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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:55 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 21\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is weather forecasters' holiday travel advice in brief for those planning trips in and around the Bay Area and Northern California: Be prepared to deal with off-and-on wet weather from now through Boxing Day and a bit beyond. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/121973/the-day-after-december-the-26th-in-lore-and-celebration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Boxing Day\u003c/a>, forecasters may or may not tell you, is the day after Christmas.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while weather models and their human interpreters agree we'll be seeing episodes of rain in the lowlands and snow in the mountains over the next week, the storms to come promise only light to moderate amounts of precipitation. So neither blizzard nor toad-strangler (a heavy downpour) is foreseen in the coming days in these parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And temperatures: They'll be on the cool side throughout, with highs mostly in the 50s and lows in the high 30s to mid-40s in most of the Bay Area (highs in the low 30s in the mountain resort areas with lows in the upper teens and 20s).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Caveat: \u003c/strong>Keep checking the forecasts. The go-to sources: \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Weather Service San Francisco Bay Area\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Weather Service Sacramento\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a day-by-day breakdown:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Saturday and Sunday, Dec. 21-22 \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Bay Area:\u003c/strong> A cool, cloudy day with rain developing over the North Bay counties late in the evening as a cold front approaches from the west. The heaviest rain in the San Francisco-Oakland area and South Bay into the Santa Cruz Mountains is expected early Sunday morning with showers anticipated throughout the day. Rainfall amounts will range from a quarter inch or less in the typically drier South Bay locations (San Jose, for instance) to as much as an inch in the central Bay Area (Richmond, Oakland, San Francisco) to an inch-plus in Marin County and up to 2 inches in the predictably soggy reaches of the Russian River drainage in northwestern Sonoma County. The weather system is also expected to bring gusty winds, prompting the National Weather Service to post \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=wind%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wind advisory\u003c/a> for the East Bay Hills and the Diablo Range (in southeastern Alameda County and eastern Santa Clara County). Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 50 mph are forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1208471709382139904\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mountains: \u003c/strong>The National Weather Service has posted \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=sto&wwa=winter%20weather%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a winter weather advisory\u003c/a> for areas above 4,000 feet from 10 p.m. Saturday through 10 p.m. Sunday. Snowfall forecasts are rather light — just 4 to 7 inches except over the very highest terrain, where 1 to 2 feet could fall. If you're headed into the mountains, be ready for snow- and ice-covered roads and brief periods of whiteout conditions. The usual cautions apply: Carry chains unless you have a four-wheel drive vehicle with snow tires on all four wheels, and make sure you have food, water and warm clothes in case of extended highway delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1208390414266290176\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday-Tuesday, Dec. 23-Christmas Eve: \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Bay Area:\u003c/strong> No rain is forecast Monday. The latest thinking on Tuesday, Christmas Eve, is that it will be mostly cloudy but dry, with rain in the overnight hours of Christmas morning. But the National Weather Service notes Saturday afternoon that weather models have been inconsistent and forecasters' confidence on timing and rainfall amounts is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mountains:\u003c/strong> A 20% to 30% chance of snow is forecast both Monday and Tuesday, with only light accumulations expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday-Friday, Christmas Day-Dec. 27: \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Bay Area:\u003c/strong> Rain, especially in the afternoon. Showery weather possible Thursday. The latest forecast (Saturday, Dec. 21) foresees dry and sunny weather Friday.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMountains:\u003c/strong> Those 20%-30% snow chances? They persist into throughout the week, again with only light accumulations expected.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:55 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 21\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is weather forecasters' holiday travel advice in brief for those planning trips in and around the Bay Area and Northern California: Be prepared to deal with off-and-on wet weather from now through Boxing Day and a bit beyond. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/121973/the-day-after-december-the-26th-in-lore-and-celebration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Boxing Day\u003c/a>, forecasters may or may not tell you, is the day after Christmas.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while weather models and their human interpreters agree we'll be seeing episodes of rain in the lowlands and snow in the mountains over the next week, the storms to come promise only light to moderate amounts of precipitation. So neither blizzard nor toad-strangler (a heavy downpour) is foreseen in the coming days in these parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And temperatures: They'll be on the cool side throughout, with highs mostly in the 50s and lows in the high 30s to mid-40s in most of the Bay Area (highs in the low 30s in the mountain resort areas with lows in the upper teens and 20s).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Caveat: \u003c/strong>Keep checking the forecasts. The go-to sources: \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Weather Service San Francisco Bay Area\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Weather Service Sacramento\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a day-by-day breakdown:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Saturday and Sunday, Dec. 21-22 \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Bay Area:\u003c/strong> A cool, cloudy day with rain developing over the North Bay counties late in the evening as a cold front approaches from the west. The heaviest rain in the San Francisco-Oakland area and South Bay into the Santa Cruz Mountains is expected early Sunday morning with showers anticipated throughout the day. Rainfall amounts will range from a quarter inch or less in the typically drier South Bay locations (San Jose, for instance) to as much as an inch in the central Bay Area (Richmond, Oakland, San Francisco) to an inch-plus in Marin County and up to 2 inches in the predictably soggy reaches of the Russian River drainage in northwestern Sonoma County. The weather system is also expected to bring gusty winds, prompting the National Weather Service to post \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=wind%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wind advisory\u003c/a> for the East Bay Hills and the Diablo Range (in southeastern Alameda County and eastern Santa Clara County). Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts up to 50 mph are forecast.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mountains: \u003c/strong>The National Weather Service has posted \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=sto&wwa=winter%20weather%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a winter weather advisory\u003c/a> for areas above 4,000 feet from 10 p.m. Saturday through 10 p.m. Sunday. Snowfall forecasts are rather light — just 4 to 7 inches except over the very highest terrain, where 1 to 2 feet could fall. If you're headed into the mountains, be ready for snow- and ice-covered roads and brief periods of whiteout conditions. The usual cautions apply: Carry chains unless you have a four-wheel drive vehicle with snow tires on all four wheels, and make sure you have food, water and warm clothes in case of extended highway delays.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday-Tuesday, Dec. 23-Christmas Eve: \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Bay Area:\u003c/strong> No rain is forecast Monday. The latest thinking on Tuesday, Christmas Eve, is that it will be mostly cloudy but dry, with rain in the overnight hours of Christmas morning. But the National Weather Service notes Saturday afternoon that weather models have been inconsistent and forecasters' confidence on timing and rainfall amounts is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mountains:\u003c/strong> A 20% to 30% chance of snow is forecast both Monday and Tuesday, with only light accumulations expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday-Friday, Christmas Day-Dec. 27: \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Bay Area:\u003c/strong> Rain, especially in the afternoon. Showery weather possible Thursday. The latest forecast (Saturday, Dec. 21) foresees dry and sunny weather Friday.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMountains:\u003c/strong> Those 20%-30% snow chances? They persist into throughout the week, again with only light accumulations expected.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "1987 Report Suggested PG&E Study C-Hooks, But Utility Can't Say Whether It Followed Up",
"title": "1987 Report Suggested PG&E Study C-Hooks, But Utility Can't Say Whether It Followed Up",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the latest twist in the saga surrounding how PG&E maintained the high-voltage power line that sparked California's deadliest wildfire, the company is acknowledging that it received troubling information about a key piece of hardware used on its transmission towers more than 30 years ago, but is unable to say what steps, if any, it took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6588960/PG-E-Dec-19-2019-Response-to-Alsup-Questions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a federal court filing\u003c/a> Thursday, the company confirmed part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/pge-alerted-to-risk-of-worn-hooks-back-in-1987/2194359/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a recent NBC Bay Area report\u003c/a> that it had conducted tests of \"C-hooks\" used in connecting insulators and power lines to transmission towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11791486,news_11791785,news_11789259 label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hooks and their maintenance history are the focus of attention because a badly worn C-hook on a PG&E transmission tower in Butte County snapped early the morning of Nov. 8, 2018, allowing a charged piece of cable to swing free. The resulting arc sparked the Camp Fire, which destroyed most of Paradise and two nearby communities and killed 85 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its Thursday response to a series of 10 technical questions from U.S. District Judge William Alsup, who is overseeing the company's criminal probation for federal pipeline safety violations, PG&E released \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6588959/PG-E-1987-Report-on-Worn-C-Hooks-J-Hooks.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 1987 report\u003c/a> that briefly outlined concerns about worn hooks discovered on a Contra Costa County transmission line and reported the results of strength tests on the hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1987 report says a PG&E transmission and distribution manager asked for the tests on a pair of worn hooks \"because there was a concern that they may not be able to hold the weight of insulator strings that are suspended from them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/pge-c-hooks.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/pge-c-hooks-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"390\" height=\"273\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worn suspension hook, variously referred to as a C-hook or J-hook, found on a PG&E high-voltage transmission tower in Contra Costa County. The hook, which a PG&E lab said may have suffered wear from supporting swinging power lines, underwent testing in early 1987 and failed at far less than its design strength.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E tested two worn hooks, which had been removed from a tower on the Oleum-G transmission line in Contra Costa County, along with a third hook that had no visible sign of wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hooks had an \"ultimate strength\" rating of 30,000 pounds — the predicted amount of force that could be applied to them before they failed. But in the tests, the worn hooks from the Oleum-G line failed at just 11,500 pounds. The third, apparently undamaged, hook failed at a much lower point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hook without visible flaws failed at 6,900 lbs. and the rating for these hooks is 30,000 lbs,\" the report observed. \"This would suggest that a test be done on some random samples of different manufacturers’ hooks from PG&E stores to check their strength against specifications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its Thursday filing, PG&E said it had been unable to find any evidence that the recommended testing had taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PG&E has searched for records relating to any such strength testing during the late 1980s but has not located any such records that have been retained,\" the company's lawyers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new document also rejects expert opinions reported in the Dec. 11 NBC Bay Area report about the 1987 tests that \"PG&E was aware of a big problem and did nothing to solve that problem,\" and that the company \"knew there was a problem for 30 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that those statements ignored its program of transmission line inspections. For the tower involved in starting the Camp Fire, PG&E has said it conducted routine ground inspections every five years and that aerial and infrared inspections were conducted repeatedly on the associated transmission line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the California Public Utilities Commission noted in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11789259/state-probe-says-pge-missed-deadly-flaw-on-line-that-sparked-camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently released investigative report\u003c/a> on the Camp Fire that PG&E crews had not performed a close-up climbing inspection of the tower that sparked the fire since at least 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This omission is a violation of PG&E's own policy requiring climbing inspection on towers where recurring problems exist,\" the report said. \"... A climbing inspection of the incident tower during that time could have identified the worn C-hook before it failed, and that its timely replacement could have prevented ignition of the Camp Fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E's new filing notes that the utility's 50,000-plus transmission towers include hundreds of thousands of C-hooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In answer to a specific question from Alsup about whether the company had ever noticed any worn C-hooks or hanger plates — devices that secure the hooks to towers — prior to the Camp Fire, PG&E listed about a dozen cases of wear involving hooks on about 70 towers dating back to 1987. It noted two other occasions where hooks failed in the decade before the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the latest twist in the saga surrounding how PG&E maintained the high-voltage power line that sparked California's deadliest wildfire, the company is acknowledging that it received troubling information about a key piece of hardware used on its transmission towers more than 30 years ago, but is unable to say what steps, if any, it took in response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6588960/PG-E-Dec-19-2019-Response-to-Alsup-Questions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a federal court filing\u003c/a> Thursday, the company confirmed part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/pge-alerted-to-risk-of-worn-hooks-back-in-1987/2194359/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a recent NBC Bay Area report\u003c/a> that it had conducted tests of \"C-hooks\" used in connecting insulators and power lines to transmission towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hooks and their maintenance history are the focus of attention because a badly worn C-hook on a PG&E transmission tower in Butte County snapped early the morning of Nov. 8, 2018, allowing a charged piece of cable to swing free. The resulting arc sparked the Camp Fire, which destroyed most of Paradise and two nearby communities and killed 85 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its Thursday response to a series of 10 technical questions from U.S. District Judge William Alsup, who is overseeing the company's criminal probation for federal pipeline safety violations, PG&E released \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6588959/PG-E-1987-Report-on-Worn-C-Hooks-J-Hooks.