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"content": "\u003cp>One of America’s most revered environmental groups is undergoing a radical self-examination, both earning applause and triggering pushback from its members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent open letter, Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1967610/as-us-racial-reckoning-escalates-reformers-target-environmental-icons\">confronts head-on\u003c/a> the racism embedded in the organization’s 128-year history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, explored \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1967610/as-us-racial-reckoning-escalates-reformers-target-environmental-icons\">in this post\u003c/a> from KQED’s Kevin Stark, marks a seismic shift for the organization. It lays bare derogatory comments that founder and \u003ca href=\"https://vault.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/\">naturalist John Muir \u003c/a>made toward people of color and how some of the club’s founding members held white supremacist views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/articles/2020/05/ram-n-cruz-elected-first-latino-president-sierra-club\">Ramón Cruz\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, the club’s newly elected national president and the first Latino to hold that position, weighs in on the controversy in a conversation with KQED’s Brian Watt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was your reaction to Michael Brune’s letter?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ramón Cruz:\u003c/em> It’s long past time for the Sierra Club to own its history. We have been grappling with this for years, so it’s not something new to have open discussions among our staff, our volunteers and leaders about the true legacy of the people who founded this institution. We’re actively reevaluating figures from our past whose ideology caused immeasurable harm to oppressed groups, including John Muir, among several others. We see this as a long, transformative journey. And this is just the first step to look inside, to look at where we have exercised privilege, where we have caused harm, in order to also look into the future, as an organization, that is consistent with our values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has there been pushback on this first step?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, certainly. It’s part of this moment of reckoning the whole nation is going through with the movement for Black Lives. There are people who are well advanced into that journey of reexamination and introspection and recognizing where all our privileges play in. And certainly there are others for whom this is a difficult reality to accept. I mean, some of these figures, [like John Muir,] are sacred to many of us. So there is pushback. There are people who would prefer the Sierra Club to only deal with, say, saving nature, regardless of what it implies. But saving nature for whom to enjoy and to benefit? So, I think we have been on this journey for a number of years now, to center everything we do on equity and justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sierra Club founder John Muir’s name is on so many things, especially in California. Should that name be removed from parks and high schools?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, we’re not advocating for getting rid of one name or another. We are in this process of reexamining our history and exposing things. We don’t want to throw away or cancel John Muir. His writings about the sacredness of nature are still very important documents to learn from. But that’s no reason to pretend that he was a perfect hero without any flaws or refuse to acknowledge the harm to native and Indigenous peoples that the early conservationists were so directly connected with. So we’re not advocating to erase him from history. We don’t want to erase history. We want to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have been on this journey for many years. For example, in 2016, the Sierra Club asked the National Park Service to change the name of the \u003ca href=\"https://boomcalifornia.com/2018/11/05/the-golden-states-scientific-white-supremacist/\">Joseph LeConte\u003c/a> lodge in Yosemite. This was a friend of John Muir who was one of the early founders of the club. He was also one of the founders of the University of California, Berkeley. And basically, he was a proponent of eugenics. We asked the park service to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/yosemite-heritage-center/history\">rename the lodge\u003c/a>. We cannot necessarily trace his own ideology to John Muir. But we do recognize that some of Muir’s writings, especially in the earlier part of his life, create conflict right now. They diminish African Americans and Indigenous people. That doesn’t mean he didn’t have a process of evolution through his life. But still, we have to recognize all that in order to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should there be some effort made to make a note of this at the monuments, parks, and schools that bear his name?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s always a good exercise. I know that the people we may hold sacred right now, in the end they’re humans, and we just have to present them as they were — and of course, learn from that and correct wherever there has been harm. With these series of blogs and articles that the Sierra Club is going to have in the upcoming months, it’s a way to meditate on that. I like it when you go to a museum and it’s curated in a way that doesn’t editorialize, but presents that person as a whole. And I think certainly we should do that with a figure as important and relevant as John Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By the time you encountered the environmental movement, could you still feel vestiges of racism?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, certainly. Most of my career has been with big environmental organizations that tend to be whiter. And of course liberal and progressive, but that doesn’t mean that the world isn’t full of micro-aggressions and also racism and prejudice. I’m originally from Puerto Rico. Even though I speak several languages, English might not have been the one I express myself in best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, it’s important to have these moments of reckoning, because then people can really think, what’s the importance of all this. You know, especially these past couple of months, we have been wrestling with that idea. And within our own membership, even, we have some people saying, ‘Let’s not go that far, let’s focus, stay in our lane.’ We are convinced that this is a problem that we have to tackle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the fact that I have been able to develop a career in the last 20-25 years in this organization, I’m standing on the shoulders of so many people of color that struggled to get into these spaces. And the fact that I can be the first Latino president of an organization that is 128 eight years old is a reflection of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is environmental justice tied to environmentalism?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my colleagues, Hop Hopkins, wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/racism-killing-planet\">great article\u003c/a> on how racism is killing the planet. I’m convinced we cannot deal with the climate crisis, with environmental degradation, unless we tear down racism and the concept of white supremacy or the concept of supremacy in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because climate change and all the environmental degradation — the extraction of oil and fossil fuels — all come with the idea that you can have certain zones, certain areas, locations that can be sacrificed. But you cannot sacrifice those zones without having people in them that you conceive as ‘disposable,’ right? And you cannot have ‘disposable people’ without the concept of supremacy or without the concept of racism. So I’m convinced that we have to deal with racism in order to be effective environmental advocates and also to preserve nature for everybody, not just for a few selected ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern environmental movement since 1970 and the first Earth Day 50 years ago has been quite wealthy, quite privileged and more white. And sometimes it didn’t take into consideration the struggles of local communities, which are often environmental justice struggles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, 20 years ago when many of the big environmental organizations were advocating for a national system of emissions trading to deal with climate change, many of the environmental justice organizations opposed it. This was because, ultimately, big environmental organizations were advocating to reduce the overall emissions of the country, but doing that by sacrificing some areas. What the environmental justice movement has done is basically say, ‘No, we have had enough. We are not disposable.’ We cannot have certain areas that enjoy privilege and enjoy clean water and clean air at the expense of others. So we need to ensure that everybody can get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club has been working on becoming better partners with environmental justice organizations. A few years ago, we adopted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/planet/2017/10/sierra-club-and-jemez-principles\">Jemez Principles for Democratic Organizing \u003c/a>as an approach for how to engage with other organizations. And these are basically a series of principles, or guidelines, on how to engage. So it’s about being inclusive, it’s about having an emphasis on bottom-up organizing. Also letting people speak for themselves, and not having an organization like the Sierra Club with its size and its relative power in the environmental movement speak for others. You know, we have to be invited. We have to work together in solidarity and mutuality. We have to build just relationships and also to commit to self-transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club is by no means a perfect organization. There is a lot of work to be done. It’s an ongoing journey. I’m glad the Sierra Club is starting that journey; I’m part of that. We’re definitely committed to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of America’s most revered environmental groups is undergoing a radical self-examination, both earning applause and triggering pushback from its members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent open letter, Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1967610/as-us-racial-reckoning-escalates-reformers-target-environmental-icons\">confronts head-on\u003c/a> the racism embedded in the organization’s 128-year history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, explored \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1967610/as-us-racial-reckoning-escalates-reformers-target-environmental-icons\">in this post\u003c/a> from KQED’s Kevin Stark, marks a seismic shift for the organization. It lays bare derogatory comments that founder and \u003ca href=\"https://vault.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/\">naturalist John Muir \u003c/a>made toward people of color and how some of the club’s founding members held white supremacist views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/articles/2020/05/ram-n-cruz-elected-first-latino-president-sierra-club\">Ramón Cruz\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, the club’s newly elected national president and the first Latino to hold that position, weighs in on the controversy in a conversation with KQED’s Brian Watt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What was your reaction to Michael Brune’s letter?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ramón Cruz:\u003c/em> It’s long past time for the Sierra Club to own its history. We have been grappling with this for years, so it’s not something new to have open discussions among our staff, our volunteers and leaders about the true legacy of the people who founded this institution. We’re actively reevaluating figures from our past whose ideology caused immeasurable harm to oppressed groups, including John Muir, among several others. We see this as a long, transformative journey. And this is just the first step to look inside, to look at where we have exercised privilege, where we have caused harm, in order to also look into the future, as an organization, that is consistent with our values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has there been pushback on this first step?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, certainly. It’s part of this moment of reckoning the whole nation is going through with the movement for Black Lives. There are people who are well advanced into that journey of reexamination and introspection and recognizing where all our privileges play in. And certainly there are others for whom this is a difficult reality to accept. I mean, some of these figures, [like John Muir,] are sacred to many of us. So there is pushback. There are people who would prefer the Sierra Club to only deal with, say, saving nature, regardless of what it implies. But saving nature for whom to enjoy and to benefit? So, I think we have been on this journey for a number of years now, to center everything we do on equity and justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sierra Club founder John Muir’s name is on so many things, especially in California. Should that name be removed from parks and high schools?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, we’re not advocating for getting rid of one name or another. We are in this process of reexamining our history and exposing things. We don’t want to throw away or cancel John Muir. His writings about the sacredness of nature are still very important documents to learn from. But that’s no reason to pretend that he was a perfect hero without any flaws or refuse to acknowledge the harm to native and Indigenous peoples that the early conservationists were so directly connected with. So we’re not advocating to erase him from history. We don’t want to erase history. We want to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have been on this journey for many years. For example, in 2016, the Sierra Club asked the National Park Service to change the name of the \u003ca href=\"https://boomcalifornia.com/2018/11/05/the-golden-states-scientific-white-supremacist/\">Joseph LeConte\u003c/a> lodge in Yosemite. This was a friend of John Muir who was one of the early founders of the club. He was also one of the founders of the University of California, Berkeley. And basically, he was a proponent of eugenics. We asked the park service to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/yosemite-heritage-center/history\">rename the lodge\u003c/a>. We cannot necessarily trace his own ideology to John Muir. But we do recognize that some of Muir’s writings, especially in the earlier part of his life, create conflict right now. They diminish African Americans and Indigenous people. That doesn’t mean he didn’t have a process of evolution through his life. But still, we have to recognize all that in order to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Should there be some effort made to make a note of this at the monuments, parks, and schools that bear his name?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s always a good exercise. I know that the people we may hold sacred right now, in the end they’re humans, and we just have to present them as they were — and of course, learn from that and correct wherever there has been harm. With these series of blogs and articles that the Sierra Club is going to have in the upcoming months, it’s a way to meditate on that. I like it when you go to a museum and it’s curated in a way that doesn’t editorialize, but presents that person as a whole. And I think certainly we should do that with a figure as important and relevant as John Muir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By the time you encountered the environmental movement, could you still feel vestiges of racism?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, certainly. Most of my career has been with big environmental organizations that tend to be whiter. And of course liberal and progressive, but that doesn’t mean that the world isn’t full of micro-aggressions and also racism and prejudice. I’m originally from Puerto Rico. Even though I speak several languages, English might not have been the one I express myself in best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so, it’s important to have these moments of reckoning, because then people can really think, what’s the importance of all this. You know, especially these past couple of months, we have been wrestling with that idea. And within our own membership, even, we have some people saying, ‘Let’s not go that far, let’s focus, stay in our lane.’ We are convinced that this is a problem that we have to tackle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the fact that I have been able to develop a career in the last 20-25 years in this organization, I’m standing on the shoulders of so many people of color that struggled to get into these spaces. And the fact that I can be the first Latino president of an organization that is 128 eight years old is a reflection of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is environmental justice tied to environmentalism?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my colleagues, Hop Hopkins, wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/racism-killing-planet\">great article\u003c/a> on how racism is killing the planet. I’m convinced we cannot deal with the climate crisis, with environmental degradation, unless we tear down racism and the concept of white supremacy or the concept of supremacy in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because climate change and all the environmental degradation — the extraction of oil and fossil fuels — all come with the idea that you can have certain zones, certain areas, locations that can be sacrificed. But you cannot sacrifice those zones without having people in them that you conceive as ‘disposable,’ right? And you cannot have ‘disposable people’ without the concept of supremacy or without the concept of racism. So I’m convinced that we have to deal with racism in order to be effective environmental advocates and also to preserve nature for everybody, not just for a few selected ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern environmental movement since 1970 and the first Earth Day 50 years ago has been quite wealthy, quite privileged and more white. And sometimes it didn’t take into consideration the struggles of local communities, which are often environmental justice struggles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, 20 years ago when many of the big environmental organizations were advocating for a national system of emissions trading to deal with climate change, many of the environmental justice organizations opposed it. This was because, ultimately, big environmental organizations were advocating to reduce the overall emissions of the country, but doing that by sacrificing some areas. What the environmental justice movement has done is basically say, ‘No, we have had enough. We are not disposable.’ We cannot have certain areas that enjoy privilege and enjoy clean water and clean air at the expense of others. So we need to ensure that everybody can get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club has been working on becoming better partners with environmental justice organizations. A few years ago, we adopted the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraclub.org/planet/2017/10/sierra-club-and-jemez-principles\">Jemez Principles for Democratic Organizing \u003c/a>as an approach for how to engage with other organizations. And these are basically a series of principles, or guidelines, on how to engage. So it’s about being inclusive, it’s about having an emphasis on bottom-up organizing. Also letting people speak for themselves, and not having an organization like the Sierra Club with its size and its relative power in the environmental movement speak for others. You know, we have to be invited. We have to work together in solidarity and mutuality. We have to build just relationships and also to commit to self-transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club is by no means a perfect organization. There is a lot of work to be done. It’s an ongoing journey. I’m glad the Sierra Club is starting that journey; I’m part of that. We’re definitely committed to get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "electric-cars-will-cost-same-as-gas-models-as-soon-as-2023-researchers-say",
"title": "Electric Cars Will Cost Same as Gas Models as Soon as 2023, Researchers Say",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">At some point, probably sooner than you expect, the price of an all-electric vehicle will fall far enough to equal the cost of an equivalent gasoline vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">We know that day is coming and a whole lot of people — many of whom work in the auto industry — would like to know when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">So here’s an answer: Maybe by 2023, probably by 2024 and almost definitely by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s according to Venkat Viswanathan and his team of researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. They developed a model to calculate the costs of EV batteries that breaks down the costs of each component and then predicts changes over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There will definitely be cars, passenger vehicles, in multiple segments where the EV option is the cheaper option,” Viswanathan said about the 2025 time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we talk about the cost of EVs, we’re mainly talking about the cost of batteries, which are the most expensive components in the vehicle, and also the ones for which the costs are changing most quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Analysts and researchers have said for years that a battery price of $100 per kilowatt-hour is the point at which EVs become cost-competitive with gasoline vehicles. Last year, the global average price was down to \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://about.bnef.com/blog/battery-pack-prices-fall-as-market-ramps-up-with-market-average-at-156-kwh-in-2019/\">$156\u003c/a>\u003c/b> per kilowatt-hour, according to BloombergNEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1967915\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/LithiumIonBatteryPricesICE529px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/LithiumIonBatteryPricesICE529px.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/LithiumIonBatteryPricesICE529px-160x149.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the model developed by Viswanathan and his colleagues shows that battery packs are on track to cost less than $80 per kilowatt-hour by 2025, a projection in line with leading forecasts, like that from BloombergNEF (You can read more about their model in a 2017 \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.0671711jes\">journal article\u003c/a>\u003c/b> and in a \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-road-to-electric-vehicles-with-lower-sticker-prices-than-gas-cars-battery-costs-explained-137196\">recent post\u003c/a>\u003c/b> on The Conversation).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now that the below-$100 benchmark is within sight, it’s important to specify what it means. It doesn’t mean that I can go out and buy an EV of any size and it will cost the same or less than it would for a gasoline model with similar features. But it probably does mean that I will be able to get a compact sedan EV for about the same cost and with similar features as one that runs on gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Viswanathan said cost parity will arrive first for small sedans that now sell for $30,000 or less. It will take longer for automakers to develop electric trucks and SUVs that cost about the same as similar gasoline models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the big reasons we will need to wait longer for larger vehicles is that trucks and SUVs need a lot of power for towing capacity, which means larger battery packs and higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fact that EVs will be cost-competitive should help to transform a market in which less than 2% of new vehicles sold are all-electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">This change is coming, and it’s coming fast, and that’s good news for the climate because transportation is responsible for \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#:~:text=The%20primary%20sources%20of%20greenhouse,share%20of%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.