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"content": "\u003cp>John Kerry is looking to resume climate diplomacy that was disrupted under President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former secretary of state is one of several Obama administration officials appointed by President-elect Joe Biden. Their goals include restoring what had been seen as the normal functions of the U.S. government when they were last in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission is especially clear in Kerry’s case. In 2015, he signed a global climate accord as his granddaughter sat on his lap to suggest its importance to future generations. President Trump withdrew from the agreement. Biden wants Kerry to bring the U.S. back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 76-year-old Vietnam veteran, former senator and diplomat will serve as Biden’s climate envoy. On Wednesday, Kerry conducted his first two interviews since accepting the post, including one with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerry said rejoining the Paris accord is just the first step. He expects to spend much of 2021 working toward an already scheduled climate summit in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to raise the ambition of every nation in the world in order to get this job done, and our task — my task specifically — will be to help negotiate that,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerry also spoke of approaching the job with “humility,” because the U.S withdrew from the agreement once before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s simple for the United States to rejoin, but it’s not so simple for the United States to regain its credibility,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his challenges will be to convince other governments the U.S. will abide by its commitments. Two Democratic presidents, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, have now negotiated climate accords, only to have two Republicans, George W. 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Real business people, real leaders within the business world understand that this is an imperative. They also understand that there’s money to be made in producing the products. Anybody who has the breakthrough on battery storage is going to have the key to the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can you collaborate with China on climate issues even as the United States competes with China on other issues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were a partner on climate as we competed with them at other things during the Obama administration. We’ve been there, done that. But if we don’t work as a primary extraordinary effort on climate, we’re all cooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now there are major challenges with respect to some of the things that China is doing. China banks are still funding coal-fired power production, new plants in various countries that are touched by the One Belt, One Road program. So we have to talk to China about that. But we have to do it in a way that doesn’t force people into a corner to hunker down and head towards conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the conversations you’re having with energy companies?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m reaching out to them because I want to hear from them right now. We have to wait till January 20th before we engage substantively promoting any policy. But I’m listening to what their needs are on how they view the world so I can begin to understand better what the possibilities may be once the president is sworn in on January 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you feel you can make progress given the unique challenges in this country, where a minority of climate deniers can stop a lot of what you would see as progress?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I believe the way we make progress is by delivering, by showing people very specifically what the benefits are, what the facts are, and by building a consensus. 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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">A Bay Area lawmaker is seeking to limit the use of natural gas in new public buildings and schools across California in a bill introduced in the Assembly this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB33#:~:text=AB%2033%2C%20as%20introduced%2C%20Ting,Natural%20gas.&text=This%20bill%20would%20prohibit%20new,public%20utilities%2C%20including%20electrical%20corporations.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 33,\u003c/a> introduced by Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, would only affect new state buildings and public schools by, in effect, requiring electric furnaces and appliances. But it would also prevent utilities from offering its customers subsidies for new gas pipe installations anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Across California, advocates have pushed cities and state agencies to ban gas. What began a year-and-a-half-ago with Berkeley passing a first-of-its-kind ordinance to prohibit natural gas in newly constructed buildings has spread to more than three dozen cities across California, including San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland in the past month alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Ting’s office says 10% of the state’s emissions come from gas appliances used to heat buildings and dry clothes. His bill is meant to improve the air quality in new public buildings, limit the growth of a vast network of natural gas lines around the state and fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We need to confront rising [greenhouse gas] emissions by reducing these harmful air pollutants where we can,” he said. “No adjustment is too small.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PhilTing/status/1336110489772851200?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill will be heard in an Assembly committee next spring. If passed, it would not impact any of the local laws, Ting’s office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Whether or not the bill passes, activists hope that the California Energy Commission will ban natural gas in new construction when it updates its building code next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some utilities and developers like the ones represented by the California Building Industry Association have opposed the total elimination of gas hookups.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Morales, a spokesperson for the group, wrote in an email that “a piecemeal approach to energy usage for homes hurts consumers and jeopardizes power supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A comprehensive and incentive-based approach is needed to solve our climate problems, not mandates and restrictions,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California Gas Co. and other industry trade groups have pushed back, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens if I want to build a home with natural gas, and I’m told I cannot?” said Richard Meyer, managing director of energy analysis at the American Gas Association, in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-12-07/should-california-ban-gas-in-new-homes-a-climate-battle-heats-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">interview\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the LA Times\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>“What happens when I reply that it’s the fuel my family has always cooked with, and it’s a lot less expensive for me to use?