the universe was born in the \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-powered-the-big-bang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Big Bang\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within our galaxy, it will probe \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2021/hubble-spots-swirls-of-dust-in-the-flame-nebula\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">giant molecular clouds\u003c/a> to see as never before how primordial star systems and planets formed, providing insight to how our own solar system and planet came to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even closer to home, NASA’s new flagship space telescope will follow up on new discoveries of \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1674/nasas-tess-discovers-new-worlds-in-a-river-of-young-stars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a> by measuring their atmospheres, \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1577/a-new-view-of-exoplanets-with-webb/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">looking for signs\u003c/a> of water and the chemical telltales of possible extraterrestrial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA developed the James Webb telescope in partnership with the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not just a larger Hubble\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>NASA’s new telescope is different from Hubble in several ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977777\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977777\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/eaglenebula-nasa-esa-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Eagle Nebula, a molecular cloud in which new stars are being born. The left image was captured in visible light, while the right is an infrared image revealing heat sources that penetrate obscuring dust, allowing us to peer within. Both images were captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. \u003ccite>(NASA/ESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Hubble focused on the visible light emitted by stars, nebulas, galaxies and more, the Webb telescope will specialize in \u003ca href=\"https://webbtelescope.org/webb-science/the-observatory/infrared-astronomy\">infrared astronomy\u003c/a>, collecting and analyzing lower energy electromagnetic radiation. Not only will this allow the study of cooler objects and materials, like atmospheres of distant planets and clouds of gas and dust that give birth to new star systems, it will open a window on an infrared universe. Here, observations from Earth’s surface cannot access since the atmosphere blocks most wavelengths of infrared light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will not orbit Earth as Hubble does. Instead, it will circle the sun at Earth’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Herschel/L2_the_second_Lagrangian_Point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> “L2” Lagrangian point\u003c/a>, where the gravitational pull of Earth and sun cancel each other, forming a stable pocket of space where a spacecraft can loiter indefinitely. The location offers a double advantage, holding the observatory within easy communication range while keeping it away from Earth’s intense electromagnetic interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977776\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/jwst-cleanroom-nasa-chris-gunn-768x960.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, folded into its launch configuration, which will allow it to be packed into the payload compartment of its Ariane 5 launch rocket. \u003ccite>(NASA/Chris Gunn)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Engineers designed Webb’s primary mirror, which is almost three times the diameter of Hubble’s, to fit compactly within its launch rocket. The telescope’s light-collecting apparatus comprises 18 individual hexagonal mirrors that will be unfolded after launch during the monthslong journey to its destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operators expect the observatory will be ready for scientific observations about six months after launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What will we see?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Back in 1995, researchers using the Hubble Space Telescope made an observation that expanded our vision of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1045px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1977775 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1045\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI.jpg 1045w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-800x784.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-1020x1000.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-160x157.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/1045px-HubbleDeepField.800px-Robert-Williams-NASA-ESA-STScI-768x753.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The original Hubble Deep Field image, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. Within this tiny pinpoint on the sky, Hubble revealed over 3,000 distant galaxies never before seen. \u003ccite>(NASA/ESA/STScI/Robert Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They focused Hubble’s powerful eye on a patch of space where other observatories could perceive only darkness. The telescope zoomed in on a spot of sky no larger than Franklin Roosevelt’s eyeball on a dime’s surface and captured an image now known as the “\u003ca href=\"https://esahubble.org/science/deep_fields/\">Hubble Deep Field\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This famous picture revealed over 3,000 distant, never-before-seen galaxies. From this image and others like it, astronomers were able to estimate that there are about 2 trillion galaxies within the observable universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine what the far more discerning eye of the James Webb Space Telescope will reveal of the cosmos.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>They might look like harmless grasshoppers, but locusts have an appetite for destruction. When the conditions are right, they transform from mild-mannered loners into gregarious partiers. They swarm, causing chaos and suffering at the level of a biblical plague. So what sets them off?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This might look like a harmless grasshopper, but under the right conditions it has an explosive dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a locust, with an appetite for destruction that can rise to the level of a biblical plague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All locusts are grasshoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the only grasshoppers we call locusts are the ones that swarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, locusts are mild-mannered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They stay put, and blend in to avoid predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is their solitary phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locusts can live like this for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until something sets them off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the arid regions across the world where locusts make their homes, that trigger is often a hard rain, especially following a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That deluge makes plants flourish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solitary locusts eat and eat, fueling up and making more locusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As their numbers swell, they inadvertently bump into each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hairs on their back legs are particularly sensitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that contact triggers a pulse of serotonin: a hormone that transforms them from loners into partiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just a few hours they can go from a solitarious phase to a gregarious phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molt by molt, the locusts change from a camouflage green to an in-your-face yellow and black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bright colors help scare off predators by telling them the locusts taste bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These transformed locusts have a huge appetite, and not just for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty soon they’re surrounded by baby locusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when things start getting crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even a feast this big won’t last long with so many hungry guests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restless young locusts start hopping and marching together, forming groups called bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a locust outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the locusts mature, they grow wings and take to the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant swarms number in the billions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They devour entire farms in hours, wiping out people’s livelihoods, and causing mass starvation and misery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outbreaks like these can last for months or years, even decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes huge amounts of insecticides to knock back a full-on swarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A better strategy is to catch minor outbreaks before they get massive, but they can be hard to spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Arizona State University are looking into one way to defend against locust destruction by making land less inviting to some species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They put locusts into wind tunnels to see how far the insects can fly based on what they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve found some locusts thrive, and spread farthest, on a diet rich in carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land managers can make their crops and pasturelands richer in protein and lower in carbohydrates if they increase the amount of organic matter in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avoiding overgrazing helps, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are expensive propositions and currently out of reach for many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if we can keep working on ways to cut back on the carbs it might just help prevent a plague.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, locusts are mild-mannered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They stay put, and blend in to avoid predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is their solitary phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locusts can live like this for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until something sets them off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the arid regions across the world where locusts make their homes, that trigger is often a hard rain, especially following a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That deluge makes plants flourish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solitary locusts eat and eat, fueling up and making more locusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As their numbers swell, they inadvertently bump into each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hairs on their back legs are particularly sensitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that contact triggers a pulse of serotonin: a hormone that transforms them from loners into partiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just a few hours they can go from a solitarious phase to a gregarious phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molt by molt, the locusts change from a camouflage green to an in-your-face yellow and black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bright colors help scare off predators by telling them the locusts taste bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These transformed locusts have a huge appetite, and not just for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty soon they’re surrounded by baby locusts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when things start getting crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even a feast this big won’t last long with so many hungry guests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restless young locusts start hopping and marching together, forming groups called bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a locust outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the locusts mature, they grow wings and take to the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant swarms number in the billions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They devour entire farms in hours, wiping out people’s livelihoods, and causing mass starvation and misery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outbreaks like these can last for months or years, even decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes huge amounts of insecticides to knock back a full-on swarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A better strategy is to catch minor outbreaks before they get massive, but they can be hard to spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Arizona State University are looking into one way to defend against locust destruction by making land less inviting to some species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They put locusts into wind tunnels to see how far the insects can fly based on what they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve found some locusts thrive, and spread farthest, on a diet rich in carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land managers can make their crops and pasturelands richer in protein and lower in carbohydrates if they increase the amount of organic matter in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avoiding overgrazing helps, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are expensive propositions and currently out of reach for many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if we can keep working on ways to cut back on the carbs it might just help prevent a plague.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Rolling Deep': Here's How Latinos Are Reshaping California Environmentalism",