\">more than a quarter\u003c/a>\u003c/b> of U.S. emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Electric Trucks Are Coming, with Chevy Entering the Fray\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most of the EVs on the market today are sedans, even though U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nada.org/nadamarketbeat/\">consumers prefer\u003c/a>, by a wide margin, crossovers, trucks and SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Automakers know that for EVs to truly reach the mainstream, there will need to be attractive options in all of those classes, which is why several of the biggest players are racing to develop all-electric pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">General Motors \u003ca href=\"https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a33367111/gm-promises-a-400-mile-range-electric-pickup/\">said last week\u003c/a> that it will begin selling an all-electric Chevrolet pickup by 2025. This will follow the company’s release of the GMC Hummer EV, a pickup that could go on sale as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those models will be part of a competitive landscape that also includes the Ford F-150 EV, the Tesla Cybertruck and the Rivian R1T, all of which are heading for rollouts over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stephanie Brinley, an auto analyst for IHS Markit, told me that automakers are developing electric trucks not because they expect to sell a lot of them in the near future, but because they need to have strong electric options across their lineups in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“You can’t wait until 2040 and go, ‘Oh, now we’ll just drop the battery in here,'” she said. “The vehicle needs are too complicated, so you have to start developing it much earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her company is projecting that all-electric trucks will be 0.87% of U.S. sales of cars and light trucks in 2025, and that EVs in general will be about 8% of sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the big questions about electric trucks is which regions will emerge as centers of customer demand. Brinley said she is looking to Texas as a possibility because the state is the leading market for pickup trucks. California is also likely to have a big role to play, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But even in those places that have demand for electric trucks, that demand is likely to be low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really in baby stages,” Brinley said of building the foundation of the market to come. “It’s not about how many you sell in 2024. It’s about how many you sell in 2035.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cem>Reporter Nicole Pollack contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">At some point, probably sooner than you expect, the price of an all-electric vehicle will fall far enough to equal the cost of an equivalent gasoline vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">We know that day is coming and a whole lot of people — many of whom work in the auto industry — would like to know when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">So here’s an answer: Maybe by 2023, probably by 2024 and almost definitely by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s according to Venkat Viswanathan and his team of researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. They developed a model to calculate the costs of EV batteries that breaks down the costs of each component and then predicts changes over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There will definitely be cars, passenger vehicles, in multiple segments where the EV option is the cheaper option,” Viswanathan said about the 2025 time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we talk about the cost of EVs, we’re mainly talking about the cost of batteries, which are the most expensive components in the vehicle, and also the ones for which the costs are changing most quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Analysts and researchers have said for years that a battery price of $100 per kilowatt-hour is the point at which EVs become cost-competitive with gasoline vehicles. Last year, the global average price was down to \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://about.bnef.com/blog/battery-pack-prices-fall-as-market-ramps-up-with-market-average-at-156-kwh-in-2019/\">$156\u003c/a>\u003c/b> per kilowatt-hour, according to BloombergNEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1967915\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/LithiumIonBatteryPricesICE529px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/LithiumIonBatteryPricesICE529px.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/LithiumIonBatteryPricesICE529px-160x149.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the model developed by Viswanathan and his colleagues shows that battery packs are on track to cost less than $80 per kilowatt-hour by 2025, a projection in line with leading forecasts, like that from BloombergNEF (You can read more about their model in a 2017 \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.0671711jes\">journal article\u003c/a>\u003c/b> and in a \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-road-to-electric-vehicles-with-lower-sticker-prices-than-gas-cars-battery-costs-explained-137196\">recent post\u003c/a>\u003c/b> on The Conversation).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now that the below-$100 benchmark is within sight, it’s important to specify what it means. It doesn’t mean that I can go out and buy an EV of any size and it will cost the same or less than it would for a gasoline model with similar features. But it probably does mean that I will be able to get a compact sedan EV for about the same cost and with similar features as one that runs on gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Viswanathan said cost parity will arrive first for small sedans that now sell for $30,000 or less. It will take longer for automakers to develop electric trucks and SUVs that cost about the same as similar gasoline models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the big reasons we will need to wait longer for larger vehicles is that trucks and SUVs need a lot of power for towing capacity, which means larger battery packs and higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fact that EVs will be cost-competitive should help to transform a market in which less than 2% of new vehicles sold are all-electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">This change is coming, and it’s coming fast, and that’s good news for the climate because transportation is responsible for \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#:~:text=The%20primary%20sources%20of%20greenhouse,share%20of%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions.\">more than a quarter\u003c/a>\u003c/b> of U.S. emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Electric Trucks Are Coming, with Chevy Entering the Fray\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most of the EVs on the market today are sedans, even though U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nada.org/nadamarketbeat/\">consumers prefer\u003c/a>, by a wide margin, crossovers, trucks and SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Automakers know that for EVs to truly reach the mainstream, there will need to be attractive options in all of those classes, which is why several of the biggest players are racing to develop all-electric pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">General Motors \u003ca href=\"https://www.autoweek.com/news/green-cars/a33367111/gm-promises-a-400-mile-range-electric-pickup/\">said last week\u003c/a> that it will begin selling an all-electric Chevrolet pickup by 2025. This will follow the company’s release of the GMC Hummer EV, a pickup that could go on sale as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those models will be part of a competitive landscape that also includes the Ford F-150 EV, the Tesla Cybertruck and the Rivian R1T, all of which are heading for rollouts over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stephanie Brinley, an auto analyst for IHS Markit, told me that automakers are developing electric trucks not because they expect to sell a lot of them in the near future, but because they need to have strong electric options across their lineups in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“You can’t wait until 2040 and go, ‘Oh, now we’ll just drop the battery in here,'” she said. “The vehicle needs are too complicated, so you have to start developing it much earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her company is projecting that all-electric trucks will be 0.87% of U.S. sales of cars and light trucks in 2025, and that EVs in general will be about 8% of sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the big questions about electric trucks is which regions will emerge as centers of customer demand. Brinley said she is looking to Texas as a possibility because the state is the leading market for pickup trucks. California is also likely to have a big role to play, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But even in those places that have demand for electric trucks, that demand is likely to be low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really in baby stages,” Brinley said of building the foundation of the market to come. “It’s not about how many you sell in 2024. It’s about how many you sell in 2035.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cem>Reporter Nicole Pollack contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Monterey Bay Community Power is entering the world of agricultural electrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The community-owned electricity provider launched its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbcommunitypower.org/ag-electrification-grant-program/\">agriculture-specific grant program\u003c/a> this week, an initiative that will fund the replacement of fossil fuel-powered farm equipment, like tractors and forklifts, with electric alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding will be allocated based on the number of customers that the electricity provider serves in each county. Of the $160,000 available — enough to fund at least eight grants of up to $20,000 each — half the money is earmarked for agricultural customers in Monterey County and a quarter for Santa Cruz County, with the remainder split between San Benito County and the cities of San Luis Obispo and Morro Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The hope is to learn, establish ourselves as a trusted resource for the Ag sector, and then just build upon the success of this program,” said J.R. Killigrew, director of communications and outreach for Monterey Bay Community Power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The electricity provider’s leaders have said their goal is to electrify the Central Coast, and they want to ensure that agricultural customers are included in that transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The grant program would mean new customers for the small but growing array of companies that make electric farm equipment. One of those companies is \u003ca href=\"https://www.solectrac.com/\">Solectrac\u003c/a>, a startup based in Mendocino County, California, that makes compact electric tractors. Its eUtility model provides the equivalent of 40 horsepower for a base price of $45,000, which is roughly 50% more than an equivalent diesel tractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I became converted that this is going to work, and this is coming,” said Roger Hoy, director of the University of Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory, who has tested the Solectac model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">He said he expects that the electric tractor market will start with small models and build from that niche, adding that there is not yet a viable electric alternative to the large tractors used for row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The grants from Monterey Bay Community Power would reduce or eliminate the cost difference between an electric model and a diesel one, which should make the EVs an attractive option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“At the end of the day, they’re trying to make a buck,” Killigrew said about the farmers that may apply. “They’re trying to make sure that they stay in business. So any way they could find means that could help support their operations, and if we can do it in a clean and sustainable way, then we’re meeting their goals and we’re also meeting our goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Applications for the grant close at the end of August. The electricity provider plans to announce recipients by late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cem>Reporter Nicole Pollack contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Monterey Bay Community Power is entering the world of agricultural electrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The community-owned electricity provider launched its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbcommunitypower.org/ag-electrification-grant-program/\">agriculture-specific grant program\u003c/a> this week, an initiative that will fund the replacement of fossil fuel-powered farm equipment, like tractors and forklifts, with electric alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding will be allocated based on the number of customers that the electricity provider serves in each county. Of the $160,000 available — enough to fund at least eight grants of up to $20,000 each — half the money is earmarked for agricultural customers in Monterey County and a quarter for Santa Cruz County, with the remainder split between San Benito County and the cities of San Luis Obispo and Morro Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The hope is to learn, establish ourselves as a trusted resource for the Ag sector, and then just build upon the success of this program,” said J.R. Killigrew, director of communications and outreach for Monterey Bay Community Power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The electricity provider’s leaders have said their goal is to electrify the Central Coast, and they want to ensure that agricultural customers are included in that transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The grant program would mean new customers for the small but growing array of companies that make electric farm equipment. One of those companies is \u003ca href=\"https://www.solectrac.com/\">Solectrac\u003c/a>, a startup based in Mendocino County, California, that makes compact electric tractors. Its eUtility model provides the equivalent of 40 horsepower for a base price of $45,000, which is roughly 50% more than an equivalent diesel tractor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I became converted that this is going to work, and this is coming,” said Roger Hoy, director of the University of Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory, who has tested the Solectac model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">He said he expects that the electric tractor market will start with small models and build from that niche, adding that there is not yet a viable electric alternative to the large tractors used for row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The grants from Monterey Bay Community Power would reduce or eliminate the cost difference between an electric model and a diesel one, which should make the EVs an attractive option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“At the end of the day, they’re trying to make a buck,” Killigrew said about the farmers that may apply. “They’re trying to make sure that they stay in business. So any way they could find means that could help support their operations, and if we can do it in a clean and sustainable way, then we’re meeting their goals and we’re also meeting our goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Applications for the grant close at the end of August. The electricity provider plans to announce recipients by late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cem>Reporter Nicole Pollack contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "meet-the-plants-sf-botanical-garden-is-a-refuge-for-rare-and-disappearing-flora",
"title": "Meet the Plants! SF Botanical Garden Looks Like Willy Wonka's Chocolate Factory for Flora",
"publishDate": 1595250017,
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"headTitle": "Meet the Plants! SF Botanical Garden Looks Like Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory for Flora | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Stepping onto the 55-acre grounds of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbg.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Botanical Garden\u003c/a> feels a bit like entering the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=willy+wonka+chocolate+room&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS713US713&sxsrf=ALeKk00S0TQAe5qnyjx1nlMRJMht0PP7Aw:1595006275195&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=neWbfqjFQpbtyM%252CXDtTsL3n2vNpnM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSqV4eGiK9f39dAzPlcnNkeZeKEyA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU5smz5dTqAhUDgp4KHZE5C34Q_h0wAXoECAkQBA&biw=1583&bih=935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chocolate room\u003c/a> at Willy Wonka’s factory, if that storybook setting were bursting with real plants instead of ones made of candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located in the heart of Golden Gate Park, just blocks away from bustling city life (though not as bustling during these days of the pandemic), the garden is home to an astounding array of more than 9,000 types of flowers, plants and trees from across the globe. When not subject to various levels of quarantine, roughly 400,000 visitors a year tour the grounds, which are open seven days a week and are free to city residents. Horticulturist John McLaren, the Golden Gate Park superintendent for over 50 years, first devised plans for the garden in the late 1800s. But funding problems prevented an official opening until 1940.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967325\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967325\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978-768x514.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Patricia Forrester painting magnolias in the garden in 1978. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here they can take in velvety pink and magenta flowering magnolias from the Himalayas; endangered South African proteas that grow on a single mountain; and something called a monkey puzzle tree, a rare evergreen from Chile with \u003ca href=\"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/718%2BFoHyN6L._AC_SL1000_.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">limbs of sharp, succulent-like leaves\u003c/a> unfolding from its trunk. As for native species, the garden hosts everything from California lilac to giant sequoias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this 150th year of Golden Gate Park and 80th of the Botanical Garden, the garden has unveiled plans for a brand new nursery to advance its mission of preserving endangered plants increasingly threatened by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>From Big Beach to Big Garden\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staring out at the sanctuary’s lush lawns and winding forested foot trails, it’s hard to imagine this was all once nothing but sand dunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Golden Gate Park was established in 1870, the dunes stretched out over its thousand-acres, extending east from Ocean Beach, where San Francisco meets the Pacific at the edge of the continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967328\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967328\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes-160x64.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes-768x307.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden Gate Park, as pictured in the late 1800s, was once sand dunes stretching east from Ocean Beach. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This was just a big dune all the way out. If you dig down 2 feet anywhere here, it’s gonna be sand,” said garden docent Kyle Pierce, while leading a tour in late February, just weeks before the pandemic shut the garden down for several months. It reopened in June, with safety protocols requiring masks and a capacity limit of 2,500 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To transform the terrain from beach to garden, he says, the city plowed in horse manure and nutrient-rich soil, so plants could take root and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967327\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli-768x501.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Walther, the garden’s first director, pictured next to a blooming Magnolia campbellii, his favorite plant, in the 1940s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you amend it enough, you can grow anything,” he said. “By 1879 they’d already planted 150,000 trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the initial Monterey cypress, Monterey pine and blue gum eucalyptus trees remain in the park today, 150 years later. The species were chosen, Pierce says, to serve as a windbreak for other plants to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Preserving Flora From Across the Globe \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the garden has become a refuge for threatened plants from all over the world. One of its main attractions is a collection of more than a hundred different types of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbg.org/magnolias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">magnolia trees\u003c/a>, which bloom for three months at the start of each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These trees have been dubbed the most significant collection of magnolias for the purposes of conservation outside of China by \u003ca href=\"https://www.bgci.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Botanic Garden Conservation International\u003c/a>, a global plant preservation society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A zen magnolia blossoming at the San Francisco Botanical Garden in February 2020. Less than 20 of these trees are left in the wild. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On our walk, Pierce points out the distinct cup-and-saucer arrangement of one magnolia’s pink-hued petals. This \u003ci>Magnolia campbellii\u003c/i>, a native to Himalayan valleys, became the first of its kind to blossom in the U.S. back when the garden opened in the winter of 1940.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rarest tree of the bunch is the \u003ci>Magnolia zenii\u003c/i>, or the zen magnolia. Its flowers, snowy white with purple stripes, are smaller and more delicate than the others we passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only 18 individuals exist in the wild within one province in China, with no sign of regeneration,” Pierce said. “A lot of the garden’s magnolias are wild-collected. So they’re preserving a DNA of wild species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Botanical Garden and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926500/a-glimpse-into-the-future-of-northern-california-plantlife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other created havens\u003c/a> for flora play a critical role in protecting plants that are at risk of extinction due to climate change and deforestation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Botanical gardens, public gardens, are a key mechanism in making sure those plants don’t disappear from humanity,” said the San Francisco garden’s director, Matthew Stephens. “Because what the research suggests is that they probably won’t be wherever they’re growing now in 150 or 200 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the greenhouse, horticulturists raise plants from seeds or seedlings until they’re ready to move to the garden outside. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To protect threatened species, he says, the garden partners with greenhouses, nonprofits and governments from around the world. The hope is that preserving a population across a network of different gardens will act as insurance against the extinction of a species in decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The core function of the nursery is to be a pipeline for plants into the garden,” Stephens said. “Through our network of collaborators, new plants arrive at the garden all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethically sourced seeds and seedlings are reared in the greenhouse until they’re hardy enough for planting in the garden outside. Earlier this year, garden officials announced a nearly $7 million project for a new climate-controlled greenhouse and outdoor nursery to replace the current facility, which is more than 50 years old and was originally envisioned as a temporary structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a new modern nursery,” Stephens said, “it enables us to bring a more sophisticated approach to that new wave, new pipeline of plants for today, but also for future generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967326\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967326\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-1020x648.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-768x488.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai.jpg 1489w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The garden has plans to break ground on a new climate-controlled greenhouse and outdoor plant nursery in 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>From High Altitude Cloud Forests to San Francisco Fog\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The successful conservation of rare flora in gardens like this often depends on how well the environment matches the plants’ wild conditions. A species that thrives in San Francisco, for instance, may not do well in \u003ca href=\"https://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley\u003c/a>, even though it’s just across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are blessed with this very cool, foggy, mild climate here in San Francisco,” said garden curator Ryan Guillou. “So we can grow a lot of things that most other gardens can’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, he says, these year-round conditions make the botanical garden a refuge for plants from the cool, high-elevation cloud forests of Africa and South America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillou says less than 1% of the world’s land surface has the right climate to support cloud forest flora, and with climate change, even that small number will decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their habitat is definitely shrinking because these plants can’t move fast enough up the mountain to stay cool and they’re disappearing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-800x608.