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"title": "New Sensor Promises Assessment of Which Buildings Are Safe After Quake",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than a quarter century ago, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/10084/24-years-later-the-legacy-of-loma-prieta-lives-on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta\u003c/a> earthquake tore across the Bay Area landscape. The quake ruptured the Bay Bridge and ripped through buildings, killing 63 people and injuring over 3,000. More than 11,000 homes were destroyed, with over 12,000 people left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, city managers scrambled to inspect all the damaged buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bad as that was, it’s far less damage than what could happen to the Bay Area from an earthquake on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/13923/interactive-earthquake-map-get-to-know-your-neighborhood-fault-lines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Faul\u003c/a>t, says David McCallen, a senior scientist with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says\u003c/a> the fault, which runs for 70 miles through the middle of the urban East Bay, is “a tectonic time bomb.” Scientists have calculated about a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 percent chance\u003c/a> that the Hayward will “break big,” causing a quake of magnitude 6.7 or higher, within 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be literally hundreds to thousands of buildings that will be impacted by that earthquake,” McCallen said, “and the ability for us to recover from that is going to be a tremendous effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCallen says he has technology that can provide city engineers with a rapid response tool to speed up the evaluation of buildings and help them determine which ones are safe to occupy after a major shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s developed an optical sensor (remember laser pointers?) that can be installed in each floor of a skyscraper, hospital or any other building. The sensors can capture information about their structural integriy and can immediately alert managers about any serious damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors send information over the internet or cell networks to emergency response centers, and if all communications are down, they can communicate via satellite phones. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that emergency responders can know in real time which buildings are unsafe. “This technology will give engineers a tremendous leg up in being able to understand whether that building has been damaged,” McCallen said. “They will know immediately, floor-by-floor, the likelihood of that building being damaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944877 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1041\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x208.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x999.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x1327.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-922x1200.png 922w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x2498.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek.png 1574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Historically, scientists have used an accelerometer to measure how buildings respond to earthquakes. It’s a small mechanical vibrating device that measures accelerations in the back-and-forth movement of a building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McCallen said the accelerometers cannot measure the vertical displacement of floors inside a building. Plus, they are costly and not widely used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors allow researchers to measure how two floors move relative to each other, and to detect any stress in the beams and columns of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a whole new paradigm that allows us to measure that drift between floors directly,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944876 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x99.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x474.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x629.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1200x740.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x1184.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While McCallen successfully deployed the sensors using a scale model and a shake table at a laboratory at the University of Nevada, the technology must be tested in an actual earthquake on an actual building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few months, he will install sensors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Wang Hall, a building close to the Hayward Fault that houses the research institution’s supercomputer, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cori\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s relatively easy to install the sensors in new buildings, finding surfaces in existing buildings can be challenging, as the sensors require a direct line of sight from floor to floor, making a retrofit potentially difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we validate the field performance of these things, then I think we really want to find people that have critical facilities that want to have this technology available,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than a quarter century ago, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/10084/24-years-later-the-legacy-of-loma-prieta-lives-on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta\u003c/a> earthquake tore across the Bay Area landscape. The quake ruptured the Bay Bridge and ripped through buildings, killing 63 people and injuring over 3,000. More than 11,000 homes were destroyed, with over 12,000 people left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, city managers scrambled to inspect all the damaged buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bad as that was, it’s far less damage than what could happen to the Bay Area from an earthquake on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/13923/interactive-earthquake-map-get-to-know-your-neighborhood-fault-lines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Faul\u003c/a>t, says David McCallen, a senior scientist with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says\u003c/a> the fault, which runs for 70 miles through the middle of the urban East Bay, is “a tectonic time bomb.” Scientists have calculated about a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 percent chance\u003c/a> that the Hayward will “break big,” causing a quake of magnitude 6.7 or higher, within 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be literally hundreds to thousands of buildings that will be impacted by that earthquake,” McCallen said, “and the ability for us to recover from that is going to be a tremendous effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCallen says he has technology that can provide city engineers with a rapid response tool to speed up the evaluation of buildings and help them determine which ones are safe to occupy after a major shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s developed an optical sensor (remember laser pointers?) that can be installed in each floor of a skyscraper, hospital or any other building. The sensors can capture information about their structural integriy and can immediately alert managers about any serious damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors send information over the internet or cell networks to emergency response centers, and if all communications are down, they can communicate via satellite phones. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that emergency responders can know in real time which buildings are unsafe. “This technology will give engineers a tremendous leg up in being able to understand whether that building has been damaged,” McCallen said. “They will know immediately, floor-by-floor, the likelihood of that building being damaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944877 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1041\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x208.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x999.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x1327.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-922x1200.png 922w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x2498.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek.png 1574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Historically, scientists have used an accelerometer to measure how buildings respond to earthquakes. It’s a small mechanical vibrating device that measures accelerations in the back-and-forth movement of a building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McCallen said the accelerometers cannot measure the vertical displacement of floors inside a building. Plus, they are costly and not widely used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors allow researchers to measure how two floors move relative to each other, and to detect any stress in the beams and columns of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a whole new paradigm that allows us to measure that drift between floors directly,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944876 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x99.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x474.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x629.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1200x740.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x1184.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While McCallen successfully deployed the sensors using a scale model and a shake table at a laboratory at the University of Nevada, the technology must be tested in an actual earthquake on an actual building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few months, he will install sensors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Wang Hall, a building close to the Hayward Fault that houses the research institution’s supercomputer, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cori\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s relatively easy to install the sensors in new buildings, finding surfaces in existing buildings can be challenging, as the sensors require a direct line of sight from floor to floor, making a retrofit potentially difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we validate the field performance of these things, then I think we really want to find people that have critical facilities that want to have this technology available,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "For Devastating Bat Fungus, Potential Treatments But No Easy Solution",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last week, state scientists announced they had\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944647/fungus-thats-killed-millions-of-bats-detected-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">discovered\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the first time in California an invasive fungus that causes a disease responsible for the death of over 6 million North American bats.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" citation=\"Winifred Frick, Bat Conservation International\"]‘The early signs of the fungus showing up is a clear harbinger of doom.’[/pullquote]\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cold-thriving fungus, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudogymnoascus destructans, was found\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in samples collected from four little brown bats, which is the name of the species, in Plumas County near Lassen Volcanic National Park.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scott Osborn, a senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, is leading a multiagency effort to detect and contain the disease, called white-nose syndrome.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But he says eradication isn’t an option yet, and there is no one solution to protect bats scattered across Northern California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fungus is here and it’s more than likely going to spread,” Osborn said.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s our ardent wish to minimize the impact of the disease. But at this point, I can’t say that we’re going to really try to prevent it from occurring. I don’t think we can claim to have the power to do that.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the fungus was detected in low levels in the California bats, that is often the first indication they will contract the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The early signs of the fungus showing up is a clear harbinger of doom,” said Winifred Frick, a chief scientist with Bat Conservation International. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.1706#ecy1706-fig-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Frick led of the disease’s progression in bat colonies in the Northeast, entire roosts of little brown bats became infected within two years of the fungus’ detection. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“In those situations, anything you could do to buy more time or potentially allow species to persist on the landscape, even if it is at a small subset of sites where they used to occur, that’s prevention of a species extinction, and in my view is worth it,” Frick said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">White-nose syndrome, so-called because of the discoloration the fungus causes on bats’ noses, was first discovered in New York in 2006. The fungus eats away at their skin and causes lesions, awakening the animals from their winter hibernation. Fastidious groomers, afflicted bats consume all of their fat stores by cleaning themselves, depleting them of needed energy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Northeast, thousands of dead bats have been found in and around caves and mines, the disease wiping out virtually whole colonies in some areas. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osborn’s team is expanding bat surveillance, especially in the Sierra Nevada and other high-elevation places in Northern California that experience cold winters. With an accurate count of bats, researchers can identify if the population dips, a sign that the disease has begun its onslaught.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While bats in the northeast roost in large colonies of thousands or tens of thousands, Western bats, including the little brown bat, have been observed roosting in smaller, more dispersed groups. Researchers still don’t know where California bats spend the winter or how many bats are typically in these roosts. Where exactly they live is one question that Osborn’s team hopes to answer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Potential Treatments\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatments do exist for combatting the fungus and the disease it causes. For example, one\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02441-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in the journal \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that the fungus \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is easily killed by ultraviolet light. Another\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45453-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the same journal found that a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">probioti\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c treatment could slow the decline in bat colonies where the disease is present.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there’s emerging\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43210-w.epdf?author_access_token=yYj1JPVPb57Qn1b27l1gy9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OVAcG24o0yW14y6fzrEUBTNS5AIEw_OIsHGnhudyBhFaY39eQpnFMBLKgHhABLnx-MOkSKlLbpDAd7eHBCda05tO_4HClmbZQ-QWr5z8N_rg%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into a potential oral vaccine, which could be administered by a topical cream or spray. Bronwyn Hogan, a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, says the treatment is promising because bats are constantly grooming and cleaning their fur.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hogan says wildlife managers may respond with a variety of these treatments, depending on the place and circumstances, but they need to be careful not to cause collateral damage, especially inside caves, which have delicate ecosystems. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“There is no ‘silver bullet,’” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife officials are enlisting the help of the public, asking them to report any sightings of dead bats or bats that are active in cold places during the winter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pat Seiser, the chief physical scientist for Lava Beds National Monument, said news of the fungus is spreading among cavers, too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We’re actively getting the message out to decontaminate gear and use dedicated equipment within the caving community,” said Seiser.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of the 25 different species of bats in California, there are six that have carried white-nose syndrome in other states, including the little brown bat. The others are the big brown bat, cave bat, long-legged bat, western long-eared bat and yuma bat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another four species present in California tested positive for the fungus but have not, so far, shown signs of the disease. These are the Mexican free-tailed bat, Townsend’s big-eared bat, the silver-haired bat, and Western small-footed bat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biologists were able to detect the fungus in very low levels by using a polymerase chain reaction, a common molecular biology technique that uses enzymes to unzip DNA and replicate it with RNA. With this technique, scientists can rapidly synthesize and amplify even tiny bits of genetic material. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are holding onto the hope, however slim, that the disease won’t take hold here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I’d be really happy if the disease actually doesn’t show up,” Osborn said. “The next couple of years are going to be very interesting to see what actually happens here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bats are important for ecosystems because they consume mosquitoes, bugs and pests that damage food growing on farms. Bats save farmers and land managers $3.7 billion in pest management costs annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/41.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a> of their economic impact from 2011\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cold-thriving fungus, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudogymnoascus destructans, was found\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in samples collected from four little brown bats, which is the name of the species, in Plumas County near Lassen Volcanic National Park.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scott Osborn, a senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, is leading a multiagency effort to detect and contain the disease, called white-nose syndrome.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But he says eradication isn’t an option yet, and there is no one solution to protect bats scattered across Northern California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fungus is here and it’s more than likely going to spread,” Osborn said.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s our ardent wish to minimize the impact of the disease. But at this point, I can’t say that we’re going to really try to prevent it from occurring. I don’t think we can claim to have the power to do that.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the fungus was detected in low levels in the California bats, that is often the first indication they will contract the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The early signs of the fungus showing up is a clear harbinger of doom,” said Winifred Frick, a chief scientist with Bat Conservation International. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.1706#ecy1706-fig-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Frick led of the disease’s progression in bat colonies in the Northeast, entire roosts of little brown bats became infected within two years of the fungus’ detection. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“In those situations, anything you could do to buy more time or potentially allow species to persist on the landscape, even if it is at a small subset of sites where they used to occur, that’s prevention of a species extinction, and in my view is worth it,” Frick said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">White-nose syndrome, so-called because of the discoloration the fungus causes on bats’ noses, was first discovered in New York in 2006. The fungus eats away at their skin and causes lesions, awakening the animals from their winter hibernation. Fastidious groomers, afflicted bats consume all of their fat stores by cleaning themselves, depleting them of needed energy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Northeast, thousands of dead bats have been found in and around caves and mines, the disease wiping out virtually whole colonies in some areas. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osborn’s team is expanding bat surveillance, especially in the Sierra Nevada and other high-elevation places in Northern California that experience cold winters. With an accurate count of bats, researchers can identify if the population dips, a sign that the disease has begun its onslaught.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While bats in the northeast roost in large colonies of thousands or tens of thousands, Western bats, including the little brown bat, have been observed roosting in smaller, more dispersed groups. Researchers still don’t know where California bats spend the winter or how many bats are typically in these roosts. Where exactly they live is one question that Osborn’s team hopes to answer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Potential Treatments\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatments do exist for combatting the fungus and the disease it causes. For example, one\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02441-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published in the journal \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that the fungus \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is easily killed by ultraviolet light. Another\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45453-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the same journal found that a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">probioti\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c treatment could slow the decline in bat colonies where the disease is present.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there’s emerging\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43210-w.epdf?author_access_token=yYj1JPVPb57Qn1b27l1gy9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OVAcG24o0yW14y6fzrEUBTNS5AIEw_OIsHGnhudyBhFaY39eQpnFMBLKgHhABLnx-MOkSKlLbpDAd7eHBCda05tO_4HClmbZQ-QWr5z8N_rg%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into a potential oral vaccine, which could be administered by a topical cream or spray. Bronwyn Hogan, a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, says the treatment is promising because bats are constantly grooming and cleaning their fur.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hogan says wildlife managers may respond with a variety of these treatments, depending on the place and circumstances, but they need to be careful not to cause collateral damage, especially inside caves, which have delicate ecosystems. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“There is no ‘silver bullet,’” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife officials are enlisting the help of the public, asking them to report any sightings of dead bats or bats that are active in cold places during the winter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pat Seiser, the chief physical scientist for Lava Beds National Monument, said news of the fungus is spreading among cavers, too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We’re actively getting the message out to decontaminate gear and use dedicated equipment within the caving community,” said Seiser.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of the 25 different species of bats in California, there are six that have carried white-nose syndrome in other states, including the little brown bat. The others are the big brown bat, cave bat, long-legged bat, western long-eared bat and yuma bat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another four species present in California tested positive for the fungus but have not, so far, shown signs of the disease. These are the Mexican free-tailed bat, Townsend’s big-eared bat, the silver-haired bat, and Western small-footed bat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biologists were able to detect the fungus in very low levels by using a polymerase chain reaction, a common molecular biology technique that uses enzymes to unzip DNA and replicate it with RNA. With this technique, scientists can rapidly synthesize and amplify even tiny bits of genetic material. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are holding onto the hope, however slim, that the disease won’t take hold here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I’d be really happy if the disease actually doesn’t show up,” Osborn said. “The next couple of years are going to be very interesting to see what actually happens here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bats are important for ecosystems because they consume mosquitoes, bugs and pests that damage food growing on farms. Bats save farmers and land managers $3.7 billion in pest management costs annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/41.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimate\u003c/a> of their economic impact from 2011\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Your Guide to the Bay Area Moon Landing Anniversary Events",
