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"content": "\u003cp>Wildfires near cities have become commonplace in the Western United States, but this year the reach and intensity of the dangerous air pollution they produce has been the worst on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Americans in populous, urban areas endured smoke for longer than previous years. Some places experienced very unhealthy or hazardous air from wildfires for the first time ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An NPR analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-quality-index-daily-values-report\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air quality data\u003c/a> found that nearly 50 million people in California, Oregon and Washington live in counties that experienced at least one day of “unhealthy” or worse air quality during wildfire season so far this year. That’s 1 in 7 Americans, an increase of more than 9 million people compared with 2018, the worst previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this year’s wildfire season is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res915724523\" class=\"bucketwrap statichtml\">\n\u003cp id=\"responsive-embed-wildfire-waffle-20200917\" data-pym-loader=\"\" data-child-src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfire-waffle-20200917/\">Loading…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\">https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- END ID=\"RES915724523\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP STATICHTML\" -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res915724766\" class=\"bucketwrap statichtml\">\n\u003cp id=\"responsive-embed-wildfires-county-breakdown-20200922\" data-pym-loader=\"\" data-child-src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfires-county-breakdown-20200922/\">Loading…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\">https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>NPR’s analysis looked at air quality on days from July to January of each year, specifically focusing on small inhalable particles that can lodge deep in the lungs and be harmful to humans. An EPA spokesperson said this kind of pollutant, known as PM2.5, is the most likely culprit found in the air from wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA publishes data going back to 1980, though much of the earlier data is missing information about PM2.5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the warming climate \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/28/905622947/everything-is-unprecedented-welcome-to-your-hotter-earth\">has lengthened\u003c/a> the fire season, some places, especially in California, have grown accustomed to the related air quality problems. But the intensity and spread of this year’s fires also brought dangerous smoke to big cities such as Seattle and\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912701172/its-a-bit-surreal-oregon-fights-smoke-from-record-wildfires-during-a-pandemic\"> Portland\u003c/a>, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 17 million people — the most ever recorded during fire season — live in counties where air quality reached levels deemed “very unhealthy” or “hazardous.” This is the range where the EPA says \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-data-basic-information\">everyone may be at risk for serious health effects\u003c/a>, and they recommend children, older people and those with lung disease avoid any outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, it wasn’t just a short-term inconvenience. The very unhealthy air lingered for an average of 4.1 days this year, more than twice as long as the average over the previous decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the readings were higher than the EPA’s own scale. Marion County, home to Oregon’s capital, Salem, hit an air quality index of 710 on Sept. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, 36 counties in Washington, Oregon and California experienced very unhealthy air quality due to particulate matter during wildfire season for the first time ever recorded, including Multnomah County, Oregon, where Portland is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate health effects of living in and breathing wildfire smoke are well-known to the medical community and obvious to anyone who’s been exposed: Eyes sting, throats tighten, snot can turn black. Smoke pollution can raise heart rates and exacerbate respiratory problems such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent research even suggests smoke exposure could lead to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.mtpr.org/post/wildfire-smoke-could-intensify-spread-deadliness-covid-19-researchers-say\">increased risk \u003c/a>of getting COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much less is known about possible health effects after the smoke clears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not well studied because this has become more of a phenomenon in the last decade, where we’ve had these major fires across the world,” says Dr. Karthik Mahadevan, a pulmonologist in Springfield, Oregon, who saw a spike of respiratory calls during last week’s heavy smoke. “We don’t know what the long-term impacts are going to be for our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Nathan Rott contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=1+In+7+Americans+Have+Experienced+Dangerous+Air+Quality+Due+To+Wildfires+This+Year+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires near cities have become commonplace in the Western United States, but this year the reach and intensity of the dangerous air pollution they produce has been the worst on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Americans in populous, urban areas endured smoke for longer than previous years. Some places experienced very unhealthy or hazardous air from wildfires for the first time ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An NPR analysis of \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-quality-index-daily-values-report\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air quality data\u003c/a> found that nearly 50 million people in California, Oregon and Washington live in counties that experienced at least one day of “unhealthy” or worse air quality during wildfire season so far this year. That’s 1 in 7 Americans, an increase of more than 9 million people compared with 2018, the worst previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this year’s wildfire season is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res915724523\" class=\"bucketwrap statichtml\">\n\u003cp id=\"responsive-embed-wildfire-waffle-20200917\" data-pym-loader=\"\" data-child-src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfire-waffle-20200917/\">Loading…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\">https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- END ID=\"RES915724523\" CLASS=\"BUCKETWRAP STATICHTML\" -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res915724766\" class=\"bucketwrap statichtml\">\n\u003cp id=\"responsive-embed-wildfires-county-breakdown-20200922\" data-pym-loader=\"\" data-child-src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfires-county-breakdown-20200922/\">Loading…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\">https://pym.nprapps.org/npr-pym-loader.v2.min.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>NPR’s analysis looked at air quality on days from July to January of each year, specifically focusing on small inhalable particles that can lodge deep in the lungs and be harmful to humans. An EPA spokesperson said this kind of pollutant, known as PM2.5, is the most likely culprit found in the air from wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA publishes data going back to 1980, though much of the earlier data is missing information about PM2.5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the warming climate \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/28/905622947/everything-is-unprecedented-welcome-to-your-hotter-earth\">has lengthened\u003c/a> the fire season, some places, especially in California, have grown accustomed to the related air quality problems. But the intensity and spread of this year’s fires also brought dangerous smoke to big cities such as Seattle and\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912701172/its-a-bit-surreal-oregon-fights-smoke-from-record-wildfires-during-a-pandemic\"> Portland\u003c/a>, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 17 million people — the most ever recorded during fire season — live in counties where air quality reached levels deemed “very unhealthy” or “hazardous.” This is the range where the EPA says \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-data-basic-information\">everyone may be at risk for serious health effects\u003c/a>, and they recommend children, older people and those with lung disease avoid any outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, it wasn’t just a short-term inconvenience. The very unhealthy air lingered for an average of 4.1 days this year, more than twice as long as the average over the previous decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the readings were higher than the EPA’s own scale. Marion County, home to Oregon’s capital, Salem, hit an air quality index of 710 on Sept. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, 36 counties in Washington, Oregon and California experienced very unhealthy air quality due to particulate matter during wildfire season for the first time ever recorded, including Multnomah County, Oregon, where Portland is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immediate health effects of living in and breathing wildfire smoke are well-known to the medical community and obvious to anyone who’s been exposed: Eyes sting, throats tighten, snot can turn black. Smoke pollution can raise heart rates and exacerbate respiratory problems such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent research even suggests smoke exposure could lead to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.mtpr.org/post/wildfire-smoke-could-intensify-spread-deadliness-covid-19-researchers-say\">increased risk \u003c/a>of getting COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much less is known about possible health effects after the smoke clears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not well studied because this has become more of a phenomenon in the last decade, where we’ve had these major fires across the world,” says Dr. Karthik Mahadevan, a pulmonologist in Springfield, Oregon, who saw a spike of respiratory calls during last week’s heavy smoke. “We don’t know what the long-term impacts are going to be for our patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Nathan Rott contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=1+In+7+Americans+Have+Experienced+Dangerous+Air+Quality+Due+To+Wildfires+This+Year+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Newsom Directs California to End Sales of New Gas-Powered Cars and Trucks | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California will halt sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks by 2035, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced Wednesday, a move he says will cut greenhouse gas emissions by 35% in the nation’s most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]The executive order would not ban people from owning gas-powered cars or selling them on the used car market. But it would end the sales of all new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks in the state by 2035.[/pullquote]The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9.23.2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> would not ban people from owning gas-powered cars or selling them on the used car market. But it would end the sales of all new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks in the state of nearly 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s order directs the California Air Resources Board to develop and approve regulations to meet the deadline, requiring “increasing volumes of new zero-emission vehicles sold in the state” until the 100% target in 2035. The governor also ordered the board to make a rule requiring that all medium and heavy-duty trucks be 100% zero-emission by 2045, “where feasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pull away from the gas pumps,” Newsom said at a press conference. “Let us no longer be victims of geopolitical dictators that manipulate global supply chains and global markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and the roughly dozen states that follow its lead on auto emissions standards make up a significant part of the U.S. auto market, giving the day’s move huge potential impact for the U.S. automobile industry as well as for long-term efforts against pollution and climate change, which is driven by fossil-fuel emissions. It also is likely to meet opposition from President Trump, who wants to roll back tougher Obama-era auto emissions standards and is battling California to force it to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Newsom’s announcement, the White House signaled its displeasure with the move. Administration spokesman Judd Deere said Newsom’s order will hurt the economy and is “yet another example of how extreme the left has become. They want the government to dictate every aspect of every Americans’ life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch today’s announcement and press conference with Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/yEkGlJWu864?t=897\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has rules mandating that a certain percentage of new car sales be electric or zero-emission vehicles. The new rule, if implemented, would make California the first U.S. state with a plan to phase them out completely. The state has a goal of relying 100% on clean, renewable energy by 2045. Gasoline and diesel-powered cars and trucks are the biggest impediment to reaching that target, as they account for more than half of the state’s carbon pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 15 other countries, including Germany, France and Norway, have made similar commitments to eliminating gas-powered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the directive on cars and trucks, Newsom ordered state agencies to speed up development of charging stations across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate all the new electric vehicles, California will certainly need to install many more charging stations, especially in places where people work, says Michael Wara, director of Stanford’s Climate and Energy Policy Program. The state should incentivize people to charge their cars during the day, he says, when solar energy is most abundant, and not at night, which is usually more convenient but will draw on more nonrenewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can accomplish that goal, managing grid stability will not be a challenge,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While implementation of the order would help reduce pollution, says Fraser Shilling, co-director of the Road Ecology Center at UC Davis, production of all the new electric vehicles would still consume a significant amount of energy, including from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric vehicles have their own carbon footprint,” he said. “The popular thing from an environmental point of view is to say, ‘This is great, this will help us deal with climate change because we’re reducing gasoline and diesel burning vehicles on roads. But it’s also important to keep our eye on the ball that not all of transportation’s impacts on the environment are solved by electrification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Bozzella, president of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, an industry group, said in a statement that while car companies are “committed to expanding vehicle electrification … neither mandates nor bans build successful markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s executive order “will require increased infrastructure, incentives, fleet requirements, building codes, and much more,” Bozzella said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Caldwell, executive director of insights at the Edmunds.com auto pricing site, said Newsom’s announcement “does seem like this is a significant shot fired against” the internal combustion engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expects the California announcement to trigger high-level meetings at all the auto companies that were moving toward electric vehicles but didn’t expect a zero-emissions mandate in 15 years. Automakers may have to rethink manufacturing and capital spending plans because of the requirement, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gas Vehicles Still Dominate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has more electric vehicles on the road than any other state, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal data\u003c/a>, and Newsom said half of all U.S. electric cars are driven here. In the first quarter of 2020, an electric car, the Tesla Model 3, was the top selling new car model in California for the first time, edging out the Honda Civic, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cncda.org/wp-content/uploads/Cal-Covering-1Q-20-REVISED.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California New Car Dealers Association.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the gains, combustion engines in cars and trucks still dominate the state’s highways and roads. California registered 99,704 new electric cars and trucks in 2019, which was 5.3% of the market, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cncda.org/wp-content/uploads/Cal-Covering-4Q-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according\u003c/a> to the car dealer association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://apnews.com/fd8f133957b8e6675035f41025635510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://apnews.com/fd8f133957b8e6675035f41025635510\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">stopped\u003c/a> offering rebates for buyers of electric cars or plug-in hybrid vehicles that cost more than $60,000. State air regulators also reduced the standard rebate by $500 per vehicle, from $2,500 to $2,000 for all-electric cars. In addition, it eliminated rebates for plug-in hybrid cars with an electric-battery range of less than 35 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked what incentives he plans for encouraging Californians to buy electric cars, Newsom said the state would continue “the tried and true policies” of encouraging adoption through credits, vouchers and rebates. He said electric vehicle use has “grown exponentially,” with “more models, more choice for consumers. The cost is beginning to decline, and we’re just a few years away from parity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Wednesday, Newsom called on the Legislature to eliminate new fracking licenses by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is a technique that allows energy companies to extract huge volumes of oil and gas from shale rock deep underground. It involves injecting high-pressure mixtures of water, sand or gravel and chemicals into rock. Fracking opponents say the chemicals involved threaten water supplies and public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kassie Siegel, director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute, called Newsom’s order “a big step,” but said it “provided rhetoric rather than real action on the other critical half of the climate problem — California’s dirty oil production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Newsom can’t claim climate leadership while handing out permits to oil companies to drill and frack,” she said. “He has the power to protect Californians from oil industry pollution, and he needs to use it, not pass the buck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order comes as massive wildfires have burned a record 5,600 square miles (14,500 square kilometers) in California this year. Experts say the size and intensity of the fires are aided by warmer temperatures and years of drought brought on by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California will halt sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks by 2035, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced Wednesday, a move he says will cut greenhouse gas emissions by 35% in the state.",