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-800x608.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-1020x775.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-768x583.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-1536x1167.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-2048x1556.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-1920x1459.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two towering specimens of Ceroxylon quindiuense, or Andean wax palm. Plants from the mountainous cloud forests of South America are under increasing threat from climate change. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A prominent feature of the garden’s Andean Cloud Forest collection are two side-by-side specimens of \u003ci>Ceroxylon quindiuense,\u003c/i> or the Andean wax palm. These towering trees grow at elevations higher than any palm species in the world. They’re also the tallest palm trees, growing up to 200 feet in the wild. The bark is chalky white with charcoal-colored rings extending up the trunk, impressions left by falling leaves as the tree grew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During my visit, I helped Guillou plant another palm species that came to the nursery as a seedling six years ago from the highlands of Colombia. The baby \u003ci>Ceroxylon alpinum\u003c/i>, or alpine wax palm, may look like an ordinary house plant now, but Guillou says over the next hundred years it will sprout up 60 feet, and its leaves will develop a glowing silvery sheen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These guys are actually one of the more endangered species of the \u003ci>Ceroxylon\u003c/i> group,\u003ci>” \u003c/i>Guillou said while covering the palm’s roots with soil. “It’s one of the classic examples of species that has to grow here. And if they go extinct in the wild, where else are they going to grow?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967302\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Botanical Garden curator Ryan Guillou adds the ID tag to a newly planted endangered Alpine wax palm. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Coping With COVID-19\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-month coronavirus shutdown cost the Botanical Garden roughly a million dollars in revenue. The garden, which is managed jointly by the San Francisco Recreation and Park Department and the San Francisco Botanical Garden Society, laid off 25 staff (12 of whom were hired back upon reopening). Dozens of programs and special events had to be canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Magnolia x veitchii flower blooms at the San Francisco Botanical Garden in February 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But despite the closure, Executive Director Stephanie Linder says plantings and other critical projects have continued, including preparations for the new greenhouse and nursery. Garden officials say plans to break ground on the project in 2021 are still on track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the garden now reopened to the public, Linder hopes it can be not only a refuge for plants, but for people who can connect with nature again after being trapped at home for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve known for quite some time that there is scientific evidence that time spent outdoors in nature boosts immunity, lowers stress hormones, lowers blood pressure, just gives people a sense of well-being, reflection,” Linder said. “And all of those things are needed now more than ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If recent attendance is any indication, Linder is right. The garden welcomed roughly 50,000 visitors in June, a 40 percent jump from last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967329\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s-768x467.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hand-illustrated map of the garden from the 1970s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stepping onto the 55-acre grounds of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbg.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Botanical Garden\u003c/a> feels a bit like entering the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=willy+wonka+chocolate+room&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS713US713&sxsrf=ALeKk00S0TQAe5qnyjx1nlMRJMht0PP7Aw:1595006275195&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=neWbfqjFQpbtyM%252CXDtTsL3n2vNpnM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSqV4eGiK9f39dAzPlcnNkeZeKEyA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU5smz5dTqAhUDgp4KHZE5C34Q_h0wAXoECAkQBA&biw=1583&bih=935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chocolate room\u003c/a> at Willy Wonka’s factory, if that storybook setting were bursting with real plants instead of ones made of candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located in the heart of Golden Gate Park, just blocks away from bustling city life (though not as bustling during these days of the pandemic), the garden is home to an astounding array of more than 9,000 types of flowers, plants and trees from across the globe. When not subject to various levels of quarantine, roughly 400,000 visitors a year tour the grounds, which are open seven days a week and are free to city residents. Horticulturist John McLaren, the Golden Gate Park superintendent for over 50 years, first devised plans for the garden in the late 1800s. But funding problems prevented an official opening until 1940.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967325\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967325\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-1978-768x514.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist Patricia Forrester painting magnolias in the garden in 1978. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here they can take in velvety pink and magenta flowering magnolias from the Himalayas; endangered South African proteas that grow on a single mountain; and something called a monkey puzzle tree, a rare evergreen from Chile with \u003ca href=\"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/718%2BFoHyN6L._AC_SL1000_.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">limbs of sharp, succulent-like leaves\u003c/a> unfolding from its trunk. As for native species, the garden hosts everything from California lilac to giant sequoias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this 150th year of Golden Gate Park and 80th of the Botanical Garden, the garden has unveiled plans for a brand new nursery to advance its mission of preserving endangered plants increasingly threatened by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>From Big Beach to Big Garden\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staring out at the sanctuary’s lush lawns and winding forested foot trails, it’s hard to imagine this was all once nothing but sand dunes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Golden Gate Park was established in 1870, the dunes stretched out over its thousand-acres, extending east from Ocean Beach, where San Francisco meets the Pacific at the edge of the continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967328\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967328\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes-160x64.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Sand-dunes-768x307.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden Gate Park, as pictured in the late 1800s, was once sand dunes stretching east from Ocean Beach. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This was just a big dune all the way out. If you dig down 2 feet anywhere here, it’s gonna be sand,” said garden docent Kyle Pierce, while leading a tour in late February, just weeks before the pandemic shut the garden down for several months. It reopened in June, with safety protocols requiring masks and a capacity limit of 2,500 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To transform the terrain from beach to garden, he says, the city plowed in horse manure and nutrient-rich soil, so plants could take root and thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967327\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967327\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-Campbelli-768x501.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eric Walther, the garden’s first director, pictured next to a blooming Magnolia campbellii, his favorite plant, in the 1940s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you amend it enough, you can grow anything,” he said. “By 1879 they’d already planted 150,000 trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the initial Monterey cypress, Monterey pine and blue gum eucalyptus trees remain in the park today, 150 years later. The species were chosen, Pierce says, to serve as a windbreak for other plants to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Preserving Flora From Across the Globe \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the garden has become a refuge for threatened plants from all over the world. One of its main attractions is a collection of more than a hundred different types of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbg.org/magnolias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">magnolia trees\u003c/a>, which bloom for three months at the start of each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These trees have been dubbed the most significant collection of magnolias for the purposes of conservation outside of China by \u003ca href=\"https://www.bgci.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Botanic Garden Conservation International\u003c/a>, a global plant preservation society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Zen-Magnolia-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A zen magnolia blossoming at the San Francisco Botanical Garden in February 2020. Less than 20 of these trees are left in the wild. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On our walk, Pierce points out the distinct cup-and-saucer arrangement of one magnolia’s pink-hued petals. This \u003ci>Magnolia campbellii\u003c/i>, a native to Himalayan valleys, became the first of its kind to blossom in the U.S. back when the garden opened in the winter of 1940.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rarest tree of the bunch is the \u003ci>Magnolia zenii\u003c/i>, or the zen magnolia. Its flowers, snowy white with purple stripes, are smaller and more delicate than the others we passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only 18 individuals exist in the wild within one province in China, with no sign of regeneration,” Pierce said. “A lot of the garden’s magnolias are wild-collected. So they’re preserving a DNA of wild species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Botanical Garden and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926500/a-glimpse-into-the-future-of-northern-california-plantlife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other created havens\u003c/a> for flora play a critical role in protecting plants that are at risk of extinction due to climate change and deforestation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Botanical gardens, public gardens, are a key mechanism in making sure those plants don’t disappear from humanity,” said the San Francisco garden’s director, Matthew Stephens. “Because what the research suggests is that they probably won’t be wherever they’re growing now in 150 or 200 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967324\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967324\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Greenhouse-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the greenhouse, horticulturists raise plants from seeds or seedlings until they’re ready to move to the garden outside. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To protect threatened species, he says, the garden partners with greenhouses, nonprofits and governments from around the world. The hope is that preserving a population across a network of different gardens will act as insurance against the extinction of a species in decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The core function of the nursery is to be a pipeline for plants into the garden,” Stephens said. “Through our network of collaborators, new plants arrive at the garden all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethically sourced seeds and seedlings are reared in the greenhouse until they’re hardy enough for planting in the garden outside. Earlier this year, garden officials announced a nearly $7 million project for a new climate-controlled greenhouse and outdoor nursery to replace the current facility, which is more than 50 years old and was originally envisioned as a temporary structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a new modern nursery,” Stephens said, “it enables us to bring a more sophisticated approach to that new wave, new pipeline of plants for today, but also for future generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967326\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967326\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-800x508.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-1020x648.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai-768x488.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/New-Nursery-Rendering-Siegel-and-Strai.jpg 1489w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The garden has plans to break ground on a new climate-controlled greenhouse and outdoor plant nursery in 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>From High Altitude Cloud Forests to San Francisco Fog\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The successful conservation of rare flora in gardens like this often depends on how well the environment matches the plants’ wild conditions. A species that thrives in San Francisco, for instance, may not do well in \u003ca href=\"https://botanicalgarden.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley\u003c/a>, even though it’s just across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are blessed with this very cool, foggy, mild climate here in San Francisco,” said garden curator Ryan Guillou. “So we can grow a lot of things that most other gardens can’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, he says, these year-round conditions make the botanical garden a refuge for plants from the cool, high-elevation cloud forests of Africa and South America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillou says less than 1% of the world’s land surface has the right climate to support cloud forest flora, and with climate change, even that small number will decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their habitat is definitely shrinking because these plants can’t move fast enough up the mountain to stay cool and they’re disappearing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967298\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967298\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-800x608.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-800x608.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-1020x775.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-768x583.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-1536x1167.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-2048x1556.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Andean-Wax-Palm-1-1920x1459.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two towering specimens of Ceroxylon quindiuense, or Andean wax palm. Plants from the mountainous cloud forests of South America are under increasing threat from climate change. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A prominent feature of the garden’s Andean Cloud Forest collection are two side-by-side specimens of \u003ci>Ceroxylon quindiuense,\u003c/i> or the Andean wax palm. These towering trees grow at elevations higher than any palm species in the world. They’re also the tallest palm trees, growing up to 200 feet in the wild. The bark is chalky white with charcoal-colored rings extending up the trunk, impressions left by falling leaves as the tree grew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During my visit, I helped Guillou plant another palm species that came to the nursery as a seedling six years ago from the highlands of Colombia. The baby \u003ci>Ceroxylon alpinum\u003c/i>, or alpine wax palm, may look like an ordinary house plant now, but Guillou says over the next hundred years it will sprout up 60 feet, and its leaves will develop a glowing silvery sheen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These guys are actually one of the more endangered species of the \u003ci>Ceroxylon\u003c/i> group,\u003ci>” \u003c/i>Guillou said while covering the palm’s roots with soil. “It’s one of the classic examples of species that has to grow here. And if they go extinct in the wild, where else are they going to grow?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967302\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/alpine-palm-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Botanical Garden curator Ryan Guillou adds the ID tag to a newly planted endangered Alpine wax palm. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Coping With COVID-19\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-month coronavirus shutdown cost the Botanical Garden roughly a million dollars in revenue. The garden, which is managed jointly by the San Francisco Recreation and Park Department and the San Francisco Botanical Garden Society, laid off 25 staff (12 of whom were hired back upon reopening). Dozens of programs and special events had to be canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1967369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Magnolia-x-color-corrected-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Magnolia x veitchii flower blooms at the San Francisco Botanical Garden in February 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But despite the closure, Executive Director Stephanie Linder says plantings and other critical projects have continued, including preparations for the new greenhouse and nursery. Garden officials say plans to break ground on the project in 2021 are still on track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the garden now reopened to the public, Linder hopes it can be not only a refuge for plants, but for people who can connect with nature again after being trapped at home for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve known for quite some time that there is scientific evidence that time spent outdoors in nature boosts immunity, lowers stress hormones, lowers blood pressure, just gives people a sense of well-being, reflection,” Linder said. “And all of those things are needed now more than ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If recent attendance is any indication, Linder is right. The garden welcomed roughly 50,000 visitors in June, a 40 percent jump from last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967329\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/Map-1970s-768x467.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hand-illustrated map of the garden from the 1970s. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the SF Botanical Garden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Dials Back Plan to Require Uber, Lyft Go Electric",
"headTitle": "California Dials Back Plan to Require Uber, Lyft Go Electric | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California on Friday scaled back a proposal to mandate Lyft and Uber to use more electric vehicles on their platforms, with regulators acknowledging that demand for ride-hailing services has cratered during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board now wants to require that electric or zero-emission vehicles provide 60% of the miles driven on ride-service trips by 2030, agency staff \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/CMS%20Workshop%205_Public%20.pdf\">announced\u003c/a> during a livestreamed workshop Friday. That’s down from 70%-80%, the figure stipulated in early draft regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hopes requiring cleaner cars on ride-hailing platforms will spur innovation in electric vehicles and reduce the emissions of planet-warming gases in a small but rapidly growing part of the state’s transportation sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicles driving for Transportation Network Company, as companies like Lyft and Uber are called in California, represented about 1% of greenhouse gas emissions from small vehicles driving on state roads in 2018, according to \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CARB/bulletins/2959d74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CARB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lyft and Uber are weathering a storm of events that have ravaged their businesses: the coronavirus pandemic, the ensuing recession and people’s fear of riding in a car with a stranger while the coronavirus continues to rapidly spread in many communities across California and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators cited a projection that demand for Uber and Lyft rides won’t rebound to previous levels until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People driving for Lyft and Uber use newer and more efficient cars than are owned by the public at large, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Ride-Hailing%27s-Climate-Risks.pdf\">research\u003c/a> has shown that the average ride-hailing trip emits several times the amount of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the transportation it supplants, mostly because of all the miles driven between pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Substituting an electric vehicle for a conventional car or truck used in the ride-hailing business can achieve nearly three times the reduction in carbon emissions of an electric vehicle that replaces a private car, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-020-0632-7?proof=trueIn\">research\u003c/a> from UC Davis published in the journal \u003cem>Nature Energy\u003c/em>. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1966119/lyft-sets-target-for-electric-vehicles-ahead-of-a-clean-air-mandate\">said\u003c/a> it wants every vehicle on its platform to be electric by 2030, but critics \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@adam.winer/lyft-announcement-on-electrification-shows-why-consumers-need-stronger-state-standards-60c4074bb2bc\">point\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@adam.winer/lyft-announcement-on-electrification-shows-why-consumers-need-stronger-state-standards-60c4074bb2bc\">out\u003c/a> the goal is nonbinding, and Lyft’s leaders have been noncommittal about actually blocking gasoline-powered vehicles on its platform.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California on Friday scaled back a proposal to mandate Lyft and Uber to use more electric vehicles on their platforms, with regulators acknowledging that demand for ride-hailing services has cratered during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board now wants to require that electric or zero-emission vehicles provide 60% of the miles driven on ride-service trips by 2030, agency staff \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/CMS%20Workshop%205_Public%20.pdf\">announced\u003c/a> during a livestreamed workshop Friday. That’s down from 70%-80%, the figure stipulated in early draft regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hopes requiring cleaner cars on ride-hailing platforms will spur innovation in electric vehicles and reduce the emissions of planet-warming gases in a small but rapidly growing part of the state’s transportation sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicles driving for Transportation Network Company, as companies like Lyft and Uber are called in California, represented about 1% of greenhouse gas emissions from small vehicles driving on state roads in 2018, according to \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/CARB/bulletins/2959d74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CARB\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lyft and Uber are weathering a storm of events that have ravaged their businesses: the coronavirus pandemic, the ensuing recession and people’s fear of riding in a car with a stranger while the coronavirus continues to rapidly spread in many communities across California and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators cited a projection that demand for Uber and Lyft rides won’t rebound to previous levels until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People driving for Lyft and Uber use newer and more efficient cars than are owned by the public at large, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Ride-Hailing%27s-Climate-Risks.pdf\">research\u003c/a> has shown that the average ride-hailing trip emits several times the amount of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the transportation it supplants, mostly because of all the miles driven between pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Substituting an electric vehicle for a conventional car or truck used in the ride-hailing business can achieve nearly three times the reduction in carbon emissions of an electric vehicle that replaces a private car, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-020-0632-7?proof=trueIn\">research\u003c/a> from UC Davis published in the journal \u003cem>Nature Energy\u003c/em>. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1966119/lyft-sets-target-for-electric-vehicles-ahead-of-a-clean-air-mandate\">said\u003c/a> it wants every vehicle on its platform to be electric by 2030, but critics \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@adam.winer/lyft-announcement-on-electrification-shows-why-consumers-need-stronger-state-standards-60c4074bb2bc\">point\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@adam.winer/lyft-announcement-on-electrification-shows-why-consumers-need-stronger-state-standards-60c4074bb2bc\">out\u003c/a> the goal is nonbinding, and Lyft’s leaders have been noncommittal about actually blocking gasoline-powered vehicles on its platform.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Biden Climate Change Plan Calls for Carbon-Free Energy by 2035",