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 1987 report\u003c/a> that briefly outlined concerns about worn hooks discovered on a Contra Costa County transmission line and reported the results of strength tests on the hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1987 report says a PG&E transmission and distribution manager asked for the tests on a pair of worn hooks \"because there was a concern that they may not be able to hold the weight of insulator strings that are suspended from them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/pge-c-hooks.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/pge-c-hooks-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"390\" height=\"273\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worn suspension hook, variously referred to as a C-hook or J-hook, found on a PG&E high-voltage transmission tower in Contra Costa County. The hook, which a PG&E lab said may have suffered wear from supporting swinging power lines, underwent testing in early 1987 and failed at far less than its design strength.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E tested two worn hooks, which had been removed from a tower on the Oleum-G transmission line in Contra Costa County, along with a third hook that had no visible sign of wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hooks had an \"ultimate strength\" rating of 30,000 pounds — the predicted amount of force that could be applied to them before they failed. But in the tests, the worn hooks from the Oleum-G line failed at just 11,500 pounds. The third, apparently undamaged, hook failed at a much lower point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hook without visible flaws failed at 6,900 lbs. and the rating for these hooks is 30,000 lbs,\" the report observed. \"This would suggest that a test be done on some random samples of different manufacturers’ hooks from PG&E stores to check their strength against specifications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its Thursday filing, PG&E said it had been unable to find any evidence that the recommended testing had taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PG&E has searched for records relating to any such strength testing during the late 1980s but has not located any such records that have been retained,\" the company's lawyers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new document also rejects expert opinions reported in the Dec. 11 NBC Bay Area report about the 1987 tests that \"PG&E was aware of a big problem and did nothing to solve that problem,\" and that the company \"knew there was a problem for 30 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that those statements ignored its program of transmission line inspections. For the tower involved in starting the Camp Fire, PG&E has said it conducted routine ground inspections every five years and that aerial and infrared inspections were conducted repeatedly on the associated transmission line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the California Public Utilities Commission noted in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11789259/state-probe-says-pge-missed-deadly-flaw-on-line-that-sparked-camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently released investigative report\u003c/a> on the Camp Fire that PG&E crews had not performed a close-up climbing inspection of the tower that sparked the fire since at least 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This omission is a violation of PG&E's own policy requiring climbing inspection on towers where recurring problems exist,\" the report said. \"... A climbing inspection of the incident tower during that time could have identified the worn C-hook before it failed, and that its timely replacement could have prevented ignition of the Camp Fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E's new filing notes that the utility's 50,000-plus transmission towers include hundreds of thousands of C-hooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In answer to a specific question from Alsup about whether the company had ever noticed any worn C-hooks or hanger plates — devices that secure the hooks to towers — prior to the Camp Fire, PG&E listed about a dozen cases of wear involving hooks on about 70 towers dating back to 1987. It noted two other occasions where hooks failed in the decade before the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Family separations at the border. Anxiety and trauma in young people. Wildfires and power outages. The ever-present fear of the Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, we take a look at what you’ve been most interested in reading on KQED — and 2019’s list might initially strike you as a sobering one. Yet amid these serious topics, you also found time to read about personal health and wellness, why artists are underpaid and the very best places to find the ultimate dumpling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our most-read stories on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52994/how-to-help-teenage-girls-reframe-anxiety-and-strengthen-resilience\">How to Help Teenage Girls Reframe Anxiety and Strengthen Resilience\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Mindshift blog (now also a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/mindshift\">podcast\u003c/a>) is consistently one of our most-visited, popular with educators and parents alike for its perspectives on the future of learning. This story from February — the most-read on our site in 2019 — explores how some degree of stress and anxiety is not only normal but essential for human growth, and how we can particularly help adolescent girls through life’s tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724799/family-separations-flourish-in-homeland-security-grey-area-despite-ban\">Family Separations Continue in Homeland Security ‘Gray Area’ Despite Ban\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFamily separation at the border was a major concern for KQED readers this year. This story from February reported how hundreds of migrant children have been separated from their parents — even after a federal judge ordered the Trump administration to stop the practice in June 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722223/toddler-separated-from-family-at-border-is-returned-in-san-francisco\">Toddler Separated From Family at Border Reunited with Mom in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGiving a personal insight into how family separation impacts individual families, this affecting story detailed the Bay Area reunion between 23-year-old Sindy Ortiz Flores and her 18-month-old daughter, after the child was taken from her father near Calexico by U.S. Border Patrol agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791863\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52881/why-mindfulness-and-trauma-informed-teaching-dont-always-go-together\">Why Mindfulness And Trauma-Informed Teaching Don’t Always Go Together\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMindfulness is a fast-growing trend and teachers are turning to the practice as a simple way to restore calm to the classroom — but that might not be as simple as it seems. This story explores how some of the ways mindfulness is practiced — sitting still, eyes closed, in silence — can also be triggers for students who have experienced trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949669/map-of-potential-power-shutoffs-in-northern-california-by-pge\">Map: Current PG&E Power Outages\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn October, the beleaguered utility began its historic shutoff program in an effort to prevent destructive fires, affecting millions of California residents — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11781060/pge-power-safety-shutoffs-could-continue-for-10-years-says-ceo\">PG&E says that’s just the start\u003c/a>. No wonder so many of you were interested in this map showing which areas would be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949911/map-of-the-kincade-fire-in-sonoma-county\">Map of Kincade Fire in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Kincade Fire, which ignited outside Geyserville in October, destroyed many structures but thankfully took zero lives. Our map showed readers the fire perimeter, evacuation zones, road closures, emergency shelters and more, alongside \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">a regularly updated list of fire resources from KQED News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A look at some other stories that were hugely popular on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The science stories you read most\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791865\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists say the Hayward Fault is due for another major earthquake. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">Map: Here’s Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith wildfires becoming California’s “new normal,” the potentially dangerous impact on air quality was clearly a priority for many of you in fire-adjacent areas. Our resources on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">how to protect yourself from smoke\u003c/a> were also viewed and shared many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936949/do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand\">Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis year brought us several disconcerting shakes, with each one making us think about the terrifying possibilities of a bigger earthquake hitting the Bay Area. It’s unsurprising, therefore, that so many of you wanted this question answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMore quake concerns: This time, you turned to KQED Science’s comprehensive guide to prepping your family and your home for a potential major emergency. From evacuation planning to earthquake kits and home improvement, there’s never a bad time to read this guide. Seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The arts and culture cuts you loved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 801px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11792018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png 801w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-800x508.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In our interview, rapper Keak Da Sneak worried that California correctional facilities have little compassion for inmates with disabilities. \u003ccite>(Joel Galvan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13849409/keak-da-sneak-heads-to-prison-no-compassion-for-disabilities-he-says\">Keak Da Sneak Heads to Prison; ‘No Compassion’ for Disabilities, He Says\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLongtime Bay Area hip-hop fixture Keak Da Sneak was left disabled by a 2017 shooting that placed him in critical condition. In this interview he detailed his concern about the medical care he would receive during his upcoming prison sentence for firearm possession. After KQED broke the story, the rapper’s sentence was delayed: A decision his manager attributed in part to the coverage this story led to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13857471/artist-passion-exploitation-duke-study\">Why Do Employers Lowball Creatives? A New Study Has Answers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Artists being asked to work for “exposure” is a long-running complaint in the creative industry — but what if their passion for their craft was actually being used as a justification for their exploitation? We \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13853392/working-for-exposure-audience-survey\">heard from many of you\u003c/a> who read this and shared your experiences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13865555/thirty-seconds-to-mars-jared-leto-started-a-cult-because-of-course-he-did\">Thirty Seconds to Mars’ Jared Leto Started a Cult—Because of Course He Did\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne of the frankly weirder stories on our site in 2019, this deep dive into actor and musician Jared Leto’s band Thirty Seconds to Mars and their increasingly cultish activities surrounding their fan communities continues to be one of our most-read articles. When, it wonders, does fan devotion begin to resemble something more disconcerting?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The food stories you ate up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791868\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-800x490.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What are the best dumplings around the Bay Area? Our list investigated. \u003ccite>(Min Jing/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/134814/a-guide-to-the-bay-areas-favorite-dumplings\">Are These the Best Dumpling Spots in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/guides-2\">food guides\u003c/a> are some of the most popular pages on our website, and this list of top-notch dumpling restaurants around the Bay Area was no exception. But…did we include your favorite?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/130967/5-bay-area-coffee-shops-you-should-visit-before-they-disappear\">5 Bay Area Coffee Shops You Should Visit Before They Disappear \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA high turnover of beloved cafes, restaurants and bars is one of the Bay Area’s more sobering economic realities, making it no surprise this guide — which celebrates old-fashioned diners — struck a chord with you all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/135303/eat-drink-like-youre-in-the-1920s-two-nights-a-week\">Eat & Drink Like You’re in the 1920s, Two Nights a Week\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince we’re headed into the 20s (again), it’s perhaps fitting how many of you wanted to read about this 1920s-style spot in San Jose, which boasts an invisible ragtime orchestra and an authentic soda fountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The most popular Forum interviews\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png 804w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-800x464.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869165/ucsfs-dean-ornish-on-how-to-undo-chronic-diseases\">UCSF’s Dean Ornish on How to ‘Undo’ Chronic Diseases\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough interviews with experts are the backbone of our morning call-in show, health and wellness was a clear theme in 2019 — as evidenced by your interest in this interview with the founder of UCSF’s Preventive Medicine Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869290/mary-pipher-celebrates-power-of-older-women-in-women-who-row-north\">Mary Pipher Celebrates Power of Older Women in ‘Women Who Row North’\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBest-known for her 1994 bestseller “Reviving Ophelia,” examining the societal pressures on adolescent girls, this interview with author Mary Pipher explores how women contend with aging in a society that often values them less as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873734/a-doctors-quest-to-heal-her-mysterious-chronic-illness\">A Doctor’s Quest to Heal Her Mysterious, Chronic Illness\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCynthia Li was a successful doctor in her 30s when an autoimmune disease torpedoed her health, with mysterious symptoms that baffled her doctors. She joined us to explain her long journey to understanding her condition and rethinking the way medicine is practiced.