"headTitle": "Your Guide to the Bay Area Moon Landing Anniversary Events | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On July 20, 1969, the world watched, transfixed, as two American astronauts set foot on the moon. This year, the Bay Area will join the rest of the country in celebrating the 50th anniversary of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission on Saturday, July 20th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you would like to meet an astronaut and learn about what it’s like to be in space, enjoy a symphonic journey through the galaxy, or hike through redwoods in the moonlight, we’ve put together this chronological list of moon-themed events where you can go to celebrate all summer long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinfair.org/2019\">\u003cstrong>Marin County Fair\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWednesday July 3 – Sunday July 7\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Rafael\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTickets start at $3 online\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944487\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young girl admires a chicken at the Marin County Fair. \u003ccite>(Marin County Fair)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year’s Marin County Fair is moon landing themed. The four-day event will feature carnival rides, free concerts, live culinary contests, and a Cheese of the Day stage — in homage to the moon made of cheese, of course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/first-friday-lunar-first-friday/\">\u003cstrong>Lunar First Friday\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 5, 6 pm – 10 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$5\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young girl makes a 3D constellation. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kick off a month of space-related activities at the Chabot Space & Science Center with a sneak peek of the new documentary film \u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em> — and catch a conversation with Ben Burress, a staff astronomer, and Kat Snow, senior science editor at KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/chasing-moon/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nMonday July 8 – Wednesday July 10, 9 pm on KQED 9\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Airs on PBS member stations, including KQED \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1944373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This long-anticipated film by Robert Stone will air across three nights, beginning on July 8th. \u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em> features never-before seen archival footage of the drama surrounding the Apollo 11 mission and tells the story of the diverse array of characters involved in the space race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/evening-under-the-moon/\">\u003cstrong>Evening Under the Moon\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 12, 7:30 pm – 10:30 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944465\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors admire the museum’s Luminous Moon exhibit. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walk through the \u003cem>Luminous Moon\u003c/em> exhibit to see high resolution images of the moon and hear an astronomer talk about its geography and geology. Check out the moon through one of the center’s historic telescopes. Hot chocolate and snacks will be available for purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/adult-full-moon-night-hike-and-sip/\">\u003cstrong>Full Moon Hike and Sip (21+)\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 19, 6 pm – 9 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$30 non-members, $27 members\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944376 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/49492017-moon-and-wine-e1561758007695.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/49492017-moon-and-wine-e1561758007695.jpg 299w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/49492017-moon-and-wine-e1561758007695-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two complimentary glasses of wine or beer are included in the price of admission. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Go on a 4-5 mile hike through the redwoods, lit by the full moon. Learn about local history and ecology along the way. Conclude the evening with stargazing, planet hunting, and two complimentary glasses of beer or wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfsymphony.org/Buy-Tickets/2018-19/Out-of-This-World%e2%80%94A-Celebration-on-the-50th-Annive.aspx\">\u003cstrong>Out of This World: A Celebration on the 50th Anniversary of the Moon Landing\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 19, 7:30 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTicket prices from $39; groups of 10 or more are eligible for 25% discount\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944460\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leland Melvin, retired NASA astronaut and emcee of the event. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Symphony)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enjoy cosmic-themed music — everything from the Star Trek theme to Clair de Lune — by the SF Symphony, accompanied by visuals on the big screen. Hosted by retired astronaut \u003ca href=\"https://www.lelandmelvin.com/about.html\">Leland D. Melvin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/splashdown-lunar-overnight\">\u003cstrong>Splashdown 50 Stargazing Overnight\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 19, 6 pm – Saturday July 20, 9:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTicket prices from $65; pre-registration required by Friday, July 5\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944430 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-800x354.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-800x354.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-160x71.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-768x339.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-1020x451.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-1200x530.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-1920x848.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy walks in the footsteps of astronauts aboard the USS Hornet. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this special 50th anniversary overnight, you can spend the night aboard the USS Hornet, which served as the historic recovery vessel at the conclusion of the Apollo 11 mission. Sleep in the original crew’s compartments with family, and eat breakfast and dinner inside the original Crew’s Mess. Enjoy stargazing from the vessel’s Flight Deck, and take a ride in the Flight Simulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/splashdown-50-open-house\">\u003cstrong>Splashdown 50 Celebration\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 10 am – 5 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$25 adult, $20 youth\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944431\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944431 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-800x459.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-800x459.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-768x441.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-1020x585.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-1200x688.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-1920x1102.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children admire aircraft aboard the USS Hornet. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Celebrate the 50th anniversary of the lunar landing aboard the historic USS Hornet, where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took their first steps back on Earth after returning from the moon. Meet the veterans of the Recovery Team who retrieved the astronauts and their capsule. Afterwards, enjoy an inflatable planetarium, a VR arena, docent-led tours of the ship, and snacks from food trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/splashdown-50-anniversary-dinner\">\u003cstrong>Splashdown 50 Anniversary Dinner\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 6 pm – 10 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$55 non-members, $50 members\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944434 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The USS Hornet, a National Historic Landmark, is located in Alameda, CA. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enjoy a buffet dinner (included), full cash bar, and music from the 1960s with the ex-crew of the USS Hornet. Cocktail attire is appreciated, but not required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/apollo-50th-anniversary-celebration/\">\u003cstrong>Apollo 50th Anniversary Celebration\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 10 am – 5 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree with regular admission\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944469\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944469\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493.png 1347w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young girl learns about the phases of the moon in the Luminous Moon exhibit. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watch moon demos and a planetarium show, with screenings of \u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Apollo 11\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/apollo-party-21/\">\u003cstrong>Apollo Party 21+\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 6 pm – 10 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$14\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944392\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944392\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors enjoy a dance party in the Chabot Space & Science center after hours. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Break out your moon walk at an after-hours dance party, or entertain your friends with moon-themed karaoke. Enjoy Apollo cocktails, astronaut training, live music, and a comedy show, a simulated mission to the moon. Commemorate your experience with an airbrushed moon tattoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/apollo-11-50th-anniversary\">\u003cstrong>Apollo 11 50th Anniversary\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 10 am – midnight\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Exploratorium, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree for Daytime members and After Dark members; $29.95 adults; $24.95 seniors, students, youth; $19.95 children\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944483\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-1920x1438.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Museum of the Moon, a photorealistic, topologically correct sculpture of the moon, is installed at the Exploratorium now through the end of July. \u003ccite>(Luke Jerram's Museum of the Moon/Exploratorium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watch restored footage of the 1969 landing and marvel at a 16-foot sculpture of the moon! In the evening, enjoy food, retro cocktails, music and a dance party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/retrospective\">\u003cstrong>Apollo Retrospective: The Past, Present, and Future of Space Travel\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWednesday July 24, 10 am – 5 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$20 adult, $15 student/senior/military, $10 youth\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944436\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944436 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-768x517.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-1200x808.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery.jpg 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early in the morning of July 24, 1969, the crew of the USS Hornet watches as the capsule containing Apollo 11 astronauts is craned on board. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Come learn about the past, present, and future of space exploration from experts in the private aerospace industry. Later, learn about the geology of the moon from NASA scientists and astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://thenovatospacefestival.org/\">\u003cstrong>Novato Space Festival\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSunday August 4, 10 am – 4 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Space Station Museum, Novato\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944381\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/IMG_1141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/IMG_1141.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/IMG_1141-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young visitor meets Charlie Duke, astronaut of Apollo 16 and the tenth man to walk on the moon. \u003ccite>(The Space Station Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Visit the 8th annual Novato Space Festival to meet astronauts and other aerospace VIPs, as well as Star Wars characters and non-space friends like Snoopy. The diverse collection of 30 exhibits includes a real moon rock, large-scale replicas of the Apollo Lunar Lander and Apollo Command Module, and a genuine Apollo spacesuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-martian-andy-weir-tickets-59868124171\">\u003cstrong>The Martian, Andy Weir\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday August 16, 7 am – 8:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa, Lafayette\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$40\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944382\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/martian.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/martian.png 530w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/martian-160x117.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Weir is author of the bestselling novel The Martian, which was adapted for film and released in 2015. \u003ccite>(Buddy Burke/Lamorinda Sunrise Rotary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Come hear a talk by Andy Weir, lifelong space nerd and author of the bestselling novel \u003cem>The Martian\u003c/em>.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong> Breakfast is included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/apollo-mission-flight-controller-lawrence-kuznetz-tickets-62059572853\">\u003cstrong>Apollo Mission Flight Controller Lawrence Kuznetz\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday August 23, 7 am – 8:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa, Lafayette\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$35\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944384\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944384\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-800x408.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-800x408.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-160x82.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-768x391.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-1020x520.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-1200x612.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz.png 1236w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Lawrence Kuznetz was a flight controller during the Apollo missions, has helped build space shuttles, and is an author and pilot. \u003ccite>(Buddy Burke/Lamorinda Sunrise Rotary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear Dr. Lawrence Kuznetz, flight controller during the Apollo missions, relive his experiences throughout a 40-year career in the space program. Breakfast is included.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Stellar events to help you celebrate the 50th anniversary of the lunar landing.",
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"description": "Stellar events to help you celebrate the 50th anniversary of the lunar landing.",
"title": "Your Guide to the Bay Area Moon Landing Anniversary Events | KQED",
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"headline": "Your Guide to the Bay Area Moon Landing Anniversary Events",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On July 20, 1969, the world watched, transfixed, as two American astronauts set foot on the moon. This year, the Bay Area will join the rest of the country in celebrating the 50th anniversary of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission on Saturday, July 20th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you would like to meet an astronaut and learn about what it’s like to be in space, enjoy a symphonic journey through the galaxy, or hike through redwoods in the moonlight, we’ve put together this chronological list of moon-themed events where you can go to celebrate all summer long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinfair.org/2019\">\u003cstrong>Marin County Fair\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWednesday July 3 – Sunday July 7\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>San Rafael\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTickets start at $3 online\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944487\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/J0A7174.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young girl admires a chicken at the Marin County Fair. \u003ccite>(Marin County Fair)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year’s Marin County Fair is moon landing themed. The four-day event will feature carnival rides, free concerts, live culinary contests, and a Cheese of the Day stage — in homage to the moon made of cheese, of course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/first-friday-lunar-first-friday/\">\u003cstrong>Lunar First Friday\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 5, 6 pm – 10 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$5\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12.7-first-friday-020-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young girl makes a 3D constellation. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kick off a month of space-related activities at the Chabot Space & Science Center with a sneak peek of the new documentary film \u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em> — and catch a conversation with Ben Burress, a staff astronomer, and Kat Snow, senior science editor at KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/chasing-moon/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nMonday July 8 – Wednesday July 10, 9 pm on KQED 9\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Airs on PBS member stations, including KQED \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1944373\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/chasing-the-moon.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This long-anticipated film by Robert Stone will air across three nights, beginning on July 8th. \u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em> features never-before seen archival footage of the drama surrounding the Apollo 11 mission and tells the story of the diverse array of characters involved in the space race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/evening-under-the-moon/\">\u003cstrong>Evening Under the Moon\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 12, 7:30 pm – 10:30 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944465\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X4494.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors admire the museum’s Luminous Moon exhibit. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walk through the \u003cem>Luminous Moon\u003c/em> exhibit to see high resolution images of the moon and hear an astronomer talk about its geography and geology. Check out the moon through one of the center’s historic telescopes. Hot chocolate and snacks will be available for purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/adult-full-moon-night-hike-and-sip/\">\u003cstrong>Full Moon Hike and Sip (21+)\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 19, 6 pm – 9 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$30 non-members, $27 members\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 299px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944376 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/49492017-moon-and-wine-e1561758007695.