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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>During hurricane season, as floodwater flows into their nest, red fire ants build a terrifying raft – out of their own interlocking bodies. If you wade into this ant raft nightmare, you’ll likely get a vicious bite and sting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This soft mound of dirt is home to some tough insects: red fire ants. They’re all over the southern U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you get too close, you will regret it. They clamp onto you with their huge jaws. And then they sting. Over and over. Rude. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They inject nasty venom that burns and causes itchy welts to pop up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you think they’re scary on land, you’re gonna absolutely hate ’em during a flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, red fire ants can be found in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties and in the Central Valley. Learn \u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7487.html#:~:text=The%20red%20imported%20fire%20ant,lesser%20extent%2C%20San%20Diego%20counties.\">how to manage them\u003c/a> from the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re stung you’ll want to wash the area with soap and water. Get more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/RedImportedFireAnts.aspx\">treatment tips\u003c/a> from the California Department of Public Health.\u003cbr>\n[/pullquote] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine wading into one of these. This floating nightmare is made out of thousands of fire ants. They’ve escaped their flooded nest by making a raft from their own bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how they pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As flood water trickles into the tunnels below their mound, fire ants start a rescue mission. They evacuate the colony’s babies – these larvae and pupae – to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers at Louisiana State University found that instead of putting the babies on the top of the raft, where it’s dry, they put them on the bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen, these ants have their reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the halo of hairs on these larvae? If you look at the raft from below you’ll see how those hairs trap air bubbles and hold the larvae together in clusters, you know, like giant floaties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those same bubbles help everyone breathe through tiny holes on the sides of their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And hey, don’t feel bad for these ants with their heads dunked underwater. They’ll get their turn on top of the raft eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers grab onto each other by the tips of their legs, called tarsi. Some of them hold onto the larvae, too, and lock legs … like ant scaffolding. And then they’re ready to set sail, wherever the water may take them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ants make these rafts really quickly. Check out this experiment. A researcher at Georgia Tech drops a ball of fire ants into the water. It only takes them two minutes to assemble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This ability has helped red fire ants spread across the world from South America, where they evolved along the rivers’ edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafts can stay afloat for almost two weeks. They survive on food they brought in their bellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the whole colony to protect, workers are extra defensive. They sting with more venom than usual. Not a good time to run into them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the water recedes, they’ll dig a new nest … and live their best fire ant life, eating whatever crosses their path and stocking up for their next getaway.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "During hurricane season, residents of impacted states sometimes have the added misfortune of wading into large groups of floating red fire ants. Those ants are ready to sting and inject a nasty venom. Here’s how they made their raft.",
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"title": "Fire Ants Turn Into a Stinging Life Raft to Survive Floods | KQED",
"description": "During hurricane season, residents of impacted states sometimes have the added misfortune of wading into large groups of floating red fire ants. Those ants are ready to sting and inject a nasty venom. Here’s how they made their raft.",
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"headline": "Fire Ants Turn Into a Stinging Life Raft to Survive Floods",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cem>During hurricane season, as floodwater flows into their nest, red fire ants build a terrifying raft – out of their own interlocking bodies. If you wade into this ant raft nightmare, you’ll likely get a vicious bite and sting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This soft mound of dirt is home to some tough insects: red fire ants. They’re all over the southern U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you get too close, you will regret it. They clamp onto you with their huge jaws. And then they sting. Over and over. Rude. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They inject nasty venom that burns and causes itchy welts to pop up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you think they’re scary on land, you’re gonna absolutely hate ’em during a flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, red fire ants can be found in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino and San Diego counties and in the Central Valley. Learn \u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7487.html#:~:text=The%20red%20imported%20fire%20ant,lesser%20extent%2C%20San%20Diego%20counties.\">how to manage them\u003c/a> from the UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re stung you’ll want to wash the area with soap and water. Get more \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/RedImportedFireAnts.aspx\">treatment tips\u003c/a> from the California Department of Public Health.\u003cbr>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine wading into one of these. This floating nightmare is made out of thousands of fire ants. They’ve escaped their flooded nest by making a raft from their own bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how they pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As flood water trickles into the tunnels below their mound, fire ants start a rescue mission. They evacuate the colony’s babies – these larvae and pupae – to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers at Louisiana State University found that instead of putting the babies on the top of the raft, where it’s dry, they put them on the bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen, these ants have their reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the halo of hairs on these larvae? If you look at the raft from below you’ll see how those hairs trap air bubbles and hold the larvae together in clusters, you know, like giant floaties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those same bubbles help everyone breathe through tiny holes on the sides of their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And hey, don’t feel bad for these ants with their heads dunked underwater. They’ll get their turn on top of the raft eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers grab onto each other by the tips of their legs, called tarsi. Some of them hold onto the larvae, too, and lock legs … like ant scaffolding. And then they’re ready to set sail, wherever the water may take them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ants make these rafts really quickly. Check out this experiment. A researcher at Georgia Tech drops a ball of fire ants into the water. It only takes them two minutes to assemble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This ability has helped red fire ants spread across the world from South America, where they evolved along the rivers’ edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafts can stay afloat for almost two weeks. They survive on food they brought in their bellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the whole colony to protect, workers are extra defensive. They sting with more venom than usual. Not a good time to run into them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the water recedes, they’ll dig a new nest … and live their best fire ant life, eating whatever crosses their path and stocking up for their next getaway.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NASA's DART Spacecraft Will Give Scientists a Crash Course in Protecting the Earth",
"headTitle": "NASA’s DART Spacecraft Will Give Scientists a Crash Course in Protecting the Earth | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does crashing a spacecraft into a distant asteroid prevent global catastrophe on Earth? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re about to find out.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On September 26, NASA’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://dart.jhuapl.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Double Asteroid Redirection Test\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spacecraft, or DART, will make its final approach to a pair of asteroids, a half-mile-wide mountain of rock named\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/didymos/in-depth/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Didymos\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and its moonlet Dimorphos, targeting the smaller space rock for a 15,000-mile-per-hour collision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The high-speed impact of the 1,260-pound spacecraft will nudge Dimorphos slightly, altering its orbit around Didymos enough to be observed by telescopes here on Earth. The effects of the collision will give scientists insight into how we might deflect a future Earth-bound asteroid and avert a disastrous collision with our planet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1497\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-800x468.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-1020x596.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-768x449.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-1536x898.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-2048x1197.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-1920x1122.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of the binary asteroid system of Didymos and Dimorphos and the anticipated result of the collision by NASA’s DART spacecraft. The small ‘cubesat’ LICIACube will observe the impact and send images of the resulting blast back to Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/DART)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DART launched last November aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be clear, Didymos and Dimorphos are \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">not\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on a collision course with Earth. At the time of DART’s arrival, the pair will be at their closest approach, a safe 6.7 million miles — or 28 times farther than the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Targeting a double asteroid\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Didymos and Dimorphos are a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Hera/Binary_asteroids_key_to_Earth_s_planetary_defence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> binary asteroid\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> system, gravitationally bound to each other as they orbit the sun — a situation that\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/dart-sets-sights-on-asteroid-target\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> NASA is taking advantage of\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for this test.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By giving a shove to the smaller Dimorphos, the tiny change in the moonlet’s orbit around its larger companion will be relatively easy to observe, compared to the far greater challenge of measuring the deviation in a solitary asteroid’s orbit around the sun. This is why a binary system was chosen as the target for the DART mission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At 535 feet across, Dimorphos is still about the size of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/giza-pyramids\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Great Pyramid of Giza\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — so it might seem like a collision with a minuscule, 4-foot cube like DART would have little effect on it. But DART’s punch is in its speed, not its size.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hurtling into the asteroid eight times faster than a bullet, DART will impart a punch of kinetic energy that should knock Dimorphos slightly closer to Didymos, thus decreasing the period of its orbit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dimorphos circles its larger companion once about every 12 hours. Scientists anticipate that DART will change the orbital period by a few minutes, which telescopes on Earth will be able to measure with precision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Planetary protection\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DART’s mission is to test the idea of altering the course of an asteroid bound for a collision with Earth, thus preventing a disaster of potentially global proportions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But how can a tiny deviation in the path of a cosmic juggernaut make a difference if the goal is to make it miss an entire planet?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The answer is: time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slapping a barreling bowling ball with a flyswatter probably won’t change whether it hits any bowling pins — but imagine if the bowling lane were 10 times longer than in a regulation alley. Then, even a tiny deviation in the ball’s path, if applied early enough, might grow to make the difference between a strike and a gutter ball.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980320\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 827px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980320\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"827\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA.png 827w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA-800x665.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA-160x133.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA-768x638.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A series of radar images of the asteroid Didymos and its satellite Dimorphos, captured by the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. \u003ccite>(Arecibo Observatory/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With advance warning of an impending asteroid collision, there can be time to mount a DART-like mission and give the incoming doomsday rock enough of a swat to miss the Earth when it finally arrives. Even a slight course correction can grow to hundreds or thousands of miles given enough time — a change that can make all the difference.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NASA and other observers are constantly on the lookout for\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> potentially hazardous asteroids and comets\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and have discovered and track the motions of\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-list\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> thousands of near-Earth objects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vigilance and advance planning are the keys to protecting our planet from major asteroid impacts, and the DART mission is a first step in figuring out how to avoid disaster once we see it coming.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lessons from the past\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earth has been the recipient of numerous impacts by asteroids and comets in the past, many of them small, though some large enough to cause global devastation. The asteroid that scientists suspect led to the extinction of the dinosaurs was around 6 miles across and\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kring/Chicxulub/regional-effects/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> struck the northern end of the Yucatan peninsula\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> over 65 million years ago.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collisions by asteroids of that size are extremely rare, occurring on average every hundred million years, but\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.planetary.org/notable-asteroid-impacts-in-earths-history\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> impacts by smaller asteroids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> happen more often — the smaller the object, the more frequent the collision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>DART and LICIACube\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though DART’s terminal encounter with Dimorphos may seem a lonely end for a deep space robot, DART will not be alone at its demise. Like Didymos and its small moonlet companion, DART is accompanied by its own partner, a tiny “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cubesat.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cubesat\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” named\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asi.it/en/planets-stars-universe/solar-system-and-beyond/liciacube/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> LICIACube\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 985px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"985\" height=\"657\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft.jpg 985w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LICIACube, the small ‘cubesat’ accompanying NASA’s DART spacecraft on its collision course with the asteroid Dimorphos. Built by the Italian Space Agency, LICIACube will observe DART’s impact with Dimorphos and send the images back to Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Ed Whitman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Built by the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asi.it/en/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Italian Space Agency\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, LICIACube piggybacked on the DART spacecraft for most of its journey, and on September 11 was released to a separate destiny.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">LICIACube will spend the time all the way to the September 26 collision event gaining distance from DART and taking pictures of the asteroids as they approach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then, when DART strikes Dimorphos, it will snap pictures of the collision and the cloud of material blasted from the impact, sending the images back to Earth for scientists to study. The observations will tell us more about the structure and composition of Dimorphos to inform future asteroid-swatting missions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On September 26, NASA's DART spacecraft will collide with a small asteroid, testing the idea of deflecting future Earth-impacting asteroids. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does crashing a spacecraft into a distant asteroid prevent global catastrophe on Earth? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re about to find out.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On September 26, NASA’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://dart.jhuapl.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Double Asteroid Redirection Test\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spacecraft, or DART, will make its final approach to a pair of asteroids, a half-mile-wide mountain of rock named\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/didymos/in-depth/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Didymos\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and its moonlet Dimorphos, targeting the smaller space rock for a 15,000-mile-per-hour collision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The high-speed impact of the 1,260-pound spacecraft will nudge Dimorphos slightly, altering its orbit around Didymos enough to be observed by telescopes here on Earth. The effects of the collision will give scientists insight into how we might deflect a future Earth-bound asteroid and avert a disastrous collision with our planet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1497\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-800x468.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-1020x596.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-768x449.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-1536x898.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-2048x1197.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/didymos-dimorphos-DART-NASA-1920x1122.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of the binary asteroid system of Didymos and Dimorphos and the anticipated result of the collision by NASA’s DART spacecraft. The small ‘cubesat’ LICIACube will observe the impact and send images of the resulting blast back to Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/DART)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DART launched last November aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Vandenberg Space Force Base in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be clear, Didymos and Dimorphos are \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">not\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on a collision course with Earth. At the time of DART’s arrival, the pair will be at their closest approach, a safe 6.7 million miles — or 28 times farther than the moon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Targeting a double asteroid\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Didymos and Dimorphos are a\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Hera/Binary_asteroids_key_to_Earth_s_planetary_defence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> binary asteroid\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> system, gravitationally bound to each other as they orbit the sun — a situation that\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/dart-sets-sights-on-asteroid-target\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> NASA is taking advantage of\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for this test.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By giving a shove to the smaller Dimorphos, the tiny change in the moonlet’s orbit around its larger companion will be relatively easy to observe, compared to the far greater challenge of measuring the deviation in a solitary asteroid’s orbit around the sun. This is why a binary system was chosen as the target for the DART mission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At 535 feet across, Dimorphos is still about the size of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/giza-pyramids\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Great Pyramid of Giza\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — so it might seem like a collision with a minuscule, 4-foot cube like DART would have little effect on it. But DART’s punch is in its speed, not its size.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hurtling into the asteroid eight times faster than a bullet, DART will impart a punch of kinetic energy that should knock Dimorphos slightly closer to Didymos, thus decreasing the period of its orbit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dimorphos circles its larger companion once about every 12 hours. Scientists anticipate that DART will change the orbital period by a few minutes, which telescopes on Earth will be able to measure with precision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Planetary protection\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DART’s mission is to test the idea of altering the course of an asteroid bound for a collision with Earth, thus preventing a disaster of potentially global proportions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But how can a tiny deviation in the path of a cosmic juggernaut make a difference if the goal is to make it miss an entire planet?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The answer is: time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Slapping a barreling bowling ball with a flyswatter probably won’t change whether it hits any bowling pins — but imagine if the bowling lane were 10 times longer than in a regulation alley. Then, even a tiny deviation in the ball’s path, if applied early enough, might grow to make the difference between a strike and a gutter ball.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980320\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 827px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980320\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"827\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA.png 827w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA-800x665.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA-160x133.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/Didymos-Arecibo-radar-images-Arecibo-Observatory-NASA-768x638.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A series of radar images of the asteroid Didymos and its satellite Dimorphos, captured by the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. \u003ccite>(Arecibo Observatory/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With advance warning of an impending asteroid collision, there can be time to mount a DART-like mission and give the incoming doomsday rock enough of a swat to miss the Earth when it finally arrives. Even a slight course correction can grow to hundreds or thousands of miles given enough time — a change that can make all the difference.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NASA and other observers are constantly on the lookout for\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> potentially hazardous asteroids and comets\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and have discovered and track the motions of\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-list\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> thousands of near-Earth objects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vigilance and advance planning are the keys to protecting our planet from major asteroid impacts, and the DART mission is a first step in figuring out how to avoid disaster once we see it coming.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lessons from the past\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earth has been the recipient of numerous impacts by asteroids and comets in the past, many of them small, though some large enough to cause global devastation. The asteroid that scientists suspect led to the extinction of the dinosaurs was around 6 miles across and\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kring/Chicxulub/regional-effects/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> struck the northern end of the Yucatan peninsula\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> over 65 million years ago.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collisions by asteroids of that size are extremely rare, occurring on average every hundred million years, but\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.planetary.org/notable-asteroid-impacts-in-earths-history\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> impacts by smaller asteroids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> happen more often — the smaller the object, the more frequent the collision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>DART and LICIACube\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though DART’s terminal encounter with Dimorphos may seem a lonely end for a deep space robot, DART will not be alone at its demise. Like Didymos and its small moonlet companion, DART is accompanied by its own partner, a tiny “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cubesat.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cubesat\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">” named\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asi.it/en/planets-stars-universe/solar-system-and-beyond/liciacube/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> LICIACube\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 985px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"985\" height=\"657\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft.jpg 985w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/LICIACube_CubeSat_a_companion_satellite_of_Dart_Spacecraft-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LICIACube, the small ‘cubesat’ accompanying NASA’s DART spacecraft on its collision course with the asteroid Dimorphos. Built by the Italian Space Agency, LICIACube will observe DART’s impact with Dimorphos and send the images back to Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Ed Whitman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Built by the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asi.it/en/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Italian Space Agency\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, LICIACube piggybacked on the DART spacecraft for most of its journey, and on September 11 was released to a separate destiny.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">LICIACube will spend the time all the way to the September 26 collision event gaining distance from DART and taking pictures of the asteroids as they approach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then, when DART strikes Dimorphos, it will snap pictures of the collision and the cloud of material blasted from the impact, sending the images back to Earth for scientists to study. The observations will tell us more about the structure and composition of Dimorphos to inform future asteroid-swatting missions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Tired of Saturn's Rings? Check Out NASA's Latest Image of the Bands Around Neptune",
"headTitle": "Tired of Saturn’s Rings? Check Out NASA’s Latest Image of the Bands Around Neptune | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope has wowed astronomers and everyday people alike with its stunning images of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/07/12/1111002820/webb-telescope-images-nasa\">distant galaxies\u003c/a> and Earth’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/23/1118959461/jupiter-james-webb-telescope-photos-nasa\">nearby neighbors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the $10 billion deep space telescope has brought what NASA calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">the clearest image of Neptune’s rings\u003c/a> seen in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope delivered an image of the ice giant Neptune as well as seven of 14 of the known moons orbiting the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">NASA said\u003c/a>. The picture also shows faint dust bands around the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been three decades since we last saw these faint, dusty rings, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in the infrared,” said Heidi Hammel, a Neptune system expert and interdisciplinary scientist for the Webb project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammel \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! “O M G – LOOK AT THE RINGS” I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Not gonna lie. I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! \"O M G - LOOK AT THE RINGS\" I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look. More than 20 years in the making, and JWST delivered. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\">https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qPtiW2hyFm\">pic.twitter.com/qPtiW2hyFm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr Heidi B. Hammel (@hbhammel) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 21, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Neptune typically appears blue, attributed to methane in the atmosphere, but pictures from Webb’s infrared camera show the planet whiter in color. The new photo shows thin lines of beautiful light around Neptune, which NASA says are high-altitude methane-ice clouds reflecting sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980389\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980389\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg\" alt=\"This picture of Neptune was taken by Voyager 2 less than five days before the probe's closest approach of the planet on Aug. 25, 1989. The picture shows the "Great Dark Spot" — a storm in Neptune's atmosphere — and the bright, light-blue smudge of clouds that accompanies the storm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neptune typically appears blue in photographs due to methane gas in the atmosphere. This image of the ice giant was taken in 1989 by the Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to travel to the planet. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Neptune’s moons, Triton, can also be seen in the photo. But, because of diffraction spikes in the image, one could easily mistake it for a distant star. Triton’s surface is covered in frozen, condensed nitrogen, which reflects an average of 70% of the sun’s rays, NASA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the rings is the crispest seen since 1989, when NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images-voyager-took/neptune/\">Voyager 2\u003c/a> became the first spacecraft to cruise by Neptune, located approximately 2.8 billion miles from Earth — more than 30 times the distance from Earth to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neptune is the most distant planet in our solar system (Pluto was demoted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/13/421840110/planet-or-not-icy-pluto-to-finally-get-its-day-in-the-sun\">a dwarf planet\u003c/a> in 2006), taking 165 Earth years to complete its orbit. Interestingly, a day on Neptune is only 16 hours long, according to \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/overview/\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tired+of+Saturn%27s+rings%3F+Check+out+NASA%27s+latest+image+of+the+bands+around+Neptune&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope has wowed astronomers and everyday people alike with its stunning images of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/07/12/1111002820/webb-telescope-images-nasa\">distant galaxies\u003c/a> and Earth’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/23/1118959461/jupiter-james-webb-telescope-photos-nasa\">nearby neighbors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the $10 billion deep space telescope has brought what NASA calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">the clearest image of Neptune’s rings\u003c/a> seen in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telescope delivered an image of the ice giant Neptune as well as seven of 14 of the known moons orbiting the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/new-webb-image-captures-clearest-view-of-neptune-s-rings-in-decades\">NASA said\u003c/a>. The picture also shows faint dust bands around the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been three decades since we last saw these faint, dusty rings, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in the infrared,” said Heidi Hammel, a Neptune system expert and interdisciplinary scientist for the Webb project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammel \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! “O M G – LOOK AT THE RINGS” I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-lang=\"en\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Not gonna lie. I ugy-cried when I saw THE FIRST JWST NEPTUNE IMAGES! \"O M G - LOOK AT THE RINGS\" I was yelling, making my kids, my mom, even my cats look. More than 20 years in the making, and JWST delivered. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\">https://t.co/48bxjAlztC\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qPtiW2hyFm\">pic.twitter.com/qPtiW2hyFm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dr Heidi B. Hammel (@hbhammel) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hbhammel/status/1572575649231171584?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 21, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Neptune typically appears blue, attributed to methane in the atmosphere, but pictures from Webb’s infrared camera show the planet whiter in color. The new photo shows thin lines of beautiful light around Neptune, which NASA says are high-altitude methane-ice clouds reflecting sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980389\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980389\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg\" alt=\"This picture of Neptune was taken by Voyager 2 less than five days before the probe's closest approach of the planet on Aug. 25, 1989. The picture shows the "Great Dark Spot" — a storm in Neptune's atmosphere — and the bright, light-blue smudge of clouds that accompanies the storm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS58807_pia01492-main-qut.jpg 985w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neptune typically appears blue in photographs due to methane gas in the atmosphere. This image of the ice giant was taken in 1989 by the Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to travel to the planet. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Neptune’s moons, Triton, can also be seen in the photo. But, because of diffraction spikes in the image, one could easily mistake it for a distant star. Triton’s surface is covered in frozen, condensed nitrogen, which reflects an average of 70% of the sun’s rays, NASA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the rings is the crispest seen since 1989, when NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images-voyager-took/neptune/\">Voyager 2\u003c/a> became the first spacecraft to cruise by Neptune, located approximately 2.8 billion miles from Earth — more than 30 times the distance from Earth to the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neptune is the most distant planet in our solar system (Pluto was demoted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/13/421840110/planet-or-not-icy-pluto-to-finally-get-its-day-in-the-sun\">a dwarf planet\u003c/a> in 2006), taking 165 Earth years to complete its orbit. Interestingly, a day on Neptune is only 16 hours long, according to \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/overview/\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tired+of+Saturn%27s+rings%3F+Check+out+NASA%27s+latest+image+of+the+bands+around+Neptune&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF Supervisors Unhappy With City's Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise",