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">A Bay Area lawmaker is seeking to limit the use of natural gas in new public buildings and schools across California in a bill introduced in the Assembly this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB33#:~:text=AB%2033%2C%20as%20introduced%2C%20Ting,Natural%20gas.&text=This%20bill%20would%20prohibit%20new,public%20utilities%2C%20including%20electrical%20corporations.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 33,\u003c/a> introduced by Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, would only affect new state buildings and public schools by, in effect, requiring electric furnaces and appliances. But it would also prevent utilities from offering its customers subsidies for new gas pipe installations anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Across California, advocates have pushed cities and state agencies to ban gas. What began a year-and-a-half-ago with Berkeley passing a first-of-its-kind ordinance to prohibit natural gas in newly constructed buildings has spread to more than three dozen cities across California, including San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland in the past month alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Ting’s office says 10% of the state’s emissions come from gas appliances used to heat buildings and dry clothes. His bill is meant to improve the air quality in new public buildings, limit the growth of a vast network of natural gas lines around the state and fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We need to confront rising [greenhouse gas] emissions by reducing these harmful air pollutants where we can,” he said. “No adjustment is too small.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The bill will be heard in an Assembly committee next spring. If passed, it would not impact any of the local laws, Ting’s office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Whether or not the bill passes, activists hope that the California Energy Commission will ban natural gas in new construction when it updates its building code next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some utilities and developers like the ones represented by the California Building Industry Association have opposed the total elimination of gas hookups.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Morales, a spokesperson for the group, wrote in an email that “a piecemeal approach to energy usage for homes hurts consumers and jeopardizes power supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A comprehensive and incentive-based approach is needed to solve our climate problems, not mandates and restrictions,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California Gas Co. and other industry trade groups have pushed back, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens if I want to build a home with natural gas, and I’m told I cannot?” said Richard Meyer, managing director of energy analysis at the American Gas Association, in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-12-07/should-california-ban-gas-in-new-homes-a-climate-battle-heats-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">interview\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the LA Times\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>“What happens when I reply that it’s the fuel my family has always cooked with, and it’s a lot less expensive for me to use?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The latest outlook from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration suggests that California’s persistent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849426/did-someone-say-drought\">drought-like conditions\u003c/a> could last through the winter and into spring, possibly fueling another grueling fire season in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, three-quarters of California is experiencing at least moderate \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">drought conditions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind, we’re coming off the driest May-through-October period, statewide at least, across California, Arizona and New Mexico,” said Mark Svoboda of the National Drought Mitigation Center in Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasting three to four months out is a dodgy proposition for scientists, but NOAA’s modeling shows the likelihood of relatively dry weather through February. The current La Niña conditions — colder-than-normal waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean — have been a seeming harbinger of scant precipitation in California in the past, though the connection is not reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drought is very difficult to predict,” Svoboda said. “When you get down to real specifics, it really comes down to the weather and the interface between the atmosphere and the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1971506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 997px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1971506 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021.jpeg\" alt=\"Map: US Drought Outlook\" width=\"997\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021.jpeg 997w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021-800x562.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021-768x540.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forecasters expect dry conditions to persist in California and spread eastward. Click on image to enlarge. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Svoboda says he sees increasing evidence that the warming climate is changing the behavior of droughts, just as it’s changing the behavior of hurricanes and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re living it right now,” Svoboda told reporters at the online Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, “and we’re probably right on the precipice of being able to say, ‘Yeah, now we can look back 20 years and say this has really changed the behavior of droughts.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says rising temperatures play a key role in drought development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, it’s becoming more and more apparent, readily apparent,” he said. “I think there’s enough research and literature out there now that shows we should expect an increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same news conference, NOAA offered a preview of it’s new \u003ca href=\"drought.portal@noaa.gov\">web portal\u003c/a> for drought information.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelsey Satalino, of NOAA’s National Integrated Drought Information System, says that for the first time, the site will allow users to drill down for drought information at the level of individual ZIP codes, a much more granular view than the state-level data currently offered. Interactive tools will also show information on current wildfires, as well as historical data for localities, some of it dating back as far as 1895.