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Family separations at the border. Anxiety and trauma in young people. Wildfires and power outages. The ever-present fear of the Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, we take a look at what you’ve been most interested in reading on KQED — and 2019’s list might initially strike you as a sobering one. Yet amid these serious topics, you also found time to read about personal health and wellness, why artists are underpaid and the very best places to find the ultimate dumpling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our most-read stories on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52994/how-to-help-teenage-girls-reframe-anxiety-and-strengthen-resilience\">How to Help Teenage Girls Reframe Anxiety and Strengthen Resilience\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Mindshift blog (now also a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/mindshift\">podcast\u003c/a>) is consistently one of our most-visited, popular with educators and parents alike for its perspectives on the future of learning. This story from February — the most-read on our site in 2019 — explores how some degree of stress and anxiety is not only normal but essential for human growth, and how we can particularly help adolescent girls through life’s tough times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724799/family-separations-flourish-in-homeland-security-grey-area-despite-ban\">Family Separations Continue in Homeland Security ‘Gray Area’ Despite Ban\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFamily separation at the border was a major concern for KQED readers this year. This story from February reported how hundreds of migrant children have been separated from their parents — even after a federal judge ordered the Trump administration to stop the practice in June 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11722223/toddler-separated-from-family-at-border-is-returned-in-san-francisco\">Toddler Separated From Family at Border Reunited with Mom in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGiving a personal insight into how family separation impacts individual families, this affecting story detailed the Bay Area reunion between 23-year-old Sindy Ortiz Flores and her 18-month-old daughter, after the child was taken from her father near Calexico by U.S. Border Patrol agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791863\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/girl-thru-glass-1180x664-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52881/why-mindfulness-and-trauma-informed-teaching-dont-always-go-together\">Why Mindfulness And Trauma-Informed Teaching Don’t Always Go Together\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMindfulness is a fast-growing trend and teachers are turning to the practice as a simple way to restore calm to the classroom — but that might not be as simple as it seems. This story explores how some of the ways mindfulness is practiced — sitting still, eyes closed, in silence — can also be triggers for students who have experienced trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949669/map-of-potential-power-shutoffs-in-northern-california-by-pge\">Map: Current PG&E Power Outages\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn October, the beleaguered utility began its historic shutoff program in an effort to prevent destructive fires, affecting millions of California residents — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11781060/pge-power-safety-shutoffs-could-continue-for-10-years-says-ceo\">PG&E says that’s just the start\u003c/a>. No wonder so many of you were interested in this map showing which areas would be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949911/map-of-the-kincade-fire-in-sonoma-county\">Map of Kincade Fire in Sonoma County\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Kincade Fire, which ignited outside Geyserville in October, destroyed many structures but thankfully took zero lives. Our map showed readers the fire perimeter, evacuation zones, road closures, emergency shelters and more, alongside \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">a regularly updated list of fire resources from KQED News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A look at some other stories that were hugely popular on KQED this year:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The science stories you read most\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791865\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/05-1020x574-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists say the Hayward Fault is due for another major earthquake. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">Map: Here’s Your Current Air Quality Report for the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWith wildfires becoming California’s “new normal,” the potentially dangerous impact on air quality was clearly a priority for many of you in fire-adjacent areas. Our resources on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">how to protect yourself from smoke\u003c/a> were also viewed and shared many times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936949/do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand\">Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis year brought us several disconcerting shakes, with each one making us think about the terrifying possibilities of a bigger earthquake hitting the Bay Area. It’s unsurprising, therefore, that so many of you wanted this question answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMore quake concerns: This time, you turned to KQED Science’s comprehensive guide to prepping your family and your home for a potential major emergency. From evacuation planning to earthquake kits and home improvement, there’s never a bad time to read this guide. Seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The arts and culture cuts you loved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 801px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11792018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"801\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak.png 801w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/keak-800x508.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 801px) 100vw, 801px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In our interview, rapper Keak Da Sneak worried that California correctional facilities have little compassion for inmates with disabilities. \u003ccite>(Joel Galvan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13849409/keak-da-sneak-heads-to-prison-no-compassion-for-disabilities-he-says\">Keak Da Sneak Heads to Prison; ‘No Compassion’ for Disabilities, He Says\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLongtime Bay Area hip-hop fixture Keak Da Sneak was left disabled by a 2017 shooting that placed him in critical condition. In this interview he detailed his concern about the medical care he would receive during his upcoming prison sentence for firearm possession. After KQED broke the story, the rapper’s sentence was delayed: A decision his manager attributed in part to the coverage this story led to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13857471/artist-passion-exploitation-duke-study\">Why Do Employers Lowball Creatives? A New Study Has Answers\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Artists being asked to work for “exposure” is a long-running complaint in the creative industry — but what if their passion for their craft was actually being used as a justification for their exploitation? We \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13853392/working-for-exposure-audience-survey\">heard from many of you\u003c/a> who read this and shared your experiences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13865555/thirty-seconds-to-mars-jared-leto-started-a-cult-because-of-course-he-did\">Thirty Seconds to Mars’ Jared Leto Started a Cult—Because of Course He Did\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne of the frankly weirder stories on our site in 2019, this deep dive into actor and musician Jared Leto’s band Thirty Seconds to Mars and their increasingly cultish activities surrounding their fan communities continues to be one of our most-read articles. When, it wonders, does fan devotion begin to resemble something more disconcerting?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The food stories you ate up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11791868\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/iStock-860957840-1020x625-800x490.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What are the best dumplings around the Bay Area? Our list investigated. \u003ccite>(Min Jing/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/134814/a-guide-to-the-bay-areas-favorite-dumplings\">Are These the Best Dumpling Spots in the Bay Area?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/guides-2\">food guides\u003c/a> are some of the most popular pages on our website, and this list of top-notch dumpling restaurants around the Bay Area was no exception. But…did we include your favorite?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/130967/5-bay-area-coffee-shops-you-should-visit-before-they-disappear\">5 Bay Area Coffee Shops You Should Visit Before They Disappear \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA high turnover of beloved cafes, restaurants and bars is one of the Bay Area’s more sobering economic realities, making it no surprise this guide — which celebrates old-fashioned diners — struck a chord with you all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/135303/eat-drink-like-youre-in-the-1920s-two-nights-a-week\">Eat & Drink Like You’re in the 1920s, Two Nights a Week\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince we’re headed into the 20s (again), it’s perhaps fitting how many of you wanted to read about this 1920s-style spot in San Jose, which boasts an invisible ragtime orchestra and an authentic soda fountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The most popular Forum interviews\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11791869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture.png 804w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Capture-800x464.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869165/ucsfs-dean-ornish-on-how-to-undo-chronic-diseases\">UCSF’s Dean Ornish on How to ‘Undo’ Chronic Diseases\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough interviews with experts are the backbone of our morning call-in show, health and wellness was a clear theme in 2019 — as evidenced by your interest in this interview with the founder of UCSF’s Preventive Medicine Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101869290/mary-pipher-celebrates-power-of-older-women-in-women-who-row-north\">Mary Pipher Celebrates Power of Older Women in ‘Women Who Row North’\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBest-known for her 1994 bestseller “Reviving Ophelia,” examining the societal pressures on adolescent girls, this interview with author Mary Pipher explores how women contend with aging in a society that often values them less as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873734/a-doctors-quest-to-heal-her-mysterious-chronic-illness\">A Doctor’s Quest to Heal Her Mysterious, Chronic Illness\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCynthia Li was a successful doctor in her 30s when an autoimmune disease torpedoed her health, with mysterious symptoms that baffled her doctors. She joined us to explain her long journey to understanding her condition and rethinking the way medicine is practiced.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s that time of year, again. Family meals, bands of merry carolers, decked-out Christmas trees, inflatable reindeer. And, don’t forget … the presents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But from stocking stuffers to gifts that barely fit under the tree, in some cases the ribbons, glitter and even paper used as wrapping can’t be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Reed, a spokesperson for \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/recology-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recology San Francisco\u003c/a>, says that over the holiday season, crews collect 17% more tons of recycling, compost and garbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a big increase,” Reed said. “A lot of consumption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed suggests gift givers go green by making more sustainable choices about not just what they buy, but what they wrap it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Avoid Shiny Paper and Glitter\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your wrap of choice is designed with glossy, reflective material, chances are it will end up in a landfill. That’s because shiny wrapping paper is often made with Mylar, a plastic film coated with aluminum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]Sustainable Gift Wrap Alternatives\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sunday comics, newspapers, old maps\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reusable tote bag\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Glass Mason jar\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Children’s drawings\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Traditional paper that isn’t shiny and can crumple[/pullquote]“We encourage people to avoid metallic wrapping paper,” Reed said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Metallic gift wrap typically doesn’t contain enough paper fibers to be useful in paper mills and can even contaminate other recyclable material. Laminated paper and paper coated with plastic or glitter should also be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those shiny stick-on bows and sparkly nylon ribbons?Unrecyclable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But simple matte wrapping paper, even the colorful kind, can be tossed in the blue recycle bin without concern, Reed says. As for tissue paper, the San Francisco Department of the Environment \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/recycle-specialty-gift-wrap-tissue-paper-or-shiny-wrapping-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says \u003c/a>it should be composted, except if it contains metal or plastic, in which case it can be neither composted nor recycled. Keep in mind different counties will have different requirements for specific items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.recyclenow.com/what-to-do-with/wrapping-paper-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recyle Now\u003c/a>, a United Kingdom recycling program, suggests a rule of thumb for which wrapping paper can be recycled and which can’t. It’s called the Scrunch Test: Wrapping paper you can crumple up is a good candidate for recycling. But if it resists your scrunching, that could mean it’s not recyclable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PBps0ccvXc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Newspapers, Tea Towels, Tote Bags\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whether the paper you tear open over the holidays is recyclable or not, and no matter what the specific rules are in your area, recycling experts agree you can avoid the problem altogether by using \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/recycle-specialty-gift-wrap-tissue-paper-or-shiny-wrapping-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sustainable alternatives\u003c/a> to traditional, single-use gift wrap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reusing something is always the most sustainable option, and it can often be the most creative option as well,” said Charles Sheehan, spokesperson for SF Environment, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed suggested the tried-and-true method of repurposing the Sunday comics, maps, magazines and brown grocery bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, New York Times subscribers received free recyclable wrapping paper in the form of a sponsored advertisement. And the cover to the Times’ \u003ca href=\"https://store.nytimes.com/products/puzzlemania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Puzzle Mania\u003c/a> section on Sunday, geometrically patterned with bright-colored cubes, included a suggestion to use it as gift wrap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A way to bypass paper altogether: Package one gift inside another. For example, put a coffee mug into a reusable tote bag, and voilà: two presents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://earth911.com/living-well-being/events-entertainement/buy-or-diy-eco-friendly-gift-wrap/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Earth 911\u003c/a> offers a list of 11 eco-friendly substitutes for wrapping paper, including cotton tea towels, which could pair well with gifts for the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would encourage you to … think about including Mother Earth on your gift list,” said Reed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s that time of year, again. Family meals, bands of merry carolers, decked-out Christmas trees, inflatable reindeer. And, don’t forget … the presents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But from stocking stuffers to gifts that barely fit under the tree, in some cases the ribbons, glitter and even paper used as wrapping can’t be recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Reed, a spokesperson for \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/recology-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recology San Francisco\u003c/a>, says that over the holiday season, crews collect 17% more tons of recycling, compost and garbage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see a big increase,” Reed said. “A lot of consumption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed suggests gift givers go green by making more sustainable choices about not just what they buy, but what they wrap it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Avoid Shiny Paper and Glitter\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your wrap of choice is designed with glossy, reflective material, chances are it will end up in a landfill. That’s because shiny wrapping paper is often made with Mylar, a plastic film coated with aluminum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "Sustainable Gift Wrap Alternatives\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sunday comics, newspapers, old maps\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reusable tote bag\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Glass Mason jar\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Children’s drawings\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Traditional paper that isn’t shiny and can crumple",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We encourage people to avoid metallic wrapping paper,” Reed said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Metallic gift wrap typically doesn’t contain enough paper fibers to be useful in paper mills and can even contaminate other recyclable material. Laminated paper and paper coated with plastic or glitter should also be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those shiny stick-on bows and sparkly nylon ribbons?Unrecyclable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But simple matte wrapping paper, even the colorful kind, can be tossed in the blue recycle bin without concern, Reed says. As for tissue paper, the San Francisco Department of the Environment \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/recycle-specialty-gift-wrap-tissue-paper-or-shiny-wrapping-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says \u003c/a>it should be composted, except if it contains metal or plastic, in which case it can be neither composted nor recycled. Keep in mind different counties will have different requirements for specific items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.recyclenow.com/what-to-do-with/wrapping-paper-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recyle Now\u003c/a>, a United Kingdom recycling program, suggests a rule of thumb for which wrapping paper can be recycled and which can’t. It’s called the Scrunch Test: Wrapping paper you can crumple up is a good candidate for recycling. But if it resists your scrunching, that could mean it’s not recyclable.