"headTitle": "SF Supervisors Unhappy With City’s Lack of Action to Protect Bayview-Hunters Point Residents From Toxic Sea Level Rise | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A committee of San Francisco supervisors Thursday challenged Mayor London Breed’s assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Government Audit and Oversight Committee reviewed a June report from the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury that \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confirmed what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have been saying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: The city is not acting fast enough on how sea level rise could surface legacy toxic contamination and spread it in neighborhoods near the Cold War-era naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Supervisor Dean Preston']‘Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them. I don’t think that’s a good place to be.’[/pullquote]The former Navy shipyard, located on the city’s southeast shoreline, is an 866-acre federal Superfund site, meaning it’s a location the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Along this bayshore edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, where radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil, lies one of the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee members Dean Preston and Connie Chan and Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton all but chastised Mayor Breed, who did not attend the meeting, for not supporting the jury’s findings. In August, the mayor issued a letter saying \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">she disagrees partially or wholly with the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them,” Preston said. “I don’t think that’s a good place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1979614,science_1980255']He said that doesn’t mean the city has to agree to all of the jury’s recommendations, but said the issue is serious, and that the mayor’s response is “unusual” and “hopefully that can be revisited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Civil Grand Jury found the city, the U.S. Navy and the regulators overseeing the Hunters Point Superfund site have not adequately accounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors recommended the city pay for an independent study about how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site, using multiple sea level rise scenarios. Their report also recommended convening a permanent Hunters Point Shipyard Cleanup Oversight Committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara Miles, a member of the civil grand jury, told the supervisors there are many minds across city departments thinking about groundwater rise as a result of climate change; it’s just that “Hunters Point is artificially excluded from their oversight or their participation in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1979658']She said the city needs additional staff across all departments if it intends to focus on how groundwater rise could affect Bayview-Hunters Point or other neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned that they may miss other similar problems because there aren’t enough of them, and they don’t have a range of expertise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee invited all the regulatory agencies overseeing the Superfund site — the Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board — to the meeting, but none of their representatives attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Navy declined to show up today,” Walton said. “They sent a letter rather than show up for the people of this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Philip, health officer for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, did show up. And the supervisors grilled her with questions. Does she feel the department has the opportunity to increase staffing to monitor groundwater rise? How involved is her department in the Navy’s process? What actions had her department taken to analyze concerns around sea level rise prior to the jury’s report?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip told the supervisors the agency has a dedicated staff person, but with the scale of the issue, Walton told her more are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that the least the department can do is probably put some resources together to have more eyes on the monitoring of additional science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in the Bayview sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When asked how much control Philip’s department has over the cleanup, she responded by saying the agency does not have regulatory power over the shipyard but will offer recommendations and comments when allowed, like during the five-year review of the Navy cleanup in the spring of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the Civil Grand Jury’s message that public information about the toxic sites is difficult to find and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unintelligible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Phillip said that, with the upcoming five-year review by the Navy, her goal is “make it as understandable as possible” for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site and will ensure that takes place before the land can be redeveloped into housing or businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members pleaded with the supervisors to take action. Arieann Harrison with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation said independent testing has found that residents, including herself, already have high levels of contaminants such as uranium in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marcy Adelman, a psychologist and a resident of District 10, asked the board to develop recommendations that will support community health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a precipice here, and if we don’t act, it will be too late,” she said. “The city has to get in the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the committee, the Navy says it disagrees with the jury report and has accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise. Officials wrote the Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering.” Officials also wrote the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Connie Chan asked the deputy city attorney to explore whether the supervisors can subpoena the parties if the Navy and other regulatory agencies decide not to attend future meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors will release recommendations for the city at a Sept. 29 meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site has been partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Navy is continuing the cleanup, preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A committee of San Francisco supervisors Thursday challenged Mayor London Breed’s assertion that the city understands the risk of climate change-related flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the Government Audit and Oversight Committee reviewed a June report from the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury that \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confirmed what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have been saying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: The city is not acting fast enough on how sea level rise could surface legacy toxic contamination and spread it in neighborhoods near the Cold War-era naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them. I don’t think that’s a good place to be.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The former Navy shipyard, located on the city’s southeast shoreline, is an 866-acre federal Superfund site, meaning it’s a location the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Along this bayshore edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, where radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil, lies one of the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee members Dean Preston and Connie Chan and Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton all but chastised Mayor Breed, who did not attend the meeting, for not supporting the jury’s findings. In August, the mayor issued a letter saying \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">she disagrees partially or wholly with the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven recommendations from the Civil Grand Jury. Seven responses from the mayor’s office that the city will not implement them,” Preston said. “I don’t think that’s a good place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He said that doesn’t mean the city has to agree to all of the jury’s recommendations, but said the issue is serious, and that the mayor’s response is “unusual” and “hopefully that can be revisited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Civil Grand Jury found the city, the U.S. Navy and the regulators overseeing the Hunters Point Superfund site have not adequately accounted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979645/see-a-map-of-hazardous-sites-at-risk-from-rising-seas\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to it\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors recommended the city pay for an independent study about how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site, using multiple sea level rise scenarios. Their report also recommended convening a permanent Hunters Point Shipyard Cleanup Oversight Committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sara Miles, a member of the civil grand jury, told the supervisors there are many minds across city departments thinking about groundwater rise as a result of climate change; it’s just that “Hunters Point is artificially excluded from their oversight or their participation in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She said the city needs additional staff across all departments if it intends to focus on how groundwater rise could affect Bayview-Hunters Point or other neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re concerned that they may miss other similar problems because there aren’t enough of them, and they don’t have a range of expertise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee invited all the regulatory agencies overseeing the Superfund site — the Navy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board — to the meeting, but none of their representatives attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. Navy declined to show up today,” Walton said. “They sent a letter rather than show up for the people of this city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Philip, health officer for the San Francisco Department of Public Health, did show up. And the supervisors grilled her with questions. Does she feel the department has the opportunity to increase staffing to monitor groundwater rise? How involved is her department in the Navy’s process? What actions had her department taken to analyze concerns around sea level rise prior to the jury’s report?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip told the supervisors the agency has a dedicated staff person, but with the scale of the issue, Walton told her more are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that the least the department can do is probably put some resources together to have more eyes on the monitoring of additional science,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1979637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1979637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/06/RS54632_019_KQED_BaykeeperBayviewHuntersPoint_03082022-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings in the Bayview sit behind the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When asked how much control Philip’s department has over the cleanup, she responded by saying the agency does not have regulatory power over the shipyard but will offer recommendations and comments when allowed, like during the five-year review of the Navy cleanup in the spring of 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the Civil Grand Jury’s message that public information about the toxic sites is difficult to find and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unintelligible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Phillip said that, with the upcoming five-year review by the Navy, her goal is “make it as understandable as possible” for the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site and will ensure that takes place before the land can be redeveloped into housing or businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members pleaded with the supervisors to take action. Arieann Harrison with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation said independent testing has found that residents, including herself, already have high levels of contaminants such as uranium in their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Marcy Adelman, a psychologist and a resident of District 10, asked the board to develop recommendations that will support community health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a precipice here, and if we don’t act, it will be too late,” she said. “The city has to get in the game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the committee, the Navy says it disagrees with the jury report and has accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise. Officials wrote the Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering.” Officials also wrote the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Connie Chan asked the deputy city attorney to explore whether the supervisors can subpoena the parties if the Navy and other regulatory agencies decide not to attend future meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors will release recommendations for the city at a Sept. 29 meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Superfund site has been partially cleaned up. With the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Navy is continuing the cleanup, preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-lesson-in-discrimination-a-toxic-sea-level-rise-crisis-threatens-west-oakland",
"title": "'A Lesson in Discrimination': A Toxic Sea Level Rise Crisis Threatens West Oakland",
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"headTitle": "‘A Lesson in Discrimination’: A Toxic Sea Level Rise Crisis Threatens West Oakland | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED’s series “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic waste lurking in the soil under West Oakland neighborhoods is the next environmental threat in this community already burdened by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stability of buried contamination from Oakland’s industrial past relies on it staying in place in the soil. But once the rising waters of San Francisco Bay press inland and get underneath these pockets of chemicals and gases, a certain amount of that waste will not stay in place. Instead, it will begin to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 sites — colorless gases in dirt under schools, flammable chemicals buried in shallow soil near parks, petroleum in pockets of groundwater from iron manufacturing — lie in wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-caused climate change is already forcing this groundwater rise in West Oakland and other parts of the Bay Area. UC Berkeley and UCLA scientists warn that plumes of waste will migrate underground along unpredictable pathways, exposing communities of color to contamination decades before floods gush over the industrial shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are environmental health issues that need to be addressed now,” said UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch, a lead researcher with \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toxic Tides\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u003c/span> a project that maps contamination in the path of sea level rise across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980277 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022.jpg\" alt=\"A view from the water of high-rise buildings beneath a pale blue sky. Along the waterfront are piles of scrap metal and industrial pipes. Between the scrap metal and the water is an embankment of rock. In the distant background are wooded hills.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Downtown Oakland can be seen behind piles of scrap metal at a manufacturing facility at the Port of Oakland on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The toxic waste and pollution in West Oakland are a result of the legacy of racism in housing, economic and other policies over decades. Residents didn’t consent to living in these conditions. Now they’re demanding to be significant players in any climate resilience plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting on a park bench in front of her second-story apartment, Margaret Gordon, a 75-year-old Black woman with a powerful legacy of environmental advocacy, said the threat from underground toxics only adds to the neighborhood’s severe environmental hardships. Across the Bay Area and, in fact, the world, climate change disproportionately affects communities of color like West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1979614 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/06/011_KQED_BayviewAriannHarrison_03022022-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing a gold-flecked denim baseball cap and a long navy skirt, Gordon described how three freeways box in the roughly 23,000 people living in this industrial landscape, three-quarters of them people of color living with the strain of low wages, high housing costs and the poor health that comes from increased exposure to pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s tons of pollutants, or toxins, in the ground,” Gordon said as a BART train zipped by and a line of semi trucks spewed fumes on the way to the Port of Oakland. “You cannot put up a garden without having your soil tested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon founded the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project to demand environmental justice for people of color here. It’s not surprising that West Oakland is one of the Bay Area cities most at risk from groundwater rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It still comes down to race,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a resident of a historically Black community, Gordon sees climate justice as a form of reparations, a payment in money and services to repair the harm of conscious decisions, such as government leaders allowing toxic industries to operate in the neighborhood, devaluing the lives of Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reparation movement is the next level of civil rights,” said Gordon. “We should not be in a position of just surviving. We should be thriving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A dangerous game of inches\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the northernmost edge of the neighborhood, about a half-mile from San Francisco Bay, a row of new, charcoal-gray and white condominiums rise above a black iron fence and a border of trees. Nearby, traffic zooms along Interstate 880, and a historic train station — also a contaminated site — speaks to the city’s industrial past.