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"content": "\u003cp>Joe Biden released a plan Tuesday aimed at combating climate change and spurring economic growth in part by overhauling America’s energy industry, with a proposal to achieve entirely carbon pollution-free power by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presumptive Democratic presidential nominee will discuss the proposal later Tuesday near his home in Wilmington, Delaware. It marks his latest effort to build out a legislative agenda with measures that could animate progressives who may be skeptical of Biden, who waged a more centrist campaign during the Democratic primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan reflects ideas embraced by some of Biden’s more progressive allies during the primary, like Jay Inslee, whose campaign centered on the issue of climate change. The Washington governor first proposed achieving entirely carbon-free electricity by 2035. But it doesn’t go as far as the Green New Deal, the sweeping proposal from progressives in Congress that calls for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions across the economy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan does align with a climate bill spearheaded by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi in reducing emissions to zero by 2050, however. And it goes farther than that bill on achieving a carbon-neutral power sector. House Democrats’ proposal sets a 2040 deadline for that goal, while Biden’s aims to achieve it five years faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the plan, Biden pledges to spend $2 trillion over four years to promote his energy proposals, a significant acceleration of the $1.7 trillion over 10 years he proposed spending in his climate plan during the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal doesn’t include specifics on how it would be paid for. Senior campaign officials who requested anonymity to discuss strategy said it would require a mix of tax increases on corporations and the wealthy and deficit spending aimed at stimulating the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike several of his Democratic rivals in the primary, Biden makes no mention of banning dirtier-burning coal or prohibiting fracking, a method of extracting oil and gas that triggered a natural gas boom in the United States over the last decade. The issue is politically sensitive in some key battleground states such as Pennsylvania, and during the primary Biden limited his opposition to new fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s new plan instead describes an easing out of burning of oil and gas and coal, through more efficient vehicles and public transport and buildings and power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of an all-out ban on climate-damaging fossil fuels, he talks about carbon capture technologies to catch coal and petroleum pollution from power plant smokestacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also embraces nuclear power, unlike some other Democratic opponents earlier. He calls for pumping up research on still-developing power technologies like hydrogen power and grid-size storage to stash power from solar and wind, overcoming a key drawback of those carbon-free energy sources now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Democratic rivals found themselves targeted by ad campaigns from the petroleum industry after calling for aggressive ramp downs of fossil fuel use. Biden avoids even mentioning fossil fuels in his plan, referring simply to “clean energy” from alternate or cleaned-up sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan places a heavy emphasis on updating America’s infrastructure, and includes investments in improving energy efficiency in buildings and housing as well as promoting production of electric vehicles and conservation efforts in the agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also includes a portion focused on environmental justice, including a requirement that 40% of the money he wants to spend on clean energy deployment, reduction of legacy pollution and other investments, will go to historically disadvantaged communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump campaign surrogates on Tuesday described Biden’s energy plan as a waste of taxpayer money and sought to compare it to the Obama administration’s clean energy loan guarantee program created as part of the 2009 stimulus effort to bolster an economy reeling from the Great Recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies that benefited from that program, including solar panel manufacturer Solyndra, which won a $528 million taxpayer-backed loan guarantee, collapsed after receiving federal subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is Solyndra on steroids,” said Republican House Minority Whip Steve Scalise, in a call with reporters organized by the Trump campaign about the Biden energy plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe Biden has been here before, you can see his track record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Monday evening fundraising call with renewable energy executives, Biden pledged to make an irreversible impact on the nation’s efforts to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“God willing I win and even if I serve eight years, I want to make sure we put down such a marker that it’s impossible for the next president to turn it around,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior campaign officials said Tuesday morning that the plan includes planks that could be achieved by executive action, and others that would require legislation. The officials, who requested anonymity to discuss the campaign’s thinking, said many of the energy measures would be included in the first stimulus package Biden plans to bring to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would likely face steep opposition from elected Republicans. Democrats need to pick up at least three seats to take back the Senate, and Biden has pledged to campaign hard to help Democrats win back control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he argued during his Monday evening fundraiser that the current “historic set of crises — a pandemic, an economic crisis and systemic racism” would make it “easier” to pass major reforms like his climate plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, Biden said, “is the existential threat to humanity, and it is real. It is real. And it is urgent, and the public is becoming aware of it. And it may be the very answer to get us out of this economic situation we’re in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Aamer Madhani contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Joe Biden released a plan Tuesday aimed at combating climate change and spurring economic growth in part by overhauling America’s energy industry, with a proposal to achieve entirely carbon pollution-free power by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presumptive Democratic presidential nominee will discuss the proposal later Tuesday near his home in Wilmington, Delaware. It marks his latest effort to build out a legislative agenda with measures that could animate progressives who may be skeptical of Biden, who waged a more centrist campaign during the Democratic primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan reflects ideas embraced by some of Biden’s more progressive allies during the primary, like Jay Inslee, whose campaign centered on the issue of climate change. The Washington governor first proposed achieving entirely carbon-free electricity by 2035. But it doesn’t go as far as the Green New Deal, the sweeping proposal from progressives in Congress that calls for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions across the economy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan does align with a climate bill spearheaded by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi in reducing emissions to zero by 2050, however. And it goes farther than that bill on achieving a carbon-neutral power sector. House Democrats’ proposal sets a 2040 deadline for that goal, while Biden’s aims to achieve it five years faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the plan, Biden pledges to spend $2 trillion over four years to promote his energy proposals, a significant acceleration of the $1.7 trillion over 10 years he proposed spending in his climate plan during the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal doesn’t include specifics on how it would be paid for. Senior campaign officials who requested anonymity to discuss strategy said it would require a mix of tax increases on corporations and the wealthy and deficit spending aimed at stimulating the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike several of his Democratic rivals in the primary, Biden makes no mention of banning dirtier-burning coal or prohibiting fracking, a method of extracting oil and gas that triggered a natural gas boom in the United States over the last decade. The issue is politically sensitive in some key battleground states such as Pennsylvania, and during the primary Biden limited his opposition to new fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s new plan instead describes an easing out of burning of oil and gas and coal, through more efficient vehicles and public transport and buildings and power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of an all-out ban on climate-damaging fossil fuels, he talks about carbon capture technologies to catch coal and petroleum pollution from power plant smokestacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also embraces nuclear power, unlike some other Democratic opponents earlier. He calls for pumping up research on still-developing power technologies like hydrogen power and grid-size storage to stash power from solar and wind, overcoming a key drawback of those carbon-free energy sources now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Democratic rivals found themselves targeted by ad campaigns from the petroleum industry after calling for aggressive ramp downs of fossil fuel use. Biden avoids even mentioning fossil fuels in his plan, referring simply to “clean energy” from alternate or cleaned-up sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan places a heavy emphasis on updating America’s infrastructure, and includes investments in improving energy efficiency in buildings and housing as well as promoting production of electric vehicles and conservation efforts in the agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also includes a portion focused on environmental justice, including a requirement that 40% of the money he wants to spend on clean energy deployment, reduction of legacy pollution and other investments, will go to historically disadvantaged communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump campaign surrogates on Tuesday described Biden’s energy plan as a waste of taxpayer money and sought to compare it to the Obama administration’s clean energy loan guarantee program created as part of the 2009 stimulus effort to bolster an economy reeling from the Great Recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies that benefited from that program, including solar panel manufacturer Solyndra, which won a $528 million taxpayer-backed loan guarantee, collapsed after receiving federal subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is Solyndra on steroids,” said Republican House Minority Whip Steve Scalise, in a call with reporters organized by the Trump campaign about the Biden energy plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe Biden has been here before, you can see his track record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Monday evening fundraising call with renewable energy executives, Biden pledged to make an irreversible impact on the nation’s efforts to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“God willing I win and even if I serve eight years, I want to make sure we put down such a marker that it’s impossible for the next president to turn it around,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior campaign officials said Tuesday morning that the plan includes planks that could be achieved by executive action, and others that would require legislation. The officials, who requested anonymity to discuss the campaign’s thinking, said many of the energy measures would be included in the first stimulus package Biden plans to bring to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would likely face steep opposition from elected Republicans. Democrats need to pick up at least three seats to take back the Senate, and Biden has pledged to campaign hard to help Democrats win back control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he argued during his Monday evening fundraiser that the current “historic set of crises — a pandemic, an economic crisis and systemic racism” would make it “easier” to pass major reforms like his climate plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, Biden said, “is the existential threat to humanity, and it is real. It is real. And it is urgent, and the public is becoming aware of it. And it may be the very answer to get us out of this economic situation we’re in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Aamer Madhani contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Modest Fish at the Center of the Mighty Colorado River Water Rights Battle",
"headTitle": "The Modest Fish at the Center of the Mighty Colorado River Water Rights Battle | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charismatic is hardly the best word to describe the humpback chub, a fish with a frowny eel face jammed onto a sportfish body in a way that suggests evolution has a sense of humor. Nor did tastiness build a fan base for this “trash fish” across its natural habitat throughout the Colorado River Basin. But, in 1973, the humpback chub became famous by winning federal protection under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/general-information/the-fish/humpback-chub.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers in the Grand Canyon now spend weeks at a time, several times a year, monitoring humpback chub, which has become central to an ecosystem science program with implications for millions of Westerners who rely on Colorado River water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dennis Harris, who guides an electrofishing boat for a research contractor, is part of the science crew that briefed me last year at the world’s largest known humpback chub hangout, just below the confluence of the Little Colorado River with the Colorado in Arizona. He spun a yarn about what fish say upon their return to home waters — how they survived an alien abduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They scooped me up in a net and took me to the Mother Ship and stuck me with a piece of glass and brought me back here,'” Harris said, throwing his head back and splaying his arms to imitate fish stunned by the electric current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967000 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChubColoradoRiver.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChubColoradoRiver.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChubColoradoRiver-160x163.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And all their friends go, ‘Yeah, right.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funny as that sounds, the humpback chub’s experience is surprisingly meaningful now, as its river habitat deep in the iconic, redrock canyon becomes the subject of new scrutiny. New negotiations about the Colorado’s future begin later this year in a world that has fundamentally changed since foundational water agreements were drawn up, back when the river was flush and the entire basin was treated like a giant network of irrigation ditches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now, nearly a century after the original Colorado River Compact was forged, river stakeholders also find themselves in alien terrain as they try to reconcile an old management scheme with new realities, such as tribal rights, environmental protection and, especially, climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Pie is Getting Smaller’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">About 40 million people in seven states and Mexico rely on the Colorado River for irrigation, drinking and even hydropower. Most of the water is used in agriculture to irrigate more than 5.5 million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meanwhile, the Colorado is shrinking. Average river flows have dropped \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016WR019638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">19% \u003c/a>over the last century. About half of the decline is blamed on global warming, and scientists project that unchecked climate change could nearly triple flow reductions by the century’s end. Meanwhile, basin tribes want to tap into allocations they haven’t been able to use because they lack means to store and pipe the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">And thanks to research mandated by the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act, the fate of the chub and the canyon ecology are factors that will also need to be considered in the yet-to-be-scheduled negotiations. Ultimately, everyone’s worried about losing their share of the Colorado River, of going home with partly empty buckets because there’s just not enough water to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The pie is getting smaller,” said Jack Schmidt, director of Utah State University’s \u003ca href=\"https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Colorado River Studies\u003c/a>, noting that more users sharing less water increases pressure to revamp water agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">To understand what he means, here’s a quick primer on Colorado River allocations beginning with the term “acre feet.” It’s roughly the water needed to fill a football field a foot deep or about 326,000 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under original agreements, including the Colorado River Compact, Schmidt’s “pie” amounted to 17.5 million acre feet of water, which has proven to be an overestimation of “average” flows because the calculation was made when the river was unusually full. So over the last two decades, thanks in part to climate change and drought, the size of that pie has shrunk to an average annual flow of about 12.5 million acre feet. In short, the pie is about one-third smaller on average than when water users divvied up the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“People have to come to terms with the fact that they can’t keep the size of that [accustomed] slice when the whole pie is getting smaller,” said Schmidt.\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967001 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinDrought.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinDrought.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinDrought-160x248.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having once led the humpback chub “alien abductions” and the rest of the scientific program at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Schmidt is now studying how climate change might affect not just the endangered fish species and the basin environment overall, but also traditional river flows and hydropower output. And, although he says environmental concerns in the canyon typically have been “an afterthought” in how the river is managed, he hopes the research becomes central during upcoming negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Opportunities to tinker with river management plans are coming up fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Rights: A Dramatic Struggle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Interior Department must begin updating plans for managing the river, and convene all the states that rely on it, by the end of the year under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/strategies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colorado River Interim Guidelines\u003c/a>, one of the agreements that determine how much water is allocated for each stakeholder to use or develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like everything about Colorado River management, it’s legally complex and controlled by a deeply entrenched power structure involving the seven basin states, the federal Bureau of Reclamation, and established users in agriculture and municipalities that have assigned positions in the line to the spigot — spots known as “water rights.” Dry as it might sound, it’s dramatic stuff, grist for a neo-noir thriller like the 1974 film, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/chinatown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinatown\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But even the guidelines, which were implemented in 2007, have fallen short in the new, drier West. Last year, Congress approved a pair of \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/dcp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Drought Contingency Plans\u003c/a>, requiring varying levels of conservation to be implemented, state-by-state, whenever water levels sank too low at Lake Powell or Lake Mead, the ginormous storage reservoirs for Colorado River water. Both lakes dropped to emergency levels within months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The original compact guarantees certain water volumes to the lower basin states — Arizona, Nevada and California. The upper basin states — Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico — historically haven’t used all of their allocations, but plan to develop theirs, too. For example, Utah is pressing forward with a \u003ca href=\"https://lpputah.org/?utm_source=Online&utm_medium=Google%20AdWords&utm_campaign=LPP2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">multibillion-dollar project\u003c/a> to pipe 86,000 acre feet halfway across the state to the fast-growing southwestern part of the state. A diversion of water from the Utah-Wyoming border to Colorado’s populous Front Range — killed and resurrected so many times it’s called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.greeleytribune.com/2019/01/06/a-zombie-pipeline-rises-from-the-dead-in-effort-to-bring-more-water-to-front-range/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“zombie pipeline” \u003c/a>— would use 55,000 acre feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, Schmidt said: “I am actually very hopeful. I believe that climate change and the real need to renegotiate agreements have brought us together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The role of global warming as a motivator for revisiting the water allocations probably can’t be overstated. The average temperature in the Southwest has already risen twice as fast as the global average and future temperatures are projected to increase as much as \u003ca href=\"https://source.colostate.edu/climate-change-shrinking-colorado-river/\">9.5 degrees\u003c/a> Fahrenheit by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change is just one reason Daryl Vigil, water director for the Jicarilla Apache Nation and interim director of the Ten Tribes Partnership, is determined to see tribes \u003ca href=\"https://indiancountrytoday.com/opinion/water-is-life-it-s-time-5Qzqa2pSRku-hfrYiYjEDg\">at the table\u003c/a> in the next round of negotiations. He says the 29 basin tribes have priority rights to about 20 percent of the Colorado River’s water, but were snubbed by current users from past Colorado River talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1966999 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinTribes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"723\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinTribes.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinTribes-160x219.