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The agency hasn’t decided whether its special-crash unit will review the crash that occurred Sunday near Terre Haute, Indiana. In both cases, authorities have yet to determine whether Tesla’s Autopilot system was being used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NHTSA also is investigating the Connecticut crash, in which the driver told police that the car was operating on Autopilot, a Tesla system designed to keep a car in its lane and a safe distance from other vehicles. Autopilot also can change lanes on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla has said repeatedly that its Autopilot system is designed only to assist drivers, who must still pay attention and be ready to intervene at all times. The company contends that Teslas with Autopilot are safer than vehicles without it, but cautions that the system does not prevent all crashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, experts and safety advocates say a string of Tesla crashes raises serious questions about whether drivers have become too reliant on Tesla’s technology and whether the company does enough to ensure that drivers keep paying attention. Some critics have said it’s past time for NHTSA to stop investigating and to take action, such as forcing Tesla to make sure drivers pay attention when the system is being used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NHTSA has started investigations into 13 Tesla crashes dating to at least 2016 in which the agency believes Autopilot was operating. The agency has yet to issue any regulations, though it is studying how it should evaluate similar “advanced driver assist” systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point, the question becomes: How much evidence is needed to determine that the way this technology is being used is unsafe?” said Jason Levine, executive director of the nonprofit Center for Auto Safety in Washington. “In this instance, hopefully these tragedies will not be in vain and will lead to something more than an investigation by NHTSA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine and others have called on the agency to require Tesla to limit the use of Autopilot to mainly four-lane divided highways without cross traffic. They also want Tesla to install a better system to monitor drivers to make sure they’re paying attention all the time. Tesla’s system requires drivers to place their hands on the steering wheel. But federal investigators have found that this system lets drivers zone out for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla plans to use the same cameras and radar sensors, though with a more powerful computer, in its fully self-driving vehicles. Critics question whether those cars will be able to drive themselves safely without putting other motorists in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doubts about Tesla’s Autopilot system have long persisted. In September, the National Transportation Safety Board, which investigates transportation accidents, issued \u003ca href=\"https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAB1907.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a report\u003c/a> saying that a design flaw in Autopilot and driver inattention combined to cause a Tesla Model S to slam into a firetruck parked along Interstate 405 in Culver City in January 2018. The board determined that the driver was overly reliant on the system and that Autopilot’s design let him disengage from driving for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the deaths on Sunday night, three U.S. fatal crashes since 2016 — two in Florida and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673299/tesla-suv-on-autopilot-accelerated-before-fatal-mountain-view-crash\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">one on U.S. 101 in Mountain View\u003c/a> — involved vehicles using Autopilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Friedman, vice president of advocacy for Consumer Reports and a former acting NHTSA administrator, said the agency should have declared Autopilot defective and sought a recall after \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/1/14458662/tesla-autopilot-crash-accident-florida-fatal-highway-patrol-report\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a 2016 crash\u003c/a> in Florida that killed a driver. Neither Tesla’s system nor the driver had braked before the car went underneath a semi-trailer that had turned in front of the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t need any more people getting hurt for us to know that there is a problem and that Tesla and NHTSA have failed to address it,” Friedman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to NHTSA, states can regulate autonomous vehicles, though many have decided they want to encourage testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2016 crash, NHTSA closed its investigation without seeking a recall. Friedman, who was not at NHTSA at the time, said the agency determined that the problem didn’t happen frequently. But he said that argument has since been debunked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman said it’s foreseeable some drivers will not pay attention to the road while using Autopilot, so the system is defective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public is owed some explanation for the lack of action,” he said. “Simply saying they’re continuing to investigate — that line has worn out its usefulness and its credibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, NHTSA said it relies on data to make decisions, and if it finds any vehicle poses an unreasonable safety risk, “the agency will not hesitate to take action.” NHTSA also has said it doesn’t want to stand in the way of technology given its life-saving potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages were left Thursday seeking comment from Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raj Rajkumar, an electrical and computer engineering professor at Carnegie Mellon University, said it’s likely that the Tesla in Sunday’s California crash was operating on Autopilot, which has become confused in the past by lane lines. He speculated that the lane line was more visible for the exit ramp, so the car took the ramp because it looked like a freeway lane. He also suggested that the driver might not have been paying close attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No normal human being would not slow down in an exit lane,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Musk said he expected to start converting the company’s electric cars to fully self-driving vehicles in 2020 to create a network of robotic taxis to compete against Uber and other ride-hailing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, experts said the technology isn’t ready and that Tesla’s camera and radar sensors weren’t good enough for a self-driving system. Rajkumar and others say additional crashes have proved that to be true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many experts say they’re not aware of fatal crashes involving similar driver-assist systems from General Motors, Mercedes and other automakers. GM monitors drivers with cameras and will shut down the driving system if they don’t watch the road.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>DETROIT — Three crashes involving Teslas that killed three people in the past month have increased scrutiny of the company’s Autopilot driving system just months before CEO Elon Musk’s planned deployment of fully self-driving cars on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, a Tesla Model S sedan left a freeway in the Los Angeles suburb of Gardena at a high speed, ran a red light and struck a Honda Civic, killing two people inside, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day, a Tesla Model 3 hit a parked firetruck on an Indiana freeway, killing a passenger in the Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Dec. 7, yet another Model 3 struck a police cruiser on a Connecticut highway, though no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special crash investigation unit of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is looking into the California crash. The agency hasn’t decided whether its special-crash unit will review the crash that occurred Sunday near Terre Haute, Indiana. In both cases, authorities have yet to determine whether Tesla’s Autopilot system was being used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NHTSA also is investigating the Connecticut crash, in which the driver told police that the car was operating on Autopilot, a Tesla system designed to keep a car in its lane and a safe distance from other vehicles. Autopilot also can change lanes on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla has said repeatedly that its Autopilot system is designed only to assist drivers, who must still pay attention and be ready to intervene at all times. The company contends that Teslas with Autopilot are safer than vehicles without it, but cautions that the system does not prevent all crashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, experts and safety advocates say a string of Tesla crashes raises serious questions about whether drivers have become too reliant on Tesla’s technology and whether the company does enough to ensure that drivers keep paying attention. Some critics have said it’s past time for NHTSA to stop investigating and to take action, such as forcing Tesla to make sure drivers pay attention when the system is being used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NHTSA has started investigations into 13 Tesla crashes dating to at least 2016 in which the agency believes Autopilot was operating. The agency has yet to issue any regulations, though it is studying how it should evaluate similar “advanced driver assist” systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point, the question becomes: How much evidence is needed to determine that the way this technology is being used is unsafe?” said Jason Levine, executive director of the nonprofit Center for Auto Safety in Washington. “In this instance, hopefully these tragedies will not be in vain and will lead to something more than an investigation by NHTSA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine and others have called on the agency to require Tesla to limit the use of Autopilot to mainly four-lane divided highways without cross traffic. They also want Tesla to install a better system to monitor drivers to make sure they’re paying attention all the time. Tesla’s system requires drivers to place their hands on the steering wheel. But federal investigators have found that this system lets drivers zone out for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla plans to use the same cameras and radar sensors, though with a more powerful computer, in its fully self-driving vehicles. Critics question whether those cars will be able to drive themselves safely without putting other motorists in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doubts about Tesla’s Autopilot system have long persisted. In September, the National Transportation Safety Board, which investigates transportation accidents, issued \u003ca href=\"https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAB1907.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a report\u003c/a> saying that a design flaw in Autopilot and driver inattention combined to cause a Tesla Model S to slam into a firetruck parked along Interstate 405 in Culver City in January 2018. The board determined that the driver was overly reliant on the system and that Autopilot’s design let him disengage from driving for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the deaths on Sunday night, three U.S. fatal crashes since 2016 — two in Florida and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673299/tesla-suv-on-autopilot-accelerated-before-fatal-mountain-view-crash\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">one on U.S. 101 in Mountain View\u003c/a> — involved vehicles using Autopilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Friedman, vice president of advocacy for Consumer Reports and a former acting NHTSA administrator, said the agency should have declared Autopilot defective and sought a recall after \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/1/14458662/tesla-autopilot-crash-accident-florida-fatal-highway-patrol-report\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a 2016 crash\u003c/a> in Florida that killed a driver. Neither Tesla’s system nor the driver had braked before the car went underneath a semi-trailer that had turned in front of the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t need any more people getting hurt for us to know that there is a problem and that Tesla and NHTSA have failed to address it,” Friedman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to NHTSA, states can regulate autonomous vehicles, though many have decided they want to encourage testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2016 crash, NHTSA closed its investigation without seeking a recall. Friedman, who was not at NHTSA at the time, said the agency determined that the problem didn’t happen frequently. But he said that argument has since been debunked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman said it’s foreseeable some drivers will not pay attention to the road while using Autopilot, so the system is defective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public is owed some explanation for the lack of action,” he said. “Simply saying they’re continuing to investigate — that line has worn out its usefulness and its credibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, NHTSA said it relies on data to make decisions, and if it finds any vehicle poses an unreasonable safety risk, “the agency will not hesitate to take action.” NHTSA also has said it doesn’t want to stand in the way of technology given its life-saving potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages were left Thursday seeking comment from Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raj Rajkumar, an electrical and computer engineering professor at Carnegie Mellon University, said it’s likely that the Tesla in Sunday’s California crash was operating on Autopilot, which has become confused in the past by lane lines. He speculated that the lane line was more visible for the exit ramp, so the car took the ramp because it looked like a freeway lane. He also suggested that the driver might not have been paying close attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No normal human being would not slow down in an exit lane,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Musk said he expected to start converting the company’s electric cars to fully self-driving vehicles in 2020 to create a network of robotic taxis to compete against Uber and other ride-hailing services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, experts said the technology isn’t ready and that Tesla’s camera and radar sensors weren’t good enough for a self-driving system. Rajkumar and others say additional crashes have proved that to be true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That way we know basically how much water will eventually melt during the spring and summer months to refill all of our reservoirs,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1212831660305088512?