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"299\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/49492017-moon-and-wine-e1561758007695.jpg 299w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/49492017-moon-and-wine-e1561758007695-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two complimentary glasses of wine or beer are included in the price of admission. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Go on a 4-5 mile hike through the redwoods, lit by the full moon. Learn about local history and ecology along the way. Conclude the evening with stargazing, planet hunting, and two complimentary glasses of beer or wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfsymphony.org/Buy-Tickets/2018-19/Out-of-This-World%e2%80%94A-Celebration-on-the-50th-Annive.aspx\">\u003cstrong>Out of This World: A Celebration on the 50th Anniversary of the Moon Landing\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 19, 7:30 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTicket prices from $39; groups of 10 or more are eligible for 25% discount\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944460\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Melvin_CAA-Speakers_Photo.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leland Melvin, retired NASA astronaut and emcee of the event. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Symphony)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enjoy cosmic-themed music — everything from the Star Trek theme to Clair de Lune — by the SF Symphony, accompanied by visuals on the big screen. Hosted by retired astronaut \u003ca href=\"https://www.lelandmelvin.com/about.html\">Leland D. Melvin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/splashdown-lunar-overnight\">\u003cstrong>Splashdown 50 Stargazing Overnight\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday July 19, 6 pm – Saturday July 20, 9:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nTicket prices from $65; pre-registration required by Friday, July 5\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944430 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-800x354.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-800x354.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-160x71.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-768x339.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-1020x451.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-1200x530.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k-1920x848.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113133237_b2c3cd86cd_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A boy walks in the footsteps of astronauts aboard the USS Hornet. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this special 50th anniversary overnight, you can spend the night aboard the USS Hornet, which served as the historic recovery vessel at the conclusion of the Apollo 11 mission. Sleep in the original crew’s compartments with family, and eat breakfast and dinner inside the original Crew’s Mess. Enjoy stargazing from the vessel’s Flight Deck, and take a ride in the Flight Simulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/splashdown-50-open-house\">\u003cstrong>Splashdown 50 Celebration\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 10 am – 5 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$25 adult, $20 youth\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944431\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944431 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-800x459.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-800x459.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-768x441.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-1020x585.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-1200x688.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k-1920x1102.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/7113726749_974a2f7be8_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children admire aircraft aboard the USS Hornet. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Celebrate the 50th anniversary of the lunar landing aboard the historic USS Hornet, where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took their first steps back on Earth after returning from the moon. Meet the veterans of the Recovery Team who retrieved the astronauts and their capsule. Afterwards, enjoy an inflatable planetarium, a VR arena, docent-led tours of the ship, and snacks from food trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/splashdown-50-anniversary-dinner\">\u003cstrong>Splashdown 50 Anniversary Dinner\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 6 pm – 10 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$55 non-members, $50 members\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944434 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC_9037.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The USS Hornet, a National Historic Landmark, is located in Alameda, CA. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enjoy a buffet dinner (included), full cash bar, and music from the 1960s with the ex-crew of the USS Hornet. Cocktail attire is appreciated, but not required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/apollo-50th-anniversary-celebration/\">\u003cstrong>Apollo 50th Anniversary Celebration\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 10 am – 5 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree with regular admission\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944469\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944469\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/2M2X5493.png 1347w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young girl learns about the phases of the moon in the Luminous Moon exhibit. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watch moon demos and a planetarium show, with screenings of \u003cem>Chasing the Moon\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Apollo 11\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/apollo-party-21/\">\u003cstrong>Apollo Party 21+\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 6 pm – 10 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Chabot Space & Science Center, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$14\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944392\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944392\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/732.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors enjoy a dance party in the Chabot Space & Science center after hours. \u003ccite>(Chabot Space & Science Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Break out your moon walk at an after-hours dance party, or entertain your friends with moon-themed karaoke. Enjoy Apollo cocktails, astronaut training, live music, and a comedy show, a simulated mission to the moon. Commemorate your experience with an airbrushed moon tattoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/apollo-11-50th-anniversary\">\u003cstrong>Apollo 11 50th Anniversary\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSaturday July 20, 10 am – midnight\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Exploratorium, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree for Daytime members and After Dark members; $29.95 adults; $24.95 seniors, students, youth; $19.95 children\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944483\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL-1920x1438.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Xc5rlGkL.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Museum of the Moon, a photorealistic, topologically correct sculpture of the moon, is installed at the Exploratorium now through the end of July. \u003ccite>(Luke Jerram's Museum of the Moon/Exploratorium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watch restored footage of the 1969 landing and marvel at a 16-foot sculpture of the moon! In the evening, enjoy food, retro cocktails, music and a dance party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uss-hornet.org/calendar/retrospective\">\u003cstrong>Apollo Retrospective: The Past, Present, and Future of Space Travel\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nWednesday July 24, 10 am – 5 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>USS Hornet Museum, Alameda\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$20 adult, $15 student/senior/military, $10 youth\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944436\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944436 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-768x517.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery-1200x808.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/ha-084-Apollo-11-capsule-recovery.jpg 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early in the morning of July 24, 1969, the crew of the USS Hornet watches as the capsule containing Apollo 11 astronauts is craned on board. \u003ccite>(USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Come learn about the past, present, and future of space exploration from experts in the private aerospace industry. Later, learn about the geology of the moon from NASA scientists and astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://thenovatospacefestival.org/\">\u003cstrong>Novato Space Festival\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSunday August 4, 10 am – 4 pm\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Space Station Museum, Novato\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFree\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944381\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/IMG_1141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/IMG_1141.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/IMG_1141-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young visitor meets Charlie Duke, astronaut of Apollo 16 and the tenth man to walk on the moon. \u003ccite>(The Space Station Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Visit the 8th annual Novato Space Festival to meet astronauts and other aerospace VIPs, as well as Star Wars characters and non-space friends like Snoopy. The diverse collection of 30 exhibits includes a real moon rock, large-scale replicas of the Apollo Lunar Lander and Apollo Command Module, and a genuine Apollo spacesuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/the-martian-andy-weir-tickets-59868124171\">\u003cstrong>The Martian, Andy Weir\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday August 16, 7 am – 8:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa, Lafayette\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$40\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944382\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/martian.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/martian.png 530w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/martian-160x117.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Weir is author of the bestselling novel The Martian, which was adapted for film and released in 2015. \u003ccite>(Buddy Burke/Lamorinda Sunrise Rotary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Come hear a talk by Andy Weir, lifelong space nerd and author of the bestselling novel \u003cem>The Martian\u003c/em>.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong> Breakfast is included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/apollo-mission-flight-controller-lawrence-kuznetz-tickets-62059572853\">\u003cstrong>Apollo Mission Flight Controller Lawrence Kuznetz\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFriday August 23, 7 am – 8:30 am\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Lafayette Park Hotel & Spa, Lafayette\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n$35\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944384\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944384\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-800x408.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-800x408.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-160x82.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-768x391.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-1020x520.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz-1200x612.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/kunetz.png 1236w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Lawrence Kuznetz was a flight controller during the Apollo missions, has helped build space shuttles, and is an author and pilot. \u003ccite>(Buddy Burke/Lamorinda Sunrise Rotary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hear Dr. Lawrence Kuznetz, flight controller during the Apollo missions, relive his experiences throughout a 40-year career in the space program. Breakfast is included.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lab-Grown Meat, No Slaughter Necessary, Fights for Acceptance",
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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AF-atps4WYQ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uma Valeti slices into a pan-fried chicken cutlet in the kitchen of his startup, Memphis Meats. He sniffs the tender morsel on his fork before taking a bite. He chews slowly, absorbing the taste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our chicken is chicken … you’ve got to taste it to believe it,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is no ordinary piece of poultry. No chicken was raised or slaughtered to harvest the meat. It was produced in a laboratory by extracting cells from a chicken and feeding them in a nutrient broth until the cell culture grew into raw meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Meats, based in Emeryville, California, is one of a growing number of startups worldwide that are making cell-based or cultured meat. They want to offer an alternative to traditional meat production that they say is damaging the environment and causing unnecessary harm to animals, but they are far from becoming mainstream and face pushback from livestock producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are ultimately going to continue the choice of eating meat for many generations to come without putting undue stress on the planet,” said Valeti, a former cardiologist who co-founded Memphis Meats in 2015 after seeing the power of stem cells to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which also has produced cell-grown beef and duck, has attracted investments from food giants Cargill and Tyson Foods as well as billionaires Richard Branson and Bill Gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report released in June by consulting firm A.T. Kearney predicts that by 2040, cultured meat will make up 35 percent of meat consumed worldwide, while plant-based alternatives will compose 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The large-scale livestock industry is viewed by many as an unnecessary evil,” the report says. “With the advantages of novel vegan meat replacements and cultured meat over conventionally produced meat, it is only a matter of time before meat replacements capture a substantial market share.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first cultured meat must overcome significant challenges, including bringing down the exorbitant cost of production, showing regulators it’s safe and enticing consumers to take a bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a long way off from becoming a commercial reality because there are many hurdles we have to tackle,” said Ricardo San Martin, research director of the alternative meat program at the University of California, Berkeley. “We don’t know if consumers are going to buy this or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As global demand for meat grows, supporters say cell-based protein is more sustainable than traditional meat because it doesn’t require the land, water and crops needed to raise livestock — a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many consumers would love to eat meat that doesn’t require killing animals, said Brian Spears, who founded a San Francisco startup called New Age Meats that served its cell-based pork sausages to curious foodies at a tasting last September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People want meat. They don’t want slaughter,” Spears said. “So we make slaughter-free meat, and we know there’s a massive market for people that want delicious meat that doesn’t require animal slaughter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finless Foods, another startup in Emeryville, is making cultured fish and seafood. It’s produced cell-based versions of salmon, carp and sea bass, and it’s working on bluefin tuna, a popular species that is overfished and contains high levels of mercury. The company has invited guests to sample its cell-based fish cakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is a very fragile ecosystem, and we are really driving it to the brink of collapse,” CEO Michael Selden said. “By moving human consumption of seafood out of the ocean and onto land and creating it in this cleaner way, we can basically do something that’s better for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emerging industry moved a step closer to market in March when the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration announced plans to jointly oversee the production and labeling of cell-based meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food-safety advocates will be watching to ensure the agencies provide rigorous oversight and protect people from bacterial contamination and other health threats, said Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the nonprofit Center for Food Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be important for the public that this be well regulated,” Hanson said. “Do these really solve the environmental problem? Do they really solve the animal welfare problem? That needs to be part of the review as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cultured-meat companies use genetically modified cells, they would face even greater scrutiny from consumers and government regulators, Hanson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cell-based meat companies also face resistance from U.S. livestock producers, who have been lobbying states to restrict the “meat” label to food products derived from slaughtered animals and have been raising questions about the safety, cost and environmental effect of cultured meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still many, many unknowns about these cell-based products,” said Eric Mittenthal, vice president for sustainability at the North American Meat Institute. “We really don’t know if it’s something consumers will accept from a taste perspective. We don’t know if it’s going to be affordable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uma Valeti at Memphis Meats said he wants to help educate people about the benefits of cell-based meats and eventually open up its production facility to show people how its meat is made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is focused on reducing the cost of cultured meat and producing larger quantities. A plate of chicken that used to cost tens of thousands of dollars to produce can now be made for less than $100, Valeti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Meats hopes to sell its cell-based meat within the next two years, starting with restaurants, then moving into grocery stores, assuming it passes USDA and FDA inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually preserving the choice of eating meat for people,” Valeti said. “Instead of saying, ‘Give up eating meat or eat a meat alternative,’ we’re saying continue eating the meat that you love.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are ultimately going to continue the choice of eating meat for many generations to come without putting undue stress on the planet,” said Valeti, a former cardiologist who co-founded Memphis Meats in 2015 after seeing the power of stem cells to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which also has produced cell-grown beef and duck, has attracted investments from food giants Cargill and Tyson Foods as well as billionaires Richard Branson and Bill Gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report released in June by consulting firm A.T. Kearney predicts that by 2040, cultured meat will make up 35 percent of meat consumed worldwide, while plant-based alternatives will compose 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The large-scale livestock industry is viewed by many as an unnecessary evil,” the report says. “With the advantages of novel vegan meat replacements and cultured meat over conventionally produced meat, it is only a matter of time before meat replacements capture a substantial market share.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first cultured meat must overcome significant challenges, including bringing down the exorbitant cost of production, showing regulators it’s safe and enticing consumers to take a bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a long way off from becoming a commercial reality because there are many hurdles we have to tackle,” said Ricardo San Martin, research director of the alternative meat program at the University of California, Berkeley. “We don’t know if consumers are going to buy this or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As global demand for meat grows, supporters say cell-based protein is more sustainable than traditional meat because it doesn’t require the land, water and crops needed to raise livestock — a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many consumers would love to eat meat that doesn’t require killing animals, said Brian Spears, who founded a San Francisco startup called New Age Meats that served its cell-based pork sausages to curious foodies at a tasting last September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People want meat. They don’t want slaughter,” Spears said. “So we make slaughter-free meat, and we know there’s a massive market for people that want delicious meat that doesn’t require animal slaughter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finless Foods, another startup in Emeryville, is making cultured fish and seafood. It’s produced cell-based versions of salmon, carp and sea bass, and it’s working on bluefin tuna, a popular species that is overfished and contains high levels of mercury. The company has invited guests to sample its cell-based fish cakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is a very fragile ecosystem, and we are really driving it to the brink of collapse,” CEO Michael Selden said. “By moving human consumption of seafood out of the ocean and onto land and creating it in this cleaner way, we can basically do something that’s better for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emerging industry moved a step closer to market in March when the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration announced plans to jointly oversee the production and labeling of cell-based meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food-safety advocates will be watching to ensure the agencies provide rigorous oversight and protect people from bacterial contamination and other health threats, said Jaydee Hanson, policy director at the nonprofit Center for Food Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be important for the public that this be well regulated,” Hanson said. “Do these really solve the environmental problem? Do they really solve the animal welfare problem? That needs to be part of the review as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cultured-meat companies use genetically modified cells, they would face even greater scrutiny from consumers and government regulators, Hanson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cell-based meat companies also face resistance from U.S. livestock producers, who have been lobbying states to restrict the “meat” label to food products derived from slaughtered animals and have been raising questions about the safety, cost and environmental effect of cultured meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still many, many unknowns about these cell-based products,” said Eric Mittenthal, vice president for sustainability at the North American Meat Institute. “We really don’t know if it’s something consumers will accept from a taste perspective. We don’t know if it’s going to be affordable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uma Valeti at Memphis Meats said he wants to help educate people about the benefits of cell-based meats and eventually open up its production facility to show people how its meat is made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is focused on reducing the cost of cultured meat and producing larger quantities. A plate of chicken that used to cost tens of thousands of dollars to produce can now be made for less than $100, Valeti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Meats hopes to sell its cell-based meat within the next two years, starting with restaurants, then moving into grocery stores, assuming it passes USDA and FDA inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually preserving the choice of eating meat for people,” Valeti said. “Instead of saying, ‘Give up eating meat or eat a meat alternative,’ we’re saying continue eating the meat that you love.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why This Bay Area Senator Was the Sole No Vote on Newsom's Clean Water Plan",