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">“The system is going to protect itself, to perpetuate what it already does because it benefits those who already are doing OK” he said. “Familiar story, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The exclusion, which amounts to environmental racism, means tens of thousands of indigenous people have not been able to access their water and tap into the associated economic opportunities, such as selling their water rights and using the water for energy projects, he said. Instead, other stakeholders are using tribal water without paying for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another reason the tribes should be part of the decision making, he said, is because of their experience — thousands of years of dealing with water scarcity in the region — and their cultural views about the environment belong in any critical conversations about the Colorado. Otherwise the future looks “pretty catastrophic to us,” Vigil told High Country News this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“When we start talking about climate change,” he said, “absolutely pushing to make sure that we’re thinking about a mindset of how we fit into nature, rather than nature fitting into us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humpback Chub Science Informs Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The humpback chub helps illustrate Vigil’s point that water is living, that the river basin is more than a plumbing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preserving the chub’s DNA — and data about what’s enabled the fish to survive 3 million to 5 million years of life in the basin — did not become a priority until the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act. Experimental releases at Glen Canyon Dam, studies about predation, water chemistry, temperature changes and insects have helped revive populations, and now the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing to \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/01/22/2020-00512/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-reclassification-of-the-humpback-chub-from-endangered\">downlist\u003c/a> the humpback chub from endangered to threatened status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Geological Survey’s Grand Canyon Research and Monitoring Center, directed by Scott VanderKooi, has led efforts to monitor environmental balance while dam operations continue to generate energy and regulate reservoir levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the pandemic prompted the closure of the river to boating this spring, several scientific trips had to be scrapped or postponed, he explained. They included cultural resource monitoring, the juvenile humpback chub “abductions” and an important three-year test of ways to boost insect life along the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“For short-term changes, we’re missing some data,” VanderKooi said. “But for looking at these longer-term trends, we’re confident that we’ll have enough information to determine whether or not the experiment was successful and whether we were able to instigate those changes in the aquatic ecosystem that we believe will occur by altering these flows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Fleck described a long history of ignoring science in managing basin water in the recent book, “Science Be Dammed: How Ignoring Inconvenient Science Drained the Colorado River,” co-authored with Eric Kuhn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967002\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 924px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"924\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0.png 924w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0-800x307.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0-160x61.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0-768x295.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Populations of humpback chub have stabilized in the Colorado River Basin, and earlier this year the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed changing the legal status from “endangered” to “threatened.” The fate of this species is tied to operations of the Glen Canyon Dam which irrigates 5.5 million acres of farmland and provides water to around 40 million people. \u003ccite>(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re in the midst of this huge experiment that’s really open-ended in terms of how we manage this river going forward, and we need all of this science to inform it,” he said. “You can’t just … say, ‘Well, we’re going to ignore that piece,’ because you’re going to have these unintended consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fleck said the people deciding the basin’s fate need information about the trade-offs. And data from Grand Canyon research will help them understand not only how to preserve a “sacred space” in American culture but also how to continue relying on a resource essential to the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s hard to imagine that those funny-faced fish have much to teach us. But, in a sense, they already have. Those “alien abductions” of humpback chub deep in the redrock canyon have generated scientific understanding that we’ve used to slow the species’ slide toward extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The chub’s story shows how probing natural systems on a small scale can lead to workable solutions. Now the question is whether that lesson will be scaled up and how well the next Colorado River management plan takes climate into account. In the end, research can only bring focus to the Colorado’s real-world questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Data alone won’t decide the river’s future. Only people can do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/icn-weekly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cem>This story is part of a project covering the Colorado River basin and water in the West, and was produced by InsideClimate News in collaboration with public radio station KUNC.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Why the frowny, eel-faced \"trash fish\" is at the heart of upcoming water rights negotiations.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charismatic is hardly the best word to describe the humpback chub, a fish with a frowny eel face jammed onto a sportfish body in a way that suggests evolution has a sense of humor. Nor did tastiness build a fan base for this “trash fish” across its natural habitat throughout the Colorado River Basin. But, in 1973, the humpback chub became famous by winning federal protection under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.coloradoriverrecovery.org/general-information/the-fish/humpback-chub.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers in the Grand Canyon now spend weeks at a time, several times a year, monitoring humpback chub, which has become central to an ecosystem science program with implications for millions of Westerners who rely on Colorado River water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dennis Harris, who guides an electrofishing boat for a research contractor, is part of the science crew that briefed me last year at the world’s largest known humpback chub hangout, just below the confluence of the Little Colorado River with the Colorado in Arizona. He spun a yarn about what fish say upon their return to home waters — how they survived an alien abduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They scooped me up in a net and took me to the Mother Ship and stuck me with a piece of glass and brought me back here,'” Harris said, throwing his head back and splaying his arms to imitate fish stunned by the electric current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967000 alignnone\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChubColoradoRiver.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChubColoradoRiver.png 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChubColoradoRiver-160x163.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And all their friends go, ‘Yeah, right.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funny as that sounds, the humpback chub’s experience is surprisingly meaningful now, as its river habitat deep in the iconic, redrock canyon becomes the subject of new scrutiny. New negotiations about the Colorado’s future begin later this year in a world that has fundamentally changed since foundational water agreements were drawn up, back when the river was flush and the entire basin was treated like a giant network of irrigation ditches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now, nearly a century after the original Colorado River Compact was forged, river stakeholders also find themselves in alien terrain as they try to reconcile an old management scheme with new realities, such as tribal rights, environmental protection and, especially, climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Pie is Getting Smaller’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">About 40 million people in seven states and Mexico rely on the Colorado River for irrigation, drinking and even hydropower. Most of the water is used in agriculture to irrigate more than 5.5 million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meanwhile, the Colorado is shrinking. Average river flows have dropped \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016WR019638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">19% \u003c/a>over the last century. About half of the decline is blamed on global warming, and scientists project that unchecked climate change could nearly triple flow reductions by the century’s end. Meanwhile, basin tribes want to tap into allocations they haven’t been able to use because they lack means to store and pipe the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">And thanks to research mandated by the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act, the fate of the chub and the canyon ecology are factors that will also need to be considered in the yet-to-be-scheduled negotiations. Ultimately, everyone’s worried about losing their share of the Colorado River, of going home with partly empty buckets because there’s just not enough water to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The pie is getting smaller,” said Jack Schmidt, director of Utah State University’s \u003ca href=\"https://qcnr.usu.edu/coloradoriver/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Colorado River Studies\u003c/a>, noting that more users sharing less water increases pressure to revamp water agreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">To understand what he means, here’s a quick primer on Colorado River allocations beginning with the term “acre feet.” It’s roughly the water needed to fill a football field a foot deep or about 326,000 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under original agreements, including the Colorado River Compact, Schmidt’s “pie” amounted to 17.5 million acre feet of water, which has proven to be an overestimation of “average” flows because the calculation was made when the river was unusually full. So over the last two decades, thanks in part to climate change and drought, the size of that pie has shrunk to an average annual flow of about 12.5 million acre feet. In short, the pie is about one-third smaller on average than when water users divvied up the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“People have to come to terms with the fact that they can’t keep the size of that [accustomed] slice when the whole pie is getting smaller,” said Schmidt.\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967001 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinDrought.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinDrought.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinDrought-160x248.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having once led the humpback chub “alien abductions” and the rest of the scientific program at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, Schmidt is now studying how climate change might affect not just the endangered fish species and the basin environment overall, but also traditional river flows and hydropower output. And, although he says environmental concerns in the canyon typically have been “an afterthought” in how the river is managed, he hopes the research becomes central during upcoming negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Opportunities to tinker with river management plans are coming up fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Rights: A Dramatic Struggle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Interior Department must begin updating plans for managing the river, and convene all the states that rely on it, by the end of the year under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/strategies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colorado River Interim Guidelines\u003c/a>, one of the agreements that determine how much water is allocated for each stakeholder to use or develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like everything about Colorado River management, it’s legally complex and controlled by a deeply entrenched power structure involving the seven basin states, the federal Bureau of Reclamation, and established users in agriculture and municipalities that have assigned positions in the line to the spigot — spots known as “water rights.” Dry as it might sound, it’s dramatic stuff, grist for a neo-noir thriller like the 1974 film, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/chinatown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinatown\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But even the guidelines, which were implemented in 2007, have fallen short in the new, drier West. Last year, Congress approved a pair of \u003ca href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/dcp/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Drought Contingency Plans\u003c/a>, requiring varying levels of conservation to be implemented, state-by-state, whenever water levels sank too low at Lake Powell or Lake Mead, the ginormous storage reservoirs for Colorado River water. Both lakes dropped to emergency levels within months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The original compact guarantees certain water volumes to the lower basin states — Arizona, Nevada and California. The upper basin states — Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico — historically haven’t used all of their allocations, but plan to develop theirs, too. For example, Utah is pressing forward with a \u003ca href=\"https://lpputah.org/?utm_source=Online&utm_medium=Google%20AdWords&utm_campaign=LPP2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">multibillion-dollar project\u003c/a> to pipe 86,000 acre feet halfway across the state to the fast-growing southwestern part of the state. A diversion of water from the Utah-Wyoming border to Colorado’s populous Front Range — killed and resurrected so many times it’s called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.greeleytribune.com/2019/01/06/a-zombie-pipeline-rises-from-the-dead-in-effort-to-bring-more-water-to-front-range/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“zombie pipeline” \u003c/a>— would use 55,000 acre feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, Schmidt said: “I am actually very hopeful. I believe that climate change and the real need to renegotiate agreements have brought us together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The role of global warming as a motivator for revisiting the water allocations probably can’t be overstated. The average temperature in the Southwest has already risen twice as fast as the global average and future temperatures are projected to increase as much as \u003ca href=\"https://source.colostate.edu/climate-change-shrinking-colorado-river/\">9.5 degrees\u003c/a> Fahrenheit by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change is just one reason Daryl Vigil, water director for the Jicarilla Apache Nation and interim director of the Ten Tribes Partnership, is determined to see tribes \u003ca href=\"https://indiancountrytoday.com/opinion/water-is-life-it-s-time-5Qzqa2pSRku-hfrYiYjEDg\">at the table\u003c/a> in the next round of negotiations. He says the 29 basin tribes have priority rights to about 20 percent of the Colorado River’s water, but were snubbed by current users from past Colorado River talks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1966999 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinTribes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"723\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinTribes.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/ColoradoRiverBasinTribes-160x219.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">“The system is going to protect itself, to perpetuate what it already does because it benefits those who already are doing OK” he said. “Familiar story, right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The exclusion, which amounts to environmental racism, means tens of thousands of indigenous people have not been able to access their water and tap into the associated economic opportunities, such as selling their water rights and using the water for energy projects, he said. Instead, other stakeholders are using tribal water without paying for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another reason the tribes should be part of the decision making, he said, is because of their experience — thousands of years of dealing with water scarcity in the region — and their cultural views about the environment belong in any critical conversations about the Colorado. Otherwise the future looks “pretty catastrophic to us,” Vigil told High Country News this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“When we start talking about climate change,” he said, “absolutely pushing to make sure that we’re thinking about a mindset of how we fit into nature, rather than nature fitting into us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Humpback Chub Science Informs Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The humpback chub helps illustrate Vigil’s point that water is living, that the river basin is more than a plumbing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preserving the chub’s DNA — and data about what’s enabled the fish to survive 3 million to 5 million years of life in the basin — did not become a priority until the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act. Experimental releases at Glen Canyon Dam, studies about predation, water chemistry, temperature changes and insects have helped revive populations, and now the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing to \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/01/22/2020-00512/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-reclassification-of-the-humpback-chub-from-endangered\">downlist\u003c/a> the humpback chub from endangered to threatened status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Geological Survey’s Grand Canyon Research and Monitoring Center, directed by Scott VanderKooi, has led efforts to monitor environmental balance while dam operations continue to generate energy and regulate reservoir levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the pandemic prompted the closure of the river to boating this spring, several scientific trips had to be scrapped or postponed, he explained. They included cultural resource monitoring, the juvenile humpback chub “abductions” and an important three-year test of ways to boost insect life along the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“For short-term changes, we’re missing some data,” VanderKooi said. “But for looking at these longer-term trends, we’re confident that we’ll have enough information to determine whether or not the experiment was successful and whether we were able to instigate those changes in the aquatic ecosystem that we believe will occur by altering these flows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Fleck described a long history of ignoring science in managing basin water in the recent book, “Science Be Dammed: How Ignoring Inconvenient Science Drained the Colorado River,” co-authored with Eric Kuhn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1967002\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 924px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1967002\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"924\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0.png 924w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0-800x307.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0-160x61.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/07/HumpbackChub.USFWS__0-768x295.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Populations of humpback chub have stabilized in the Colorado River Basin, and earlier this year the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed changing the legal status from “endangered” to “threatened.” The fate of this species is tied to operations of the Glen Canyon Dam which irrigates 5.5 million acres of farmland and provides water to around 40 million people. \u003ccite>(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re in the midst of this huge experiment that’s really open-ended in terms of how we manage this river going forward, and we need all of this science to inform it,” he said. “You can’t just … say, ‘Well, we’re going to ignore that piece,’ because you’re going to have these unintended consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fleck said the people deciding the basin’s fate need information about the trade-offs. And data from Grand Canyon research will help them understand not only how to preserve a “sacred space” in American culture but also how to continue relying on a resource essential to the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s hard to imagine that those funny-faced fish have much to teach us. But, in a sense, they already have. Those “alien abductions” of humpback chub deep in the redrock canyon have generated scientific understanding that we’ve used to slow the species’ slide toward extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The chub’s story shows how probing natural systems on a small scale can lead to workable solutions. Now the question is whether that lesson will be scaled up and how well the next Colorado River management plan takes climate into account. In the end, research can only bring focus to the Colorado’s real-world questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Data alone won’t decide the river’s future. Only people can do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/icn-weekly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cem>This story is part of a project covering the Colorado River basin and water in the West, and was produced by InsideClimate News in collaboration with public radio station KUNC.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">House Democrats unveiled a sweeping plan for climate action last week that embraces much of the ambition of the Green New Deal, while avoiding the use of the name and steering clear of calls for abrupt bans on fossil fuel development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' citation='U.S. Rep. Kathy Castor, D-Fla.']‘To the young people who have urged us to act fearlessly, we have heard you.’[/pullquote]Instead, the package of more than 120 pieces of legislation seeks to drive a transition to net zero carbon emissions by 2050, achieved by reaching into every corner of the U.S. economy with new investments, standards and incentives favoring clean energy, jobs creation, lands protection and environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report drew criticism both from those who want to see a more rapid retreat from fossil fuels, and those who think the Democrats should have sought more common ground with the GOP. While the plan has no chance of coming to fruition in the current Congress, its endorsement by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and moderate Democrats sets a marker for what is possible if the Democrats gain control of the government next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“To the young people who have urged us to act fearlessly, we have heard you,” said U.S. Rep. Kathy Castor, D-Fla., chair of the House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis, who led development of the 500-page report by the panel’s Democrats. Castor and panel member Rep. A. Donald McEachin, D-Va., are both members of a task force appointed by former Vice President Joe Biden, the Democrats’ presumed presidential nominee, to advise him and party platform writers on climate policy this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an indication of how far the Democratic Party’s center of gravity on climate has moved in two years, the report won some praise from the youth-led Sunrise Movement, which had been critical of Pelosi and skeptical that Castor’s committee would have sufficient power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The plan is “a real sign that young people are changing politics in this country and the establishment is scrambling to catch up,” said Lauren Maunus, Sunrise’s legislative manager, in a prepared statement. “This plan is more ambitious than anything we have seen from Democratic leadership so far, but it still needs to go further to match the full scale of the crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although Sunrise didn’t get into specifics, other groups on the left said they would have liked to see a ban on fracking, a ban on exports and imports of fossil fuels, and an immediate halt to new fossil fuel infrastructure such as pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This climate proposal inexplicably and inexcusably fails to call for a halt to the extraction of fossil fuels,” said Mitch Jones, policy director of Food & Water Action. “It is simply not an adequate attempt to deal with the crisis we actually face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The road map, which draws on information gathered in more than 100 hearings by Castor’s panel and other House committees, calls for all cars sold in the U.S. to be electric by 2035 and electricity to be net-zero emissions by 2040. The plan calls for massive jobs programs, including a Civilian Conservation Corps, investments in infrastructure and the cleanup of abandoned mines, as well as tax credits to spur more manufacturing of clean energy components domestically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attention to the disproportionate effects of climate change and environmental hazards on minority communities is an underlying theme of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The plan would aim a surge of environmental enforcement actions at overburdened communities of color. It would also include enactment of a clean and efficient energy overhaul of the nation’s public housing, a $180 billion, 10-year program introduced in Congress late last year by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., the avatar of the Green New Deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report calls for a price on carbon, but asserts that carbon pricings would be insufficient on its own. “Carbon pricing is not a silver bullet,” the report said. The report said that low- and moderate-income communities would need to benefit from any carbon pricing policy, and that a carbon market should be paired with policy to “achieve measurable air pollution reductions from facilities located in environmental justice (EJ) communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">House Democrats also made clear their opposition to political trade-offs that would weaken the hand of those coping with the fallout of global warming damages. For example, the report said Congress should not give liability protection to fossil fuel companies in return for their support of a climate bill. That issue is especially salient nationally, with more than 20 lawsuits underway by state and local governments and others over climate damages, including \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24062020/minnesota-climate-change-lawsuit-exxon-mobil-api-koch-industries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">actions filed in the past week\u003c/a> by Minnesota and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some critics took aim at the Democrats for putting out a report that no Republican members of the committee had signed onto. Rich Powell, executive director of ClearPath Action, a group that is supportive of nuclear energy, carbon capture investments, and other climate action ideas that could win Republican support, said the House majority missed an opportunity for bipartisanship. Powell said the report was “effectively a rewrite of the Green New Deal, leading us further away from real, practical solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Castor said that she believed that many of the ideas in the report — including investments in next-generation nuclear technology and carbon removal technology — would have GOP support. But, she said she expected that the Republican members of the climate committee would be producing their own report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It would make it a lot easier to make bipartisan progress if our Republican colleagues would accept the imperative of breaking from fossil fuels,” added Rep. Jared Huffman, D-Calif., another committee member. “There continues to be a bit of a disconnect here, where they say that they are ready to talk about climate, but the ideas they put on the table revolve around fossil fuel, and the science is quite clear, we’ve got to make a dramatic break from fossil fuel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another committee member, Rep. Sean Casten, D-Ill., a former energy efficiency entrepreneur and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12112018/election-congress-climate-change-environment-activists-osasio-cortez-casten-tlaib-escobar-levin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of several scientists who won office in 2018\u003c/a>, said he believes that bipartisanship should not be the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What we set out to do was to solve the problem as is scientifically necessary,” he said. “It is tragic that the answer to that question is not synonymous with what can be done on a bipartisan basis. But our kids, our grandkids do not give a damn about whether it was bipartisan. They care about whether we gave them a planet that is habitable.