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.drought.gov\">new interactive site\u003c/a> is set for an early January launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we like to say, ‘All droughts are local,’” says Svoboda. “But we know this increasing temperature has a big role in drought, and the feedback between a dry soil and a dry atmosphere. That’s not a good combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AGU’s Fall Meeting, normally a huge conference that draws more than 20,000 people in the scientific community to San Francisco’s Moscone Center, is being conducted entirely online this year as a COVID-19 precaution.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest outlook from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration suggests that California’s persistent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11849426/did-someone-say-drought\">drought-like conditions\u003c/a> could last through the winter and into spring, possibly fueling another grueling fire season in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, three-quarters of California is experiencing at least moderate \u003ca href=\"https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">drought conditions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind, we’re coming off the driest May-through-October period, statewide at least, across California, Arizona and New Mexico,” said Mark Svoboda of the National Drought Mitigation Center in Nebraska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasting three to four months out is a dodgy proposition for scientists, but NOAA’s modeling shows the likelihood of relatively dry weather through February. The current La Niña conditions — colder-than-normal waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean — have been a seeming harbinger of scant precipitation in California in the past, though the connection is not reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drought is very difficult to predict,” Svoboda said. “When you get down to real specifics, it really comes down to the weather and the interface between the atmosphere and the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1971506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 997px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1971506 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021.jpeg\" alt=\"Map: US Drought Outlook\" width=\"997\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021.jpeg 997w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021-800x562.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/12/DroughtOutlook_Dec-Feb2021-768x540.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forecasters expect dry conditions to persist in California and spread eastward. Click on image to enlarge. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Svoboda says he sees increasing evidence that the warming climate is changing the behavior of droughts, just as it’s changing the behavior of hurricanes and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re living it right now,” Svoboda told reporters at the online Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union, “and we’re probably right on the precipice of being able to say, ‘Yeah, now we can look back 20 years and say this has really changed the behavior of droughts.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says rising temperatures play a key role in drought development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, it’s becoming more and more apparent, readily apparent,” he said. “I think there’s enough research and literature out there now that shows we should expect an increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same news conference, NOAA offered a preview of it’s new \u003ca href=\"drought.portal@noaa.gov\">web portal\u003c/a> for drought information.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelsey Satalino, of NOAA’s National Integrated Drought Information System, says that for the first time, the site will allow users to drill down for drought information at the level of individual ZIP codes, a much more granular view than the state-level data currently offered. Interactive tools will also show information on current wildfires, as well as historical data for localities, some of it dating back as far as 1895.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.drought.gov\">new interactive site\u003c/a> is set for an early January launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we like to say, ‘All droughts are local,’” says Svoboda. “But we know this increasing temperature has a big role in drought, and the feedback between a dry soil and a dry atmosphere. That’s not a good combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AGU’s Fall Meeting, normally a huge conference that draws more than 20,000 people in the scientific community to San Francisco’s Moscone Center, is being conducted entirely online this year as a COVID-19 precaution.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Environmental Groups Tell Biden Not to Pick Mary Nichols for EPA",
"headTitle": "California Environmental Groups Tell Biden Not to Pick Mary Nichols for EPA | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A coalition of some 70 California environmental justice groups, national environmentalists and other organizations sent a \u003ca href=\"https://1bps6437gg8c169i0y1drtgz-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-2-Nichols-letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">letter\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to Joe Biden’s transition team Thursday asking the incoming president to avoid picking Mary Nichols as head of the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/29/939811007/who-is-mary-nichols-leading-contender-to-head-epa-under-biden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> to be Biden’s top candidate to lead the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outgoing chair of the California Air Resources Board, Nichols is “not the right person to oversee and implement climate and environmental programs for the country” because of her “bleak track record in addressing environmental racism,” the groups wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miya Yoshitani, executive director of the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, said, “The administration should choose someone else.” Nominating Nichols, she said, “would send the wrong signal” in terms of the Biden administration’s approach to solving the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/APEN4EJ/status/1334561542692614144?