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8PBps0ccvXc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8PBps0ccvXc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Newspapers, Tea Towels, Tote Bags\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whether the paper you tear open over the holidays is recyclable or not, and no matter what the specific rules are in your area, recycling experts agree you can avoid the problem altogether by using \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/recycle-specialty-gift-wrap-tissue-paper-or-shiny-wrapping-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sustainable alternatives\u003c/a> to traditional, single-use gift wrap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reusing something is always the most sustainable option, and it can often be the most creative option as well,” said Charles Sheehan, spokesperson for SF Environment, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed suggested the tried-and-true method of repurposing the Sunday comics, maps, magazines and brown grocery bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, New York Times subscribers received free recyclable wrapping paper in the form of a sponsored advertisement. And the cover to the Times’ \u003ca href=\"https://store.nytimes.com/products/puzzlemania\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Puzzle Mania\u003c/a> section on Sunday, geometrically patterned with bright-colored cubes, included a suggestion to use it as gift wrap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A way to bypass paper altogether: Package one gift inside another. For example, put a coffee mug into a reusable tote bag, and voilà: two presents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://earth911.com/living-well-being/events-entertainement/buy-or-diy-eco-friendly-gift-wrap/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Earth 911\u003c/a> offers a list of 11 eco-friendly substitutes for wrapping paper, including cotton tea towels, which could pair well with gifts for the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would encourage you to … think about including Mother Earth on your gift list,” said Reed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "wall-street-could-make-1-billion-off-pges-bankruptcy-and-ratepayers-are-on-the-hook",
"title": "Wall Street Could Make $1 Billion Off PG&E's Bankruptcy – and Ratepayers Are on the Hook",
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"headTitle": "Wall Street Could Make $1 Billion Off PG&E’s Bankruptcy – and Ratepayers Are on the Hook | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>PG&E’s bankruptcy is making some people very rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the utility filed for Chapter 11 protection in January, lawyers and consultants have made a staggering $217 million. Big banks have netted $114 million in financing fees — and that number could top $1 billion by the time the company exits bankruptcy next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are reaping the bankruptcy windfall, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of hedge funds stand to make billions because they own nearly one-fifth of PG&E’s stock and bought up more than half of the wildfire insurance claims against the company — meaning they are basically on both sides of the negotiating table in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And stock prices are fluctuating wildly based on the latest twists and turns in the bankruptcy case, providing speculators the opportunity to make huge short-term returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mark Toney, president of TURN\"]‘[Bankruptcy is a] strategy of Wall Street to extract the maximum amount of cash from California ratepayers.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bankruptcy is big business for Wall Street, and PG&E’s Chapter 11 case is no different — except in this situation, utility ratepayers are the ones who will likely be picking up the bulk of the tab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PG&E’s sole source of revenue, the only way they earn money, is from ratepayer bills,” said Mark Toney, president of the ratepayer advocacy group TURN. “PG&E filed for bankruptcy voluntarily … PG&E didn’t have to go into bankruptcy. They did it for their financial advantage and to try to stick their shareholder costs to the ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bankruptcy, he charged, is a “strategy of Wall Street to extract the maximum amount of cash from California ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E disputes that characterization, noting through a spokeswoman that a state law passed earlier this year requires the utility’s exit plan from bankruptcy to be “neutral, to ratepayers, on average” and that shareholders will pay for the costs of the Chapter 11 case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gov. Gavin Newsom has raised concerns as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Friday, in a letter to PG&E executives, Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791271/gov-gavin-newsom-rejects-13-5-billion-pge-settlement\">rejected the utility’s current proposal\u003c/a> for exiting bankruptcy, saying it doesn’t do enough to ensure that the company will emerge stronger and better able to provide safe, reliable power. He wrote that PG&E’s proposal depends too much on borrowing money, and he wants more accountability — including a plan for essentially handing control of the company over to the state or another third party if it fails to meet the state’s requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Jared Ellias of UC Hastings College of the Law, an expert in bankruptcy law who has been following PG&E’s case closely, agreed that customers are the ones who will foot most of the bill for this bankruptcy — and that PG&E’s current plan for the future wouldn’t transform the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a ratepayer, it can be strange to watch all of these investors making money off PG&E while feeling kind of helpless, because chances are our rates are going to go up in the years to come,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This company isn’t leaving bankruptcy with a solution to its business problems,” Ellias added. “So I think as a ratepayer, it’s really easy to be cynical” about how the process benefits investors, banks, lawyers and other consultants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing billions of dollars in legal claims from wildfire victims and demands from the governor, state officials and a federal court to dramatically improve its safety performance, there’s no doubt that PG&E would have had to spend at least some of the money it’s now shelling out in bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11791423 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/GettyImages-1194346460.jpg']But there are major costs that the company wouldn’t be incurring if it hadn’t filed for bankruptcy, according to court filings and regulatory records reviewed by KQED News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellias said there’s an entire industry dedicated to helping shepherd big companies through bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a large number of professionals who are highly skilled, who specialize in helping companies like PG&E and their creditors deal with their problems. They are very, very skilled professionals … but they’re also incredibly expensive. And so when a company runs into financial trouble, they tend to have to spend a lot of money on lawyers and consultants and investment bankers to try to get a handle on what’s going on,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are doubts over whether the company will in fact emerge from the bankruptcy proceedings stronger, with less debt and better able to serve the 16 million residents who depend on it for power — even though the purpose of Chapter 11 is for a reorganized company to exit the process more financially stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally when a company leaves bankruptcy, they’ve convinced the judge that whatever their business problems were prior to entering into bankruptcy, they’ve solved those problems,” Ellias said. “They’ve chosen to use the bankruptcy process to try to manage the fire victims’ claims, … and to try to settle those claims. And that’s the main thing they’re going to accomplish in bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jared Ellias, professor at UC Hastings College of the Law\"]‘[PG&E] isn’t leaving bankruptcy with a solution to its business problems.’[/pullquote]But the new PG&E won’t have solved its most pressing challenge: How to stop causing devastating wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not leaving bankruptcy with a lot of ammunition in the tank to deal with the problems that are going to come to them in the years ahead,” Ellias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they leave, they’re not going to be all that different than the PG&E that filed for Chapter 11 in January.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Business of Bankruptcy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are many ways in which investors, lawyers and consultants are making money off PG&E’s bankruptcy. Some are straightforward, such as the money being paid out to attorneys, investment advisers and accounting firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are more nebulous and difficult to quantify — like the profits still being made from stock trades and the enormous sums that hedge funds stand to earn by essentially playing both sides of the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some are largely unknown, such as the fees being paid to banks that have agreed to finance future loans to the company, the terms of which are generally kept secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what KQED found after reviewing court filings and other records.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fees and Expenses: ‘Among the Most Expensive Bankruptcy Cases Ever’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The biggest ticket items so far are the fees and expenses charged to PG&E by lawyers, accountants, investment bankers and other consultants: According to a KQED review of court records, that bill totals at least $217,771,932.16 so far. That number encompasses all the fees and expenses filed with the bankruptcy court to date, generally covering the period from January through September, with some including October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s a bill that will only climb. U.S. Trustee Andrew Vara, the government watchdog overseeing PG&E’s case, wrote in a recent court filing that the professional fees in this case “are likely to rank eventually among the most expensive bankruptcy cases ever filed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791531\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelly Heigert/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under bankruptcy law, the company filing for Chapter 11 must pay for not only their own attorneys and consultants, but also for those representing the groups to whom the company owes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that in addition to their own lawyers, PG&E has been billed more than $26 million in attorney fees and expenses between January and October by the group representing wildfire victims; $21.5 million by financial advisers working for PG&E’s secured creditors; and nearly $18 million by the law firm charged with representing unsecured creditors — groups that PG&E owes money to that don’t have collateral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody who is considered a creditor, someone that PG&E owes money to, gets a seat at the table and they get their lawyer fees, all of the expert fees reimbursed,” said Toney, the ratepayer advocate. “So we’re talking about the hedge funds are getting reimbursed. We’re talking about the wildfire claimants, the insurance companies. … The only party not being represented is ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All the Company’s Lawyers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The seven law firms assisting PG&E in the bankruptcy have billed the company more than $125 million this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the biggest of those bills comes from Cravath, Swaine & Moore, PG&E’s lead attorneys for wildfire-related tort issues. The firm has billed more than $71 million in fees and expenses since the bankruptcy case was filed, including more than $13 million in September alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another firm, Munger, Tolles & Olson, represents PG&E before regulators and on wildfire liability issues. For the first 10 months of this year, the firm has billed nearly $20 million in legal fees and more than $250,000 in expenses. That includes $3.97 million in fees and expenses in October alone. Lawyers at the firm charge between $400 and $1,400 an hour; and expenses include $19,230.59 in hotel charges in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Weil, Gotshal & Manges, PG&E’s main bankruptcy attorneys, billed more than $23 million in fees and expenses through September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11782798 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1175134929-1020x676.jpg']Vara, the federal trustee overseeing the case, has questioned whether all the expenses are justified. In a September filing, he wrote he had found “$4 million in improper, excessive, or otherwise objectionable fees and expenses” and said the first round of fee applications “reflect numerous instances of questionable billing judgment and overstaffing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited internal meetings and conference calls involving 22 attorneys from the same firm; “numerous instances of large numbers of attorneys billing” for the same hearing; “implausibly high numbers of billable hours” by one lawyer in a single day — including one case in which a person billed for 24 hours in one day; and meals and transportation expenses charged to PG&E even when no case was done for the utility that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bankruptcy judge eventually approved all the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, PG&E told KQED News that the company has “retained expert advisors to help guide us through the complex Chapter 11 process – and help shape the business for the future – so that the company can remain focused on serving customers, enhancing our wildfire safety efforts, and working together with our stakeholders to create a more sustainable foundation for the delivery of safe, reliable and affordable service in the years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Financing Fees: Paying a Premium for Bankruptcy Loans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The other direct way PG&E is paying Wall Street is through borrowing money. The interest and fees associated with those loans could top $1 billion, even if the company doesn’t actually tap all the cash it’s qualified to borrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a company like PG&E files for bankruptcy, it must secure financing to carry it through the court proceedings. Those loans leapfrog to the head of the line, meaning they are guaranteed to be paid back ahead of other debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the company must set up exit financing to help ensure a smooth transition out of bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, PG&E secured $5.5 billion in financing at the beginning of the bankruptcy from 10 large institutions: J.P. Morgan Securities, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Barclays Bank, Citibank, BNP Paribas Securities, Credit Suisse Loan Funding, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, MUFG Union Bank and Wells Fargo Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this year, according to SEC filings, those loans have netted the banks $114 million in financing fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellias says studies have shown bankruptcy financing carries higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some ways it’s kind of like a penalty, where you did a poor job managing your business and now you can get this loan that is more expensive than what you should have had to pay,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786435\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11786435\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E CEO Bill Johnson addressed the utility's widespread power shutoffs at an emergency meeting of the California Public Utilities Commission on Oct. 18, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E CEO Bill Johnson addressed the utility’s widespread power shutoffs at an emergency meeting of the California Public Utilities Commission on Oct. 18, 2019. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less clear still is how much PG&E will pay for its next round of financing, though one estimate pegs the number at $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an Oct. 23 court filing, PG&E wrote that it plans to use $14 billion in equity commitment and has lined up $34 billion in bridge loans if it needs to draw on them for its exit financing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wrote in the filing that it does not currently anticipate having to draw on those bridge loans. But attorneys for wildfire victims pointed out in a court filing that even if the company doesn’t need the loans, it will still have to pay steep financing fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fees for this unnecessary financing could exceed $1 billion,” lawyer David J. Richardson, of the Baker & Hostetler firm, wrote in objecting to PG&E’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toney said this all shows who the bankruptcy’s biggest winners will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bankruptcy is a windfall for Wall Street. It’s a windfall for banks,” he said, noting that PG&E’s first bankruptcy ended up costing around $700 million — and that this one stands to be much more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a PG&E spokeswoman said that the new financing would actually save ratepayers up to $200 million a year by allowing the company to refinance existing, higher interest rate debt with debt at lower interest rates — a change that would save ratepayers money.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hedge Funds Playing Both Sides\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But perhaps no one stands to make as much as the 10 hedge funds that are playing both sides of PG&E’s bankruptcy and wildfire liability crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those 10 companies have bought into the company as stockholders. At the same time, they’ve bought billions of dollars’ worth of insurance company claims against the utility arising from the 2017 and 2018 wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791533\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"Hedge Funds Play Both Sides of PG&E Bankruptcy\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-800x517.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-1020x659.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-1200x776.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelly Heigert/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how that works: After a utility-caused wildfire, insurance companies pay customers for the damage they’ve suffered, then go after PG&E to recover the money they’ve paid out . But since the process can be long and drawn out — especially during a bankruptcy proceeding — the insurers are willing to sell their claims at a loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re an insurance company, you’re in the business of mitigating losses and minimizing risks,” said Ellias. “So when this company ran into financial trouble and then filed for bankruptcy, you had the option of selling your claim to hedge funds who would give you cash and then you could walk away from this situation … So you’re willing to part with your claims at a discount because you didn’t want to spend the next year taking on the risk of a bankruptcy filing and dealing with PG&E.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Wall Street Journal, Boston-based hedge fund Baupost Group has purchased at least $6 billion of its $7.4 billion in subrogation claims \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/klarmans-baupost-poised-to-cash-in-on-pg-e-insurance-bet-11568387840?mod=article_inline\">for around 30 to 35 cents on the dollar\u003c/a> — meaning it could make hundreds of millions of dollars under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11774069/pge-insurance-companies-strike-11-billion-deal-to-settle-wildfire-claims\">an $11 billion insurance settlement\u003c/a> proposed as part of the bankruptcy case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baupost also owns 24.5 million shares of PG&E stock, giving it an ownership stake in the company of about 4.6%. The shares have fluctuated wildly this year, but Baupost’s payout from the insurance settlement would more than make up for any losses the company has suffered on its stock holdings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics often refer to firms that trade in these types of distressed assets as “investment vultures.” Many of the shares were bought at bargain basement prices around the time PG&E filed for bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11788316 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/RS33848_couple_GettyImages-1060720780-1020x655.jpg']The fact that hedge funds stand to profit in this situation doesn’t sit right with Amy Bach, executive director of United Policyholders, which advocates for insurance consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t seem right that investors should be able to profit from a dynamic that they didn’t have any role in in the first place,” she said, noting that the original insurance companies, not hedge funds, took the risk to insure the consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bach said the complicated nature of these investments raises another concern: Whether the entry of more parties, like the hedge funds, into the bankruptcy proceedings has made the case more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just taking way longer than it should have because of the complexity of all these parties being involved, because there are so many hands that want to get into the pot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indiana University associate law professor Pamela Foohey said it’s not necessarily a bad thing that hedge funds are essentially on multiple sides of the negotiating table at once — they may have more of an interest in shaping an outcome to the bankruptcy that benefits all parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In large bankruptcies, there are repeat players simply because the entire financial industry in this country and most of the world is so compressed,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stocks: For Investors, Volatility Means Opportunity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Of course, while all this maneuvering is happening in bankruptcy court, PG&E remains a publicly traded company — giving aggressive investors opportunities to make money on its fluctuating stock prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of hedge funds look for volatility when they’re trading, they’re looking for assets that are moving around so they can buy them and sell them and buy them and sell them and make other bets on the price of the stock,” Ellias said. “So a boring public utility with stock is just kind of stable. That’s not that interesting necessarily to a hedge fund that’s trying to make a lot of money. They need volatility so they can trade. And this company has certainly supplied plenty of volatility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E shares have ping-ponged wildly over the past several years, from a high of $70 a share before the 2017 fires down to around $6 a share when the company filed for bankruptcy. In October, amid uncertainty in the bankruptcy case and news that PG&E lines had sparked another fire, shares plunged again to around $3.80 a share — but now sit around $10 a share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low numbers may sound bad — but volatility means opportunity. For example, in April the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/three-hedge-funds-win-big-in-pg-es-complex-restructuring-11555438398\">Wall Street Journal reported\u003c/a> that three hedge funds had bought about 10 percent of PG&E’s stock when it was at a record low, right after bankruptcy; if they had sold back then, they would have made around $700 million. Two of those — Abrams Capital Management and Redwood Capital Management LLC — also own those subrogation claims against the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foohey said the interest in PG&E’s stock could also be seen as a good thing for ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that there is an active trading market in the stock suggests that someone out there thinks the stock is worth something, which means they think the company … has the ability to be restructured,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any strength in the stock and share price stands to benefit wildfire victims, too — part of the $13.5 billion settlement reached in early December calls for survivors to receive 20 percent of the company’s shares as part of the broader payout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was also stellar news for current shareholders, Ellias said, who have been fighting with bondholders in court over who will control the company once it exits Chapter 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the current shareholders of the company who are really just fighting to stay in control and to still keep some part of their ownership share of this company after bankruptcy, this is a huge win,” Ellias said. “Huge win. I mean, the shares have been really trading up on this news. This is exciting news for the shareholders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those shareholders: Abrams and Baupost, the companies that are also making money off the insurance settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was updated on Dec. 18 to reflect statements provided by PG&E.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>PG&E’s bankruptcy is making some people very rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the utility filed for Chapter 11 protection in January, lawyers and consultants have made a staggering $217 million. Big banks have netted $114 million in financing fees — and that number could top $1 billion by the time the company exits bankruptcy next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are reaping the bankruptcy windfall, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of hedge funds stand to make billions because they own nearly one-fifth of PG&E’s stock and bought up more than half of the wildfire insurance claims against the company — meaning they are basically on both sides of the negotiating table in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And stock prices are fluctuating wildly based on the latest twists and turns in the bankruptcy case, providing speculators the opportunity to make huge short-term returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bankruptcy is big business for Wall Street, and PG&E’s Chapter 11 case is no different — except in this situation, utility ratepayers are the ones who will likely be picking up the bulk of the tab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PG&E’s sole source of revenue, the only way they earn money, is from ratepayer bills,” said Mark Toney, president of the ratepayer advocacy group TURN. “PG&E filed for bankruptcy voluntarily … PG&E didn’t have to go into bankruptcy. They did it for their financial advantage and to try to stick their shareholder costs to the ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bankruptcy, he charged, is a “strategy of Wall Street to extract the maximum amount of cash from California ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E disputes that characterization, noting through a spokeswoman that a state law passed earlier this year requires the utility’s exit plan from bankruptcy to be “neutral, to ratepayers, on average” and that shareholders will pay for the costs of the Chapter 11 case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gov. Gavin Newsom has raised concerns as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Friday, in a letter to PG&E executives, Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791271/gov-gavin-newsom-rejects-13-5-billion-pge-settlement\">rejected the utility’s current proposal\u003c/a> for exiting bankruptcy, saying it doesn’t do enough to ensure that the company will emerge stronger and better able to provide safe, reliable power. He wrote that PG&E’s proposal depends too much on borrowing money, and he wants more accountability — including a plan for essentially handing control of the company over to the state or another third party if it fails to meet the state’s requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Jared Ellias of UC Hastings College of the Law, an expert in bankruptcy law who has been following PG&E’s case closely, agreed that customers are the ones who will foot most of the bill for this bankruptcy — and that PG&E’s current plan for the future wouldn’t transform the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a ratepayer, it can be strange to watch all of these investors making money off PG&E while feeling kind of helpless, because chances are our rates are going to go up in the years to come,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This company isn’t leaving bankruptcy with a solution to its business problems,” Ellias added. “So I think as a ratepayer, it’s really easy to be cynical” about how the process benefits investors, banks, lawyers and other consultants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing billions of dollars in legal claims from wildfire victims and demands from the governor, state officials and a federal court to dramatically improve its safety performance, there’s no doubt that PG&E would have had to spend at least some of the money it’s now shelling out in bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But there are major costs that the company wouldn’t be incurring if it hadn’t filed for bankruptcy, according to court filings and regulatory records reviewed by KQED News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellias said there’s an entire industry dedicated to helping shepherd big companies through bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a large number of professionals who are highly skilled, who specialize in helping companies like PG&E and their creditors deal with their problems. They are very, very skilled professionals … but they’re also incredibly expensive. And so when a company runs into financial trouble, they tend to have to spend a lot of money on lawyers and consultants and investment bankers to try to get a handle on what’s going on,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are doubts over whether the company will in fact emerge from the bankruptcy proceedings stronger, with less debt and better able to serve the 16 million residents who depend on it for power — even though the purpose of Chapter 11 is for a reorganized company to exit the process more financially stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally when a company leaves bankruptcy, they’ve convinced the judge that whatever their business problems were prior to entering into bankruptcy, they’ve solved those problems,” Ellias said. “They’ve chosen to use the bankruptcy process to try to manage the fire victims’ claims, … and to try to settle those claims. And that’s the main thing they’re going to accomplish in bankruptcy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the new PG&E won’t have solved its most pressing challenge: How to stop causing devastating wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not leaving bankruptcy with a lot of ammunition in the tank to deal with the problems that are going to come to them in the years ahead,” Ellias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they leave, they’re not going to be all that different than the PG&E that filed for Chapter 11 in January.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Business of Bankruptcy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are many ways in which investors, lawyers and consultants are making money off PG&E’s bankruptcy. Some are straightforward, such as the money being paid out to attorneys, investment advisers and accounting firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are more nebulous and difficult to quantify — like the profits still being made from stock trades and the enormous sums that hedge funds stand to earn by essentially playing both sides of the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some are largely unknown, such as the fees being paid to banks that have agreed to finance future loans to the company, the terms of which are generally kept secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what KQED found after reviewing court filings and other records.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fees and Expenses: ‘Among the Most Expensive Bankruptcy Cases Ever’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The biggest ticket items so far are the fees and expenses charged to PG&E by lawyers, accountants, investment bankers and other consultants: According to a KQED review of court records, that bill totals at least $217,771,932.16 so far. That number encompasses all the fees and expenses filed with the bankruptcy court to date, generally covering the period from January through September, with some including October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s a bill that will only climb. U.S. Trustee Andrew Vara, the government watchdog overseeing PG&E’s case, wrote in a recent court filing that the professional fees in this case “are likely to rank eventually among the most expensive bankruptcy cases ever filed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791531\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Cost-of-PGE-Bankruptcy-Info.