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"title": "Delegation From Disaster-Laden Sonoma County, a Test Kitchen for Climate Innovation, Attends COP27",
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"content": "\u003cp>A delegation of mayors, climate scientists, water officials and energy leaders from Sonoma County are representing the Bay Area at this year’s annual U.N. climate conference, known as COP27, underway in Egypt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are touting Sonoma County as one of the world’s testing grounds for big climate change solutions — including water-saving ideas and clean energy projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have a good argument to make. More than 85% of the electricity that powers homes and businesses in Sonoma County comes from renewable sources, according to county energy officials. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929864/recycled-water-may-prove-crucial-for-northern-california-amid-ongoing-droughts-climate-change\">Towns like Santa Rosa recycle 98% of their wastewater\u003c/a>, and the Sonoma County Water Agency recently started monitoring the skies for catastrophic storms that could cause climate-induced flooding, using several radar units that predict flood risk with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-07-11/california-cities-ban-new-gas-stations-amid-climate-change\">Rohnert Park banned the building of new gas stations\u003c/a>, a move meant to speed up the transition to electric vehicles. Jackie Elward, the city’s mayor, is in Egypt talking about that and what else Rohnert Park is doing to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, arguing that local adaptation solutions to climate change matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been changing everything to follow the evolution of climate change,” she said. “As leaders, we are supposed to show people the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elward is from the Democratic Republic of Congo and will make her climate case on the world stage as an immigrant and Rohnert Park’s first Black mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is dealing with its fair share of climate impacts: The same Russian River that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/28/as-skies-clear-guerneville-residents-assess-flood-damage/\">flooded 3,000 homes and businesses in Guerneville in 2019\u003c/a> nearly dried up this summer after years of drought; since 2017, eight big wildfires have devastated neighborhoods around Santa Rosa and destroyed wineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980742\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Row and after row of a suburban neighborhood lay in shambles. The homes are no longer intact. The plots are strewn about with debris and char from fire. Naked trees line each street.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows burned properties in Santa Rosa on Oct. 12, 2017. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa Mayor Chris Rogers will showcase his community, which is striding toward a fossil fuel-free economy after feeling “the sting of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have boomeranged out of tragedy,” he said. “Our story is using the tragedy to build a better community and one that’s going to be more responsive and be a part of addressing climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sonomacleanpower.org/\">Sonoma Clean Power\u003c/a> is the public power provider for both Santa Rosa and Rohnert Park. The power aggregator uses renewable energy as its default electricity, sourcing clean power for 87% of Sonoma and Mendocino counties. Geof Syphers, CEO for the agency, is not in Egypt but wants the team to relay a message to other local leaders: Take risks. Be a test kitchen for climate ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want to design your trillion-dollar program and have it fall on its face,” he said. “A big part of what I want to pitch is learning from these experiments and encouraging other local governments to run those experiments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Chris Rogers, mayor of Santa Rosa']‘We have boomeranged out of tragedy. Our story is using the tragedy to build a better community and one that’s going to be more responsive and be a part of addressing climate change.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those experiments was to make the water system in the county 100% carbon-free by 2015; now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/carbon-free-water\">all of the power that Sonoma Water uses to gather and transport water throughout the region is generated by hydroelectric, wind, geothermal and solar sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma’s carbon-free water system wouldn’t have been possible without the Regional Climate Protection Authority, a Sonoma-wide collaboration that was established in 2009 with \u003ca href=\"https://rcpa.ca.gov/\">a\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://rcpa.ca.gov/\">countywide\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://rcpa.ca.gov/\">mindset\u003c/a> for solving climate problems. It’s the state’s only regional climate authority; every city and agency in Sonoma County coordinates grants and other planning for climate protection and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That model is worth exploring and sharing with other communities that are looking for a way forward,” said Grant Davis, general manager of Sonoma Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from the water agency, which supplies water to more than 600,000 people, will also share in Egypt how they are adapting to atmospheric rivers — big storms that can cause extreme flooding. According to recent research from Bay Area scientists, these storms are expected to get up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">37% wetter by the end of the century\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team will take part in a session on atmospheric rivers, including how the agency is providing reservoir operators with near-term climate forecasts to inform their management decisions using a program called forecast-informed reservoir operations, or FIRO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t have enough atmospheric rivers in winter, you’ll slide towards drought. If you have too many, and they’re too big, you head towards flood,” said Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at Scripps Oceanography. Ralph is attending the conference in Egypt, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980721\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A white radar unit points toward the sky. It looks like a mix between a mushroom and a spaceship. A bright blue sky with wispy clouds is in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A radar unit in Santa Rosa hunts for severe rain. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water managers at Lake Mendocino used to release water based on demand, independent of forecasted storms. Now, they mostly conserve and wait for a major rainstorm, releasing water from the reservoir at times when they know more is on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program “was able to save 20% of that reservoir’s capacity in a drought year because we were able to hold the water back when you know you don’t have rain coming,” said Brad Sherwood, assistant general manager for Sonoma Water, who is also attending the global conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress allowed the agencies to pilot this technology — really a new way of thinking about water management — at Lake Mendocino. But the idea has spread, and reservoir operators across the West Coast are experimenting with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In partnership with agencies across the region and state, Sonoma Water is creating a Bay Area-wide system of radar units that can better predict the characteristics of a storm, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/aqpi\">Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information system\u003c/a>, funded by the California Department of Water Resources.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dale Roberts, principal engineer, Sonoma Water']‘We want to give people a heads-up to start preparing for storms sooner than they would and before it’s too late.’[/pullquote]It is a regional system of low-level radar units located in fields and on mountaintops. When fully built and synced up, they will generate local information about how dumping rains could affect the flooding of burn scars, highways, towns, streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be able to help the community be prepared to, perhaps, evacuate, put up sandbags or perhaps weatherproof their houses,” said Dale Roberts, principal engineer for the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The white radar units slowly spin, rising around 20 feet into the air and pointing up to the sky, looking like a cross between a mushroom and a spaceship. Agency officials want to understand a storm’s direction, moisture content and speed; they use the radar to hunt for rain that’s on its way within the next few hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists can cross-reference that data against how fast streams or rivers are moving and other factors to forecast the severity of a storm on a community or highway. There are radar units in San José, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz, but the scientists expect that number to grow to seven by the end of 2023, including one in the hills of Alameda County, one in San Mateo County, one facing the ocean in Marin County and another near Geyserville in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to give people a heads-up to start preparing for storms sooner than they would and before it’s too late,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A delegation of mayors, climate scientists, water officials and energy leaders from Sonoma County are representing the Bay Area at this year’s annual U.N. climate conference, known as COP27, underway in Egypt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are touting Sonoma County as one of the world’s testing grounds for big climate change solutions — including water-saving ideas and clean energy projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have a good argument to make. More than 85% of the electricity that powers homes and businesses in Sonoma County comes from renewable sources, according to county energy officials. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929864/recycled-water-may-prove-crucial-for-northern-california-amid-ongoing-droughts-climate-change\">Towns like Santa Rosa recycle 98% of their wastewater\u003c/a>, and the Sonoma County Water Agency recently started monitoring the skies for catastrophic storms that could cause climate-induced flooding, using several radar units that predict flood risk with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-07-11/california-cities-ban-new-gas-stations-amid-climate-change\">Rohnert Park banned the building of new gas stations\u003c/a>, a move meant to speed up the transition to electric vehicles. Jackie Elward, the city’s mayor, is in Egypt talking about that and what else Rohnert Park is doing to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, arguing that local adaptation solutions to climate change matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been changing everything to follow the evolution of climate change,” she said. “As leaders, we are supposed to show people the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elward is from the Democratic Republic of Congo and will make her climate case on the world stage as an immigrant and Rohnert Park’s first Black mayor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is dealing with its fair share of climate impacts: The same Russian River that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/28/as-skies-clear-guerneville-residents-assess-flood-damage/\">flooded 3,000 homes and businesses in Guerneville in 2019\u003c/a> nearly dried up this summer after years of drought; since 2017, eight big wildfires have devastated neighborhoods around Santa Rosa and destroyed wineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980742\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Row and after row of a suburban neighborhood lay in shambles. The homes are no longer intact. The plots are strewn about with debris and char from fire. Naked trees line each street.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/RS27514_GettyImages-860684916-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows burned properties in Santa Rosa on Oct. 12, 2017. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa Mayor Chris Rogers will showcase his community, which is striding toward a fossil fuel-free economy after feeling “the sting of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have boomeranged out of tragedy,” he said. “Our story is using the tragedy to build a better community and one that’s going to be more responsive and be a part of addressing climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sonomacleanpower.org/\">Sonoma Clean Power\u003c/a> is the public power provider for both Santa Rosa and Rohnert Park. The power aggregator uses renewable energy as its default electricity, sourcing clean power for 87% of Sonoma and Mendocino counties. Geof Syphers, CEO for the agency, is not in Egypt but wants the team to relay a message to other local leaders: Take risks. Be a test kitchen for climate ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want to design your trillion-dollar program and have it fall on its face,” he said. “A big part of what I want to pitch is learning from these experiments and encouraging other local governments to run those experiments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those experiments was to make the water system in the county 100% carbon-free by 2015; now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/carbon-free-water\">all of the power that Sonoma Water uses to gather and transport water throughout the region is generated by hydroelectric, wind, geothermal and solar sources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma’s carbon-free water system wouldn’t have been possible without the Regional Climate Protection Authority, a Sonoma-wide collaboration that was established in 2009 with \u003ca href=\"https://rcpa.ca.gov/\">a\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://rcpa.ca.gov/\">countywide\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://rcpa.ca.gov/\">mindset\u003c/a> for solving climate problems. It’s the state’s only regional climate authority; every city and agency in Sonoma County coordinates grants and other planning for climate protection and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That model is worth exploring and sharing with other communities that are looking for a way forward,” said Grant Davis, general manager of Sonoma Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from the water agency, which supplies water to more than 600,000 people, will also share in Egypt how they are adapting to atmospheric rivers — big storms that can cause extreme flooding. According to recent research from Bay Area scientists, these storms are expected to get up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">37% wetter by the end of the century\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team will take part in a session on atmospheric rivers, including how the agency is providing reservoir operators with near-term climate forecasts to inform their management decisions using a program called forecast-informed reservoir operations, or FIRO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t have enough atmospheric rivers in winter, you’ll slide towards drought. If you have too many, and they’re too big, you head towards flood,” said Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at Scripps Oceanography. Ralph is attending the conference in Egypt, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980721\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980721\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A white radar unit points toward the sky. It looks like a mix between a mushroom and a spaceship. A bright blue sky with wispy clouds is in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/IMG_0863-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A radar unit in Santa Rosa hunts for severe rain. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water managers at Lake Mendocino used to release water based on demand, independent of forecasted storms. Now, they mostly conserve and wait for a major rainstorm, releasing water from the reservoir at times when they know more is on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program “was able to save 20% of that reservoir’s capacity in a drought year because we were able to hold the water back when you know you don’t have rain coming,” said Brad Sherwood, assistant general manager for Sonoma Water, who is also attending the global conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress allowed the agencies to pilot this technology — really a new way of thinking about water management — at Lake Mendocino. But the idea has spread, and reservoir operators across the West Coast are experimenting with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In partnership with agencies across the region and state, Sonoma Water is creating a Bay Area-wide system of radar units that can better predict the characteristics of a storm, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/aqpi\">Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information system\u003c/a>, funded by the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It is a regional system of low-level radar units located in fields and on mountaintops. When fully built and synced up, they will generate local information about how dumping rains could affect the flooding of burn scars, highways, towns, streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be able to help the community be prepared to, perhaps, evacuate, put up sandbags or perhaps weatherproof their houses,” said Dale Roberts, principal engineer for the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The white radar units slowly spin, rising around 20 feet into the air and pointing up to the sky, looking like a cross between a mushroom and a spaceship. Agency officials want to understand a storm’s direction, moisture content and speed; they use the radar to hunt for rain that’s on its way within the next few hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists can cross-reference that data against how fast streams or rivers are moving and other factors to forecast the severity of a storm on a community or highway. There are radar units in San José, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz, but the scientists expect that number to grow to seven by the end of 2023, including one in the hills of Alameda County, one in San Mateo County, one facing the ocean in Marin County and another near Geyserville in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to give people a heads-up to start preparing for storms sooner than they would and before it’s too late,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "FAQ: What's at Stake at the COP27 Global Climate Negotiations",