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"description": "California will halt sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks by 2035, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced Wednesday, a move he says will cut greenhouse gas emissions by 35% in the state.",
"title": "Newsom Directs California to End Sales of New Gas-Powered Cars and Trucks | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California will halt sales of new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks by 2035, Gov. Gavin Newsom announced Wednesday, a move he says will cut greenhouse gas emissions by 35% in the nation’s most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "The executive order would not ban people from owning gas-powered cars or selling them on the used car market. But it would end the sales of all new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks in the state by 2035.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9.23.2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a> would not ban people from owning gas-powered cars or selling them on the used car market. But it would end the sales of all new gasoline-powered passenger cars and trucks in the state of nearly 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s order directs the California Air Resources Board to develop and approve regulations to meet the deadline, requiring “increasing volumes of new zero-emission vehicles sold in the state” until the 100% target in 2035. The governor also ordered the board to make a rule requiring that all medium and heavy-duty trucks be 100% zero-emission by 2045, “where feasible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pull away from the gas pumps,” Newsom said at a press conference. “Let us no longer be victims of geopolitical dictators that manipulate global supply chains and global markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and the roughly dozen states that follow its lead on auto emissions standards make up a significant part of the U.S. auto market, giving the day’s move huge potential impact for the U.S. automobile industry as well as for long-term efforts against pollution and climate change, which is driven by fossil-fuel emissions. It also is likely to meet opposition from President Trump, who wants to roll back tougher Obama-era auto emissions standards and is battling California to force it to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Newsom’s announcement, the White House signaled its displeasure with the move. Administration spokesman Judd Deere said Newsom’s order will hurt the economy and is “yet another example of how extreme the left has become. They want the government to dictate every aspect of every Americans’ life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch today’s announcement and press conference with Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEkGlJWu864'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yEkGlJWu864'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>California already has rules mandating that a certain percentage of new car sales be electric or zero-emission vehicles. The new rule, if implemented, would make California the first U.S. state with a plan to phase them out completely. The state has a goal of relying 100% on clean, renewable energy by 2045. Gasoline and diesel-powered cars and trucks are the biggest impediment to reaching that target, as they account for more than half of the state’s carbon pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 15 other countries, including Germany, France and Norway, have made similar commitments to eliminating gas-powered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the directive on cars and trucks, Newsom ordered state agencies to speed up development of charging stations across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accommodate all the new electric vehicles, California will certainly need to install many more charging stations, especially in places where people work, says Michael Wara, director of Stanford’s Climate and Energy Policy Program. The state should incentivize people to charge their cars during the day, he says, when solar energy is most abundant, and not at night, which is usually more convenient but will draw on more nonrenewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can accomplish that goal, managing grid stability will not be a challenge,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While implementation of the order would help reduce pollution, says Fraser Shilling, co-director of the Road Ecology Center at UC Davis, production of all the new electric vehicles would still consume a significant amount of energy, including from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric vehicles have their own carbon footprint,” he said. “The popular thing from an environmental point of view is to say, ‘This is great, this will help us deal with climate change because we’re reducing gasoline and diesel burning vehicles on roads. But it’s also important to keep our eye on the ball that not all of transportation’s impacts on the environment are solved by electrification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Bozzella, president of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, an industry group, said in a statement that while car companies are “committed to expanding vehicle electrification … neither mandates nor bans build successful markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s executive order “will require increased infrastructure, incentives, fleet requirements, building codes, and much more,” Bozzella said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Caldwell, executive director of insights at the Edmunds.com auto pricing site, said Newsom’s announcement “does seem like this is a significant shot fired against” the internal combustion engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She expects the California announcement to trigger high-level meetings at all the auto companies that were moving toward electric vehicles but didn’t expect a zero-emissions mandate in 15 years. Automakers may have to rethink manufacturing and capital spending plans because of the requirement, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gas Vehicles Still Dominate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has more electric vehicles on the road than any other state, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal data\u003c/a>, and Newsom said half of all U.S. electric cars are driven here. In the first quarter of 2020, an electric car, the Tesla Model 3, was the top selling new car model in California for the first time, edging out the Honda Civic, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cncda.org/wp-content/uploads/Cal-Covering-1Q-20-REVISED.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California New Car Dealers Association.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the gains, combustion engines in cars and trucks still dominate the state’s highways and roads. California registered 99,704 new electric cars and trucks in 2019, which was 5.3% of the market, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cncda.org/wp-content/uploads/Cal-Covering-4Q-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according\u003c/a> to the car dealer association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the state \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://apnews.com/fd8f133957b8e6675035f41025635510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://apnews.com/fd8f133957b8e6675035f41025635510\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">stopped\u003c/a> offering rebates for buyers of electric cars or plug-in hybrid vehicles that cost more than $60,000. State air regulators also reduced the standard rebate by $500 per vehicle, from $2,500 to $2,000 for all-electric cars. In addition, it eliminated rebates for plug-in hybrid cars with an electric-battery range of less than 35 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked what incentives he plans for encouraging Californians to buy electric cars, Newsom said the state would continue “the tried and true policies” of encouraging adoption through credits, vouchers and rebates. He said electric vehicle use has “grown exponentially,” with “more models, more choice for consumers. The cost is beginning to decline, and we’re just a few years away from parity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Wednesday, Newsom called on the Legislature to eliminate new fracking licenses by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is a technique that allows energy companies to extract huge volumes of oil and gas from shale rock deep underground. It involves injecting high-pressure mixtures of water, sand or gravel and chemicals into rock. Fracking opponents say the chemicals involved threaten water supplies and public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kassie Siegel, director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute, called Newsom’s order “a big step,” but said it “provided rhetoric rather than real action on the other critical half of the climate problem — California’s dirty oil production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Newsom can’t claim climate leadership while handing out permits to oil companies to drill and frack,” she said. “He has the power to protect Californians from oil industry pollution, and he needs to use it, not pass the buck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order comes as massive wildfires have burned a record 5,600 square miles (14,500 square kilometers) in California this year. Experts say the size and intensity of the fires are aided by warmer temperatures and years of drought brought on by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "To Prevent California Wildfires, We Need to Have Some Uncomfortable Conversations",
"headTitle": "To Prevent California Wildfires, We Need to Have Some Uncomfortable Conversations | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The alarming wildfires across the West have got people thinking, once again, how to prevent or at least minimize the catastrophic fire seasons we’ve been experiencing. KQED science reporters\u003cstrong> Danielle Venton\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Molly Peterson\u003c/strong> talked with KQED radio host Brian Watt last week about what the state is and isn’t doing to lower fire risk and minimize the destruction caused by large fires. \u003c/span>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">You have been reporting for a while on some of the possible solutions to California’s wildfire problem, like prescribed burns …\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Molly Peterson\u003c/strong>: Right, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927354/controlled-burns-can-help-solve-californias-fire-problem-so-why-arent-there-more-of-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">idea\u003c/a> that we plan to put fire on the land safely [with the intent of burning up in advance the vegetation wildfires use for fuel.] I have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942299/onetime-enemies-over-logging-are-now-a-community-to-prevent-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> from Trinity County about people who want to do that, but they run into bureaucratic obstacles, and I’ve reported about the technical and safety reasons these burns get delayed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Danielle Venton:\u003c/strong> We have also talked about how to make buildings \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941685/this-california-neighborhood-was-built-to-survive-a-wildfire-and-it-worked\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">less flammable\u003c/a>, and about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clearing space\u003c/a> around them to slow an advancing fire.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>But you’ve talked about these things for years, and it feels like not as much of it’s getting done as we need.\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: That’s exactly the problem. One example: In the early 2000s, up until 2017, an average of just 13,000 acres were intentionally burned in the state every year. In 2018, new laws were passed to try to make prescribed burns easier, and 87,000 acres were burned that year. But scientists believe we need to increase that amount by at least five times. So there’s a long way to go. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: Another example: In 2008, lawmakers passed this transformative set of requirements that has saved houses from big fires in Santa Rosa and Paradise. But 12 years later, houses built before that law still sit in the path of these monster fires, and we’re still not doing for fires what we do for earthquake risk, which is expand requirements and spend money on retrofitting. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: Overall, we do see the state spending more money on fires, but experts say it’s not enough to do what they recommend. And it’s a sign that we’re not changing our mindset about fires dramatically enough.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the state doing?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: The ideas for legislation have fallen into a few categories. One big one is tightening requirements on new buildings and raising money for fixing old ones, and another is improving how we estimate and plan for risk in wildfire zones. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: Several bills worth mentioning have arrived on the governor’s desk in the past week. One requires ember-resistant zones around homes in high fire-risk areas. Another requires Cal Fire to develop a model to better estimate the wildfire risk for communities in the wildland-urban interface. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: Laws to tighten accountability for planning are also on the agenda. On the governor’s desk right now is a bill from Santa Barbara state Sen. Hannah Beth-Jackson, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB182\u003c/a>. If it becomes law, it would limit how local government can approve development in very-high-risk fire zones, depending on how fire risk is managed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Too many lives have been lost,” Jackson has said. “Too many communities have been left behind by these deadly wildfires to allow us to continue with business as usual in California.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She says a lot of communities are making decisions on their own right now, and what she’s advocating for are consistent statewide standards.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">While that bill’s on the governor’s desk, overall it seems like the state of California is still deciding whose responsibility it is to be ready for fire. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Let’s talk about what’s \u003cem>not\u003c/em> being talked about. What’s missing from the conversation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: I think what’s missing is we get hung up on talking about these really specific details, and we often don’t talk about the whole picture, the causes and the solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: Something I’ve been frustrated by is this polarization of whether it’s climate change or forest management that’s causing these catastrophic fires. It’s both, of course, and more. Focusing on this debate means that we’re not doing the important things, like adapting to climate change and finding a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/livingwithwildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">live with fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: I’m a fourth-generation Californian, but I used to live in Louisiana, after Katrina. After that, I can’t help but wonder whether we should talk about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not living\u003c/a> in some places. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Even if we do everything that the scientists advise us to \u003ci>— \u003c/i>like UC Santa Barbara’s Max Moritz talks about putting firebreaks and vegetation around communities and the wildland urban areas, and spending all this money to harden homes \u003ci>—\u003c/i> are there places in the state that we shouldn’t live, for our own safety? I don’t know the answer to that. Even asking the question is something you’re not supposed to do. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: And I think we really need to reconsider the balance of responsibility in this state. A huge weight is put on local authorities, who are often asked to do more and more by the state and by the public without additional funding. Local authorities then sometimes say it’s got to be neighbors helping neighbors during rough times, and some people, especially the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968076/even-after-care-homes-abandoned-residents-california-still-isnt-ready-for-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vulnerable\u003c/a>, get left out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: Everyone in California has property rights. To really understand property rights, though, we also have to report on how much it costs to defend property and how much it costs to insure it and how some of those costs are shared by the public. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: In the end, this is all about compromise and trade-offs. To give a specific example, people frequently complain about smoke in the air due to managed burns, but we know that this smoke is less intense, less toxic and easier to manage than out-of-control fires, like the ones we’ve been seeing in the Bay Area.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: I think the biggest thing we don’t talk about is giving up local control. Wildfires are effectively a statewide problem, and often that requires statewide solutions, like the ones we’ve adopted for earthquake risk. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: And when we don’t talk publicly about whether to do things locally or at the state level, those decisions are getting made in private markets by insurers. So not talking about the decision is still basically making a decision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "KQED Science reporters Danielle Venton and Molly Peterson discuss what the state is and, maybe more importantly, isn't doing to lower fire risk and minimize the destruction caused by large fires.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The alarming wildfires across the West have got people thinking, once again, how to prevent or at least minimize the catastrophic fire seasons we’ve been experiencing. KQED science reporters\u003cstrong> Danielle Venton\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Molly Peterson\u003c/strong> talked with KQED radio host Brian Watt last week about what the state is and isn’t doing to lower fire risk and minimize the destruction caused by large fires. \u003c/span>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">You have been reporting for a while on some of the possible solutions to California’s wildfire problem, like prescribed burns …\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Molly Peterson\u003c/strong>: Right, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927354/controlled-burns-can-help-solve-californias-fire-problem-so-why-arent-there-more-of-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">idea\u003c/a> that we plan to put fire on the land safely [with the intent of burning up in advance the vegetation wildfires use for fuel.] I have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942299/onetime-enemies-over-logging-are-now-a-community-to-prevent-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> from Trinity County about people who want to do that, but they run into bureaucratic obstacles, and I’ve reported about the technical and safety reasons these burns get delayed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Danielle Venton:\u003c/strong> We have also talked about how to make buildings \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941685/this-california-neighborhood-was-built-to-survive-a-wildfire-and-it-worked\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">less flammable\u003c/a>, and about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clearing space\u003c/a> around them to slow an advancing fire.