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/profile_report.asp?global_id=T10000007358\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1880, the Oakland shoreline ran through this section\u003c/span>\u003c/a> before infill expanded the landscape, according to the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area, like most of West Oakland, is flat. Between these homes and the bay are at least three hazardous sites — including a partially cleaned-up old Army base and water treatment plant — contaminated with petroleum, volatile organic compounds and other industrial waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980284\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg\" alt=\"The image shows a wide strip of pavement with a long line of semi-trucks on the right side. In the distance ahead are cranes at the Port of Oakland. Puffy clouds hover in the pale blue sky.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucks line up to receive their freight at the Port of Oakland on April 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gordon said these homes could “be the first victims of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in West Oakland largely don’t understand that this looming disaster is under their feet because, according to Gordon, they have enough to do simply to meet their basic needs. \u003ca href=\"https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/FINAL_Baseline-Report.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The median annual income for Black West Oakland residents is about $30,000, a third of the median income that white people earn in the neighborhood\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, according to Oakland’s Race and Equity Baseline Indicators Report from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California climate policy measures sea level rise in feet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Entire Bay Area shorelines could be swamped by 10.1 feet of brackish water\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by 2100 in extreme scenarios, according to an assessment the state conducted in 2017. But scientists say it won’t take feet to loosen toxic contaminants in West Oakland’s soil and render them dangerous to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bay waters rise and threaten to flood over the land, it presses a layer of salty water in under the land. This salty water seeps in below the existing groundwater, pushing it upward until, at some point, it touches contaminated soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Groundwater rise, then,\u003c/span> is a dangerous game of inches, according to Kristina Hill, director of the Institute for Urban and Regional Development at UC Berkeley. Very subtle changes to the shallow groundwater can pressure and crack sewer pipes, while chemicals can corrode them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As contaminants begin to move, they can spread toxins already in the soil, releasing poisonous gases that flow in and around these pipes. Those gases can enter homes, schools and businesses through cracked plumbing seals, poisoning residents. Methane, a gas that’s released when petroleum products break down, can even explode with an errant spark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are going to be real health risks,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>West Oakland hazardous sites and sea level rise in 2100\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use your mouse to move the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the dots to view details. Click on the magnifying glass to search for a specific address. Areas marked by circles show the impact of rising seas and groundwater together, while squares show groundwater impacts only. Sources: Climate Central, UCLA, UC Berkeley, USGS, CA Department of Toxic Substances Control, State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=bae696b261554d28ac6b85e680f1d3de&extent=-122.3404,37.7669,-122.2468,37.8439&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland got a glimpse of this in 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/19027\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">when the Oakland Unified School District shut down McClymonds High School for a week\u003c/span>\u003c/a> after officials found trichloroethylene, a cancer-causing chemical, in the groundwater under the school. Officials were concerned the chemicals could vaporize and waft into the air that students and teachers were breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and county officials confirmed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/contaminated-groundwater-shuts-down-mcclymonds-high-in-oakland/2237816/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the contaminants possibly came from the five active cleanup sites\u003c/span>\u003c/a> within half a mile of the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the kind of situation that’s going to occur,” Hill said. “It’s exacerbated by a rising water table. We could find mystery plumes in lots of places that weren’t being tracked and that suddenly show up under the cracked concrete slab floor of a high school. That’s what I worry about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\n\u003ch2>What does cleanup mean now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are 138 contaminated sites in West Oakland — junkyards, dry cleaners, auto shops and even a former ice cream factory — that either have never been cleaned up, or are in some state of active remediation, according to a KQED analysis of hazardous sites in online catalogs maintained by the state through its water board and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the hazardous sites, 82 are under the jurisdiction of the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is well aware of the compounding issues of toxics in soil and groundwater rise, Alec Naugle, the board’s toxics cleanup manager, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1979645 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/2100-672x372.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to break those 82 sites down, look at those various scenarios, and then, using our enforcement authority, direct specific actions,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actions could include accelerating cleanups by 10 to 20 years and imposing stricter conditions for cleanup. Naugle said his team has sent letters to some landowners who need to factor in groundwater rise in cleanup plans. The agency rejected one application for a “cleaned up” status at a former petroleum refinery close to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Denying closure to a property owner who needs that to maybe sell the property becomes a really important, powerful tool that we can use,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is also partnering with Pathways Climate Institute and the San Francisco Estuary Institute to forecast how groundwater will move into low-lying areas of Alameda, Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties. That research is slated to be released in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, or DTSC, said it couldn’t comment on the number or severity of active sites. The agency said it is developing guidance for sites and project managers “to ensure that remedies at contaminated sites are resilient now and into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DTSC director Meredith Williams said in an interview that the agency is prioritizing the places with the heaviest environmental burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are, for instance, abandoned dry cleaners all over the state,” she said. “They’ve led to groundwater plumes of solvents, and we’re identifying where our opportunities are to clean up those sites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said her staff has had some racial equity training to begin understanding why environmental justice matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our staff really don’t understand what the communities are like. They don’t understand the impacts of redlining,” she said. “These are things that, once people understand them, can lead to empathy for what it is that these communities are experiencing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Dumping ground’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>West Oakland became an industrial powerhouse some 150 years ago when the transcontinental railroad ended its long journey at this edge of the bay. Over time, shipbuilding, metal foundries and manufacturing filled the small corner of Oakland, followed later by gas stations, dry cleaners and auto yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racist home-lending policies such as redlining relegated Black people to this neighborhood, preventing them from seeking housing outside the industrialized area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980295\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980295\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS55353_20220402_OaklandShorelineAcademy-04-e1738275140501.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing stripes, a mask and gardening gloves carries a large while walking in a marsh ecosystem.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoenix Armenta collects weeds during a community habitat restoration day at the Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline Park on Mar. 31, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Edwards for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In Oakland, where there has been redlining is exactly where all the toxic sites are,” said Phoenix Armenta, who is mixed-race and the regional resilience manager with the environmental group Gordon runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://acphd-web-media.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/data-reports/social-health-equity/docs/unnatcs2008.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black people born in West Oakland are likely to die 15 years earlier than white people born in the Oakland hills\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u003c/span> according to a 2008 health assessment from the Alameda County Public Health Department. They’re also five times more likely to be hospitalized for diabetes, three times more likely to die of stroke and twice as likely to die of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland has been the economic engine of the city, yet residents are victims of racist policies that expose them to life-threatening environmental pollution without their consent, said Dorothy Lazard, a Black woman who grew up in the neighborhood and retired last year as the managing librarian of the Oakland History Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a lesson in discrimination, disregard and diminishment of a population that helped build the city,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1940s, \u003ca href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435002748820&view=1up&seq=5\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">West Oakland was named among the city’s top blighted areas\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in an Oakland Planning Commission study. The authors wrote that neighborhoods like West Oakland were “grim” and “ugly” because of deteriorating buildings, overcrowding and limited housing. Local and federal policies worsened the blight, Lazard said, by seizing land through eminent domain and destroying homes and businesses for freeways, public housing and a BART station. The government-sanctioned actions conspicuously decimated a historic Black neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980281 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg\" alt=\"The image is of the inside of a card with many handwritten notes thinking the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and Margaret Gordon for her work on environmental justice.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thank-you notes to Margaret Gordon and the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project line a bookshelf at the West Oakland office on April 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Claiming things through eminent domain is commensurate with colonialism,” Lazard said. “It’s like saying we can use this as our dumping ground because we’ve already devalued this space and the people within this space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The racism inherent in those decisions makes West Oakland a fairly typical community of color, where financial gain is “pitted against the needs of the people,” Margaretta Lin \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/From_the_Art_of_War_to_Being_Peace__Mindfulness_and_Community_Law.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wrote in a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">critical history of West Oakland\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published in 2007. “The rules of the game have been structured in such a technocratic and legalistic way that community voices are rarely consulted or heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin teaches racial justice in planning and public policy at UC Berkeley’s Department of City and Regional Planning, and its Future Histories Lab. In an interview, she said West Oakland residents didn’t approve of the policies that negatively affect their lives and health.[aside postID=news_11922784 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/RS57010_002_KQED_HousingJordanCourt_06292022-qut-1020x680.jpg']“They didn’t have consent about what kind of industries were going to go where, right?” she said. “They didn’t have consent about where freeways were going to be developed. All that came about because of racism and the lack of political power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, housing prices are soaring in West Oakland, and new construction peppers the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Demographically, things are changing, and you can buy a million-dollar house in West Oakland, which never had happened before when it was predominantly African American,” Lazard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell Schwarzer, who wrote “Hella Town,” a book on the history of Oakland, said the city needs to preserve a large percentage of housing for residents who have lived in West Oakland for decades. But, he said, that means Oakland leaders must grapple with tough questions about prioritizing people of color who have been “subject to real egregious damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you make sure that those people don’t get screwed over a second time?” he said. “That’s really what we’re talking about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Let’s talk about reparations’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The racism that shaped the economic and community life of West Oakland persists, according to Brandi T. Summers, a UC Berkeley geography professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so present that we can’t ignore it,” she said. “We can’t believe that we can extract race from this conversation at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980286 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021.jpg\" alt=\"The image shows a street party with Black people mingling and sitting at tables covered with white cloths. There are various beverages on the table. A man on a horse leans in to talk with the people. He's wearing blue jeans, a light blue cotton shirt and a pale cream cowboy hat. Behind the people is a white bouncy house. In the background of the photo is a cream-colored church with a tall, pointed tower.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donnell McAlister and his horse JJ, named after Jesse James, ride through a Juneteenth block party to celebrate the opening of the Black Panther Party Mini Museum in West Oakland on June 19, 2021. Juneteenth is a federal holiday celebrating the emancipation of enslaved people. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The term “equity” has emerged as a dominant force for change at every policy level. Equity, however, isn’t a word Gordon uses to describe what’s needed for climate justice in West Oakland, because it’s not big enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t talk to me about equity anymore,” she said. “Let’s talk about reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11909471/unpacking-reparations-eligibility-in-california\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">state task force on reparations\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is studying ways to repair the harm that emanates from enslavement and post-emancipation systemic racism. For Gordon, reparations recommendations should include cleaning up toxic sites, access to affordable housing, better health care, economic opportunities and power in planning decisions about climate resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would have long-standing sustainability,” she said. “I would know there’s going to be housing for my children and grandchildren, so there’ll be a job for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reparations would also mean environmental justice, says Rev. Ken Chambers, a third-generation pastor currently leading the West Side Missionary Baptist Church in a small, tan rectangular building in the southwest corner of the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A community with fresh breathing air, not consumed by diesel truck traffic, ship traffic, smog” could develop green-tech jobs that pay good wages and also help the environment, according to Chambers, who is Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reparations that bolster the local economy, improve air quality and raise overall health could equal potential freedom from the tendrils of enslavement even as the climate emergency worsens, said Maya Carrasquillo, a UC Berkeley environmental engineering professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The full freedom to say, ‘I can leave or I can stay,'” she said. “Or, ‘I have the freedom, the values and the finances to be able to make the future I want.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "'A Lesson in Discrimination': A Toxic Sea Level Rise Crisis Threatens West Oakland | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED’s series “Sacrifice Zones: Bay Area Shoreline Communities Reimagining Their Homes in the Face of the Climate Emergency.” The project looks at communities of color facing the worst of rising seas and fighting to thrive. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more of KQED’s reparations coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toxic waste lurking in the soil under West Oakland neighborhoods is the next environmental threat in this community already burdened by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stability of buried contamination from Oakland’s industrial past relies on it staying in place in the soil. But once the rising waters of San Francisco Bay press inland and get underneath these pockets of chemicals and gases, a certain amount of that waste will not stay in place. Instead, it will begin to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 sites — colorless gases in dirt under schools, flammable chemicals buried in shallow soil near parks, petroleum in pockets of groundwater from iron manufacturing — lie in wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-caused climate change is already forcing this groundwater rise in West Oakland and other parts of the Bay Area. UC Berkeley and UCLA scientists warn that plumes of waste will migrate underground along unpredictable pathways, exposing communities of color to contamination decades before floods gush over the industrial shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are environmental health issues that need to be addressed now,” said UC Berkeley’s Rachel Morello-Frosch, a lead researcher with \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/berkeley.edu/toxictides/home\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Toxic Tides\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u003c/span> a project that maps contamination in the path of sea level rise across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980277 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022.jpg\" alt=\"A view from the water of high-rise buildings beneath a pale blue sky. Along the waterfront are piles of scrap metal and industrial pipes. Between the scrap metal and the water is an embankment of rock. In the distant background are wooded hills.