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California has a decade to reach its self-mandated goal of slashing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% of 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One independent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> found the state is falling behind — in part, because emissions from the transportation sector have soared to record highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts see hope in an eye-popping decline in the cost of renewable energy. In the last decade, onshore and offshore wind prices fell by about 57% and utility-scale solar by 86%. Those numbers are good news for California, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">near the top of the nation in both\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best news is in the decline in the cost of battery energy storage. Based on data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Central\u003c/a> in a new \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/news/climate-central-solutions-brief-battery-energy-storage\">solutions brief\u003c/a>, it’s $186 per megawatt-hour, a 76% drop since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1951009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1920x1409.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With batteries, California can increase the state’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing energy generated by intermittent renewable resources. The sun doesn’t shine at night, for example, but batteries can absorb excess solar energy and send it back to the grid whenever needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are a fundamentally different kind of asset than what we have historically placed on the grid,” said Jeremy Twitchell, an energy research analyst with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “They are much more flexible and can provide a much wider range of services than what we traditionally have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some instances, batteries can offset the need to build transmission lines and power plants to meet peak demand, and can provide clean backup energy when the grid goes down. Solar power by itself can’t keep the lights on unless it is coupled with some kind of storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change bakes the state’s forests and neighborhoods continue to spread into them, batteries can stand in for generators and boost \u003ca href=\"https://rmi.org/importance-distribution-scale-solar-grid-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resilience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a decade ago, batteries were inefficient and impractical at grid scale. The cost was too high to store power in large amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has launched commercially viable projects – a lot of them – because of recent advancements in technology and manufacturing. The state has 262 megawatts of grid-scale storage installed, reports Climate Central, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more\u003c/a> than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.seia.org/initiatives/whats-megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50,000 homes\u003c/a>, with much more in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2013, state lawmakers and regulators mandated the state’s largest investor-owned utilities – PG&E, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric – to procure 1,325 megawatts of battery storage by 2020. They are on track to shatter that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC has approved more than 1,600 megawatts worth of battery storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, PG&E won the \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M238/K048/238048767.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">go-ahead\u003c/a> for a mega-project in the South Bay that includes a 300-megawatt Vistra Energy project and a 182-megawatt Tesla system, two of the largest battery systems in the world. “These are really breakthrough projects,” said Paul Doherty, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval is great, but the state’s utilities must keep pushing until these projects are operational, said Alex Morris, vice president of policy with California Energy Storage Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The peak for the grid is around 50,000 megawatts,” Morris says. “I don’t want to take away from the hard work, but it is really just the first step. Only a tiny amount of new storage is up and running on the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are still more expensive than other energy sources – especially cheap and abundant natural gas – and regulators impose other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Batteries Can Do That, Too’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When temperatures rise during a heat wave, all at once people flip on their air conditioning units to cool down and the demand for power spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when utilities turn to natural gas turbines that spool up and ramp down quickly. But the power comes with a price as the plants belch planet warming gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas peaker plants respond to sudden increases in demand by generating power fast, but “batteries can do that, too,” said Chuck Kutscher, a senior research associate with University of Colorado-Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For states that are really interested in achieving carbon emissions reductions, they’re looking at batteries to replace gas peakers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the price of batteries continues to fall, California is starting to make this move. East Bay Community Energy, for example, recently signed a \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-signs-new-power-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to replace a gas peaker with a standalone storage facility. But that’s not always possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural gas is so cheap right now in the U.S., it makes it hard to compete even though the battery costs are coming down,” said Eric Larson, a senior scientist with Climate Central. “It takes a special situation to make the economics work for replacing peakers. But there are cases where it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, energy regulators voted begrudgingly and unanimously to extend the life of four natural gas power plants around Los Angeles based on what they saw as a need for new generation by next summer to prevent outages and price spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC’s new president Marybel Batjer described the decision as “perhaps the most difficult” she’s made since joining the commission. Commissioner Martha Guzman Aceves vowed to “never support another extension,” the San Diego Union-Tribune \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has a decade to reach its self-mandated goal of slashing greenhouse gas emissions to 40% of 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One independent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis\u003c/a> found the state is falling behind — in part, because emissions from the transportation sector have soared to record highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts see hope in an eye-popping decline in the cost of renewable energy. In the last decade, onshore and offshore wind prices fell by about 57% and utility-scale solar by 86%. Those numbers are good news for California, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">near the top of the nation in both\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the best news is in the decline in the cost of battery energy storage. Based on data compiled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Climate Central\u003c/a> in a new \u003ca href=\"https://climatecentral.org/news/climate-central-solutions-brief-battery-energy-storage\">solutions brief\u003c/a>, it’s $186 per megawatt-hour, a 76% drop since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1951009\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-800x587.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1200x881.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-1920x1409.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/11/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With batteries, California can increase the state’s ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by storing energy generated by intermittent renewable resources. The sun doesn’t shine at night, for example, but batteries can absorb excess solar energy and send it back to the grid whenever needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Batteries are a fundamentally different kind of asset than what we have historically placed on the grid,” said Jeremy Twitchell, an energy research analyst with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “They are much more flexible and can provide a much wider range of services than what we traditionally have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some instances, batteries can offset the need to build transmission lines and power plants to meet peak demand, and can provide clean backup energy when the grid goes down. Solar power by itself can’t keep the lights on unless it is coupled with some kind of storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change bakes the state’s forests and neighborhoods continue to spread into them, batteries can stand in for generators and boost \u003ca href=\"https://rmi.org/importance-distribution-scale-solar-grid-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resilience\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a decade ago, batteries were inefficient and impractical at grid scale. The cost was too high to store power in large amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has launched commercially viable projects – a lot of them – because of recent advancements in technology and manufacturing. The state has 262 megawatts of grid-scale storage installed, reports Climate Central, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more\u003c/a> than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.seia.org/initiatives/whats-megawatt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50,000 homes\u003c/a>, with much more in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2013, state lawmakers and regulators mandated the state’s largest investor-owned utilities – PG&E, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric – to procure 1,325 megawatts of battery storage by 2020. They are on track to shatter that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC has approved more than 1,600 megawatts worth of battery storage projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, PG&E won the \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M238/K048/238048767.