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>But you’ve talked about these things for years, and it feels like not as much of it’s getting done as we need.\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: That’s exactly the problem. One example: In the early 2000s, up until 2017, an average of just 13,000 acres were intentionally burned in the state every year. In 2018, new laws were passed to try to make prescribed burns easier, and 87,000 acres were burned that year. But scientists believe we need to increase that amount by at least five times. So there’s a long way to go. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: Another example: In 2008, lawmakers passed this transformative set of requirements that has saved houses from big fires in Santa Rosa and Paradise. But 12 years later, houses built before that law still sit in the path of these monster fires, and we’re still not doing for fires what we do for earthquake risk, which is expand requirements and spend money on retrofitting. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: Overall, we do see the state spending more money on fires, but experts say it’s not enough to do what they recommend. And it’s a sign that we’re not changing our mindset about fires dramatically enough.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> the state doing?\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: The ideas for legislation have fallen into a few categories. One big one is tightening requirements on new buildings and raising money for fixing old ones, and another is improving how we estimate and plan for risk in wildfire zones. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: Several bills worth mentioning have arrived on the governor’s desk in the past week. One requires ember-resistant zones around homes in high fire-risk areas. Another requires Cal Fire to develop a model to better estimate the wildfire risk for communities in the wildland-urban interface. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: Laws to tighten accountability for planning are also on the agenda. On the governor’s desk right now is a bill from Santa Barbara state Sen. Hannah Beth-Jackson, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB182\u003c/a>. If it becomes law, it would limit how local government can approve development in very-high-risk fire zones, depending on how fire risk is managed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Too many lives have been lost,” Jackson has said. “Too many communities have been left behind by these deadly wildfires to allow us to continue with business as usual in California.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She says a lot of communities are making decisions on their own right now, and what she’s advocating for are consistent statewide standards.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">While that bill’s on the governor’s desk, overall it seems like the state of California is still deciding whose responsibility it is to be ready for fire. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Let’s talk about what’s \u003cem>not\u003c/em> being talked about. What’s missing from the conversation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: I think what’s missing is we get hung up on talking about these really specific details, and we often don’t talk about the whole picture, the causes and the solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: Something I’ve been frustrated by is this polarization of whether it’s climate change or forest management that’s causing these catastrophic fires. It’s both, of course, and more. Focusing on this debate means that we’re not doing the important things, like adapting to climate change and finding a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/livingwithwildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">live with fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: I’m a fourth-generation Californian, but I used to live in Louisiana, after Katrina. After that, I can’t help but wonder whether we should talk about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not living\u003c/a> in some places. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Even if we do everything that the scientists advise us to \u003ci>— \u003c/i>like UC Santa Barbara’s Max Moritz talks about putting firebreaks and vegetation around communities and the wildland urban areas, and spending all this money to harden homes \u003ci>—\u003c/i> are there places in the state that we shouldn’t live, for our own safety? I don’t know the answer to that. Even asking the question is something you’re not supposed to do. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: And I think we really need to reconsider the balance of responsibility in this state. A huge weight is put on local authorities, who are often asked to do more and more by the state and by the public without additional funding. Local authorities then sometimes say it’s got to be neighbors helping neighbors during rough times, and some people, especially the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968076/even-after-care-homes-abandoned-residents-california-still-isnt-ready-for-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vulnerable\u003c/a>, get left out. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: Everyone in California has property rights. To really understand property rights, though, we also have to report on how much it costs to defend property and how much it costs to insure it and how some of those costs are shared by the public. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: In the end, this is all about compromise and trade-offs. To give a specific example, people frequently complain about smoke in the air due to managed burns, but we know that this smoke is less intense, less toxic and easier to manage than out-of-control fires, like the ones we’ve been seeing in the Bay Area.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Venton\u003c/strong>: I think the biggest thing we don’t talk about is giving up local control. Wildfires are effectively a statewide problem, and often that requires statewide solutions, like the ones we’ve adopted for earthquake risk. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cstrong>Peterson\u003c/strong>: And when we don’t talk publicly about whether to do things locally or at the state level, those decisions are getting made in private markets by insurers. So not talking about the decision is still basically making a decision.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Bay Area Air Quality Improves as Northern California's 'Smokestorm' Finally Eases",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Air Quality Improves as Northern California’s ‘Smokestorm’ Finally Eases | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Millions of Bay Area residents have been living under hazy skies, breathing dense, smoky and frequently hazardous air. Now, the “smokestorm,” as some weather experts have \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">dubbed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the choking fog of particulate matter blanketing the region this past week, could be coming to an end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Or at least a much needed intermission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air in the Bay Area is starting to gradually improve after ranging from “unhealthy for sensitive groups” to “hazardous” across the region. Despite the clearer conditions, a Bay Area Air Quality Management District Spare the Air Alert will run through Wednesday, marking a record 30 consecutive days of poor to terrible air quality. The conditions have made outdoor activity potentially dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">On Tuesday, for the first time in almost a week, air district monitors displayed readings in the moderate, or yellow, range, and satellite images showed visibly lower smoke concentrations for large portions of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The winds have cleared out some of the lingering smoke,” said Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the air district. “Air quality is showing some improvements faster than we anticipated, but there’s still smoke off the ocean, and that’s lingering there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1305941692210581505?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“We anticipate continuing unhealthy conditions in parts of the Bay Area today,” he said. “Although Sonoma and Marin counties, they are going to enjoy some of the cleanest air quality.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">The National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?afos=afdmtr&wfo=mtr&new\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">forecasts\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a “gradual decrease” in smoke throughout the day as winds pick up from a low pressure system churning in the eastern Pacific. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"s5\">\u003cbr>\nCindy Palmer, a \u003c/span>meteorologist with the service, says winds from the early-season storm could push wildfire smoke out of the region by Thursday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“There is still smoke out over the Pacific,” she said. “But we are coming — I don’t want to say quite to the back edge of it yet, because I can still see smoke out there — but it is definitely less in concentration from at least the appearance from satellite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The reprieve may be short-lived, however, as the winds could kick up the August Complex and North Complex fires burning in Northern California, and a high pressure system could bring more smoke over the weekend, Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ezraromero/status/1305662218135109633?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Millions of Bay Area residents have been living under hazy skies, breathing dense, smoky and frequently hazardous air. Now, the “smokestorm,” as some weather experts have \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">dubbed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the choking fog of particulate matter blanketing the region this past week, could be coming to an end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Or at least a much needed intermission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air in the Bay Area is starting to gradually improve after ranging from “unhealthy for sensitive groups” to “hazardous” across the region. Despite the clearer conditions, a Bay Area Air Quality Management District Spare the Air Alert will run through Wednesday, marking a record 30 consecutive days of poor to terrible air quality. The conditions have made outdoor activity potentially dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">On Tuesday, for the first time in almost a week, air district monitors displayed readings in the moderate, or yellow, range, and satellite images showed visibly lower smoke concentrations for large portions of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The winds have cleared out some of the lingering smoke,” said Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the air district. “Air quality is showing some improvements faster than we anticipated, but there’s still smoke off the ocean, and that’s lingering there.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“We anticipate continuing unhealthy conditions in parts of the Bay Area today,” he said. “Although Sonoma and Marin counties, they are going to enjoy some of the cleanest air quality.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">The National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?afos=afdmtr&wfo=mtr&new\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">forecasts\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a “gradual decrease” in smoke throughout the day as winds pick up from a low pressure system churning in the eastern Pacific. \u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"s5\">\u003cbr>\nCindy Palmer, a \u003c/span>meteorologist with the service, says winds from the early-season storm could push wildfire smoke out of the region by Thursday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“There is still smoke out over the Pacific,” she said. “But we are coming — I don’t want to say quite to the back edge of it yet, because I can still see smoke out there — but it is definitely less in concentration from at least the appearance from satellite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The reprieve may be short-lived, however, as the winds could kick up the August Complex and North Complex fires burning in Northern California, and a high pressure system could bring more smoke over the weekend, Palmer said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Biden Says California's Devastating Wildfires Show the 'Fury of Climate Change'",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HReBiqgDfQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The fires burning California forests, the storms battering the coast of Florida and the droughts damaging wheat fields across the Midwest show the “fury of climate change everywhere, all this year and right now,” said Joe Biden on Monday in wide-ranging remarks on the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a livestreamed speech from Wilmington, Delaware, Biden detailed how California’s record wildfire year is the latest example of extreme weather events touching all regions of the country driven by global heating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The last 10 years were the hottest decade ever recorded,” he said. “The arctic is literally melting. Parks are actually on fire. And what we are seeing in America and in our communities is connected to this.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden tied this message to his central critique of President Donald Trump, saying his administration has abdicated leadership on climate change — just as he charged Trump did with the worst pandemic in a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“These interlocking crises of our time require action, not denial, require leadership, not scapegoating,” Biden said. “It requires the president to meet the threshold duty of the office, to care for everyone, to defend us from every attack seen and unseen, always and without exception.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the deal,” he continued. “Hurricanes don’t swerve to avoid red states and blue states, wildfires don’t skip towns that voted a certain way. The impacts of climate change don’t pick and choose. That’s because it’s not a partisan phenomenon. It’s science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But like with our federal response to COVID-19, the lack of a national strategy on climate change overall leaves us with a patchwork of solutions,” Biden said. “Matter of fact, it’s been made worse by the changes this administration has made.”\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nBiden made his remarks a short time before Trump landed at Sacramento McClellan Airport to receive a briefing from Gov. Gavin Newsom. California wildfires have burned more than 3.2 million acres, 4,200 buildings and homes and took the lives of 24 people this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 28 major wildfires are still burning across the state, and the air quality in the Bay Area has been dirtied by wildfire smoke for four straight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters in front of Air Force One, Trump deflected a question from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/1KatieOrr/status/1305638334639857664?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED’s Katie Orr\u003c/a> about the role climate change has played in California’s fires, repeating his well-worn assertion that all California needs to do is manage its forest lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“\u003c/i>There has to be good, strong forest management, which I’ve been talking about for three years with the state,” Trump said. “So, hopefully they’ll start doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Trump did not mention that the U.S Forest Service and other federal authorities manage 57% of California’s forests. Trump refuses to acknowledge that climate change exists and has rolled back policies meant to combat warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">It’s true that big fires in California have been stoked by a century of fire suppression that has loaded the state’s forests with fuel. But that vegetation is baking in arid, dry temperatures driven by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Many of California’s largest wildfires in recorded history have occurred in the last decade, with five of the state’s 20 largest fires burning this year, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/daily-wildfire-report/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">Cal Fire\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an introductory session of UC Berkeley’s fall fire science seminar \u003ca href=\"https://frg.berkeley.edu/california-fire-science-seminar-series/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">series\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Crystal Kolden, a fire scientist at UC Merced, detailed the many different ways that climate change has exacerbated wildfire conditions in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“It is the incident of drought,” she said, during remarks last week. “It is associated with some of the beetles that are also contributing to vegetation mortality. And then, of course, what we’ve seen this year — and other recent years where we’ve had large events and fatal events — is extreme fire weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“The frequency of those things and the magnitude of those things has all been pretty clearly and demonstrably linked to anthropogenic climate change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Summer forest fires are pushing up the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">annual burn rates \u003c/span>\u003c/a>across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has seen a five-fold increase in areas that burn in any given year, with an eight-fold increase in summer forest fires, according to research conducted last year by scientists at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">That \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a> suggests hot weather is drying out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, and the warming temperatures are leading to a steep rise in acres burned every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Millions of Californians have moved into forested areas in recent years. These people — and the power lines and infrastructure that support their communities — are igniting an increasing number of fires.