"headTitle": "‘Rolling Deep’: Here’s How Latinos Are Reshaping California Environmentalism | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Latino power players stacked the California delegation at this month’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-business-europe-united-kingdom-scotland-459b7ca49f7a55736db4ff0206c42d60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.N. climate meeting in Glasgow\u003c/a>, which concluded last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is rolling deep, as they say,” said Assemblyman Eddie Garcia, who represents the Coachella Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was one of the state’s Latino elected officials high on the state’s delegate list, along with Lauren Sanchez, the governor’s senior climate adviser and Senate Majority Whip Lena Gonzalez; many Latino researchers like Michael Méndez, an environmental planner from UC Irvine, attended, as well as, activists, organizers and protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not your abuelita’s environmental movement, attendees of the conference told KQED. Young Latino climate activists demand swift action, while leaders of organizations embrace a broader definition of environmentalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of this movement, they say, is on how the planet impacts people — especially health, opportunities and environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an immigrant and a person of Mexican heritage, I felt really proud,” said Alvaro Sanchez, vice president of policy at the Greenlining Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Rings of power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The setup at the U.N.’s annual Conference of the Parties is organized around concentric circles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the center of this year’s gathering, countries hashed out details of a new climate change agreement. While some countries committed to more ambitious cuts to heat-trapping pollution, others did not agree to rein in emissions fast enough for the world to avoid the worst damage from climate-driven disasters, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States like California were not involved in those negotiations. But credentialed insiders were allowed access to an inner circle, what attendees call the “blue zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next circle is the “green zone.” It’s designed to provide limited access and is where experts and advocates lobby and network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the official conference and outside the secure area, protesters demonstrate to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea is that when people are coming in through the blue zone, they see all this advocacy,” said Marce Gutiérrez-Graudiņš, COP veteran and founder of the San Francisco-based ocean conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://azul.org/en/who-are-we/\">Azul.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The view from the blue zone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Legislators, scientists and big names in the climate world are in the blue zone — as are thousands of people who want to get close to them for some face time. State policymakers are always much in demand by their counterparts from municipal and regional governments at these meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia had access to the blue zone as a member of the state’s official delegation. He said California is an international model for climate policy, adding that the state’s “role at this conference is to continue to be a global leader in climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon makes the case that California is where new ideas get tested in the real world, proof positive that cutting emissions won’t destroy the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state generates climate solutions, like electric vehicles, regulations on power plant emissions and original research into the consequences of a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Rendon said, the California model is not perfect and needs improvement. Millions of Californians drive cars and run air conditioners, producing planet-warming emissions just like other industrialized economies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to tell the story of what we’ve done,” Rendon said. “But I think we need to do more. [California’s emissions reductions] have not been as as aggressive as I would like them to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The view from the green zone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sure, California has lots of ideas to share, the Greenlining Institute’s Sanchez said, but it’s also an oil-producing state where some residents — especially working-class people of color — suffer from extreme heat and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see over and over again that people of color are very concerned about climate, that people of color want government to take action on climate,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez attended previous COPs as a guest of the state delegation, but watched this one from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other environmental groups are working with a new generation of climate activists who value rules to protect public health and equal access to nature over traditional conversation priorities, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956446/state-park-plan-is-conservationists-dream-but-reformers-want-focus-on-park-poor-neighborhoods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expanded wilderness protections.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we talk about climate, we’re also talking about access to technology and economic opportunity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez emigrated from Mexico City as a child. He and Gutiérrez-Graudiņš both described being shaped by the experience of coming up as the only person of color in the room in California’s traditional environmental organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so frustrating when I’m in environmental spaces where it’s mostly dominated by white people,” Sanchez said. “It feels isolating to me as a Latino. Often still to this day I’m one of very few people of color in the space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gutiérrez-Graudiņš said the environmental movement will have failed if Latinos, who are 40% of the state’s population, continue to feel this way. But some movement organizers just don’t get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks would have meetings in a yacht club in Orange County and wonder why no more people came in,” she said. “There was a lot of like, Hey Marcela, can you bring some like Latinos for this? As if I had baskets of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The view outside the rings from the streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Marco Lemus, a food justice organizer with Richmond’s \u003ca href=\"https://urbantilth.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Urban Tilth\u003c/a>, attended a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894453/youth-environmental-activists-call-out-funders-of-climate-chaos\"> recent climate protest\u003c/a> in San Francisco. He also attended the Glasgow meeting, demonstrating in the streets\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His goal was to “highlight that the climate crisis is a product of our systems” and to make a point that “it’s not something that we can just grow our way out of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemus grew up in the shadow of Richmond’s refineries. He said he doesn’t trust that anyone at COP had his interests in mind. That’s why he preferred to get involved in climate justice through direct action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Lemus, California is not the model. It’s where city kids get asthma and farmworkers die of heat exhaustion. He worries that his generation will spend their whole lives dealing with climate-driven disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Lemus got on his first international plane trip to protest at COP26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violeta Vasquez, 24, has no interest in international climate conferences. She said the diplomats, politicians and experts at COP should go back to their hometowns and look at what helps the communities, including Latinos most affected by climate change and the fossil fuel industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her activism lives closer to her San Francisco home, at \u003ca href=\"https://www.podersf.org/event/crocker-farm-collective-gardening/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hummingbird Farm\u003c/a>, a project of \u003ca href=\"https://www.podersf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PODER\u003c/a> in the Crocker-Amazon neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, she and a friend moved mulch there, bundling stalks of \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/plant/teosinte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">teosinte\u003c/a>, a wild ancestor of maize that native peoples of Southern Mexico \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/subjects/plant-domestication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">domesticated\u003c/a> many years ago. She looks to Indigenous peoples who built civilizations around corn, and whose traditions are still celebrated by Mexican Americans,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Indigenous peoples since before colonization have always been very acutely aware of our relationship between humans and Earth, of needing to live in a harmonious way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says whether it’s through direct action or community gardening, the most effective strategy is one that builds a constituency and demands urgent action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez agrees: “At the end of the day, it doesn’t matter whether you’re in Sacramento or at COP. It’s the political capital that you have behind your advocacy that’s going to make a difference,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He appreciates the energy of young organizers because it keeps the pressure on the decision-makers. And that’s the goal that Latino climate activists all share.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Latino power players stacked the California delegation at this month’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-business-europe-united-kingdom-scotland-459b7ca49f7a55736db4ff0206c42d60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.N. climate meeting in Glasgow\u003c/a>, which concluded last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is rolling deep, as they say,” said Assemblyman Eddie Garcia, who represents the Coachella Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was one of the state’s Latino elected officials high on the state’s delegate list, along with Lauren Sanchez, the governor’s senior climate adviser and Senate Majority Whip Lena Gonzalez; many Latino researchers like Michael Méndez, an environmental planner from UC Irvine, attended, as well as, activists, organizers and protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not your abuelita’s environmental movement, attendees of the conference told KQED. Young Latino climate activists demand swift action, while leaders of organizations embrace a broader definition of environmentalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of this movement, they say, is on how the planet impacts people — especially health, opportunities and environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an immigrant and a person of Mexican heritage, I felt really proud,” said Alvaro Sanchez, vice president of policy at the Greenlining Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Rings of power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The setup at the U.N.’s annual Conference of the Parties is organized around concentric circles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the center of this year’s gathering, countries hashed out details of a new climate change agreement. While some countries committed to more ambitious cuts to heat-trapping pollution, others did not agree to rein in emissions fast enough for the world to avoid the worst damage from climate-driven disasters, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">NPR reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States like California were not involved in those negotiations. But credentialed insiders were allowed access to an inner circle, what attendees call the “blue zone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next circle is the “green zone.” It’s designed to provide limited access and is where experts and advocates lobby and network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the official conference and outside the secure area, protesters demonstrate to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea is that when people are coming in through the blue zone, they see all this advocacy,” said Marce Gutiérrez-Graudiņš, COP veteran and founder of the San Francisco-based ocean conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://azul.org/en/who-are-we/\">Azul.