"headTitle": "FAQ: What’s at Stake at the COP27 Global Climate Negotiations | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A major international climate meeting is kicking off in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. Hundreds of world leaders will spend the next two weeks discussing global efforts to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pay for the costs of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting comes at a crucial time for the planet: if nations, including the United States, follow through on their current promises to pivot away from fossil fuels, it’s still possible to avoid catastrophic warming later this century. But it’s unclear how, exactly, those promises will be met, and who will foot the bill for the deadly climate effects already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what’s at stake and how the meeting will unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Why is this meeting happening now?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The meeting that begins today is an annual event hosted by the branch of the United Nations that handles global negotiations about climate change. At the 2015 meeting, the Paris Climate agreement was signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under that agreement, basically every country in the world promised to address climate change by coming up with their own plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions that are making the world hotter. Since then, the annual meeting has taken on extra significance, because it’s the official time to check in on those promises, and make new ones. For example, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/16/987667828/how-the-u-s-could-halve-climate-emissions-by-2030\">U.S. promised to cut its emissions by about half\u003c/a> by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In United Nations jargon, the meeting is called the Conference of the Parties, or COP. This is the 27th Conference of the Parties meeting, so it’s frequently referred to as COP27.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. What has happened since last year’s COP meeting?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">last year’s meeting\u003c/a>, world leaders agreed to transition away from fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions more quickly than in the past. But they failed to make substantive promises about how that would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, there have been some big geopolitical changes. The Russian invasion of Ukraine will loom over this year’s meeting. The invasion further complicated relationships between the world’s largest economies, and upended global fossil fuel markets. One immediate effect of the war is multiple countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094586702/china-promotes-coal-in-setback-for-efforts-to-cut-emissions\">including China\u003c/a> have increased their short-term reliance on coal-fired power plants, which are the most intense global source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another effect is that many countries, especially in Europe, are scrambling to develop new sources of natural gas to replace imports of Russian gas. In order to avoid the direst climate catastrophes in the future, nearly all new gas, coal and oil have to stay in the ground, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there have been positive developments as well. Renewable energy, such as wind and solar, is growing rapidly. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132003727/an-influential-energy-group-sees-reason-for-climate-optimism\">International Energy Agency predicts\u003c/a> that global demand for all types of fossil fuels will peak by the mid-2030s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980729\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980729\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-800x588.png\" alt=\"Notes Climate policy and warming projections display the likely range of potential outcomes. Source: United Nations Environment Programme Emissions Gap Report 2022\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-800x588.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-160x118.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-768x564.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR.png 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Notes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>Climate policy and warming projections display the likely range of potential outcomes.\u003cbr>Source: United Nations Environment Programme Emissions Gap Report 2022 \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>3. How much ground do world leaders need to make up at this conference?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In short, the world is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1131687504/heres-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-reining-in-climate-change\">way off track\u003c/a> from its goal of cutting the pollution that drives climate change. Collectively, nations have promised to cut their emissions by about 3% by 2030. But the science shows emissions need to fall dramatically faster – 45% by 2030. That’s to limit warming to the goal set by the Paris climate agreement: 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. That’s about 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most nations aren’t even cutting emissions enough to meet the pledges they’ve already made. So today, the world is heading toward about 5 degrees Fahrenheit of warming by 2100. While a handful of countries are expected to make new, more ambitious emissions pledges at these talks, the countries producing most of the climate pollution aren’t expected to make dramatic cutbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the largest emitters, China and India, plan to increase emissions until 2030. They’ve argued that their growing economies need the support of fossil fuels, as other wealthier countries have historically done.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. What do scientists say is at stake if world leaders don’t make deeper cuts to greenhouse gas emissions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The science is clear: the faster greenhouse emissions drop, the more lives and livelihoods will be saved. And the sooner, the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that because earlier this year, international \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1082564304/billions-of-people-are-in-danger-from-climate-change-u-n-report-warns\">climate scientists finished\u003c/a> publishing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1027457702/three-hopeful-takeaways-from-the-uns-climate-change-report\">most comprehensive\u003c/a> climate science report ever. It catalogued the ways in which climate change is affecting everyday lives around the world, because the Earth is already about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) hotter than it was in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say it’s possible to limit overall global warming to about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit, (2 degrees Celsius), which is the upper limit set by the 2015 Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980728\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-800x559.png\" alt=\"Notes Global temperature refers to the average temperature of Earth's air and water. Source: NOAA, as of Nov. 4\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-160x112.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-768x537.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR.png 1004w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Notes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>Global temperature refers to the average temperature of Earth’s air and water.\u003cbr>Source: NOAA, as of Nov. 4 \u003ccite>(Jess Eng and Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists also warn that decades of sea level rise, extreme drought, heat waves and storms are unavoidable because of how much global temperatures have already risen. That means billions of people will need to adapt to a hotter Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But limiting emissions could avoid some of the most extreme impacts, like much more deadly heat waves, more flooding in coastal cities due to sea level rise and the loss of almost all coral reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. What will be the most contentious topics at these talks?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Developing countries are getting increasingly frustrated with wealthier nations. Most low-income countries have done little to cause climate change, since their greenhouse gas emissions are small. But impacts like extreme storms and flooding are taking a huge toll on them, often because they lack the resources to better protect themselves. This year, a coalition of the most vulnerable countries is seeking compensation for these costs, known as “loss and damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue that wealthier nations should pay for the problems they caused, including the cultural losses that happen when towns and villages must relocate. So far, wealthier countries have agreed to keep discussing it, but haven’t committed to providing new funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. How much would it cost to deal with climate change?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s going to require huge investments. There’s no getting around it. But there’s also a lot of money to be made eliminating emissions from the global economy. And experts say the cost of not dealing with this problem could be ruinous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States alone, quickly cutting carbon emissions could grow the country’s economy by $3 trillion over the next 50 years, says Deloitte, the consulting firm. On the other hand, not doing enough to respond to climate change could cost the U.S. $14.5 trillion over the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At COP27, one of the biggest issues is going to be money that developed countries promised poorer nations years ago to help them cut emissions and adapt to the climate impacts they’re already experiencing. Since industrialized nations are responsible for most of the emissions that are making the planet hotter, they pledged $100 billion a year in financing for developing countries by 2020. But rich countries still haven’t delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say making good on that promise is crucial to keep poorer nations on board with efforts to cut emissions. But they also say that $100 billion is just a fraction of the money the developing world is going to need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAQ%3A+What%27s+at+stake+at+the+COP27+global+climate+negotiations&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "World leaders are meeting in Egypt for the next two weeks to talk about reining in climate change and paying for its deadly effects. Here's what you need to know.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A major international climate meeting is kicking off in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. Hundreds of world leaders will spend the next two weeks discussing global efforts to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pay for the costs of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting comes at a crucial time for the planet: if nations, including the United States, follow through on their current promises to pivot away from fossil fuels, it’s still possible to avoid catastrophic warming later this century. But it’s unclear how, exactly, those promises will be met, and who will foot the bill for the deadly climate effects already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about what’s at stake and how the meeting will unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>1. Why is this meeting happening now?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The meeting that begins today is an annual event hosted by the branch of the United Nations that handles global negotiations about climate change. At the 2015 meeting, the Paris Climate agreement was signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under that agreement, basically every country in the world promised to address climate change by coming up with their own plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions that are making the world hotter. Since then, the annual meeting has taken on extra significance, because it’s the official time to check in on those promises, and make new ones. For example, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/16/987667828/how-the-u-s-could-halve-climate-emissions-by-2030\">U.S. promised to cut its emissions by about half\u003c/a> by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In United Nations jargon, the meeting is called the Conference of the Parties, or COP. This is the 27th Conference of the Parties meeting, so it’s frequently referred to as COP27.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>2. What has happened since last year’s COP meeting?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">last year’s meeting\u003c/a>, world leaders agreed to transition away from fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions more quickly than in the past. But they failed to make substantive promises about how that would happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, there have been some big geopolitical changes. The Russian invasion of Ukraine will loom over this year’s meeting. The invasion further complicated relationships between the world’s largest economies, and upended global fossil fuel markets. One immediate effect of the war is multiple countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094586702/china-promotes-coal-in-setback-for-efforts-to-cut-emissions\">including China\u003c/a> have increased their short-term reliance on coal-fired power plants, which are the most intense global source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another effect is that many countries, especially in Europe, are scrambling to develop new sources of natural gas to replace imports of Russian gas. In order to avoid the direst climate catastrophes in the future, nearly all new gas, coal and oil have to stay in the ground, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there have been positive developments as well. Renewable energy, such as wind and solar, is growing rapidly. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132003727/an-influential-energy-group-sees-reason-for-climate-optimism\">International Energy Agency predicts\u003c/a> that global demand for all types of fossil fuels will peak by the mid-2030s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980729\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980729\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-800x588.png\" alt=\"Notes Climate policy and warming projections display the likely range of potential outcomes. Source: United Nations Environment Programme Emissions Gap Report 2022\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-800x588.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-160x118.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR-768x564.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-1-NPR.png 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Notes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>Climate policy and warming projections display the likely range of potential outcomes.\u003cbr>Source: United Nations Environment Programme Emissions Gap Report 2022 \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>3. How much ground do world leaders need to make up at this conference?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In short, the world is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1131687504/heres-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-reining-in-climate-change\">way off track\u003c/a> from its goal of cutting the pollution that drives climate change. Collectively, nations have promised to cut their emissions by about 3% by 2030. But the science shows emissions need to fall dramatically faster – 45% by 2030. That’s to limit warming to the goal set by the Paris climate agreement: 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. That’s about 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most nations aren’t even cutting emissions enough to meet the pledges they’ve already made. So today, the world is heading toward about 5 degrees Fahrenheit of warming by 2100. While a handful of countries are expected to make new, more ambitious emissions pledges at these talks, the countries producing most of the climate pollution aren’t expected to make dramatic cutbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the largest emitters, China and India, plan to increase emissions until 2030. They’ve argued that their growing economies need the support of fossil fuels, as other wealthier countries have historically done.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>4. What do scientists say is at stake if world leaders don’t make deeper cuts to greenhouse gas emissions?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The science is clear: the faster greenhouse emissions drop, the more lives and livelihoods will be saved. And the sooner, the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that because earlier this year, international \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1082564304/billions-of-people-are-in-danger-from-climate-change-u-n-report-warns\">climate scientists finished\u003c/a> publishing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1027457702/three-hopeful-takeaways-from-the-uns-climate-change-report\">most comprehensive\u003c/a> climate science report ever. It catalogued the ways in which climate change is affecting everyday lives around the world, because the Earth is already about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) hotter than it was in the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say it’s possible to limit overall global warming to about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit, (2 degrees Celsius), which is the upper limit set by the 2015 Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980728\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980728\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-800x559.png\" alt=\"Notes Global temperature refers to the average temperature of Earth's air and water. Source: NOAA, as of Nov. 4\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-160x112.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR-768x537.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/COP27-2-NPR.png 1004w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Notes\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>Global temperature refers to the average temperature of Earth’s air and water.\u003cbr>Source: NOAA, as of Nov. 4 \u003ccite>(Jess Eng and Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists also warn that decades of sea level rise, extreme drought, heat waves and storms are unavoidable because of how much global temperatures have already risen. That means billions of people will need to adapt to a hotter Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But limiting emissions could avoid some of the most extreme impacts, like much more deadly heat waves, more flooding in coastal cities due to sea level rise and the loss of almost all coral reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>5. What will be the most contentious topics at these talks?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Developing countries are getting increasingly frustrated with wealthier nations. Most low-income countries have done little to cause climate change, since their greenhouse gas emissions are small. But impacts like extreme storms and flooding are taking a huge toll on them, often because they lack the resources to better protect themselves. This year, a coalition of the most vulnerable countries is seeking compensation for these costs, known as “loss and damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue that wealthier nations should pay for the problems they caused, including the cultural losses that happen when towns and villages must relocate. So far, wealthier countries have agreed to keep discussing it, but haven’t committed to providing new funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>6. How much would it cost to deal with climate change?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s going to require huge investments. There’s no getting around it. But there’s also a lot of money to be made eliminating emissions from the global economy. And experts say the cost of not dealing with this problem could be ruinous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States alone, quickly cutting carbon emissions could grow the country’s economy by $3 trillion over the next 50 years, says Deloitte, the consulting firm. On the other hand, not doing enough to respond to climate change could cost the U.S. $14.5 trillion over the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At COP27, one of the biggest issues is going to be money that developed countries promised poorer nations years ago to help them cut emissions and adapt to the climate impacts they’re already experiencing. Since industrialized nations are responsible for most of the emissions that are making the planet hotter, they pledged $100 billion a year in financing for developing countries by 2020. But rich countries still haven’t delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say making good on that promise is crucial to keep poorer nations on board with efforts to cut emissions. But they also say that $100 billion is just a fraction of the money the developing world is going to need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAQ%3A+What%27s+at+stake+at+the+COP27+global+climate+negotiations&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Rare and Beautiful Total Lunar Eclipse: What Time to Watch It on Tuesday Morning",
"headTitle": "A Rare and Beautiful Total Lunar Eclipse: What Time to Watch It on Tuesday Morning | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A rare perfect alignment of sun, Earth and moon will take place in the early morning hours of Tuesday, November 8, setting the stage for one of the most spectacular celestial events of the night sky: \u003ca href=\"https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/eclipses/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a total lunar eclipse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full moon will pass through the point in the sky exactly opposite the sun and be painted in inky darkness by Earth’s shadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special treat is in store for sky enthusiasts around the Bay Area and along the West Coast, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-november-8\">the eclipse will be visible from beginning to end\u003c/a>, without interruption by moonrise or moonset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980620 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the world in the background. A red moon in the center foreground with purple, blue, green yellow, orange and red lines extending across the image.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World map showing where, and how much of, the total lunar eclipse on Nov. 8, 2022, will be visible. The entire sequence of this eclipse (shown as the darkest region on the map) will be visible from half of the Pacific Ocean, including the entire West Coast of the US. Times are shown in Coordinated Universal Time (Greenwich Mean Time). \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Scientific Visualization Studio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>When is the eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The eclipse begins Tuesday morning at 12:02 a.m. PST, when the moon first encounters Earth’s partial, or penumbral, shadow. You may not see much of a change immediately, but over the next hour you can witness a subtle dimming of the full moon’s brightness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real show begins at 1:09 a.m., when the moon contacts Earth’s full shadow, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/umbra-and-penumbra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dark umbra \u003c/a>blocking all sunlight. In the moments after, a prominent darkening will appear at the moon’s edge as the shadow nibbles away at the bright lunar disk. By 1:50 a.m., half of the moon will be consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Space and Science Center is hosting a \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/total-lunar-eclipse-2/\">Total Lunar Eclipse Watch Party\u003c/a> from 11:30 p.m. on Monday evening until 4 a.m. Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980616 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram that shows two grey triangles streaming behind Earth's north and south poles -- that's the Penumbra. And a black triangle, Earth's Umbra, streaming from the equator. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of Earth’s partial (penumbral) and full (umbral) shadows. When the moon passes through Earth’s shadow, we witness a lunar eclipse. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Totality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The climax of the eclipse, what’s known as “totality,” starts at 2:16 a.m. and will last almost an hour and a half. This is when the moon is fully engulfed in Earth’s dark umbra. The moon will be deepest in shadow and darkest at 2:59 a.m. If you’re only interested in waking for a few moments to catch a glimpse of the eclipse, this is the time to set your alarm for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Totality ends at 3:41 a.m., when the moon begins to emerge from the umbral shadow into the partial sunlight of the penumbra, where only some of the sun’s light is blocked. If you’re a die-hard fan of lunar eclipses, you can stay up until the eclipse officially ends at 5:56 a.m. — but totality is the best part of the show, so when that’s over you can go back to bed and not worry about missing much.