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">go-ahead\u003c/a> for a mega-project in the South Bay that includes a 300-megawatt Vistra Energy project and a 182-megawatt Tesla system, two of the largest battery systems in the world. “These are really breakthrough projects,” said Paul Doherty, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval is great, but the state’s utilities must keep pushing until these projects are operational, said Alex Morris, vice president of policy with California Energy Storage Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The peak for the grid is around 50,000 megawatts,” Morris says. “I don’t want to take away from the hard work, but it is really just the first step. Only a tiny amount of new storage is up and running on the grid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are still more expensive than other energy sources – especially cheap and abundant natural gas – and regulators impose other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Batteries Can Do That, Too’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When temperatures rise during a heat wave, all at once people flip on their air conditioning units to cool down and the demand for power spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when utilities turn to natural gas turbines that spool up and ramp down quickly. But the power comes with a price as the plants belch planet warming gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas peaker plants respond to sudden increases in demand by generating power fast, but “batteries can do that, too,” said Chuck Kutscher, a senior research associate with University of Colorado-Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For states that are really interested in achieving carbon emissions reductions, they’re looking at batteries to replace gas peakers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the price of batteries continues to fall, California is starting to make this move. East Bay Community Energy, for example, recently signed a \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-signs-new-power-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contract\u003c/a> to replace a gas peaker with a standalone storage facility. But that’s not always possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Natural gas is so cheap right now in the U.S., it makes it hard to compete even though the battery costs are coming down,” said Eric Larson, a senior scientist with Climate Central. “It takes a special situation to make the economics work for replacing peakers. But there are cases where it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, energy regulators voted begrudgingly and unanimously to extend the life of four natural gas power plants around Los Angeles based on what they saw as a need for new generation by next summer to prevent outages and price spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC’s new president Marybel Batjer described the decision as “perhaps the most difficult” she’s made since joining the commission. Commissioner Martha Guzman Aceves vowed to “never support another extension,” the San Diego Union-Tribune \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "3.9 Quake Near Morgan Hill Rattles South Bay on New Year's Day",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 3.9-magnitude earthquake rattled the South Bay near Morgan Hill late on New Year's Day, the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73322626/region-info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"earthquake\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temblor struck at 11:16 p.m. at a depth of 3.7 miles. Its epicenter was 5.8 miles northeast of Morgan Hill, USGS said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People reported light shaking between the South Bay city and Santa Cruz on USGS's \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73322626/dyfi/intensity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"Did You Feel It?\" page\u003c/a>. The website received more than 8,800 responses that mostly described the shaking as weak or light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, an earthquake struck offshore early Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 4.0 quake hit at 2:13 a.m. near the Channel Islands. USGS said it was centered about 15 miles south of Port Hueneme at a depth of 6 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how Californians reacted to the quakes on Twitter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/yesi_avi/status/1212634919223975936\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/VictorGaxiola/status/1212639083459035137\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/vr0se_/status/1212679514049794048\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temblor struck at 11:16 p.m. at a depth of 3.7 miles. Its epicenter was 5.8 miles northeast of Morgan Hill, USGS said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People reported light shaking between the South Bay city and Santa Cruz on USGS's \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73322626/dyfi/intensity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\"Did You Feel It?\" page\u003c/a>. The website received more than 8,800 responses that mostly described the shaking as weak or light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California, an earthquake struck offshore early Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 4.0 quake hit at 2:13 a.m. near the Channel Islands. USGS said it was centered about 15 miles south of Port Hueneme at a depth of 6 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how Californians reacted to the quakes on Twitter:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has released a list of the agency’s most epic satellite images from 2019. From NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/2019-look-best-images-above\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">site\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It was a year of record-breaking tropical cyclones—in both the Atlantic and Pacific. Many parts of the globe were ravaged by wildfires in 2019 while the wonders of our solar system were on full display. … With their lofty view from space, NOAA satellites can see both the awe-inspiring beauty and the sobering destruction that Mother Nature creates across our dynamic blue planet.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the captivating images …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Total Solar Eclipse Spreads Darkness Across the Southern Hemisphere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/a-celestrial-treat.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 2, people in parts of Chile and Argentina witnessed the moon entirely obscure the sun. At the same time, NOAA’s GOES-16 satellite tracked the moon’s shadow spreading over South America and the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kincade Fire’s Long Plume \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/americas-on-fire-1.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gusting winds blew the Kincade Fire’s massive smoke plume hundreds of miles away from the blaze in Sonoma County. On Oct. 27, NOAA’s GOES-17 satellite caught the fire’s smoke streaming over the Pacific Ocean. Look closely and you can see smoke wafting from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783200/glen-cove-fire-in-vallejo-closes-carquinez-bridge-and-portion-of-i-80-evacuations-ordered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate fire in Vallejo\u003c/a> that briefly closed the Carquinez Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Eye of the Hurricane \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/dorian_eye_nologo.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA’s GOES-16 satellite had a view straight into the eye of Hurricane Dorian as it swirled around Abaco Island, Bahamas, on Sept. 1, 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You Can Look At the Sun With a Solar Ultraviolet Imager \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/glassy-sun.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a special telescope, NOAA’s GOES-16 satellite can capture images of the sun by recording its ultraviolet radiation. On March 8, 2019, the satellite saw the eruption of a solar flare on the sun’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cloud Formations Around Hawaii \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/Hawaii%20clouds2.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on Earth, NOAA’s GOES-17 satellite flew over Hawaii on Jan. 15, 2019, as clouds formed around the Big Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dust Plumes off Western Africa\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/dust-in-the-wind.gif\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA’s GOES-16 satellite scoped one of the largest dust plumes of the year billowing across the Atlantic Ocean from the Sahara Desert on Aug. 26, 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/2019-look-best-images-above\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">More images on NOAA’s website here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Whether you’re looking for fireworks or you prefer avoiding the crowds, the Bay Area offers a variety of budget-friendly ways to ring in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fireworks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the most iconic parts of New Year’s Eve is the fireworks. Lucky for us, you don’t have to go far to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sfport.com/event/new-year%E2%80%99s-eve-fireworks-celebration-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fireworks show\u003c/a> along San Francisco’s Embarcadero starts Tuesday evening as midnight approaches. The fireworks will be launched from the bay, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/press-releases/ride-muni-free-new-years-eve-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">south of the Ferry Building\u003c/a>, so keep that in mind when scouting out the best spots to watch from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s expected to be partly cloudy in San Francisco on Tuesday night. For the most accurate forecast — or when deciding on how many layers to bring — check the weather before going out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word to the wise: If you don’t like crowds, avoid the Embarcadero area around midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Free (or cheap) events\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for free parties, here’s \u003ca href=\"https://sf.funcheap.com/city-guide/years-eve-party-guide-2/\">a quick collection\u003c/a> — though some may involve a cover fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking for something a little calmer? There are a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/new-years-eve-meditation-vigil-and-service-tickets-81878076531?aff=ebdssbdestsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bunch\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/new-years-eve-meditation-celebration-tickets-72190486689?aff=ebdssbdestsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meditation\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/alternative-nye-celebration-creating-inner-and-outer-peace-tickets-87629114039?aff=ebdssbdestsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">events\u003c/a> across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a hike. No really, you can take a \u003ca href=\"https://www.meetup.com/sanfranciscobay/events/257900900/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moonlit hike\u003c/a> Tuesday evening from Ohlone College to Mission Peak summit. If a stroll is on the agenda, you can walk past \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/cityhall/lighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco City Hall\u003c/a> to see it enveloped in gold lighting for New Year’s Eve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcade games more your speed? \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/2695983553792522/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coin-Op in San Francisco\u003c/a> will have free play until midnight if you want to get one more game of Pac-Man or pinball in before the ball drops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11793277' label='Get Home Safe on New Year's Eve']\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For the kids\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Santa Clara, Northside Branch Library is putting on a free “Noon Year’s Eve” event at 11 a.m. Tuesday for families to celebrate a little early. You can RSVP \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/northside-5th-annual-noon-years-eve-all-ages-tickets-83934047997\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Albany Community Center is also hosting a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/Calendar/Event/16464/561?backlist=%2fdepartments%2frecreation-community-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Noon Year’s Eve Celebration”\u003c/a> from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Tuesday. The event and activities are geared toward families with kids 12 and under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whether you’re looking for fireworks or you prefer avoiding the crowds, the Bay Area offers a variety of budget-friendly ways to ring in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fireworks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the most iconic parts of New Year’s Eve is the fireworks. Lucky for us, you don’t have to go far to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://sfport.com/event/new-year%E2%80%99s-eve-fireworks-celebration-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fireworks show\u003c/a> along San Francisco’s Embarcadero starts Tuesday evening as midnight approaches. The fireworks will be launched from the bay, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/press-releases/ride-muni-free-new-years-eve-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">south of the Ferry Building\u003c/a>, so keep that in mind when scouting out the best spots to watch from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s expected to be partly cloudy in San Francisco on Tuesday night. For the most accurate forecast — or when deciding on how many layers to bring — check the weather before going out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word to the wise: If you don’t like crowds, avoid the Embarcadero area around midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Free (or cheap) events\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for free parties, here’s \u003ca href=\"https://sf.funcheap.com/city-guide/years-eve-party-guide-2/\">a quick collection\u003c/a> — though some may involve a cover fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking for something a little calmer? There are a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/new-years-eve-meditation-vigil-and-service-tickets-81878076531?aff=ebdssbdestsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bunch\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/new-years-eve-meditation-celebration-tickets-72190486689?aff=ebdssbdestsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meditation\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/alternative-nye-celebration-creating-inner-and-outer-peace-tickets-87629114039?aff=ebdssbdestsearch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">events\u003c/a> across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a hike. No really, you can take a \u003ca href=\"https://www.meetup.com/sanfranciscobay/events/257900900/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moonlit hike\u003c/a> Tuesday evening from Ohlone College to Mission Peak summit. If a stroll is on the agenda, you can walk past \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/cityhall/lighting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco City Hall\u003c/a> to see it enveloped in gold lighting for New Year’s Eve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcade games more your speed? \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/2695983553792522/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coin-Op in San Francisco\u003c/a> will have free play until midnight if you want to get one more game of Pac-Man or pinball in before the ball drops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal regulators are raising antitrust concerns about a large independent refining company’s plans to buy Shell Oil’s Martinez refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a rare move, the Federal Trade Commission has asked New Jersey-based PBF Energy a series of extra questions about the proposed $1 billion deal, delaying the purchase of one of the Bay Area’s largest refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11754005/shell-to-sell-martinez-refinery-for-1-billion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced\u003c/a> plans in June to buy the Contra Costa County facility that has a refining capacity of 160,000 barrels of oil a day. At the time, PBF’s top executive called Shell the best refinery in the region, and executives for both companies said they expected the sale to close by the end of 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Trade Commission, which is reviewing the merger, has asked PBF another round of questions about the proposed sale in what’s known as a “second request,” according to PBF spokesman Michael Karlovich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"martinez-refinery\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pending regulatory and other approvals … we now anticipate that the transaction will close during the first quarter of 2020,” Karlovich said last week in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betsy Lordan, a FTC spokeswoman, said she could not comment on what specifically prompted the subsequent request for more information, but in general it represents worries from regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When one of the antitrust agencies issues a second request, it is because the initial review has raised antitrust concerns that warrant closer examination,” Lordan said Monday in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second requests take place in less than 4% of such mergers, said Aaron Edlin, a professor of law and economics at UC Berkeley, who specializes in anti-trust issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The queries “indicate that the agency has concerns about the impact of the merger on competition,” Edlin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More information could alleviate those concerns but if the agency continues to be concerned it can challenge the merger or negotiate with the companies to get some pro-competitive concession,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF disclosed the delay to investors during an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2019/11/01/pbf-energy-pbf-q3-2019-earnings-call-transcript.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earnings call\u003c/a> in late October, but it did not gain wide attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Matthew Lucey said then that he expected the deal to close in the first half of the first quarter of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But again, it’s not completely in our control,” Lucey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about the status of the deal, Shell did not indicate any problems with the proposed transaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell’s Martinez Refinery divestment deal with PBF Holding Company, LLC, continues to move forward towards closing while working through all necessary regulatory approvals and execution of key implementation activities,” said spokesman Ray Fisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Shell said the sale was part of the company’s efforts to focus on a “smaller, smarter refining portfolio.”\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Betsy Lordan, a Federal Trade Commission spokeswoman\"]‘When one of the antitrust agencies issues a second request, it is because the initial review has raised antitrust concerns that warrant closer examination.’[/pullquote]The announcement came as state regulators began reviewing Shell’s proposal to sell a California \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11752024/industry-safety-advocates-raise-concerns-over-sale-of-large-california-oil-pipeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pipeline\u003c/a> to Long Beach-based Crimson Pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez Mayor Rob Schroder said PBF’s new refinery manager told him in November that the sale was planned for February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I believe that Shell has been a good corporate member of the Martinez community and has a culture of safety for its employees and community, I do not have concerns, at this time, about the sale,” he said. “But I am saddened to see a business leave Martinez after over 100 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Shell facility converts crude petroleum into vehicle gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and asphalt, among other products. Shell and PBF have said in the past that workers employed at the Martinez site would be offered jobs at PBF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Attorney General’s Office would be the key state agency tasked with reviewing PBF and Shell’s deal, but it has declined to discuss the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To protect its integrity, we are unable to comment on, even to confirm or deny, a potential or ongoing investigation,” the attorney general’s office said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pending regulatory and other approvals … we now anticipate that the transaction will close during the first quarter of 2020,” Karlovich said last week in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betsy Lordan, a FTC spokeswoman, said she could not comment on what specifically prompted the subsequent request for more information, but in general it represents worries from regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When one of the antitrust agencies issues a second request, it is because the initial review has raised antitrust concerns that warrant closer examination,” Lordan said Monday in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second requests take place in less than 4% of such mergers, said Aaron Edlin, a professor of law and economics at UC Berkeley, who specializes in anti-trust issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The queries “indicate that the agency has concerns about the impact of the merger on competition,” Edlin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More information could alleviate those concerns but if the agency continues to be concerned it can challenge the merger or negotiate with the companies to get some pro-competitive concession,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF disclosed the delay to investors during an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2019/11/01/pbf-energy-pbf-q3-2019-earnings-call-transcript.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earnings call\u003c/a> in late October, but it did not gain wide attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Matthew Lucey said then that he expected the deal to close in the first half of the first quarter of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But again, it’s not completely in our control,” Lucey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about the status of the deal, Shell did not indicate any problems with the proposed transaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell’s Martinez Refinery divestment deal with PBF Holding Company, LLC, continues to move forward towards closing while working through all necessary regulatory approvals and execution of key implementation activities,” said spokesman Ray Fisher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Shell said the sale was part of the company’s efforts to focus on a “smaller, smarter refining portfolio.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The announcement came as state regulators began reviewing Shell’s proposal to sell a California \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11752024/industry-safety-advocates-raise-concerns-over-sale-of-large-california-oil-pipeline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pipeline\u003c/a> to Long Beach-based Crimson Pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez Mayor Rob Schroder said PBF’s new refinery manager told him in November that the sale was planned for February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I believe that Shell has been a good corporate member of the Martinez community and has a culture of safety for its employees and community, I do not have concerns, at this time, about the sale,” he said. “But I am saddened to see a business leave Martinez after over 100 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Shell facility converts crude petroleum into vehicle gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and asphalt, among other products. Shell and PBF have said in the past that workers employed at the Martinez site would be offered jobs at PBF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Attorney General’s Office would be the key state agency tasked with reviewing PBF and Shell’s deal, but it has declined to discuss the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To protect its integrity, we are unable to comment on, even to confirm or deny, a potential or ongoing investigation,” the attorney general’s office said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Earlier this year, the California Legislature passed, and Gov. Gavin Newsom signed, a bill that could, one day, make it legal to salvage and consume roadkill deer, elk, pronghorn antelope and wild pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The not very subtle and important qualification in that sentence and in the bill itself — that the law \u003cem>might someday\u003c/em> make it legal to freely collect and eat some big roadkill mammals — was lost on many media outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article235385237.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced the signing\u003c/a> of the legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 395\u003c/a>, in October: “The bad news: While driving at night, you struck and killed a deer. The good news: You just got a free venison dinner, under a bill now signed into law by California Gov. Gavin Newsom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC Los Angeles headlined the story “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/national-international/gov-newsom-signs-roadkill-bill/1964553/\">Road Kill Now Legal to Eat in California\u003c/a>.” Eater SF declared “\u003ca href=\"https://sf.eater.com/2019/10/18/20915751/california-roadkill-law-passed-eat-kill-salvage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New California Law Lets Drivers Eat Their Own Roadkill\u003c/a>.” American Hunter chimed in with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanhunter.org/articles/2019/11/8/roadkill-officially-on-the-menu-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roadkill Officially on the Menu in California\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the new year approaching and new state laws set to take effect, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife is trying to set the record straight: \u003ca href=\"https://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2019/12/23/roadkill-still-illegal-to-possess-on-jan-1-despite-passage-of-the-wildlife-traffic-safety-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">It will still be illegal\u003c/a> to possess a roadkill animal in the new year, and enactment of the new law notwithstanding, it’s likely to remain against the law for some time to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a whole lot of excitement about the bill from the media’s perspective, largely just because of the headline — ‘Kill it and grill it is about to become law.’ ” CDFW Capt. Patrick Foy said in a telephone interview this week. “There’s a widespread belief that Jan. 1, people are going to start being able to utilize roadkill. We just want to make sure that people understand that’s ultimately the goal of the bill, but it’s not in place yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does SB 395 actually do and when might the provisions take effect?