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelly Heigert/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Under bankruptcy law, the company filing for Chapter 11 must pay for not only their own attorneys and consultants, but also for those representing the groups to whom the company owes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that in addition to their own lawyers, PG&E has been billed more than $26 million in attorney fees and expenses between January and October by the group representing wildfire victims; $21.5 million by financial advisers working for PG&E’s secured creditors; and nearly $18 million by the law firm charged with representing unsecured creditors — groups that PG&E owes money to that don’t have collateral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody who is considered a creditor, someone that PG&E owes money to, gets a seat at the table and they get their lawyer fees, all of the expert fees reimbursed,” said Toney, the ratepayer advocate. “So we’re talking about the hedge funds are getting reimbursed. We’re talking about the wildfire claimants, the insurance companies. … The only party not being represented is ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>All the Company’s Lawyers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The seven law firms assisting PG&E in the bankruptcy have billed the company more than $125 million this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far the biggest of those bills comes from Cravath, Swaine & Moore, PG&E’s lead attorneys for wildfire-related tort issues. The firm has billed more than $71 million in fees and expenses since the bankruptcy case was filed, including more than $13 million in September alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another firm, Munger, Tolles & Olson, represents PG&E before regulators and on wildfire liability issues. For the first 10 months of this year, the firm has billed nearly $20 million in legal fees and more than $250,000 in expenses. That includes $3.97 million in fees and expenses in October alone. Lawyers at the firm charge between $400 and $1,400 an hour; and expenses include $19,230.59 in hotel charges in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Weil, Gotshal & Manges, PG&E’s main bankruptcy attorneys, billed more than $23 million in fees and expenses through September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Vara, the federal trustee overseeing the case, has questioned whether all the expenses are justified. In a September filing, he wrote he had found “$4 million in improper, excessive, or otherwise objectionable fees and expenses” and said the first round of fee applications “reflect numerous instances of questionable billing judgment and overstaffing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited internal meetings and conference calls involving 22 attorneys from the same firm; “numerous instances of large numbers of attorneys billing” for the same hearing; “implausibly high numbers of billable hours” by one lawyer in a single day — including one case in which a person billed for 24 hours in one day; and meals and transportation expenses charged to PG&E even when no case was done for the utility that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bankruptcy judge eventually approved all the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, PG&E told KQED News that the company has “retained expert advisors to help guide us through the complex Chapter 11 process – and help shape the business for the future – so that the company can remain focused on serving customers, enhancing our wildfire safety efforts, and working together with our stakeholders to create a more sustainable foundation for the delivery of safe, reliable and affordable service in the years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Financing Fees: Paying a Premium for Bankruptcy Loans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The other direct way PG&E is paying Wall Street is through borrowing money. The interest and fees associated with those loans could top $1 billion, even if the company doesn’t actually tap all the cash it’s qualified to borrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a company like PG&E files for bankruptcy, it must secure financing to carry it through the court proceedings. Those loans leapfrog to the head of the line, meaning they are guaranteed to be paid back ahead of other debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the company must set up exit financing to help ensure a smooth transition out of bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, PG&E secured $5.5 billion in financing at the beginning of the bankruptcy from 10 large institutions: J.P. Morgan Securities, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Barclays Bank, Citibank, BNP Paribas Securities, Credit Suisse Loan Funding, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, MUFG Union Bank and Wells Fargo Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this year, according to SEC filings, those loans have netted the banks $114 million in financing fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellias says studies have shown bankruptcy financing carries higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some ways it’s kind of like a penalty, where you did a poor job managing your business and now you can get this loan that is more expensive than what you should have had to pay,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786435\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11786435\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E CEO Bill Johnson addressed the utility's widespread power shutoffs at an emergency meeting of the California Public Utilities Commission on Oct. 18, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Image-from-iOS-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E CEO Bill Johnson addressed the utility’s widespread power shutoffs at an emergency meeting of the California Public Utilities Commission on Oct. 18, 2019. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Less clear still is how much PG&E will pay for its next round of financing, though one estimate pegs the number at $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an Oct. 23 court filing, PG&E wrote that it plans to use $14 billion in equity commitment and has lined up $34 billion in bridge loans if it needs to draw on them for its exit financing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wrote in the filing that it does not currently anticipate having to draw on those bridge loans. But attorneys for wildfire victims pointed out in a court filing that even if the company doesn’t need the loans, it will still have to pay steep financing fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fees for this unnecessary financing could exceed $1 billion,” lawyer David J. Richardson, of the Baker & Hostetler firm, wrote in objecting to PG&E’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toney said this all shows who the bankruptcy’s biggest winners will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bankruptcy is a windfall for Wall Street. It’s a windfall for banks,” he said, noting that PG&E’s first bankruptcy ended up costing around $700 million — and that this one stands to be much more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a PG&E spokeswoman said that the new financing would actually save ratepayers up to $200 million a year by allowing the company to refinance existing, higher interest rate debt with debt at lower interest rates — a change that would save ratepayers money.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hedge Funds Playing Both Sides\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But perhaps no one stands to make as much as the 10 hedge funds that are playing both sides of PG&E’s bankruptcy and wildfire liability crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those 10 companies have bought into the company as stockholders. At the same time, they’ve bought billions of dollars’ worth of insurance company claims against the utility arising from the 2017 and 2018 wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11791533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11791533\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"Hedge Funds Play Both Sides of PG&E Bankruptcy\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-800x517.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-1020x659.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides-1200x776.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/Hedge-Funds-On-Both-Sides.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelly Heigert/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how that works: After a utility-caused wildfire, insurance companies pay customers for the damage they’ve suffered, then go after PG&E to recover the money they’ve paid out . But since the process can be long and drawn out — especially during a bankruptcy proceeding — the insurers are willing to sell their claims at a loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re an insurance company, you’re in the business of mitigating losses and minimizing risks,” said Ellias. “So when this company ran into financial trouble and then filed for bankruptcy, you had the option of selling your claim to hedge funds who would give you cash and then you could walk away from this situation … So you’re willing to part with your claims at a discount because you didn’t want to spend the next year taking on the risk of a bankruptcy filing and dealing with PG&E.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Wall Street Journal, Boston-based hedge fund Baupost Group has purchased at least $6 billion of its $7.4 billion in subrogation claims \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/klarmans-baupost-poised-to-cash-in-on-pg-e-insurance-bet-11568387840?mod=article_inline\">for around 30 to 35 cents on the dollar\u003c/a> — meaning it could make hundreds of millions of dollars under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11774069/pge-insurance-companies-strike-11-billion-deal-to-settle-wildfire-claims\">an $11 billion insurance settlement\u003c/a> proposed as part of the bankruptcy case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baupost also owns 24.5 million shares of PG&E stock, giving it an ownership stake in the company of about 4.6%. The shares have fluctuated wildly this year, but Baupost’s payout from the insurance settlement would more than make up for any losses the company has suffered on its stock holdings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics often refer to firms that trade in these types of distressed assets as “investment vultures.” Many of the shares were bought at bargain basement prices around the time PG&E filed for bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The fact that hedge funds stand to profit in this situation doesn’t sit right with Amy Bach, executive director of United Policyholders, which advocates for insurance consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t seem right that investors should be able to profit from a dynamic that they didn’t have any role in in the first place,” she said, noting that the original insurance companies, not hedge funds, took the risk to insure the consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bach said the complicated nature of these investments raises another concern: Whether the entry of more parties, like the hedge funds, into the bankruptcy proceedings has made the case more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just taking way longer than it should have because of the complexity of all these parties being involved, because there are so many hands that want to get into the pot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indiana University associate law professor Pamela Foohey said it’s not necessarily a bad thing that hedge funds are essentially on multiple sides of the negotiating table at once — they may have more of an interest in shaping an outcome to the bankruptcy that benefits all parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In large bankruptcies, there are repeat players simply because the entire financial industry in this country and most of the world is so compressed,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stocks: For Investors, Volatility Means Opportunity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Of course, while all this maneuvering is happening in bankruptcy court, PG&E remains a publicly traded company — giving aggressive investors opportunities to make money on its fluctuating stock prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of hedge funds look for volatility when they’re trading, they’re looking for assets that are moving around so they can buy them and sell them and buy them and sell them and make other bets on the price of the stock,” Ellias said. “So a boring public utility with stock is just kind of stable. That’s not that interesting necessarily to a hedge fund that’s trying to make a lot of money. They need volatility so they can trade. And this company has certainly supplied plenty of volatility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E shares have ping-ponged wildly over the past several years, from a high of $70 a share before the 2017 fires down to around $6 a share when the company filed for bankruptcy. In October, amid uncertainty in the bankruptcy case and news that PG&E lines had sparked another fire, shares plunged again to around $3.80 a share — but now sit around $10 a share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low numbers may sound bad — but volatility means opportunity. For example, in April the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/three-hedge-funds-win-big-in-pg-es-complex-restructuring-11555438398\">Wall Street Journal reported\u003c/a> that three hedge funds had bought about 10 percent of PG&E’s stock when it was at a record low, right after bankruptcy; if they had sold back then, they would have made around $700 million. Two of those — Abrams Capital Management and Redwood Capital Management LLC — also own those subrogation claims against the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foohey said the interest in PG&E’s stock could also be seen as a good thing for ratepayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that there is an active trading market in the stock suggests that someone out there thinks the stock is worth something, which means they think the company … has the ability to be restructured,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any strength in the stock and share price stands to benefit wildfire victims, too — part of the $13.5 billion settlement reached in early December calls for survivors to receive 20 percent of the company’s shares as part of the broader payout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was also stellar news for current shareholders, Ellias said, who have been fighting with bondholders in court over who will control the company once it exits Chapter 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the current shareholders of the company who are really just fighting to stay in control and to still keep some part of their ownership share of this company after bankruptcy, this is a huge win,” Ellias said. “Huge win. I mean, the shares have been really trading up on this news. This is exciting news for the shareholders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those shareholders: Abrams and Baupost, the companies that are also making money off the insurance settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was updated on Dec. 18 to reflect statements provided by PG&E.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains \u003ca href=\"#correction\">a correction\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency that enforces air quality laws in the Bay Area has reached a $3.75 million settlement with a former employee who claimed he was fired for raising concerns that the agency deleted, threw away and shredded thousands of public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement concludes a case in which Michael Bachmann, a former manager in the Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s information services department, and a colleague sued the agency for allegedly retaliating against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and the other employee, Sarah Steele, filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Bay-Area-Pollution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> in Contra Costa County Superior Court against the BAAQMD in 2017. The agency settled with Steele for $250,000 earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accused the agency of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/clearing-out-the-file-cabinets-but-not-necessarily-the-air/Content?oid=27301158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">taking action against them\u003c/a> after they complained that air quality violation notices and other district communications were deleted from an online database and that reports about flaring at the region’s oil refineries were put in a dumpster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that $4 million speaks loudly,” said their lawyer, J. Gary Gwilliam, in an interview Monday. “They’re heroes. They stood up. Their careers were ruined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district board of directors approved the settlement on Oct. 2, according to agency spokeswoman Kristine Roselius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The air district has denied, and continues to deny, all allegations of wrongdoing,” Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board made this decision in the best interests of the communities we serve and to uphold our fiduciary responsibility. We made the decision to settle the complaint rather than consume the air district’s resources on an issue that would have distracted us from our mission to protect the Bay Area’s residents and its climate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former employees’ lawsuit said that while the district claimed Bachmann was fired for violating the agency’s vehicle use policy, insubordination and dishonesty on his employment application, the real reason he lost his job was retaliation over his complaints involving the public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and Steele said the district violated public records and labor laws and demanded compensation for lost wages and benefits, emotional distress and attorneys’ fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public records allegations arose as the air district prepared to move from its previous offices on Ellis Street in San Francisco to the Bay Area Metro Center on Beale Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann was tasked with collecting, storing and creating an inventory for the agency’s public documents. In 2015 he hired Steele to help remove files from the agency’s old office, digitize and store them at a storage site in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says that in August 2015, Bachmann learned from an agency employee that documents tied to a lawsuit involving a now-closed Berkeley factory were being destroyed, even though they were subject to a court subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit adds that in November 2015, Bachmann told a top district official that agency staff were throwing away notices of violations, flare reports and documents tied to ongoing litigation. The suit claims the district’s chief legal counsel told Bachmann that the agency did not need to document what it was destroying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2015, the suit recounted, Bachmann and Steele discovered that several thousand enforcement records, which included documents about air quality violations and district communication, were deleted from an online database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit claims both employees were subject to a “bogus investigation” after raising concerns the records were being improperly destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steele claimed that in January 2016, flare reports for the Chevron, Tesoro (now called Marathon) and Shell refineries were being discarded in a dumpster. She said after telling district staff she needed to collect and inventory the documents, a top official at the agency blocked her from doing so and complained about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks later Bachmann was put on administrative leave for violating the district’s vehicle use policy, the suit said. Steele was fired, she was told, because her project was over. The lawsuit claims her job was given to another worker who went on to destroy more agency records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gwilliam says the settlement changes Bachmann’s employment status from “terminated” to “retired.