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2HReBiqgDfQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2HReBiqgDfQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">The fires burning California forests, the storms battering the coast of Florida and the droughts damaging wheat fields across the Midwest show the “fury of climate change everywhere, all this year and right now,” said Joe Biden on Monday in wide-ranging remarks on the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a livestreamed speech from Wilmington, Delaware, Biden detailed how California’s record wildfire year is the latest example of extreme weather events touching all regions of the country driven by global heating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The last 10 years were the hottest decade ever recorded,” he said. “The arctic is literally melting. Parks are actually on fire. And what we are seeing in America and in our communities is connected to this.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden tied this message to his central critique of President Donald Trump, saying his administration has abdicated leadership on climate change — just as he charged Trump did with the worst pandemic in a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“These interlocking crises of our time require action, not denial, require leadership, not scapegoating,” Biden said. “It requires the president to meet the threshold duty of the office, to care for everyone, to defend us from every attack seen and unseen, always and without exception.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the deal,” he continued. “Hurricanes don’t swerve to avoid red states and blue states, wildfires don’t skip towns that voted a certain way. The impacts of climate change don’t pick and choose. That’s because it’s not a partisan phenomenon. It’s science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But like with our federal response to COVID-19, the lack of a national strategy on climate change overall leaves us with a patchwork of solutions,” Biden said. “Matter of fact, it’s been made worse by the changes this administration has made.”\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nBiden made his remarks a short time before Trump landed at Sacramento McClellan Airport to receive a briefing from Gov. Gavin Newsom. California wildfires have burned more than 3.2 million acres, 4,200 buildings and homes and took the lives of 24 people this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 28 major wildfires are still burning across the state, and the air quality in the Bay Area has been dirtied by wildfire smoke for four straight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters in front of Air Force One, Trump deflected a question from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/1KatieOrr/status/1305638334639857664?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED’s Katie Orr\u003c/a> about the role climate change has played in California’s fires, repeating his well-worn assertion that all California needs to do is manage its forest lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“\u003c/i>There has to be good, strong forest management, which I’ve been talking about for three years with the state,” Trump said. “So, hopefully they’ll start doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Trump did not mention that the U.S Forest Service and other federal authorities manage 57% of California’s forests. Trump refuses to acknowledge that climate change exists and has rolled back policies meant to combat warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">It’s true that big fires in California have been stoked by a century of fire suppression that has loaded the state’s forests with fuel. But that vegetation is baking in arid, dry temperatures driven by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Many of California’s largest wildfires in recorded history have occurred in the last decade, with five of the state’s 20 largest fires burning this year, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/daily-wildfire-report/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">Cal Fire\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an introductory session of UC Berkeley’s fall fire science seminar \u003ca href=\"https://frg.berkeley.edu/california-fire-science-seminar-series/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">series\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Crystal Kolden, a fire scientist at UC Merced, detailed the many different ways that climate change has exacerbated wildfire conditions in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“It is the incident of drought,” she said, during remarks last week. “It is associated with some of the beetles that are also contributing to vegetation mortality. And then, of course, what we’ve seen this year — and other recent years where we’ve had large events and fatal events — is extreme fire weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“The frequency of those things and the magnitude of those things has all been pretty clearly and demonstrably linked to anthropogenic climate change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Summer forest fires are pushing up the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">annual burn rates \u003c/span>\u003c/a>across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has seen a five-fold increase in areas that burn in any given year, with an eight-fold increase in summer forest fires, according to research conducted last year by scientists at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">That \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a> suggests hot weather is drying out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, and the warming temperatures are leading to a steep rise in acres burned every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Millions of Californians have moved into forested areas in recent years. These people — and the power lines and infrastructure that support their communities — are igniting an increasing number of fires.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Helping Kids Protect Themselves From Dirty Air, One DIY Filter at a Time",
"headTitle": "Helping Kids Protect Themselves From Dirty Air, One DIY Filter at a Time | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When the smoke clouds from the 2017 Northern California fires engulfed the Bay Area, Lil Milagro Henriquez found herself wrestling with one question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What can we teach young people about how to prepare for both our current reality, which is forest fires, as well as the escalating level of climate-related disasters that are guaranteed to come?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN AIR PURIFIER\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Materials:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A new, 20″ box fan (the cord should come out of the bottom, not the center)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A 20″ x 20″ MERV 12 or 13 furnace/HVAC filter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Heavy-duty tape (clear plastic or duct tape)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Steps:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Place the MERV filter on the back of the fan (the filter can be put on the front too, but it could stress the motor, experts say).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make sure the filter is facing the correct direction for air to flow through.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tape around the edges, making a seal between the box fan and the filter.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Cost: roughly $50[/pullquote]Her answer: founding the educational nonprofit\u003ca href=\"https://www.myceliumyouthnetwork.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Mycelium Youth Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization’s goal is to prepare Bay Area youth for the challenges they face on a warming planet, providing them with the tools they need to cope with climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mycelium works with all youth, Henriquez says, it prioritizes serving young people on the front lines. “Largely youth of color that are coming from low-income communities that are already under-resourced, already going through difficult environmental issues like water pollution or air pollution,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the coronavirus pandemic and subsequent sputtering economy have thrown deep societal inequities into stark relief, it’s clear that a disparity exists around resources to mitigate the effects of climate change and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As smoke once again blankets the Bay Area due to wildfires, those with wealth and connections may be able to flee to vacation homes, shelter with relatives, or outfit their homes with multiple air purifiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henriquez’s work targets people without those options. Mycelium Youth Network educators work in a handful of Oakland and San Francisco schools, teaching classes on confronting the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the courses is “Clean Air is a Right,” in which students receive instruction on how to make their own air purifiers out of a new box fan, a furnace/HVAC filter and tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These materials cost around $50; that’s less than you’d pay for commercial air purifiers, which can cost up to hundreds of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are these homemade purifiers effective?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works,” said \u003ca href=\"https://cires.colorado.edu/council-fellows/jose-luis-jimenez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jose-Luis Jimenez\u003c/a>, a professor of chemistry at the University of Colorado Boulder. He said the makeshift devices are “not rocket science,” and he’s been looking into how \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/how-to-diy-an-air-purifier/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Do-It-Yourself purifiers\u003c/a> can help filter air from both COVID-19 and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132317305498?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">peer-reviewed study\u003c/a> out of Singapore, which found similar DIY air filters removing around 75% of particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purifiers in that study pulled air from outside, something doctors and scientists recommend avoiding when thick wildfire smoke infiltrates indoors. Instead, they say, it’s better to keep the windows closed and to focus on cleaning the air that’s already in your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also more effective to clean the air in a limited area, says \u003ca href=\"https://wcec.ucdavis.edu/about/directory/theresa-pistochini/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Theresa Pistochini\u003c/a>, engineering manager at the UC Davis Energy Efficiency Institute and Western Cooling Efficiency Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want a smaller, enclosed space,” she said. “Like a bedroom that you’re trying to drop the smoke levels in. I mean, when it was really bad, a couple of us were sleeping in one room that we could manage to filter better,” she said, referring to her experience during the 2018 Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez and Pistochini both said that if you do make and use a DIY air purifier, there are a few things to keep in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Use a MERV 12 or 13 filter.\u003c/strong> “It matters what filters you use,” Jimenez said. While HEPA filters are the strongest, their thickness may cause the box fan to overheat or fail. On the other hand, you don’t want anything too flimsy, Jimenez says. “The MERV 13 is like a sweet spot in between. That’s a pretty good filter. But it doesn’t make that fan work so hard.” Placing the filter on the back of the fan reduces the filtration a little, but experts who have tested it say placing the filter on the front of the fan can tax the motor more.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Don’t leave the DIY purifier unattended.\u003c/strong> Jimenez and Pistochini both warn it could be a fire hazard if the fan gets too hot. Holmes, a make of box fans, says “Any other use not recommended by the manufacturer may cause fire, electric shock, or injury to persons.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Place the DIY purifier in the middle of the room.\u003c/strong> You’ll want to keep it at a height midway between the floor and the ceiling, according to Jimenez.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Don’t expect the DIY purifier to last too long: \u003c/strong> They’re meant as a short-term solution, for a few months or so. “You can use the filter until it’s visibly obstructed with smoke/dirt and then replace [it],” Pistochini said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Consult a doctor\u003c/strong> if you have lung or breathing challenges that may require more protection than what the DIY air purifier can provide.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Does having to create makeshift air purifiers sound a little bleak? Maybe. But Lil Milagro Henriquez of Mycelium Youth Network has a different perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more that we can do now, knowing what is coming, the better young people could actually be prepared,” she said. “They can then take that information and that knowledge and do what young people do best, which is be creative, be visionary, be innovative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968882\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968882 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/IMG_5296.jpg\" alt=\"An image publicizing Mycelium Youth Network's free online tutorial in how to make your own air purifier.\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/IMG_5296.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/IMG_5296-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image publicizing Mycelium Youth Network’s free online tutorial in how to make your own air purifier. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Lil Milagro Henriquez/Mycelium Youth Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN AIR PURIFIER\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Materials:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A new, 20″ box fan (the cord should come out of the bottom, not the center)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A 20″ x 20″ MERV 12 or 13 furnace/HVAC filter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Heavy-duty tape (clear plastic or duct tape)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Steps:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Place the MERV filter on the back of the fan (the filter can be put on the front too, but it could stress the motor, experts say).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make sure the filter is facing the correct direction for air to flow through.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Tape around the edges, making a seal between the box fan and the filter.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Cost: roughly $50",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Her answer: founding the educational nonprofit\u003ca href=\"https://www.myceliumyouthnetwork.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Mycelium Youth Network\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization’s goal is to prepare Bay Area youth for the challenges they face on a warming planet, providing them with the tools they need to cope with climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mycelium works with all youth, Henriquez says, it prioritizes serving young people on the front lines. “Largely youth of color that are coming from low-income communities that are already under-resourced, already going through difficult environmental issues like water pollution or air pollution,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the coronavirus pandemic and subsequent sputtering economy have thrown deep societal inequities into stark relief, it’s clear that a disparity exists around resources to mitigate the effects of climate change and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As smoke once again blankets the Bay Area due to wildfires, those with wealth and connections may be able to flee to vacation homes, shelter with relatives, or outfit their homes with multiple air purifiers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henriquez’s work targets people without those options. Mycelium Youth Network educators work in a handful of Oakland and San Francisco schools, teaching classes on confronting the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the courses is “Clean Air is a Right,” in which students receive instruction on how to make their own air purifiers out of a new box fan, a furnace/HVAC filter and tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These materials cost around $50; that’s less than you’d pay for commercial air purifiers, which can cost up to hundreds of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are these homemade purifiers effective?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works,” said \u003ca href=\"https://cires.colorado.edu/council-fellows/jose-luis-jimenez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jose-Luis Jimenez\u003c/a>, a professor of chemistry at the University of Colorado Boulder. He said the makeshift devices are “not rocket science,” and he’s been looking into how \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/blog/how-to-diy-an-air-purifier/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Do-It-Yourself purifiers\u003c/a> can help filter air from both COVID-19 and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132317305498?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">peer-reviewed study\u003c/a> out of Singapore, which found similar DIY air filters removing around 75% of particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The purifiers in that study pulled air from outside, something doctors and scientists recommend avoiding when thick wildfire smoke infiltrates indoors. Instead, they say, it’s better to keep the windows closed and to focus on cleaning the air that’s already in your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also more effective to clean the air in a limited area, says \u003ca href=\"https://wcec.ucdavis.edu/about/directory/theresa-pistochini/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Theresa Pistochini\u003c/a>, engineering manager at the UC Davis Energy Efficiency Institute and Western Cooling Efficiency Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want a smaller, enclosed space,” she said. “Like a bedroom that you’re trying to drop the smoke levels in. I mean, when it was really bad, a couple of us were sleeping in one room that we could manage to filter better,” she said, referring to her experience during the 2018 Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez and Pistochini both said that if you do make and use a DIY air purifier, there are a few things to keep in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Use a MERV 12 or 13 filter.\u003c/strong> “It matters what filters you use,” Jimenez said. While HEPA filters are the strongest, their thickness may cause the box fan to overheat or fail. On the other hand, you don’t want anything too flimsy, Jimenez says. “The MERV 13 is like a sweet spot in between. That’s a pretty good filter. But it doesn’t make that fan work so hard.” Placing the filter on the back of the fan reduces the filtration a little, but experts who have tested it say placing the filter on the front of the fan can tax the motor more.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Don’t leave the DIY purifier unattended.\u003c/strong> Jimenez and Pistochini both warn it could be a fire hazard if the fan gets too hot. Holmes, a make of box fans, says “Any other use not recommended by the manufacturer may cause fire, electric shock, or injury to persons.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Place the DIY purifier in the middle of the room.\u003c/strong> You’ll want to keep it at a height midway between the floor and the ceiling, according to Jimenez.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Don’t expect the DIY purifier to last too long: \u003c/strong> They’re meant as a short-term solution, for a few months or so. “You can use the filter until it’s visibly obstructed with smoke/dirt and then replace [it],” Pistochini said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Consult a doctor\u003c/strong> if you have lung or breathing challenges that may require more protection than what the DIY air purifier can provide.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Does having to create makeshift air purifiers sound a little bleak? Maybe. But Lil Milagro Henriquez of Mycelium Youth Network has a different perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more that we can do now, knowing what is coming, the better young people could actually be prepared,” she said. “They can then take that information and that knowledge and do what young people do best, which is be creative, be visionary, be innovative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968882\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968882 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/IMG_5296.jpg\" alt=\"An image publicizing Mycelium Youth Network's free online tutorial in how to make your own air purifier.\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/IMG_5296.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/IMG_5296-160x160.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image publicizing Mycelium Youth Network’s free online tutorial in how to make your own air purifier. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Lil Milagro Henriquez/Mycelium Youth Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How Climate Change Is Contributing to California's Bad Fire Seasons",