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The view from the blue zone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Legislators, scientists and big names in the climate world are in the blue zone — as are thousands of people who want to get close to them for some face time. State policymakers are always much in demand by their counterparts from municipal and regional governments at these meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia had access to the blue zone as a member of the state’s official delegation. He said California is an international model for climate policy, adding that the state’s “role at this conference is to continue to be a global leader in climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon makes the case that California is where new ideas get tested in the real world, proof positive that cutting emissions won’t destroy the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state generates climate solutions, like electric vehicles, regulations on power plant emissions and original research into the consequences of a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Rendon said, the California model is not perfect and needs improvement. Millions of Californians drive cars and run air conditioners, producing planet-warming emissions just like other industrialized economies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to tell the story of what we’ve done,” Rendon said. “But I think we need to do more. [California’s emissions reductions] have not been as as aggressive as I would like them to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The view from the green zone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sure, California has lots of ideas to share, the Greenlining Institute’s Sanchez said, but it’s also an oil-producing state where some residents — especially working-class people of color — suffer from extreme heat and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see over and over again that people of color are very concerned about climate, that people of color want government to take action on climate,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez attended previous COPs as a guest of the state delegation, but watched this one from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other environmental groups are working with a new generation of climate activists who value rules to protect public health and equal access to nature over traditional conversation priorities, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956446/state-park-plan-is-conservationists-dream-but-reformers-want-focus-on-park-poor-neighborhoods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expanded wilderness protections.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we talk about climate, we’re also talking about access to technology and economic opportunity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez emigrated from Mexico City as a child. He and Gutiérrez-Graudiņš both described being shaped by the experience of coming up as the only person of color in the room in California’s traditional environmental organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so frustrating when I’m in environmental spaces where it’s mostly dominated by white people,” Sanchez said. “It feels isolating to me as a Latino. Often still to this day I’m one of very few people of color in the space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gutiérrez-Graudiņš said the environmental movement will have failed if Latinos, who are 40% of the state’s population, continue to feel this way. But some movement organizers just don’t get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks would have meetings in a yacht club in Orange County and wonder why no more people came in,” she said. “There was a lot of like, Hey Marcela, can you bring some like Latinos for this? As if I had baskets of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The view outside the rings from the streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Marco Lemus, a food justice organizer with Richmond’s \u003ca href=\"https://urbantilth.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Urban Tilth\u003c/a>, attended a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894453/youth-environmental-activists-call-out-funders-of-climate-chaos\"> recent climate protest\u003c/a> in San Francisco. He also attended the Glasgow meeting, demonstrating in the streets\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His goal was to “highlight that the climate crisis is a product of our systems” and to make a point that “it’s not something that we can just grow our way out of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemus grew up in the shadow of Richmond’s refineries. He said he doesn’t trust that anyone at COP had his interests in mind. That’s why he preferred to get involved in climate justice through direct action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Lemus, California is not the model. It’s where city kids get asthma and farmworkers die of heat exhaustion. He worries that his generation will spend their whole lives dealing with climate-driven disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Lemus got on his first international plane trip to protest at COP26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violeta Vasquez, 24, has no interest in international climate conferences. She said the diplomats, politicians and experts at COP should go back to their hometowns and look at what helps the communities, including Latinos most affected by climate change and the fossil fuel industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her activism lives closer to her San Francisco home, at \u003ca href=\"https://www.podersf.org/event/crocker-farm-collective-gardening/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hummingbird Farm\u003c/a>, a project of \u003ca href=\"https://www.podersf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PODER\u003c/a> in the Crocker-Amazon neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, she and a friend moved mulch there, bundling stalks of \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/plant/teosinte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">teosinte\u003c/a>, a wild ancestor of maize that native peoples of Southern Mexico \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/subjects/plant-domestication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">domesticated\u003c/a> many years ago. She looks to Indigenous peoples who built civilizations around corn, and whose traditions are still celebrated by Mexican Americans,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Indigenous peoples since before colonization have always been very acutely aware of our relationship between humans and Earth, of needing to live in a harmonious way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says whether it’s through direct action or community gardening, the most effective strategy is one that builds a constituency and demands urgent action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez agrees: “At the end of the day, it doesn’t matter whether you’re in Sacramento or at COP. It’s the political capital that you have behind your advocacy that’s going to make a difference,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Here Are 8 Lingering Questions About the New COVID Pills From Merck and Pfizer",
"headTitle": "Here Are 8 Lingering Questions About the New COVID Pills From Merck and Pfizer | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he past two months have brought extremely good news in the fight against COVID-19. Two different oral treatments have proved effective at both preventing people newly diagnosed with COVID-19 from entering the hospital and from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re accelerating our path out of this pandemic,” President Biden said after data on the second COVID pill became available. The wide availability of oral drugs could make COVID-19 less lethal, making it less risky for people to return to in-person work and to their normal lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/10/01/mercks-antiviral-pill-reduces-hospitalization-of-covid-patients-a-possible-game-changer-for-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first results\u003c/a>, from Merck and Ridgeback Therapeutics, were released in October and will be considered by an advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration in December. That could lead to an emergency use authorization in the U.S. by the end of the year. That drug, molnupiravir, reduced hospitalizations by 50% and prevented deaths entirely a large randomized clinical trial when it was given within five days of when symptoms began. The pill is given as a five-day course during which patients take a total of 40 pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Pfizer announced that its COVID pill, Paxlovid, reduced hospitalizations by 89% and also prevented deaths in its own large randomized study. As with the Merck drug, Paxlovid is given as a five-day course. It must be given with a second medicine, a booster, called ritonavir, which is made by AbbVie, another large drug firm. The Pfizer regimen involves taking 30 pills over a five-day period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the topline results are similar, the medicines could have different risks and benefits. The companies have only issued data in press releases, not scientific articles, and doctors need to know a lot more about both. Here is an overview of what we still don’t know about the COVID pills and when we might learn it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Which one works better?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At the headline level, Pfizer’s pill reduced the risk of hospitalization and death \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/11/05/experimental-pfizer-pill-prevents-covid-hospitalizations-and-deaths/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">by 89%,\u003c/a> while Merck showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/10/01/mercks-antiviral-pill-reduces-hospitalization-of-covid-patients-a-possible-game-changer-for-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a reduction of 50%\u003c/a>. But neither firm has disclosed detailed data from its pivotal studies, and the trials were not identically designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies enrolled similar populations — unvaccinated people with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at least one risk factor for severe disease — but they had slightly different measures of efficacy. Pfizer’s 89% figure comes from patients who started getting its pill, Paxlovid, within three days of their first COVID-19 symptoms. Merck’s 50% applies to patients who began treatment within five days. In the Paxlovid study, patients who started treatment within five days saw an 85% improvement in hospitalization or death versus placebo. Merck has not shared data on patients who got its drug within three days of symptom onset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the studies had in common was 100% efficacy against death, regardless of when patients started treatment. Merck’s study counted eight deaths among patients on placebo, and Pfizer’s observed 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the safety side, the rate of side effects in both studies was similar between the treatment groups and placebo groups. In each study, fewer patients in the treatment group left the study due to side effects compared to those in the placebo group. Neither company has disclosed detailed data on the type and severity of side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each treatment is administered twice a day for five total days, amounting to 10 doses in total. Pfizer’s drug is co-administered with a common antiviral called ritonavir.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Will the antiviral be available for vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Both companies conducted their studies entirely in patients who were at high risk of complications if they caught COVID and who also had not been vaccinated. That leads to a big question for policymakers: Should those who have been vaccinated, but who develop a breakthrough infection of SARS-CoV-2, be given the pills?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now that is a question without data. A third antiviral pill, from the biotech firm Atea and the large drug firm Roche, failed to prove it was effective in its own study, and Wall Street analysts suspect the reason is that the companies included vaccinated patients in the research. For those who have received the vaccine, hospitalization and death are much less likely. This means that it is harder for a drug to show efficacy, because there are fewer infections to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So regulators and public health officials will have to make a judgement on the risks and benefits of the COVID pills for people with breakthrough infections — without direct data in these populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer is running a clinical trial, with results due next year, that does include vaccinated patients, and the company’s executives have expressed confidence based on the results so far that the treatment should work. Both Merck and Pfizer are also running studies to show that the drugs can prevent people from developing symptoms if they take the antivirals after they are exposed to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Do the drugs work the same way?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No, not really. While both drugs interfere with the process the coronavirus uses to reproduce itself, each drug interferes at a very different point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck’s drug throws a wrench into the works quite early. After someone takes molnupiravir, the drug is transformed into something uncannily similar to one of RNA’s chemical building blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modification is so subtle that not only will the coronavirus use molnupiravir in place of other building blocks when it replicates itself, but coronaviruses’ unusual proofreading mechanism can’t even pick up on the imposter compound. Over time, the drug will encourage the virus to introduce even more mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, this leads to what’s known as error catastrophe. It’s introducing so many different mutations that, eventually, nothing further can happen,” said Katherine Seley-Radtke, a medicinal chemist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. “You’ve got this completely mutated RNA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s drug, Paxlovid, acts at a completely different point in the virus’ reproductive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s apples and oranges,” said Ronald Swanstrom, a biochemistry professor at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike molnupiravir, Paxlovid allows the strings of viral RNA to be assembled correctly. It even allows those strings to be used to create viral proteins, which are initially produced in one big chunk. Like a bolt of fabric before it’s cut to a clothing pattern, this protein needs to be chopped down to size before it can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That cutting is what Paxlovid prohibits. The drug is designed to bind to a particularly important point in an enzyme called a protease which slices up proteins. Without a functioning protease, the virus can’t create functional copies; no working virus, no problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protease inhibitors have been used for decades to create more than a dozen drugs for HIV and hepatitis C; in some cases, they’ve also been used as cancer drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a long history of medicinal chemistry targeting proteases,” said Bryan Dickinson, a chemical biologist at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paxlovid is designed with a SARS-CoV-2-specific protease in mind, so it works more specifically on this coronavirus than molnupiravir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Paxlovid can’t work as well if it’s taken on its own. The body’s defense mechanisms will get rid of anything that it doesn’t recognize — including drugs, which can be digested by enzymes in a person’s liver. Another drug called ritonavir blocks the liver enzyme that would likely chew up Paxlovid, which gives the latter drug the space it needs to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How do they compare with monoclonal antibodies?