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the groups that signed on to the letter have long taken aim at California’s cap-and-trade program, asserting that it allows industry to pollute in neighborhoods already suffering from unhealthy air. The program aims to limit greenhouse gases, which cause climate change, by capping industry emissions and allowing businesses to buy and sell credits at auction on a state-sponsored marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During her tenure as CARB Chair, Nichols has been known for pushing market-based approaches to the climate crisis at the expense of the health and well-being of California’s communities of color, who suffer from some of the deadliest air in the country,” the groups wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols led the air board when it developed a blueprint for implementation of the original cap-and-trade program, shepherding it through a lengthy, contentious implementation process that included a dizzying array of groups with competing interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946804/researchers-press-california-to-strengthen-landmark-climate-law\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">examined\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the program have raised questions about its effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CARB did not immediately respond to a request for comment. But in the past, Nichols and the agency have aggressively defended cap-and-trade, citing it as the result of years of policymaking, hearings, and stakeholder input, as well as a model for the international community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/us/politics/biden-climate-plan.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">proposed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> spending $2 trillion over four years to spur the use of clean energy in the power, building and transportation sectors. He has also announced a sweeping set of proposals to rebuild a U.S. economy that has been savaged by the coronavirus pandemic while also reducing emissions and fighting environmental policies that have put minorities at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan, announced in early August, helped to shore up his support among young and progressive voters who expect major action from the administration on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His pick for EPA will preside over an ambitious policy agenda aimed at reducing planet-warming gas emissions and cleaning up pollution in the nation’s poorest neighborhoods, while also growing the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848965/top-california-air-climate-regulator-hopes-to-run-biden-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Associated Press\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that if Biden offers her the job, she “would take it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody has actually run a climate action program, or an air program for that matter,” she said. “And I like working with large bureaucracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols ends her second stint as the state’s top air regulator this month. Between chairmanships she was a deputy administrator for the EPA under President Bill Clinton. She was also a founding attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Los Angeles bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incremental or ‘Do Everything?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progressive pushback on a potential Nichols pick is part of a wider disagreement in the party about how to implement climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Gov. Jerry Brown, once Nichols’ boss, and other moderate Democrats have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971253/jerry-browns-advice-to-biden-on-climate-rebuild-credibility-disregard-advocates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">argued\u003c/span>\u003c/a> Biden should pursue durable bipartisan climate policy, establish binding international agreements and — as California has done — set ambitious climate goals before unveiling a string of policies to achieve these targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971253/jerry-browns-advice-to-biden-on-climate-rebuild-credibility-disregard-advocates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that Nichols was a part of “the most successful climate fighting government in the Western Hemisphere” and encouraged Biden to disregard some environmentalists and “their slogans and their framing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary’s\u003ci> \u003c/i>got more experience than anybody in America in terms of climate change,” Brown said. \u003ci>“\u003c/i>She’s presided over an institution that has the scientists, the policy analysts, the staff to come to grips with the complexities of climate, as well as other environmental problems caused by criteria pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said Nichols understands the politics required to move climate policy forward, relying on “experience that is not taught in college, not available in advocacy organizations, but only available firsthand by doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, progressive environmentalists are wary of discussions around incremental change when it comes to the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Roberts, an environmental writer for Vox, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21724758/biden-transition-trump-polarized-climate-change-health-immigration\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">argues\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that Biden should instead “do everything at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Democrats have failed to enact climate policy because they have relied on “clever sequencing over and over again,” he wrote, “imagining some amount of political capital that they could husband and spend strategically to get assistance across the aisle, at every juncture underestimating the ferocity and unanimity of Republican opposition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing Biden will have real control over is his administration and what it does,” he said. “And his North Star, his organizing principle, should be doing as much good on as many fronts as fast as possible. Blitz.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Mary Nichols, the outgoing chair of the California Air Resources Board, is \"not the right person to oversee and implement climate and environmental programs for the country,\" a coalition of California and national environmental groups said in a letter to the Biden transition team.",