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">House Democrats unveiled a sweeping plan for climate action last week that embraces much of the ambition of the Green New Deal, while avoiding the use of the name and steering clear of calls for abrupt bans on fossil fuel development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Instead, the package of more than 120 pieces of legislation seeks to drive a transition to net zero carbon emissions by 2050, achieved by reaching into every corner of the U.S. economy with new investments, standards and incentives favoring clean energy, jobs creation, lands protection and environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report drew criticism both from those who want to see a more rapid retreat from fossil fuels, and those who think the Democrats should have sought more common ground with the GOP. While the plan has no chance of coming to fruition in the current Congress, its endorsement by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and moderate Democrats sets a marker for what is possible if the Democrats gain control of the government next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“To the young people who have urged us to act fearlessly, we have heard you,” said U.S. Rep. Kathy Castor, D-Fla., chair of the House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis, who led development of the 500-page report by the panel’s Democrats. Castor and panel member Rep. A. Donald McEachin, D-Va., are both members of a task force appointed by former Vice President Joe Biden, the Democrats’ presumed presidential nominee, to advise him and party platform writers on climate policy this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an indication of how far the Democratic Party’s center of gravity on climate has moved in two years, the report won some praise from the youth-led Sunrise Movement, which had been critical of Pelosi and skeptical that Castor’s committee would have sufficient power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The plan is “a real sign that young people are changing politics in this country and the establishment is scrambling to catch up,” said Lauren Maunus, Sunrise’s legislative manager, in a prepared statement. “This plan is more ambitious than anything we have seen from Democratic leadership so far, but it still needs to go further to match the full scale of the crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although Sunrise didn’t get into specifics, other groups on the left said they would have liked to see a ban on fracking, a ban on exports and imports of fossil fuels, and an immediate halt to new fossil fuel infrastructure such as pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This climate proposal inexplicably and inexcusably fails to call for a halt to the extraction of fossil fuels,” said Mitch Jones, policy director of Food & Water Action. “It is simply not an adequate attempt to deal with the crisis we actually face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The road map, which draws on information gathered in more than 100 hearings by Castor’s panel and other House committees, calls for all cars sold in the U.S. to be electric by 2035 and electricity to be net-zero emissions by 2040. The plan calls for massive jobs programs, including a Civilian Conservation Corps, investments in infrastructure and the cleanup of abandoned mines, as well as tax credits to spur more manufacturing of clean energy components domestically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attention to the disproportionate effects of climate change and environmental hazards on minority communities is an underlying theme of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The plan would aim a surge of environmental enforcement actions at overburdened communities of color. It would also include enactment of a clean and efficient energy overhaul of the nation’s public housing, a $180 billion, 10-year program introduced in Congress late last year by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., the avatar of the Green New Deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report calls for a price on carbon, but asserts that carbon pricings would be insufficient on its own. “Carbon pricing is not a silver bullet,” the report said. The report said that low- and moderate-income communities would need to benefit from any carbon pricing policy, and that a carbon market should be paired with policy to “achieve measurable air pollution reductions from facilities located in environmental justice (EJ) communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">House Democrats also made clear their opposition to political trade-offs that would weaken the hand of those coping with the fallout of global warming damages. For example, the report said Congress should not give liability protection to fossil fuel companies in return for their support of a climate bill. That issue is especially salient nationally, with more than 20 lawsuits underway by state and local governments and others over climate damages, including \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24062020/minnesota-climate-change-lawsuit-exxon-mobil-api-koch-industries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">actions filed in the past week\u003c/a> by Minnesota and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some critics took aim at the Democrats for putting out a report that no Republican members of the committee had signed onto. Rich Powell, executive director of ClearPath Action, a group that is supportive of nuclear energy, carbon capture investments, and other climate action ideas that could win Republican support, said the House majority missed an opportunity for bipartisanship. Powell said the report was “effectively a rewrite of the Green New Deal, leading us further away from real, practical solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Castor said that she believed that many of the ideas in the report — including investments in next-generation nuclear technology and carbon removal technology — would have GOP support. But, she said she expected that the Republican members of the climate committee would be producing their own report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It would make it a lot easier to make bipartisan progress if our Republican colleagues would accept the imperative of breaking from fossil fuels,” added Rep. Jared Huffman, D-Calif., another committee member. “There continues to be a bit of a disconnect here, where they say that they are ready to talk about climate, but the ideas they put on the table revolve around fossil fuel, and the science is quite clear, we’ve got to make a dramatic break from fossil fuel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another committee member, Rep. Sean Casten, D-Ill., a former energy efficiency entrepreneur and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12112018/election-congress-climate-change-environment-activists-osasio-cortez-casten-tlaib-escobar-levin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of several scientists who won office in 2018\u003c/a>, said he believes that bipartisanship should not be the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What we set out to do was to solve the problem as is scientifically necessary,” he said. “It is tragic that the answer to that question is not synonymous with what can be done on a bipartisan basis. But our kids, our grandkids do not give a damn about whether it was bipartisan. They care about whether we gave them a planet that is habitable.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lyft Has Lofty Climate Goals; Experts Want Concrete Actions",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco-based ride-hailing company Lyft has \u003ca href=\"https://www.lyft.com/blog/posts/leading-the-transition-to-zero-emissions\">announced\u003c/a> a goal of transitioning to zero-emission vehicles on its platform by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan includes its entire fleet of vehicles, which consists mostly of personal cars used by people who drive fewer than 10 hours per week in their spare time, the company says. Lyft also rents vehicles to drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft said it was setting the goal to reduce the planet warming-gases produced by the transportation sector; these make up almost a third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation\">Environmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation\">Protection\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation\">Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes while California is in the early stages of considering whether to impose climate regulations on ride-hailing companies like Lyft and its larger rival, Uber. And as electric vehicles are growing in popularity in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board recently \u003ca href=\"https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fww2.arb.ca.gov%2Four-work%2Fprograms%2Fclean-miles-standard%2Fclean-miles-standard-meetings-workshops&data=02%7C01%7Cdave.clegern%40arb.ca.gov%7C3e12746d13e44b2d544008d812fc4bf0%7C9de5aaee778840b1a438c0ccc98c87cc%7C0%7C0%7C637280222106910376&sdata=XCrUGFMDYgaVtWYKJVht92RoRhdDGn2KXUJxydPoqyk%3D&reserved=0\">shared\u003c/a> early versions of a potential regulation to require ride-hailing companies to ensure 70%-80% of miles be driven in electric or other zero-emission vehicles by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CARB is pleased to see this commitment from Lyft and we applaud their leadership in moving in this direction,” said Dave Clegern, a spokeperson for the agency, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs could represent a “large share of the market” in 2030, according to Severin Borenstein, professor of energy economics at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles could be so dominant that market pressure might compel a transition from gas-powered vehicles no matter what the environmental aims of a company are, he said, adding, “it’s possible that they would have done this anyway absent some sort of policy commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Transportation Network Company vehicles, as they are called by California, are typically newer and more efficient than the average private vehicle, one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Ride-Hailing%27s-Climate-Risks.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from the Union of Concerned Scientists found that the trips emit 69% \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957560/add-a-worsening-climate-to-cost-of-uber-and-lyft-says-report\">more\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957560/add-a-worsening-climate-to-cost-of-uber-and-lyft-says-report\">carbon\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957560/add-a-worsening-climate-to-cost-of-uber-and-lyft-says-report\">dioxide\u003c/a> on average than those taken in the types of transportation they displace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s researchers analyzed previously released data and prior academic studies from the companies. The study found about 42% of the miles driven by ride-hailing vehicles occurred between pickups, with only the driver in the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CARB staff came to a similar \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/SB%201014%20-%20Base%20year%20Emissions%20Inventory_December_2019.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">conclusion\u003c/a>. They examined emissions from Uber and Lyft rides for 2018 and found them to be “approximately 50 percent higher than the statewide passenger vehicle fleet average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft acknowledged this in a white paper outlining the company’s plan to reach the zero-emission vehicle target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Anair, research director of the Union of Concerned Scientists’ Clean Transportation Program and an author of the group’s ride-hailing report, said Lyft’s announcement is a “step in the right direction if they implement and achieve their commitments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With any corporate announcement, it’s where the rubber meets the road in terms of living up to that commitment,” he said. “We would be looking towards concrete actions in the near term by Lyft to begin implementing this. The big announcement — a hundred percent by 2030 — it’s a good, clear, long-term target, but it’s not something that in 2029, you can all of a sudden begin to make steps to achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft co-founder and president, John Zimmer, said in a conference call with reporters that the company \u003cem>“\u003c/em>could either be part of the problem with the type of scale that we have, or we could be part of the solution. And we 100 percent intend to be part of the solution.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To implement the policy, the company is partnering with the Environmental Defense Fund. Elizabeth Sturcken, managing director of the environmental group’s business partnership program, said that Lyft’s “investors, employees, customers and the rising youth movement” all wanted immediate action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially as this current administration continues to denigrate and divide,” she said. “That means there’s a tremendous opportunity for the private sector to fill the void of leadership on climate, and Lyft’s announcement of 100 percent EVs by 2030 is a key step to filling that void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transition to electric vehicles on the Lyft platform would cut 16 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encouraging millions of individuals to switch their personal vehicles from gas to electric in the next ten years will require unprecedented leadership from policymakers and regulators to align market rules and incentives for businesses and consumers alike,” said the company white paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The business climate in California for Lyft and Uber has gotten tougher over the past nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Borenstein says the passage last September of AB 5, a law that categorizes drivers as employees rather than independent contractors, has injected uncertainty into the ride-hailing business model and makes it harder for companies to maintain a grip on how people move around. The coronavirus pandemic has also cratered \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/technology/the-results-are-in-for-the-sharing-economy-they-are-ugly.html\">demand\u003c/a> for rides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a question of how big a role ride-hailing services will be playing by 2030,” he said. “Lyft is making a commitment for a long time in the future. It is not binding; lots of things can change by then.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco-based ride-hailing company Lyft has \u003ca href=\"https://www.lyft.com/blog/posts/leading-the-transition-to-zero-emissions\">announced\u003c/a> a goal of transitioning to zero-emission vehicles on its platform by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan includes its entire fleet of vehicles, which consists mostly of personal cars used by people who drive fewer than 10 hours per week in their spare time, the company says. Lyft also rents vehicles to drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft said it was setting the goal to reduce the planet warming-gases produced by the transportation sector; these make up almost a third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation\">Environmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation\">Protection\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation\">Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes while California is in the early stages of considering whether to impose climate regulations on ride-hailing companies like Lyft and its larger rival, Uber. And as electric vehicles are growing in popularity in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board recently \u003ca href=\"https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fww2.arb.ca.gov%2Four-work%2Fprograms%2Fclean-miles-standard%2Fclean-miles-standard-meetings-workshops&data=02%7C01%7Cdave.clegern%40arb.ca.gov%7C3e12746d13e44b2d544008d812fc4bf0%7C9de5aaee778840b1a438c0ccc98c87cc%7C0%7C0%7C637280222106910376&sdata=XCrUGFMDYgaVtWYKJVht92RoRhdDGn2KXUJxydPoqyk%3D&reserved=0\">shared\u003c/a> early versions of a potential regulation to require ride-hailing companies to ensure 70%-80% of miles be driven in electric or other zero-emission vehicles by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CARB is pleased to see this commitment from Lyft and we applaud their leadership in moving in this direction,” said Dave Clegern, a spokeperson for the agency, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs could represent a “large share of the market” in 2030, according to Severin Borenstein, professor of energy economics at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles could be so dominant that market pressure might compel a transition from gas-powered vehicles no matter what the environmental aims of a company are, he said, adding, “it’s possible that they would have done this anyway absent some sort of policy commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Transportation Network Company vehicles, as they are called by California, are typically newer and more efficient than the average private vehicle, one \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Ride-Hailing%27s-Climate-Risks.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from the Union of Concerned Scientists found that the trips emit 69% \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957560/add-a-worsening-climate-to-cost-of-uber-and-lyft-says-report\">more\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957560/add-a-worsening-climate-to-cost-of-uber-and-lyft-says-report\">carbon\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957560/add-a-worsening-climate-to-cost-of-uber-and-lyft-says-report\">dioxide\u003c/a> on average than those taken in the types of transportation they displace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s researchers analyzed previously released data and prior academic studies from the companies. The study found about 42% of the miles driven by ride-hailing vehicles occurred between pickups, with only the driver in the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CARB staff came to a similar \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/SB%201014%20-%20Base%20year%20Emissions%20Inventory_December_2019.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery\">conclusion\u003c/a>. They examined emissions from Uber and Lyft rides for 2018 and found them to be “approximately 50 percent higher than the statewide passenger vehicle fleet average.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft acknowledged this in a white paper outlining the company’s plan to reach the zero-emission vehicle target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Anair, research director of the Union of Concerned Scientists’ Clean Transportation Program and an author of the group’s ride-hailing report, said Lyft’s announcement is a “step in the right direction if they implement and achieve their commitments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With any corporate announcement, it’s where the rubber meets the road in terms of living up to that commitment,” he said. “We would be looking towards concrete actions in the near term by Lyft to begin implementing this. The big announcement — a hundred percent by 2030 — it’s a good, clear, long-term target, but it’s not something that in 2029, you can all of a sudden begin to make steps to achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft co-founder and president, John Zimmer, said in a conference call with reporters that the company \u003cem>“\u003c/em>could either be part of the problem with the type of scale that we have, or we could be part of the solution. And we 100 percent intend to be part of the solution.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To implement the policy, the company is partnering with the Environmental Defense Fund. Elizabeth Sturcken, managing director of the environmental group’s business partnership program, said that Lyft’s “investors, employees, customers and the rising youth movement” all wanted immediate action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially as this current administration continues to denigrate and divide,” she said. “That means there’s a tremendous opportunity for the private sector to fill the void of leadership on climate, and Lyft’s announcement of 100 percent EVs by 2030 is a key step to filling that void.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A transition to electric vehicles on the Lyft platform would cut 16 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, according to the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encouraging millions of individuals to switch their personal vehicles from gas to electric in the next ten years will require unprecedented leadership from policymakers and regulators to align market rules and incentives for businesses and consumers alike,” said the company white paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The business climate in California for Lyft and Uber has gotten tougher over the past nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Borenstein says the passage last September of AB 5, a law that categorizes drivers as employees rather than independent contractors, has injected uncertainty into the ride-hailing business model and makes it harder for companies to maintain a grip on how people move around. The coronavirus pandemic has also cratered \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/technology/the-results-are-in-for-the-sharing-economy-they-are-ugly.html\">demand\u003c/a> for rides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a question of how big a role ride-hailing services will be playing by 2030,” he said. “Lyft is making a commitment for a long time in the future. It is not binding; lots of things can change by then.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Francisco Could Ban Natural Gas in New Buildings",