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He likened Bachmann and Steele to the whistleblower who raised concerns about \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Unclassified09.2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the July 25 phone call\u003c/a> between President Trump and the president of Ukraine that led to the current \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791414/house-slated-to-impeach-trump-this-week-how-it-will-work-and-what-comes-next\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">articles of impeachment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whistleblowers like Michael and Sarah need to be honored and appreciated,” he said. “These are the kinds of people we need to keep organizations, public and nonpublic, honest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> Based on statements from Michael Bachmann’s attorney, this story originally reported that Bachmann’s settlement with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed his employment status with the agency from “terminated” to “retired” so that he could receive retirement benefits. The attorney’s firm now says that the change in status will not qualify Bachmann for retirement benefits. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains \u003ca href=\"#correction\">a correction\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency that enforces air quality laws in the Bay Area has reached a $3.75 million settlement with a former employee who claimed he was fired for raising concerns that the agency deleted, threw away and shredded thousands of public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement concludes a case in which Michael Bachmann, a former manager in the Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s information services department, and a colleague sued the agency for allegedly retaliating against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and the other employee, Sarah Steele, filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Bay-Area-Pollution.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> in Contra Costa County Superior Court against the BAAQMD in 2017. The agency settled with Steele for $250,000 earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accused the agency of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/clearing-out-the-file-cabinets-but-not-necessarily-the-air/Content?oid=27301158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">taking action against them\u003c/a> after they complained that air quality violation notices and other district communications were deleted from an online database and that reports about flaring at the region’s oil refineries were put in a dumpster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that $4 million speaks loudly,” said their lawyer, J. Gary Gwilliam, in an interview Monday. “They’re heroes. They stood up. Their careers were ruined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district board of directors approved the settlement on Oct. 2, according to agency spokeswoman Kristine Roselius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The air district has denied, and continues to deny, all allegations of wrongdoing,” Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board made this decision in the best interests of the communities we serve and to uphold our fiduciary responsibility. We made the decision to settle the complaint rather than consume the air district’s resources on an issue that would have distracted us from our mission to protect the Bay Area’s residents and its climate,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former employees’ lawsuit said that while the district claimed Bachmann was fired for violating the agency’s vehicle use policy, insubordination and dishonesty on his employment application, the real reason he lost his job was retaliation over his complaints involving the public records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann and Steele said the district violated public records and labor laws and demanded compensation for lost wages and benefits, emotional distress and attorneys’ fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public records allegations arose as the air district prepared to move from its previous offices on Ellis Street in San Francisco to the Bay Area Metro Center on Beale Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bachmann was tasked with collecting, storing and creating an inventory for the agency’s public documents. In 2015 he hired Steele to help remove files from the agency’s old office, digitize and store them at a storage site in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says that in August 2015, Bachmann learned from an agency employee that documents tied to a lawsuit involving a now-closed Berkeley factory were being destroyed, even though they were subject to a court subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit adds that in November 2015, Bachmann told a top district official that agency staff were throwing away notices of violations, flare reports and documents tied to ongoing litigation. The suit claims the district’s chief legal counsel told Bachmann that the agency did not need to document what it was destroying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2015, the suit recounted, Bachmann and Steele discovered that several thousand enforcement records, which included documents about air quality violations and district communication, were deleted from an online database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit claims both employees were subject to a “bogus investigation” after raising concerns the records were being improperly destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steele claimed that in January 2016, flare reports for the Chevron, Tesoro (now called Marathon) and Shell refineries were being discarded in a dumpster. She said after telling district staff she needed to collect and inventory the documents, a top official at the agency blocked her from doing so and complained about her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks later Bachmann was put on administrative leave for violating the district’s vehicle use policy, the suit said. Steele was fired, she was told, because her project was over. The lawsuit claims her job was given to another worker who went on to destroy more agency records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gwilliam says the settlement changes Bachmann’s employment status from “terminated” to “retired.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He likened Bachmann and Steele to the whistleblower who raised concerns about \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Unclassified09.2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the July 25 phone call\u003c/a> between President Trump and the president of Ukraine that led to the current \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791414/house-slated-to-impeach-trump-this-week-how-it-will-work-and-what-comes-next\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">articles of impeachment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whistleblowers like Michael and Sarah need to be honored and appreciated,” he said. “These are the kinds of people we need to keep organizations, public and nonpublic, honest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"correction\">\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> Based on statements from Michael Bachmann’s attorney, this story originally reported that Bachmann’s settlement with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District changed his employment status with the agency from “terminated” to “retired” so that he could receive retirement benefits. The attorney’s firm now says that the change in status will not qualify Bachmann for retirement benefits. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "restoration-of-a-san-mateo-county-creek-reopens-a-gateway-for-endangered-salmon",
"title": "Restoration of a San Mateo County Creek Reopens a Gateway for Endangered Salmon",
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"headTitle": "Restoration of a San Mateo County Creek Reopens a Gateway for Endangered Salmon | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]magine you’re a fish. A coho salmon, to be specific. Your every instinct is telling you it’s time to migrate upstream from the ocean to spawn in the rivers and streams beyond. But instead of reaching those mountain tributaries and completing your life cycle, you’re blocked at every turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gateway to your spawning grounds has closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how Kellyx Nelson describes the predicament for coho in Butano Creek, a stream just outside the tiny farming town of Pescadero on the San Mateo County coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve, an estuary on the San Mateo County coast. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nelson is executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanmateorcd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo Resource Conservation District\u003c/a>. The agency is working to restore the wetlands of \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastsidestateparks.org/pescadero-marsh-natural-preserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pescasdero Marsh Natural Preserve\u003c/a> for endangered coho and other native species on the brink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year or two ago I walked down the creek with my waders on and all of a sudden you’re walking uphill and you’re on land,” Nelson said. “The creek was gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower Butano Creek had been clogged by a mile-and-a-half long plug of sediment where the stream once flowed through the marsh to meet the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over one stretch, a forest had grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson says the blockage was the result of nearly two centuries of farming, logging and re-engineering the local streams, all of which triggered severe erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirt from upstream bled into the creek and washed down to the area near town, where the stream flattens out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s more than 10 miles of spawning and rearing habitat in that watershed that has been lost,” Nelson said. “We basically caused a dam to be formed so that the fish could almost never get upstream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the resource conservation district, in partnership with California State Parks and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, embarked on a $7 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanmateorcd.org/project/butano-creek-reconnection-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">restoration project\u003c/a> to remove the sediment dam blocking Butano Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is the restoration can reconnect coho with their historic spawning range upstream in Butano State Park and ultimately aid in the species’ recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3sG28/33/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" height=\"569\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Species in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coho once thrived in California’s coastal rivers and creeks from Santa Cruz County to the Oregon border. Like other salmon, coho are known for what Nelson calls “this extraordinary life story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They begin life in freshwater streams, where they spend more than a year rearing until they make their way to the ocean. Typically, after a year and a half in salt water, they return to their home creeks and rivers to spawn, then die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other salmon species, they’re known for their physical transformation from silver to various shades of crimson when they re-enter to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Coho-in-California-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coho once thrived in California’s coastal rivers and streams. Pictured above, a 2018 coho migration in Marin County’s Lagunitas Creek, another site of habitat restoration. \u003ccite>(Harry McGrath/Turtle Island Restoration Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re gorgeous and charismatic and mysterious,” Nelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Fishes/Coho-Salmon\">California’s coho\u003c/a>, once numbering in the hundreds of thousands, have disappeared from a large part of their range. South of the Golden Gate, the species is virtually extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habitat loss is a major factor driving the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butano Creek restoration aims to solve another problem created by humans re-engineering the local landscape: \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/11/06/pescadero-more-steelhead-deaths-frustrate-residents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frequent die-offs\u003c/a> of threatened steelhead, which once thrived in the watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fish — ocean-going rainbow trout — spawn in nearby Pescadero Creek and grow large as they feed in the adjoining marsh. But here they face what amounts to a death trap before they can migrate into the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists believe the steelhead suffocate when they encounter stagnant, oxygen-depleted water that has formed in deep pits excavated in the marsh over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This anoxic water, which engulfs the fish as it rushes out of the marsh with the first storms of the rainy season, is thought to be responsible for killing thousands of steelhead over the last few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restoration project is addressing the problem by using the sediment removed from Butano Creek to fill the pits in the marsh. That should reduce or eliminate the volume of anoxic water there and improve conditions for fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Major Flooding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local support for the project was bolstered by another consequence of the dam blocking Butano Creek: flooding on Pescadero Creek Road, the main road in and out of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951608\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951608\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Creek-Road-Flooding-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The blockage on Butano Creek contributed to major flooding on Pescadero Creek Road, pictured in 2016, and nearby farmland. \u003ccite>(San Mateo Resource Conservation District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When it rains, people get anxious,” said Nic Erridge, who chairs the Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erridge says any time there’s a big rainstorm, the road and surrounding farmland are inundated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It becomes a wetland,” Erridge said, “Water just flows through, the creek just spreads out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, locals