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly have each won FDA authorization for antibody combination therapies that keep recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients from hospitalization and death. In a Phase 3 study enrolling recently diagnosed patients at high risk for severe disease, Regeneron’s treatment reduced the risk of hospitalization or death \u003ca href=\"https://investor.regeneron.com/news-releases/news-release-details/phase-3-trial-shows-regen-covtm-casirivimab-imdevimab-antibody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">by 70%\u003c/a> compared to placebo. In a similar study, Lilly’s therapy showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lillys-bamlanivimab-and-etesevimab-together-reduced-hospitalizations-and-death-in-phase-3-trial-for-early-covid-19-301243984.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an 87% reduction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest difference is one of convenience. The antibody treatments are administered intravenously in a one-time, roughly hour-long process (Regeneron’s is authorized for subcutaneous injection when an IV procedure is not feasible). That could make the treatments from Pfizer and Merck, taken orally at home, preferable to patients unable to visit an infusion center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a difference in cost. Regeneron and Lilly have signed deals with the federal government to sell their treatments at about $1,250 per dose. Merck’s agreement with the U.S. works out to about $700 for a five-day course of molnupiravir. Pfizer is still negotiating contracts but is expected to set a similar price for Paxlovid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How easy will they be to get?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A pill is a huge leap in terms of logistical ease over infused therapies like monoclonal antibodies. For those treatments, not only did people have to make their way to clinics for their infusions, but hospitals and other facilities had to set up places where people who were actively infectious could come get treated without risking others’ health. (The other antiviral authorized to treat COVID-19, Gilead’s remdesivir, is an infusion and approved only for hospitalized patients, but some data indicate that if it were to be given to patients earlier in their infections, it could have a greater effect. If its approval ever covered outpatients, however, it would still run into the same logistical challenges of an infused therapy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the COVID pills come with a key challenge of their own. They’re most effective when given early in the infection, so people need to be able to get tested and get their prescription rapidly. And the U.S. testing landscape is still limited. PCR tests can take days to return a result, and though the Biden administration has upped its effort to expand the availability of at-home rapid tests, finding one at a store is still hit or miss — success feels like scoring this holiday season’s hottest gift. Any delay in getting diagnosed undercuts the power of these pills; even a day or two has real implications for a treatment meant to clear out an acute infection like COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Will it affect a patient’s DNA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This is really a question only for Merck’s molnupiravir, since it works by sneaking subtly corrupted parts into the coronavirus’s RNA sequence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the virus has mutated too much, it can’t work — mission accomplished. But there’s a theoretical chance that molnupiravir could also influence normal human DNA when it replicates, too. If mutations happen during that process, it could spell real trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck did some tests during molnupiravir’s development to check this possibility out. In two different types of animal studies using higher and longer doses than are given to humans, Merck’s scientists didn’t see any increased risk of unwanted mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very confident in the safety profile of molnupiravir based on our preclinical and clinical data,” executive vice president Dean Li told investors in an October conference call, according to a transcript in the financial database Sentieo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UNC’s Swanstrom isn’t completely convinced that the tests Merck did were sensitive enough. In August, he and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33961695/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a paper in\u003c/a> the Journal of Infectious Diseases showing that a key metabolite of molnupiravir could mutate DNA in animal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these results, Swanstrom said he would be particularly interested in seeing a long-term study of people who took molnupiravir to continue to monitor this potential effect over the next 10 or 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing is going to go into thousands of people. And are we just going to ignore the fact that there’s this potential risk?” he said. “The risk could be zero. It could be no worse than going to get a dental X-ray — or it could do something more. But unless we find out, you know, we’re going to learn this lesson the hard way, way later than we should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What might the new antivirals mean for cancer patients?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because the new antiviral Pfizer is developing is a protease inhibitor, infectious disease specialists are familiar with how it works. So we already know: These drugs have the potential to interfere with many therapies used to treat cancer, Tobias Hohl, chief of the infectious diseases service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to be very helpful [in our] armamentarium, but they will not substitute for prevention or vaccination efforts because these are not medicines that are completely benign and harmless in terms of their drug-drug interactions and toxicity,” he said. “So we’re going to have to be careful and thoughtful about how we use our protease inhibitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/10/winter-is-coming-as-flu-season-nears-americas-window-of-opportunity-to-beat-back-covid-19-is-narrowing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Matthew Herper, Damian Garde, Kate Sheridan, Adam Feuerstein, Andrew Joseph, and Elizabeth Cooney contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he past two months have brought extremely good news in the fight against COVID-19. Two different oral treatments have proved effective at both preventing people newly diagnosed with COVID-19 from entering the hospital and from dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re accelerating our path out of this pandemic,” President Biden said after data on the second COVID pill became available. The wide availability of oral drugs could make COVID-19 less lethal, making it less risky for people to return to in-person work and to their normal lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/10/01/mercks-antiviral-pill-reduces-hospitalization-of-covid-patients-a-possible-game-changer-for-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first results\u003c/a>, from Merck and Ridgeback Therapeutics, were released in October and will be considered by an advisory panel to the Food and Drug Administration in December. That could lead to an emergency use authorization in the U.S. by the end of the year. That drug, molnupiravir, reduced hospitalizations by 50% and prevented deaths entirely a large randomized clinical trial when it was given within five days of when symptoms began. The pill is given as a five-day course during which patients take a total of 40 pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Pfizer announced that its COVID pill, Paxlovid, reduced hospitalizations by 89% and also prevented deaths in its own large randomized study. As with the Merck drug, Paxlovid is given as a five-day course. It must be given with a second medicine, a booster, called ritonavir, which is made by AbbVie, another large drug firm. The Pfizer regimen involves taking 30 pills over a five-day period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the topline results are similar, the medicines could have different risks and benefits. The companies have only issued data in press releases, not scientific articles, and doctors need to know a lot more about both. Here is an overview of what we still don’t know about the COVID pills and when we might learn it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Which one works better?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At the headline level, Pfizer’s pill reduced the risk of hospitalization and death \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/11/05/experimental-pfizer-pill-prevents-covid-hospitalizations-and-deaths/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">by 89%,\u003c/a> while Merck showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/10/01/mercks-antiviral-pill-reduces-hospitalization-of-covid-patients-a-possible-game-changer-for-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a reduction of 50%\u003c/a>. But neither firm has disclosed detailed data from its pivotal studies, and the trials were not identically designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies enrolled similar populations — unvaccinated people with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at least one risk factor for severe disease — but they had slightly different measures of efficacy. Pfizer’s 89% figure comes from patients who started getting its pill, Paxlovid, within three days of their first COVID-19 symptoms. Merck’s 50% applies to patients who began treatment within five days. In the Paxlovid study, patients who started treatment within five days saw an 85% improvement in hospitalization or death versus placebo. Merck has not shared data on patients who got its drug within three days of symptom onset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the studies had in common was 100% efficacy against death, regardless of when patients started treatment. Merck’s study counted eight deaths among patients on placebo, and Pfizer’s observed 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the safety side, the rate of side effects in both studies was similar between the treatment groups and placebo groups. In each study, fewer patients in the treatment group left the study due to side effects compared to those in the placebo group. Neither company has disclosed detailed data on the type and severity of side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each treatment is administered twice a day for five total days, amounting to 10 doses in total. Pfizer’s drug is co-administered with a common antiviral called ritonavir.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Will the antiviral be available for vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Both companies conducted their studies entirely in patients who were at high risk of complications if they caught COVID and who also had not been vaccinated. That leads to a big question for policymakers: Should those who have been vaccinated, but who develop a breakthrough infection of SARS-CoV-2, be given the pills?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now that is a question without data. A third antiviral pill, from the biotech firm Atea and the large drug firm Roche, failed to prove it was effective in its own study, and Wall Street analysts suspect the reason is that the companies included vaccinated patients in the research. For those who have received the vaccine, hospitalization and death are much less likely. This means that it is harder for a drug to show efficacy, because there are fewer infections to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So regulators and public health officials will have to make a judgement on the risks and benefits of the COVID pills for people with breakthrough infections — without direct data in these populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer is running a clinical trial, with results due next year, that does include vaccinated patients, and the company’s executives have expressed confidence based on the results so far that the treatment should work. Both Merck and Pfizer are also running studies to show that the drugs can prevent people from developing symptoms if they take the antivirals after they are exposed to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Do the drugs work the same way?