"headTitle": "San Francisco Could Ban Natural Gas in New Buildings | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Tuesday, a San Francisco district supervisor unveiled a proposal to ban the use of natural gas in new construction and for major building renovations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The measure, if approved, would eliminate natural gas in nearly all new buildings — from homes to towering commercial buildings —that apply for a permit for construction after Jan. 1, 2021.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco already\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/SF-bans-natural-gas-in-new-city-buildings-may-14984899.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> banned\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> natural gas for any new city building.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote citation='Rafael Mandelman, San Francisco supervisor']‘Critically, an all electric future also means a safer and healthier environment for today’s San Franciscans and for future generations. Many of us will remember the tragic natural gas explosion in San Bruno in 2010 that leveled an entire neighborhood.’[/pullquote]The proposal follows Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\">ban\u003c/a>, the first in the U.S., \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">but San Francisco’s plan will be a bigger lift as natural gas — through heating and cooking — is the \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/scorecards/environment/greenhouse-gas-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leading source of carbon emissions\u003c/a> in the city with towering skyscrapers and more than 880,000 people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural gas accounts for roughly 40% of San Francisco’s overall emissions of planet-warming gases and 80% of its buildings’ emissions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ordinance could apply to 54,303 homes, or about 65% of the units in San Francisco’s development pipeline, and 32 million square feet of commercial space, city officials said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco District 8 Supervisor Rafael Mandelman outlined the gas ban in a virtual press conference with Debbie Raphael, director of the city’s Department of the Environment, and Patrick O’Riordan, interim director of the city’s Department of Building Inspection.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Building electrification is a critical component to achieving our city’s bold climate action goals, including our commitment to net zero emissions by 2050 or earlier,” Mandelman said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural gas lines leak methane, one of the most potent climate pollutants, directly into the atmosphere.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gas lines that break during a major earthquake, construction accident or other moments, also pose a risk of explosion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Critically, an all electric future also means a safer and healthier environment for today’s San Franciscans and for future generations,” he said. “Many of us will remember the tragic natural gas explosion in San Bruno in 2010 that leveled an entire neighborhood.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Restaurants will have a temporary exemption from the ban and can apply to hook up gas stoves and other cooking equipment through Jan. 1, 2022, according to Cyndy Comerford, climate program manager for the city’s Department of the Environment\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Restaurant Association \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11788199/environmentalists-say-natural-gas-industry-behind-restaurant-groups-challenge-to-berkeley-gas-ban\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">challenged\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Berkeley’s natural gas ban, but did not immediately respond to a request for comment on San Francisco’s proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Tuesday, a San Francisco district supervisor unveiled a proposal to ban the use of natural gas in new construction and for major building renovations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The measure, if approved, would eliminate natural gas in nearly all new buildings — from homes to towering commercial buildings —that apply for a permit for construction after Jan. 1, 2021.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco already\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/SF-bans-natural-gas-in-new-city-buildings-may-14984899.php\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> banned\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> natural gas for any new city building.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The proposal follows Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\">ban\u003c/a>, the first in the U.S., \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">but San Francisco’s plan will be a bigger lift as natural gas — through heating and cooking — is the \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/scorecards/environment/greenhouse-gas-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leading source of carbon emissions\u003c/a> in the city with towering skyscrapers and more than 880,000 people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural gas accounts for roughly 40% of San Francisco’s overall emissions of planet-warming gases and 80% of its buildings’ emissions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ordinance could apply to 54,303 homes, or about 65% of the units in San Francisco’s development pipeline, and 32 million square feet of commercial space, city officials said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco District 8 Supervisor Rafael Mandelman outlined the gas ban in a virtual press conference with Debbie Raphael, director of the city’s Department of the Environment, and Patrick O’Riordan, interim director of the city’s Department of Building Inspection.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Building electrification is a critical component to achieving our city’s bold climate action goals, including our commitment to net zero emissions by 2050 or earlier,” Mandelman said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural gas lines leak methane, one of the most potent climate pollutants, directly into the atmosphere.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gas lines that break during a major earthquake, construction accident or other moments, also pose a risk of explosion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Critically, an all electric future also means a safer and healthier environment for today’s San Franciscans and for future generations,” he said. “Many of us will remember the tragic natural gas explosion in San Bruno in 2010 that leveled an entire neighborhood.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Restaurants will have a temporary exemption from the ban and can apply to hook up gas stoves and other cooking equipment through Jan. 1, 2022, according to Cyndy Comerford, climate program manager for the city’s Department of the Environment\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Restaurant Association \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11788199/environmentalists-say-natural-gas-industry-behind-restaurant-groups-challenge-to-berkeley-gas-ban\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">challenged\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Berkeley’s natural gas ban, but did not immediately respond to a request for comment on San Francisco’s proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board on Thursday adopted a suite of unprecedented manufacturing rules meant to create a parade of electric pickup trucks, delivery vans and big rigs riding California’s roads within the next 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new regulations require manufacturers to sell electric vehicles as a small part of their total sales beginning in 2024. The percentage will then increase annually until the year 2035, when 55% of all new sales of noncommercial vans and full-size pickup trucks must be electric, along with 75% of buses and commercial delivery vans. The mandate calls for 40% of big-rig tractor sales to be electric by 2035, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote align='right' citation='Diane Takvorian, CARB board member']‘We should make no mistake, this rule advances racial justice. We need to recognize that these types of heavy-duty vehicles disproportionately impact communities of color and communities around ports, and this rule is going to give some relief.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The air resources board \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/board/books/2020/062520/20-6-3-pres.pdf?_ga=2.150124982.167134424.1592239121-482190456.1584483701\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">estimates\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the rules will save 17.9 million metric tons of greenhouse gases from spewing into the atmosphere through the year 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Both CARB, in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>, and agency chair Mary Nichols called the new rule the first of its kind in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement that “Even in the midst of a global pandemic, climate change is still an existential threat — both to our way of life and our children’s health . Communities and children of color are often forced to breathe our most polluted air, and today’s vote moves us closer toward a healthier future for all of our kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">CARB officials say the rules will curb pollution, especially in Richmond, West Oakland, the Inland Empire and other valley neighborhoods that surround California’s busiest ports and lie underneath its interstate freeways, where the most impacted people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/ready-work?_ga=2.195482220.1352884747.1593111906-615557934.1587499328&_gac=1.27930574.1589928995.CjwKCAjwh472BRAGEiwAvHVfGtdO5xRYx0dIdwlCC0umFn1siHThWGPay6ooeH4URkwlDVmpYk5ErhoClHYQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">disproportionately\u003c/span>\u003c/a> immigrants, African Americans and other people of color.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The rules are also designed to help California meet its goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% from\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>1990 levels by 2030 and 80% by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">California met its 2020 climate goal early, but the state is behind in its efforts to reach the next targets, which will require steep cuts in emissions from the transportation sector — one of the most difficult areas to decarbonize, especially in California, the most populous state in the nation, marked by sprawling suburbs and grueling commutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third of U.S. vegetables and two-thirds of U.S. fruits and nuts are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/#:~:text=California's%20agricultural%20abundance%20includes%20more,the%20nation's%20total%20agricultural%20value.\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">grown\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the state for distribution across the country, often on freight lines and with trucks powered by diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“An electric truck charged on today’s grid in California has 80% lower greenhouse gas emissions when compared with a diesel truck,” said Jimmy O’Dea, an analyst with the Union of Concerned Scientists. “That’s a big impact. We know the grid is getting cleaner; we have policies in place for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CARB set a new goal of all new trucks sold in California be zero-emission by the year 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Toxic Smog\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The vast majority of California’s smog-forming pollutants —about 80% — come from cars, trucks and a range of off-road equipment, as do almost all of its toxic diesel emissions and half of the state’s greenhouse gas emissions, according to CARB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Sooty diesel emissions from trucks accumulate in the lungs, causing asthma, cancer and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla Briceño, 30, lives in San Bernardino, a few blocks away from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ab-617-ab-134/steering-committees/san-bernardino/cerp/ch-5e-railyards-discussion.pdf?sfvrsn=14\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">BNSF railyard\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and a 10-minute walk from Interstate 215. She says large trucks are the backdrop to her life, and she advocated for the board to pass the rules. She worries about the long-term health of her 1-year-old and 5-year-old boys, who have breathing troubles and use inhalers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966456\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1966456\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karla Briceño \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Karla Briceño)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How sad is it that my first born has to use an inhaler to go outside and play?” she said. “And we all have to act like this is something that’s normal. This should not be normal for any kid. They should be able to breathe on their own, and (they) should be able to enjoy the air outside and (they) should be able to play in their yards.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>‘This Rule Advances Racial Justice’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">CARB’s rulemaking, which has taken place over two years, has been closely followed by community advocates, environmentalists, industry groups and other states. There were five hours of public comments in advance of the much-anticipated vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“It’s not just about the technology change,” said Andrea Vidaurre, a policy analyst for the Center for Community Action and Environmental Justice. “It really is rooted in decades of community members saying that what was placed in their communities is endangering their health — the diesel pollution coming from these trucks, the supply chain, goods movement, freight, however you want to call it, whatever gets your package to your door, whatever gets the food to the shelf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should make no mistake, this rule advances racial justice,” said board member Diane Takvorian. “We need to recognize that these types of heavy-duty vehicles disproportionately impact communities of color and communities around ports, and this rule is going to give some relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Industry Offers Mixed Support\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Volvo, GM and other industry manufacturers offered qualified \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/lists/com-attach/153-act2019-BW0FYlY7WGcAKFMj.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">support\u003c/span>\u003c/a> for the rules and said they embrace a vision of an all-electric future, while expressing concern that the agency is moving too fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident in our ability to manufacture sufficient numbers of ZEV trucks, but we doubt the market’s readiness to absorb the volumes proposed in this regulation,” said Dawn Fenton, vice president of government relations for Volvo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Other industry groups like the Truck and Engine Manufacturers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.ttnews.com/articles/carb-board-hears-public-comment-plan-electric-truck-future\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">say\u003c/span>\u003c/a> they support electric vehicles, but argue that the agency is overreaching. They recommended focussing on delivery trucks before making requirements of larger manufacturers, especially during an economic recession caused by the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to CARB dated March 23, Jed Mandel, the group’s president, asked the agency to delay a decision on the truck rules, saying it’s “imperative that CARB take account of the incredible adverse impacts on manufacturers that have occurred, and that continue to evolve, as a direct result of the COVID-19 crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The air resources board \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/board/books/2020/062520/20-6-3-pres.pdf?_ga=2.150124982.167134424.1592239121-482190456.1584483701\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">estimates\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the rules will save 17.9 million metric tons of greenhouse gases from spewing into the atmosphere through the year 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Both CARB, in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>, and agency chair Mary Nichols called the new rule the first of its kind in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement that “Even in the midst of a global pandemic, climate change is still an existential threat — both to our way of life and our children’s health . Communities and children of color are often forced to breathe our most polluted air, and today’s vote moves us closer toward a healthier future for all of our kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">CARB officials say the rules will curb pollution, especially in Richmond, West Oakland, the Inland Empire and other valley neighborhoods that surround California’s busiest ports and lie underneath its interstate freeways, where the most impacted people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/ready-work?_ga=2.195482220.1352884747.1593111906-615557934.1587499328&_gac=1.27930574.1589928995.CjwKCAjwh472BRAGEiwAvHVfGtdO5xRYx0dIdwlCC0umFn1siHThWGPay6ooeH4URkwlDVmpYk5ErhoClHYQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">disproportionately\u003c/span>\u003c/a> immigrants, African Americans and other people of color.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The rules are also designed to help California meet its goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% from\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>1990 levels by 2030 and 80% by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">California met its 2020 climate goal early, but the state is behind in its efforts to reach the next targets, which will require steep cuts in emissions from the transportation sector — one of the most difficult areas to decarbonize, especially in California, the most populous state in the nation, marked by sprawling suburbs and grueling commutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third of U.S. vegetables and two-thirds of U.S. fruits and nuts are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/#:~:text=California's%20agricultural%20abundance%20includes%20more,the%20nation's%20total%20agricultural%20value.\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">grown\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the state for distribution across the country, often on freight lines and with trucks powered by diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“An electric truck charged on today’s grid in California has 80% lower greenhouse gas emissions when compared with a diesel truck,” said Jimmy O’Dea, an analyst with the Union of Concerned Scientists. “That’s a big impact. We know the grid is getting cleaner; we have policies in place for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CARB set a new goal of all new trucks sold in California be zero-emission by the year 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Toxic Smog\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The vast majority of California’s smog-forming pollutants —about 80% — come from cars, trucks and a range of off-road equipment, as do almost all of its toxic diesel emissions and half of the state’s greenhouse gas emissions, according to CARB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Sooty diesel emissions from trucks accumulate in the lungs, causing asthma, cancer and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla Briceño, 30, lives in San Bernardino, a few blocks away from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ab-617-ab-134/steering-committees/san-bernardino/cerp/ch-5e-railyards-discussion.pdf?sfvrsn=14\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">BNSF railyard\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and a 10-minute walk from Interstate 215. She says large trucks are the backdrop to her life, and she advocated for the board to pass the rules. She worries about the long-term health of her 1-year-old and 5-year-old boys, who have breathing troubles and use inhalers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1966456\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1966456\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/06/RS43816_Karla_1-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karla Briceño \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Karla Briceño)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How sad is it that my first born has to use an inhaler to go outside and play?” she said. “And we all have to act like this is something that’s normal. This should not be normal for any kid. They should be able to breathe on their own, and (they) should be able to enjoy the air outside and (they) should be able to play in their yards.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>‘This Rule Advances Racial Justice’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">CARB’s rulemaking, which has taken place over two years, has been closely followed by community advocates, environmentalists, industry groups and other states. There were five hours of public comments in advance of the much-anticipated vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“It’s not just about the technology change,” said Andrea Vidaurre, a policy analyst for the Center for Community Action and Environmental Justice. “It really is rooted in decades of community members saying that what was placed in their communities is endangering their health — the diesel pollution coming from these trucks, the supply chain, goods movement, freight, however you want to call it, whatever gets your package to your door, whatever gets the food to the shelf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We should make no mistake, this rule advances racial justice,” said board member Diane Takvorian. “We need to recognize that these types of heavy-duty vehicles disproportionately impact communities of color and communities around ports, and this rule is going to give some relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Conference Travel and Carbon Emissions: In the Midst of COVID-19, Some People Are Doing the Math",