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"description": "Mary Nichols, the outgoing chair of the California Air Resources Board, is "not the right person to oversee and implement climate and environmental programs for the country," a coalition of California and national environmental groups said in a letter to the Biden transition team.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A coalition of some 70 California environmental justice groups, national environmentalists and other organizations sent a \u003ca href=\"https://1bps6437gg8c169i0y1drtgz-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-12-2-Nichols-letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">letter\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to Joe Biden’s transition team Thursday asking the incoming president to avoid picking Mary Nichols as head of the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/29/939811007/who-is-mary-nichols-leading-contender-to-head-epa-under-biden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> to be Biden’s top candidate to lead the EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outgoing chair of the California Air Resources Board, Nichols is “not the right person to oversee and implement climate and environmental programs for the country” because of her “bleak track record in addressing environmental racism,” the groups wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miya Yoshitani, executive director of the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, said, “The administration should choose someone else.” Nominating Nichols, she said, “would send the wrong signal” in terms of the Biden administration’s approach to solving the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Many of the groups that signed on to the letter have long taken aim at California’s cap-and-trade program, asserting that it allows industry to pollute in neighborhoods already suffering from unhealthy air. The program aims to limit greenhouse gases, which cause climate change, by capping industry emissions and allowing businesses to buy and sell credits at auction on a state-sponsored marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During her tenure as CARB Chair, Nichols has been known for pushing market-based approaches to the climate crisis at the expense of the health and well-being of California’s communities of color, who suffer from some of the deadliest air in the country,” the groups wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols led the air board when it developed a blueprint for implementation of the original cap-and-trade program, shepherding it through a lengthy, contentious implementation process that included a dizzying array of groups with competing interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946804/researchers-press-california-to-strengthen-landmark-climate-law\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">examined\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the program have raised questions about its effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CARB did not immediately respond to a request for comment. But in the past, Nichols and the agency have aggressively defended cap-and-trade, citing it as the result of years of policymaking, hearings, and stakeholder input, as well as a model for the international community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/us/politics/biden-climate-plan.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">proposed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> spending $2 trillion over four years to spur the use of clean energy in the power, building and transportation sectors. He has also announced a sweeping set of proposals to rebuild a U.S. economy that has been savaged by the coronavirus pandemic while also reducing emissions and fighting environmental policies that have put minorities at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s plan, announced in early August, helped to shore up his support among young and progressive voters who expect major action from the administration on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His pick for EPA will preside over an ambitious policy agenda aimed at reducing planet-warming gas emissions and cleaning up pollution in the nation’s poorest neighborhoods, while also growing the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848965/top-california-air-climate-regulator-hopes-to-run-biden-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Associated Press\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that if Biden offers her the job, she “would take it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody has actually run a climate action program, or an air program for that matter,” she said. “And I like working with large bureaucracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols ends her second stint as the state’s top air regulator this month. Between chairmanships she was a deputy administrator for the EPA under President Bill Clinton. She was also a founding attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council’s Los Angeles bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incremental or ‘Do Everything?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progressive pushback on a potential Nichols pick is part of a wider disagreement in the party about how to implement climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Gov. Jerry Brown, once Nichols’ boss, and other moderate Democrats have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971253/jerry-browns-advice-to-biden-on-climate-rebuild-credibility-disregard-advocates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">argued\u003c/span>\u003c/a> Biden should pursue durable bipartisan climate policy, establish binding international agreements and — as California has done — set ambitious climate goals before unveiling a string of policies to achieve these targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown told \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971253/jerry-browns-advice-to-biden-on-climate-rebuild-credibility-disregard-advocates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that Nichols was a part of “the most successful climate fighting government in the Western Hemisphere” and encouraged Biden to disregard some environmentalists and “their slogans and their framing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mary’s\u003ci> \u003c/i>got more experience than anybody in America in terms of climate change,” Brown said. \u003ci>“\u003c/i>She’s presided over an institution that has the scientists, the policy analysts, the staff to come to grips with the complexities of climate, as well as other environmental problems caused by criteria pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said Nichols understands the politics required to move climate policy forward, relying on “experience that is not taught in college, not available in advocacy organizations, but only available firsthand by doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, progressive environmentalists are wary of discussions around incremental change when it comes to the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Roberts, an environmental writer for Vox, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21724758/biden-transition-trump-polarized-climate-change-health-immigration\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">argues\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that Biden should instead “do everything at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Democrats have failed to enact climate policy because they have relied on “clever sequencing over and over again,” he wrote, “imagining some amount of political capital that they could husband and spend strategically to get assistance across the aisle, at every juncture underestimating the ferocity and unanimity of Republican opposition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing Biden will have real control over is his administration and what it does,” he said. “And his North Star, his organizing principle, should be doing as much good on as many fronts as fast as possible. Blitz.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Jose and Oakland Ban Gas in New Buildings",