"headTitle": "Why This Bay Area Senator Was the Sole No Vote on Newsom’s Clean Water Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bob Wieckowski stands alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was the only state senator to vote against Gov. Gavin Newsom’s plan to clean up dirty drinking water in the California’s poorest communities, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote on Monday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 200\u003c/a> — passed the Assembly last week without a single vote in opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be clear, Wieckowski thinks clean water is an important priority. His quibble is that California will pay for it with revenue generated from the state’s cap-and-trade auction.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His argument: money in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) is supposed to be spent on, well, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Diverting limited GGRF dollars away from cutting greenhouse gas emissions to other important causes, is not a path we should go down now or in the future,” Wieckowski said in a speech on the Senate floor.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Members, we are falling farther behind in our commitment to meeting the Paris Accord,” he said. “We should not be creating a false dichotomy that is a by-product of this deal – pitting clean air against clean water. We know all Californians can, and must, have both.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bill includes $100 million from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund and another $33 million from the general fund to be spent on rebuilding broken drinking water infrastructure in unincorporated communities and small towns across the state. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And it’s not a one-time money diversion. The bill also seeks to use 5% of California’s cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, the governor proposed a tax on all Californians’ water bills that would fund programs to clean up the dirty water, and in January, Newsom and his cabinet visited Monterey Park Tract in Ceres, a Central Valley city with contaminated wells, to highlight the issue.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/agsecross/status/1083853934081372160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, as some lawmakers worried that their constituents would object to a new monthly tax at a time when the state is enjoying a budget surplus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill hasn’t reached Newsom’s desk yet, but he will have 12 days to sign it, when it does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A state lawmaker is the lone dissenting vote against a plan to use climate change money to pay for cleaning up contaminated water. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bob Wieckowski stands alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was the only state senator to vote against Gov. Gavin Newsom’s plan to clean up dirty drinking water in the California’s poorest communities, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote on Monday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 200\u003c/a> — passed the Assembly last week without a single vote in opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be clear, Wieckowski thinks clean water is an important priority. His quibble is that California will pay for it with revenue generated from the state’s cap-and-trade auction.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His argument: money in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) is supposed to be spent on, well, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Diverting limited GGRF dollars away from cutting greenhouse gas emissions to other important causes, is not a path we should go down now or in the future,” Wieckowski said in a speech on the Senate floor.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Members, we are falling farther behind in our commitment to meeting the Paris Accord,” he said. “We should not be creating a false dichotomy that is a by-product of this deal – pitting clean air against clean water. We know all Californians can, and must, have both.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bill includes $100 million from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund and another $33 million from the general fund to be spent on rebuilding broken drinking water infrastructure in unincorporated communities and small towns across the state. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And it’s not a one-time money diversion. The bill also seeks to use 5% of California’s cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, the governor proposed a tax on all Californians’ water bills that would fund programs to clean up the dirty water, and in January, Newsom and his cabinet visited Monterey Park Tract in Ceres, a Central Valley city with contaminated wells, to highlight the issue.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What's Left for Us to Do on the Moon, Anyway? Plenty, It Turns Out",
"headTitle": "What’s Left for Us to Do on the Moon, Anyway? Plenty, It Turns Out | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The moon is a dusty, airless rock that we last set foot on in 1972. What’s left there for us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty, it would seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been so much talk in the past decade about sending humans to Mars that one may have wondered if we would ever walk on the moon again. After all, Mars is bigger, and unlike the moon, it has an atmosphere and vast reservoirs of water ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that we have room in our imaginations, and our pocketbooks, for more than one obsession in our solar system. Not only is NASA sending robotic spacecraft to explore the moon, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-12-new-lunar-science-technology-investigations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">just announced\u003c/a> 12 upcoming lunar science and technology investigations. The U.S. also plans to send astronauts back to the moon in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries are also extremely keen on learning about our natural satellite. In January, China deployed a rover to the far side of the moon, a first. Within the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last 15 years\u003c/a>, India, Israel and Japan have also sent landers, probes and other devices to land on, crash into, or fly by the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these recent missions and future plans attest to enormous continued interest in the moon, as an object of scientific curiosity we’re still trying to understand more fully. It is also, like Mars, an accessible proving ground where we can develop the knowledge and experience to send people to more distant worlds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humans and the Moon: A Love Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning of humanity’s romance with the cosmos, the moon has occupied a sweetheart position in our aspirations to explore. It is by far our most easily reached destination in the universe, only 240,000 miles away. It’s close enough for us to see details of its surface features with the smallest telescopes, and even with our eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944677\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of the moon's limb looking toward Copernicus crater, captured with a hand-held camera from the window of the Apollo 12 lunar landing module. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of the moon’s limb looking toward Copernicus crater, captured with a hand-held camera from the window of the Apollo 12 lunar landing module. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1600s, Galileo squinted through his small telescope at the moon and saw its craters, mountains and wide flat plains, and Shakespeare wrote about “Th’inconstant moon / That monthly changes in her circled orb.” The moon has always been a tantalizing, shadowy source of mystery, familiar yet unknown territory to be explored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"moonanniversary\"]From the very earliest era of telescopic observations, scientists studying the moon and its multitude of impact craters have used it as a window into our solar system’s past. The fact that the moon has no erosive atmosphere, and has been largely geologically inactive for almost 4 billion years, means that the scars of past events like collisions and volcanic activity are preserved on its surface. Scientists can literally read the history of the moon’s development and the conditions in our solar system from far back into its youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, chemical analysis of rock samples brought back by the Apollo missions tells us that Earth and the moon have a common origin, as described by the \u003ca href=\"https://sservi.nasa.gov/?question=the-giant-impact-hypothesis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giant Impact Hypothesis\u003c/a>. According to this moon-formation idea, over 4 billion years ago, Earth was struck by another planet about the size of Mars. The impact blasted a large amount of rock into space that eventually coalesced into the moon. This makes the moon even more personal to us Earth-dwellers, more like an extension of Mother Earth than an alien, extraterrestrial world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forwarding Address: Moon City\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last crewed lunar landing was Apollo 17, in 1972. Mars missions may take up the bulk of the headlines today, but we’ve never stopped looking to the moon as a future home base on which to build a more enduring installation, or colony, or some future lunar city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the U.S., the European Space Agency, Russia and China are actively working toward establishing a permanent lunar base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"View looking toward the north rim of Cabeus Crater from the southwest, near the moon's south pole. NASA's LCROSS impactor vehicle struck the moon directly below the bottom center of this picture. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View looking toward the north rim of Cabeus Crater from the southwest, near the moon’s south pole. NASA’s LCROSS impactor vehicle struck the moon directly below the bottom center of this picture. \u003ccite>(NASA/Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. moon effort got a big boost when the George W. Bush administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/bush_vision.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called for\u003c/a> the development of a new human-crewed spacecraft for traveling beyond low-Earth orbit, and a return of humans to the moon with the goal of “living and working there for increasingly extended periods of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration committed to increase NASA’s funding to complete a heavy-lift launch vehicle that will be vital to human missions and predicted a human-crewed mission to Mars by the mid 2030s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has put the moon back on the table for human flights, and NASA has scheduled the first Orion spacecraft for a quick around-the-moon-and-back trip in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe a whole moon city is yet some time away, but setting up a base on the moon for astronauts to live and work is widely seen as an idea with some traction and practical applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees with the goal of a moon-base for humanity. Buzz Aldrin, the second man ever to walk on the moon, famously believes that mankind’s future lies on Mars. In 2009, he wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071502940.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial in the Washington Post\u003c/a>. “A race to the moon is a dead end. While the lunar surface can be used to develop advanced technologies, it is a poor location for homesteading,” he declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fueling a Mission to Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These initiatives for returning to and working on the moon are part of a larger plan to prepare ourselves for a much more challenging journey to Mars. Harnessing the moon’s material resources to build, fuel and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/getting-there\">launch a Mars mission\u003c/a> would come with some major advantages. The moon’s surface gravity is one-sixth as strong as Earth’s, and there is no atmosphere to push through when launching. Both factors reduce the need for fuel, lowering the weight and cost of the spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944678\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of NASA's LCROSS spacecraft (foreground) preceded in its course to crash into the moon's south pole by an impactor vehicle (the Centaur rocket that propelled it to the moon). The impactor blasted up a plume of dust in which LCROSS identified water molecules, confirming the hypothesis that some shadowed polar craters harbor water ice. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of NASA’s LCROSS spacecraft (foreground) preceded in its course to crash into the moon’s south pole by an impactor vehicle (the Centaur rocket that propelled it to the moon). The impactor blasted up a plume of dust in which LCROSS identified water molecules, confirming the hypothesis that some shadowed polar craters harbor water ice. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the moon is not a dusty, airless rock after all. Finding water on the moon in 2009 was a huge revelation, and a useful one. NASA turned up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LCROSS/main/prelim_water_results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence of polar water\u003c/a> when the impactor vehicle of its LCROSS mission was deliberately smashed into the moon’s south pole, blasting out a plume of soil in the process. The LCROSS spacecraft detected water in that plume, minutes before it, too, collided with the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ancient deposits of water ice on perma-shadowed crater floors could represent a water supply for thirsty lunar astronauts, if it can be made into drinkable form. It could also supply oxygen for breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the moon has some other inherent qualities that pose a challenge to potential human colonists living there for months at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944672\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944672\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"An "illumination map" of the terrain immediately surrounding the moon's south pole. An illumination map is a composite of many images taken at different times, in this case two-hour intervals, over the course of a full lunar day (about a month). The brightest areas on the map receive sunlight for most if not all of the lunar day, while black reveals deep crater floors and other niches that never receive direct sunlight. It is in these wells of darkness that we can find water ice, protected from sunlight. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An “illumination map” of the terrain immediately surrounding the moon’s south pole. An illumination map is a composite of many images taken at different times, in this case two-hour intervals, over the course of a full lunar day (about a month). The brightest areas on the map receive sunlight for most if not all of the lunar day, while black reveals deep crater floors and other niches that never receive direct sunlight. It is in these wells of darkness that we can find water ice, protected from sunlight. \u003ccite>(NASA/Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One is generating power to run all of a base’s systems, including life support. The easiest way to produce electricity — the way that most current space missions, human or robotic, do — is with solar panels, converting the light of the sun into useful electricity. Most places on the moon, however, experience nights that are two weeks long, a long time to be in the dark and running on stored battery power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the water resource problem, the moon’s polar regions may offer a practical solution. The peaks of some polar mountains and crater rims enjoy practically around-the-clock sunlight. Placing solar panels at these polar heights would provide almost uninterrupted solar energy, something that is impossible even on the surface of the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moon dust is also something that astronauts will need to manage. When the Apollo astronauts walked around on the moon, their spacesuits collected a lot of dust, which was unavoidably tracked back inside the lunar landing module. Dust on the moon is very gritty and sticks to practically everything. Unlike dust and sand on Earth, which are weathered down by wind and water into smooth, round grains, moon dust has sharp edges and points. Without the effects of erosion to smooth them out, moon dust tends to act like tiny bits of broken glass. Without strict dust management, future lunar inhabitants may suffer severe health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we continue to scrutinize minute details on the moon’s surface through our ongoing missions, new surprises are sure to come to light. The moon has never failed us in this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on the space race, watch ‘Chasing the Moon’ — a new, three-part series premiering this week on KQED 9 at 9 PM.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first Apollo moon landing, the world is looking forward to a return to the moon. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The moon is a dusty, airless rock that we last set foot on in 1972. What’s left there for us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty, it would seem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been so much talk in the past decade about sending humans to Mars that one may have wondered if we would ever walk on the moon again. After all, Mars is bigger, and unlike the moon, it has an atmosphere and vast reservoirs of water ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that we have room in our imaginations, and our pocketbooks, for more than one obsession in our solar system. Not only is NASA sending robotic spacecraft to explore the moon, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-12-new-lunar-science-technology-investigations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">just announced\u003c/a> 12 upcoming lunar science and technology investigations. The U.S. also plans to send astronauts back to the moon in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries are also extremely keen on learning about our natural satellite. In January, China deployed a rover to the far side of the moon, a first. Within the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last 15 years\u003c/a>, India, Israel and Japan have also sent landers, probes and other devices to land on, crash into, or fly by the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these recent missions and future plans attest to enormous continued interest in the moon, as an object of scientific curiosity we’re still trying to understand more fully. It is also, like Mars, an accessible proving ground where we can develop the knowledge and experience to send people to more distant worlds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humans and the Moon: A Love Story\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning of humanity’s romance with the cosmos, the moon has occupied a sweetheart position in our aspirations to explore. It is by far our most easily reached destination in the universe, only 240,000 miles away. It’s close enough for us to see details of its surface features with the smallest telescopes, and even with our eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944677\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of the moon's limb looking toward Copernicus crater, captured with a hand-held camera from the window of the Apollo 12 lunar landing module. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/AS12-47-6876-apollo-12.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of the moon’s limb looking toward Copernicus crater, captured with a hand-held camera from the window of the Apollo 12 lunar landing module. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 1600s, Galileo squinted through his small telescope at the moon and saw its craters, mountains and wide flat plains, and Shakespeare wrote about “Th’inconstant moon / That monthly changes in her circled orb.” The moon has always been a tantalizing, shadowy source of mystery, familiar yet unknown territory to be explored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>From the very earliest era of telescopic observations, scientists studying the moon and its multitude of impact craters have used it as a window into our solar system’s past. The fact that the moon has no erosive atmosphere, and has been largely geologically inactive for almost 4 billion years, means that the scars of past events like collisions and volcanic activity are preserved on its surface. Scientists can literally read the history of the moon’s development and the conditions in our solar system from far back into its youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, chemical analysis of rock samples brought back by the Apollo missions tells us that Earth and the moon have a common origin, as described by the \u003ca href=\"https://sservi.nasa.gov/?question=the-giant-impact-hypothesis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Giant Impact Hypothesis\u003c/a>. According to this moon-formation idea, over 4 billion years ago, Earth was struck by another planet about the size of Mars. The impact blasted a large amount of rock into space that eventually coalesced into the moon. This makes the moon even more personal to us Earth-dwellers, more like an extension of Mother Earth than an alien, extraterrestrial world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forwarding Address: Moon City\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last crewed lunar landing was Apollo 17, in 1972. Mars missions may take up the bulk of the headlines today, but we’ve never stopped looking to the moon as a future home base on which to build a more enduring installation, or colony, or some future lunar city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the U.S., the European Space Agency, Russia and China are actively working toward establishing a permanent lunar base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"View looking toward the north rim of Cabeus Crater from the southwest, near the moon's south pole. NASA's LCROSS impactor vehicle struck the moon directly below the bottom center of this picture. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/403330main_cabeus_lg.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View looking toward the north rim of Cabeus Crater from the southwest, near the moon’s south pole. NASA’s LCROSS impactor vehicle struck the moon directly below the bottom center of this picture. \u003ccite>(NASA/Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. moon effort got a big boost when the George W. Bush administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/bush_vision.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called for\u003c/a> the development of a new human-crewed spacecraft for traveling beyond low-Earth orbit, and a return of humans to the moon with the goal of “living and working there for increasingly extended periods of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration committed to increase NASA’s funding to complete a heavy-lift launch vehicle that will be vital to human missions and predicted a human-crewed mission to Mars by the mid 2030s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has put the moon back on the table for human flights, and NASA has scheduled the first Orion spacecraft for a quick around-the-moon-and-back trip in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe a whole moon city is yet some time away, but setting up a base on the moon for astronauts to live and work is widely seen as an idea with some traction and practical applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees with the goal of a moon-base for humanity. Buzz Aldrin, the second man ever to walk on the moon, famously believes that mankind’s future lies on Mars. In 2009, he wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071502940.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial in the Washington Post\u003c/a>. “A race to the moon is a dead end. While the lunar surface can be used to develop advanced technologies, it is a poor location for homesteading,” he declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fueling a Mission to Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These initiatives for returning to and working on the moon are part of a larger plan to prepare ourselves for a much more challenging journey to Mars. Harnessing the moon’s material resources to build, fuel and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars/getting-there\">launch a Mars mission\u003c/a> would come with some major advantages. The moon’s surface gravity is one-sixth as strong as Earth’s, and there is no atmosphere to push through when launching. Both factors reduce the need for fuel, lowering the weight and cost of the spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944678\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of NASA's LCROSS spacecraft (foreground) preceded in its course to crash into the moon's south pole by an impactor vehicle (the Centaur rocket that propelled it to the moon). The impactor blasted up a plume of dust in which LCROSS identified water molecules, confirming the hypothesis that some shadowed polar craters harbor water ice. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/lcross1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of NASA’s LCROSS spacecraft (foreground) preceded in its course to crash into the moon’s south pole by an impactor vehicle (the Centaur rocket that propelled it to the moon). The impactor blasted up a plume of dust in which LCROSS identified water molecules, confirming the hypothesis that some shadowed polar craters harbor water ice. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It turns out that the moon is not a dusty, airless rock after all. Finding water on the moon in 2009 was a huge revelation, and a useful one. NASA turned up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LCROSS/main/prelim_water_results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence of polar water\u003c/a> when the impactor vehicle of its LCROSS mission was deliberately smashed into the moon’s south pole, blasting out a plume of soil in the process. The LCROSS spacecraft detected water in that plume, minutes before it, too, collided with the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These ancient deposits of water ice on perma-shadowed crater floors could represent a water supply for thirsty lunar astronauts, if it can be made into drinkable form. It could also supply oxygen for breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the moon has some other inherent qualities that pose a challenge to potential human colonists living there for months at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944672\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944672\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"An "illumination map" of the terrain immediately surrounding the moon's south pole. An illumination map is a composite of many images taken at different times, in this case two-hour intervals, over the course of a full lunar day (about a month). The brightest areas on the map receive sunlight for most if not all of the lunar day, while black reveals deep crater floors and other niches that never receive direct sunlight. It is in these wells of darkness that we can find water ice, protected from sunlight. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/SouthPoleIllumMap_400dpi-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An “illumination map” of the terrain immediately surrounding the moon’s south pole. An illumination map is a composite of many images taken at different times, in this case two-hour intervals, over the course of a full lunar day (about a month). The brightest areas on the map receive sunlight for most if not all of the lunar day, while black reveals deep crater floors and other niches that never receive direct sunlight. It is in these wells of darkness that we can find water ice, protected from sunlight. \u003ccite>(NASA/Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One is generating power to run all of a base’s systems, including life support. The easiest way to produce electricity — the way that most current space missions, human or robotic, do — is with solar panels, converting the light of the sun into useful electricity. Most places on the moon, however, experience nights that are two weeks long, a long time to be in the dark and running on stored battery power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the water resource problem, the moon’s polar regions may offer a practical solution. The peaks of some polar mountains and crater rims enjoy practically around-the-clock sunlight. Placing solar panels at these polar heights would provide almost uninterrupted solar energy, something that is impossible even on the surface of the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moon dust is also something that astronauts will need to manage. When the Apollo astronauts walked around on the moon, their spacesuits collected a lot of dust, which was unavoidably tracked back inside the lunar landing module. Dust on the moon is very gritty and sticks to practically everything. Unlike dust and sand on Earth, which are weathered down by wind and water into smooth, round grains, moon dust has sharp edges and points. Without the effects of erosion to smooth them out, moon dust tends to act like tiny bits of broken glass. Without strict dust management, future lunar inhabitants may suffer severe health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we continue to scrutinize minute details on the moon’s surface through our ongoing missions, new surprises are sure to come to light. The moon has never failed us in this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on the space race, watch ‘Chasing the Moon’ — a new, three-part series premiering this week on KQED 9 at 9 PM.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "watch-bed-bugs-get-stopped-in-their-tracks",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Summer is a time of travel and fun. But with every bed an exhausted traveler lies on after a day of sightseeing, the chances of bringing home an unwanted bug increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944324\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don’t let this happen to you. An adult bed bug feeds on a human arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bed bugs don’t fly or jump or come in from your garden. They crawl very quickly and are great at hiding in travelers’ luggage and hitching rides into their homes — or into hotel rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_SCURRIES_ON_SHEET_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944313\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_SCURRIES_ON_SHEET_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed bug scurries on a sheet. Experts recommend checking the bed when you’re sleeping away from home. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It would probably be a prudent thing to do a quick bed check if you’re sleeping in a strange bed,” said \u003ca href=\"https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/person/michael-potter\">Michael Potter\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the University of Kentucky who researches bed bugs. His recommendation goes for hotel rooms, as well as dorms and summer camp bunk beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does Potter do when he travels? First, he keeps his suitcase zipped up and on a credenza or metal luggage rack. Bed bugs have a hard time climbing up smooth surfaces like metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944304\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944304\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In their nests, bed bugs stick together, as these yellowish young nymphs are doing. They recently emerged from translucent egg casings. Brown and yellow splotches of digested blood called fecal spots are also signs of bed bugs’ presence. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, he recommends pulling back the sheet at the head of the bed and checking the seams on the top and bottom of the mattress and the box spring. Contrary to popular belief, bed bugs don’t burrow into mattresses; they stay on the surface. And after feeding on us they find a hideout, where they leave telltale brown or yellow droplets of digested blood called fecal spots. If they have already had a chance to reproduce, their nest might include translucent egg casings and young yellowish nymphs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re more of a nest type of insect,” said Bill Donahue, an entomologist and owner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraresearchlaboratories.com/\">Sierra Research Laboratories\u003c/a> in Modesto, where he evaluates treatments against bed bugs and other pests. “There are areas where the bed bugs will congregate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of young bed bugs, known as nymphs, stick close together in a nest. Empty egg casings are visible in the upper left corner. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Adult bed bugs are about the size and color of an apple seed. Young bugs, called nymphs, are smaller and yellowish or white. Guided by the carbon dioxide and heat that sleeping humans emit, they crawl quickly up wooden bed posts and over sheets to stick their long mouth part in and drink for about five minutes, until they’re completely full. They then hide in a nearby cranny, like the seam of the mattress or behind a baseboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heaven forbid you wake up with itchy red welts during your stay,” Potter said. “Then you want to be incredibly vigilant when you get home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bed bug feeds on a human thumb. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He suggests putting clothes in the dryer or leaving unzipped suitcases inside a hot car, since bed bugs are susceptible to high temperatures. Some people take days, even weeks, to react to a bed bug bite, so bites aren’t a great indicator of when you were exposed to them. And though some people can suffer a severe skin reaction, bed bugs aren’t known to transmit any diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944302\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bed bug’s body is elongated after feeding on a human arm. Bed bugs need to take a blood meal to molt and grow to each of their five life stages. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Until the 1940s, bed bugs were a common occurrence in the U.S. After being nearly eradicated by the spraying of DDT in the 1950s, they’ve made a comeback worldwide in the past 20 years, aided by the widespread movement of people. They’ve been found all around the country in settings as varied as schools, dorms, hospitals, theaters, moving vans and even funeral homes, according to Potter. And they also move around on secondhand furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apartment dwellers are more vulnerable to infestation, as bugs can crawl from one flat to another. Because bed bugs hide away, they’re difficult to treat without the help of a professional, which can be expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CRAWLS_UP_BED_POST_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CRAWLS_UP_BED_POST_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bed bug crawls up a bed post. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you think you have bed bugs, let your landlord know right away,” said entomologist \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=20584\">Andrew Sutherland\u003c/a>, the University of California’s urban pest management adviser for the San Francisco Bay Area. “It’s their responsibility to do inspections and to hire a reputable pest control operator to take care of the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because bed bugs are vulnerable to heat, a thermal treatment is “the gold standard,” said Luis Agurto, CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.pestec.com/\">Pestec\u003c/a>, a pest control company in the San Francisco Bay Area. Pestec places big heaters throughout an infested residence and warms it up to 122 degrees for two hours. Technicians armed with “guns” blow hot air into areas where bed bugs might be hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically making a big convection oven,” said Agurto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a thermal treatment, Pestec monitors for bed bugs for several weeks by placing a hard plastic cup under each bed post. The insects have no trouble climbing up the rough outside of these so-called interceptor cups, but then get trapped by the smooth inside, which they’re unable to scale. The company also uses insecticides and vacuum cleaners to get rid of infestations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944750\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944750\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed bug has become trapped in an interceptor cup placed under a bed post. Bed bugs can crawl into these plastic cups, which have a rough outside, but are unable to climb up the smooth inside surface. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pestec has been called in to investigate and treat infestations, from as small as six bed bugs in an apartment in San Francisco’s Haight neighborhood, to a townhouse in a housing complex in the city’s Potrero Hill district, where bugs were “on all the surfaces,” said Agurto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are working to come up with more tools to get rid of bed bugs. At UC Irvine, biologist and engineer \u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=5386\">Catherine Loudon\u003c/a> is collaborating with several engineering labs on campus to create synthetic surfaces that could trap bed bugs. She was inspired by the tiny hooked hairs that grow from the leaves of some varieties of beans, such as kidney and green beans. In nature, the hairs pierce through the feet of the aphids and leafhoppers that like to feed on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_ON_BEAN_LEAF_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944309 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_ON_BEAN_LEAF_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the lab of Catherine Loudon at UC Irvine, a bed bug tugs to break loose after its front left foot was pierced by a tiny hooked hair on a kidney bean leaf. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loudon got the idea from Potter, of the University of Kentucky, who mentioned to her a folk remedy he had read about. Residents of the Balkan countries used to spread bean leaves around their beds, and in the morning they’d find bed bugs attached to them. It turns out that the bed bugs’ feet were getting impaled by the hooked hairs on the bean leaves, called trichomes. Researchers have found that trichomes are just as effective against bed bugs, even though they don’t feed on leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kidney and green beans and other bean varieties have tiny hooked hairs on their leaves. These trichomes help the plant protect against leaf-eating pests like aphids, but also happen to trap blood-sucking bed bugs. \u003ccite>(Catherine Loudon/University of California, Irvine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A trichome has pierced through the soft joint in a bed bug’s foot. \u003ccite>(Catherine Loudon/University of California, Irvine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loudon’s goal is to mimic a bean leaf’s mechanism to create an inexpensive, portable trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_STUCK_ON_SYNTHETIC_MATERIAL_CREDIT-LOUDON_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_STUCK_ON_SYNTHETIC_MATERIAL_CREDIT-LOUDON_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed bug trapped by a tiny hook on a synthetic surface that mimics a bean leaf. This surface was made at UC Irvine, in the lab of engineer Allon Hochbaum. \u003ccite>(Catherine Loudon/University of California, Irvine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could imagine a strip that would act as a barrier that could be placed virtually anywhere: across the portal to a room, behind the headboard, on subway seats, an airplane,” Loudon said. “They have six legs, so that’s six opportunities to get trapped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura Shields contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Summer is a time of travel and fun. But with every bed an exhausted traveler lies on after a day of sightseeing, the chances of bringing home an unwanted bug increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944324\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_ARM_FM_ABOVE_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don’t let this happen to you. An adult bed bug feeds on a human arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bed bugs don’t fly or jump or come in from your garden. They crawl very quickly and are great at hiding in travelers’ luggage and hitching rides into their homes — or into hotel rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_SCURRIES_ON_SHEET_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944313\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_SCURRIES_ON_SHEET_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed bug scurries on a sheet. Experts recommend checking the bed when you’re sleeping away from home. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It would probably be a prudent thing to do a quick bed check if you’re sleeping in a strange bed,” said \u003ca href=\"https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/person/michael-potter\">Michael Potter\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the University of Kentucky who researches bed bugs. His recommendation goes for hotel rooms, as well as dorms and summer camp bunk beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does Potter do when he travels? First, he keeps his suitcase zipped up and on a credenza or metal luggage rack. Bed bugs have a hard time climbing up smooth surfaces like metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944304\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944304\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NEST_1080-1-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In their nests, bed bugs stick together, as these yellowish young nymphs are doing. They recently emerged from translucent egg casings. Brown and yellow splotches of digested blood called fecal spots are also signs of bed bugs’ presence. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, he recommends pulling back the sheet at the head of the bed and checking the seams on the top and bottom of the mattress and the box spring. Contrary to popular belief, bed bugs don’t burrow into mattresses; they stay on the surface. And after feeding on us they find a hideout, where they leave telltale brown or yellow droplets of digested blood called fecal spots. If they have already had a chance to reproduce, their nest might include translucent egg casings and young yellowish nymphs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re more of a nest type of insect,” said Bill Donahue, an entomologist and owner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierraresearchlaboratories.com/\">Sierra Research Laboratories\u003c/a> in Modesto, where he evaluates treatments against bed bugs and other pests. “There are areas where the bed bugs will congregate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944305\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_NYMPHS_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of young bed bugs, known as nymphs, stick close together in a nest. Empty egg casings are visible in the upper left corner. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Adult bed bugs are about the size and color of an apple seed. Young bugs, called nymphs, are smaller and yellowish or white. Guided by the carbon dioxide and heat that sleeping humans emit, they crawl quickly up wooden bed posts and over sheets to stick their long mouth part in and drink for about five minutes, until they’re completely full. They then hide in a nearby cranny, like the seam of the mattress or behind a baseboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heaven forbid you wake up with itchy red welts during your stay,” Potter said. “Then you want to be incredibly vigilant when you get home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944301\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FEEDS_ON_HUMAN_THUMB_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bed bug feeds on a human thumb. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He suggests putting clothes in the dryer or leaving unzipped suitcases inside a hot car, since bed bugs are susceptible to high temperatures. Some people take days, even weeks, to react to a bed bug bite, so bites aren’t a great indicator of when you were exposed to them. And though some people can suffer a severe skin reaction, bed bugs aren’t known to transmit any diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944302\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_FULL_OF_BLOOD_AFTER_FEEDING_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bed bug’s body is elongated after feeding on a human arm. Bed bugs need to take a blood meal to molt and grow to each of their five life stages. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Until the 1940s, bed bugs were a common occurrence in the U.S. After being nearly eradicated by the spraying of DDT in the 1950s, they’ve made a comeback worldwide in the past 20 years, aided by the widespread movement of people. They’ve been found all around the country in settings as varied as schools, dorms, hospitals, theaters, moving vans and even funeral homes, according to Potter. And they also move around on secondhand furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apartment dwellers are more vulnerable to infestation, as bugs can crawl from one flat to another. Because bed bugs hide away, they’re difficult to treat without the help of a professional, which can be expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CRAWLS_UP_BED_POST_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944311\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CRAWLS_UP_BED_POST_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An adult bed bug crawls up a bed post. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you think you have bed bugs, let your landlord know right away,” said entomologist \u003ca href=\"https://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=20584\">Andrew Sutherland\u003c/a>, the University of California’s urban pest management adviser for the San Francisco Bay Area. “It’s their responsibility to do inspections and to hire a reputable pest control operator to take care of the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because bed bugs are vulnerable to heat, a thermal treatment is “the gold standard,” said Luis Agurto, CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.pestec.com/\">Pestec\u003c/a>, a pest control company in the San Francisco Bay Area. Pestec places big heaters throughout an infested residence and warms it up to 122 degrees for two hours. Technicians armed with “guns” blow hot air into areas where bed bugs might be hiding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically making a big convection oven,” said Agurto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a thermal treatment, Pestec monitors for bed bugs for several weeks by placing a hard plastic cup under each bed post. The insects have no trouble climbing up the rough outside of these so-called interceptor cups, but then get trapped by the smooth inside, which they’re unable to scale. The company also uses insecticides and vacuum cleaners to get rid of infestations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944750\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944750\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_IN_INTERCEPTOR_CUP_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed bug has become trapped in an interceptor cup placed under a bed post. Bed bugs can crawl into these plastic cups, which have a rough outside, but are unable to climb up the smooth inside surface. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pestec has been called in to investigate and treat infestations, from as small as six bed bugs in an apartment in San Francisco’s Haight neighborhood, to a townhouse in a housing complex in the city’s Potrero Hill district, where bugs were “on all the surfaces,” said Agurto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are working to come up with more tools to get rid of bed bugs. At UC Irvine, biologist and engineer \u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=5386\">Catherine Loudon\u003c/a> is collaborating with several engineering labs on campus to create synthetic surfaces that could trap bed bugs. She was inspired by the tiny hooked hairs that grow from the leaves of some varieties of beans, such as kidney and green beans. In nature, the hairs pierce through the feet of the aphids and leafhoppers that like to feed on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_ON_BEAN_LEAF_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944309 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_CAUGHT_ON_BEAN_LEAF_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the lab of Catherine Loudon at UC Irvine, a bed bug tugs to break loose after its front left foot was pierced by a tiny hooked hair on a kidney bean leaf. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loudon got the idea from Potter, of the University of Kentucky, who mentioned to her a folk remedy he had read about. Residents of the Balkan countries used to spread bean leaves around their beds, and in the morning they’d find bed bugs attached to them. It turns out that the bed bugs’ feet were getting impaled by the hooked hairs on the bean leaves, called trichomes. Researchers have found that trichomes are just as effective against bed bugs, even though they don’t feed on leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kidney and green beans and other bean varieties have tiny hooked hairs on their leaves. These trichomes help the plant protect against leaf-eating pests like aphids, but also happen to trap blood-sucking bed bugs. \u003ccite>(Catherine Loudon/University of California, Irvine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944307\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944307\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_TRICHOME_PIERCES_BED_BUG_FOOT_CU_CREDIT-LOUDON_1080-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A trichome has pierced through the soft joint in a bed bug’s foot. \u003ccite>(Catherine Loudon/University of California, Irvine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loudon’s goal is to mimic a bean leaf’s mechanism to create an inexpensive, portable trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_STUCK_ON_SYNTHETIC_MATERIAL_CREDIT-LOUDON_500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944310\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DL_612BedBugs_BED_BUG_STUCK_ON_SYNTHETIC_MATERIAL_CREDIT-LOUDON_500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bed bug trapped by a tiny hook on a synthetic surface that mimics a bean leaf. This surface was made at UC Irvine, in the lab of engineer Allon Hochbaum. \u003ccite>(Catherine Loudon/University of California, Irvine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could imagine a strip that would act as a barrier that could be placed virtually anywhere: across the portal to a room, behind the headboard, on subway seats, an airplane,” Loudon said. “They have six legs, so that’s six opportunities to get trapped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "A Moment of Silence, Then a Lot of Fast Typing: Legendary Reporter Remembers the Moon Walk",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s true David Perlman is 100 years old, an impressive age for any human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But that’s not the most distinguishing thing about the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">I met him eight years ago in the media room at a science conference. Even among the accomplished wordsmiths of the international press corps, he was a legend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During a recent visit to his San Francisco home, I renewed our acquaintance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“What’s all this about?” he asks me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\"]‘I remember there was a moment of silence when the two guys climbed out of the spacecraft and actually set foot on the moon. And we typed our stories as fast as we could.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, 50 years ago, he was at Mission Control in Houston when men walked on the moon. What was it like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Perlman was covering arguably the most momentous event in human history for the San Francisco Chronicle, where he \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/David-Perlman-Journalist-and-colleague-11730357.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retired\u003c/a> as science editor two year ago. He’d worked for the paper since 1940, when he’d landed a job as copy boy. In 2014, Perlman \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1866788/at-98-legendary-science-writer-david-perlman-takes-early-retirement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> KQED’s Craig Miller he caught the journalism bug after seeing the 1931 film “The Front Page.” The film described newspaper reporters as \u003cspan class=\"s2\">“seedy, catatonic Paul Reveres, full of strange oaths and a touch of childhood,” Perlman said. \u003c/span>“I wanted to be like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Since then, he’s lived through the dawn of the atomic, space and computer ages. He still recalls details of stories he reported 40 years ago better than many of us can remember the events of last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Craig Miller described Perlman’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/David-Perlman-Moon-Landing.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corner cubicle\u003c/a> at the Chronicle as resembling “an archaeological dig.” But his home is quite tidy, though he is still surrounded by books, magazines and newspapers. Perlman stays on top of the news cycle even though he no longer has a hand in shaping it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944640\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944640\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-800x781.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-160x156.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-768x749.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-1020x995.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-1200x1171.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot, walks on the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For some time, Perlman says, he was the only Chronicle reporter covering science. In the summer of 1969, he was reporting on a medical conference in New York when\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>the police raided a gay bar in Greenwich Village called the Stonewall Inn, an incident that sparked the modern gay rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He switched gears and filed his story, then hopped on a plane to Houston. But he hadn’t booked a hotel, so the managing editor of The Washington Post let him stay in one of the rooms it had reserved for its own reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“So at least I had a place to sleep,” Perlman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In Houston, he worked alongside a hundred or so reporters from around the country. Normally an unimpressed bunch, the press corps were for those few days electrified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“At that time it was one of the most thrilling episodes any reporter could have expected in his life,” Perlman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Within the enormous press area, in a building across a highway from the control room, reporters watched the action on large screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"moonanniversary\"]“I remember there was a moment of silence when the two guys climbed out of the spacecraft and actually set foot on the moon,” Perlman said. “And we typed our stories as fast as we could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Larger media, such as the The New York Times and the Post, had sections of the room to themselves, set up like minibureaus. They also had the luxury of teletype machines, devices that could send text over a phone line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Reporters like me, all by ourselves, had a desk and that was all,” Perlman says. “But the desk had a typewriter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Western Union clerks walked up and down the aisles. Perlman typed a few paragraphs at a time, put his newspaper’s name at the top, and filed his story in sections by telegraph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">On July 21, 1969, the Chronicle ran Perlman’s front-page \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/Chronicle-Covers-The-moon-landing-the-biggest-8379277.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article\u003c/a> on the scientific observations that were already pouring in. Perlman’s lead reads:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Two men and a spaceship began to re-write the science of the solar system last night. Within minutes of their landing on the moon, in an exploration televised for all the earth to watch, they found unexpected rocks, collected uncontaminated nuclear particles frim the sun and examined craters of curious shapes and sizes. The rocks may well prove the existence of volcanic activity. Perhaps eons ago, perhaps very recently.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Subsequent missions have confirmed the moon’s\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>history of volcanic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">How long did it take to file this story about such a momentous event?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“A hell of a short time. I dunno, 20 minutes? You know, deadlines are deadlines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">And what was it like to be part of a day humans will probably still pay homage to in a thousand years, assuming we’re around? At the time, Perlman didn’t think that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I guess that’s because there wasn’t a lot of poetry in me,” he says. “I was covering a damn story! The important thing was to meet a deadline. Not to think about the implications in mankind’s quest for knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">After the moon landing, he wrote about virtually every planetary mission and discovery humans have made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s only much later that I’ve had a chance to stop and think, golly I was really part of a period of exploration that isn’t going to happen again until we go beyond the solar system and look at what is out there beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s only when people like you ask me a question that I stop and think a little poetically maybe about being part of human exploration of the unknown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, 50 years ago, he was at Mission Control in Houston when men walked on the moon. What was it like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Perlman was covering arguably the most momentous event in human history for the San Francisco Chronicle, where he \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/David-Perlman-Journalist-and-colleague-11730357.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retired\u003c/a> as science editor two year ago. He’d worked for the paper since 1940, when he’d landed a job as copy boy. In 2014, Perlman \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1866788/at-98-legendary-science-writer-david-perlman-takes-early-retirement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> KQED’s Craig Miller he caught the journalism bug after seeing the 1931 film “The Front Page.” The film described newspaper reporters as \u003cspan class=\"s2\">“seedy, catatonic Paul Reveres, full of strange oaths and a touch of childhood,” Perlman said. \u003c/span>“I wanted to be like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Since then, he’s lived through the dawn of the atomic, space and computer ages. He still recalls details of stories he reported 40 years ago better than many of us can remember the events of last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Craig Miller described Perlman’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/David-Perlman-Moon-Landing.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corner cubicle\u003c/a> at the Chronicle as resembling “an archaeological dig.” But his home is quite tidy, though he is still surrounded by books, magazines and newspapers. Perlman stays on top of the news cycle even though he no longer has a hand in shaping it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944640\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944640\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-800x781.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-160x156.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-768x749.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-1020x995.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium-1200x1171.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/as11-40-5903_medium.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot, walks on the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For some time, Perlman says, he was the only Chronicle reporter covering science. In the summer of 1969, he was reporting on a medical conference in New York when\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>the police raided a gay bar in Greenwich Village called the Stonewall Inn, an incident that sparked the modern gay rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He switched gears and filed his story, then hopped on a plane to Houston. But he hadn’t booked a hotel, so the managing editor of The Washington Post let him stay in one of the rooms it had reserved for its own reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“So at least I had a place to sleep,” Perlman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In Houston, he worked alongside a hundred or so reporters from around the country. Normally an unimpressed bunch, the press corps were for those few days electrified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“At that time it was one of the most thrilling episodes any reporter could have expected in his life,” Perlman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Within the enormous press area, in a building across a highway from the control room, reporters watched the action on large screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I remember there was a moment of silence when the two guys climbed out of the spacecraft and actually set foot on the moon,” Perlman said. “And we typed our stories as fast as we could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Larger media, such as the The New York Times and the Post, had sections of the room to themselves, set up like minibureaus. They also had the luxury of teletype machines, devices that could send text over a phone line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Reporters like me, all by ourselves, had a desk and that was all,” Perlman says. “But the desk had a typewriter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Western Union clerks walked up and down the aisles. Perlman typed a few paragraphs at a time, put his newspaper’s name at the top, and filed his story in sections by telegraph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">On July 21, 1969, the Chronicle ran Perlman’s front-page \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/chronicle_vault/article/Chronicle-Covers-The-moon-landing-the-biggest-8379277.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article\u003c/a> on the scientific observations that were already pouring in. Perlman’s lead reads:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Two men and a spaceship began to re-write the science of the solar system last night. Within minutes of their landing on the moon, in an exploration televised for all the earth to watch, they found unexpected rocks, collected uncontaminated nuclear particles frim the sun and examined craters of curious shapes and sizes. The rocks may well prove the existence of volcanic activity. Perhaps eons ago, perhaps very recently.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Subsequent missions have confirmed the moon’s\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>history of volcanic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">How long did it take to file this story about such a momentous event?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“A hell of a short time. I dunno, 20 minutes? You know, deadlines are deadlines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">And what was it like to be part of a day humans will probably still pay homage to in a thousand years, assuming we’re around? At the time, Perlman didn’t think that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I guess that’s because there wasn’t a lot of poetry in me,” he says. “I was covering a damn story! The important thing was to meet a deadline. Not to think about the implications in mankind’s quest for knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">After the moon landing, he wrote about virtually every planetary mission and discovery humans have made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s only much later that I’ve had a chance to stop and think, golly I was really part of a period of exploration that isn’t going to happen again until we go beyond the solar system and look at what is out there beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s only when people like you ask me a question that I stop and think a little poetically maybe about being part of human exploration of the unknown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fungus That's Killed Millions of Bats Detected in California",