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Bob Archuleta, a Democrat representing parts of Los Angeles and Orange counties, who authored the legislation, said it has two primary goals: to minimize the waste of what could be usable food and to prompt the state to collect better data on wildlife-vehicle collisions that could be used to improve highway safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though there are no definitive statistics on roadkill deaths in California, UC Davis researchers have estimated that vehicles hit about 20,000 deer on the state’s highways each year and that at least 40% of those animals are killed. Archuleta’s bill notes that toll “potentially translates into hundreds of thousands of pounds of healthy meat that could be used to feed those in need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, titled the Wildlife Safety Traffic Act, directs the state Fish and Game Commission to create and launch a pilot program by mid-2022 to allow members of the public to salvage deer, elk, pronghorn antelope and wild pigs accidentally killed in vehicle collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also requires the commission to create “a user-friendly and cellphone-friendly web-based portal” for reporting wildlife collisions and obtaining a wildlife salvage permit. To get such a permit, participants will need to report “the location, type, and description of the animal salvaged, the date and time of salvage, the basic characteristics of the incident and a description of the vehicle involved, where applicable, and the destination where the carcass will be transported” — and perhaps other details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really have to get these specifics down, because we want to avoid members of the public using this bill as a cover for poaching,” Foy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, the commission could limit the pilot to yet-to-be-determined parts of the state. Stopping on freeways to pick up roadkill is likely to be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the program is still off in the indefinite future, Foy does have some practical advice for California drivers in the meantime: Pay attention to deer-crossing signs, which mark known migratory and travel routes. And recognize that deer often don’t recognize the deadly hazard vehicles represent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially true in the fall, when deer mate and colder weather prompts them to move from the mountains and foothills to lower elevations, Foy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Deer just kind of behave like goofy teenagers” when they’re mating, Foy said. “They’re not really thinking about self-preservation, and they just go wandering out onto freeways.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Earlier this year, the California Legislature passed, and Gov. Gavin Newsom signed, a bill that could, one day, make it legal to salvage and consume roadkill deer, elk, pronghorn antelope and wild pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The not very subtle and important qualification in that sentence and in the bill itself — that the law \u003cem>might someday\u003c/em> make it legal to freely collect and eat some big roadkill mammals — was lost on many media outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article235385237.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced the signing\u003c/a> of the legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 395\u003c/a>, in October: “The bad news: While driving at night, you struck and killed a deer. The good news: You just got a free venison dinner, under a bill now signed into law by California Gov. Gavin Newsom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC Los Angeles headlined the story “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/national-international/gov-newsom-signs-roadkill-bill/1964553/\">Road Kill Now Legal to Eat in California\u003c/a>.” Eater SF declared “\u003ca href=\"https://sf.eater.com/2019/10/18/20915751/california-roadkill-law-passed-eat-kill-salvage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New California Law Lets Drivers Eat Their Own Roadkill\u003c/a>.” American Hunter chimed in with “\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanhunter.org/articles/2019/11/8/roadkill-officially-on-the-menu-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roadkill Officially on the Menu in California\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the new year approaching and new state laws set to take effect, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife is trying to set the record straight: \u003ca href=\"https://cdfgnews.wordpress.com/2019/12/23/roadkill-still-illegal-to-possess-on-jan-1-despite-passage-of-the-wildlife-traffic-safety-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">It will still be illegal\u003c/a> to possess a roadkill animal in the new year, and enactment of the new law notwithstanding, it’s likely to remain against the law for some time to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a whole lot of excitement about the bill from the media’s perspective, largely just because of the headline — ‘Kill it and grill it is about to become law.’ ” CDFW Capt. Patrick Foy said in a telephone interview this week. “There’s a widespread belief that Jan. 1, people are going to start being able to utilize roadkill. We just want to make sure that people understand that’s ultimately the goal of the bill, but it’s not in place yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does SB 395 actually do and when might the provisions take effect?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Bob Archuleta, a Democrat representing parts of Los Angeles and Orange counties, who authored the legislation, said it has two primary goals: to minimize the waste of what could be usable food and to prompt the state to collect better data on wildlife-vehicle collisions that could be used to improve highway safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though there are no definitive statistics on roadkill deaths in California, UC Davis researchers have estimated that vehicles hit about 20,000 deer on the state’s highways each year and that at least 40% of those animals are killed. Archuleta’s bill notes that toll “potentially translates into hundreds of thousands of pounds of healthy meat that could be used to feed those in need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, titled the Wildlife Safety Traffic Act, directs the state Fish and Game Commission to create and launch a pilot program by mid-2022 to allow members of the public to salvage deer, elk, pronghorn antelope and wild pigs accidentally killed in vehicle collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law also requires the commission to create “a user-friendly and cellphone-friendly web-based portal” for reporting wildlife collisions and obtaining a wildlife salvage permit. To get such a permit, participants will need to report “the location, type, and description of the animal salvaged, the date and time of salvage, the basic characteristics of the incident and a description of the vehicle involved, where applicable, and the destination where the carcass will be transported” — and perhaps other details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really have to get these specifics down, because we want to avoid members of the public using this bill as a cover for poaching,” Foy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, the commission could limit the pilot to yet-to-be-determined parts of the state. Stopping on freeways to pick up roadkill is likely to be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the program is still off in the indefinite future, Foy does have some practical advice for California drivers in the meantime: Pay attention to deer-crossing signs, which mark known migratory and travel routes. And recognize that deer often don’t recognize the deadly hazard vehicles represent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially true in the fall, when deer mate and colder weather prompts them to move from the mountains and foothills to lower elevations, Foy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Deer just kind of behave like goofy teenagers” when they’re mating, Foy said. “They’re not really thinking about self-preservation, and they just go wandering out onto freeways.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new cafe culture is brewing in the San Francisco area, where a growing number of coffee houses are banishing paper to-go cups and replacing them with everything from glass jars to rental mugs and BYO cup policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What started as a small trend among neighborhood cafes to reduce waste is gaining support from some big names in the city’s food and coffee world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Celebrated chef Dominique Crenn, owner of the three-star Michelin restaurant Atelier Crenn, is opening a San Francisco cafe next year that will have no to-go bags or disposable coffee cups and will use no plastic. Customers who plan to sip and go at Boutique Crenn will be encouraged to bring their own coffee cups, says spokeswoman Kate Bittman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a bigger scale, the Blue Bottle coffeehouse chain, which goes through about 15,000 to-go cups a month at its 70 U.S. locations, says it wants to “show our guests and the world that we can eliminate disposable cups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Bottle is starting small with plans to stop using paper cups at two of its San Francisco area branches in 2020, as part of a pledge to go “zero waste” by the end of next year. Coffee to-go customers will have to bring their own mug or pay a deposit for a reusable cup, which they can keep or return for a refund. The deposit fee will likely be between $3 and $5, the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue Bottle’s pilot program will help guide the company on how to expand the idea nationwide, CEO Bryan Meehan said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expect to lose some business,” he said. “We know some of our guests won’t like it — and we’re prepared for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Bryan Meehan, Blue Bottle CEO\"]‘We know some of our guests won’t like it — and we’re prepared for that.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larger coffee and fast-food chains around the U.S. are feeling a sense of urgency to be more environmentally friendly, and will no doubt be watching, said Bridget Croke, of New York-based recycling investment firm Closed Loop Partners, which is working with Starbucks and McDonald’s to develop an eco-friendly alternative to the disposable coffee cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the name, today’s conventional paper cups for hot drinks aren’t made solely from paper. They also have plastic linings that prevent leakage but make them hard to recycle, Croke said. She says it’s unlikely large national chains will banish disposable cups, in the immediate term, or persuade all customers to bring mugs, so they’re looking for other solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starbucks and McDonald’s chipped in $10 million to a partnership with Closed Loop to develop the “single-use cup of the future” that is recyclable and compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They know there are business risks to not solving these problems. And the cup is the tip of the spear for them,” said Croke, adding that Blue Bottle’s choice of San Francisco for its test run is clearly the right market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starbucks, which has more than 15,000 U.S. cafes and about 16,000 internationally, plans to test newly designed recyclable cups in five cities next year: San Francisco, Seattle, New York, Vancouver and London, spokeswoman Noelle Novoa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California cities have long been leaders in recycling and passing laws to encourage eco-friendly habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the state became the first to ban restaurants from automatically handing out plastic straws with drinks. It was also the first, in 2014, to prohibit stores from providing disposable plastic grocery bags to shoppers, and bags at checkout now cost 10 cents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also this year, San Francisco International Airport became the nation’s first major airport to stop selling water in plastic bottles. Water is now sold in glass bottles and aluminum cans, and travelers are encouraged to bring their own empty bottles to fill up for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, cafes and restaurants in Berkeley will charge 25 cents for disposable cups, and San Francisco is considering similar legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anticipating the fee, a group of about a dozen Berkeley cafes teamed up in a mug-sharing program, where customers can rent a stainless steel cup from one cafe and drop it off at any of the others. Vessel, the Colorado start-up that provides the cups, has a similar program running in Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many coffee drinkers in the San Francisco area are taking Blue Bottle’s announcement in stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course it’s a good idea,” said freelance writer Tracy Schroth, at a Blue Bottle cafe in Oakland. “It’s such a small step to ask people to bring their own cup. People just have to get into the mindset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Tracy Schroth, a patron at Blue Bottle cafe\"]‘It’s such a small step to ask people to bring their own cup. People just have to get into the mindset.