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why doesn’t the moon completely disappear at totality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During a total lunar eclipse, the moon passes through Earth’s full shadow, the umbra, where no direct sunlight falls, yet it is still lit up in a dull orange or reddish light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunlight that slips around the edges of the Earth is bent and filtered by our atmosphere, its twilight rays \u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/space/when-can-you-see-earths-shadow/\">shining into the dark umbra\u003c/a> like a dim night-light. We see the same rosy glow at dusk every evening as sunlight is scattered over the horizon to illuminate the landscape, even after the sun has set. The same atmospheric glow passes on into space, shedding its radiance into Earth’s shadow. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980621 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s.jpg\" alt=\"The white moon partially shadowed in red and white. \" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Total lunar eclipse on Jan. 20, 2000. This photograph was taken during totality; one edge of the moon appears brighter since it was crossing near the edge of Earth’s dark umbral shadow, and not deeply through the center. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space and Science Center/Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">An astronaut standing on the moon and looking back at the Earth during a total lunar eclipse would see a black disk rimmed in a ring of fiery light that includes all the Earth’s sunrises and sunsets in one stunning view.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How often do lunar eclipses occur?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nineplanets.org/total-lunar-eclipse/\">Lunar eclipses occur regularly\u003c/a>, anywhere between two and four times per year. Some are partial eclipses, when the moon only grazes Earth’s umbral shadow. Some are penumbral eclipses, where the moon misses the umbra completely and only passes through Earth’s half-shadow, its light dimming so subtly it might not even be noticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total lunar eclipse happens about every two and a half years, on average, and is only visible from half of our planet, and in some locations only partially. So, November’s full, end-to-end eclipse is a very rare treat for people on the West Coast who can enjoy it — and well worth getting up in the middle of the night to witness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Benjamin Burress has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space and Science Center since July 1999.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A rare perfect alignment of sun, Earth and moon will produce a total lunar eclipse in the early morning hours of Tuesday, November 8. The climax of the eclipse starts at 2:16 a.m.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A rare perfect alignment of sun, Earth and moon will take place in the early morning hours of Tuesday, November 8, setting the stage for one of the most spectacular celestial events of the night sky: \u003ca href=\"https://moon.nasa.gov/moon-in-motion/eclipses/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a total lunar eclipse\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full moon will pass through the point in the sky exactly opposite the sun and be painted in inky darkness by Earth’s shadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special treat is in store for sky enthusiasts around the Bay Area and along the West Coast, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2022-november-8\">the eclipse will be visible from beginning to end\u003c/a>, without interruption by moonrise or moonset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980620 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the world in the background. A red moon in the center foreground with purple, blue, green yellow, orange and red lines extending across the image.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nov0822-totallunareclipse-worldmap-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World map showing where, and how much of, the total lunar eclipse on Nov. 8, 2022, will be visible. The entire sequence of this eclipse (shown as the darkest region on the map) will be visible from half of the Pacific Ocean, including the entire West Coast of the US. Times are shown in Coordinated Universal Time (Greenwich Mean Time). \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Scientific Visualization Studio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>When is the eclipse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The eclipse begins Tuesday morning at 12:02 a.m. PST, when the moon first encounters Earth’s partial, or penumbral, shadow. You may not see much of a change immediately, but over the next hour you can witness a subtle dimming of the full moon’s brightness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real show begins at 1:09 a.m., when the moon contacts Earth’s full shadow, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/umbra-and-penumbra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dark umbra \u003c/a>blocking all sunlight. In the moments after, a prominent darkening will appear at the moon’s edge as the shadow nibbles away at the bright lunar disk. By 1:50 a.m., half of the moon will be consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Space and Science Center is hosting a \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/total-lunar-eclipse-2/\">Total Lunar Eclipse Watch Party\u003c/a> from 11:30 p.m. on Monday evening until 4 a.m. Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980616 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram that shows two grey triangles streaming behind Earth's north and south poles -- that's the Penumbra. And a black triangle, Earth's Umbra, streaming from the equator. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/umbra-penumbra-NASA-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of Earth’s partial (penumbral) and full (umbral) shadows. When the moon passes through Earth’s shadow, we witness a lunar eclipse. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Totality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The climax of the eclipse, what’s known as “totality,” starts at 2:16 a.m. and will last almost an hour and a half. This is when the moon is fully engulfed in Earth’s dark umbra. The moon will be deepest in shadow and darkest at 2:59 a.m. If you’re only interested in waking for a few moments to catch a glimpse of the eclipse, this is the time to set your alarm for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Totality ends at 3:41 a.m., when the moon begins to emerge from the umbral shadow into the partial sunlight of the penumbra, where only some of the sun’s light is blocked. If you’re a die-hard fan of lunar eclipses, you can stay up until the eclipse officially ends at 5:56 a.m. — but totality is the best part of the show, so when that’s over you can go back to bed and not worry about missing much.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why doesn’t the moon completely disappear at totality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During a total lunar eclipse, the moon passes through Earth’s full shadow, the umbra, where no direct sunlight falls, yet it is still lit up in a dull orange or reddish light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunlight that slips around the edges of the Earth is bent and filtered by our atmosphere, its twilight rays \u003ca href=\"https://earthsky.org/space/when-can-you-see-earths-shadow/\">shining into the dark umbra\u003c/a> like a dim night-light. We see the same rosy glow at dusk every evening as sunlight is scattered over the horizon to illuminate the landscape, even after the sun has set. The same atmospheric glow passes on into space, shedding its radiance into Earth’s shadow. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980621 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s.jpg\" alt=\"The white moon partially shadowed in red and white. \" width=\"900\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/Luneclipse-1-20-2000s-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Total lunar eclipse on Jan. 20, 2000. This photograph was taken during totality; one edge of the moon appears brighter since it was crossing near the edge of Earth’s dark umbral shadow, and not deeply through the center. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space and Science Center/Conrad Jung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">An astronaut standing on the moon and looking back at the Earth during a total lunar eclipse would see a black disk rimmed in a ring of fiery light that includes all the Earth’s sunrises and sunsets in one stunning view.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How often do lunar eclipses occur?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://nineplanets.org/total-lunar-eclipse/\">Lunar eclipses occur regularly\u003c/a>, anywhere between two and four times per year. Some are partial eclipses, when the moon only grazes Earth’s umbral shadow. Some are penumbral eclipses, where the moon misses the umbra completely and only passes through Earth’s half-shadow, its light dimming so subtly it might not even be noticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total lunar eclipse happens about every two and a half years, on average, and is only visible from half of our planet, and in some locations only partially. So, November’s full, end-to-end eclipse is a very rare treat for people on the West Coast who can enjoy it — and well worth getting up in the middle of the night to witness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Benjamin Burress has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space and Science Center since July 1999.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Listen to the Sound of Saturn's Tangled Radio Waves",
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"content": "\u003cp>Saturn’s beautiful rings and many moons are an impressive sight to view through a telescope. But as NASA’s Voyager and then\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html\"> Cassini spacecraft\u003c/a> discovered, as they rocketed close to the planet, Saturn also is surrounded by an invisible web of radio waves that are generated by high-energy particles in the planet’s electromagnetic field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassini captured a number of recordings of these radio waves, emissions similar to Earth’s auroral radio emissions, during the more than a decade it orbited the planet, before it plummeted into Saturn’s atmosphere in 2017. In addition to sounding a bit eerie, the radio waves are the cause of\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/11205-saturn-strange-radio-signals-cassini.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a mystery about the planet’s rotational rate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this episode of Audible Cosmos, we tune into some of Saturn’s radio emissions picked up by the Cassini spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Hear the \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/nasa/cassini-saturn-radio-emissions-1?in=nasa/sets/spookyspacesounds\">original sound\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/nasa/cassini-saturn-radio-emissions-2?in=nasa/sets/spookyspacesounds\">Saturn’s radio waves\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zcef943eoiQ&ab_channel=GreshamCollege\">Hear an explanation of the sound of Earth’s auroras — and listen to it.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audible Cosmos is produced and reported by Amanda Font and Lowell Robinson. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Saturn’s beautiful rings and many moons are an impressive sight to view through a telescope. But as NASA’s Voyager and then\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html\"> Cassini spacecraft\u003c/a> discovered, as they rocketed close to the planet, Saturn also is surrounded by an invisible web of radio waves that are generated by high-energy particles in the planet’s electromagnetic field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassini captured a number of recordings of these radio waves, emissions similar to Earth’s auroral radio emissions, during the more than a decade it orbited the planet, before it plummeted into Saturn’s atmosphere in 2017. In addition to sounding a bit eerie, the radio waves are the cause of\u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/11205-saturn-strange-radio-signals-cassini.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a mystery about the planet’s rotational rate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this episode of Audible Cosmos, we tune into some of Saturn’s radio emissions picked up by the Cassini spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Hear the \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/nasa/cassini-saturn-radio-emissions-1?in=nasa/sets/spookyspacesounds\">original sound\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/nasa/cassini-saturn-radio-emissions-2?in=nasa/sets/spookyspacesounds\">Saturn’s radio waves\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zcef943eoiQ&ab_channel=GreshamCollege\">Hear an explanation of the sound of Earth’s auroras — and listen to it.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audible Cosmos is produced and reported by Amanda Font and Lowell Robinson. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>Why is that yellowjacket crashing your BBQ? Well, she wants what you’re having: burgers, hot dogs, fish and turkey. But she doesn’t eat them herself. Her nest’s larvae need that protein to develop. So she carves up your dinner and makes teeny-tiny meatballs for them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ah, time for some grilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what’s up with this bee helping herself to my burger? Shouldn’t she be off pollinating something?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s often called a “meat bee,” but she’s not a bee at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s a western yellowjacket — a type of wasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are you sure that’s a yellowjacket? Learn how to spot a yellowjacket and \u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/QT/yellowjacketscard.html\">how to manage them\u003c/a> from the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn what to do if a yellowjacket nest is in a location that puts people in danger and needs to be removed. Get more info from the \u003ca href=\"https://wasps.ucr.edu/wasp-faqs\">University of California, Riverside Department of Entomology Wasp FAQs\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can tell her apart from a bee because she’s a little bit less hairy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now this yellowjacket is on a hunt for tasty protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she’ll have what you’re having.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first she does a little quality control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensors on her mouthparts and antennae help her judge the food’s condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She slices off a chunk with scissor-like mandibles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she doesn’t actually eat this fine fare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mature yellowjackets like her don’t need the protein themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she rolls it up into a meatball, using her forelegs and mandibles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And takes that burger to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flying it back to her underground nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she does it all for these cuties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellowjacket larvae need protein to develop. And they like meatballs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that gathering food and flying around gives our adult yellowjacket an appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She prods the youngsters and they offer their thanks in the form of a sugary throw up, or exudate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The adults slurp that up and jet off on more meatball missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yellowjackets bring back all kinds of interesting entrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever tried moth wings?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cockroach croquettes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these yellowjackets make mouse tartare for their babies, they can clean a carcass down to the bone!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s an important service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I mean, would you want to clean this up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help fuel their frequent flying, they stop at flowers, downing sugary nectar and pollinating as they go\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about that sting?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike her bee cousins, she can sting again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a last resort when she or her nest is threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So give them some space!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And try to remember the good she does as a scavenger, a pollinator and a provider for her colony, as she’s swiping a tiny meatball from your plate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are you sure that’s a yellowjacket? Learn how to spot a yellowjacket and \u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/QT/yellowjacketscard.html\">how to manage them\u003c/a> from the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn what to do if a yellowjacket nest is in a location that puts people in danger and needs to be removed. Get more info from the \u003ca href=\"https://wasps.ucr.edu/wasp-faqs\">University of California, Riverside Department of Entomology Wasp FAQs\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can tell her apart from a bee because she’s a little bit less hairy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now this yellowjacket is on a hunt for tasty protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she’ll have what you’re having.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first she does a little quality control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sensors on her mouthparts and antennae help her judge the food’s condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She slices off a chunk with scissor-like mandibles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she doesn’t actually eat this fine fare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mature yellowjackets like her don’t need the protein themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she rolls it up into a meatball, using her forelegs and mandibles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And takes that burger to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flying it back to her underground nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she does it all for these cuties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellowjacket larvae need protein to develop. And they like meatballs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that gathering food and flying around gives our adult yellowjacket an appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She prods the youngsters and they offer their thanks in the form of a sugary throw up, or exudate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The adults slurp that up and jet off on more meatball missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yellowjackets bring back all kinds of interesting entrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever tried moth wings?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cockroach croquettes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these yellowjackets make mouse tartare for their babies, they can clean a carcass down to the bone!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s an important service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I mean, would you want to clean this up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help fuel their frequent flying, they stop at flowers, downing sugary nectar and pollinating as they go\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about that sting?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike her bee cousins, she can sting again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a last resort when she or her nest is threatened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So give them some space!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And try to remember the good she does as a scavenger, a pollinator and a provider for her colony, as she’s swiping a tiny meatball from your plate.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'It Comes to Race': Marin City Residents Demand Flood Protections",