"headTitle": "How Climate Change Is Contributing to California’s Bad Fire Seasons | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Addressing the Democratic National Convention last week via a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqGJlDwqNcw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">cellphone video\u003c/span>\u003c/a> shot in a redwood forest around Santa Cruz, about a mile from the CZU Lightning Complex fire, Gov. Gavin Newsom said the series of conflagrations ripping through the state have the fingerprints of climate change all over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hots are getting hotter, the drys are getting drier. Climate change is real,” he said. “If you are in denial about climate change, come to California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DemConvention/status/1296614745374629889?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Daniel Swain\u003c/strong>, a climate scientist with UCLA and a prolific \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">chronicler \u003c/span>\u003c/a> of California’s increasingly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922847/wilder-weather-swings-in-californias-future-could-spell-disaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">wild weather\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, discussed the impact of climate change on wildfires on KQED’s Forum radio \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101879342/the-link-between-climate-change-and-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">program\u003c/a> on Tuesday. Swain and other scientists have conducted \u003cspan class=\"s1\">research\u003c/span> suggesting climate change is a key driver of more frequent wildfires in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some key points Swain made on the show, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>What’s different about this series of fires?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>Daniel Swain:\u003c/em> It’s not the total acreage burned that’s so astonishing. It’s the fact that it occurred in about a two-week period and just in Northern California. That’s a relatively small region in a very short period of time over which to see that kind of wildfire extent, even in a part of the world that has experienced quite severe wildfire activity over the past five or six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">What’s so surprising is how quickly the situation escalated. Often California sees its largest and fastest moving wildfires, especially in coastal areas, in the autumn, with offshore wind conditions \u003ci>—\u003c/i> the Diablo winds in the Bay Area and the Santa Ana winds in Southern California. In this case, there were no such offshore winds to speak of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>What has the effect of climate change been on California wildfires?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">My co-authors and I published a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab83a7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> recently focused on autumn fire risk in California and did indeed find that the number of extreme fire-weather days has already doubled due to climate change and is continuing to increase as warming continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">My same colleagues were involved in another study that came to the conclusion that there has been a very steep increase in the number of wildfire acres burned in California over the past several decades. And one of the key reasons for that is indeed the way the climate has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>How has climate contributed to these bad fire seasons?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate change has increased fire risk by increasing vegetation aridity \u003ci>—\u003c/i> what’s known as fuel moisture \u003ci>—\u003c/i> over time; meaning vegetation becomes more flammable. Increasingly, dry vegetation burns more intensely, creates more intense and larger fires, which spread more quickly and are harder to fight.\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">What’s so striking this year is that we had sort of this classic sequence of events that you might expect to lead to a bad fire season. It started out with the dry winter in Northern California and then a particularly warm spring. July was actually pretty typical, which is to say, relatively mild and dry. But then we came to August and things changed very quickly. We had a very prolonged record heat wave and that big lightning event. [Lightning strikes ignited the recent series of fires in Northern California.] And then on top of that we have the legacy of climate change with this long-term dryness in the vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">All the other factors that normally play into fire risk in California are still relevant. Obviously, we still worry about strong winds, especially those strong offshore winds in autumn. We worry about dry winters. We worry about dry autumns because that extends our fire season. But on top of all of this, what really seems to matter is that when you do get extreme fire weather conditions by some other means, whether it’s the dry lightning outbreak or a strong wind outbreak or a big heat wave, there’s antecedent drying of vegetation that sets the stage for those fires to become even more extreme than they would have been otherwise under the circumstances.\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Addressing the Democratic National Convention last week via a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqGJlDwqNcw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">cellphone video\u003c/span>\u003c/a> shot in a redwood forest around Santa Cruz, about a mile from the CZU Lightning Complex fire, Gov. Gavin Newsom said the series of conflagrations ripping through the state have the fingerprints of climate change all over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hots are getting hotter, the drys are getting drier. Climate change is real,” he said. “If you are in denial about climate change, come to California.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Daniel Swain\u003c/strong>, a climate scientist with UCLA and a prolific \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">chronicler \u003c/span>\u003c/a> of California’s increasingly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922847/wilder-weather-swings-in-californias-future-could-spell-disaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">wild weather\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, discussed the impact of climate change on wildfires on KQED’s Forum radio \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101879342/the-link-between-climate-change-and-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">program\u003c/a> on Tuesday. Swain and other scientists have conducted \u003cspan class=\"s1\">research\u003c/span> suggesting climate change is a key driver of more frequent wildfires in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some key points Swain made on the show, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>What’s different about this series of fires?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>Daniel Swain:\u003c/em> It’s not the total acreage burned that’s so astonishing. It’s the fact that it occurred in about a two-week period and just in Northern California. That’s a relatively small region in a very short period of time over which to see that kind of wildfire extent, even in a part of the world that has experienced quite severe wildfire activity over the past five or six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">What’s so surprising is how quickly the situation escalated. Often California sees its largest and fastest moving wildfires, especially in coastal areas, in the autumn, with offshore wind conditions \u003ci>—\u003c/i> the Diablo winds in the Bay Area and the Santa Ana winds in Southern California. In this case, there were no such offshore winds to speak of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>What has the effect of climate change been on California wildfires?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">My co-authors and I published a \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab83a7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> recently focused on autumn fire risk in California and did indeed find that the number of extreme fire-weather days has already doubled due to climate change and is continuing to increase as warming continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">My same colleagues were involved in another study that came to the conclusion that there has been a very steep increase in the number of wildfire acres burned in California over the past several decades. And one of the key reasons for that is indeed the way the climate has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>How has climate contributed to these bad fire seasons?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate change has increased fire risk by increasing vegetation aridity \u003ci>—\u003c/i> what’s known as fuel moisture \u003ci>—\u003c/i> over time; meaning vegetation becomes more flammable. Increasingly, dry vegetation burns more intensely, creates more intense and larger fires, which spread more quickly and are harder to fight.\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">What’s so striking this year is that we had sort of this classic sequence of events that you might expect to lead to a bad fire season. It started out with the dry winter in Northern California and then a particularly warm spring. July was actually pretty typical, which is to say, relatively mild and dry. But then we came to August and things changed very quickly. We had a very prolonged record heat wave and that big lightning event. [Lightning strikes ignited the recent series of fires in Northern California.] And then on top of that we have the legacy of climate change with this long-term dryness in the vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">All the other factors that normally play into fire risk in California are still relevant. Obviously, we still worry about strong winds, especially those strong offshore winds in autumn. We worry about dry winters. We worry about dry autumns because that extends our fire season. But on top of all of this, what really seems to matter is that when you do get extreme fire weather conditions by some other means, whether it’s the dry lightning outbreak or a strong wind outbreak or a big heat wave, there’s antecedent drying of vegetation that sets the stage for those fires to become even more extreme than they would have been otherwise under the circumstances.\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Wildfires Scorch Redwoods and Threaten Condors. But There's Still Hope",
"headTitle": "California Wildfires Scorch Redwoods and Threaten Condors. But There’s Still Hope | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>At 3 a.m. on Friday morning, biologist Kelly Sorenson was awake, nervously watching the live webcam feed of a California condor nest on the Big Sur coast. He could see a 5-month-old chick, still unable to fly, as the flames of the Dolan Fire came into view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just terrifying,” Sorenson said. “Having the livestreaming webcams was both a blessing and a nightmare because we had to watch the fire as it burned through the canyon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s massive wildfires have burned more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/california-fire-map/\">1,000 homes and buildings\u003c/a> over the last week, destroying irreplaceable possessions and memories for some residents. At the same time, the fires are also threatening some of the state’s rare ecosystems and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are watching closely as the blazes encroach on old-growth redwood trees in Northern and Central California, where some giants are more than 1,000 years old and are known by individual names. While some seem to have been spared, Big Basin State Park — the oldest state park in California — saw significant fire damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, biologists say there are reasons to be hopeful, because redwoods have incredibly thick bark that can withstand wildfires. Even fully charred trees can sprout again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is whether ecosystems can fully bounce back after extreme fires given that the climate change, already driving the current wildfires, can also make recovery difficult through heat stress and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the endangered California condors, recovery is still tenuous. In 1987, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/california-condor-recovery.htm\">just 27 birds remained\u003c/a>. Scientists brought them into captivity to begin a breeding program. Today, there are about 100 condors free-flying on California’s Central Coast. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ventanaws.org/california-condors.html\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>, where Sorenson is executive director, has been carefully tracking and releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive birds, with a 9-foot wingspan, are still threatened by lead poisoning since they feed on the carcasses of animals that have lead bullet fragments from hunters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the eight condor nests with chicks this year, Sorenson says five are within the fire zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even just four or five birds would be a huge loss,” said Sorenson. “It’s just really nerve-wracking now, not knowing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Sorenson is hopeful some chicks made it. In 2008, condor chicks survived a wildfire in Big Sur, protected by the tall redwood trees they nested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were convinced there was no way the chicks could survive the fire,” he said. “Sure enough, a chick survived and we named it Phoenix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood trees are built to survive fires, insulated by bark up to a foot thick. While lightning-caused fires aren’t as common in coastal redwood habitat as they are elsewhere in California, burning is still a natural cycle in the ecosystem. Native American tribes often set regular fires to shape the landscape and encourage certain plants to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of their resilience, I feel a lot more hopeful than super worried about the trees,” said Kristen Shive, director of science for \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetheredwoods.org/\">Save the Redwoods League\u003c/a>. “The trees really are so incredibly tough when it comes to fire. Most of them will persist and survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even trees that look significantly scorched are still alive and can regrow from their base. Many of the largest redwood trees growing today show burn scars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a fire is hot enough to consume the entire crown of a tree, in a pine tree, that tree is most likely dead,” Shive said. “But in redwoods, they have these buds that lie dormant under their bark and they can sprout after the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the younger generation of redwood trees may be more at risk. Around 95% of California’s redwoods were logged, so the majority growing today are newer, “second-growth” trees. Those forests tend to be denser, allowing wildfires to burn hotter and spread more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like other California landscapes, vegetation in some redwood forests is heavier than it used to be. As wildfires were suppressed in the modern era of firefighting and Native American tribes were removed by settlers from their land, there were fewer regular fires to clear out the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shive says setting controlled or “prescribed” fires in redwood forests will be even more essential as the climate warms, to prevent wildfires from doing too much damage. While redwoods are able to bounce back, they’re already stressed by hotter temperatures and drought at the southern end of their range, potentially interfering with their recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still need to be setting these forests up to be as fire-resilient as possible, since, as we’ve seen in this last week, this warmer and drier future is already upon us and it’s going to get worse,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+Hit+California%27s+Redwoods+And+Condors%2C+But+There%27s+Still+Hope&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's massive wildfires have not only burned more than 1,000 homes and buildings over the last week, they are also threatening some of the state's rare ecosystems and wildlife.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At 3 a.m. on Friday morning, biologist Kelly Sorenson was awake, nervously watching the live webcam feed of a California condor nest on the Big Sur coast. He could see a 5-month-old chick, still unable to fly, as the flames of the Dolan Fire came into view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just terrifying,” Sorenson said. “Having the livestreaming webcams was both a blessing and a nightmare because we had to watch the fire as it burned through the canyon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s massive wildfires have burned more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/california-fire-map/\">1,000 homes and buildings\u003c/a> over the last week, destroying irreplaceable possessions and memories for some residents. At the same time, the fires are also threatening some of the state’s rare ecosystems and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are watching closely as the blazes encroach on old-growth redwood trees in Northern and Central California, where some giants are more than 1,000 years old and are known by individual names. While some seem to have been spared, Big Basin State Park — the oldest state park in California — saw significant fire damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, biologists say there are reasons to be hopeful, because redwoods have incredibly thick bark that can withstand wildfires. Even fully charred trees can sprout again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is whether ecosystems can fully bounce back after extreme fires given that the climate change, already driving the current wildfires, can also make recovery difficult through heat stress and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the endangered California condors, recovery is still tenuous. In 1987, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/california-condor-recovery.htm\">just 27 birds remained\u003c/a>. Scientists brought them into captivity to begin a breeding program. Today, there are about 100 condors free-flying on California’s Central Coast. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ventanaws.org/california-condors.html\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>, where Sorenson is executive director, has been carefully tracking and releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive birds, with a 9-foot wingspan, are still threatened by lead poisoning since they feed on the carcasses of animals that have lead bullet fragments from hunters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the eight condor nests with chicks this year, Sorenson says five are within the fire zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even just four or five birds would be a huge loss,” said Sorenson. “It’s just really nerve-wracking now, not knowing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Sorenson is hopeful some chicks made it. In 2008, condor chicks survived a wildfire in Big Sur, protected by the tall redwood trees they nested in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were convinced there was no way the chicks could survive the fire,” he said. “Sure enough, a chick survived and we named it Phoenix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood trees are built to survive fires, insulated by bark up to a foot thick. While lightning-caused fires aren’t as common in coastal redwood habitat as they are elsewhere in California, burning is still a natural cycle in the ecosystem. Native American tribes often set regular fires to shape the landscape and encourage certain plants to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of their resilience, I feel a lot more hopeful than super worried about the trees,” said Kristen Shive, director of science for \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetheredwoods.org/\">Save the Redwoods League\u003c/a>. “The trees really are so incredibly tough when it comes to fire. Most of them will persist and survive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even trees that look significantly scorched are still alive and can regrow from their base. Many of the largest redwood trees growing today show burn scars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a fire is hot enough to consume the entire crown of a tree, in a pine tree, that tree is most likely dead,” Shive said. “But in redwoods, they have these buds that lie dormant under their bark and they can sprout after the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the younger generation of redwood trees may be more at risk. Around 95% of California’s redwoods were logged, so the majority growing today are newer, “second-growth” trees. Those forests tend to be denser, allowing wildfires to burn hotter and spread more easily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like other California landscapes, vegetation in some redwood forests is heavier than it used to be. As wildfires were suppressed in the modern era of firefighting and Native American tribes were removed by settlers from their land, there were fewer regular fires to clear out the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shive says setting controlled or “prescribed” fires in redwood forests will be even more essential as the climate warms, to prevent wildfires from doing too much damage. While redwoods are able to bounce back, they’re already stressed by hotter temperatures and drought at the southern end of their range, potentially interfering with their recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still need to be setting these forests up to be as fire-resilient as possible, since, as we’ve seen in this last week, this warmer and drier future is already upon us and it’s going to get worse,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+Hit+California%27s+Redwoods+And+Condors%2C+But+There%27s+Still+Hope&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Caretaker Returns to Solano County Fire-Ravaged Farm: 'Like a War Zone'",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the caretaker and resident of an organic olive farm in Vacaville, Tom Walter is no stranger to fire season. But as flames approached the property off Pleasants Valley Road sometime after midnight Wednesday, he felt this time was different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I’ve never seen a fire move so quickly and so aggressively towards everything in its path,” Walter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968797 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main ranch house at La Ferme Soleil was leveled when the LNU Lightning Complex fire tore through Pleasants Valley Road in Vacaville in the early morning hours of Wednesday, Aug. 19, 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Hennessey Fire, part of the 350,000-acre-plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">LNU Lightning Complex fire\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, was racing toward the north end of his ranch, while another blaze was approaching from the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“I got everybody off the property, tried to get as much livestock,” Walter said, “Then I hung in there as long as I could and evacuated by about 1:30 in the morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">A day later, with scattered embers still burning, Walter returned to survey the damage. Somehow, he says, the olive trees, which the farm harvests to produce organic olive oil under the label \u003ca href=\"http://www.lafermesoleil.com/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">La Ferme Soleil\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, were unscathed. But the fire had destroyed much of the rest of the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“The whole property, it looks like war, a war zone. That’s the only way to explain it,” Walter said, “I can’t put the words together. My heart is hurting. My mind is numb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The 48-foot travel trailer Walter lived in was reduced to a heap of twisted, blackened metal, or “junk,” as he described it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“Everything I had was in here. Everything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The main ranch house, which had just been sold to new owners, was also leveled. A thick film of black soot covered the backyard pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968795 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The animal pen at La Ferme Soleil in Vacaville, along with sheep and goat, was lost to the LNU Lightning Complex fire. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“The only thing standing was our guest house,” Walter said, “It’s a miracle because I have a place to stay, still.\u003ci>”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">La Ferme Soleil also lost sheep and goat to the fire, and Walter is still searching for two lost horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">He says many farmers in the area are now scrambling to get back to their land to see what’s left of their homes and to look out for any animals left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">On Thursday, police had blocked off access to Pleasants Valley Road, but were letting some cars through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Walter spent Thursday morning driving around, with his labrador retriever in tow, to check on properties for neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“A lot of people still can’t come out here,” he said. “My biggest thing is trying to give good news to this devastation, and it’s hard right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“When they’re asking me about their property or their homes, I either have good news or bad news. And the majority of it’s bad news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the caretaker and resident of an organic olive farm in Vacaville, Tom Walter is no stranger to fire season. But as flames approached the property off Pleasants Valley Road sometime after midnight Wednesday, he felt this time was different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I’ve never seen a fire move so quickly and so aggressively towards everything in its path,” Walter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968797 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main ranch house at La Ferme Soleil was leveled when the LNU Lightning Complex fire tore through Pleasants Valley Road in Vacaville in the early morning hours of Wednesday, Aug. 19, 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Hennessey Fire, part of the 350,000-acre-plus \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">LNU Lightning Complex fire\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, was racing toward the north end of his ranch, while another blaze was approaching from the west.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“I got everybody off the property, tried to get as much livestock,” Walter said, “Then I hung in there as long as I could and evacuated by about 1:30 in the morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">A day later, with scattered embers still burning, Walter returned to survey the damage. Somehow, he says, the olive trees, which the farm harvests to produce organic olive oil under the label \u003ca href=\"http://www.lafermesoleil.com/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">La Ferme Soleil\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, were unscathed. But the fire had destroyed much of the rest of the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“The whole property, it looks like war, a war zone. That’s the only way to explain it,” Walter said, “I can’t put the words together. My heart is hurting. My mind is numb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The 48-foot travel trailer Walter lived in was reduced to a heap of twisted, blackened metal, or “junk,” as he described it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“Everything I had was in here. Everything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">The main ranch house, which had just been sold to new owners, was also leveled. A thick film of black soot covered the backyard pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1968795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1968795 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/Farm-4-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The animal pen at La Ferme Soleil in Vacaville, along with sheep and goat, was lost to the LNU Lightning Complex fire. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“The only thing standing was our guest house,” Walter said, “It’s a miracle because I have a place to stay, still.\u003ci>”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">La Ferme Soleil also lost sheep and goat to the fire, and Walter is still searching for two lost horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">He says many farmers in the area are now scrambling to get back to their land to see what’s left of their homes and to look out for any animals left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">On Thursday, police had blocked off access to Pleasants Valley Road, but were letting some cars through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">Walter spent Thursday morning driving around, with his labrador retriever in tow, to check on properties for neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“A lot of people still can’t come out here,” he said. “My biggest thing is trying to give good news to this devastation, and it’s hard right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“When they’re asking me about their property or their homes, I either have good news or bad news. And the majority of it’s bad news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As wildfires continue to burn in every Bay Area county except San Francisco, the region is badly in need of firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: far fewer prisoner crews. The shortage comes during a horrendous start to this year’s fire season, with tens of thousands of residents forced out of their homes after dry lightning strikes ignited three raging sets of fires, burning hundreds of thousands of acres since last Sunday. That’s a larger burn area than in all of California last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Cal Fire Chief Sean Kavanaugh\"]‘We are used to lots of resources. That is not where we are at today.’[/pullquote]While firefighters have mounted a heroic assault on fast-moving flames, risking their lives to protect numerous cities and towns, fire chiefs acknowledge that crews are severely understaffed, with only about 2,000 firefighters battling the North Bay and Santa Cruz fires combined going into last weekend. Last year, more than 5,000 firefighters fought to contain the Kincade Fire in Sonoma County, which burned a far smaller area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very large-scale incident here,” said Cal Fire Chief Sean Kavanaugh, the commander in charge of the LNU Complex fire in the North Bay. Normally, “we are used to lots of resources. That is not where we are at today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The response has been hampered, in particular, by a lack of prisoner hand crews, each typically made up of 12 to 16 trained inmates who perform grueling chainsaw work, sweating through oppressive heat as they hack through thick coyote brush, manzanita and other coastal shrub to create containment perimeters around a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The demand for hand crews far surpasses the need,” said Jeremy Rahn, a Cal Fire public information officer for the North Bay fires, at a press conference Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage stems mainly from the large number of fires burning across the state \u003cem>—\u003c/em> well over 500. But thinning ranks in California’s inmate firefighting camps, the result of the state’s attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19 in the prison system, have exacerbated the need for replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just weeks ago, many incarcerated firefighters were isolated in lockdown after potential exposure to the coronavirus sidelined more than half of the inmate crews, depriving California of a key firefighting resource as it entered peak fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, officials with the California Department of Corrections and and Rehabilitation say all fire camp inmates at the fire camps have been released from quarantine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since July 10, the state has sent home at least 700 inmates from the camps, including 331 firefighters and the rest in support roles, through an early-release order in the wake of COVID-19’s deadly spread through state prisons, including San Quentin in Marin County, resulting in thousands of infections and dozens of deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing the inmates has left the state with far fewer incarcerated firefighters than it could deploy in recent years. As of Aug. 20, more than 1,300 inmates from California’s state prison system were battling 19 different fires across the state, including the big complex blazes in the Bay Area. But in 2018, California had 3,500 firefighter inmates on hand, down from 4,300 two years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday minimized the effect of the early prisoner releases on the state’s firefighting capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Precisely to address that issue, precisely to address that concern,” he said, in July he authorized $72 million for the hire of 858 seasonal firefighters as replacements for the freed inmates. “We did it in anticipation. We didn’t react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Thom Porter, director of Cal Fire, acknowledged during a July press conference that the agency doesn’t “expect this season to make it to full capacity with inmate crews.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Fathi, director of the ACLU National Prison Project, says he’s especially concerned inmates will have to work “harder, longer” because of the reduced number of incarcerated fire crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are not people who are doing telemarketing or folding laundry,” he said. “This is dangerous work, working with very dangerous tools like chainsaws and axes, with longer hours and less rest. Fatigue obviously increases the risk of accidents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mike_dewald/status/1296970811622842368\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those risks and the backbreaking work, some prisoners have taken to the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, you can take Samantha Vetter out of prison fire camp early, but you can’t take the wildland firefighter out of Samantha Vetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state paroled the inmate firefighter early, and now all she can think about is getting back to work. She arrived at the Puerta La Cruz Conservation Camp in Southern California in the spring, just as the coronavirus began to spread in prison facilities. She spent most of this fire season with an all-female inmate crew battling fires in Southern California. She was battling the Apple Fire, a 30,000 acre-plus blaze, when her release came through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At various points, Vetter worked every position in her hand crew, which operates in a hook-line formation and is divided into cutting and scraping sections using chainsaws, shovels, rakes and other hand tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s living at the Santa Cruz County Gemma Transitional House, a short drive from where she grew up in the San Lorenzo Valley, where fires are currently ripping through a dense forest that hasn’t burned in 50 years. Her mother and other family members have been evacuated from their homes in Ben Lomond and elsewhere. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hometown is on fire right now,” she said. “It’s hard sitting here knowing that the ash that’s raining down on me now is the redwoods that I grew up around, burning up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criminal justice advocates have long criticized California’s use of prison labor to fight fires. Besides a pay rate that tops out at a few dollars a day, inmates face an uphill battle getting hired as firefighters after they’re released, due to their felony records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very few can get full-time firefighting jobs, says Sonja Tonnesen-Casalengo, deputy director of Root & Rebound, a prison reentry advocacy group, especially since county departments require hirees have their paramedic license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be a pathway to sustainable long-term careers as firefighters,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Vetter says, she was motivated to go to fire camp to knock time off her sentence. But she loved the work, wants to continue fighting fires as a civilian and has enrolled in wildfire safety classes at a community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires ripped through the forests she frequented as a kid, Vetter called the Cal Fire stations in Santa Cruz to see if she could volunteer to help. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The demand for hand crews far surpasses the need,” said Jeremy Rahn, a Cal Fire public information officer for the North Bay fires, at a press conference Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage stems mainly from the large number of fires burning across the state \u003cem>—\u003c/em> well over 500. But thinning ranks in California’s inmate firefighting camps, the result of the state’s attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19 in the prison system, have exacerbated the need for replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just weeks ago, many incarcerated firefighters were isolated in lockdown after potential exposure to the coronavirus sidelined more than half of the inmate crews, depriving California of a key firefighting resource as it entered peak fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, officials with the California Department of Corrections and and Rehabilitation say all fire camp inmates at the fire camps have been released from quarantine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since July 10, the state has sent home at least 700 inmates from the camps, including 331 firefighters and the rest in support roles, through an early-release order in the wake of COVID-19’s deadly spread through state prisons, including San Quentin in Marin County, resulting in thousands of infections and dozens of deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing the inmates has left the state with far fewer incarcerated firefighters than it could deploy in recent years. As of Aug. 20, more than 1,300 inmates from California’s state prison system were battling 19 different fires across the state, including the big complex blazes in the Bay Area. But in 2018, California had 3,500 firefighter inmates on hand, down from 4,300 two years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday minimized the effect of the early prisoner releases on the state’s firefighting capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Precisely to address that issue, precisely to address that concern,” he said, in July he authorized $72 million for the hire of 858 seasonal firefighters as replacements for the freed inmates. “We did it in anticipation. We didn’t react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Thom Porter, director of Cal Fire, acknowledged during a July press conference that the agency doesn’t “expect this season to make it to full capacity with inmate crews.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Fathi, director of the ACLU National Prison Project, says he’s especially concerned inmates will have to work “harder, longer” because of the reduced number of incarcerated fire crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are not people who are doing telemarketing or folding laundry,” he said. “This is dangerous work, working with very dangerous tools like chainsaws and axes, with longer hours and less rest. Fatigue obviously increases the risk of accidents.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Despite those risks and the backbreaking work, some prisoners have taken to the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, you can take Samantha Vetter out of prison fire camp early, but you can’t take the wildland firefighter out of Samantha Vetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state paroled the inmate firefighter early, and now all she can think about is getting back to work. She arrived at the Puerta La Cruz Conservation Camp in Southern California in the spring, just as the coronavirus began to spread in prison facilities. She spent most of this fire season with an all-female inmate crew battling fires in Southern California. She was battling the Apple Fire, a 30,000 acre-plus blaze, when her release came through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At various points, Vetter worked every position in her hand crew, which operates in a hook-line formation and is divided into cutting and scraping sections using chainsaws, shovels, rakes and other hand tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s living at the Santa Cruz County Gemma Transitional House, a short drive from where she grew up in the San Lorenzo Valley, where fires are currently ripping through a dense forest that hasn’t burned in 50 years. Her mother and other family members have been evacuated from their homes in Ben Lomond and elsewhere. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hometown is on fire right now,” she said. “It’s hard sitting here knowing that the ash that’s raining down on me now is the redwoods that I grew up around, burning up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criminal justice advocates have long criticized California’s use of prison labor to fight fires. Besides a pay rate that tops out at a few dollars a day, inmates face an uphill battle getting hired as firefighters after they’re released, due to their felony records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very few can get full-time firefighting jobs, says Sonja Tonnesen-Casalengo, deputy director of Root & Rebound, a prison reentry advocacy group, especially since county departments require hirees have their paramedic license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be a pathway to sustainable long-term careers as firefighters,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Vetter says, she was motivated to go to fire camp to knock time off her sentence. But she loved the work, wants to continue fighting fires as a civilian and has enrolled in wildfire safety classes at a community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires ripped through the forests she frequented as a kid, Vetter called the Cal Fire stations in Santa Cruz to see if she could volunteer to help. Officials told her she could assist at an evacuation center, but they wouldn’t let her join the fire line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A long heat wave is settling in across most of California, threatening wildfires and raising public health risks that include the spread of COVID-19 over the next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a dry heat, either. Temperatures will feel worse than usual, especially overnight, as a result of an unusual boost in atmospheric humidity caused by the remnants of a hurricane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, high temperatures around the Bay Area included 109 in Fairfield, 103 in Petaluma and 103 in Santa Rosa, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/map/?obs=true&wfo=mtr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologist Daniel Swain says some coastal areas will escape the most unbearable temperatures, but that heat will blanket 90% of California’s land mass, so most people should get ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suspect this event will probably end up being one of the most significant widespread California extreme heat events in the past decade, if not longer,” \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/7427\">writes \u003c/a>Swain on his Weather West blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1294275589487067139\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat warning in effect through next Wednesday, noting that “drastic temperature differences will exist” between the coast and further inland, raising fears that Californians will flock to coastal areas despite the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAL_FIRE/status/1293649657222946816\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire has issued a red flag warning for the Sierra foothills and parts of northeastern California through next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that won’t necessarily prompt a public safety power shutdown. A spokeswoman for PG&E says the utility’s in-house meteorologists take other factors into consideration, and the utility does not forsee issuing a PSPS this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County emergency and health officials are offering air conditioning at cooling centers for residents seeking a respite from the heat. Everyone will have to wear a mask and observe social distancing requirements, and capacity will be reduced to comply with health orders. People who believe they might have been exposed to COVID-19 should stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SCC_OES/status/1294052556478377984\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/oes/residents/Pages/hot-weather-information.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1WV-S45wq6VB6xY4Q3ER7BEFLl3Wxq8tiPYEzRiKdvCWDYmwKFN7jpXzA\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>, the Office of Emergency Management has opened cooling centers, some of which will be available until 9 p.m. over the weekend. \u003ca href=\"https://www.contracosta.ca.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=2295\">Contra Costa\u003c/a> has opened cooling centers at community centers where the coronavirus has curtailed the usual programs and services. Solano County cooling centers are usually in libraries; since they’re closed on weekends, few options remain, including at community centers in Fairfield. The county recommends calling first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/heatrisk/?&zoom=7.6000000000000005¢er=39.16,-121.49&basemap=OpenStreetMap%20WOC&boundaries=true,true,false,false&products=false,false,false&opacity=80\">You can use NOAA’s experimental tool\u003c/a> to see more about your heat risk over the next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials advise drinking water, keeping children and pets away from heat whenever possible, and checking on older neighbors, especially if they are alone.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A long heat wave is settling in across most of California, threatening wildfires and raising public health risks that include the spread of COVID-19 over the next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a dry heat, either. Temperatures will feel worse than usual, especially overnight, as a result of an unusual boost in atmospheric humidity caused by the remnants of a hurricane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, high temperatures around the Bay Area included 109 in Fairfield, 103 in Petaluma and 103 in Santa Rosa, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/map/?obs=true&wfo=mtr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologist Daniel Swain says some coastal areas will escape the most unbearable temperatures, but that heat will blanket 90% of California’s land mass, so most people should get ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suspect this event will probably end up being one of the most significant widespread California extreme heat events in the past decade, if not longer,” \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/archives/7427\">writes \u003c/a>Swain on his Weather West blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire has issued a red flag warning for the Sierra foothills and parts of northeastern California through next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that won’t necessarily prompt a public safety power shutdown. A spokeswoman for PG&E says the utility’s in-house meteorologists take other factors into consideration, and the utility does not forsee issuing a PSPS this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County emergency and health officials are offering air conditioning at cooling centers for residents seeking a respite from the heat. Everyone will have to wear a mask and observe social distancing requirements, and capacity will be reduced to comply with health orders. People who believe they might have been exposed to COVID-19 should stay home.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/oes/residents/Pages/hot-weather-information.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1WV-S45wq6VB6xY4Q3ER7BEFLl3Wxq8tiPYEzRiKdvCWDYmwKFN7jpXzA\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>, the Office of Emergency Management has opened cooling centers, some of which will be available until 9 p.m. over the weekend. \u003ca href=\"https://www.contracosta.ca.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=2295\">Contra Costa\u003c/a> has opened cooling centers at community centers where the coronavirus has curtailed the usual programs and services. Solano County cooling centers are usually in libraries; since they’re closed on weekends, few options remain, including at community centers in Fairfield. The county recommends calling first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/heatrisk/?&zoom=7.6000000000000005¢er=39.16,-121.49&basemap=OpenStreetMap%20WOC&boundaries=true,true,false,false&products=false,false,false&opacity=80\">You can use NOAA’s experimental tool\u003c/a> to see more about your heat risk over the next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials advise drinking water, keeping children and pets away from heat whenever possible, and checking on older neighbors, especially if they are alone.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Pandemic Galvanizes Money Managers Who See Climate Changes as Next Global Financial Crisis",
"headTitle": "Pandemic Galvanizes Money Managers Who See Climate Changes as Next Global Financial Crisis | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was only back in January when Larry Fink announced that the world’s largest asset manager was making the risks associated with climate change a central tenet of how it did business and suggested that the rest of the financial world do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Climate change has become a defining factor in companies’ long-term prospects,” wrote Fink, the founder and chief executive of BlackRock, which handles nearly $7 trillion in investments, in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/investor-relations/larry-fink-ceo-letter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual letter to shareholders\u003c/a>. “Awareness is rapidly changing, and I believe we are on the edge of a fundamental reshaping of finance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">For those who had long been pressing investment banks and other asset managers to address their funding of the fossil fuel industry and other industries warming the climate, BlackRock’s announcement was a long-awaited and hard-fought victory. It signaled, advocacy groups said, that Wall Street’s elite were finally taking climate change seriously after more than a decade of pressure to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">So when the coronavirus pandemic hit less than two months later and all but derailed the global economy, many analysts expected the financial sector to walk back its newfound commitment to safeguarding the climate. Critics have long argued that the investment industry’s development of “socially responsible” funds — and particularly the ones tailored toward improving the environment — were simply marketing ploys meant to stir up business without making real changes. And in June, the Trump administration proposed a rule change that would make it harder for retirement plans to invest in those types of funds in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">But the pandemic hasn’t dissuaded investors from acting on climate change. And many analysts argue that the economic disaster caused by the virus has helped galvanize money managers — who now see climate change as the next global financial crisis — to more urgently protect their assets by transitioning away from high-carbon industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Since February, some of the world’s largest financial institutions have stopped putting their money behind\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04052020/oil-gas-banks-arctic-drilling-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> oil and gas drilling in the Arctic\u003c/a>, or into Canada’s particularly dirty\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/12/climate/blackrock-oil-sands-alberta-financing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> tar sands operations\u003c/a>. Investment funds geared toward either excluding the fossil fuel industry entirely, or underweighting high-carbon companies in their mix, have exploded with\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/07/sustainable-investing-is-set-to-surge-in-the-wake-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> record cash inflows\u003c/a>, despite the market turmoil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">In July, several top U.S. banks\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/22/fed-gets-new-carbon-warning-will-never-be-a-vaccine-for-climate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> funded the launch of a massive new climate initiative\u003c/a> aimed at spurring a quicker transition to a low-carbon economy, with Goldman Sachs pledging $750 billion through 2030 to address climate change in its operations, investments and financing. Morgan Stanley, too, made headlines when it announced, later that month, that it would become the first major U.S. bank to disclose how all of its investments and loans were contributing to global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“The kind of change we’ve seen over the past six months indicates, in a new way, how important this issue is,” said Kirsten Spalding, senior program director for the advocacy investor group Ceres. “If this could happen with one virus, what are we waiting for in terms of climate change?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cstrong>Environmentalists Say Banks’ Pledges Are Good, But Only a Start\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Morgan Stanley’s decision to disclose how its investments contribute to climate change is comparable to “admitting you’ve got a problem,” said longtime analyst Lila Holzman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Holzman, who manages the energy program for the prominent advocacy investment group As You Sow, has for years been pressuring banks like Morgan Stanley to disclose their financials in regard to global warming, but to no avail. “Now,” she said, “the institutions themselves are going to, in a sense, come clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Still, environmentalists say that Morgan Stanley’s pledge, the latest in a slew of pledges from banks over the last six months, is only a start. Admitting you have a problem is a good first step, Holzman said, but there is still a lot more work ahead, including setting specific targets to phase out companies with heavy carbon emissions from portfolios and creating detailed plans for how to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">The reality is that even with recent pledges from banks to withdraw financial support from certain areas of fossil fuel development — mainly coal, Arctic drilling and oil sands projects — money managers are still bankrolling new fossil fuel development elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Between 2016 and 2019, 35 banks doled out $2.7 trillion for fossil fuel projects, according to the environmental group\u003ca href=\"https://www.ran.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/BOCC__2020_Summary_vENG_spread.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Rainforest Action Network\u003c/a>. Several U.S. banks accounted for a good chunk of that funding, with JPMorgan Chase having supplied $269 billion and Morgan Stanley having given $92 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Holzman said that’s exactly why banks should be more transparent about the impact and risks of their investments regarding climate change. If investors want to avoid funds that they believe exacerbate climate change, or puts their assets at risk from its effects, they currently don’t have good information to help them make that decision, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1968272 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/BankFossilFuelInvestChart529px_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/BankFossilFuelInvestChart529px_1.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/BankFossilFuelInvestChart529px_1-160x130.