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/004_KQED_SchnitzerSteelPortofOakland_03082022-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Downtown Oakland can be seen behind piles of scrap metal at a manufacturing facility at the Port of Oakland on March 8, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The toxic waste and pollution in West Oakland are a result of the legacy of racism in housing, economic and other policies over decades. Residents didn’t consent to living in these conditions. Now they’re demanding to be significant players in any climate resilience plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting on a park bench in front of her second-story apartment, Margaret Gordon, a 75-year-old Black woman with a powerful legacy of environmental advocacy, said the threat from underground toxics only adds to the neighborhood’s severe environmental hardships. Across the Bay Area and, in fact, the world, climate change disproportionately affects communities of color like West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing a gold-flecked denim baseball cap and a long navy skirt, Gordon described how three freeways box in the roughly 23,000 people living in this industrial landscape, three-quarters of them people of color living with the strain of low wages, high housing costs and the poor health that comes from increased exposure to pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s tons of pollutants, or toxins, in the ground,” Gordon said as a BART train zipped by and a line of semi trucks spewed fumes on the way to the Port of Oakland. “You cannot put up a garden without having your soil tested.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon founded the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project to demand environmental justice for people of color here. It’s not surprising that West Oakland is one of the Bay Area cities most at risk from groundwater rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It still comes down to race,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a resident of a historically Black community, Gordon sees climate justice as a form of reparations, a payment in money and services to repair the harm of conscious decisions, such as government leaders allowing toxic industries to operate in the neighborhood, devaluing the lives of Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reparation movement is the next level of civil rights,” said Gordon. “We should not be in a position of just surviving. We should be thriving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A dangerous game of inches\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the northernmost edge of the neighborhood, about a half-mile from San Francisco Bay, a row of new, charcoal-gray and white condominiums rise above a black iron fence and a border of trees. Nearby, traffic zooms along Interstate 880, and a historic train station — also a contaminated site — speaks to the city’s industrial past.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/profile_report.asp?global_id=T10000007358\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1880, the Oakland shoreline ran through this section\u003c/span>\u003c/a> before infill expanded the landscape, according to the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area, like most of West Oakland, is flat. Between these homes and the bay are at least three hazardous sites — including a partially cleaned-up old Army base and water treatment plant — contaminated with petroleum, volatile organic compounds and other industrial waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980284\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg\" alt=\"The image shows a wide strip of pavement with a long line of semi-trucks on the right side. In the distance ahead are cranes at the Port of Oakland. Puffy clouds hover in the pale blue sky.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/025_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucks line up to receive their freight at the Port of Oakland on April 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gordon said these homes could “be the first victims of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in West Oakland largely don’t understand that this looming disaster is under their feet because, according to Gordon, they have enough to do simply to meet their basic needs. \u003ca href=\"https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/FINAL_Baseline-Report.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The median annual income for Black West Oakland residents is about $30,000, a third of the median income that white people earn in the neighborhood\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, according to Oakland’s Race and Equity Baseline Indicators Report from 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California climate policy measures sea level rise in feet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Entire Bay Area shorelines could be swamped by 10.1 feet of brackish water\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by 2100 in extreme scenarios, according to an assessment the state conducted in 2017. But scientists say it won’t take feet to loosen toxic contaminants in West Oakland’s soil and render them dangerous to humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bay waters rise and threaten to flood over the land, it presses a layer of salty water in under the land. This salty water seeps in below the existing groundwater, pushing it upward until, at some point, it touches contaminated soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Groundwater rise, then,\u003c/span> is a dangerous game of inches, according to Kristina Hill, director of the Institute for Urban and Regional Development at UC Berkeley. Very subtle changes to the shallow groundwater can pressure and crack sewer pipes, while chemicals can corrode them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As contaminants begin to move, they can spread toxins already in the soil, releasing poisonous gases that flow in and around these pipes. Those gases can enter homes, schools and businesses through cracked plumbing seals, poisoning residents. Methane, a gas that’s released when petroleum products break down, can even explode with an errant spark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are going to be real health risks,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>West Oakland hazardous sites and sea level rise in 2100\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use your mouse to move the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the dots to view details. Click on the magnifying glass to search for a specific address. Areas marked by circles show the impact of rising seas and groundwater together, while squares show groundwater impacts only. Sources: Climate Central, UCLA, UC Berkeley, USGS, CA Department of Toxic Substances Control, State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=bae696b261554d28ac6b85e680f1d3de&extent=-122.3404,37.7669,-122.2468,37.8439&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland got a glimpse of this in 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/19027\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">when the Oakland Unified School District shut down McClymonds High School for a week\u003c/span>\u003c/a> after officials found trichloroethylene, a cancer-causing chemical, in the groundwater under the school. Officials were concerned the chemicals could vaporize and waft into the air that students and teachers were breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and county officials confirmed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcbayarea.com/investigations/contaminated-groundwater-shuts-down-mcclymonds-high-in-oakland/2237816/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the contaminants possibly came from the five active cleanup sites\u003c/span>\u003c/a> within half a mile of the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the kind of situation that’s going to occur,” Hill said. “It’s exacerbated by a rising water table. We could find mystery plumes in lots of places that weren’t being tracked and that suddenly show up under the cracked concrete slab floor of a high school. That’s what I worry about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\n\u003ch2>What does cleanup mean now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are 138 contaminated sites in West Oakland — junkyards, dry cleaners, auto shops and even a former ice cream factory — that either have never been cleaned up, or are in some state of active remediation, according to a KQED analysis of hazardous sites in online catalogs maintained by the state through its water board and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the hazardous sites, 82 are under the jurisdiction of the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is well aware of the compounding issues of toxics in soil and groundwater rise, Alec Naugle, the board’s toxics cleanup manager, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to break those 82 sites down, look at those various scenarios, and then, using our enforcement authority, direct specific actions,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actions could include accelerating cleanups by 10 to 20 years and imposing stricter conditions for cleanup. Naugle said his team has sent letters to some landowners who need to factor in groundwater rise in cleanup plans. The agency rejected one application for a “cleaned up” status at a former petroleum refinery close to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Denying closure to a property owner who needs that to maybe sell the property becomes a really important, powerful tool that we can use,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is also partnering with Pathways Climate Institute and the San Francisco Estuary Institute to forecast how groundwater will move into low-lying areas of Alameda, Marin, San Francisco and San Mateo counties. That research is slated to be released in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, or DTSC, said it couldn’t comment on the number or severity of active sites. The agency said it is developing guidance for sites and project managers “to ensure that remedies at contaminated sites are resilient now and into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DTSC director Meredith Williams said in an interview that the agency is prioritizing the places with the heaviest environmental burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are, for instance, abandoned dry cleaners all over the state,” she said. “They’ve led to groundwater plumes of solvents, and we’re identifying where our opportunities are to clean up those sites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said her staff has had some racial equity training to begin understanding why environmental justice matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of our staff really don’t understand what the communities are like. They don’t understand the impacts of redlining,” she said. “These are things that, once people understand them, can lead to empathy for what it is that these communities are experiencing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Dumping ground’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>West Oakland became an industrial powerhouse some 150 years ago when the transcontinental railroad ended its long journey at this edge of the bay. Over time, shipbuilding, metal foundries and manufacturing filled the small corner of Oakland, followed later by gas stations, dry cleaners and auto yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racist home-lending policies such as redlining relegated Black people to this neighborhood, preventing them from seeking housing outside the industrialized area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980295\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1980295\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/RS55353_20220402_OaklandShorelineAcademy-04-e1738275140501.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing stripes, a mask and gardening gloves carries a large while walking in a marsh ecosystem.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phoenix Armenta collects weeds during a community habitat restoration day at the Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline Park on Mar. 31, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Edwards for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In Oakland, where there has been redlining is exactly where all the toxic sites are,” said Phoenix Armenta, who is mixed-race and the regional resilience manager with the environmental group Gordon runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://acphd-web-media.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/media/data-reports/social-health-equity/docs/unnatcs2008.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Black people born in West Oakland are likely to die 15 years earlier than white people born in the Oakland hills\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u003c/span> according to a 2008 health assessment from the Alameda County Public Health Department. They’re also five times more likely to be hospitalized for diabetes, three times more likely to die of stroke and twice as likely to die of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland has been the economic engine of the city, yet residents are victims of racist policies that expose them to life-threatening environmental pollution without their consent, said Dorothy Lazard, a Black woman who grew up in the neighborhood and retired last year as the managing librarian of the Oakland History Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a lesson in discrimination, disregard and diminishment of a population that helped build the city,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1940s, \u003ca href=\"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435002748820&view=1up&seq=5\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">West Oakland was named among the city’s top blighted areas\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in an Oakland Planning Commission study. The authors wrote that neighborhoods like West Oakland were “grim” and “ugly” because of deteriorating buildings, overcrowding and limited housing. Local and federal policies worsened the blight, Lazard said, by seizing land through eminent domain and destroying homes and businesses for freeways, public housing and a BART station. The government-sanctioned actions conspicuously decimated a historic Black neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980281 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg\" alt=\"The image is of the inside of a card with many handwritten notes thinking the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and Margaret Gordon for her work on environmental justice.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/005_KQED_MargaretGordonWestOakland_04122022-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thank-you notes to Margaret Gordon and the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project line a bookshelf at the West Oakland office on April 12, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Claiming things through eminent domain is commensurate with colonialism,” Lazard said. “It’s like saying we can use this as our dumping ground because we’ve already devalued this space and the people within this space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The racism inherent in those decisions makes West Oakland a fairly typical community of color, where financial gain is “pitted against the needs of the people,” Margaretta Lin \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/From_the_Art_of_War_to_Being_Peace__Mindfulness_and_Community_Law.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">wrote in a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">critical history of West Oakland\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published in 2007. “The rules of the game have been structured in such a technocratic and legalistic way that community voices are rarely consulted or heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin teaches racial justice in planning and public policy at UC Berkeley’s Department of City and Regional Planning, and its Future Histories Lab. In an interview, she said West Oakland residents didn’t approve of the policies that negatively affect their lives and health.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“They didn’t have consent about what kind of industries were going to go where, right?” she said. “They didn’t have consent about where freeways were going to be developed. All that came about because of racism and the lack of political power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, housing prices are soaring in West Oakland, and new construction peppers the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Demographically, things are changing, and you can buy a million-dollar house in West Oakland, which never had happened before when it was predominantly African American,” Lazard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell Schwarzer, who wrote “Hella Town,” a book on the history of Oakland, said the city needs to preserve a large percentage of housing for residents who have lived in West Oakland for decades. But, he said, that means Oakland leaders must grapple with tough questions about prioritizing people of color who have been “subject to real egregious damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you make sure that those people don’t get screwed over a second time?” he said. “That’s really what we’re talking about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Let’s talk about reparations’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The racism that shaped the economic and community life of West Oakland persists, according to Brandi T. Summers, a UC Berkeley geography professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so present that we can’t ignore it,” she said. “We can’t believe that we can extract race from this conversation at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980286 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021.jpg\" alt=\"The image shows a street party with Black people mingling and sitting at tables covered with white cloths. There are various beverages on the table. A man on a horse leans in to talk with the people. He's wearing blue jeans, a light blue cotton shirt and a pale cream cowboy hat. Behind the people is a white bouncy house. In the background of the photo is a cream-colored church with a tall, pointed tower.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/09/028_Oakland_JuneteenthBBPMuseum_06192021-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donnell McAlister and his horse JJ, named after Jesse James, ride through a Juneteenth block party to celebrate the opening of the Black Panther Party Mini Museum in West Oakland on June 19, 2021. Juneteenth is a federal holiday celebrating the emancipation of enslaved people. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The term “equity” has emerged as a dominant force for change at every policy level. Equity, however, isn’t a word Gordon uses to describe what’s needed for climate justice in West Oakland, because it’s not big enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t talk to me about equity anymore,” she said. “Let’s talk about reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11909471/unpacking-reparations-eligibility-in-california\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">state task force on reparations\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is studying ways to repair the harm that emanates from enslavement and post-emancipation systemic racism. For Gordon, reparations recommendations should include cleaning up toxic sites, access to affordable housing, better health care, economic opportunities and power in planning decisions about climate resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would have long-standing sustainability,” she said. “I would know there’s going to be housing for my children and grandchildren, so there’ll be a job for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reparations would also mean environmental justice, says Rev. Ken Chambers, a third-generation pastor currently leading the West Side Missionary Baptist Church in a small, tan rectangular building in the southwest corner of the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A community with fresh breathing air, not consumed by diesel truck traffic, ship traffic, smog” could develop green-tech jobs that pay good wages and also help the environment, according to Chambers, who is Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reparations that bolster the local economy, improve air quality and raise overall health could equal potential freedom from the tendrils of enslavement even as the climate emergency worsens, said Maya Carrasquillo, a UC Berkeley environmental engineering professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The full freedom to say, ‘I can leave or I can stay,'” she said. “Or, ‘I have the freedom, the values and the finances to be able to make the future I want.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Omicron Boosters: Do I Need One, and If So, When?",