"headTitle": "‘It Comes to Race’: Marin City Residents Demand Flood Protections | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED’s series “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-neglected water system in Marin City, an unincorporated community about 5 miles north of San Francisco, is one of the most vulnerable to climate-driven flooding in the entire Bay Area. The neighborhoods of mostly one-story homes and apartments abut Richardson Bay, separated from the water by Highway 101 and a narrow bike trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single tidal gate allows water to escape into the bay, and it’s regularly filled with sand and debris. When atmospheric rivers dump rainwater, the water from the gate backs up into the channel under the freeway and floods the only road in and out of Marin City, rendering it impassable by car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marin City is like a bathtub with only one drain,” said Kristina Hill, director of the Institute for Urban and Regional Development at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the century, climate change may make these \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">deluges from the sky up to 37% wetter\u003c/a>, according to a June 2022 study by Bay Area climate scientists, and the flooding in Marin City far worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, warming temperatures could push San Francisco Bay up from sea level rise — as much as 10.2 feet by the end of the century. Brackish water could displace and corrode underground sewer pipes and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980558\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A bright green baseball field in the foreground, surrounded by hills lined with homes and the bay beyond it. Behind the bay there are white clouds and an outline of the San Francisco shore lined with tall buildings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marin City can be seen from Alta Trail northwest of the unincorporated area of Marin County. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All these low-lying areas are going to have a flooding threat that is much bigger than we anticipate when looking at just sea level rise,” said Kris May, founder of the Pathways Climate Institute. Marin County found that sea level rise \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.org/-/media/files/departments/cd/planning/slr/baywave/vulnerability-assessment-final/final_allpages_bvbconsulting_reduced.pdf?la=en\">could flood half of all commercial properties in Marin City (PDF)\u003c/a> and displace those in low-lying areas. Residents have long said that Marin City’s neglected water system is an ugly example of racism in the region’s past housing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 3,000 people — 63% people of color — dwell within Marin City’s 344 acres. About \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0645820\">13% live below the poverty line\u003c/a>, according to U.S. Census Bureau data, despite the fact that the area is part of Marin County, one of the richest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Terrie Harris-Green, executive director, Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice']‘We’re at a place in Marin City where we’re saying enough is enough. It comes to race. It comes down to it.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in Marin City have higher asthma rates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2017/09/28/marin-city-health-issues-discussed-at-state-forum/\">shorter life expectancies\u003c/a> and huge cost burdens when compared to the rest of the state. Add climate change, and residents here face a double vulnerability, as do many communities of color around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marin City has flooded for over 80 years,” said resident Terrie Harris-Green, swiveling in a black, pleather office chair to prop up an inundation map of Marin City on a nearby chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 72-year-old Black woman wears a bright red floor-length dress and a cloud-colored cardigan. She’s the founder of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MCCRHJ/\">Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice\u003c/a> and has fought for environmental justice for this community for decades. She said the local government hasn’t adequately invested in this community and its infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re left out of so much when it comes to this county, but we’re going to continue to fight,” she said. “We’re at a place in Marin City where we’re saying enough is enough. It comes to race. It comes down to it. It comes to race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green and other residents are wrestling with officials they don’t trust for agency over climate plans and flood protections, vowing that Marin City won’t continue to be neglected. They are calling for reparations to repair the harm caused by decades of government inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980603 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman with short brown hair wears a flowy black blouse. She stands in front of a fenced in pond surrounded by weeds. A highway is in the background and building lined hills are in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terrie Harris-Green poses for a portrait near a pond in Marin City on April 7, 2022, after a community meeting with California Senator Mike McGuire to discuss flooding issues in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Four megafloods this century\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/AtmosphericRiver_10_24-25_2021\">atmospheric river parked itself\u003c/a> over Marin City last October, turning looping residential streets into rivers, swamping Donahue Street, and filling the freeway underpass and the only entrance into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinaka Green and her 14-year-old son were driving home from a high school football game when the storm hit. They sat for hours, stuck behind a line of cars, sandwiched between the highway and San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were trapped,” said Green, Harris-Green’s 41-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She abandoned her car on the side of the road in the neighboring city of Sausalito, a ritzy tourist destination with quaint houseboats and wine bars, and trudged a quarter-mile through knee-deep water. She said sewage spilled from utility holes, merging with the stormwater and drenching their shoes and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took off everything, put it in a bag and threw it away,” she said. Fast floods caused by atmospheric rivers are incredibly dangerous. The same year, two people died when their car \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZFktiKpSOo\">was submerged in a flooded underpass in Millbrae\u003c/a>. The main underpass into and out of Millbrae regularly floods, like Marin City’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This flooding is a precursor of what the Bay Area will experience as climate change escalates, increasing the risk of a California megaflood. Superstorms fueled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101890265/how-climate-change-is-escalating-the-risk-of-a-california-megaflood\">atmospheric rivers could bring more than 16 inches of rainfall across the state in one month\u003c/a> and cause catastrophic flooding, according to new research from UCLA scientists Xingying Huang and Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is we built our infrastructure assuming these events were very rare,” said Swain. “Now, they are something you should be expecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As many as four megafloods could swamp California this century, according to Swain. How bad the megastorms will be for Marin City will depend, in part, on how fast the world reduces emissions that cause climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst-case scenario for Marin City is a megastorm wailing on the community at the same time as a king tide, trapping residents for many consecutive days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our tolerance for making mistakes is getting really, really small,” said UC Berkeley’s Hill. “We just don’t have any room for error anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980605 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two people in neon yellow rain gear reach into a flooded storm drain. Behind them is a playground and a stream of water in a grey cement culvert. The water is brown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers try to divert water into drains as rain pours down on Oct. 24, 2021, in Marin City. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘They don’t want to see us’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, a storm dropped nearly two inches of rain on Marin City, a deluge that coincided with a king tide that pushed tides 8 feet higher than usual. Flooding cut off access into the neighborhoods and swamped Highway 101, backing up traffic for miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County launched a study of the issue following that storm. Since then, flooding has shut down highway traffic completely and blocked Marin City’s only egress three more times. During a 2017 flood, residents reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfestuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SFEP_RWNA_09.07_MarinCityClimate.090122.pdf\">a school bus driver left children (PDF)\u003c/a> to “walk through contaminated water to get home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During last October’s storm, Lauren Mims and her father worried that floodwaters would overwhelm their car on the way to the grocery store. She’s one of a handful of teens who train with Harris-Green’s climate group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not really paid attention to because there’s a lot of African Americans here, and they don’t want to see us,” Mims, 14, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green and others have pressed officials for new flooding infrastructure for decades. The last major drainage improvement project occurred in the mid-1990s when a shopping center was built next to the freeway along with a temporary floodwall to block rising water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-some years later, the aging drainage system of pipes, a tide gate and culverts don’t “function as originally designed,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://marinflooddistrict.org/documents/marin-city-flood-drainage-study-january-2018/?filter_categories%5B%5D=576\">2017 county drainage study (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about sea level rise projections in 2050 with 3 feet — we have that right now,” Harris-Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px;min-width: 325px\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial/video/7059492308387007791\" data-video-id=\"7059492308387007791\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@kqedofficial\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial?refer=embed\">@kqedofficial\u003c/a> Lauren Mims of Marin City’s \u003ca title=\"poem\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/poem?refer=embed\">#poem\u003c/a> speaks to the climate crisis affecting her community. 🗣\u003ca title=\"climatechange\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/climatechange?refer=embed\">#climatechange\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"climateaction\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/climateaction?refer=embed\">#climateaction\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"youth4climate\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/youth4climate?refer=embed\">#youth4climate\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - kqed\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-7059492294818417455?refer=embed\">♬ original sound – kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[tiktok]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A history of displacement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the early 20th century, Marin City was green pastureland and bustling dairies. In the 1940s, shipbuilders constructed rows of motel-style apartments to house thousands of workers who built warships in Sausalito for the Navy during World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green’s family relocated to Marin City from Texas, migrating here as many Black people did from the South and the Midwest for work in the shipyards. When the war was over, many families stayed, including Harris-Green’s. But county conservation land restricted Marin City’s growth. Many of Marin City’s Black residents were displaced when, in the 1960s, officials tore down temporary housing from the shipbuilding effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White families were able to go out and buy homes. Not so for people of color,” Harris-Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African Americans were kept from buying houses in other parts of the county by \u003ca href=\"http://iurd.berkeley.edu/uploads/Marin_City_Final.pdf\">“restrictive, exclusionary covenants” (PDF)\u003c/a> according to a displacement case study by researchers at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Black families bought homes in the hillsides around Marin City that increased in value over time. In the 1980s, these homeowners aged or passed away and many of their families could no longer afford them. They were forced to sell, mostly to white families.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We want equal treatment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980578 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman wearing glasses, an orange headscarf, a black shire and a grey jacket speaks into a microphone in a white colored church. A line of people stand behind her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aleta Touré, from Marin City, speaks during public comment at the first in-person meeting of the California Reparations Task Force at the Third Baptist Church in San Francisco’s Fillmore District on April 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a bright April day, Marin City residents gathered at Rocky Graham Park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/rocky-graham-park\">the only park in Marin City\u003c/a>, for a community-led reparations event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green spoke from behind a lectern under a silver-and-green metal gazebo. She said the health inequities people in Marin City experience are especially unjust as Marin County is ranked the \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.org/main/county-press-releases/press-releases/2022/hhs-healthiestcounty-042722#:~:text=San%20Rafael%2C%20CA%20%E2%80%93%20Marin%20has,Rankings%20%26%20Roadmaps%20released%20April%2027.\">healthiest county in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need reparations here in Marin City,” she said. “Too much sickness and disease is happening and been happening in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is exploring how to repair the harm of a violent history of slavery and centuries of oppression through the work of a statewide \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906054/it-means-to-repair-what-you-should-know-about-reparations-for-black-californians\">task force on reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green said, as part of that effort, leaders must engage residents in climate adaptation plans for issues like flooding, not just in one-off community engagement-type meetings, but in direct involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Shannon Lee Bynum, Marin City resident']‘We want fair justice and we want equal treatment. We deserve it and we work for it.’[/pullquote]“We’ve gone to our political leaders long enough, because they treat us as if we don’t exist,” said Harris-Green. “We want to participate in planning and decision-making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon Lee Bynum, 65, was raised in small, military-style apartments within Marin City. His family was one of the first Black families to buy a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bynum’s father ran a funeral business and tried to buy a house elsewhere in Marin County but was denied because of racist housing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want fair justice and we want equal treatment,” he said. “We deserve it and we work for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bynum said justice looks like “healthy stuff like everybody else,” affordable homes, easy access to parks and all of the privileges synonymous with Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Black people living with the legacy of slavery and facing climate threats, the two issues are as interconnected as air is to lungs, said Maya Carrasquillo, civil and environmental engineering professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see the way it affects people and mostly people that look like us,” said Carrasquillo, who identifies racially as Black and ethnically as an Afro-Latina. “You can’t look at one without the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If climate solutions center communities of color, she said, they can be a form of reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not enough to just say, ‘We’re gonna try to protect you,'” Carrasquillo said of the flooding. “We need to make sure that you’re out of harm’s way, period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980541\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980541\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54013_034_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A Black man in a black pants, a white T-shirt and a black baseball cap picks up an empty blue five gallon jug of water. He is near a red outdoor wall of a house and a number of empty five gallon jugs.\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54013_034_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54013_034_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shannon Lee Bynum replaces a filtered water tank at his home in Marin City on March 1, 2022. His family won’t drink the tap water here. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Neglect and a culture of mistrust\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2020, Harris-Green’s group and the San Francisco Estuary Partnership \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfestuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SFEP_RWNA_09.07_MarinCityClimate.090122.pdf\">surveyed 280 residents (PDF)\u003c/a> and found that 85% were concerned about aging pipes, 43% about sewage contaminating their drinking water and 40% about chemical dumping in Marin City during WWII when shipbuilders operated before modern environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Municipal Water District regularly tests water flowing into Marin City and hasn’t found elevated levels of contamination, according to health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hasn’t tested the soil because it doesn’t have clear documentation that toxic waste was dumped there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a dissatisfying answer to Harris-Green.[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Aalaya Wheeler, Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice']‘We have the same breath in our bodies that anybody else has. We should have the same environmental rights and freedoms as everybody else.’[/pullquote]Her group is leading a series of independent actions, mapping pollution-filled utility holes and unmarked waste sites and partnering with environmental groups to test for contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consulting firm found heavy metal pollution at a pond that drains into the bay. It recommended the contamination be removed, which has not happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After residents complained about cloudy and brown water coming out of their taps, Harris-Green’s group began circulating cardboard test boxes to more than 50 homes so that residents could have their tap water examined for metals or other pollution. Her staff is still compiling and analyzing the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aalaya Wheeler, a 26-year-old who works for Harris-Green’s group, helped residents with the effort, running sink water over thin test strips and collecting samples in clear plastic bottles. She doesn’t understand why little has been done to fix contamination and flooding issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the same breath in our bodies that anybody else has,” Wheeler said. “We should have the same environmental rights and freedoms as everybody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman in a multicolored headscarf and a grey sweatshirt fills a translucent bottle full of water in a offwhite kitchen. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinaka Green takes water samples from the kitchen tap at the home of Shannon Lee Bynum in Marin City on March 1, 2022, to test for contaminants. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Finally getting attention\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>County and state officials are struggling to meet the demands of Marin City residents and expedite climate adaptation here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County Health Officer Matt Willis said he is in regular contact with Harris-Green. He said comprehensive soil and water testing is needed to alleviate the community’s concerns about potential contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not found yet any evidence of elevated levels, but I think we need to be even more comprehensive,” Willis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional and state officials have pledged to walk the community with Harris-Green, but this has yet to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County District 10 Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters, who is white, acknowledged that Marin City has not received significant investments for flooding or testing issues because of “systemic racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we need to change up our systems,” said Moulton-Peters, who represents Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moulton-Peters and county officials have pursued several grant opportunities to pay for flood prevention around Marin City that have so far been unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael), Marin City’s representative in Congress, convened a series of private stakeholder meetings to respond to the concerns of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman told KQED in an emailed statement that funds from the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/\">Bipartisan Infrastructure Law\u003c/a>, intended to rebuild crumbling roads and bridges, could help fix flooding issues in Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also has convened a working group to improve emergency response to the area and access to and egress from Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980579\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980579\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman in a light-blue collared shirt speaks to a crowd of mixed-race people next to a pond.