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Holzman said that’s exactly why banks should be more transparent about the impact and risks of their investments regarding climate change. If investors want to avoid funds that they believe exacerbate climate change, or puts their assets at risk from its effects, they currently don’t have good information to help them make that decision, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Both Holzman and Ceres’ Spalding hope Morgan Stanley’s decision will encourage other banks to voluntarily disclose their own finances in relation to climate change. They both expect governments to implement laws that would require banks to do so in the coming decades — although those regulations will likely be passed in Europe long before being adopted in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Banks and other asset managers have terrible track records in adopting measures to increase their transparency regarding climate-related risks to their finances. The boards of both BlackRock and Vanguard — another major investment firm — have voted overwhelmingly against shareholder resolutions meant to address global warming, including those requiring asset managers to disclose climate-related risks, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.majorityaction.us/asset-manager-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a report from the shareholder advocacy group Majority Action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">But analysts say banks are starting to come around when it comes to climate-related resolutions. In May, the board of JPMorgan Chase voted to remove former ExxonMobil CEO Lee Raymond as the board’s lead independent director, amid pressure from climate activists. And in June, at the behest of European bank BNP Paribas, Chevron’s board\u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/news-center/press-releases/climate-action-100-investor-signatories-achieve-major-gains-during-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> voted for the first time ever\u003c/a> to align the oil giant with the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“They’ve really come a long way to recognize their role in contributing to climate change,” Holzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cstrong>’Social Good’ Funds Growing Fast, But a Trump Proposal Could Stifle Them\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Growing investor demand to address climate change has also spurred an explosion in so-called ESG funds — investment funds that attempt to do “social good,” by taking environmental, societal and corporate governance factors into account, rather than looking at financials alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Last year, there were a staggering 37,000 index funds worldwide that tracked companies according to their ESG risk and performance profiles,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ethicalcorp.com/csr-cheat-sheet-esg-investors-turn-heat-blackrock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Reuters reported\u003c/a>. That’s a 60% increase from a year earlier, with ESG indexes being the fastest growing segment of the market. And so far this year, ESG funds have seen a record inflow of cash — more than $45 billion — despite the pandemic, with U.S. funds exceeding $10 billion, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/07/sustainable-investing-is-set-to-surge-in-the-wake-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a report from CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">But a Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-06-30/pdf/2020-13705.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposal\u003c/a>, if finalized, could slow that growth by making it harder for pension plans to invest their money into such funds. In June, the Department of Labor proposed amendments to the investment duties regulation under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, which if enacted, would reaffirm that fiduciaries must select investments based solely on monetary return factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">The proposal drew quick ire from advocacy and financial groups, including several state treasurers, who argued that taking climate change into account is a monetary factor. “The DOL proposal ignores the fact that funds that use ESG considerations have outperformed the market,” wrote Illinois State Treasurer Michael Frerichs in a press release. “As a fiduciary I believe it is my duty to consider material and systemic risks like those posed by the climate crisis, water scarcity and ineffective human capital management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">ESG funds aren’t without their faults, and most agree a green economy alone won’t solve the climate crisis. As a nascent market, ESG funds lack cohesive guidelines and methodologies for how to measure, report and enforce their environmental impact, said Gita Rao, a professor of finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management and a longtime investment consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“Part of the problem is we don’t have a set criteria,” Rao said. “We don’t have something that says, ‘If you are truly ESG, you should not be holding X, Y and Z.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">That ambiguity has allowed some funds to “greenwash,” she said, by claiming to be ESG while still holding companies with heavy carbon emissions. One BlackRock ESG index, for example, held\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/bf8b14cbffa5c3a1f10c6fd2702c7c38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a significant share of ExxonMobil\u003c/a> back in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">There has been some progress on that front, and several groups have emerged to help banks standardize how they track, report and enforce ESG metrics in their portfolios. In July, Morgan Stanley joined one of those groups, the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials. Several other banks, including Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America and JPMorgan Chase, joined the Rocky Mountain Institute’s Center for Climate-Aligned Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">While there are still issues to work out, ESG funds are still an effective way to transition to a cleaner economy, Rao said, especially if investor interest continues to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“Can we move money away from high-carbon companies? If the industry trend catches on in ESG the way it has in mainstream investment, absolutely — it will happen,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was only back in January when Larry Fink announced that the world’s largest asset manager was making the risks associated with climate change a central tenet of how it did business and suggested that the rest of the financial world do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Climate change has become a defining factor in companies’ long-term prospects,” wrote Fink, the founder and chief executive of BlackRock, which handles nearly $7 trillion in investments, in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/investor-relations/larry-fink-ceo-letter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual letter to shareholders\u003c/a>. “Awareness is rapidly changing, and I believe we are on the edge of a fundamental reshaping of finance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">For those who had long been pressing investment banks and other asset managers to address their funding of the fossil fuel industry and other industries warming the climate, BlackRock’s announcement was a long-awaited and hard-fought victory. It signaled, advocacy groups said, that Wall Street’s elite were finally taking climate change seriously after more than a decade of pressure to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">So when the coronavirus pandemic hit less than two months later and all but derailed the global economy, many analysts expected the financial sector to walk back its newfound commitment to safeguarding the climate. Critics have long argued that the investment industry’s development of “socially responsible” funds — and particularly the ones tailored toward improving the environment — were simply marketing ploys meant to stir up business without making real changes. And in June, the Trump administration proposed a rule change that would make it harder for retirement plans to invest in those types of funds in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">But the pandemic hasn’t dissuaded investors from acting on climate change. And many analysts argue that the economic disaster caused by the virus has helped galvanize money managers — who now see climate change as the next global financial crisis — to more urgently protect their assets by transitioning away from high-carbon industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Since February, some of the world’s largest financial institutions have stopped putting their money behind\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04052020/oil-gas-banks-arctic-drilling-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> oil and gas drilling in the Arctic\u003c/a>, or into Canada’s particularly dirty\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/12/climate/blackrock-oil-sands-alberta-financing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> tar sands operations\u003c/a>. Investment funds geared toward either excluding the fossil fuel industry entirely, or underweighting high-carbon companies in their mix, have exploded with\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/07/sustainable-investing-is-set-to-surge-in-the-wake-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> record cash inflows\u003c/a>, despite the market turmoil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">In July, several top U.S. banks\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/22/fed-gets-new-carbon-warning-will-never-be-a-vaccine-for-climate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> funded the launch of a massive new climate initiative\u003c/a> aimed at spurring a quicker transition to a low-carbon economy, with Goldman Sachs pledging $750 billion through 2030 to address climate change in its operations, investments and financing. Morgan Stanley, too, made headlines when it announced, later that month, that it would become the first major U.S. bank to disclose how all of its investments and loans were contributing to global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“The kind of change we’ve seen over the past six months indicates, in a new way, how important this issue is,” said Kirsten Spalding, senior program director for the advocacy investor group Ceres. “If this could happen with one virus, what are we waiting for in terms of climate change?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cstrong>Environmentalists Say Banks’ Pledges Are Good, But Only a Start\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Morgan Stanley’s decision to disclose how its investments contribute to climate change is comparable to “admitting you’ve got a problem,” said longtime analyst Lila Holzman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Holzman, who manages the energy program for the prominent advocacy investment group As You Sow, has for years been pressuring banks like Morgan Stanley to disclose their financials in regard to global warming, but to no avail. “Now,” she said, “the institutions themselves are going to, in a sense, come clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Still, environmentalists say that Morgan Stanley’s pledge, the latest in a slew of pledges from banks over the last six months, is only a start. Admitting you have a problem is a good first step, Holzman said, but there is still a lot more work ahead, including setting specific targets to phase out companies with heavy carbon emissions from portfolios and creating detailed plans for how to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">The reality is that even with recent pledges from banks to withdraw financial support from certain areas of fossil fuel development — mainly coal, Arctic drilling and oil sands projects — money managers are still bankrolling new fossil fuel development elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Between 2016 and 2019, 35 banks doled out $2.7 trillion for fossil fuel projects, according to the environmental group\u003ca href=\"https://www.ran.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/BOCC__2020_Summary_vENG_spread.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Rainforest Action Network\u003c/a>. Several U.S. banks accounted for a good chunk of that funding, with JPMorgan Chase having supplied $269 billion and Morgan Stanley having given $92 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Holzman said that’s exactly why banks should be more transparent about the impact and risks of their investments regarding climate change. If investors want to avoid funds that they believe exacerbate climate change, or puts their assets at risk from its effects, they currently don’t have good information to help them make that decision, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1968272 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/BankFossilFuelInvestChart529px_1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/BankFossilFuelInvestChart529px_1.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/08/BankFossilFuelInvestChart529px_1-160x130.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Holzman said that’s exactly why banks should be more transparent about the impact and risks of their investments regarding climate change. If investors want to avoid funds that they believe exacerbate climate change, or puts their assets at risk from its effects, they currently don’t have good information to help them make that decision, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Both Holzman and Ceres’ Spalding hope Morgan Stanley’s decision will encourage other banks to voluntarily disclose their own finances in relation to climate change. They both expect governments to implement laws that would require banks to do so in the coming decades — although those regulations will likely be passed in Europe long before being adopted in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Banks and other asset managers have terrible track records in adopting measures to increase their transparency regarding climate-related risks to their finances. The boards of both BlackRock and Vanguard — another major investment firm — have voted overwhelmingly against shareholder resolutions meant to address global warming, including those requiring asset managers to disclose climate-related risks, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.majorityaction.us/asset-manager-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a report from the shareholder advocacy group Majority Action\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">But analysts say banks are starting to come around when it comes to climate-related resolutions. In May, the board of JPMorgan Chase voted to remove former ExxonMobil CEO Lee Raymond as the board’s lead independent director, amid pressure from climate activists. And in June, at the behest of European bank BNP Paribas, Chevron’s board\u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/news-center/press-releases/climate-action-100-investor-signatories-achieve-major-gains-during-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> voted for the first time ever\u003c/a> to align the oil giant with the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“They’ve really come a long way to recognize their role in contributing to climate change,” Holzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cstrong>’Social Good’ Funds Growing Fast, But a Trump Proposal Could Stifle Them\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Growing investor demand to address climate change has also spurred an explosion in so-called ESG funds — investment funds that attempt to do “social good,” by taking environmental, societal and corporate governance factors into account, rather than looking at financials alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">Last year, there were a staggering 37,000 index funds worldwide that tracked companies according to their ESG risk and performance profiles,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ethicalcorp.com/csr-cheat-sheet-esg-investors-turn-heat-blackrock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Reuters reported\u003c/a>. That’s a 60% increase from a year earlier, with ESG indexes being the fastest growing segment of the market. And so far this year, ESG funds have seen a record inflow of cash — more than $45 billion — despite the pandemic, with U.S. funds exceeding $10 billion, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/07/sustainable-investing-is-set-to-surge-in-the-wake-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a report from CNBC\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">But a Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-06-30/pdf/2020-13705.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposal\u003c/a>, if finalized, could slow that growth by making it harder for pension plans to invest their money into such funds. In June, the Department of Labor proposed amendments to the investment duties regulation under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, which if enacted, would reaffirm that fiduciaries must select investments based solely on monetary return factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">The proposal drew quick ire from advocacy and financial groups, including several state treasurers, who argued that taking climate change into account is a monetary factor. “The DOL proposal ignores the fact that funds that use ESG considerations have outperformed the market,” wrote Illinois State Treasurer Michael Frerichs in a press release. “As a fiduciary I believe it is my duty to consider material and systemic risks like those posed by the climate crisis, water scarcity and ineffective human capital management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">ESG funds aren’t without their faults, and most agree a green economy alone won’t solve the climate crisis. As a nascent market, ESG funds lack cohesive guidelines and methodologies for how to measure, report and enforce their environmental impact, said Gita Rao, a professor of finance at the MIT Sloan School of Management and a longtime investment consultant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“Part of the problem is we don’t have a set criteria,” Rao said. “We don’t have something that says, ‘If you are truly ESG, you should not be holding X, Y and Z.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">That ambiguity has allowed some funds to “greenwash,” she said, by claiming to be ESG while still holding companies with heavy carbon emissions. One BlackRock ESG index, for example, held\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/bf8b14cbffa5c3a1f10c6fd2702c7c38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> a significant share of ExxonMobil\u003c/a> back in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">There has been some progress on that front, and several groups have emerged to help banks standardize how they track, report and enforce ESG metrics in their portfolios. In July, Morgan Stanley joined one of those groups, the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials. Several other banks, including Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs, Bank of America and JPMorgan Chase, joined the Rocky Mountain Institute’s Center for Climate-Aligned Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">While there are still issues to work out, ESG funds are still an effective way to transition to a cleaner economy, Rao said, especially if investor interest continues to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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