"headTitle": "San Jose and Oakland Ban Gas in New Buildings | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p2\">San Jose and Oakland are the latest California cities to ban natural gas in newly constructed homes and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Jose, after hours of public comment and debate on Tuesday, the City Council voted 8 to 3 in favor of the ban. Shortly after, the Oakland City Council unanimously passed a similar measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said his city’s new ordinance is about the “city we want to build in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“San Jose has been leading on climate initiatives for many years, but this move is particularly important as we try to set an example for cities throughout the country about how we can really move to a carbon-free future,” Liccardo said before the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">San Jose is the third largest city in California and Oakland the eighth largest. They now join dozens of other communities where only electricity will be used to heat homes and cook food in new buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">It was only last July that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berkeley\u003c/a> became the first city in the nation to prohibit gas in newly built structures. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/No-more-natural-gas-in-new-San-Francisco-15717658.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a> followed suit in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Opposition to Exemption\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Development groups have opposed the bans, arguing financial incentives are a better way to encourage electrification, while prohibitions on gas ovens and heaters put builders at a competitive disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Morales, a spokesperson for the California Building Industry Association, wrote in an email that the group “believes that with housing costs soaring, and California suffering blackouts, a piecemeal approach to energy usage for homes hurts consumers and jeopardizes power supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A comprehensive and incentive based approach is needed to solve our climate problems not mandates and restrictions,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The California Restaurant Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">pushed back\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on Berkeley’s ban last year but did not publicly criticized the San Jose or Oakland measures. The group did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Addressing concerns that requiring electrical hookups in new buildings could drive up the cost of housing, Liccardo said forgoing the extension of gas infrastructure can save builders a lot in upfront costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of reasons to believe that this will actually make construction cheaper,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest controversy over the measure came from local environmentalists, who used the public comment session before the vote to criticize an exemption for hospitals, buildings that house computer servers and other critical infrastructure. The allowance of natural-gas fuel cells as a source of backup electricity for these structures derailed the measure the first time it came up for a vote. But the council voted Tuesday in favor of the exemption, which it will reconsider in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Hutchins-Knowles, co-founder of the Silicon Valley chapter of Mothers Out Front, a climate change advocacy group, said the city is weakening the ban with harmful carveouts, calling them “unnecessary and very detrimental to our climate goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fuel cells run 24/7, 365,” she said about the technology that is meant to be used as a backup. “It’s like killing a flea with a tank.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo defended the exemptions. “(F)or those who critically need reliability, they’re just going out and buying dirty diesel backup generators,’” he said. “And it doesn’t benefit anyone if we’re just forcing folks to buy more and more diesel backups and run that dirty diesel every time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland Joins ‘A Wave of Cities’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, William Gilchrist, the city’s director of planning and building, last month \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=8932329&GUID=7A375751-D6A2-456B-A847-6734A9557886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recommended\u003c/a> adoption of the gas ban. By requiring electrical hookups, Oakland “will send a strong market signal to retailers, construction workers, contractors, repair technicians, and more that they need to prepare for a rapid transition to all-electric appliances and infrastructure,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LibbySchaaf/status/1334010712562143238?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Builders Alliance, a group that represents architects and construction firms, \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/12/01/oakland-city-council-to-consider-banning-natural-gas-from-new-buildings/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">told\u003c/span>\u003c/a> CBS Bay Area that the ban will add uncertainty and will make the building process more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pierre Delforge, a senior scientist in building decarbonization with the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the moves by San Jose and Oakland along with those by other cities show a growing momentum around the use of all-electric building codes as a tool to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only been 16 months [since Berkeley passed the first gas ban] and we’ve seen this wave of cities all the way from Southern California\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>… up to the north coast,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "San Jose is the largest city in California to ban natural gas in new buildings. Now, only electric stoves and heating will be allowed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p2\">San Jose and Oakland are the latest California cities to ban natural gas in newly constructed homes and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Jose, after hours of public comment and debate on Tuesday, the City Council voted 8 to 3 in favor of the ban. Shortly after, the Oakland City Council unanimously passed a similar measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said his city’s new ordinance is about the “city we want to build in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">“San Jose has been leading on climate initiatives for many years, but this move is particularly important as we try to set an example for cities throughout the country about how we can really move to a carbon-free future,” Liccardo said before the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">San Jose is the third largest city in California and Oakland the eighth largest. They now join dozens of other communities where only electricity will be used to heat homes and cook food in new buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">It was only last July that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berkeley\u003c/a> became the first city in the nation to prohibit gas in newly built structures. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/No-more-natural-gas-in-new-San-Francisco-15717658.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a> followed suit in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Opposition to Exemption\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Development groups have opposed the bans, arguing financial incentives are a better way to encourage electrification, while prohibitions on gas ovens and heaters put builders at a competitive disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Morales, a spokesperson for the California Building Industry Association, wrote in an email that the group “believes that with housing costs soaring, and California suffering blackouts, a piecemeal approach to energy usage for homes hurts consumers and jeopardizes power supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A comprehensive and incentive based approach is needed to solve our climate problems not mandates and restrictions,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">The California Restaurant Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">pushed back\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on Berkeley’s ban last year but did not publicly criticized the San Jose or Oakland measures. The group did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">Addressing concerns that requiring electrical hookups in new buildings could drive up the cost of housing, Liccardo said forgoing the extension of gas infrastructure can save builders a lot in upfront costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of reasons to believe that this will actually make construction cheaper,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest controversy over the measure came from local environmentalists, who used the public comment session before the vote to criticize an exemption for hospitals, buildings that house computer servers and other critical infrastructure. The allowance of natural-gas fuel cells as a source of backup electricity for these structures derailed the measure the first time it came up for a vote. But the council voted Tuesday in favor of the exemption, which it will reconsider in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Hutchins-Knowles, co-founder of the Silicon Valley chapter of Mothers Out Front, a climate change advocacy group, said the city is weakening the ban with harmful carveouts, calling them “unnecessary and very detrimental to our climate goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fuel cells run 24/7, 365,” she said about the technology that is meant to be used as a backup. “It’s like killing a flea with a tank.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo defended the exemptions. “(F)or those who critically need reliability, they’re just going out and buying dirty diesel backup generators,’” he said. “And it doesn’t benefit anyone if we’re just forcing folks to buy more and more diesel backups and run that dirty diesel every time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland Joins ‘A Wave of Cities’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, William Gilchrist, the city’s director of planning and building, last month \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=8932329&GUID=7A375751-D6A2-456B-A847-6734A9557886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recommended\u003c/a> adoption of the gas ban. By requiring electrical hookups, Oakland “will send a strong market signal to retailers, construction workers, contractors, repair technicians, and more that they need to prepare for a rapid transition to all-electric appliances and infrastructure,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Builders Alliance, a group that represents architects and construction firms, \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/12/01/oakland-city-council-to-consider-banning-natural-gas-from-new-buildings/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">told\u003c/span>\u003c/a> CBS Bay Area that the ban will add uncertainty and will make the building process more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pierre Delforge, a senior scientist in building decarbonization with the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the moves by San Jose and Oakland along with those by other cities show a growing momentum around the use of all-electric building codes as a tool to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only been 16 months [since Berkeley passed the first gas ban] and we’ve seen this wave of cities all the way from Southern California\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>… up to the north coast,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-elect Joe Biden has said that the environment and climate change will be top priorities of his administration. On Jan. 20, Biden will not only take the helm of a country shaken by climate-driven disasters like wildfires and hurricanes, but also inherit the consequences of the Trump administration’s rollback of environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To discuss what experts and environmentalists think Biden needs to do to repair U.S. environmental and climate policy, and also the relative ineffectiveness of the Trump administration’s attacks on environmental regulation, KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Rolling Stone magazine’s chief research editor, \u003cstrong>Hannah Murphy\u003c/strong>, who wrote in September about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969876/would-joe-biden-be-able-to-reverse-trumps-climate-damage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">environmental challenges\u003c/a> a Biden administration would face. The following excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how bad is it? How much damage did Trump manage to do to environmental regulations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hannah Murphy\u003c/em>: It depends on how you measure it. The Trump administration came in with one of the most anti-environmental agendas in U.S. history, and we did see them roll back around 100 environmental regulations, which is enormous. That can’t be discounted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the saving grace here is that, according to experts and advocates I talked to, the Trump administration was really quite bad at it. The rule-making process is very procedural. The administration was predominantly making executive rules, and in that process they rushed through it. In many cases, they skipped over the public comment period, which is a key legal process in making these rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By doing that, they opened up an obvious opportunity to take them to court, where advocates have been incredibly successful. So far they’ve challenged more than 80 rules and won nearly 70 of them. So all of these have been tied up throughout the courts, and the administration hasn’t seen any significant progress in its agenda. Instead they’ve really just cost us four years of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So does Biden just go in and try to reinstate these regulations that Trump tried to roll back?