"headTitle": "Conference Travel and Carbon Emissions: In the Midst of COVID-19, Some People Are Doing the Math | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Add the American Geophysical Union’s annual Fall Meeting to the list of events going virtual only this year due to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Last week, AGU \u003ca href=\"https://fromtheprow.agu.org/agu-fall-meeting-is-virtual-mostly-and-remains-global-always/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">announced\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that thousands of Earth scientists, geologists, researchers and science writers will attend the meeting online instead of descending on San Francisco’s Moscone Center. The conference, which will take place Dec. 7-11, is one of the largest annual scientific gatherings, usually featuring over 1,000 sessions on topics ranging from oceans to outer space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Kim Cobb, Georgia Tech climate scientist, on AGU's annual Fall Meeting\"]‘You’re talking about a conference that’s responsible for thousands and thousands of tons of carbon in five days. It’s something that we’re going to have to come to grips with.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The AGU joins the \u003ca href=\"https://meetings.aaas.org/aaas-annual-meeting-update/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">American Association for the Advancement of Science\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://aas.org/posts/news/2020/04/how-aas-will-organize-virtual-scientific-conference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">American Astronomical Society\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/we-had-act-how-coronavirus-fears-forced-physics-society-nix-giant-meeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">American Physical Society\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-03-02/coronavirus-cancelled-conferences-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">hundreds of other\u003c/span>\u003c/a> scientific organizations eschewing big in-person meetings in order to stop the spread of the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">AGU’s organizers say if they get the go-ahead from San Francisco’s health officers, AGU may host a smaller regional gathering. But participants should still expect networking and poster hall presentations to occur in the digital realm, while sessions and talks will be recorded for attendees to enjoy “on demand” or to “binge watch,” according to the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Tens of thousands of people attend AGU each year, not only for the scientific presentations, but to go on field trips to local labs, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951470/take-a-google-earth-tour-of-the-bay-areas-most-epic-rock-formations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">stunning geologic formations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, meet with colleagues and mentors, and socialize at parties and happy hours hosted by academic journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These aspects of conferences like AGU are especially important for early-career scientists, who are meeting future collaborators and looking for jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rethinking Large Events\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cb>\u003c/b>The shift to online gatherings is part of a larger trend in reimagining experiences centered on human interaction at a time when large gatherings are mostly banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The pandemic provided a window into a world of diminished driving, as well as speculation about unnecessary office space. In California, stay-at-home orders\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1963716/coronavirus-forces-huge-number-of-californians-off-road-as-tele-everything-becomes-new-climate-option\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">pushed so many drivers off the road \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>that vehicle emissions dropped by as much as 75%, according to a UC Davis\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/files/content/projects/COVID_CHIPs_Impacts_updated_430.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">estimate\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While people are starting to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11820003/charts-traffic-is-still-way-down-across-the-bay-area-but-its-making-a-comeback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">return to the roads\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, state leaders and researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1963716/coronavirus-forces-huge-number-of-californians-off-road-as-tele-everything-becomes-new-climate-option\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">hope\u003c/span>\u003c/a> investments in high-speed internet deployment and the transfer of more government functions online — virtual DMV \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv-online/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visits\u003c/a>, anyone? — can help California decarbonize transportation. Bay Area technology firms like \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/21/21266570/facebook-remote-work-from-home-mark-zuckerberg-twitter-covid-19-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Facebook \u003c/span>\u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/keeping-our-employees-and-partners-safe-during-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Twitter \u003c/span>\u003c/a>that have expanded work-from-home options in the face of the pandemic could be bellwethers for making physical attendance at the office obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>‘A Bleep Ton’ of Emissions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s conference, promoted with the social media hashtag #AGU20, will be a test of the virtual conference experience. And hold the carbon emissions, please.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“Virtual participation in scientific meetings has great potential to increase access, reduce carbon footprints and diversify meeting attendance to the benefit of all participants — and to take attendees beyond conventional meeting spaces, into laboratories or remote field sites,” said Susan Lozier, \u003cspan class=\"s3\">AGU’s \u003c/span>president-elect and council chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lozier didn’t say if any changes to the conference will be permanent. But the organization acknowledged in its announcement that the virtual meeting will mean “\u003cspan class=\"s2\">our carbon footprint will be less than ever before,” and it noted an emissions calculator would be placed on its website. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calculating the carbon footprint of a conference like AGU is tricky, but in 2019, one academic \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/milankloewer/status/1204383697165856768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">estimated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that to get to the annual meeting and back, roughly 28,000 scientists traveled a combined 151 million miles resulting in 69,300 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That amount of CO2 is the equivalent of the combined yearly carbon output of 1,443 \u003ca href=\"http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/carbon-footprint-factsheet#:~:text=A%20typical%20U.S.%20household%20has,t%20CO2e%2Fyr.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">average American families\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“That’s a bleep ton, really just a staggering number,” said \u003c/span>Kim Cobb, a climate scientist with Georgia Tech, who has long advocated for conferences like AGU taking steps to reduce the need to travel long distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“You’re talking about a conference that’s responsible for thousands and thousands of tons of carbon in five days,” she said. “It’s something that we’re going to have to come to grips with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes that science meetings improve virtual participation, consider holding major in-person gatherings biennially instead of annually, and organize smaller satellite gatherings instead of one central conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The pandemic, she says, is providing an opportunity to think about a “vision for conferences that could be done partly remotely or fully remotely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, scaling back live meetings would have an economic impact, especially for cities like San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During AGU, the cafes, restaurants, hotels and other businesses in the South of Market neighborhood where the conference is located brim with attendees toting conference badges and spending money. An Oxford Economic \u003ca href=\"https://insights.eventscouncil.org/Full-Article/ArtMID/398/ArticleID/1445/2018-Global-Economic-Significance-of-Business-Events\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> commissioned by the Events Industry Council estimates that billions of people attend conferences worldwide annually, spending over a trillion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">A group of 12 academics \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/04/18/12-scholars-share-ideas-reducing-carbon-emissions-academic-travel-opinion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">noted\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year that the footprint of a traveling scholar is likely larger than that of the average person, calling on research institutions to limit emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our institutional practices should shift to reduce academic air travel,” they wrote. “To be clear, we aren’t calling for a moratorium on flying, and specific personal and professional situations will inevitably require some of us to travel more than others. But even modest changes could significantly reduce the carbon footprint of our professional practice. To that end, we’re calling on academic associations, societies and other organizations to require less flying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the authors, Heidi Roop, a climate science at the University of Washington, said while some conferences livestream talks and other events, they don’t put everything online. She hopes the pandemic will change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There isn’t yet a pick-your-own-adventure conference virtually, where you could be in-person or virtual,” she said. “My hope is we start thinking seriously about it, not just because of the pandemic, but because of our carbon footprint and the environmental impact of all the traveling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Presenting a Paper … Over Zoom \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth scientist Chris Field took his first Stanford research appointment at the Carnegie Institution for Science in 1984. He estimates traveling as much as a third of the year to conduct climate research, meet with collaborators and attend conferences. The pace has declined, but he still takes two to four trips a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, all that travel is powered by fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being forced to work remotely has been “transformative,” he said. He’s more productive, and he doesn’t have to battle jet lag and late-night flights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was not tuned in to the fraction of my time that I was going to the airport, hanging out in the airport, waiting in traffic and checking into the hotel, doing whatever,” he said. \u003cspan class=\"s4\">“That’s not rocket science to figure that out. But it is impactful.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">He says the experience of presenting science online is better than inside a cavernous conference hall. “I’ve done a number of presentations and webinars and conversations, and it is easier in some ways; nobody’s sitting at the back of the room and can’t see the slides. And you have control over where the pointer is on the slide and all that stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the presentations may be better, it certainly cannot replace the tangible and intangible benefits of personal interaction with colleagues, competitors, mentors and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>One of the next frontiers that we’ll have to address as we think about a new way of doing business is how do you cement the pieces of personal interaction,” he said. “They are really important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AGU says it will soon announce a variety of online tools meant to enable personal interaction between scientists at this year’s meeting. These “will also serve as the foundation for the future of AGU Fall Meetings.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003cbr>\nStay-at-Home, Forever\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">While stay-at-home orders have catalyzed a movement of what is sometimes called distributed or remote work, it’s not a new idea — \u003ca href=\"https://about.gitlab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">GitLab\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.invisionapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">InVision\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://buffer.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Buffer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> are just a few companies that operate with no central office and employees spread all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Mullenweg, the founder of the content management program WordPress, which hosts this website and many others, now runs a fully distributed company called Automattic, and long before the coronavirus swept the world, he argued, “\u003ca href=\"https://distributed.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Distributed is the future of work\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Mullenweg, recently penned a kind of victory \u003ca href=\"https://ma.tt/2020/05/gradually-then-suddenly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">blog post\u003c/span>\u003c/a> — titled “Gradually, then suddenly” —\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>in response to the host of top-shelf tech companies announcing they would transition their workplaces for more remote work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“What’s going to be newsworthy by the end of the year is not technology companies saying they’re embracing distributed work, but those that aren’t,” Mullenweg said. “Those who thought this couldn’t work have been forced by the pandemic to do it anyway, and they’ve now seen that it’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Add the American Geophysical Union’s annual Fall Meeting to the list of events going virtual only this year due to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Last week, AGU \u003ca href=\"https://fromtheprow.agu.org/agu-fall-meeting-is-virtual-mostly-and-remains-global-always/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">announced\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that thousands of Earth scientists, geologists, researchers and science writers will attend the meeting online instead of descending on San Francisco’s Moscone Center. The conference, which will take place Dec. 7-11, is one of the largest annual scientific gatherings, usually featuring over 1,000 sessions on topics ranging from oceans to outer space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘You’re talking about a conference that’s responsible for thousands and thousands of tons of carbon in five days. It’s something that we’re going to have to come to grips with.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The AGU joins the \u003ca href=\"https://meetings.aaas.org/aaas-annual-meeting-update/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">American Association for the Advancement of Science\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://aas.org/posts/news/2020/04/how-aas-will-organize-virtual-scientific-conference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">American Astronomical Society\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/we-had-act-how-coronavirus-fears-forced-physics-society-nix-giant-meeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">American Physical Society\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-03-02/coronavirus-cancelled-conferences-list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">hundreds of other\u003c/span>\u003c/a> scientific organizations eschewing big in-person meetings in order to stop the spread of the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">AGU’s organizers say if they get the go-ahead from San Francisco’s health officers, AGU may host a smaller regional gathering. But participants should still expect networking and poster hall presentations to occur in the digital realm, while sessions and talks will be recorded for attendees to enjoy “on demand” or to “binge watch,” according to the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Tens of thousands of people attend AGU each year, not only for the scientific presentations, but to go on field trips to local labs, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951470/take-a-google-earth-tour-of-the-bay-areas-most-epic-rock-formations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">stunning geologic formations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, meet with colleagues and mentors, and socialize at parties and happy hours hosted by academic journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These aspects of conferences like AGU are especially important for early-career scientists, who are meeting future collaborators and looking for jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rethinking Large Events\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cb>\u003c/b>The shift to online gatherings is part of a larger trend in reimagining experiences centered on human interaction at a time when large gatherings are mostly banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The pandemic provided a window into a world of diminished driving, as well as speculation about unnecessary office space. In California, stay-at-home orders\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1963716/coronavirus-forces-huge-number-of-californians-off-road-as-tele-everything-becomes-new-climate-option\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">pushed so many drivers off the road \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>that vehicle emissions dropped by as much as 75%, according to a UC Davis\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/files/content/projects/COVID_CHIPs_Impacts_updated_430.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">estimate\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While people are starting to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11820003/charts-traffic-is-still-way-down-across-the-bay-area-but-its-making-a-comeback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">return to the roads\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, state leaders and researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1963716/coronavirus-forces-huge-number-of-californians-off-road-as-tele-everything-becomes-new-climate-option\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">hope\u003c/span>\u003c/a> investments in high-speed internet deployment and the transfer of more government functions online — virtual DMV \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv-online/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visits\u003c/a>, anyone? — can help California decarbonize transportation. Bay Area technology firms like \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/5/21/21266570/facebook-remote-work-from-home-mark-zuckerberg-twitter-covid-19-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Facebook \u003c/span>\u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/keeping-our-employees-and-partners-safe-during-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Twitter \u003c/span>\u003c/a>that have expanded work-from-home options in the face of the pandemic could be bellwethers for making physical attendance at the office obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>‘A Bleep Ton’ of Emissions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s conference, promoted with the social media hashtag #AGU20, will be a test of the virtual conference experience. And hold the carbon emissions, please.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“Virtual participation in scientific meetings has great potential to increase access, reduce carbon footprints and diversify meeting attendance to the benefit of all participants — and to take attendees beyond conventional meeting spaces, into laboratories or remote field sites,” said Susan Lozier, \u003cspan class=\"s3\">AGU’s \u003c/span>president-elect and council chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lozier didn’t say if any changes to the conference will be permanent. But the organization acknowledged in its announcement that the virtual meeting will mean “\u003cspan class=\"s2\">our carbon footprint will be less than ever before,” and it noted an emissions calculator would be placed on its website. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calculating the carbon footprint of a conference like AGU is tricky, but in 2019, one academic \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/milankloewer/status/1204383697165856768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">estimated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that to get to the annual meeting and back, roughly 28,000 scientists traveled a combined 151 million miles resulting in 69,300 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That amount of CO2 is the equivalent of the combined yearly carbon output of 1,443 \u003ca href=\"http://css.umich.edu/factsheets/carbon-footprint-factsheet#:~:text=A%20typical%20U.S.%20household%20has,t%20CO2e%2Fyr.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">average American families\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“That’s a bleep ton, really just a staggering number,” said \u003c/span>Kim Cobb, a climate scientist with Georgia Tech, who has long advocated for conferences like AGU taking steps to reduce the need to travel long distances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“You’re talking about a conference that’s responsible for thousands and thousands of tons of carbon in five days,” she said. “It’s something that we’re going to have to come to grips with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes that science meetings improve virtual participation, consider holding major in-person gatherings biennially instead of annually, and organize smaller satellite gatherings instead of one central conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The pandemic, she says, is providing an opportunity to think about a “vision for conferences that could be done partly remotely or fully remotely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, scaling back live meetings would have an economic impact, especially for cities like San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During AGU, the cafes, restaurants, hotels and other businesses in the South of Market neighborhood where the conference is located brim with attendees toting conference badges and spending money. An Oxford Economic \u003ca href=\"https://insights.eventscouncil.org/Full-Article/ArtMID/398/ArticleID/1445/2018-Global-Economic-Significance-of-Business-Events\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> commissioned by the Events Industry Council estimates that billions of people attend conferences worldwide annually, spending over a trillion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">A group of 12 academics \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/04/18/12-scholars-share-ideas-reducing-carbon-emissions-academic-travel-opinion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">noted\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year that the footprint of a traveling scholar is likely larger than that of the average person, calling on research institutions to limit emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our institutional practices should shift to reduce academic air travel,” they wrote. “To be clear, we aren’t calling for a moratorium on flying, and specific personal and professional situations will inevitably require some of us to travel more than others. But even modest changes could significantly reduce the carbon footprint of our professional practice. To that end, we’re calling on academic associations, societies and other organizations to require less flying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the authors, Heidi Roop, a climate science at the University of Washington, said while some conferences livestream talks and other events, they don’t put everything online. She hopes the pandemic will change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There isn’t yet a pick-your-own-adventure conference virtually, where you could be in-person or virtual,” she said. “My hope is we start thinking seriously about it, not just because of the pandemic, but because of our carbon footprint and the environmental impact of all the traveling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Presenting a Paper … Over Zoom \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth scientist Chris Field took his first Stanford research appointment at the Carnegie Institution for Science in 1984. He estimates traveling as much as a third of the year to conduct climate research, meet with collaborators and attend conferences. The pace has declined, but he still takes two to four trips a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, all that travel is powered by fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being forced to work remotely has been “transformative,” he said. He’s more productive, and he doesn’t have to battle jet lag and late-night flights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was not tuned in to the fraction of my time that I was going to the airport, hanging out in the airport, waiting in traffic and checking into the hotel, doing whatever,” he said. \u003cspan class=\"s4\">“That’s not rocket science to figure that out. But it is impactful.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">He says the experience of presenting science online is better than inside a cavernous conference hall. “I’ve done a number of presentations and webinars and conversations, and it is easier in some ways; nobody’s sitting at the back of the room and can’t see the slides. And you have control over where the pointer is on the slide and all that stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the presentations may be better, it certainly cannot replace the tangible and intangible benefits of personal interaction with colleagues, competitors, mentors and students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>One of the next frontiers that we’ll have to address as we think about a new way of doing business is how do you cement the pieces of personal interaction,” he said. “They are really important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AGU says it will soon announce a variety of online tools meant to enable personal interaction between scientists at this year’s meeting. These “will also serve as the foundation for the future of AGU Fall Meetings.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003cbr>\nStay-at-Home, Forever\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">While stay-at-home orders have catalyzed a movement of what is sometimes called distributed or remote work, it’s not a new idea — \u003ca href=\"https://about.gitlab.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">GitLab\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.invisionapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">InVision\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://buffer.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Buffer\u003c/span>\u003c/a> are just a few companies that operate with no central office and employees spread all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Mullenweg, the founder of the content management program WordPress, which hosts this website and many others, now runs a fully distributed company called Automattic, and long before the coronavirus swept the world, he argued, “\u003ca href=\"https://distributed.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Distributed is the future of work\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Mullenweg, recently penned a kind of victory \u003ca href=\"https://ma.tt/2020/05/gradually-then-suddenly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">blog post\u003c/span>\u003c/a> — titled “Gradually, then suddenly” —\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>in response to the host of top-shelf tech companies announcing they would transition their workplaces for more remote work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“What’s going to be newsworthy by the end of the year is not technology companies saying they’re embracing distributed work, but those that aren’t,” Mullenweg said. “Those who thought this couldn’t work have been forced by the pandemic to do it anyway, and they’ve now seen that it’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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