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marin County Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters and California Senator Mike McGuire speak during a community meeting to address issues of flooding in Marin City on April 7, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Geography of hope\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The work Harris-Green is slogging through daily — pressing leaders for change, holding rallies and testing for contamination — is building power for people of color to have agency over the decisions that affect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These acts of shifting power dynamics create what UC Davis professor Beth Rose Middleton Manning calls \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2514848619875920\">a geography of hope\u003c/a>, a way the community can force social and ecological outcomes in the face of injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A geography of hope is very much about people’s relationship to their place and envisioning how to get out of difficult situations,” said Middleton Manning, associate director of environmental and climate justice for the UC Davis Institute of the Environment. “[It] is the practice of making that real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions of Harris-Green, Wheeler and Mims could push Marin County to end a culture of racism while protecting Marin City from flooding caused by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our people came here from the South, they came here to make life better for themselves, which included their community. Ingrained in me is [the idea]: ‘We got to help one another,'” said Harris-Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980542\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55193_013_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman wearing a black blouse and short brown hair looks to the left. A woman in a teal tank-top looks at her. The sky is almost white, but yet blue. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55193_013_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55193_013_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terrie Harris-Green speaks during a community meeting to address flooding in Marin City, near a pond at the Marin Gateway Shopping Center that is prone to flooding, in Marin City on April 7, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On an unseasonably cool July day, Harris-Green sounded hopeful. State Sen. Mike McGuire had just called her and said, “Terrie, I have some good news for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California allocated $10 million in its latest budget to start planning solutions for Marin City’s flooding issues; it’s the first time officials asked Harris-Green what needs fixing in Marin City. She called it a “historic moment” that “gives us a sense of hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, Harris-Green read an article in the Marin Independent Journal about the Marin City flooding plan that quoted \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2022/07/03/marin-highway-flooding-projects-get-30m-from-state/\">state officials talking about the importance of protecting Highway 101\u003c/a>. She felt like the officials might be favoring the highway and called McGuire back to say, in no uncertain terms, that the flooding in Marin City must be the priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Broken pipes. A backed-up tidal gate. A single road in and out of town that regularly floods. Facing storms super-fueled by climate change, Black residents of Marin City demand officials fix a water system the county's long neglected.",
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"description": "Broken pipes. A backed-up tidal gate. A single road in and out of town that regularly floods. Facing storms super-fueled by climate change, Black residents of Marin City demand officials fix a water system the county's long neglected.",
"title": "'It Comes to Race': Marin City Residents Demand Flood Protections | KQED",
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"headline": "'It Comes to Race': Marin City Residents Demand Flood Protections",
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"subhead": "Broken pipes. A backed up tidal gate. A single road in and out of town that regularly floods. Marin City's Black residents want climate justice.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED’s series “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-neglected water system in Marin City, an unincorporated community about 5 miles north of San Francisco, is one of the most vulnerable to climate-driven flooding in the entire Bay Area. The neighborhoods of mostly one-story homes and apartments abut Richardson Bay, separated from the water by Highway 101 and a narrow bike trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A single tidal gate allows water to escape into the bay, and it’s regularly filled with sand and debris. When atmospheric rivers dump rainwater, the water from the gate backs up into the channel under the freeway and floods the only road in and out of Marin City, rendering it impassable by car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marin City is like a bathtub with only one drain,” said Kristina Hill, director of the Institute for Urban and Regional Development at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the century, climate change may make these \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094722000275\">deluges from the sky up to 37% wetter\u003c/a>, according to a June 2022 study by Bay Area climate scientists, and the flooding in Marin City far worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, warming temperatures could push San Francisco Bay up from sea level rise — as much as 10.2 feet by the end of the century. Brackish water could displace and corrode underground sewer pipes and other infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980558\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980558\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A bright green baseball field in the foreground, surrounded by hills lined with homes and the bay beyond it. Behind the bay there are white clouds and an outline of the San Francisco shore lined with tall buildings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54020_042_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marin City can be seen from Alta Trail northwest of the unincorporated area of Marin County. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All these low-lying areas are going to have a flooding threat that is much bigger than we anticipate when looking at just sea level rise,” said Kris May, founder of the Pathways Climate Institute. Marin County found that sea level rise \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.org/-/media/files/departments/cd/planning/slr/baywave/vulnerability-assessment-final/final_allpages_bvbconsulting_reduced.pdf?la=en\">could flood half of all commercial properties in Marin City (PDF)\u003c/a> and displace those in low-lying areas. Residents have long said that Marin City’s neglected water system is an ugly example of racism in the region’s past housing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 3,000 people — 63% people of color — dwell within Marin City’s 344 acres. About \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0645820\">13% live below the poverty line\u003c/a>, according to U.S. Census Bureau data, despite the fact that the area is part of Marin County, one of the richest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We’re at a place in Marin City where we’re saying enough is enough. It comes to race. It comes down to it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in Marin City have higher asthma rates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2017/09/28/marin-city-health-issues-discussed-at-state-forum/\">shorter life expectancies\u003c/a> and huge cost burdens when compared to the rest of the state. Add climate change, and residents here face a double vulnerability, as do many communities of color around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marin City has flooded for over 80 years,” said resident Terrie Harris-Green, swiveling in a black, pleather office chair to prop up an inundation map of Marin City on a nearby chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 72-year-old Black woman wears a bright red floor-length dress and a cloud-colored cardigan. She’s the founder of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MCCRHJ/\">Marin City Climate Resilience and Health Justice\u003c/a> and has fought for environmental justice for this community for decades. She said the local government hasn’t adequately invested in this community and its infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re left out of so much when it comes to this county, but we’re going to continue to fight,” she said. “We’re at a place in Marin City where we’re saying enough is enough. It comes to race. It comes down to it. It comes to race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green and other residents are wrestling with officials they don’t trust for agency over climate plans and flood protections, vowing that Marin City won’t continue to be neglected. They are calling for reparations to repair the harm caused by decades of government inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980603 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman with short brown hair wears a flowy black blouse. She stands in front of a fenced in pond surrounded by weeds. A highway is in the background and building lined hills are in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/001_KQEDScience_MarinCityTerrieGreen_04072022.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terrie Harris-Green poses for a portrait near a pond in Marin City on April 7, 2022, after a community meeting with California Senator Mike McGuire to discuss flooding issues in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Four megafloods this century\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/AtmosphericRiver_10_24-25_2021\">atmospheric river parked itself\u003c/a> over Marin City last October, turning looping residential streets into rivers, swamping Donahue Street, and filling the freeway underpass and the only entrance into the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinaka Green and her 14-year-old son were driving home from a high school football game when the storm hit. They sat for hours, stuck behind a line of cars, sandwiched between the highway and San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were trapped,” said Green, Harris-Green’s 41-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She abandoned her car on the side of the road in the neighboring city of Sausalito, a ritzy tourist destination with quaint houseboats and wine bars, and trudged a quarter-mile through knee-deep water. She said sewage spilled from utility holes, merging with the stormwater and drenching their shoes and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took off everything, put it in a bag and threw it away,” she said. Fast floods caused by atmospheric rivers are incredibly dangerous. The same year, two people died when their car \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZFktiKpSOo\">was submerged in a flooded underpass in Millbrae\u003c/a>. The main underpass into and out of Millbrae regularly floods, like Marin City’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This flooding is a precursor of what the Bay Area will experience as climate change escalates, increasing the risk of a California megaflood. Superstorms fueled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101890265/how-climate-change-is-escalating-the-risk-of-a-california-megaflood\">atmospheric rivers could bring more than 16 inches of rainfall across the state in one month\u003c/a> and cause catastrophic flooding, according to new research from UCLA scientists Xingying Huang and Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is we built our infrastructure assuming these events were very rare,” said Swain. “Now, they are something you should be expecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As many as four megafloods could swamp California this century, according to Swain. How bad the megastorms will be for Marin City will depend, in part, on how fast the world reduces emissions that cause climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst-case scenario for Marin City is a megastorm wailing on the community at the same time as a king tide, trapping residents for many consecutive days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our tolerance for making mistakes is getting really, really small,” said UC Berkeley’s Hill. “We just don’t have any room for error anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980605\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980605 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two people in neon yellow rain gear reach into a flooded storm drain. Behind them is a playground and a stream of water in a grey cement culvert. The water is brown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348745966-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers try to divert water into drains as rain pours down on Oct. 24, 2021, in Marin City. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘They don’t want to see us’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2014, a storm dropped nearly two inches of rain on Marin City, a deluge that coincided with a king tide that pushed tides 8 feet higher than usual. Flooding cut off access into the neighborhoods and swamped Highway 101, backing up traffic for miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County launched a study of the issue following that storm. Since then, flooding has shut down highway traffic completely and blocked Marin City’s only egress three more times. During a 2017 flood, residents reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfestuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SFEP_RWNA_09.07_MarinCityClimate.090122.pdf\">a school bus driver left children (PDF)\u003c/a> to “walk through contaminated water to get home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During last October’s storm, Lauren Mims and her father worried that floodwaters would overwhelm their car on the way to the grocery store. She’s one of a handful of teens who train with Harris-Green’s climate group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not really paid attention to because there’s a lot of African Americans here, and they don’t want to see us,” Mims, 14, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green and others have pressed officials for new flooding infrastructure for decades. The last major drainage improvement project occurred in the mid-1990s when a shopping center was built next to the freeway along with a temporary floodwall to block rising water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-some years later, the aging drainage system of pipes, a tide gate and culverts don’t “function as originally designed,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://marinflooddistrict.org/documents/marin-city-flood-drainage-study-january-2018/?filter_categories%5B%5D=576\">2017 county drainage study (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about sea level rise projections in 2050 with 3 feet — we have that right now,” Harris-Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px;min-width: 325px\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial/video/7059492308387007791\" data-video-id=\"7059492308387007791\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@kqedofficial\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial?refer=embed\">@kqedofficial\u003c/a> Lauren Mims of Marin City’s \u003ca title=\"poem\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/poem?refer=embed\">#poem\u003c/a> speaks to the climate crisis affecting her community. 🗣\u003ca title=\"climatechange\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/climatechange?refer=embed\">#climatechange\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"climateaction\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/climateaction?refer=embed\">#climateaction\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"youth4climate\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/youth4climate?refer=embed\">#youth4climate\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - kqed\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-7059492294818417455?refer=embed\">♬ original sound – kqed\u003c/a>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A history of displacement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the early 20th century, Marin City was green pastureland and bustling dairies. In the 1940s, shipbuilders constructed rows of motel-style apartments to house thousands of workers who built warships in Sausalito for the Navy during World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green’s family relocated to Marin City from Texas, migrating here as many Black people did from the South and the Midwest for work in the shipyards. When the war was over, many families stayed, including Harris-Green’s. But county conservation land restricted Marin City’s growth. Many of Marin City’s Black residents were displaced when, in the 1960s, officials tore down temporary housing from the shipbuilding effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White families were able to go out and buy homes. Not so for people of color,” Harris-Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African Americans were kept from buying houses in other parts of the county by \u003ca href=\"http://iurd.berkeley.edu/uploads/Marin_City_Final.pdf\">“restrictive, exclusionary covenants” (PDF)\u003c/a> according to a displacement case study by researchers at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Black families bought homes in the hillsides around Marin City that increased in value over time. In the 1980s, these homeowners aged or passed away and many of their families could no longer afford them. They were forced to sell, mostly to white families.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We want equal treatment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980578\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980578 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman wearing glasses, an orange headscarf, a black shire and a grey jacket speaks into a microphone in a white colored church. A line of people stand behind her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55258_008_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04132022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aleta Touré, from Marin City, speaks during public comment at the first in-person meeting of the California Reparations Task Force at the Third Baptist Church in San Francisco’s Fillmore District on April 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a bright April day, Marin City residents gathered at Rocky Graham Park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tpl.org/our-work/rocky-graham-park\">the only park in Marin City\u003c/a>, for a community-led reparations event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green spoke from behind a lectern under a silver-and-green metal gazebo. She said the health inequities people in Marin City experience are especially unjust as Marin County is ranked the \u003ca href=\"https://www.marincounty.org/main/county-press-releases/press-releases/2022/hhs-healthiestcounty-042722#:~:text=San%20Rafael%2C%20CA%20%E2%80%93%20Marin%20has,Rankings%20%26%20Roadmaps%20released%20April%2027.\">healthiest county in the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need reparations here in Marin City,” she said. “Too much sickness and disease is happening and been happening in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is exploring how to repair the harm of a violent history of slavery and centuries of oppression through the work of a statewide \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906054/it-means-to-repair-what-you-should-know-about-reparations-for-black-californians\">task force on reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris-Green said, as part of that effort, leaders must engage residents in climate adaptation plans for issues like flooding, not just in one-off community engagement-type meetings, but in direct involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We want fair justice and we want equal treatment. We deserve it and we work for it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’ve gone to our political leaders long enough, because they treat us as if we don’t exist,” said Harris-Green. “We want to participate in planning and decision-making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon Lee Bynum, 65, was raised in small, military-style apartments within Marin City. His family was one of the first Black families to buy a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bynum’s father ran a funeral business and tried to buy a house elsewhere in Marin County but was denied because of racist housing policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want fair justice and we want equal treatment,” he said. “We deserve it and we work for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bynum said justice looks like “healthy stuff like everybody else,” affordable homes, easy access to parks and all of the privileges synonymous with Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Black people living with the legacy of slavery and facing climate threats, the two issues are as interconnected as air is to lungs, said Maya Carrasquillo, civil and environmental engineering professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see the way it affects people and mostly people that look like us,” said Carrasquillo, who identifies racially as Black and ethnically as an Afro-Latina. “You can’t look at one without the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If climate solutions center communities of color, she said, they can be a form of reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not enough to just say, ‘We’re gonna try to protect you,'” Carrasquillo said of the flooding. “We need to make sure that you’re out of harm’s way, period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980541\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980541\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54013_034_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A Black man in a black pants, a white T-shirt and a black baseball cap picks up an empty blue five gallon jug of water. He is near a red outdoor wall of a house and a number of empty five gallon jugs.\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54013_034_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS54013_034_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shannon Lee Bynum replaces a filtered water tank at his home in Marin City on March 1, 2022. His family won’t drink the tap water here. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Neglect and a culture of mistrust\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2020, Harris-Green’s group and the San Francisco Estuary Partnership \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfestuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/SFEP_RWNA_09.07_MarinCityClimate.090122.pdf\">surveyed 280 residents (PDF)\u003c/a> and found that 85% were concerned about aging pipes, 43% about sewage contaminating their drinking water and 40% about chemical dumping in Marin City during WWII when shipbuilders operated before modern environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin Municipal Water District regularly tests water flowing into Marin City and hasn’t found elevated levels of contamination, according to health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hasn’t tested the soil because it doesn’t have clear documentation that toxic waste was dumped there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a dissatisfying answer to Harris-Green.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We have the same breath in our bodies that anybody else has. We should have the same environmental rights and freedoms as everybody else.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Her group is leading a series of independent actions, mapping pollution-filled utility holes and unmarked waste sites and partnering with environmental groups to test for contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consulting firm found heavy metal pollution at a pond that drains into the bay. It recommended the contamination be removed, which has not happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After residents complained about cloudy and brown water coming out of their taps, Harris-Green’s group began circulating cardboard test boxes to more than 50 homes so that residents could have their tap water examined for metals or other pollution. Her staff is still compiling and analyzing the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aalaya Wheeler, a 26-year-old who works for Harris-Green’s group, helped residents with the effort, running sink water over thin test strips and collecting samples in clear plastic bottles. She doesn’t understand why little has been done to fix contamination and flooding issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the same breath in our bodies that anybody else has,” Wheeler said. “We should have the same environmental rights and freedoms as everybody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman in a multicolored headscarf and a grey sweatshirt fills a translucent bottle full of water in a offwhite kitchen. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS53993_014_KQED_MarinCityWaterTesting_03012022-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinaka Green takes water samples from the kitchen tap at the home of Shannon Lee Bynum in Marin City on March 1, 2022, to test for contaminants. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Finally getting attention\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>County and state officials are struggling to meet the demands of Marin City residents and expedite climate adaptation here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County Health Officer Matt Willis said he is in regular contact with Harris-Green. He said comprehensive soil and water testing is needed to alleviate the community’s concerns about potential contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not found yet any evidence of elevated levels, but I think we need to be even more comprehensive,” Willis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional and state officials have pledged to walk the community with Harris-Green, but this has yet to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin County District 10 Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters, who is white, acknowledged that Marin City has not received significant investments for flooding or testing issues because of “systemic racism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we need to change up our systems,” said Moulton-Peters, who represents Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moulton-Peters and county officials have pursued several grant opportunities to pay for flood prevention around Marin City that have so far been unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael), Marin City’s representative in Congress, convened a series of private stakeholder meetings to respond to the concerns of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman told KQED in an emailed statement that funds from the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/\">Bipartisan Infrastructure Law\u003c/a>, intended to rebuild crumbling roads and bridges, could help fix flooding issues in Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also has convened a working group to improve emergency response to the area and access to and egress from Marin City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980579\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980579\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A white woman in a light-blue collared shirt speaks to a crowd of mixed-race people next to a pond.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55181_004_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marin County Supervisor Stephanie Moulton-Peters and California Senator Mike McGuire speak during a community meeting to address issues of flooding in Marin City on April 7, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Geography of hope\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The work Harris-Green is slogging through daily — pressing leaders for change, holding rallies and testing for contamination — is building power for people of color to have agency over the decisions that affect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These acts of shifting power dynamics create what UC Davis professor Beth Rose Middleton Manning calls \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2514848619875920\">a geography of hope\u003c/a>, a way the community can force social and ecological outcomes in the face of injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A geography of hope is very much about people’s relationship to their place and envisioning how to get out of difficult situations,” said Middleton Manning, associate director of environmental and climate justice for the UC Davis Institute of the Environment. “[It] is the practice of making that real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions of Harris-Green, Wheeler and Mims could push Marin County to end a culture of racism while protecting Marin City from flooding caused by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When our people came here from the South, they came here to make life better for themselves, which included their community. Ingrained in me is [the idea]: ‘We got to help one another,'” said Harris-Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980542\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55193_013_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman wearing a black blouse and short brown hair looks to the left. A woman in a teal tank-top looks at her. The sky is almost white, but yet blue. \" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55193_013_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/RS55193_013_KQED_MarinCity_04072022-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terrie Harris-Green speaks during a community meeting to address flooding in Marin City, near a pond at the Marin Gateway Shopping Center that is prone to flooding, in Marin City on April 7, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On an unseasonably cool July day, Harris-Green sounded hopeful. State Sen. Mike McGuire had just called her and said, “Terrie, I have some good news for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California allocated $10 million in its latest budget to start planning solutions for Marin City’s flooding issues; it’s the first time officials asked Harris-Green what needs fixing in Marin City. She called it a “historic moment” that “gives us a sense of hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, Harris-Green read an article in the Marin Independent Journal about the Marin City flooding plan that quoted \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2022/07/03/marin-highway-flooding-projects-get-30m-from-state/\">state officials talking about the importance of protecting Highway 101\u003c/a>. She felt like the officials might be favoring the highway and called McGuire back to say, in no uncertain terms, that the flooding in Marin City must be the priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Annelise Finney contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Patients are flooding Bay Area hospitals as a common respiratory virus sweeps across the region, mirroring a similar surge that has ravaged the East Coast this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last night I admitted a 3-year-old child from the emergency department who spent nine hours in the emergency room waiting for a bed in the hospital,” said Dr. David Cornfield, pediatric pulmonologist at Stanford University. “And that’s not terrifically unusual [right now].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, which feels like a bad cold. Symptoms can include a runny nose, a barking cough, wheezing or rapid breathing. Nearly every child on the planet has had RSV by the time they are 3 years old, and many catch it before they are 1 year old. However, the pandemic broke this pattern because older kids may have escaped it as an infant. Now they are catching RSV for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if we’re seeing a stacking up of the infectious risk that was deferred in recent years when viruses weren’t exchanged as readily because people were in isolation, wearing masks and not going to school,” said Cornfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the emergency department at Stanford’s Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital is full. Doctors at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals and Kaiser Permanente also say patient volume is unusually high, although they still have capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://wastewaterscan.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wastewater data\u003c/a> from San Francisco, Santa Clara and Sacramento and other Northern California communities show RSV levels are sky-high, similar to last winter’s peak in January. Scientists sampling sewage can measure the genomic material of viruses circulating in mucus, feces and urine to determine how much a bug is spreading within a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a really large increasing trend across all of our wastewater treatment plants that we are monitoring in the Bay Area as well as in Sacramento,” said Alexandria Boehm, who monitors the data and is a Stanford University environmental engineering professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is most people recover from RSV in a week or two. Doctors recommend drinking lots of fluids, resting and taking medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce fever. You can clear mucus from an infant’s nasal passage with a \u003ca href=\"nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/suctioning-the-nose-with-a-bulb-syringe\">bulb\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/suctioning-the-nose-with-a-bulb-syringe\">syringe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they breathe and you see the skin around their bones kind of sink in and it looks like they’re really sucking, that should certainly be a red flag to take your kid to the clinic or to the hospital,” said Dr. Ted Ruel, chief of pediatric infectious disease at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends people wash their hands frequently and stay home if they are sick. He’s also warning a nasty “tripledemic” could hit this year with flu, RSV and COVID-19 surging all at once. Ruel urges people to get a flu shot and stay current on coronavirus vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current COVID-19 rates have been decreasing and flattened in the Bay Area, but experts say a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/10/07/1127017062/early-signs-a-new-u-s-covid-surge-could-be-on-its-way\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">winter wave is likely\u003c/a>. New omicron variants are circulating in Germany and France, and European surges have been harbingers of what’s to come in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are absolutely worried about overlaps of all three viruses colliding at the same time,” said Ruel. “I think we’re still in the watch-and-see phase.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Patients are flooding Bay Area hospitals as a common respiratory virus sweeps across the region, mirroring a similar surge that has ravaged the East Coast this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last night I admitted a 3-year-old child from the emergency department who spent nine hours in the emergency room waiting for a bed in the hospital,” said Dr. David Cornfield, pediatric pulmonologist at Stanford University. “And that’s not terrifically unusual [right now].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, which feels like a bad cold. Symptoms can include a runny nose, a barking cough, wheezing or rapid breathing. Nearly every child on the planet has had RSV by the time they are 3 years old, and many catch it before they are 1 year old. However, the pandemic broke this pattern because older kids may have escaped it as an infant. Now they are catching RSV for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if we’re seeing a stacking up of the infectious risk that was deferred in recent years when viruses weren’t exchanged as readily because people were in isolation, wearing masks and not going to school,” said Cornfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the emergency department at Stanford’s Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital is full. Doctors at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals and Kaiser Permanente also say patient volume is unusually high, although they still have capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://wastewaterscan.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wastewater data\u003c/a> from San Francisco, Santa Clara and Sacramento and other Northern California communities show RSV levels are sky-high, similar to last winter’s peak in January. Scientists sampling sewage can measure the genomic material of viruses circulating in mucus, feces and urine to determine how much a bug is spreading within a community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a really large increasing trend across all of our wastewater treatment plants that we are monitoring in the Bay Area as well as in Sacramento,” said Alexandria Boehm, who monitors the data and is a Stanford University environmental engineering professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is most people recover from RSV in a week or two. Doctors recommend drinking lots of fluids, resting and taking medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce fever. You can clear mucus from an infant’s nasal passage with a \u003ca href=\"nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/suctioning-the-nose-with-a-bulb-syringe\">bulb\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/helping-hands/suctioning-the-nose-with-a-bulb-syringe\">syringe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they breathe and you see the skin around their bones kind of sink in and it looks like they’re really sucking, that should certainly be a red flag to take your kid to the clinic or to the hospital,” said Dr. Ted Ruel, chief of pediatric infectious disease at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends people wash their hands frequently and stay home if they are sick. He’s also warning a nasty “tripledemic” could hit this year with flu, RSV and COVID-19 surging all at once. Ruel urges people to get a flu shot and stay current on coronavirus vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current COVID-19 rates have been decreasing and flattened in the Bay Area, but experts say a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/10/07/1127017062/early-signs-a-new-u-s-covid-surge-could-be-on-its-way\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">winter wave is likely\u003c/a>. New omicron variants are circulating in Germany and France, and European surges have been harbingers of what’s to come in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are absolutely worried about overlaps of all three viruses colliding at the same time,” said Ruel. “I think we’re still in the watch-and-see phase.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here's Where to Download California's Earthquake Early Warning App",
"headTitle": "Here’s Where to Download California’s Earthquake Early Warning App | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Earthquake early warning alerts are on the minds of many Bay Area residents this week, after a magnitude 5.1 earthquake — the region’s largest in eight years — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11930113/major-5-1-earthquake-east-of-san-jose-rattles-bay-area\">hit the hills east of San José late Tuesday morning\u003c/a>, rattling cities but ultimately inflicting little damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100,000 people reported receiving a warning before the shaking started, through California’s earthquake early warning system, according to the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, or Cal OES.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advance notice varied from two seconds for those very near the epicenter to 18 seconds for those in San Francisco,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake early warning alerts are publicly available throughout California, and can ideally buy people more time to protect themselves from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968352/android-phones-will-now-automatically-receive-california-earthquake-warnings\">announced in 2020\u003c/a> that all Android phones will automatically receive the warnings. iPhone users just need to download the free MyShake app to receive alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nDownload the MyShake app\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&hl=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Google Play\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/app/id1467058529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iOS App Store\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MyShake FAQ\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/208826/dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system\">sluggish\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/208826/dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system\">progress\u003c/a> in developing the early warning system, Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled MyShake statewide in 2019, to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake, which ravaged the Bay Area on Oct. 17, 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, the state successfully \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1970388/california-tests-myshake-quake-warning-app-download-for-android-and-iphones\">tested\u003c/a> its \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert system\u003c/a>, sending alerts to 5 million people who had downloaded UC Berkeley’s MyShake app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phone app warns users to “drop, cover, and hold on” if they are likely to experience shaking intensity of at least three — out of a maximum 10 — in a magnitude 4.5 or higher earthquake. Level-three shaking intensity will be felt “quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings,” according to USGS’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/modified-mercalli-intensity-scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS calculates that California has a 99.7% chance of being struck by at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system alerts people a few moments before a quake can be felt, so they can prepare. It uses numerous seismic stations to detect the start of an earthquake, and employs rapid communications to send the data to computers that instantly calculate the location, magnitude and intensity of shaking, sending out alerts to areas within the quake zone. The system, however, does not predict earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnings produced by the ShakeAlert system are also pushed through the same wireless notification system that issues Amber Alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was originally published on Oct. 21, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Earthquake early warning alerts are on the minds of many Bay Area residents this week, after a magnitude 5.1 earthquake — the region's largest in eight years — hit the hills east of San José Tuesday morning.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Earthquake early warning alerts are on the minds of many Bay Area residents this week, after a magnitude 5.1 earthquake — the region’s largest in eight years — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11930113/major-5-1-earthquake-east-of-san-jose-rattles-bay-area\">hit the hills east of San José late Tuesday morning\u003c/a>, rattling cities but ultimately inflicting little damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100,000 people reported receiving a warning before the shaking started, through California’s earthquake early warning system, according to the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, or Cal OES.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advance notice varied from two seconds for those very near the epicenter to 18 seconds for those in San Francisco,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake early warning alerts are publicly available throughout California, and can ideally buy people more time to protect themselves from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968352/android-phones-will-now-automatically-receive-california-earthquake-warnings\">announced in 2020\u003c/a> that all Android phones will automatically receive the warnings. iPhone users just need to download the free MyShake app to receive alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nDownload the MyShake app\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&hl=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Google Play\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/app/id1467058529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">iOS App Store\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MyShake FAQ\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/208826/dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system\">sluggish\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/208826/dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system\">progress\u003c/a> in developing the early warning system, Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled MyShake statewide in 2019, to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake, which ravaged the Bay Area on Oct. 17, 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, the state successfully \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1970388/california-tests-myshake-quake-warning-app-download-for-android-and-iphones\">tested\u003c/a> its \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert system\u003c/a>, sending alerts to 5 million people who had downloaded UC Berkeley’s MyShake app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phone app warns users to “drop, cover, and hold on” if they are likely to experience shaking intensity of at least three — out of a maximum 10 — in a magnitude 4.5 or higher earthquake. Level-three shaking intensity will be felt “quite noticeably by persons indoors, especially on upper floors of buildings,” according to USGS’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/modified-mercalli-intensity-scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS calculates that California has a 99.7% chance of being struck by at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system alerts people a few moments before a quake can be felt, so they can prepare. It uses numerous seismic stations to detect the start of an earthquake, and employs rapid communications to send the data to computers that instantly calculate the location, magnitude and intensity of shaking, sending out alerts to areas within the quake zone. The system, however, does not predict earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnings produced by the ShakeAlert system are also pushed through the same wireless notification system that issues Amber Alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story was originally published on Oct. 21, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Western Wildfires Are Making Faraway Storms More Dangerous",