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No, not really. While both drugs interfere with the process the coronavirus uses to reproduce itself, each drug interferes at a very different point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck’s drug throws a wrench into the works quite early. After someone takes molnupiravir, the drug is transformed into something uncannily similar to one of RNA’s chemical building blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modification is so subtle that not only will the coronavirus use molnupiravir in place of other building blocks when it replicates itself, but coronaviruses’ unusual proofreading mechanism can’t even pick up on the imposter compound. Over time, the drug will encourage the virus to introduce even more mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, this leads to what’s known as error catastrophe. It’s introducing so many different mutations that, eventually, nothing further can happen,” said Katherine Seley-Radtke, a medicinal chemist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. “You’ve got this completely mutated RNA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s drug, Paxlovid, acts at a completely different point in the virus’ reproductive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s apples and oranges,” said Ronald Swanstrom, a biochemistry professor at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike molnupiravir, Paxlovid allows the strings of viral RNA to be assembled correctly. It even allows those strings to be used to create viral proteins, which are initially produced in one big chunk. Like a bolt of fabric before it’s cut to a clothing pattern, this protein needs to be chopped down to size before it can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That cutting is what Paxlovid prohibits. The drug is designed to bind to a particularly important point in an enzyme called a protease which slices up proteins. Without a functioning protease, the virus can’t create functional copies; no working virus, no problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protease inhibitors have been used for decades to create more than a dozen drugs for HIV and hepatitis C; in some cases, they’ve also been used as cancer drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a long history of medicinal chemistry targeting proteases,” said Bryan Dickinson, a chemical biologist at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paxlovid is designed with a SARS-CoV-2-specific protease in mind, so it works more specifically on this coronavirus than molnupiravir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Paxlovid can’t work as well if it’s taken on its own. The body’s defense mechanisms will get rid of anything that it doesn’t recognize — including drugs, which can be digested by enzymes in a person’s liver. Another drug called ritonavir blocks the liver enzyme that would likely chew up Paxlovid, which gives the latter drug the space it needs to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How do they compare with monoclonal antibodies?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly have each won FDA authorization for antibody combination therapies that keep recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients from hospitalization and death. In a Phase 3 study enrolling recently diagnosed patients at high risk for severe disease, Regeneron’s treatment reduced the risk of hospitalization or death \u003ca href=\"https://investor.regeneron.com/news-releases/news-release-details/phase-3-trial-shows-regen-covtm-casirivimab-imdevimab-antibody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">by 70%\u003c/a> compared to placebo. In a similar study, Lilly’s therapy showed \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lillys-bamlanivimab-and-etesevimab-together-reduced-hospitalizations-and-death-in-phase-3-trial-for-early-covid-19-301243984.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an 87% reduction\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest difference is one of convenience. The antibody treatments are administered intravenously in a one-time, roughly hour-long process (Regeneron’s is authorized for subcutaneous injection when an IV procedure is not feasible). That could make the treatments from Pfizer and Merck, taken orally at home, preferable to patients unable to visit an infusion center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a difference in cost. Regeneron and Lilly have signed deals with the federal government to sell their treatments at about $1,250 per dose. Merck’s agreement with the U.S. works out to about $700 for a five-day course of molnupiravir. Pfizer is still negotiating contracts but is expected to set a similar price for Paxlovid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How easy will they be to get?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A pill is a huge leap in terms of logistical ease over infused therapies like monoclonal antibodies. For those treatments, not only did people have to make their way to clinics for their infusions, but hospitals and other facilities had to set up places where people who were actively infectious could come get treated without risking others’ health. (The other antiviral authorized to treat COVID-19, Gilead’s remdesivir, is an infusion and approved only for hospitalized patients, but some data indicate that if it were to be given to patients earlier in their infections, it could have a greater effect. If its approval ever covered outpatients, however, it would still run into the same logistical challenges of an infused therapy.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the COVID pills come with a key challenge of their own. They’re most effective when given early in the infection, so people need to be able to get tested and get their prescription rapidly. And the U.S. testing landscape is still limited. PCR tests can take days to return a result, and though the Biden administration has upped its effort to expand the availability of at-home rapid tests, finding one at a store is still hit or miss — success feels like scoring this holiday season’s hottest gift. Any delay in getting diagnosed undercuts the power of these pills; even a day or two has real implications for a treatment meant to clear out an acute infection like COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Will it affect a patient’s DNA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This is really a question only for Merck’s molnupiravir, since it works by sneaking subtly corrupted parts into the coronavirus’s RNA sequence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the virus has mutated too much, it can’t work — mission accomplished. But there’s a theoretical chance that molnupiravir could also influence normal human DNA when it replicates, too. If mutations happen during that process, it could spell real trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merck did some tests during molnupiravir’s development to check this possibility out. In two different types of animal studies using higher and longer doses than are given to humans, Merck’s scientists didn’t see any increased risk of unwanted mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very confident in the safety profile of molnupiravir based on our preclinical and clinical data,” executive vice president Dean Li told investors in an October conference call, according to a transcript in the financial database Sentieo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UNC’s Swanstrom isn’t completely convinced that the tests Merck did were sensitive enough. In August, he and his colleagues \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33961695/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published a paper in\u003c/a> the Journal of Infectious Diseases showing that a key metabolite of molnupiravir could mutate DNA in animal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these results, Swanstrom said he would be particularly interested in seeing a long-term study of people who took molnupiravir to continue to monitor this potential effect over the next 10 or 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing is going to go into thousands of people. And are we just going to ignore the fact that there’s this potential risk?” he said. “The risk could be zero. It could be no worse than going to get a dental X-ray — or it could do something more. But unless we find out, you know, we’re going to learn this lesson the hard way, way later than we should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What might the new antivirals mean for cancer patients?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because the new antiviral Pfizer is developing is a protease inhibitor, infectious disease specialists are familiar with how it works. So we already know: These drugs have the potential to interfere with many therapies used to treat cancer, Tobias Hohl, chief of the infectious diseases service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to be very helpful [in our] armamentarium, but they will not substitute for prevention or vaccination efforts because these are not medicines that are completely benign and harmless in terms of their drug-drug interactions and toxicity,” he said. “So we’re going to have to be careful and thoughtful about how we use our protease inhibitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/10/winter-is-coming-as-flu-season-nears-americas-window-of-opportunity-to-beat-back-covid-19-is-narrowing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are repeated climate-driven disasters doing to our minds, bodies and spirit? That’s the question four Santa Rosa Junior College Students set out to answer in the four-part podcast series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1047076622/chronic-catastrophe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chronic Catastrophe\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2017, six major wildfires have burned across Sonoma County, killing over 100 people and destroying tens of thousands of buildings. Half of county inhabitants have had to evacuate their homes due to wildfire threat. Months of bad air and public safety power shutoffs have become almost routine. The Russian River spilled over its banks in 2019 after soaking rains, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11729368/photos-rains-bring-floods-to-north-bay-communites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">swamping roads and flooding homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977680\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with long brown hair holds a young girl with light blonde hair and a white dress.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lauren Spates, one of the producers of the Chronic Catastrophe podcast, with her young daughter. \u003ccite>(Lauren Spates, used with permission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lauren Spates produces the podcast and is a student and teaching assistant at the junior college. She spoke with KQED climate reporter Danielle Venton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>You helped produce a podcast that was about climate driven disasters. What inspired that work?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The podcast is called Chronic Catastrophe. Living in Sonoma County was not easy the past five years. We see hellacious wildfire, but we’ve also lived through floods and through days of bad air, where [smoke from] fires from other places blows over us. We really wanted to think about [this idea]: What is it doing to us? There’s a lot of discussion about the economic and environmental impact of climate change, but there aren’t a lot of people talking about what it does to human beings and their the health of society. And we wanted to fill that hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>What are you hoping to contribute to people’s understanding?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I hope that listeners start to grasp that climate change is something that is affecting everyone. Even if you don’t really live near California’s fires or by the coast, where the sea level is rising. Climate change affects even our cognitive function, the way we think as humans. It has really broad implications for the health of society as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>What are you hoping will happen at COP26 that will affect the work you do?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I really hope that the U.S. and that other more developed nations will actually put some teeth behind what they’re talking about. I hope we start to walk the walk and not just talk the talk. It’s not enough. I mean, we really need to move away from fossil fuels and from coal. But you know, there’s also the individual level. There’s the idea that you think globally and act locally. What can you do on a day-to-day basis? It’s not only about what leaders around the world [are doing]. It’s about what we buy, how we spend, what we do each day. And we need to focus on that in addition to what happens in Glasgow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Are there solutions to the issues that you care about that inspire you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the podcast, we talked to Linda Hopkins. She’s the the chair of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors. She’s spoken a lot about building codes and what we need to do in terms of building in a sustainable fashion, but also building in a way that protects human beings from what is going to continue to happen with more devastating fires. We have to think about where we’re building. Are we building in burn scars? Are we allowing that to happen? It’s very complicated, right? The land is expensive. It’s at a premium in the Bay Area. How does local government manage that? Do you buy them out? What do you do? I hope there’s more clarity around that. That’s what’s going to matter most for my children and for who comes next. How do we change what our communities look like so that we can survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ci>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are repeated climate-driven disasters doing to our minds, bodies and spirit? That’s the question four Santa Rosa Junior College Students set out to answer in the four-part podcast series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1047076622/chronic-catastrophe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chronic Catastrophe\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2017, six major wildfires have burned across Sonoma County, killing over 100 people and destroying tens of thousands of buildings. Half of county inhabitants have had to evacuate their homes due to wildfire threat. Months of bad air and public safety power shutoffs have become almost routine. The Russian River spilled over its banks in 2019 after soaking rains, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11729368/photos-rains-bring-floods-to-north-bay-communites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">swamping roads and flooding homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977680\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with long brown hair holds a young girl with light blonde hair and a white dress.