are stranded, sometimes unable to reach homes, jobs and school. Nearby farms, which help drive the town’s economy, are damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Solving this flooding issue is huge,” Erridge said. “Hopefully this project is really gonna help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Resetting the Baseline’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For five months this summer and fall, crews used pontoon excavators, bulldozers, and dredge pumps to dig out the dirt, muck and debris from Butano Creek. Nearly 70,000 cubic yards of sediment were removed, and the stream now flows continuously from the Santa Cruz Mountains to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Pecharich, a fisheries biologist with the NOAA Restoration Center, says he sees the restoration project as “resetting the baseline” for Butano Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials estimate the Pescadero-Butano Creek watershed has the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.fisheries.noaa.gov/wcr/protected_species/salmon_steelhead/recovery_planning_and_implementation/north_central_california_coast/central_california_coast_coho_recovery_plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">potential\u003c/a> to support 2,300 spawning coho and similar numbers of steelhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it really could provide an opportunity to really jump-start some recovery of coho south of the Golden Gate,” Pecharich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If coho don’t naturally return to the system, he says, fish could be transplanted from other watersheds or breeding programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951604\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951604\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In October, the San Mateo Resource Conservation District, along with state and federal agencies, completed a five-month restoration of Butano Creek and surrounding Pescadero Marsh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Mateo Resource Conservation District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What those fish will find is a creek that is still hospitable to their kind. For instance, the stream features the type of gravel female coho need to dig their nests. In these burrows, they can deposit up to 3,000 eggs. The stream and marsh can also provide young salmon the natural protection and food they need to fuel their journey into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Pecharich, reopening Butano Creek for coho could also benefit the greater coastal ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When coho and other salmon spawn, their bodies break down, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915421/theres-something-fishy-about-these-trees-deep-look\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">feeding the surrounding environment\u003c/a>. Birds, foxes and other scavengers feed on the fish carcasses and distribute them on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pecharich says scientists now understand that salmon streams have contributed to the growth and health of redwood forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely no coincidence that coho and the range of the species extends to pretty much the range of the redwoods,” Pecharich said. “They’ve actually found marine-derived nutrients within these trees, which is pretty amazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951600\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Excavation crews removed nearly 70,000 cubic yards of sediment to reopen Butano Creek for endangered coho salmon. The channel now flows from the mountains to the ocean. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In turn, the trees shade and nourish the streams for fish. Pecharich says that type of exchange could happen upstream in Butano Creek, where it ends up in the redwood groves of Butano State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Signs of Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to tell if coho will return to Butano Creek in large numbers, or if removing the sediment dam will prevent the road from flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kellyx Nelson says there are already signs of life returning to the stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The other day, about a mile and a half from the ocean, we saw a Dungeness crab. Right there in this creek, which had previously been completely disconnected,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means as California’s first big winter rains arrive, signaling the remaining Central Coast coho to begin their spawning migration, they’ll have one more path upstream.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A $7 million project on Butano Creek, just outside the town of Pescadero, aims to reconnect coho salmon with spawning grounds and remove a deadly threat for steelhead. ",
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"title": "Restoration of a San Mateo County Creek Reopens a Gateway for Endangered Salmon | KQED",
"description": "A $7 million project on Butano Creek, just outside the town of Pescadero, aims to reconnect coho salmon with spawning grounds and remove a deadly threat for steelhead. ",
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"headline": "Restoration of a San Mateo County Creek Reopens a Gateway for Endangered Salmon",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>magine you’re a fish. A coho salmon, to be specific. Your every instinct is telling you it’s time to migrate upstream from the ocean to spawn in the rivers and streams beyond. But instead of reaching those mountain tributaries and completing your life cycle, you’re blocked at every turn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gateway to your spawning grounds has closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how Kellyx Nelson describes the predicament for coho in Butano Creek, a stream just outside the tiny farming town of Pescadero on the San Mateo County coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Marsh-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pescadero Marsh Natural Preserve, an estuary on the San Mateo County coast. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nelson is executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanmateorcd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo Resource Conservation District\u003c/a>. The agency is working to restore the wetlands of \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastsidestateparks.org/pescadero-marsh-natural-preserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pescasdero Marsh Natural Preserve\u003c/a> for endangered coho and other native species on the brink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year or two ago I walked down the creek with my waders on and all of a sudden you’re walking uphill and you’re on land,” Nelson said. “The creek was gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower Butano Creek had been clogged by a mile-and-a-half long plug of sediment where the stream once flowed through the marsh to meet the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over one stretch, a forest had grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson says the blockage was the result of nearly two centuries of farming, logging and re-engineering the local streams, all of which triggered severe erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirt from upstream bled into the creek and washed down to the area near town, where the stream flattens out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s more than 10 miles of spawning and rearing habitat in that watershed that has been lost,” Nelson said. “We basically caused a dam to be formed so that the fish could almost never get upstream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the resource conservation district, in partnership with California State Parks and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, embarked on a $7 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanmateorcd.org/project/butano-creek-reconnection-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">restoration project\u003c/a> to remove the sediment dam blocking Butano Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is the restoration can reconnect coho with their historic spawning range upstream in Butano State Park and ultimately aid in the species’ recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3sG28/33/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" height=\"569\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Species in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coho once thrived in California’s coastal rivers and creeks from Santa Cruz County to the Oregon border. Like other salmon, coho are known for what Nelson calls “this extraordinary life story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They begin life in freshwater streams, where they spend more than a year rearing until they make their way to the ocean. Typically, after a year and a half in salt water, they return to their home creeks and rivers to spawn, then die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other salmon species, they’re known for their physical transformation from silver to various shades of crimson when they re-enter to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Coho-in-California-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coho once thrived in California’s coastal rivers and streams. Pictured above, a 2018 coho migration in Marin County’s Lagunitas Creek, another site of habitat restoration. \u003ccite>(Harry McGrath/Turtle Island Restoration Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re gorgeous and charismatic and mysterious,” Nelson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Fishes/Coho-Salmon\">California’s coho\u003c/a>, once numbering in the hundreds of thousands, have disappeared from a large part of their range. South of the Golden Gate, the species is virtually extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habitat loss is a major factor driving the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butano Creek restoration aims to solve another problem created by humans re-engineering the local landscape: \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/11/06/pescadero-more-steelhead-deaths-frustrate-residents/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frequent die-offs\u003c/a> of threatened steelhead, which once thrived in the watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fish — ocean-going rainbow trout — spawn in nearby Pescadero Creek and grow large as they feed in the adjoining marsh. But here they face what amounts to a death trap before they can migrate into the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists believe the steelhead suffocate when they encounter stagnant, oxygen-depleted water that has formed in deep pits excavated in the marsh over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This anoxic water, which engulfs the fish as it rushes out of the marsh with the first storms of the rainy season, is thought to be responsible for killing thousands of steelhead over the last few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restoration project is addressing the problem by using the sediment removed from Butano Creek to fill the pits in the marsh. That should reduce or eliminate the volume of anoxic water there and improve conditions for fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Major Flooding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local support for the project was bolstered by another consequence of the dam blocking Butano Creek: flooding on Pescadero Creek Road, the main road in and out of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951608\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951608\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Pescadero-Creek-Road-Flooding-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The blockage on Butano Creek contributed to major flooding on Pescadero Creek Road, pictured in 2016, and nearby farmland. \u003ccite>(San Mateo Resource Conservation District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When it rains, people get anxious,” said Nic Erridge, who chairs the Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erridge says any time there’s a big rainstorm, the road and surrounding farmland are inundated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It becomes a wetland,” Erridge said, “Water just flows through, the creek just spreads out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, locals are stranded, sometimes unable to reach homes, jobs and school. Nearby farms, which help drive the town’s economy, are damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Solving this flooding issue is huge,” Erridge said. “Hopefully this project is really gonna help us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Resetting the Baseline’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For five months this summer and fall, crews used pontoon excavators, bulldozers, and dredge pumps to dig out the dirt, muck and debris from Butano Creek. Nearly 70,000 cubic yards of sediment were removed, and the stream now flows continuously from the Santa Cruz Mountains to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Pecharich, a fisheries biologist with the NOAA Restoration Center, says he sees the restoration project as “resetting the baseline” for Butano Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials estimate the Pescadero-Butano Creek watershed has the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.fisheries.noaa.gov/wcr/protected_species/salmon_steelhead/recovery_planning_and_implementation/north_central_california_coast/central_california_coast_coho_recovery_plan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">potential\u003c/a> to support 2,300 spawning coho and similar numbers of steelhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it really could provide an opportunity to really jump-start some recovery of coho south of the Golden Gate,” Pecharich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If coho don’t naturally return to the system, he says, fish could be transplanted from other watersheds or breeding programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951604\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951604\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Pescadero-Marsh-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In October, the San Mateo Resource Conservation District, along with state and federal agencies, completed a five-month restoration of Butano Creek and surrounding Pescadero Marsh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Mateo Resource Conservation District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What those fish will find is a creek that is still hospitable to their kind. For instance, the stream features the type of gravel female coho need to dig their nests. In these burrows, they can deposit up to 3,000 eggs. The stream and marsh can also provide young salmon the natural protection and food they need to fuel their journey into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Pecharich, reopening Butano Creek for coho could also benefit the greater coastal ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When coho and other salmon spawn, their bodies break down, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915421/theres-something-fishy-about-these-trees-deep-look\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">feeding the surrounding environment\u003c/a>. Birds, foxes and other scavengers feed on the fish carcasses and distribute them on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pecharich says scientists now understand that salmon streams have contributed to the growth and health of redwood forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely no coincidence that coho and the range of the species extends to pretty much the range of the redwoods,” Pecharich said. “They’ve actually found marine-derived nutrients within these trees, which is pretty amazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951600\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1951600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/Restored-Butano-Creek-Channel-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Excavation crews removed nearly 70,000 cubic yards of sediment to reopen Butano Creek for endangered coho salmon. The channel now flows from the mountains to the ocean. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In turn, the trees shade and nourish the streams for fish. Pecharich says that type of exchange could happen upstream in Butano Creek, where it ends up in the redwood groves of Butano State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Signs of Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to tell if coho will return to Butano Creek in large numbers, or if removing the sediment dam will prevent the road from flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kellyx Nelson says there are already signs of life returning to the stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The other day, about a mile and a half from the ocean, we saw a Dungeness crab. Right there in this creek, which had previously been completely disconnected,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means as California’s first big winter rains arrive, signaling the remaining Central Coast coho to begin their spawning migration, they’ll have one more path upstream.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Hundreds Participate in Oakland's Christmas Bird Count",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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