"headTitle": "Western Wildfires Are Making Faraway Storms More Dangerous | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In late July of 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634489972/californias-carr-fire-30-percent-contained-as-new-blazes-erupt-elsewhere\">massive wildfires blazed\u003c/a> across Northern California. At the same time in Colorado, weather alerts went out warning of \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/gld/July292019SevereStorms\">heavy thunderstorms and baseball-sized hail\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two disasters were separated by a thousand miles, but scientists are now finding they’re connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive clouds of smoke and heat that rise out of Western wildfires are having far-reaching effects across the country, even beyond hazy skies. That summer, the smoke blew to the Central U.S., where it ran headlong into summertime thunderstorms that were already forming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collision made those storms even more extreme, boosting the rainfall and hail by more than 30 percent, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2207329119\">new study\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising to many people, probably,” says Jiwen Fan, Laboratory Fellow at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and an author of the study. “I really wanted to look at if there’s any connections between them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the effects of wildfires on weather patterns far downstream could help improve forecasts in those areas. In the Central U.S., extreme summer storms can pose a dangerous threat, often doing millions of dollars in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists are showing that things are really connected to each other,” says Danielle Touma, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who was not involved in the study. “And we can’t just think about where we live, but we have to think about what’s happening in other parts of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Smoke helps fuel extreme rainfall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While it may seem like raindrops simply pour out of clouds, those drops won’t form without a seed to get them started. Raindrops need microscopic particles, known as aerosols, which can be dust, soot, or even microbes, floating in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of people do not realize, before rain, you have to have the tiny particles,” Fan says. “They’re tiny particles you cannot see with the bare eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980495\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980495\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-800x484.jpg\" alt=\"Hail from Central U.S. summer thunderstorms can pose a serious danger and cause millions of dollars in damage.\" width=\"800\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-1020x617.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-768x465.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hail from Central U.S. summer thunderstorms can pose a serious danger and cause millions of dollars in damage. \u003ccite>(Sean Waugh/NOAA/NSSL, VORTEX II)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The particles give water something to condense onto, eventually getting heavy enough to fall to the ground. In 2018, as the Carr Fire and Mendocino Complex burned in California, massive amounts of particles floated east across the Rockies, where they collided with large thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More particles created the conditions for more raindrops, as well as hail, which occurs when powerful storms lift particles high into the cloud and water freezes on them. Running complex computer models, Fan and colleagues found that the Western wildfires boosted heavy rainfall in the storms by 34 percent and large hail by 38 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat released from wildfires also played a major role, since it can strengthen the winds that blow to the Central U.S.. Those winds picked up extra moisture on the way, providing more fuel for the thunderstorms and strengthening the intense dynamics inside the storms themselves. In the July 2018 storms, the winds in Colorado topped 100 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These kinds of things can cause hail damage or flooding, depending on where the precipitation is falling,” Sonia M. Kreidenweis, professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University. “If the Central U.S. wasn’t already set up to have a storm, it might not have the same kind of impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving weather forecasts for extreme storms\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Historically, the West’s fall fire season didn’t overlap much with the summer thunderstorm season in Central U.S. states. But with climate change creating drier, hotter conditions for wildfires, that overlap could become more common, since destructive wildfires are happening earlier in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding this long-range influence of wildfires could help improve weather forecasts, giving communities in the Central U.S. more accurate warnings when destructive hail and rain are on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they know that California or Oregon are having an above average wildfire season, they might want to be on the lookout for more severe storms coming their way,” Touma says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Western+wildfires+are+making+far+away+storms+more+dangerous+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In late July of 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634489972/californias-carr-fire-30-percent-contained-as-new-blazes-erupt-elsewhere\">massive wildfires blazed\u003c/a> across Northern California. At the same time in Colorado, weather alerts went out warning of \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/gld/July292019SevereStorms\">heavy thunderstorms and baseball-sized hail\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two disasters were separated by a thousand miles, but scientists are now finding they’re connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive clouds of smoke and heat that rise out of Western wildfires are having far-reaching effects across the country, even beyond hazy skies. That summer, the smoke blew to the Central U.S., where it ran headlong into summertime thunderstorms that were already forming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collision made those storms even more extreme, boosting the rainfall and hail by more than 30 percent, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2207329119\">new study\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising to many people, probably,” says Jiwen Fan, Laboratory Fellow at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and an author of the study. “I really wanted to look at if there’s any connections between them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the effects of wildfires on weather patterns far downstream could help improve forecasts in those areas. In the Central U.S., extreme summer storms can pose a dangerous threat, often doing millions of dollars in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists are showing that things are really connected to each other,” says Danielle Touma, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who was not involved in the study. “And we can’t just think about where we live, but we have to think about what’s happening in other parts of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Smoke helps fuel extreme rainfall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While it may seem like raindrops simply pour out of clouds, those drops won’t form without a seed to get them started. Raindrops need microscopic particles, known as aerosols, which can be dust, soot, or even microbes, floating in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of people do not realize, before rain, you have to have the tiny particles,” Fan says. “They’re tiny particles you cannot see with the bare eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980495\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980495\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-800x484.jpg\" alt=\"Hail from Central U.S. summer thunderstorms can pose a serious danger and cause millions of dollars in damage.\" width=\"800\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-1020x617.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079-768x465.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nssl031980818_custom-d5194ff1c8a63de4ec9f73a3d770941098bef079.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hail from Central U.S. summer thunderstorms can pose a serious danger and cause millions of dollars in damage. \u003ccite>(Sean Waugh/NOAA/NSSL, VORTEX II)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The particles give water something to condense onto, eventually getting heavy enough to fall to the ground. In 2018, as the Carr Fire and Mendocino Complex burned in California, massive amounts of particles floated east across the Rockies, where they collided with large thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More particles created the conditions for more raindrops, as well as hail, which occurs when powerful storms lift particles high into the cloud and water freezes on them. Running complex computer models, Fan and colleagues found that the Western wildfires boosted heavy rainfall in the storms by 34 percent and large hail by 38 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat released from wildfires also played a major role, since it can strengthen the winds that blow to the Central U.S.. Those winds picked up extra moisture on the way, providing more fuel for the thunderstorms and strengthening the intense dynamics inside the storms themselves. In the July 2018 storms, the winds in Colorado topped 100 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These kinds of things can cause hail damage or flooding, depending on where the precipitation is falling,” Sonia M. Kreidenweis, professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University. “If the Central U.S. wasn’t already set up to have a storm, it might not have the same kind of impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving weather forecasts for extreme storms\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Historically, the West’s fall fire season didn’t overlap much with the summer thunderstorm season in Central U.S. states. But with climate change creating drier, hotter conditions for wildfires, that overlap could become more common, since destructive wildfires are happening earlier in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding this long-range influence of wildfires could help improve weather forecasts, giving communities in the Central U.S. more accurate warnings when destructive hail and rain are on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they know that California or Oregon are having an above average wildfire season, they might want to be on the lookout for more severe storms coming their way,” Touma says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Western+wildfires+are+making+far+away+storms+more+dangerous+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hubble’s 1995 Image of a Star Nursery Was Amazing. Take a Look at NASA’s New Version",
"headTitle": "Hubble’s 1995 Image of a Star Nursery Was Amazing. Take a Look at NASA’s New Version | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 30 years ago, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captured the first image of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/01/403567453/pillars-of-creation-may-be-gone-in-an-eye-blink-in-cosmic-time\">the Pillars of Creation\u003c/a> — the iconic star nursery featuring thick pillars of gas and dust. Now, the new James Webb Space Telescope has captured NASA’s most detailed image of the landscape that is helping scientists better understand how stars form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png\" alt=\"The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1386\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-160x277.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-768x1330.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-887x1536.png 887w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498.png 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The James Webb telescope, billed as the successor to the aging Hubble, is\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/16/1036600340/nasa-is-launching-a-new-telescope-that-could-offer-some-cosmic-eye-candy\"> optimized to see near- and mid-infrared light\u003c/a> invisible to people, allowing it to peer through dust that can obscure stars and other objects in Hubble images. While James Webb’s infrared eyes were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">not able to pierce through\u003c/a> a mix of gas and dust in the Pillars of Creation, its new view will help scientists identify more precise counts of newly formed stars, and the amount of gas and dust in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stsci.edu/~pontoppi/#about\">Klaus Pontoppidan,\u003c/a> a project scientist working on the James Webb, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pontoppi/status/1582745751318253569\">wrote\u003c/a> on Twitter that the team wanted to capture the Pillars of Creation using the new space telescope after seeing popular demand for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nebula, M16, is located right in the plane of the Milky Way; there are just so many stars!” Pontoppidan wrote. “This image was taken in exactly the same way as the cosmic cliffs, and covers an area the same size on the sky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png\" alt=\"The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-768x432.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6.png 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astrokirsten.com.au/\">Kirsten Banks\u003c/a>, an astrophysicist and science communicator, praised James Webb for revisiting the Pillars of Creation and giving scientists more precise data to learn from about the formation of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are there obvious stars speckled in every nook and cranny of this image, but if you look closely at the tips of the pillars, you can see this fiery redness,” Banks said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AstroKirsten/status/1582884846526873601\">Twitter video\u003c/a>. “It looks like a volcano spitting lava.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The red spots at the edges of some pillars come from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">young stars\u003c/a>, estimated to be a few hundred thousand years old, that shoot out supersonic jets which excite surrounding hydrogen molecules and create the crimson glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before James Webb’s success, the telescope had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113707352/the-long-and-winding-journey-of-the-james-webb-space-telescope\">endure\u003c/a> more than 20 years of technical difficulties, cost overruns, delays, and threats from Congress to kill it altogether. Critics were skeptical of its large size, the Webb’s primary mirror boasting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-vs-webb-on-the-shoulders-of-a-giant\">six times more light collecting area\u003c/a> than that of the Hubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hubble%27s+1995+image+of+a+star+nursery+was+amazing.+Take+a+look+at+NASA%27s+new+version&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 30 years ago, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope captured the first image of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/01/403567453/pillars-of-creation-may-be-gone-in-an-eye-blink-in-cosmic-time\">the Pillars of Creation\u003c/a> — the iconic star nursery featuring thick pillars of gas and dust. Now, the new James Webb Space Telescope has captured NASA’s most detailed image of the landscape that is helping scientists better understand how stars form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980485\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png\" alt=\"The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1386\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-800x1386.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-160x277.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-768x1330.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498-887x1536.png 887w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-2022_custom-255de3fd5da118dd650c6c054a4a6774931aa498.png 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pillars of Creation as captured by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope look like arches and spires and are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust. This is a region where young stars are forming. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The James Webb telescope, billed as the successor to the aging Hubble, is\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/16/1036600340/nasa-is-launching-a-new-telescope-that-could-offer-some-cosmic-eye-candy\"> optimized to see near- and mid-infrared light\u003c/a> invisible to people, allowing it to peer through dust that can obscure stars and other objects in Hubble images. While James Webb’s infrared eyes were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">not able to pierce through\u003c/a> a mix of gas and dust in the Pillars of Creation, its new view will help scientists identify more precise counts of newly formed stars, and the amount of gas and dust in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stsci.edu/~pontoppi/#about\">Klaus Pontoppidan,\u003c/a> a project scientist working on the James Webb, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/pontoppi/status/1582745751318253569\">wrote\u003c/a> on Twitter that the team wanted to capture the Pillars of Creation using the new space telescope after seeing popular demand for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nebula, M16, is located right in the plane of the Milky Way; there are just so many stars!” Pontoppidan wrote. “This image was taken in exactly the same way as the cosmic cliffs, and covers an area the same size on the sky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980486\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png\" alt=\"The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6-768x432.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/nasa-compare_wide-66033c42a0761794025a2d285715a4d32e669dd6.png 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The left picture shows the Pillars of Creation as shot by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995. The right picture shows the landscape as shot by the James Webb telescope in 2022. \u003ccite>(NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astrokirsten.com.au/\">Kirsten Banks\u003c/a>, an astrophysicist and science communicator, praised James Webb for revisiting the Pillars of Creation and giving scientists more precise data to learn from about the formation of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are there obvious stars speckled in every nook and cranny of this image, but if you look closely at the tips of the pillars, you can see this fiery redness,” Banks said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AstroKirsten/status/1582884846526873601\">Twitter video\u003c/a>. “It looks like a volcano spitting lava.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The red spots at the edges of some pillars come from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-takes-star-filled-portrait-of-pillars-of-creation\">young stars\u003c/a>, estimated to be a few hundred thousand years old, that shoot out supersonic jets which excite surrounding hydrogen molecules and create the crimson glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before James Webb’s success, the telescope had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113707352/the-long-and-winding-journey-of-the-james-webb-space-telescope\">endure\u003c/a> more than 20 years of technical difficulties, cost overruns, delays, and threats from Congress to kill it altogether. Critics were skeptical of its large size, the Webb’s primary mirror boasting \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-vs-webb-on-the-shoulders-of-a-giant\">six times more light collecting area\u003c/a> than that of the Hubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hubble%27s+1995+image+of+a+star+nursery+was+amazing.+Take+a+look+at+NASA%27s+new+version&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Parasite is Cramping The Monarch Butterfly’s Style",