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Blue Bottle in San Francisco, electrician Jeff Michaels said he does love the coffee but doesn’t want to pay more if he forgets a mug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I paid almost $7 for this coffee,” Michaels said, sipping a cafe mocha. “How much are people willing to pay for a coffee?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small-cafe owner Kedar Korde is optimistic that one day it will become trendy for coffee drinkers to carry around reusable mugs, just like stainless steel water bottles have become a must-have accessory in the San Francisco area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korde’s Perch Cafe in Oakland ditched paper and plastic cups in September, along with lids and straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now offer a glass jar that comes in a 12 ounce (350 milliliters) or 16 ounce (470 milliliters) size,” Korde said. Customers put down a 50 cent deposit and can return it for a refund or keep it and get 25 cents off future drinks. The cafe also sells 50 cent reusable sleeves for the jars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korde says he’s been surprised by how quickly customers have adapted. He was inspired to make the change after his 9-year-old daughter’s school did a cleanup project at Lake Merritt, across from his cafe, and found their disposable cups in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His daughter joked that she shouldn’t have to clean her room if he couldn’t keep his stuff out of the lake, but he took it more seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a small coffee shop. We’re not going to save the world,” Korde said. But at least “our cups are no longer winding up in the lake.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larger coffee and fast-food chains around the U.S. are feeling a sense of urgency to be more environmentally friendly, and will no doubt be watching, said Bridget Croke, of New York-based recycling investment firm Closed Loop Partners, which is working with Starbucks and McDonald’s to develop an eco-friendly alternative to the disposable coffee cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the name, today’s conventional paper cups for hot drinks aren’t made solely from paper. They also have plastic linings that prevent leakage but make them hard to recycle, Croke said. She says it’s unlikely large national chains will banish disposable cups, in the immediate term, or persuade all customers to bring mugs, so they’re looking for other solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starbucks and McDonald’s chipped in $10 million to a partnership with Closed Loop to develop the “single-use cup of the future” that is recyclable and compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They know there are business risks to not solving these problems. And the cup is the tip of the spear for them,” said Croke, adding that Blue Bottle’s choice of San Francisco for its test run is clearly the right market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starbucks, which has more than 15,000 U.S. cafes and about 16,000 internationally, plans to test newly designed recyclable cups in five cities next year: San Francisco, Seattle, New York, Vancouver and London, spokeswoman Noelle Novoa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California cities have long been leaders in recycling and passing laws to encourage eco-friendly habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the state became the first to ban restaurants from automatically handing out plastic straws with drinks. It was also the first, in 2014, to prohibit stores from providing disposable plastic grocery bags to shoppers, and bags at checkout now cost 10 cents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also this year, San Francisco International Airport became the nation’s first major airport to stop selling water in plastic bottles. Water is now sold in glass bottles and aluminum cans, and travelers are encouraged to bring their own empty bottles to fill up for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, cafes and restaurants in Berkeley will charge 25 cents for disposable cups, and San Francisco is considering similar legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anticipating the fee, a group of about a dozen Berkeley cafes teamed up in a mug-sharing program, where customers can rent a stainless steel cup from one cafe and drop it off at any of the others. Vessel, the Colorado start-up that provides the cups, has a similar program running in Boulder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many coffee drinkers in the San Francisco area are taking Blue Bottle’s announcement in stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course it’s a good idea,” said freelance writer Tracy Schroth, at a Blue Bottle cafe in Oakland. “It’s such a small step to ask people to bring their own cup. People just have to get into the mindset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Blue Bottle in San Francisco, electrician Jeff Michaels said he does love the coffee but doesn’t want to pay more if he forgets a mug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I paid almost $7 for this coffee,” Michaels said, sipping a cafe mocha. “How much are people willing to pay for a coffee?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small-cafe owner Kedar Korde is optimistic that one day it will become trendy for coffee drinkers to carry around reusable mugs, just like stainless steel water bottles have become a must-have accessory in the San Francisco area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korde’s Perch Cafe in Oakland ditched paper and plastic cups in September, along with lids and straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now offer a glass jar that comes in a 12 ounce (350 milliliters) or 16 ounce (470 milliliters) size,” Korde said. Customers put down a 50 cent deposit and can return it for a refund or keep it and get 25 cents off future drinks. The cafe also sells 50 cent reusable sleeves for the jars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korde says he’s been surprised by how quickly customers have adapted. He was inspired to make the change after his 9-year-old daughter’s school did a cleanup project at Lake Merritt, across from his cafe, and found their disposable cups in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His daughter joked that she shouldn’t have to clean her room if he couldn’t keep his stuff out of the lake, but he took it more seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "scrapping-non-medical-exemptions-increased-california-vaccination-rates-new-study-finds",
"title": "Banning Non-Medical Exemptions Increased California Vaccination Rates, New Study Finds",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/222927/californias-new-vaccine-law-expected-to-send-disease-rates-plummeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> that eliminated personal belief exemptions for childhood vaccines appears to be working, according to new research out Monday, which found a hike in vaccination rates among children statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/12/416271/barring-nonmedical-exemptions-increases-vaccination-rates-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study,\u003c/a> published in the journal “PLOS Medicine,” concluded that the state’s stricter immunization requirements have resulted in more kids getting vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers estimated the number of children in California who would have received the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) without the law, and compared that to the number vaccinated after the legislation — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 277\u003c/a> — went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"vaccines\" label=\"Related coverage\"]The \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-vaccine-medical-exemptions-20181029-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law requires\u003c/a> every child taught in school classrooms or enrolled in a child care facility — with the exemption of students who receive medical exemptions from doctors — to be fully immunized against 10 communicable diseases: diphtheria, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae Type B, measles, mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus and varicella (chickenpox).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also compared California’s vaccination rates with those of other states that still have personal belief exemptions, factoring in demographic variations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination rates went up across California, particularly in counties like Sonoma and Santa Cruz, where rates have lingered below the statewide average. the report found. Non-medical exemptions decreased statewide by 2.4%, while medical exemptions increased 0.4%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we look at those high-risk counties, we see the largest increases in vaccine coverage. 10-plus percent jumps in those areas,” said UCSF public health researcher Dr. Nathan Lo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes brought the vaccination rate to 95% in almost all California counties, enough to provide “herd” immunity, or rates high enough that a contagious disease is less likely to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also means that a significant number of parents who previously received non-medical exemptions ended up complying with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that nudge is enough to push the majority of these children to get properly vaccinated,” Lo said, adding that other states and countries would be wise to follow California’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/222927/californias-new-vaccine-law-expected-to-send-disease-rates-plummeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> that eliminated personal belief exemptions for childhood vaccines appears to be working, according to new research out Monday, which found a hike in vaccination rates among children statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/12/416271/barring-nonmedical-exemptions-increases-vaccination-rates-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study,\u003c/a> published in the journal “PLOS Medicine,” concluded that the state’s stricter immunization requirements have resulted in more kids getting vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers estimated the number of children in California who would have received the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) without the law, and compared that to the number vaccinated after the legislation — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 277\u003c/a> — went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-vaccine-medical-exemptions-20181029-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law requires\u003c/a> every child taught in school classrooms or enrolled in a child care facility — with the exemption of students who receive medical exemptions from doctors — to be fully immunized against 10 communicable diseases: diphtheria, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae Type B, measles, mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus and varicella (chickenpox).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also compared California’s vaccination rates with those of other states that still have personal belief exemptions, factoring in demographic variations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination rates went up across California, particularly in counties like Sonoma and Santa Cruz, where rates have lingered below the statewide average. the report found. Non-medical exemptions decreased statewide by 2.4%, while medical exemptions increased 0.4%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we look at those high-risk counties, we see the largest increases in vaccine coverage. 10-plus percent jumps in those areas,” said UCSF public health researcher Dr. Nathan Lo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes brought the vaccination rate to 95% in almost all California counties, enough to provide “herd” immunity, or rates high enough that a contagious disease is less likely to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also means that a significant number of parents who previously received non-medical exemptions ended up complying with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that nudge is enough to push the majority of these children to get properly vaccinated,” Lo said, adding that other states and countries would be wise to follow California’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The 2010s saw breakthroughs in medical science and spectacular discoveries in space and physics. For Californians, it was also the decade that climate change arrived in our front yards in the form of serial cataclysmic fire seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the decade, scientists refined the regimen of HIV/AIDS medication, made life-saving advances in the treatment of cancer, and invented an entirely new gene-editing technology, with the hope of one day curing diseases before they begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s New Horizons probe captured the first close-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">images\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">of\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">Pluto\u003c/a>, and the world caught its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101870482/first-photos-of-a-black-hole-captured-by-event-horizon-telescope-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glimpse\u003c/a>, albeit a bit blurry, of a black hole. Our understanding of exoplanets exploded: the Kepler Space Telescope and the TESS satellite found thousands of new planets outside our solar system, and researchers began to comprehend what those worlds might actually look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the decade closes, the KQED Science team has created a sort of mixtape of the major trends, significant moments and noteworthy discoveries, with an eye toward California and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you want the good news or the bad news first? Well, let’s get it out of the way …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfires Create Havoc\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952558\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952558 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crew of inmate firefighters make their way to firefighting operations to battle the Kincade Fire in Healdsburg, California on October 26, 2019.