"headTitle": "Omicron Boosters: Do I Need One, and If So, When? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/09/01/1120560488/cdc-advisers-back-new-booster-shots-to-fight-omicron\">recommending updated COVID boosters\u003c/a>, for people ages 12 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These newly authorized shots are reformulated versions of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines and they’re available at pharmacies, clinics and doctors’ offices around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boosters target both the original strain of the coronavirus and the two omicron subvariants which are causing most of the current infections. Vaccine makers have scrambled to rejigger the vaccines as they’ve become less effective against new variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='CDC Director Rochelle Walensky']‘If you are eligible, there is no bad time to get your COVID-19 booster. I strongly encourage you to receive it.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This virus has been mutating so quickly over the past two years,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/judith-a-guzman-cottrill-do\">Judith Guzman-Cottrill\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at Oregon Health & Science University. “I feel like we’ve been playing catch up and finally we have caught up,” Guzman-Cottrill says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s updated booster is available for anyone 12 and older. The Moderna booster is available for anyone 18 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are eligible, there is no bad time to get your COVID-19 booster,”\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/02/1120692856/new-covid-boosters-cdc-walensky\"> CDC Director Rochelle Walensky told NPR.\u003c/a> “I strongly encourage you to receive it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11924327,news_11922999' label='More on the Omicron Booster']But after talking to several infectious disease experts, we found there’s a whole range of opinions on who needs to boost and when. So, if you are navigating this decision, here are some things to consider:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who needs a booster as soon as possible?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“I would recommend this booster shot for those who are immunocompromised or those who are 60 years [old] and above,” says \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.ucsf.edu/people/monica-gandhi\">Monica Gandhi\u003c/a>, an infectious disease expert at the University of California, San Francisco. Gandhi says people in these groups are at highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to CDC guidance, people are eligible if it’s been at least two months since they received their last COVID shot, either a booster or an initial vaccine, but some vaccine experts say it would be better to wait at least four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will get it,” says Physician \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.ucsf.edu/people/robert-wachter\">Bob Wachter\u003c/a>, who’s in his mid-60s and in good health. “I’m about eight months out from shot number four. And so my immunity has waned significantly,” Wachter says. He plans to get an updated booster as soon as it’s available as a hedge against serious infection, given COVID is still circulating widely with about \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home\">400 deaths per day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no question that getting a booster increases the likelihood that you’ll have a benign case,” if you do get infected, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter also agrees with the CDC recommendation that younger adults get the booster. Boosting can protect against the risk of long COVID and helps protect the community at large by reducing transmission, if there’s another surge, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are good reasons to get it, even for people that have a low chance of a super severe infection,” Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When does it make sense to wait?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve had a recent COVID infection, it makes sense to wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman-Cottrill and her children had mild infections in August, so she says she’ll wait until November to get boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our natural antibody response will protect us against COVID for another few months. So I do think it makes sense to wait and get the updated booster about three months after our positive COVID test,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is in line with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2022-09-01/09-COVID-Hall-508.pdf\">the recommendation from CDC vaccine advisers\u003c/a> — people who recently had COVID-19 may consider delaying a booster shot by three months. That’s what the country’s top infectious disease expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci says he plans to do. Fauci tested positive in mid-June and says he’ll wait three months before he gets his updated booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman-Cottrill says both her teenagers will also get the new booster “to protect us from COVID this winter so we can avoid sick days from work and from school,” she says.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can I time my shot for maximum protection at the holidays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It won’t be a surprise if there’s another COVID surge this coming winter. Since the protection from boosters may only last several months, some people say they plan to wait to get the new booster in order to have maximum protection when the risk of infection is higher. “You can make a rational argument to wait until case rates are higher,” says Wachter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re trying to time it for the period of highest risk, he says, there are likely to be a ton more cases in December and January than there are in September and October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Wachter says, this strategy is a bit like trying to time the stock market. It’s hard to predict exactly when the surge will happen, so there’s a risk in waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are basically accepting a period of vulnerability that you don’t need to have,” he says. “And as I weigh all that, my thinking is I’d rather not do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another argument against waiting is that the protection from a booster shot is not instantaneous. “It does take a few weeks for our immune systems to be primed,” says Dr.\u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.uchicagomedicine.org/find-a-physician/physician/aniruddha-hazra__;!!Iwwt!QCe1cWy_YhUDgnuDftP6iGGwaah9fb9DnvhKVF4Ri-DsrpJ9jWkoH2X0MhEcTJo3dvAgg1c89utMauhjaHdhltgO6rTqQQ%24\"> Aniruddha Hazra\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Chicago. He says it could be risky to wait until a surge is already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hazra points out the vaccines can activate our immune systems in a few ways. Immune cells, known as B cells, help produce antibodies that fight off the virus in the short-term. Research shows COVID vaccines boost antibodies for several months, but then they begin to fade. After that, B cells and another type of immune cell, known as T cells, which can destroy infected cells, stick around to\u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/covid-19-immune-response-improves-months-after-vaccination#:~:text=Vaccines%20activate%20your%20body's%20disease,cells%2C%20which%20destroy%20infected%20cells.\"> build a deeper immunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this deeper immunity was triggered and primed from the initial vaccines, so everyone who’s been vaccinated should have some protection against COVID But given the omicron subvariants circulating now are so different. “This [new] booster will definitely provide you with higher levels of antibodies, which are short term and short lived. It may also provide more deep-seated immunity,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the new booster shots prevent COVID infections completely?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. There’s lots of enthusiasm for the updated boosters, but they are not a magic bullet\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As SARS-CoV-2 has evolved, it’s become more transmissible, which is why delta and omicron led to such large surges, despite widespread vaccination in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal of this vaccine is to prevent severe illness,” says\u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\"> Paul Offit, director \u003c/a>of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. He argues that many people who’ve already received three doses of vaccine remain well protected, so he doesn’t see a clear benefit to giving the new boosters to everyone 12 and up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#covidnet-hospitalizations-vaccination\">to CDC data,\u003c/a> people who have had one or two boosters have a 0.024% chance of being hospitalized with COVID-19. For people under 50, it’s even lower — 0.014%\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit agrees that certain groups should receive the new booster including elderly adults, people who are immunocompromised and those with chronic conditions that put them \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\">at higher risk of serious illness.\u003c/a> But he questions the value of another booster for healthy, younger people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit says he had a mild infection in May that lasted a few days. He’s decided against getting the new booster. “I think I’m protected against serious disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new boosters offer a few months’ protection against infection, he says, but there’s no clear evidence of benefit beyond that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Omicron+boosters%3A+Do+I+need+one%2C+and+if+so%2C+when%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Updated COVID boosters are now available for anyone age 12 or older. The CDC is urging anyone who is eligible to sign up but some vaccine experts say some people might want to wait.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/09/01/1120560488/cdc-advisers-back-new-booster-shots-to-fight-omicron\">recommending updated COVID boosters\u003c/a>, for people ages 12 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These newly authorized shots are reformulated versions of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines and they’re available at pharmacies, clinics and doctors’ offices around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boosters target both the original strain of the coronavirus and the two omicron subvariants which are causing most of the current infections. Vaccine makers have scrambled to rejigger the vaccines as they’ve become less effective against new variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If you are eligible, there is no bad time to get your COVID-19 booster. I strongly encourage you to receive it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This virus has been mutating so quickly over the past two years,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/judith-a-guzman-cottrill-do\">Judith Guzman-Cottrill\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at Oregon Health & Science University. “I feel like we’ve been playing catch up and finally we have caught up,” Guzman-Cottrill says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer’s updated booster is available for anyone 12 and older. The Moderna booster is available for anyone 18 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are eligible, there is no bad time to get your COVID-19 booster,”\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/02/1120692856/new-covid-boosters-cdc-walensky\"> CDC Director Rochelle Walensky told NPR.\u003c/a> “I strongly encourage you to receive it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But after talking to several infectious disease experts, we found there’s a whole range of opinions on who needs to boost and when. So, if you are navigating this decision, here are some things to consider:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who needs a booster as soon as possible?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“I would recommend this booster shot for those who are immunocompromised or those who are 60 years [old] and above,” says \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.ucsf.edu/people/monica-gandhi\">Monica Gandhi\u003c/a>, an infectious disease expert at the University of California, San Francisco. Gandhi says people in these groups are at highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to CDC guidance, people are eligible if it’s been at least two months since they received their last COVID shot, either a booster or an initial vaccine, but some vaccine experts say it would be better to wait at least four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will get it,” says Physician \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.ucsf.edu/people/robert-wachter\">Bob Wachter\u003c/a>, who’s in his mid-60s and in good health. “I’m about eight months out from shot number four. And so my immunity has waned significantly,” Wachter says. He plans to get an updated booster as soon as it’s available as a hedge against serious infection, given COVID is still circulating widely with about \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home\">400 deaths per day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no question that getting a booster increases the likelihood that you’ll have a benign case,” if you do get infected, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter also agrees with the CDC recommendation that younger adults get the booster. Boosting can protect against the risk of long COVID and helps protect the community at large by reducing transmission, if there’s another surge, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are good reasons to get it, even for people that have a low chance of a super severe infection,” Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When does it make sense to wait?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve had a recent COVID infection, it makes sense to wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman-Cottrill and her children had mild infections in August, so she says she’ll wait until November to get boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our natural antibody response will protect us against COVID for another few months. So I do think it makes sense to wait and get the updated booster about three months after our positive COVID test,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is in line with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2022-09-01/09-COVID-Hall-508.pdf\">the recommendation from CDC vaccine advisers\u003c/a> — people who recently had COVID-19 may consider delaying a booster shot by three months. That’s what the country’s top infectious disease expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci says he plans to do. Fauci tested positive in mid-June and says he’ll wait three months before he gets his updated booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman-Cottrill says both her teenagers will also get the new booster “to protect us from COVID this winter so we can avoid sick days from work and from school,” she says.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can I time my shot for maximum protection at the holidays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It won’t be a surprise if there’s another COVID surge this coming winter. Since the protection from boosters may only last several months, some people say they plan to wait to get the new booster in order to have maximum protection when the risk of infection is higher. “You can make a rational argument to wait until case rates are higher,” says Wachter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re trying to time it for the period of highest risk, he says, there are likely to be a ton more cases in December and January than there are in September and October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Wachter says, this strategy is a bit like trying to time the stock market. It’s hard to predict exactly when the surge will happen, so there’s a risk in waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are basically accepting a period of vulnerability that you don’t need to have,” he says. “And as I weigh all that, my thinking is I’d rather not do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another argument against waiting is that the protection from a booster shot is not instantaneous. “It does take a few weeks for our immune systems to be primed,” says Dr.