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"headTitle": "This Parasite is Cramping The Monarch Butterfly’s Style | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>Monarchs are locked in a battle with \u003cem>Ophryocystis elektroscirrha\u003c/em> (OE), a parasite that can trap a butterfly in its own chrysalis and deform its beautiful wings. Turns out there is a right way, and a *wrong* way, for you to help these butterflies in your backyard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s a magical moment in the life of a monarch butterfly — and a vulnerable one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its metamorphosis complete — it breaks free from its chrysalis and pumps fluid from its abdomen into its spectacular new wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some it’s a struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An old enemy, a parasite called \u003cem>Ophryocystis elektroscirrha\u003c/em>, known as OE, is making it harder for monarchs to undergo this crucial transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infection causes sticky sores on the abdomen, trapping the butterfly inside its own chrysalis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by trying to help monarchs, we humans might be making it worse\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each summer, monarchs make their homes in milkweed patches all over North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When infected females lay their eggs on the plant, they unknowingly drop microscopic OE spores onto the eggs and surrounding leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later the next generation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caterpillar goes to work, munching on the empty shell of its old egg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it’s on to the milkweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each bite, the caterpillar downs more and more of these microscopic, football-shaped spores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the caterpillar’s gut, the spores break open, releasing wormy-looking parasites that burrow out of the gut and into the caterpillars flesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the caterpillar transforms into a chrysalis …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parasite starts multiplying rapidly, stealing nutrients and taking up space where the monarch would normally grow skin and scales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s time to emerge, the weakened butterfly fights to free itself from the sticky chrysalis – attracting predators and exhausting itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some never escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others do, but with wings that are all crumpled and deformed … never fully extending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just bent and uneven, making it harder to fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Emory University in Atlanta take samples of monarch scales to hunt for OE under the microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://deroodelab.org/\">Jacobus de Roode\u003c/a> studies the relationship between monarchs and their OE parasite at Emory University in Atlanta\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See all those tiny black specs wedged in between the monarch’s scales?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are OE spores\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, this one’s infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But OE has been around a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s making it such a big problem now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, monarchs have lost much of their summertime milkweed habitat to agriculture and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every stage of their life cycle is connected to this family of unassuming plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of summer the local milkweed dies off and the monarchs head south for the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plant dies back, it takes the OE down with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in an effort to help monarchs, some of us plant tropical milkweed in our gardens, with its showy yellow and red flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tropical milkweed sticks around a lot later into the year than native milkweeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means more time for OE to build up on its leaves\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the tropical kind doesn’t die back with the rest of the milkweed, some monarchs don’t get the signal to start migrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They just hang out on the infested plants, missing their chance to hook up with all the other butterflies that spend their winters partying down south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s worse, they spread OE to healthy butterflies that pass through on their migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you wanna help the monarchs –- do ’em a solid!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cut back your tropical milkweed in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the next time you plant milkweed … make sure it’s a native kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all the problems that monarchs face, this is one small thing we can do to help.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Monarchs are locked in a battle with Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE), a parasite that can trap a butterfly in its own chrysalis and deform its beautiful wings. Turns out there is a right way, and a *wrong* way, for you to help these butterflies in your backyard.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cem>Monarchs are locked in a battle with \u003cem>Ophryocystis elektroscirrha\u003c/em> (OE), a parasite that can trap a butterfly in its own chrysalis and deform its beautiful wings. Turns out there is a right way, and a *wrong* way, for you to help these butterflies in your backyard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s a magical moment in the life of a monarch butterfly — and a vulnerable one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its metamorphosis complete — it breaks free from its chrysalis and pumps fluid from its abdomen into its spectacular new wings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some it’s a struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An old enemy, a parasite called \u003cem>Ophryocystis elektroscirrha\u003c/em>, known as OE, is making it harder for monarchs to undergo this crucial transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infection causes sticky sores on the abdomen, trapping the butterfly inside its own chrysalis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by trying to help monarchs, we humans might be making it worse\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each summer, monarchs make their homes in milkweed patches all over North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When infected females lay their eggs on the plant, they unknowingly drop microscopic OE spores onto the eggs and surrounding leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later the next generation begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caterpillar goes to work, munching on the empty shell of its old egg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it’s on to the milkweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With each bite, the caterpillar downs more and more of these microscopic, football-shaped spores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the caterpillar’s gut, the spores break open, releasing wormy-looking parasites that burrow out of the gut and into the caterpillars flesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the caterpillar transforms into a chrysalis …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parasite starts multiplying rapidly, stealing nutrients and taking up space where the monarch would normally grow skin and scales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s time to emerge, the weakened butterfly fights to free itself from the sticky chrysalis – attracting predators and exhausting itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some never escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others do, but with wings that are all crumpled and deformed … never fully extending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just bent and uneven, making it harder to fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Emory University in Atlanta take samples of monarch scales to hunt for OE under the microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://deroodelab.org/\">Jacobus de Roode\u003c/a> studies the relationship between monarchs and their OE parasite at Emory University in Atlanta\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See all those tiny black specs wedged in between the monarch’s scales?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are OE spores\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, this one’s infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But OE has been around a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s making it such a big problem now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, monarchs have lost much of their summertime milkweed habitat to agriculture and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every stage of their life cycle is connected to this family of unassuming plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of summer the local milkweed dies off and the monarchs head south for the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plant dies back, it takes the OE down with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in an effort to help monarchs, some of us plant tropical milkweed in our gardens, with its showy yellow and red flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tropical milkweed sticks around a lot later into the year than native milkweeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means more time for OE to build up on its leaves\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the tropical kind doesn’t die back with the rest of the milkweed, some monarchs don’t get the signal to start migrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They just hang out on the infested plants, missing their chance to hook up with all the other butterflies that spend their winters partying down south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s worse, they spread OE to healthy butterflies that pass through on their migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you wanna help the monarchs –- do ’em a solid!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cut back your tropical milkweed in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the next time you plant milkweed … make sure it’s a native kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all the problems that monarchs face, this is one small thing we can do to help.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Alaska’s Fat Bear Week Election, There’s No Party Like a Salmon Party",
"headTitle": "In Alaska’s Fat Bear Week Election, There’s No Party Like a Salmon Party | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In many ways, it’s a model election. The campaign runs for only one week, and all the candidates are well-grounded and devoid of hypocrisy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, all the candidates are enthusiastically out for themselves — because they are bears, after all, embracing the ursine urge to eat like there’s no tomorrow and fortify themselves for winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week officially starts on Wednesday, celebrating the hard work bears do to survive, and giving all the rest of us a reason to gawk at massive animals and spawning salmon in their home in Katmai National Park in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Fat Bear Week works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 12 brown bears are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/fat-bear-week-2022.htm\">placed into a bracket\u003c/a>, where voters decide who should advance from each matchup. Voting opens each day at 12 p.m. ET, running from Oct. 5 through Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest highlights the amazing transformation bears must make after they emerge from hibernation, emaciated and hungry. From the middle of summer to the fall, an average male adult can go from weighing 600-900 pounds to well over 1,000 pounds, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/photosmultimedia/brown-bear-frequently-asked-questions.htm#13\">Katmai website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980438\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png\" alt=\"Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service)\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1020x792.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-768x596.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1536x1192.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-2048x1589.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1920x1490.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service) \u003ccite>(National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Contestants are tracked by their numbers, but veteran animals are known by names like the large male Chunk, or the blond-eared female Holly. Then there’s 747 — who doesn’t need a nickname because his number and size both echo the famous jumbo jet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s defending champ, Otis, also won the first Fat Bear contest eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fans often follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to extract sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It helps to be a big bear with a big personality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the competition favors girth, bears often become sentimental favorites, thanks to personal stories experts have gleaned from years of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Holly, aka 435, who has guided several cubs on difficult paths to becoming successful adults — including 503, whom she adopted after he was left alone as a yearling cub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980439\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980439\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \u003ccite>(E. Johnston/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A bachelorette’s life this summer afforded her the opportunity to concentrate on her own needs,” according to the Fat Bear Week site at \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">Explore.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female adult brown bears usually weigh about a third less than males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need bear analysis, park staff and naturalist Mike Fitz of Explore.org recently discussed the 2022 field \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caElTmCqM6Q&t=1379s\">in a video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who you got in 2022?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fat Bear Week Bracket Reveal | Brooks Live Chat\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/caElTmCqM6Q?start=1380&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While incumbents often enjoy an advantage, insurgent newcomers add spice to this year’s mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the youngest bears in the bracket is a female subadult dubbed 335, who is Holly’s daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subadults are essentially the teenagers of the bear world,” from around 2 and a half to 5 years old, Katmai Park Ranger Lian Law said, describing how they’re blocked from the best fishing spots and learn to live away from their mothers for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that narrative suggests, the bears’ backstories are a great way for the park to educate the public about the wide range of bear behaviors, from their fishing and survival strategies to how they interact with other animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Alaska%27s+Fat+Bear+Week+election%2C+there%27s+no+party+like+a+salmon+party+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If hypocrisy in politics turns you off, the election you need is in Alaska, where the candidates are voraciously out for themselves. You can vote beginning Wednesday.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In many ways, it’s a model election. The campaign runs for only one week, and all the candidates are well-grounded and devoid of hypocrisy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, all the candidates are enthusiastically out for themselves — because they are bears, after all, embracing the ursine urge to eat like there’s no tomorrow and fortify themselves for winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week officially starts on Wednesday, celebrating the hard work bears do to survive, and giving all the rest of us a reason to gawk at massive animals and spawning salmon in their home in Katmai National Park in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Fat Bear Week works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 12 brown bears are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/fat-bear-week-2022.htm\">placed into a bracket\u003c/a>, where voters decide who should advance from each matchup. Voting opens each day at 12 p.m. ET, running from Oct. 5 through Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest highlights the amazing transformation bears must make after they emerge from hibernation, emaciated and hungry. From the middle of summer to the fall, an average male adult can go from weighing 600-900 pounds to well over 1,000 pounds, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/photosmultimedia/brown-bear-frequently-asked-questions.htm#13\">Katmai website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980438\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png\" alt=\"Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service)\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1020x792.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-768x596.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1536x1192.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-2048x1589.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1920x1490.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service) \u003ccite>(National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Contestants are tracked by their numbers, but veteran animals are known by names like the large male Chunk, or the blond-eared female Holly. Then there’s 747 — who doesn’t need a nickname because his number and size both echo the famous jumbo jet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s defending champ, Otis, also won the first Fat Bear contest eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fans often follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to extract sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It helps to be a big bear with a big personality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the competition favors girth, bears often become sentimental favorites, thanks to personal stories experts have gleaned from years of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Holly, aka 435, who has guided several cubs on difficult paths to becoming successful adults — including 503, whom she adopted after he was left alone as a yearling cub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980439\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980439\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \u003ccite>(E. Johnston/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A bachelorette’s life this summer afforded her the opportunity to concentrate on her own needs,” according to the Fat Bear Week site at \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">Explore.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female adult brown bears usually weigh about a third less than males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need bear analysis, park staff and naturalist Mike Fitz of Explore.org recently discussed the 2022 field \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caElTmCqM6Q&t=1379s\">in a video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who you got in 2022?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fat Bear Week Bracket Reveal | Brooks Live Chat\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/caElTmCqM6Q?start=1380&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While incumbents often enjoy an advantage, insurgent newcomers add spice to this year’s mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the youngest bears in the bracket is a female subadult dubbed 335, who is Holly’s daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subadults are essentially the teenagers of the bear world,” from around 2 and a half to 5 years old, Katmai Park Ranger Lian Law said, describing how they’re blocked from the best fishing spots and learn to live away from their mothers for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that narrative suggests, the bears’ backstories are a great way for the park to educate the public about the wide range of bear behaviors, from their fishing and survival strategies to how they interact with other animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Alaska%27s+Fat+Bear+Week+election%2C+there%27s+no+party+like+a+salmon+party+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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