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/Lauren-and-Bea-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lauren Spates, one of the producers of the Chronic Catastrophe podcast, with her young daughter. \u003ccite>(Lauren Spates, used with permission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lauren Spates produces the podcast and is a student and teaching assistant at the junior college. She spoke with KQED climate reporter Danielle Venton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>You helped produce a podcast that was about climate driven disasters. What inspired that work?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The podcast is called Chronic Catastrophe. Living in Sonoma County was not easy the past five years. We see hellacious wildfire, but we’ve also lived through floods and through days of bad air, where [smoke from] fires from other places blows over us. We really wanted to think about [this idea]: What is it doing to us? There’s a lot of discussion about the economic and environmental impact of climate change, but there aren’t a lot of people talking about what it does to human beings and their the health of society. And we wanted to fill that hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>What are you hoping to contribute to people’s understanding?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I hope that listeners start to grasp that climate change is something that is affecting everyone. Even if you don’t really live near California’s fires or by the coast, where the sea level is rising. Climate change affects even our cognitive function, the way we think as humans. It has really broad implications for the health of society as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cb>What are you hoping will happen at COP26 that will affect the work you do?\u003c/b>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I really hope that the U.S. and that other more developed nations will actually put some teeth behind what they’re talking about. I hope we start to walk the walk and not just talk the talk. It’s not enough. I mean, we really need to move away from fossil fuels and from coal. But you know, there’s also the individual level. There’s the idea that you think globally and act locally. What can you do on a day-to-day basis? It’s not only about what leaders around the world [are doing]. It’s about what we buy, how we spend, what we do each day. And we need to focus on that in addition to what happens in Glasgow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Are there solutions to the issues that you care about that inspire you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the podcast, we talked to Linda Hopkins. She’s the the chair of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors. She’s spoken a lot about building codes and what we need to do in terms of building in a sustainable fashion, but also building in a way that protects human beings from what is going to continue to happen with more devastating fires. We have to think about where we’re building. Are we building in burn scars? Are we allowing that to happen? It’s very complicated, right? The land is expensive. It’s at a premium in the Bay Area. How does local government manage that? Do you buy them out? What do you do? I hope there’s more clarity around that. That’s what’s going to matter most for my children and for who comes next. How do we change what our communities look like so that we can survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "COP26 Negotiators Debating Agreement Calling For an End to Coal and Fossil Fuel Subsidies",
"headTitle": "COP26 Negotiators Debating Agreement Calling For an End to Coal and Fossil Fuel Subsidies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As the United Nations climate summit enters its last hours, there is modest progress on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and giving aid to countries most at risk from extreme weather. But stubborn divisions over the details of key issues remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what would be a first in decades of such negotiations, nations could call for an end to using coal and subsidizing fossil fuels. Despite some weaker language, those two elements remain in the most recent draft being circulated for consensus agreement among the more than 100 participating countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summit in Glasgow, Scotland, is scheduled to end Friday, but could extend into the weekend as negotiators try to nail down agreement on a range of thorny issues for their final statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that the conference, known as COP26, is set to fall far short of its overall goal of keeping global warming from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit. In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054772983/antonio-guterres-cop26-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with the Associated Press\u003c/a>, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres says that goal is “on life support.” Beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming, scientists say the world faces catastrophic and potentially irreversible damage from extreme heat, drought, and flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No COP agreement until now has even mentioned fossil fuels, the main source of climate-warming emissions. Having that in the final text would be a breakthrough. But negotiators have struggled to find language acceptable to all countries, especially those with significant fossil fuel reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An earlier version of the agreement called on countries to “accelerate the phasing out of coal and subsidies for fossil fuel.” The new language calls for “the phaseout of unabated coal power and of inefficient subsidies for fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “unabated” would make room for carbon capture systems on coal-fired power plants, like \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/the-only-carbon-capture-plant-in-the-u-s-just-closed-1846177778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one in Texas\u003c/a>. While that one technically worked, it shut down because it was unprofitable. And “inefficient subsidies” leaves room for countries that subsidize energy for low-income residents, but also countries that want to continue subsidizing fossil fuel companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we’ve got the phaseout of fossil fuel subsidies and the phaseout of coal in the text is really new and important,” says Helen Mountford with World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other environmental groups that want to see more dramatic action, including a \u003ca href=\"https://fossilfueltreaty.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty\u003c/a>, are upset by the change. “The credibility of these talks is in question if landmark language around fossil fuels gives them a lifeline through carbon capture technologies and continued subsidies,” says Jean Su with the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists from developing countries also are critical of how negotiations among the nearly 200 nations are shaping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“Humanity will not be saved by promises”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An activist from Uganda gave voice Thursday to the fears many have that the Glasgow summit will amount to just another series of pledges, without urgent action driving them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humanity will not be saved by promises,” Vanessa Nakate \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuuOts3jL3I&ab_channel=Rappler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told\u003c/a> political and business leaders gathered at the summit. “We must reduce global CO2 emissions by somewhere between 7% to 11% this year, and next year, and every year after year, until we get to zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakate said if countries fail to meet goals set in the 2015 Paris climate agreement, heat stress will hurt people where she lives because temperatures will be too hot and extreme, reaching temperatures that “the human body cannot cool itself by sweating,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary-General Guterres also put pressure on countries Thursday, urging them “to pick up the pace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guterres did praise an \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/u-s-china-joint-glasgow-declaration-on-enhancing-climate-action-in-the-2020s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agreement\u003c/a> between the U.S. and China to work together on cutting emissions, reaffirming their commitments to keep global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius and aiming for 1.5 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agreement focused on methane, which is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, though it does not stay in the atmosphere as long. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scientists say\u003c/a> reducing methane pollution now could quickly rein in some global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/02/1051302469/biden-proposes-new-rules-to-cut-climate-warming-methane-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed stricter regulations\u003c/a> on oil and gas companies to reduce methane emissions. Under the new agreement with the US, China says it intends to develop a “National Action Plan on methane, aiming to achieve a significant effect on methane emissions control and reductions in the 2020s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both countries say they’ll meet in the first half of next year to nail down specifics. Guterres called this an important step. But he warned that “promises ring hollow when the fossil fuels industry still receives \u003ca href=\"https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/climate-change/energy-subsidies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trillions in subsidies\u003c/a>, as measured by the IMF [International Monetary Fund]. Or when countries are still building coal plants,” said Guterres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry defended the agreement in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054648598/u-s-and-china-announce-surprise-climate-agreement-at-cop26-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with NPR\u003c/a>, saying it’s “bigger than some people think.” If the U.S. and China reach their goal of reducing methane emissions 30% by 2030, Kerry says “that is the equivalent of taking all the cars in the world, all of the trucks in the world, all of the airplanes in the world, all ships in the world, down to zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Calls for wealthier nations to take more responsibility\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The high stakes if countries fail to act boldly was on display in dramatic ways during this summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foreign minister of Tuvalu, a Pacific island nation, \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/9EkSrtlapZQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">delivered his speech\u003c/a> knee-deep in water to show how the rising ocean already affects his country. “Climate change and sea level rise are deadly and existential threats to Tuvalu,” said Simon Kofe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the final days of negotiations, nations still aren’t seeing eye to eye on the issue of climate finance, a $100 billion fund for developing countries. Wealthier countries promised to deliver that amount annually by 2020, an acknowledgment that they are responsible for the bulk of climate-warming emissions over the past century and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funds help vulnerable countries reduce their emissions with renewable energy and cleaner transportation, as well as help them prepare communities for climate impacts, like extreme storms and floods. The latest draft agreement expresses “deep regret” that richer countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/11/10/1052926511/this-kenyan-family-got-solar-power-high-level-climate-talks-determine-who-else-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">so far have fallen short of that goal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several new funding commitments were announced in Glasgow, and wealthier countries say they’ll reach the $100 billion mark in 2022 or 2023. But developing countries say much of that has been in the form of loans instead of grants, putting an added burden on nations to pay it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developing countries estimate climate-related damage will hit $5-to-9 trillion dollars by 2030 and are pushing for more details about what the next funding goal will be. They want to see more transparency about where climate finance is coming from, as well as assurances that much of it will be offered as grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The level of ambition on climate finance required is simply not there yet,” says Fekadu Beyene of Ethiopia, representing a group of the 46 poorest countries at the talks. “Vulnerable countries are already experiencing devastating impacts at 1.1 degrees Celsius of warming and are struggling to recover. We cannot expect to build resilience to the impacts we will feel at 1.5 degrees Celsius without additional resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developing countries are also pushing for compensation for the increasing damage that climate change is already causing. They’re seeking a dedicated “loss and damage” fund, which could be used by countries struggling to rebuild after disasters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.scot/news/scotland-to-boost-climate-funding/\">Scotland announced the first contribution\u003c/a>, 2 million pounds, at the Glasgow summit. But other wealthier countries, including the U.S., are wary of being held liable for climate change damages and oppose creating a separate fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Countries are headed toward “catastrophic climate change”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The modest progress made so far may be the best that can be expected from an international negotiation process where every country must agree on a final statement. But the scientific reality of a warming climate is unforgiving, and demands swifter action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group Climate Action Tracker \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/09/1053875461/glasgow-climate-pledges-are-lip-service-without-far-more-aggressive-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earlier this week\u003c/a> factored in new pledges countries had made so far to cut heat-trapping emissions. It found that even if everyone kept their most ambitious promises, warming would still be 1.8 degrees Celsius, which is above the 1.5 degree goal. When analysts mapped out what countries are actually doing now, the picture was bleaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With all the policies that are currently implemented, our temperature estimate is 2.7 degrees” of warming, said Niklas Höhne, founding partner of NewClimate Institute. “That is catastrophic climate change. It’s a situation that we simply cannot handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Höhne was among those in Glasgow who said leaders must go back home and put practices in place to meet the promises they’ve made to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. President Biden has proposed an aggressive climate plan that aims to meet the goals of the Paris agreement, but much of the legislation needed to implement it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/05/1052206451/house-is-poised-for-a-vote-on-its-spending-plan-but-hurdles-remain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stalled in Congress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+a+first%2C+U.N.