\u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.uchicagomedicine.org/find-a-physician/physician/aniruddha-hazra__;!!Iwwt!QCe1cWy_YhUDgnuDftP6iGGwaah9fb9DnvhKVF4Ri-DsrpJ9jWkoH2X0MhEcTJo3dvAgg1c89utMauhjaHdhltgO6rTqQQ%24\"> Aniruddha Hazra\u003c/a>, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Chicago. He says it could be risky to wait until a surge is already underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hazra points out the vaccines can activate our immune systems in a few ways. Immune cells, known as B cells, help produce antibodies that fight off the virus in the short-term. Research shows COVID vaccines boost antibodies for several months, but then they begin to fade. After that, B cells and another type of immune cell, known as T cells, which can destroy infected cells, stick around to\u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/covid-19-immune-response-improves-months-after-vaccination#:~:text=Vaccines%20activate%20your%20body's%20disease,cells%2C%20which%20destroy%20infected%20cells.\"> build a deeper immunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this deeper immunity was triggered and primed from the initial vaccines, so everyone who’s been vaccinated should have some protection against COVID But given the omicron subvariants circulating now are so different. “This [new] booster will definitely provide you with higher levels of antibodies, which are short term and short lived. It may also provide more deep-seated immunity,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the new booster shots prevent COVID infections completely?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. There’s lots of enthusiasm for the updated boosters, but they are not a magic bullet\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As SARS-CoV-2 has evolved, it’s become more transmissible, which is why delta and omicron led to such large surges, despite widespread vaccination in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal of this vaccine is to prevent severe illness,” says\u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\"> Paul Offit, director \u003c/a>of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. He argues that many people who’ve already received three doses of vaccine remain well protected, so he doesn’t see a clear benefit to giving the new boosters to everyone 12 and up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#covidnet-hospitalizations-vaccination\">to CDC data,\u003c/a> people who have had one or two boosters have a 0.024% chance of being hospitalized with COVID-19. For people under 50, it’s even lower — 0.014%\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit agrees that certain groups should receive the new booster including elderly adults, people who are immunocompromised and those with chronic conditions that put them \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\">at higher risk of serious illness.\u003c/a> But he questions the value of another booster for healthy, younger people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit says he had a mild infection in May that lasted a few days. He’s decided against getting the new booster. “I think I’m protected against serious disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new boosters offer a few months’ protection against infection, he says, but there’s no clear evidence of benefit beyond that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Omicron+boosters%3A+Do+I+need+one%2C+and+if+so%2C+when%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Democrats Pass Far-Reaching Climate Package in Final Days of Legislative Session",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tougher clean energy goals, a ban on new oil and gas wells near homes and schools, and guidelines for capturing carbon and storing it underground are among the climate proposals California Democrats advanced in the final days of the legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, along with tens of billions in budget money for climate proposals, the policies marked one of the state’s most groundbreaking years for climate action, some advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a watershed year on climate action,” said Mary Creasman, chief executive officer for California Environmental Voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1977314']Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom in August delivered to lawmakers a slate of climate proposals, some of which lawmakers had been pushing unsuccessfully for years. All but one, a proposal that would have required deeper greenhouse gas emissions cuts by 2030, will now head to his desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, legislative Republicans argued the bills would destroy in-state jobs and require the state to turn to foreign countries to import oil to maintain an economy that still relies heavily on fossil fuels. Democrats, meanwhile, said the urgency of climate change requires swifter, more aggressive action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at some of the key measures:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Neighborhood drilling\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas companies would no longer be able to drill wells within 3,200 feet of homes, schools and other community sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2.7 million Californians live within that distance of a well already, according to state Sen. Lena Gonzalez, one of the bill’s authors. Studies show living near a drilling site can elevate the risk of birth defects, respiratory issues and health problems. Neighborhood oil wells are common across parts of Los Angeles County and Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1975573']The legislation wouldn’t shut down the more than 28,000 existing wells in that zone, but would require them to meet strict pollution controls. Those wells would also be barred from most permits to deepen or rework the wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State oil regulators announced a similar policy in 2021, though it has not yet been finalized. Supporters of the policy believed passing the law was the quickest path forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a victory for every single family and every single frontline community in California that has been fighting Big Oil’s drilling in our backyards for decades and pushing for setbacks for years,” Kobi Naseck, coalition coordinator for Voices in Solidarity Against Oil in Neighborhoods, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the seventh-largest oil-producing state and ranks 14th for natural gas production. Republican state Sen. Shannon Grove of Bakersfield, which is one of the state’s oil hubs, said the proposal would affect thousands of wells in her district and do nothing to reduce a need for oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t change the fact that Californians are still using oil every single day to make their lives more convenient and better,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Renewable energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already mandated that 100% of retail electricity sales will come from non-carbon energy sources like solar and wind power by 2045. Current law sets an interim goal of 60% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers have now boosted that to 90% by 2030 and 95% by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action comes as California is struggling to keep its power grid stable as the state transitions away from fossil fuels and record temperatures blanket the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more aggressive 2030 targets will put even more pressure on the state to build more solar panels, wind turbines and batteries that can store that power for use at night. At the same time, electricity demand is expected to soar as California tries to get more people to swap out gas-powered cars and home appliances for electric ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_790769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-790769\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The steel green Pacific Ocean crashes against cliffs in front of a nuclear power plant. The round gray towers of the plant rise in the middle of the photo behind a long, low reddish building with narrow vertical windows. To the right are several white buildings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-1440x961.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of the Diablo Canyon Power Plant, which sits on the edge of the Pacific Ocean at Avila Beach in San Luis Obispo County, \u003ccite>(Mark Ralston/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also agreed to a policy aimed at extending the life of Diablo Canyon Power Plant, the state’s last nuclear power plant, to help stabilize the energy grid. But nuclear power does not count as an eligible non-carbon source to meet the state’s clean electricity goals; solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, small hydropower and fuel cells count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, speaking Wednesday, acknowledged the challenges of having enough energy to meet demand during heat waves made worse by climate change. But he said that will only accelerate California’s push to build a cleaner energy grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t think for a second … that we’re going to deescalate our commitment to that transition,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Carbon neutrality\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Former California Gov. Jerry Brown signed an executive order in 2018 calling for the state to be carbon neutral by 2045, meaning any carbon that it emits is offset by removing a similar amount from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='For Teachers and Students' link1='https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/18,Is a Carbon Tax the Best Way to Slow Climate Change?']Legislators on Wednesday voted to turn that goal into a law and require an 85% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions along with it. The second part is designed to ensure that the carbon neutrality is mostly achieved by lowering emissions, not taking carbon out of the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmental groups are skeptical that carbon capture is a reliable and safe technology and worry it will be used to let oil companies keep emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill passed by the Legislature requires the state air board to create a permitting process for for such projects. It bans the technology from being used to extract more oil.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at some of the key measures:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Neighborhood drilling\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas companies would no longer be able to drill wells within 3,200 feet of homes, schools and other community sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2.7 million Californians live within that distance of a well already, according to state Sen. Lena Gonzalez, one of the bill’s authors. Studies show living near a drilling site can elevate the risk of birth defects, respiratory issues and health problems. Neighborhood oil wells are common across parts of Los Angeles County and Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The legislation wouldn’t shut down the more than 28,000 existing wells in that zone, but would require them to meet strict pollution controls. Those wells would also be barred from most permits to deepen or rework the wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State oil regulators announced a similar policy in 2021, though it has not yet been finalized. Supporters of the policy believed passing the law was the quickest path forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a victory for every single family and every single frontline community in California that has been fighting Big Oil’s drilling in our backyards for decades and pushing for setbacks for years,” Kobi Naseck, coalition coordinator for Voices in Solidarity Against Oil in Neighborhoods, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the seventh-largest oil-producing state and ranks 14th for natural gas production. Republican state Sen. Shannon Grove of Bakersfield, which is one of the state’s oil hubs, said the proposal would affect thousands of wells in her district and do nothing to reduce a need for oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t change the fact that Californians are still using oil every single day to make their lives more convenient and better,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Renewable energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California has already mandated that 100% of retail electricity sales will come from non-carbon energy sources like solar and wind power by 2045. Current law sets an interim goal of 60% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers have now boosted that to 90% by 2030 and 95% by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action comes as California is struggling to keep its power grid stable as the state transitions away from fossil fuels and record temperatures blanket the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more aggressive 2030 targets will put even more pressure on the state to build more solar panels, wind turbines and batteries that can store that power for use at night. At the same time, electricity demand is expected to soar as California tries to get more people to swap out gas-powered cars and home appliances for electric ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_790769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-790769\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The steel green Pacific Ocean crashes against cliffs in front of a nuclear power plant. The round gray towers of the plant rise in the middle of the photo behind a long, low reddish building with narrow vertical windows. To the right are several white buildings.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-1440x961.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/diablocanyon-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of the Diablo Canyon Power Plant, which sits on the edge of the Pacific Ocean at Avila Beach in San Luis Obispo County, \u003ccite>(Mark Ralston/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also agreed to a policy aimed at extending the life of Diablo Canyon Power Plant, the state’s last nuclear power plant, to help stabilize the energy grid. But nuclear power does not count as an eligible non-carbon source to meet the state’s clean electricity goals; solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, small hydropower and fuel cells count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, speaking Wednesday, acknowledged the challenges of having enough energy to meet demand during heat waves made worse by climate change. But he said that will only accelerate California’s push to build a cleaner energy grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t think for a second … that we’re going to deescalate our commitment to that transition,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Carbon neutrality\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Former California Gov. Jerry Brown signed an executive order in 2018 calling for the state to be carbon neutral by 2045, meaning any carbon that it emits is offset by removing a similar amount from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Legislators on Wednesday voted to turn that goal into a law and require an 85% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions along with it. The second part is designed to ensure that the carbon neutrality is mostly achieved by lowering emissions, not taking carbon out of the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmental groups are skeptical that carbon capture is a reliable and safe technology and worry it will be used to let oil companies keep emitting fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill passed by the Legislature requires the state air board to create a permitting process for for such projects. It bans the technology from being used to extract more oil.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Data centers are springing up around the world to handle the torrent of information from the expanding web of devices ingrained in people’s lives and the economy. Managing that digital information gusher is big business. It also comes with hidden environmental costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, companies that operate data centers have faced scrutiny for the huge amounts of electricity they use storing and moving digital information like emails and videos. Now, the U.S. public is beginning to take notice of the water many facilities require to keep from overheating. Like cooling systems in large office buildings, water often is evaporated in data center cooling towers, leaving behind salty wastewater known as blowdown that has to be treated by local utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reliance on water poses a growing risk to data centers, as computing needs skyrocket at the same time that climate change exacerbates drought. About 20% of data centers in the United States already rely on watersheds that are under moderate to high stress from drought and other factors, according to \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abfba1\">a paper co-authored last year\u003c/a> by Arman Shehabi, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet relatively few companies have been willing to talk about the issue publicly because of the still-limited attention it gets. Sustainalytics, which assesses risks related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sustainalytics.com/esg-research/resource/investors-esg-blog/esg-risks-affecting-data-centers-why-water-resource-use-matters-to-investors\">recently said it looked at 122 companies\u003c/a> that operate data centers and found just 16% had disclosed information about their plans for managing water-related risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason there’s not a lot of transparency, simply put, [is] I think most companies don’t have a good story here,” says Kyle Myers, a vice president at CyrusOne, a data center company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge comes down to a basic tradeoff companies face in trying to keep data centers cool, Myers says. They can either consume less water and use more electricity. Or they can use less energy and consume more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water is super cheap,” Myers says. “And so people make the financial decision that it makes sense to consume water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to their own cooling needs, data centers rely on power plants that often require a lot of water to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Pushback is already emerging\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the United States, there are about 2,600 data centers, many of which are clustered around Dallas, the San Francisco Bay area and Los Angeles, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/ebot_data_centers_around_the_world.pdf\">2021 report\u003c/a> by the U.S. International Trade Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, a mid-sized data center consumes around 300,000 gallons of water a day, or about as much as 1,000 U.S. households, says Shehabi of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Their direct, on-site consumption ranks data centers among the top 10 water users in America’s industrial and commercial sectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is “front and center on [the industry’s] radar, for sure,” says Todd Reeve, CEO of Business for Water Stewardship, which works with companies on water issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, some data center companies have faced opposition from communities and water conservationists. In 2015, the city of Chandler, Ariz., \u003ca href=\"https://morrisoninstitute.asu.edu/content/city-chandler-adopts-new-water-ordinance#:~:text=On%20May%2028%2C%202015%2C%20the,on%20a%20three%2Dtier%20basis.