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The changing climate is leading to longer dry periods in California, which is at least three degrees warmer since the beginning of the industrial era, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-ca.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, combined with a century of suppressing wildfires and denser populations in areas perilously close to fire-prone wilderness, have created the worst fire seasons on record. Since 2012, four of the five \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/5510/top20_acres.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biggest\u003c/a> California wildfires have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934533/the-new-abnormal-climate-effects-on-the-fire-season-are-just-beginning;%20https:/www.kqed.org/science/1950703/climate-change-is-driving-californias-wildfires-the-kincade-fire-not-so-much)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burned\u003c/a> over 1.2 million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Oct. 8, 2017, hot, dry winds downed power lines, carrying sparks and flaming embers long distances to ignite multiple fires. The Tubbs Fire and other North Bay blazes scorched large areas of Sonoma and Napa counties, claiming 44 lives and destroying over 8,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following summer, during the Carr Fire, a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928143/reddings-firenado-was-not-your-garden-variety-fire-whirl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire tornado\u003c/a>” exploded into the outskirts of Redding, devastating everything in its path. The blaze killed eight people and destroyed 1,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the worst was yet to come. In November, the Camp Fire nearly wiped out the town of Paradise and surrounding communities. It was the deadliest wildfire in California history, killing 86 people, destroying almost 14,000 homes, and costing more money than any natural disaster in the world that year. Across wide swaths of the state, smoke from the fire rendered the air unhealthy to breathe, inundating the Bay Area for almost two weeks so that the region registered its worst air quality on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952579\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952579 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of homes destroyed by the Camp Fire on February 11, 2019 in Paradise, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As far as global warming goes, the outlook is not good, whether it relates to fires or to other natural disasters. The 2010s included the hottest year (2017) and the hottest month (July 2019) on record, and the 10 years that make up the decade will almost certainly set a new temperature mark as well, according to the U.N., based on millions of global measurements taken over the last 170 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Living With Wildfire: California Reimagined\u003c/a> asked some big questions about how the state can, in our warming world, learn to survive more frequent and ferocious conflagrations. Are some fire-prone areas now too dangerous to accommodate new housing? How can towns prepare for mass evacuations? And neighborhoods make themselves fire-resistant? Are Californians willing to suffer the inconvenience and financial cost to protect the state from extreme wildfires? Perhaps, but it will mean big changes in how we think and live. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Californians began to experience climate change in the form of hotter days and more destructive fires, state policies to mitigate global warming began to pay dividends. California’s investor-owned utilities shattered \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renewable energy\u003c/a> targets mandated by the state, and California \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/942b5a251fac413a84fc4eb93a67c46c/California-meets-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal-years-early\">reduced\u003c/a> its overall emissions of greenhouse gases below the 1990 level, two years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate policies, in a state with the world’s fifth largest economy, helped spur a rapid decline in the cost of renewable energy around the U.S. This past decade, the cost of wind energy fell by 57%, utility-scale solar power by 86%, and battery energy storage by 76%. In 2019, for the first time, power generation in the U.S. from renewable energy \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=39992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surpassed\u003c/a> power produced from coal. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952593 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are big successes, but California has a lot of work to do over the next 10 years if the state is going to meet its 2045 goal of net-zero emissions, also called carbon neutrality. California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">way behind \u003c/a>in meeting this ambitious objective, in part because emissions from the transportation sector are soaring, due to Californians driving more miles in larger, gas-guzzling trucks and of SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is trying to reverse this trend by incentivizing fuel-efficient cars and setting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/zev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">target\u003c/a> of 5 million electric vehicles traversing California roads by 2030. But meeting that goal is going to be tough, with sales of EVs currently standing at only a \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/sales-dashboard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fraction of that total.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, frustrated by the lack of progress in the fight against climate change, young people took to the streets the last couple of years. The Sunrise Movement, Youth vs. Apocalypse and other Bay Area advocacy groups participated in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947584/live-blog-bay-area-climate-strike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global climate strikes \u003c/a>protesting the failure of government, finance, industry and other institutions to address climate change.– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kevin Stark\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical Advances\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw major advances in the treatment of HIV and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 10 years, scientists have perfected antiretroviral drugs, taken daily in a single pill by people who are HIV-positive. These drugs allow HIV patients to live relatively free of sickness, a far cry from the first decade of the epidemic, when the diagnosis was tantamount to a death sentence. No longer highly toxic, antiretrovirals now work so well they can lower a patient’s viral load to undetectable levels, making it untransmittable from one person to another. Another daily pill, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfaf.org/resource-library/prep/?utm_source=GoogleAds&utm_medium=CPC&utm_campaign=GoogleAds_UEqualsU_PrEP&gclid=CjwKCAiAluLvBRASEiwAAbX3GcnQ19OOhwWeCw4YFui4HMm-wM45wQzXB0fgh9a1hPAxzgkFYKnxRBoCsswQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PrEP,\u003c/a> can be used as a prophylactic against HIV exposure by people who are still free of the virus. Such major strides in treatment and prevention are why scientists are optimistic HIV will be eradicated altogether within the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some types of cancer, a treatment called immunotherapy drastically improved survival and cure rates. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stage 4 melanoma \u003c/a>, which doesn’t respond to radiation or chemotherapy, used to mean \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certain death\u003c/a>, with patients surviving less than a year on average. But over the last decade, instead of burning or poisoning cancer cells to stop the disease, new medicines have unleashed the body’s natural defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally the immune system recognizes disease-causing organisms. But cancer cells go undetected as harmful. New drugs, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/439584/new-gene-therapy-gives-teen-a-second-chance-after-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic engineering\u003c/a> techniques, make them visible and ripe for attack. Think of it like affixing a flag with the message “kill me” on cells that previously operated with impunity. Pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer, among other types, do not currently respond to immunotherapy, but scientists foresee a day when the treatment could be the primary weapon against an array of cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1952602 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may also be a day when doctors can eliminate genetic diseases altogether. A tool called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/370/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR \u003c/a>acts as a molecular scalpel that can make precise changes to genetic mutations giving rise to disease. Scientists hope to one day cure genetic conditions like blindness or sickle cell anemia before they even start. Though tinkering with our DNA raises all kinds of ethical questions about “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934916/chinese-scientist-says-hes-first-to-create-genetically-modified-babies-using-crispr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">playing God\u003c/a>.”– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesleywmcclurg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesley McClurg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predictions Fulfilled\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw some spectacular discoveries in space and physics, some of which had been predicted for decades. Theoretical foresight frequently falls short or remains unproven, but once in a while, it’s right on the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two discoveries in particular should be remembered as a vindication of the human ability to understand and model the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, two teams at CERN, often referred to as the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, announced they had independently detected the Higgs boson. This is a particle associated with an energy field, called the Higgs field, that was theorized in the 1960s and ’70s as a solution to the question: How does matter obtain mass?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer: Through the action of an elementary particle, such as an electron or a quark, interacting with the Higgs field. The more the particle interacts, the more massive it is. And the boson? That’s the particle that the Higgs field emits. The detection of the Higgs boson proved that the Higgs field is real, and it was the final piece of the puzzle for the Standard Model, a set of equations describing how three of the four fundamental forces work. Now, only gravity remains unexplained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade also saw the discovery of gravitational waves, predicted by none other than Albert Einstein in 1916. Einstein thought the acceleration of objects with enough mass would create ripples in the fabric of spacetime. And he thought right. About 100 years later, dual detectors that make up the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, registered those ripples in the form of the aftershock created by two black holes colliding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling far above Earth-bound detection instruments like LIGO, spacecraft originating on Earth reached interstellar space for the first time. These are the Voyager probes, each carrying a copy of the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Golden Record\u003c/a>, which holds images, music and greetings from Earth. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The 2010s saw breakthroughs in medical science and spectacular discoveries in space and physics. For Californians, it was also the decade that climate change arrived in our front yards in the form of serial cataclysmic fire seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the decade, scientists refined the regimen of HIV/AIDS medication, made life-saving advances in the treatment of cancer, and invented an entirely new gene-editing technology, with the hope of one day curing diseases before they begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s New Horizons probe captured the first close-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">images\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">of\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">Pluto\u003c/a>, and the world caught its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101870482/first-photos-of-a-black-hole-captured-by-event-horizon-telescope-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glimpse\u003c/a>, albeit a bit blurry, of a black hole. Our understanding of exoplanets exploded: the Kepler Space Telescope and the TESS satellite found thousands of new planets outside our solar system, and researchers began to comprehend what those worlds might actually look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the decade closes, the KQED Science team has created a sort of mixtape of the major trends, significant moments and noteworthy discoveries, with an eye toward California and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you want the good news or the bad news first? Well, let’s get it out of the way …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfires Create Havoc\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952558\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952558 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crew of inmate firefighters make their way to firefighting operations to battle the Kincade Fire in Healdsburg, California on October 26, 2019.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The changing climate is leading to longer dry periods in California, which is at least three degrees warmer since the beginning of the industrial era, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-ca.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, combined with a century of suppressing wildfires and denser populations in areas perilously close to fire-prone wilderness, have created the worst fire seasons on record. Since 2012, four of the five \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/5510/top20_acres.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biggest\u003c/a> California wildfires have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934533/the-new-abnormal-climate-effects-on-the-fire-season-are-just-beginning;%20https:/www.kqed.org/science/1950703/climate-change-is-driving-californias-wildfires-the-kincade-fire-not-so-much)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burned\u003c/a> over 1.2 million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Oct. 8, 2017, hot, dry winds downed power lines, carrying sparks and flaming embers long distances to ignite multiple fires. The Tubbs Fire and other North Bay blazes scorched large areas of Sonoma and Napa counties, claiming 44 lives and destroying over 8,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following summer, during the Carr Fire, a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928143/reddings-firenado-was-not-your-garden-variety-fire-whirl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire tornado\u003c/a>” exploded into the outskirts of Redding, devastating everything in its path. The blaze killed eight people and destroyed 1,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the worst was yet to come. In November, the Camp Fire nearly wiped out the town of Paradise and surrounding communities. It was the deadliest wildfire in California history, killing 86 people, destroying almost 14,000 homes, and costing more money than any natural disaster in the world that year. Across wide swaths of the state, smoke from the fire rendered the air unhealthy to breathe, inundating the Bay Area for almost two weeks so that the region registered its worst air quality on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952579\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952579 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of homes destroyed by the Camp Fire on February 11, 2019 in Paradise, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As far as global warming goes, the outlook is not good, whether it relates to fires or to other natural disasters. The 2010s included the hottest year (2017) and the hottest month (July 2019) on record, and the 10 years that make up the decade will almost certainly set a new temperature mark as well, according to the U.N., based on millions of global measurements taken over the last 170 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Living With Wildfire: California Reimagined\u003c/a> asked some big questions about how the state can, in our warming world, learn to survive more frequent and ferocious conflagrations. Are some fire-prone areas now too dangerous to accommodate new housing? How can towns prepare for mass evacuations? And neighborhoods make themselves fire-resistant? Are Californians willing to suffer the inconvenience and financial cost to protect the state from extreme wildfires? Perhaps, but it will mean big changes in how we think and live. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Californians began to experience climate change in the form of hotter days and more destructive fires, state policies to mitigate global warming began to pay dividends. California’s investor-owned utilities shattered \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renewable energy\u003c/a> targets mandated by the state, and California \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/942b5a251fac413a84fc4eb93a67c46c/California-meets-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal-years-early\">reduced\u003c/a> its overall emissions of greenhouse gases below the 1990 level, two years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate policies, in a state with the world’s fifth largest economy, helped spur a rapid decline in the cost of renewable energy around the U.S. This past decade, the cost of wind energy fell by 57%, utility-scale solar power by 86%, and battery energy storage by 76%. In 2019, for the first time, power generation in the U.S. from renewable energy \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=39992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surpassed\u003c/a> power produced from coal. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952593 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are big successes, but California has a lot of work to do over the next 10 years if the state is going to meet its 2045 goal of net-zero emissions, also called carbon neutrality. California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">way behind \u003c/a>in meeting this ambitious objective, in part because emissions from the transportation sector are soaring, due to Californians driving more miles in larger, gas-guzzling trucks and of SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is trying to reverse this trend by incentivizing fuel-efficient cars and setting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/zev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">target\u003c/a> of 5 million electric vehicles traversing California roads by 2030. But meeting that goal is going to be tough, with sales of EVs currently standing at only a \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/sales-dashboard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fraction of that total.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, frustrated by the lack of progress in the fight against climate change, young people took to the streets the last couple of years. The Sunrise Movement, Youth vs. Apocalypse and other Bay Area advocacy groups participated in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947584/live-blog-bay-area-climate-strike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global climate strikes \u003c/a>protesting the failure of government, finance, industry and other institutions to address climate change.– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kevin Stark\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical Advances\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw major advances in the treatment of HIV and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 10 years, scientists have perfected antiretroviral drugs, taken daily in a single pill by people who are HIV-positive. These drugs allow HIV patients to live relatively free of sickness, a far cry from the first decade of the epidemic, when the diagnosis was tantamount to a death sentence. No longer highly toxic, antiretrovirals now work so well they can lower a patient’s viral load to undetectable levels, making it untransmittable from one person to another. Another daily pill, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfaf.org/resource-library/prep/?utm_source=GoogleAds&utm_medium=CPC&utm_campaign=GoogleAds_UEqualsU_PrEP&gclid=CjwKCAiAluLvBRASEiwAAbX3GcnQ19OOhwWeCw4YFui4HMm-wM45wQzXB0fgh9a1hPAxzgkFYKnxRBoCsswQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PrEP,\u003c/a> can be used as a prophylactic against HIV exposure by people who are still free of the virus. Such major strides in treatment and prevention are why scientists are optimistic HIV will be eradicated altogether within the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some types of cancer, a treatment called immunotherapy drastically improved survival and cure rates. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stage 4 melanoma \u003c/a>, which doesn’t respond to radiation or chemotherapy, used to mean \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certain death\u003c/a>, with patients surviving less than a year on average. But over the last decade, instead of burning or poisoning cancer cells to stop the disease, new medicines have unleashed the body’s natural defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally the immune system recognizes disease-causing organisms. But cancer cells go undetected as harmful. New drugs, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/439584/new-gene-therapy-gives-teen-a-second-chance-after-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic engineering\u003c/a> techniques, make them visible and ripe for attack. Think of it like affixing a flag with the message “kill me” on cells that previously operated with impunity. Pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer, among other types, do not currently respond to immunotherapy, but scientists foresee a day when the treatment could be the primary weapon against an array of cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1952602 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may also be a day when doctors can eliminate genetic diseases altogether. A tool called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/370/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR \u003c/a>acts as a molecular scalpel that can make precise changes to genetic mutations giving rise to disease. Scientists hope to one day cure genetic conditions like blindness or sickle cell anemia before they even start. Though tinkering with our DNA raises all kinds of ethical questions about “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934916/chinese-scientist-says-hes-first-to-create-genetically-modified-babies-using-crispr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">playing God\u003c/a>.”– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesleywmcclurg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesley McClurg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predictions Fulfilled\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw some spectacular discoveries in space and physics, some of which had been predicted for decades. Theoretical foresight frequently falls short or remains unproven, but once in a while, it’s right on the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two discoveries in particular should be remembered as a vindication of the human ability to understand and model the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, two teams at CERN, often referred to as the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, announced they had independently detected the Higgs boson. This is a particle associated with an energy field, called the Higgs field, that was theorized in the 1960s and ’70s as a solution to the question: How does matter obtain mass?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer: Through the action of an elementary particle, such as an electron or a quark, interacting with the Higgs field. The more the particle interacts, the more massive it is. And the boson? That’s the particle that the Higgs field emits. The detection of the Higgs boson proved that the Higgs field is real, and it was the final piece of the puzzle for the Standard Model, a set of equations describing how three of the four fundamental forces work. Now, only gravity remains unexplained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade also saw the discovery of gravitational waves, predicted by none other than Albert Einstein in 1916. Einstein thought the acceleration of objects with enough mass would create ripples in the fabric of spacetime. And he thought right. About 100 years later, dual detectors that make up the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, registered those ripples in the form of the aftershock created by two black holes colliding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling far above Earth-bound detection instruments like LIGO, spacecraft originating on Earth reached interstellar space for the first time. These are the Voyager probes, each carrying a copy of the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Golden Record\u003c/a>, which holds images, music and greetings from Earth. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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