+climate+agreement+could+include+the+words+%27coal%27+and+%27fossil+fuels%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The U.N. Secretary-General warns the main goal of limiting global warming is \"on life support.\" But Glasgow negotiators are making modest progress in their final hours.",
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"description": "The U.N. Secretary-General warns the main goal of limiting global warming is "on life support." But Glasgow negotiators are making modest progress in their final hours.",
"title": "COP26 Negotiators Debating Agreement Calling For an End to Coal and Fossil Fuel Subsidies | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the United Nations climate summit enters its last hours, there is modest progress on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and giving aid to countries most at risk from extreme weather. But stubborn divisions over the details of key issues remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what would be a first in decades of such negotiations, nations could call for an end to using coal and subsidizing fossil fuels. Despite some weaker language, those two elements remain in the most recent draft being circulated for consensus agreement among the more than 100 participating countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summit in Glasgow, Scotland, is scheduled to end Friday, but could extend into the weekend as negotiators try to nail down agreement on a range of thorny issues for their final statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it appears that the conference, known as COP26, is set to fall far short of its overall goal of keeping global warming from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit. In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054772983/antonio-guterres-cop26-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with the Associated Press\u003c/a>, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres says that goal is “on life support.” Beyond 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming, scientists say the world faces catastrophic and potentially irreversible damage from extreme heat, drought, and flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No COP agreement until now has even mentioned fossil fuels, the main source of climate-warming emissions. Having that in the final text would be a breakthrough. But negotiators have struggled to find language acceptable to all countries, especially those with significant fossil fuel reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An earlier version of the agreement called on countries to “accelerate the phasing out of coal and subsidies for fossil fuel.” The new language calls for “the phaseout of unabated coal power and of inefficient subsidies for fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “unabated” would make room for carbon capture systems on coal-fired power plants, like \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/the-only-carbon-capture-plant-in-the-u-s-just-closed-1846177778\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one in Texas\u003c/a>. While that one technically worked, it shut down because it was unprofitable. And “inefficient subsidies” leaves room for countries that subsidize energy for low-income residents, but also countries that want to continue subsidizing fossil fuel companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we’ve got the phaseout of fossil fuel subsidies and the phaseout of coal in the text is really new and important,” says Helen Mountford with World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other environmental groups that want to see more dramatic action, including a \u003ca href=\"https://fossilfueltreaty.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty\u003c/a>, are upset by the change. “The credibility of these talks is in question if landmark language around fossil fuels gives them a lifeline through carbon capture technologies and continued subsidies,” says Jean Su with the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists from developing countries also are critical of how negotiations among the nearly 200 nations are shaping up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“Humanity will not be saved by promises”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An activist from Uganda gave voice Thursday to the fears many have that the Glasgow summit will amount to just another series of pledges, without urgent action driving them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humanity will not be saved by promises,” Vanessa Nakate \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuuOts3jL3I&ab_channel=Rappler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told\u003c/a> political and business leaders gathered at the summit. “We must reduce global CO2 emissions by somewhere between 7% to 11% this year, and next year, and every year after year, until we get to zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakate said if countries fail to meet goals set in the 2015 Paris climate agreement, heat stress will hurt people where she lives because temperatures will be too hot and extreme, reaching temperatures that “the human body cannot cool itself by sweating,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary-General Guterres also put pressure on countries Thursday, urging them “to pick up the pace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guterres did praise an \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/u-s-china-joint-glasgow-declaration-on-enhancing-climate-action-in-the-2020s/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agreement\u003c/a> between the U.S. and China to work together on cutting emissions, reaffirming their commitments to keep global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius and aiming for 1.5 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agreement focused on methane, which is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, though it does not stay in the atmosphere as long. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scientists say\u003c/a> reducing methane pollution now could quickly rein in some global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/02/1051302469/biden-proposes-new-rules-to-cut-climate-warming-methane-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed stricter regulations\u003c/a> on oil and gas companies to reduce methane emissions. Under the new agreement with the US, China says it intends to develop a “National Action Plan on methane, aiming to achieve a significant effect on methane emissions control and reductions in the 2020s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both countries say they’ll meet in the first half of next year to nail down specifics. Guterres called this an important step. But he warned that “promises ring hollow when the fossil fuels industry still receives \u003ca href=\"https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/climate-change/energy-subsidies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trillions in subsidies\u003c/a>, as measured by the IMF [International Monetary Fund]. Or when countries are still building coal plants,” said Guterres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry defended the agreement in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054648598/u-s-and-china-announce-surprise-climate-agreement-at-cop26-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with NPR\u003c/a>, saying it’s “bigger than some people think.” If the U.S. and China reach their goal of reducing methane emissions 30% by 2030, Kerry says “that is the equivalent of taking all the cars in the world, all of the trucks in the world, all of the airplanes in the world, all ships in the world, down to zero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Calls for wealthier nations to take more responsibility\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The high stakes if countries fail to act boldly was on display in dramatic ways during this summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foreign minister of Tuvalu, a Pacific island nation, \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/9EkSrtlapZQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">delivered his speech\u003c/a> knee-deep in water to show how the rising ocean already affects his country. “Climate change and sea level rise are deadly and existential threats to Tuvalu,” said Simon Kofe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the final days of negotiations, nations still aren’t seeing eye to eye on the issue of climate finance, a $100 billion fund for developing countries. Wealthier countries promised to deliver that amount annually by 2020, an acknowledgment that they are responsible for the bulk of climate-warming emissions over the past century and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funds help vulnerable countries reduce their emissions with renewable energy and cleaner transportation, as well as help them prepare communities for climate impacts, like extreme storms and floods. The latest draft agreement expresses “deep regret” that richer countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/11/10/1052926511/this-kenyan-family-got-solar-power-high-level-climate-talks-determine-who-else-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">so far have fallen short of that goal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several new funding commitments were announced in Glasgow, and wealthier countries say they’ll reach the $100 billion mark in 2022 or 2023. But developing countries say much of that has been in the form of loans instead of grants, putting an added burden on nations to pay it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developing countries estimate climate-related damage will hit $5-to-9 trillion dollars by 2030 and are pushing for more details about what the next funding goal will be. They want to see more transparency about where climate finance is coming from, as well as assurances that much of it will be offered as grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The level of ambition on climate finance required is simply not there yet,” says Fekadu Beyene of Ethiopia, representing a group of the 46 poorest countries at the talks. “Vulnerable countries are already experiencing devastating impacts at 1.1 degrees Celsius of warming and are struggling to recover. We cannot expect to build resilience to the impacts we will feel at 1.5 degrees Celsius without additional resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developing countries are also pushing for compensation for the increasing damage that climate change is already causing. They’re seeking a dedicated “loss and damage” fund, which could be used by countries struggling to rebuild after disasters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.scot/news/scotland-to-boost-climate-funding/\">Scotland announced the first contribution\u003c/a>, 2 million pounds, at the Glasgow summit. But other wealthier countries, including the U.S., are wary of being held liable for climate change damages and oppose creating a separate fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Countries are headed toward “catastrophic climate change”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The modest progress made so far may be the best that can be expected from an international negotiation process where every country must agree on a final statement. But the scientific reality of a warming climate is unforgiving, and demands swifter action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group Climate Action Tracker \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/09/1053875461/glasgow-climate-pledges-are-lip-service-without-far-more-aggressive-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earlier this week\u003c/a> factored in new pledges countries had made so far to cut heat-trapping emissions. It found that even if everyone kept their most ambitious promises, warming would still be 1.8 degrees Celsius, which is above the 1.5 degree goal. When analysts mapped out what countries are actually doing now, the picture was bleaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With all the policies that are currently implemented, our temperature estimate is 2.7 degrees” of warming, said Niklas Höhne, founding partner of NewClimate Institute. “That is catastrophic climate change. It’s a situation that we simply cannot handle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Höhne was among those in Glasgow who said leaders must go back home and put practices in place to meet the promises they’ve made to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. President Biden has proposed an aggressive climate plan that aims to meet the goals of the Paris agreement, but much of the legislation needed to implement it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/05/1052206451/house-is-poised-for-a-vote-on-its-spending-plan-but-hurdles-remain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stalled in Congress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+a+first%2C+U.N.+climate+agreement+could+include+the+words+%27coal%27+and+%27fossil+fuels%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Pregnancy and Climate Change: COP26 Looks at What's at Stake for Women",