\">passed an ordinance\u003c/a> allowing officials to turn down requests for new water uses if they are not aligned with the city’s plan for economic development. And in 2019, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/google-agrees-to-limit-groundwater-use-from-s-c-aquifer/\">agreed to limit its use of groundwater\u003c/a> in South Carolina after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.postandcourier.com/news/google-s-controversial-groundwater-withdrawal-sparks-question-of-who-owns/article_bed9179c-1baa-11e7-983e-03d6b33a01e7.html\">two-year fight\u003c/a> with local groups that had raised concerns that aquifers were being depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies “are developing tactics and strategies, in some cases changing their ideas and their plans for where they will operate or where they will construct data centers, in large part because of the emerging water issues,” Reeve says. However, many companies won’t talk about their activities, he says, in part because “this is a new and upcoming issue, [and] our knowledge of water stress is evolving very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Companies say they’re looking for solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The impacts of worsening drought are being felt throughout the global economy. Rivers that serve as crucial trade routes in Europe are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/17/1117861780/germany-rhine-low-water-level-shipping\">running low\u003c/a>. Factories in China \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/19/1118369938/the-yangtze-river-is-shrinking-as-drought-disrupts-the-worlds-no-2-economy\">have closed\u003c/a> to save water and electricity. And American industries that rely on water from the Colorado River \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/26/1118719636/drought-threatens-coal-plant-operations-and-electricity-across-the-west\">could see their supplies shut off\u003c/a> amidst a decades-long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which sector is going to get the water? How [is] water going to be prioritized? So, these are the types of considerations, I believe, that will be important to consider more and more in the future,” says Kata Molnar, a water expert at Sustainalytics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those in the data center industry willing to speak out are some of the world’s biggest tech companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/replenishing-water/?_ga=2.140272307.1460901017.1631498684-1474825438.1628277680\">Google\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/09/21/microsoft-will-replenish-more-water-than-it-consumes-by-2030/\">Microsoft\u003c/a> and Facebook parent \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2021/08/restoring-water/\">Meta\u003c/a> have all said they will replenish more water than they consume by 2030. Approaches being considered include working with local water utilities, better recycling of water data centers use and less water-intensive cooling methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Minimizing our water use, being transparent with our water data, and restoring water in high water stress regions are key pillars of our water stewardship program,” Meta said in a statement. The company says most of its data centers reduce water consumption by using outdoor air for cooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to using new technology, some experts have said companies can reduce their environmental footprint by building data centers in places with plenty of water. For now, however, real estate decisions appear to be primarily dictated by where customers are located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we’re siting, we look at the availability of power and we look at water,” says Myers of CyrusOne. “But I don’t think we’re close to a world where we’re just going to set up in an area that doesn’t have a natural [business] advantage for data centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as that’s the case, the industry will have to innovate its way out of a problem that is only getting worse. In the next decade, Myers says, “water is going to be king.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reeve of the Business for Water Stewardship insists companies are preparing accordingly, albeit behind the scenes in many cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think there’s more than just what meets the eye,” Reeve says. “There’s a lot of innovation in there that just is not fully disclosed or available to the public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Data+centers%2C+backbone+of+the+digital+economy%2C+face+water+scarcity+and+climate+risk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Data centers are springing up around the world to handle the torrent of information from the expanding web of devices ingrained in people’s lives and the economy. Managing that digital information gusher is big business. It also comes with hidden environmental costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, companies that operate data centers have faced scrutiny for the huge amounts of electricity they use storing and moving digital information like emails and videos. Now, the U.S. public is beginning to take notice of the water many facilities require to keep from overheating. Like cooling systems in large office buildings, water often is evaporated in data center cooling towers, leaving behind salty wastewater known as blowdown that has to be treated by local utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That reliance on water poses a growing risk to data centers, as computing needs skyrocket at the same time that climate change exacerbates drought. About 20% of data centers in the United States already rely on watersheds that are under moderate to high stress from drought and other factors, according to \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abfba1\">a paper co-authored last year\u003c/a> by Arman Shehabi, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet relatively few companies have been willing to talk about the issue publicly because of the still-limited attention it gets. Sustainalytics, which assesses risks related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sustainalytics.com/esg-research/resource/investors-esg-blog/esg-risks-affecting-data-centers-why-water-resource-use-matters-to-investors\">recently said it looked at 122 companies\u003c/a> that operate data centers and found just 16% had disclosed information about their plans for managing water-related risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason there’s not a lot of transparency, simply put, [is] I think most companies don’t have a good story here,” says Kyle Myers, a vice president at CyrusOne, a data center company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge comes down to a basic tradeoff companies face in trying to keep data centers cool, Myers says. They can either consume less water and use more electricity. Or they can use less energy and consume more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water is super cheap,” Myers says. “And so people make the financial decision that it makes sense to consume water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to their own cooling needs, data centers rely on power plants that often require a lot of water to operate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Pushback is already emerging\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the United States, there are about 2,600 data centers, many of which are clustered around Dallas, the San Francisco Bay area and Los Angeles, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/ebot_data_centers_around_the_world.pdf\">2021 report\u003c/a> by the U.S. International Trade Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, a mid-sized data center consumes around 300,000 gallons of water a day, or about as much as 1,000 U.S. households, says Shehabi of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Their direct, on-site consumption ranks data centers among the top 10 water users in America’s industrial and commercial sectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is “front and center on [the industry’s] radar, for sure,” says Todd Reeve, CEO of Business for Water Stewardship, which works with companies on water issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, some data center companies have faced opposition from communities and water conservationists. In 2015, the city of Chandler, Ariz., \u003ca href=\"https://morrisoninstitute.asu.edu/content/city-chandler-adopts-new-water-ordinance#:~:text=On%20May%2028%2C%202015%2C%20the,on%20a%20three%2Dtier%20basis.\">passed an ordinance\u003c/a> allowing officials to turn down requests for new water uses if they are not aligned with the city’s plan for economic development. And in 2019, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/google-agrees-to-limit-groundwater-use-from-s-c-aquifer/\">agreed to limit its use of groundwater\u003c/a> in South Carolina after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.postandcourier.com/news/google-s-controversial-groundwater-withdrawal-sparks-question-of-who-owns/article_bed9179c-1baa-11e7-983e-03d6b33a01e7.html\">two-year fight\u003c/a> with local groups that had raised concerns that aquifers were being depleted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies “are developing tactics and strategies, in some cases changing their ideas and their plans for where they will operate or where they will construct data centers, in large part because of the emerging water issues,” Reeve says. However, many companies won’t talk about their activities, he says, in part because “this is a new and upcoming issue, [and] our knowledge of water stress is evolving very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Companies say they’re looking for solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The impacts of worsening drought are being felt throughout the global economy. Rivers that serve as crucial trade routes in Europe are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/17/1117861780/germany-rhine-low-water-level-shipping\">running low\u003c/a>. Factories in China \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/19/1118369938/the-yangtze-river-is-shrinking-as-drought-disrupts-the-worlds-no-2-economy\">have closed\u003c/a> to save water and electricity. And American industries that rely on water from the Colorado River \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/26/1118719636/drought-threatens-coal-plant-operations-and-electricity-across-the-west\">could see their supplies shut off\u003c/a> amidst a decades-long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which sector is going to get the water? How [is] water going to be prioritized? So, these are the types of considerations, I believe, that will be important to consider more and more in the future,” says Kata Molnar, a water expert at Sustainalytics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those in the data center industry willing to speak out are some of the world’s biggest tech companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/replenishing-water/?_ga=2.140272307.1460901017.1631498684-1474825438.1628277680\">Google\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/09/21/microsoft-will-replenish-more-water-than-it-consumes-by-2030/\">Microsoft\u003c/a> and Facebook parent \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2021/08/restoring-water/\">Meta\u003c/a> have all said they will replenish more water than they consume by 2030. Approaches being considered include working with local water utilities, better recycling of water data centers use and less water-intensive cooling methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Minimizing our water use, being transparent with our water data, and restoring water in high water stress regions are key pillars of our water stewardship program,” Meta said in a statement. The company says most of its data centers reduce water consumption by using outdoor air for cooling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to using new technology, some experts have said companies can reduce their environmental footprint by building data centers in places with plenty of water. For now, however, real estate decisions appear to be primarily dictated by where customers are located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we’re siting, we look at the availability of power and we look at water,” says Myers of CyrusOne. “But I don’t think we’re close to a world where we’re just going to set up in an area that doesn’t have a natural [business] advantage for data centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as that’s the case, the industry will have to innovate its way out of a problem that is only getting worse. In the next decade, Myers says, “water is going to be king.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reeve of the Business for Water Stewardship insists companies are preparing accordingly, albeit behind the scenes in many cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">A fuel leak and then an engine problem during final liftoff preparations led NASA to scrub the launch of its mighty new moon rocket Monday morning on a shakedown flight with three test dummies aboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The next launch attempt will not take place until Friday at the earliest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">As precious minutes ticked away, NASA repeatedly stopped and started the fueling of the Space Launch System rocket with nearly 1 million gallons of super-cold hydrogen and oxygen because of a leak of highly explosive hydrogen in the same place that saw seepage during a dress rehearsal back in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Then, NASA ran into new trouble when it was unable to properly chill one of the rocket’s four main engines, officials said. Engineers continued working to gather data and pinpoint the source of the problem after the launch postponement was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The rocket was set to lift off on a mission to put a crew capsule into orbit around the moon. The launch represents a milestone in America’s quest to put astronauts back on the lunar surface for the first time since the Apollo program ended 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC6Ghgw6td8&t=11s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 322-foot spaceship is the most powerful rocket ever built by NASA, out-muscling even the Saturn V that took the Apollo astronauts to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">As for when NASA might make another launch attempt, launch commentator Derrol Nail said the problem was still being analyzed and “we must wait to see what shakes out from their test data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">No astronauts were inside the rocket’s Orion capsule. Instead, the test dummies, fitted with sensors to measure vibration, cosmic radiation and other conditions, were strapped in for the six-week mission, scheduled to end with the capsule’s splashdown in the Pacific Ocean in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Even though no one was on board, thousands of people jammed the coast to see the rocket soar. Vice President Kamala Harris was expected among the VIPs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The launch, when it happens, will be the first flight in NASA’s 21st-century moon-exploration program, named Artemis after Apollo’s mythological twin sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Assuming the test goes well, astronauts will climb aboard for the second flight and fly around the moon and back as soon as 2024. A two-person lunar landing could follow by the end of 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The problems seen Monday were reminiscent of NASA’s space shuttle era, when hydrogen fuel leaks disrupted countdowns and delayed a string of launches back in 1990.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Later in the morning, NASA officials also spotted what they feared was a crack or some other defect on the core stage — the big orange fuel tank with four main engines on it — but later said it appeared to be just a buildup of frost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Launch director Charlie Blackwell-Thompson and her team also had to deal with a communication problem involving the Orion capsule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Engineers scrambled to understand an 11-minute delay in the communication lines between launch control and Orion that cropped up late Sunday. Though the problem had cleared by Monday morning, NASA needed to know why it happened before committing to a launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">A fuel leak and then an engine problem during final liftoff preparations led NASA to scrub the launch of its mighty new moon rocket Monday morning on a shakedown flight with three test dummies aboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The next launch attempt will not take place until Friday at the earliest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">As precious minutes ticked away, NASA repeatedly stopped and started the fueling of the Space Launch System rocket with nearly 1 million gallons of super-cold hydrogen and oxygen because of a leak of highly explosive hydrogen in the same place that saw seepage during a dress rehearsal back in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Then, NASA ran into new trouble when it was unable to properly chill one of the rocket’s four main engines, officials said. Engineers continued working to gather data and pinpoint the source of the problem after the launch postponement was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The rocket was set to lift off on a mission to put a crew capsule into orbit around the moon. The launch represents a milestone in America’s quest to put astronauts back on the lunar surface for the first time since the Apollo program ended 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/uC6Ghgw6td8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/uC6Ghgw6td8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The 322-foot spaceship is the most powerful rocket ever built by NASA, out-muscling even the Saturn V that took the Apollo astronauts to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">As for when NASA might make another launch attempt, launch commentator Derrol Nail said the problem was still being analyzed and “we must wait to see what shakes out from their test data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">No astronauts were inside the rocket’s Orion capsule. Instead, the test dummies, fitted with sensors to measure vibration, cosmic radiation and other conditions, were strapped in for the six-week mission, scheduled to end with the capsule’s splashdown in the Pacific Ocean in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">Even though no one was on board, thousands of people jammed the coast to see the rocket soar. Vice President Kamala Harris was expected among the VIPs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-339 Component-p-0-2-329\">The launch, when it happens, will be the first flight in NASA’s 21st-century moon-exploration program, named Artemis after Apollo’s mythological twin sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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