"headTitle": "Fungus That’s Killed Millions of Bats Detected in California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the first time, an invasive fungus that causes a deadly bat disease has been detected in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-nose syndrome, one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://msphere.asm.org/content/1/4/e00148-16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consequential\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> wildlife diseases of modern times, has killed more than 6 million bats in North America since it was first discovered in New York in 2006. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The disease, which has devastated bat populations in Pennsylvania, New York and elsewhere in the Northeast, is caused by the fungus \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pseudogymnoascus destructans\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It is not known to be harmful to people or common house pets.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental officials discovered low levels of the fungus in samples collected from little brown bats, a common hibernating species, in the Plumas County town of Chester, about 65 miles northeast of Chico. Four bats have been found with traces of the fungus, one in 2018 and three this year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(W)e decided, two years in a row, even though they are low-level detection, we ought to call it. The fungus is here,” said \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Osborn, a senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All-Body Athlete’s Foot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-nose syndrome is a fungal infection that grows on the skin of bats while they hibernate. Osborn describes it as an “all-body case of athlete’s foot.” The infection irritates the bats, waking them from what should be a deep slumber.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They then use up their stored energy by grooming themselves. Because it’s winter, most of the bugs and insects that make up their food supply aren’t available, and the bats can’t replenish themselves. They die of starvation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It is not pleasant,” said Osborn. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The disease is extremely lethal where bats hibernate deeply for a long period in the winter.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the discovery of DNA evidence of the fungus is troubling, officials have yet to document a case of actual white-nose syndrome in California bats, or an indication that the fungus itself is affecting the animals. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is what we would expect to see in terms of how it starts to show up, at low levels with spring detections,” said Alice Chung-MacCoubrey, a bat biologist with the National Park Service. “It’s not surprising, it was just disappointing because everybody wants to keep getting negative results from their surveillance as long as possible.\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">”\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Different Hibernation Patterns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How the fungus will impact California bats is unclear. In caves, mines and other hibernaculum in the Northeast, the disease has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/science/25bats.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wiped out \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">nearly the entire population of some colonies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But northeastern bats hibernate congregated together in large roosts of thousands or even tens of thousands. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The suspicion is that California bats hibernate in much smaller roosts dispersed across larger areas, but officials know much less about bat hibernation patterns in the state. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The big question we’re asking,” said Bronwyn Hogan, a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is “‘what does this mean for the fungus spreading and development of the disease? We don’t have a great idea about that yet.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, Hogan said, officials are especially concerned about the fate of little brown bats, which are common in California, as well as about other hibernating species. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-nose syndrome has been confirmed in 33 states, and the fungus in an additional five including California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists and wildlife managers are searching for treatments and solutions that could be used to help infected bats, but Hogan said they have yet to find a workable solution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Officials on the Lookout\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now that the fungus has been officially detected, wildlife officials are expanding their bat surveillance across Northern California. They will begin a baseline study of bat populations later this summer, using acoustic monitoring devices and a count of bats as they leave their roosts. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If the disease does start impacting the local bat populations in subsequent years, we should see a drop-off in numbers,” Osborn said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Officials will also attach small radio transmitters to the backs of some bats in order to track their movements across the landscape, with the aim of learning their hibernation spots.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is an old question in the bat research community here,” said Chung-MacCoubrey. “Those who study and manage bats are interested in knowing where our western bat species are hibernating.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Department of Fish and Wildlife is leading a multiagency scientific research group called the California White-Nose Syndrome Steering Committee, which is studying how the disease affects the animals. The group also includes the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Geological Survey, among other agencies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Osborn said he hopes the news will raise people’s awareness of the disease, especially in colder parts of California like the higher elevations of the Sierra, where the fungus might thrive. He says people should watch for bats, either dead or active, in the winter. “That’s a sign that maybe the disease hit a local population,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A robust network of people looking for unusual bat behavior—\u003cbr>\nwhat Osborn calls a “passive surveillance network” — will increase the chances of detecting the first cases of white-nose syndrome if and when they occur.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The fungus causing a disease called white-nose syndrome, which has devastated bat populations in the Northeast, has been discovered in low levels in a handful of bats in Plumas County.",
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"description": "The fungus causing a disease called white-nose syndrome, which has devastated bat populations in the Northeast, has been discovered in low levels in a handful of bats in Plumas County.",
"title": "Fungus That's Killed Millions of Bats Detected in California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the first time, an invasive fungus that causes a deadly bat disease has been detected in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-nose syndrome, one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://msphere.asm.org/content/1/4/e00148-16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consequential\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> wildlife diseases of modern times, has killed more than 6 million bats in North America since it was first discovered in New York in 2006. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The disease, which has devastated bat populations in Pennsylvania, New York and elsewhere in the Northeast, is caused by the fungus \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pseudogymnoascus destructans\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It is not known to be harmful to people or common house pets.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental officials discovered low levels of the fungus in samples collected from little brown bats, a common hibernating species, in the Plumas County town of Chester, about 65 miles northeast of Chico. Four bats have been found with traces of the fungus, one in 2018 and three this year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(W)e decided, two years in a row, even though they are low-level detection, we ought to call it. The fungus is here,” said \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Osborn, a senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All-Body Athlete’s Foot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-nose syndrome is a fungal infection that grows on the skin of bats while they hibernate. Osborn describes it as an “all-body case of athlete’s foot.” The infection irritates the bats, waking them from what should be a deep slumber.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They then use up their stored energy by grooming themselves. Because it’s winter, most of the bugs and insects that make up their food supply aren’t available, and the bats can’t replenish themselves. They die of starvation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It is not pleasant,” said Osborn. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The disease is extremely lethal where bats hibernate deeply for a long period in the winter.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the discovery of DNA evidence of the fungus is troubling, officials have yet to document a case of actual white-nose syndrome in California bats, or an indication that the fungus itself is affecting the animals. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is what we would expect to see in terms of how it starts to show up, at low levels with spring detections,” said Alice Chung-MacCoubrey, a bat biologist with the National Park Service. “It’s not surprising, it was just disappointing because everybody wants to keep getting negative results from their surveillance as long as possible.\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">”\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Different Hibernation Patterns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">How the fungus will impact California bats is unclear. In caves, mines and other hibernaculum in the Northeast, the disease has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/science/25bats.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wiped out \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">nearly the entire population of some colonies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But northeastern bats hibernate congregated together in large roosts of thousands or even tens of thousands. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The suspicion is that California bats hibernate in much smaller roosts dispersed across larger areas, but officials know much less about bat hibernation patterns in the state. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The big question we’re asking,” said Bronwyn Hogan, a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is “‘what does this mean for the fungus spreading and development of the disease? We don’t have a great idea about that yet.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, Hogan said, officials are especially concerned about the fate of little brown bats, which are common in California, as well as about other hibernating species. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">White-nose syndrome has been confirmed in 33 states, and the fungus in an additional five including California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists and wildlife managers are searching for treatments and solutions that could be used to help infected bats, but Hogan said they have yet to find a workable solution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Officials on the Lookout\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now that the fungus has been officially detected, wildlife officials are expanding their bat surveillance across Northern California. They will begin a baseline study of bat populations later this summer, using acoustic monitoring devices and a count of bats as they leave their roosts. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If the disease does start impacting the local bat populations in subsequent years, we should see a drop-off in numbers,” Osborn said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Officials will also attach small radio transmitters to the backs of some bats in order to track their movements across the landscape, with the aim of learning their hibernation spots.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is an old question in the bat research community here,” said Chung-MacCoubrey. “Those who study and manage bats are interested in knowing where our western bat species are hibernating.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Department of Fish and Wildlife is leading a multiagency scientific research group called the California White-Nose Syndrome Steering Committee, which is studying how the disease affects the animals. The group also includes the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Geological Survey, among other agencies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Osborn said he hopes the news will raise people’s awareness of the disease, especially in colder parts of California like the higher elevations of the Sierra, where the fungus might thrive. He says people should watch for bats, either dead or active, in the winter. “That’s a sign that maybe the disease hit a local population,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A robust network of people looking for unusual bat behavior—\u003cbr>\nwhat Osborn calls a “passive surveillance network” — will increase the chances of detecting the first cases of white-nose syndrome if and when they occur.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jackie Sones knows the area around Bodega way really well. As a research coordinator with the Bodega Marine Reserve, she visits the shoreline nearly every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 18, she saw something she’d never seen before: hundreds or maybe thousands of dead mussels along the shores of Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been working here for about 15 years,” she said. “We have seen mussel die-offs in small patches in the intertidal zone, but nothing like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Researchers think the death of so many mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a heat wave that hit the Bay Area June 8-11. According to a European satellite agency, temperatures last month worldwide were the hottest in June on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of warming waters on marine life has been widely studied, but researchers say it’s less common to see such organisms dying from hot coastal air, which is suspected in this case.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sones, who wrote about the mussel die-off on her \u003ca href=\"https://bodegahead.blogspot.com/2019/06/too-hot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a>, spoke with KQED Host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/minakim\">Mina Kim\u003c/a> on the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872002/researchers-june-heatwave-baked-local-mussels\">Forum\u003c/a>” radio program Wednesday. They were joined by Eric Simons, digital editor of Bay Nature magazine, who wrote that the June heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/06/26/californias-early-june-heat-wave-cooked-coastal-mussels-in-place/\">cooked the mussels\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Sones’ and Simons’ answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Do you know when this happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Sones:\u003c/strong> It’s likely that it was that June 9-11 period. The air temperatures were far above normal. It was over 20 or 25 degrees higher than normal for that time of year. We believe that that those higher temperatures, combined with mid-day low tides, contributed to the mortalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How is it that that air temperature, about 75 degrees or so, was able to affect these mussels so badly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Simons\u003c/strong>: It’s not really the air temperature; it’s the temperature of the rock, the surface they’re on. On a 75-degree day, the rock can be 100 degrees or 105 degrees and the mussels are trying to vent that hot air; they’re trying to to get rid of it, but the seabreeze we usually get was gone. They just sit and they cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Don’t mussels have a way of dealing with this? There are hotter months than June for the coast.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> We see quite warm air temperatures in late summer and early fall. However, the timing of the low tides is different [stranding them out of water]. And also there is some aspect to this that might be related to the shock of an extreme-heat day, where there’s nothing leading up to that and all of a sudden you just have a super-high temperature and the animals aren’t prepared for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do we know the geographic extent of the die-off? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ES: \u003c/strong> There was a study going on for quite a while where they had sensors out in the mussel beds to track the temperatures up and down the West Coast. That study ran out of money two years ago. It’s fortunate even that that Jackie was out and noticed and saw this — it takes observers who are out and are paying attention and know what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How important are mussels to the marine ecosystem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> Mussels are amazing. They’re a very important foundation species. That’s similar to the trees in the forest, or kelp in a kelp forest, or corals for a coral reef. These animals provide a lot of habitat and shelter for many different animals. In the case of mussel beds, if you look at one particular site you might find over 300 different species living within the mussel bed. So they’re a critical species along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was the June heat wave a result of climate change? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>ES:\u003c/strong> It makes it more likely, certainly. You have this bad luck event, the low tide was during the middle of the day, when it was really hot outside and that that’s what baked them and killed them. These are animals that if this happened some other time when the low tide was at four in the morning it wouldn’t have been a problem. Climate change makes it more likely that you get heat waves earlier,\u003cem> \u003c/em>even in March and in April.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers think that a die-off of potentially thousands of mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a summer heat wave. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jackie Sones knows the area around Bodega way really well. As a research coordinator with the Bodega Marine Reserve, she visits the shoreline nearly every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 18, she saw something she’d never seen before: hundreds or maybe thousands of dead mussels along the shores of Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been working here for about 15 years,” she said. “We have seen mussel die-offs in small patches in the intertidal zone, but nothing like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Researchers think the death of so many mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a heat wave that hit the Bay Area June 8-11. According to a European satellite agency, temperatures last month worldwide were the hottest in June on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of warming waters on marine life has been widely studied, but researchers say it’s less common to see such organisms dying from hot coastal air, which is suspected in this case.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sones, who wrote about the mussel die-off on her \u003ca href=\"https://bodegahead.blogspot.com/2019/06/too-hot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a>, spoke with KQED Host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/minakim\">Mina Kim\u003c/a> on the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872002/researchers-june-heatwave-baked-local-mussels\">Forum\u003c/a>” radio program Wednesday. They were joined by Eric Simons, digital editor of Bay Nature magazine, who wrote that the June heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/06/26/californias-early-june-heat-wave-cooked-coastal-mussels-in-place/\">cooked the mussels\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Sones’ and Simons’ answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Do you know when this happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Sones:\u003c/strong> It’s likely that it was that June 9-11 period. The air temperatures were far above normal. It was over 20 or 25 degrees higher than normal for that time of year. We believe that that those higher temperatures, combined with mid-day low tides, contributed to the mortalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How is it that that air temperature, about 75 degrees or so, was able to affect these mussels so badly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Simons\u003c/strong>: It’s not really the air temperature; it’s the temperature of the rock, the surface they’re on. On a 75-degree day, the rock can be 100 degrees or 105 degrees and the mussels are trying to vent that hot air; they’re trying to to get rid of it, but the seabreeze we usually get was gone. They just sit and they cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Don’t mussels have a way of dealing with this? There are hotter months than June for the coast.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> We see quite warm air temperatures in late summer and early fall. However, the timing of the low tides is different [stranding them out of water]. And also there is some aspect to this that might be related to the shock of an extreme-heat day, where there’s nothing leading up to that and all of a sudden you just have a super-high temperature and the animals aren’t prepared for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do we know the geographic extent of the die-off? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ES: \u003c/strong> There was a study going on for quite a while where they had sensors out in the mussel beds to track the temperatures up and down the West Coast. That study ran out of money two years ago. It’s fortunate even that that Jackie was out and noticed and saw this — it takes observers who are out and are paying attention and know what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How important are mussels to the marine ecosystem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> Mussels are amazing. They’re a very important foundation species. That’s similar to the trees in the forest, or kelp in a kelp forest, or corals for a coral reef. These animals provide a lot of habitat and shelter for many different animals. In the case of mussel beds, if you look at one particular site you might find over 300 different species living within the mussel bed. So they’re a critical species along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was the June heat wave a result of climate change? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>ES:\u003c/strong> It makes it more likely, certainly. You have this bad luck event, the low tide was during the middle of the day, when it was really hot outside and that that’s what baked them and killed them. These are animals that if this happened some other time when the low tide was at four in the morning it wouldn’t have been a problem. Climate change makes it more likely that you get heat waves earlier,\u003cem> \u003c/em>even in March and in April.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’re a Californian, you’ve probably seen news stories about how mishandled fireworks can cause fires on the Fourth of July. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/141220/fire-east-of-lake-berryessa-continues-to-spread\">In 2014\u003c/a>, for instance, a reveler\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/06/27/fourth-of-july-gone-bad-fireworks-casualty-warns-of-holiday-hazard/\"> set off fireworks\u003c/a> in Yolo County, near the Monticello Dam, igniting a blaze that took days to put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire scorched 6,500 acres, injured five firefighters and drove dozens of people from their homes. According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Americans start 18,000 fires per year due to mishandled fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the Fourth of July weekend, fire safety officials are warning: Don’t let this be you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, authorities recommend that you avoid the dangers of setting off your own fireworks displays and opt instead for the elaborate, majestic \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/06/30/how-do-fireworks-work/\">spectacles\u003c/a> planned by professionals. Check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11757974/free-things-to-do-this-july-4-weekend-from-fireworks-to-parades-and-pools\">this list\u003c/a> of fireworks shows and other free events in the Bay Area this Fourth of July weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still not convinced? Consider the impact of fireworks on air pollution. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District warns that every year at this time, the smoke, dust and soot from fireworks add to unhealthy spikes in particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider your health and the health of your family before lighting personal fireworks,” said Sarah Zahedi, a public information officer at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. “We really encourage people to enjoy bigger planned public fireworks instead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also encourages people to avoid firing up the barbecue, lighting a campfire and other fire-related activities that all add to overall air pollution, which weighs on everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re planning to light up some fireworks or simply enjoy them from afar, here are a few safety tips, compiled from experts around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stay Alert\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nText AlertSF to 888-777 to receive updates from the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management on any emergencies, evacuations, construction and road closures this Fourth of July. If you see someone doing something dangerous, call 911. (Do not call, however, if you only hear fireworks — keep 911 lines open for actionable items.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, for the first time ever, people from various San Francisco city agencies, including law enforcement, will be driving around San Francisco to disperse large groups using fireworks and confiscate them. The Oakland Police Department will have additional personnel on call for the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Know the Regulations in Your Community\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCheck \u003ca href=\"http://ca-fireworks.presskit247.com/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=508\">this list\u003c/a> to find out if fireworks are legal in your city this Fourth of July. California State Parks will be a popular destination for the weekend’s festivities, but fireworks are a big no-no. “We want to remind visitors that there are no fireworks allowed in State Parks units,” said information officer Adeline Yee. “If you are coming to visit the parks, leave your fireworks at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use Only Approved Fireworks\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough certain fireworks are legal in much of California, the state has a zero tolerance policy for both the sale and use of illegal fireworks — violators could face fines of up to $50,000 and jail time. Cal Fire issued this tweet as a lighthearted reminder:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"und\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CALFIRE?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CALFIRE\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/4thofJuly?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#4thofJuly\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/3rUsCkPB1j\">pic.twitter.com/3rUsCkPB1j\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE SHU (@CALFIRESHU) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIRESHU/status/1145686208489709568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 1, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Illegal fireworks include firecrackers, Roman candles, sky rockets, bottle rockets, aerial shells and other fireworks that move on the ground or in the air in an uncontrollable manner. Want to do a quick check? Look for the “safe and sane” label, a sign of fire marshal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Jonathan Baxter, a spokesman for the San Francisco Fire Department, also pointed out that sparklers are illegal in San Francisco. “Sparklers burn at 1,800 degrees, which is [hot] enough to burn gold,” he said. “So if it can burn gold, you can imagine what it can do to your hand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be Ready to Douse a Fire\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nNever point fireworks at yourself or another person, and never attempt to relight or fix a firework that won’t light. Designate a sober, responsible adult to light up the fireworks. Light one firework at a time, far away from dry grass, and have a bucket of water or a hose handy in case something goes wrong. “Wildfires have become a norm now,” said Yee. “We want to make sure [people] do anything they can to prevent any wildfires from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, this may sound obvious, but alcohol and fireworks do not mix well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consider Those With PTSD\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFireworks can trigger symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans or victims of gun violence. Last year, Emma González, a survivor of the Parkland, Florida, school shootings, tweeted \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Emma4Change/status/1008764296921341952\">this plea\u003c/a> to consider buying fireworks that produce less sound, and to notify others in your community of plans to use fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Leave Your Dogs Indoors\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDogs are afraid of fireworks. Keep your pet indoors in a safe and relaxing spot, away from doors or windows to reduce noise. Some experts even recommend playing classical music to calm your pooch during this scary night. Here are some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758991/6-tips-from-a-vet-to-keep-your-pets-safe-on-july-fourth\">tips\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Properly Dispose of Fireworks\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAt the end of the celebration, all used and misfired fireworks should be submerged in water for 15 minutes and wrapped in a plastic bag to keep them from drying up. Then toss them in the household trash. Any unused fireworks that have not expired should be kept in a cool, dry place away from children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re a Californian, you’ve probably seen news stories about how mishandled fireworks can cause fires on the Fourth of July. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/141220/fire-east-of-lake-berryessa-continues-to-spread\">In 2014\u003c/a>, for instance, a reveler\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/06/27/fourth-of-july-gone-bad-fireworks-casualty-warns-of-holiday-hazard/\"> set off fireworks\u003c/a> in Yolo County, near the Monticello Dam, igniting a blaze that took days to put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire scorched 6,500 acres, injured five firefighters and drove dozens of people from their homes. According to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Americans start 18,000 fires per year due to mishandled fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the Fourth of July weekend, fire safety officials are warning: Don’t let this be you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, authorities recommend that you avoid the dangers of setting off your own fireworks displays and opt instead for the elaborate, majestic \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2016/06/30/how-do-fireworks-work/\">spectacles\u003c/a> planned by professionals. Check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11757974/free-things-to-do-this-july-4-weekend-from-fireworks-to-parades-and-pools\">this list\u003c/a> of fireworks shows and other free events in the Bay Area this Fourth of July weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still not convinced? Consider the impact of fireworks on air pollution. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District warns that every year at this time, the smoke, dust and soot from fireworks add to unhealthy spikes in particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consider your health and the health of your family before lighting personal fireworks,” said Sarah Zahedi, a public information officer at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. “We really encourage people to enjoy bigger planned public fireworks instead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also encourages people to avoid firing up the barbecue, lighting a campfire and other fire-related activities that all add to overall air pollution, which weighs on everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re planning to light up some fireworks or simply enjoy them from afar, here are a few safety tips, compiled from experts around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stay Alert\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nText AlertSF to 888-777 to receive updates from the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management on any emergencies, evacuations, construction and road closures this Fourth of July. If you see someone doing something dangerous, call 911. (Do not call, however, if you only hear fireworks — keep 911 lines open for actionable items.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, for the first time ever, people from various San Francisco city agencies, including law enforcement, will be driving around San Francisco to disperse large groups using fireworks and confiscate them. The Oakland Police Department will have additional personnel on call for the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Know the Regulations in Your Community\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCheck \u003ca href=\"http://ca-fireworks.presskit247.com/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=508\">this list\u003c/a> to find out if fireworks are legal in your city this Fourth of July. California State Parks will be a popular destination for the weekend’s festivities, but fireworks are a big no-no. “We want to remind visitors that there are no fireworks allowed in State Parks units,” said information officer Adeline Yee. “If you are coming to visit the parks, leave your fireworks at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use Only Approved Fireworks\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough certain fireworks are legal in much of California, the state has a zero tolerance policy for both the sale and use of illegal fireworks — violators could face fines of up to $50,000 and jail time. Cal Fire issued this tweet as a lighthearted reminder:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"und\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CALFIRE?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CALFIRE\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/4thofJuly?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#4thofJuly\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/3rUsCkPB1j\">pic.twitter.com/3rUsCkPB1j\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE SHU (@CALFIRESHU) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIRESHU/status/1145686208489709568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 1, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Illegal fireworks include firecrackers, Roman candles, sky rockets, bottle rockets, aerial shells and other fireworks that move on the ground or in the air in an uncontrollable manner. Want to do a quick check? Look for the “safe and sane” label, a sign of fire marshal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Jonathan Baxter, a spokesman for the San Francisco Fire Department, also pointed out that sparklers are illegal in San Francisco. “Sparklers burn at 1,800 degrees, which is [hot] enough to burn gold,” he said. “So if it can burn gold, you can imagine what it can do to your hand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be Ready to Douse a Fire\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nNever point fireworks at yourself or another person, and never attempt to relight or fix a firework that won’t light. Designate a sober, responsible adult to light up the fireworks. Light one firework at a time, far away from dry grass, and have a bucket of water or a hose handy in case something goes wrong. “Wildfires have become a norm now,” said Yee. “We want to make sure [people] do anything they can to prevent any wildfires from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, this may sound obvious, but alcohol and fireworks do not mix well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consider Those With PTSD\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFireworks can trigger symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans or victims of gun violence. Last year, Emma González, a survivor of the Parkland, Florida, school shootings, tweeted \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Emma4Change/status/1008764296921341952\">this plea\u003c/a> to consider buying fireworks that produce less sound, and to notify others in your community of plans to use fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Leave Your Dogs Indoors\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDogs are afraid of fireworks. Keep your pet indoors in a safe and relaxing spot, away from doors or windows to reduce noise. Some experts even recommend playing classical music to calm your pooch during this scary night. Here are some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758991/6-tips-from-a-vet-to-keep-your-pets-safe-on-july-fourth\">tips\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Properly Dispose of Fireworks\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAt the end of the celebration, all used and misfired fireworks should be submerged in water for 15 minutes and wrapped in a plastic bag to keep them from drying up. Then toss them in the household trash. Any unused fireworks that have not expired should be kept in a cool, dry place away from children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Arctic Fox Travels 2,700 Miles in 4 Months, a Record, Say Researchers",
"headTitle": "Arctic Fox Travels 2,700 Miles in 4 Months, a Record, Say Researchers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A young female fox, just shy of her first birthday, stunned scientists by covering an unbelievable distance during a short, four-month trek. The animal, also known as a coastal or blue fox, traveled more than 2,700 miles from Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard Archipelago of Norway, to Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada. The journey is among the longest dispersal events ever recorded for the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from the Norwegian Polar Institute first fitted the fox with a tracking collar in 2017 and released her into nature as part of a larger and ongoing study about the spatial ecology of arctic foxes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/3512/9288\">report\u003c/a> led by researchers Eva Fuglei and Arnaud Tarroux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months the fox stayed along the coastline of western Spitsbergen. Toward the end of March 2018, she took off, changing course several times when she met open water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After finding ice-covered sea for the first time, the fox left Spitsbergen. Having traveled for 21 days and about 939 miles, she arrived in Greenland on April 16, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, in 2010 an adult female arctic fox in the Canadian Arctic set off on a journey. She traveled more than 2,800 miles in total but over a longer period of 5.5 months. She used sea ice to link distant regions, as did the Svalbard fox, which eventually arrived on Canada’s Ellesmere Island on July 1, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By crossing extensive stretches of sea and ice glacier during her journey, the fox highlighted “the exceptional movement capacity of this small-sized carnivore species,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fox’s average traveling speed varied greatly throughout her trip, hitting a mean of about 28 miles per day. Her fastest recorded movement rate was about 96 miles per day while crossing the ice sheet in northwestern Greenland. This indicates that she was using sea ice mostly to help her travel, rather than as a place to forage for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, to our knowledge, the fastest movement rate ever recorded for this species,” the researchers said. In comparison, the young fox was 1.4 times faster than the maximum rate of the previously recorded adult male arctic fox monitored in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An average \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/a/arctic-fox/\">arctic fox\u003c/a> lives to be 3 to 6 years old in the wild. They carry a thick coat of fur that helps them survive brutal temperatures as low as minus 58 degrees Fahrenheit. The animals hunt marine birds, fish and small rodents such as lemmings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers suggest the fox may have initially left Norway because of a scarcity of food. During winter, for example, the foxes tend to rely on the leftover scraps from large predators like polar bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found privacy in February. That’s when the tracker stopped working and researchers can no longer locate her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Arctic+Fox+Sets+Record+In+Walking+From+Norway+To+Canada&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"headline": "Arctic Fox Travels 2,700 Miles in 4 Months, a Record, Say Researchers",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A young female fox, just shy of her first birthday, stunned scientists by covering an unbelievable distance during a short, four-month trek. The animal, also known as a coastal or blue fox, traveled more than 2,700 miles from Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard Archipelago of Norway, to Ellesmere Island in Nunavut, Canada. The journey is among the longest dispersal events ever recorded for the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from the Norwegian Polar Institute first fitted the fox with a tracking collar in 2017 and released her into nature as part of a larger and ongoing study about the spatial ecology of arctic foxes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/3512/9288\">report\u003c/a> led by researchers Eva Fuglei and Arnaud Tarroux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months the fox stayed along the coastline of western Spitsbergen. Toward the end of March 2018, she took off, changing course several times when she met open water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After finding ice-covered sea for the first time, the fox left Spitsbergen. Having traveled for 21 days and about 939 miles, she arrived in Greenland on April 16, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, in 2010 an adult female arctic fox in the Canadian Arctic set off on a journey. She traveled more than 2,800 miles in total but over a longer period of 5.5 months. She used sea ice to link distant regions, as did the Svalbard fox, which eventually arrived on Canada’s Ellesmere Island on July 1, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By crossing extensive stretches of sea and ice glacier during her journey, the fox highlighted “the exceptional movement capacity of this small-sized carnivore species,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fox’s average traveling speed varied greatly throughout her trip, hitting a mean of about 28 miles per day. Her fastest recorded movement rate was about 96 miles per day while crossing the ice sheet in northwestern Greenland. This indicates that she was using sea ice mostly to help her travel, rather than as a place to forage for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is, to our knowledge, the fastest movement rate ever recorded for this species,” the researchers said. In comparison, the young fox was 1.4 times faster than the maximum rate of the previously recorded adult male arctic fox monitored in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An average \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/a/arctic-fox/\">arctic fox\u003c/a> lives to be 3 to 6 years old in the wild. They carry a thick coat of fur that helps them survive brutal temperatures as low as minus 58 degrees Fahrenheit. The animals hunt marine birds, fish and small rodents such as lemmings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers suggest the fox may have initially left Norway because of a scarcity of food. During winter, for example, the foxes tend to rely on the leftover scraps from large predators like polar bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She found privacy in February. That’s when the tracker stopped working and researchers can no longer locate her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Arctic+Fox+Sets+Record+In+Walking+From+Norway+To+Canada&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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