"headTitle": "Pregnancy and Climate Change: COP26 Looks at What’s at Stake for Women | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>World leaders turned their focus to gender Tuesday at the U.N. global climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland. Globally, women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than men, as they make up a majority of the world’s poor and depend most on natural resources, according to the U.N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In the United States, one subgroup of women are particularly at risk: pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-160x160.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-1977443\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo.jpg 1069w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>As global temperatures and emissions rise, so does the impact of climate change on public health. More pollutants from automobiles, fossil fuel plants and smoke from wildfires degrades air quality. This means at-risk populations, such as pregnant women and developing fetuses, are more likely to suffer from cardiac disease, respiratory disease and stress on mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-related exacerbation of air pollution and heat exposure significantly increases the risk to maternal, fetal and infant health, according to a 2020 JAMA Network review that assessed more than 32 million U.S. births.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='left' citation='Kelly Davis\u003cbr>National Birth Equity Collaborative']‘Pregnancy is a natural stress test. So if folks are already stressed through environmental racism, environmental injustice, their stress is only exacerbated during the very fragile time of pregnancy and childbirth.’[/pullquote] For the first time in the U.S., researchers found consistent evidence that pollution in the air, and heat, affect pregnancy outcomes including stillbirth, low birth weight and preterm delivery rates, said Rupa Basu, head of the air and climate epidemiology section of the California Environmental Protection Agency and co-author of the JAMA study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microscopic air pollutants have the ability to go deep into a mother’s lungs, Basu said, threatening her pulmonary health. Pollutants can cross into the placenta, leading to inflammation that can cause gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. Extreme heat can stress the mother and trigger reactions from dizziness to cardiac arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review also confirmed that the mothers most threatened are those with asthma and minorities, especially Black women. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pregnancy is a natural stress test. So if folks are already stressed through environmental racism, environmental injustice, their stress is only exacerbated during the very fragile time of pregnancy and childbirth,” said Kelly Davis, chief of birth equity innovation at the National Birth Equity Collaborative, a reproductive justice non-profit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National and international climate discussions, like the U.N. summit, overlook the immediate needs of marginalized communities, Davis told CBS News. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes, climate change [goals are] so lofty and all of these things are important, but they erase the emergency and environmental concerns that Black women and pregnant people are facing every day,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black and Indigenous women in the U.S. are two to three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than white women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate threats only exacerbate that pre-existing maternal health crisis in the U.S. and yet few people know about the danger, said Skye Wheeler, senior researcher of the Women’s Rights Division at Human Rights Watch. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is more public information about protecting pets from extreme heat than there is about pregnant women, according to the most recent Human Rights Watch review of 105 official heat safety web pages, climate action plans and sustainability initiatives for 18 major US cities, including the 15 most populous, totaling 32 million people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two of the reviewed documents — from Chicago and Philadelphia — explicitly addressed the danger heat poses during pregnancy. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>World leaders turned their focus to gender Tuesday at the U.N. global climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland. Globally, women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than men, as they make up a majority of the world’s poor and depend most on natural resources, according to the U.N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In the United States, one subgroup of women are particularly at risk: pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-160x160.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-1977443\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/ccnow_logo.jpg 1069w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>As global temperatures and emissions rise, so does the impact of climate change on public health. More pollutants from automobiles, fossil fuel plants and smoke from wildfires degrades air quality. This means at-risk populations, such as pregnant women and developing fetuses, are more likely to suffer from cardiac disease, respiratory disease and stress on mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-related exacerbation of air pollution and heat exposure significantly increases the risk to maternal, fetal and infant health, according to a 2020 JAMA Network review that assessed more than 32 million U.S. births.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review also confirmed that the mothers most threatened are those with asthma and minorities, especially Black women. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pregnancy is a natural stress test. So if folks are already stressed through environmental racism, environmental injustice, their stress is only exacerbated during the very fragile time of pregnancy and childbirth,” said Kelly Davis, chief of birth equity innovation at the National Birth Equity Collaborative, a reproductive justice non-profit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National and international climate discussions, like the U.N. summit, overlook the immediate needs of marginalized communities, Davis told CBS News. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes, climate change [goals are] so lofty and all of these things are important, but they erase the emergency and environmental concerns that Black women and pregnant people are facing every day,” she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black and Indigenous women in the U.S. are two to three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than white women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate threats only exacerbate that pre-existing maternal health crisis in the U.S. and yet few people know about the danger, said Skye Wheeler, senior researcher of the Women’s Rights Division at Human Rights Watch. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is more public information about protecting pets from extreme heat than there is about pregnant women, according to the most recent Human Rights Watch review of 105 official heat safety web pages, climate action plans and sustainability initiatives for 18 major US cities, including the 15 most populous, totaling 32 million people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two of the reviewed documents — from Chicago and Philadelphia — explicitly addressed the danger heat poses during pregnancy. Since the review was conducted in August 2020, New York City has added the group to a list of vulnerable populations. Concerns about the dangers of heat for pets were found 37 times in the literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures put extra stress on a mother and fetus. A 2020 Harvard study found a link between gestational diabetes and extreme heat. This summer, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued guidance on the link between extreme temperatures and irregular birth outcomes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even a hurricane can put expectant mothers under enough added stress that the weather can lead to higher rates of preterm births. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Joe Biden’s Build Back Better plan includes legislation to address the link between climate threats and pregnancy. Representative Lauren Underwood, a Democrat from Illinois, has introduced legislation that would help educate medical professionals and patients on climate-change related risks for pregnant people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pregnancy-women-fetuses-risks-climate-change/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared on the website of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">CBS News\u003c/a> and is part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration strengthening coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>The COP26 climate conference is underway in Glasgow, Scotland. Here in the Bay Area, KQED’s climate reporters are talking with locals who are working on solutions.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lizbeth Ibarra says the climate change movement needs to embrace the energy of young people of color who’ve experienced pollution, heat and other impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibarra is a leader with \u003ca href=\"https://www.youthvsapocalypse.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Youth vs. Apocalypse\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a Bay Area group founded to fight environmental racism and climate change. She says the environmental movement needs to be more inclusive, and put the needs of vulnerable communities first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17-year-old learned about the group at school and joined immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the first time, I felt seen, like this was a movement for me,” she said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894453/youth-environmental-activists-call-out-funders-of-climate-chaos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">recent protest\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in front of the San Francisco headquarters of investment management company BlackRock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED climate reporter Raquel Maria Dillon interviewed Ibarra about how she sees the climate change activists shifting their focus to health and people, and scrutinizing the systems of power that allow the exploitation of nature for profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why did you get involved in climate activism?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Growing up, any time I heard about climate change and climate justice on news, social media or any kind of outlet, I never really saw people that looked like me — [people who are] poor, low income, Black, indigenous or people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I saw upper-middle class people. I saw white people who were talking about the planet and the animals, but they weren’t necessarily talking about the people being impacted, like my community of Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate justice is not just about the planet, it’s about all of the people living on the planet. Everything is intersected and interconnected, so you can’t be talking about one issue without talking about all of the others.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How has fossil fuel production affected you personally?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I live in Richmond, where we have the Chevron refinery right in our backyards, and I’ve lived with this refinery my entire life, and I’m used to consistent flaring, oil spills, explosions, terrible air quality and all of this. It affects me personally.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are you hopeful about the big conference in Scotland?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These people are in huge positions of power. They can make the decision on whether people in my community deserve the right to breathe clean air and the right to a better quality of life. They have the power to make a lot of changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate justice is forever a part of my life, and it should be part of everyone’s life. Everyone has a moral obligation to be a part of the movement. [Climate change] is something that impacts everyone and will impact everyone, in one way or another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When thinking about climate justice, you can’t speak on it without speaking on racial justice, economic justice, gender justice and all of these other systems of oppression that have [helped create] the issues that we’re facing, including climate change. Everyone belongs in this movement. Even if you feel like you don’t know [the right] terms, or you feel like you don’t belong. Just know, that you do and it needs to include everyone.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"title": "Forum",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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