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where we come back to the rule-making process. The big work that the Biden administration is going to have to do is spend 18 months to two years reinstating all of these regulations, and doing them correctly, unlike the Trump administration. He needs to learn from that process of cutting corners and really do it right. That will take the first half of his term, but it can really help them stick, because right now we also have a makeup of the courts that we weren’t anticipating coming into this election. So these rules need to be bulletproof if they’re going to not be challenged by a six to three Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do the experts and advocates say that Biden should start on, Day One?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of options. Just like we saw with the Trump administration, the executive branch has a lot of power to take action on environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most pronounced option is for the Biden administration to declare a national climate emergency. This would very explicitly reposition the U.S. as a player in the fight against climate change. Both nationally and internationally we’ve lost that standing in a lot of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only would it send an important message, it would give the administration practical power to mobilize the government. It would also allow the U.S. to use the might of the American military by directing it toward the challenges of climate change and clean energy development. And it would give them the tools necessary to treat climate change as serious of a crisis as it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But, does Biden have the mandate to do something that forceful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many advocates would argue he does. When the Obama administration took office, only 30% of Americans believed protecting the environment should be a top priority for the government. Now, two-thirds of Americans believe that. That is a dramatic change. Climate was a huge part of Biden’s campaign, and it’s part of what got him into office. I think the political mandate is there. As recently as September, Democratic voters were ranking climate change as one of the most important issues in this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You mention we have lost four years to climate inaction. Is there one thing Biden should do that would cut greenhouse gas emissions the most? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transportation is key — it’s the largest contributor to U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. The Trump administration loosened the Obama regulations for fuel economy standards, so we have a whole generation of cars being built under Trump’s loosened rules; those vehicles are going to be on the road for 10 years. So restoring the fuel economy standards would be hugely impactful. The sooner we make those changes, the sooner we can rectify that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reports say that Mary Nichols, head of California’s Air Resources Board, is on the short list to run the Environmental Protection Agency. How important would that be? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s short list is ever evolving and includes some incredibly heavy hitters like Mary Nichols. Whoever does take that job has an enormous task ahead of them. The agency has been drained of staff; many people and advocates weren’t willing to stay on board when the Trump administration took over. And then the administration moved staff out of D.C. — a lot of really bizarre moves. So the most important thing that whoever is in that role can do is on day one start rebuilding the agency. So whether it’s Mary Nichols or any of the several other people on that short list, they have a huge job ahead of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>President Trump has put his weight behind fossil fuels. What can Biden do that would redirect investment into renewable energy and jobs? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s climate plan is in large part also a jobs plan. In redirecting job-building toward a focus on clean energy, you can move enormous amounts of research and resources toward this work. It’s one of the enormous benefits of having a comprehensive climate plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that is a much longer process, and Biden would actually have the power on day one to help keep more fossil fuels in the ground. Biden has a lot of tools that he can use right away. He can direct the secretary of the interior to halt oil and gas leasing and fracking on federal lands. We used to have a ban on exporting crude oil that he could reinstitute. He can halt the development of fossil fuel infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reports say President Trump is trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/28/939629348/trump-administration-moves-to-sell-drilling-rights-to-alaskas-arctic-national-wi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fast-track\u003c/a> oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. How likely is that to be successful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, it’s hard to say because we don’t know exactly how he plans to go about this. There are a couple of ways this could go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was I think the biggest concern heading into a potential second term for Trump, because in a lot of the conversations I had, I kept hearing, “Well, you can fix regulations, but you can’t undrill a well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we won’t have another four years of Trump, and this process takes longer than a couple of months. The Trump administration is going to rush this through. They have already made clear that they’re not going to observe the traditional processes here, but any of these sales are very likely to be subject to review by agencies that are within the Biden administration come January, including the Bureau of Land Management and Justice Department. That process will take a month or two, and could allow the Biden White House to deny these leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden hasn’t indicated how he plans to do that. Many advocates have argued that the scientific assessment of the areas that they’ve put up for sale isn’t sound. And that is certainly one way the Biden administration could undermine this. So there are options. But we have to wait and see what the Trump administration does in the next couple months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Donald Trump had one of the most antienvironmental agendas in U.S. history, says Rolling Stone's Hannah Murphy. However, his administration 'was really quite bad' at carrying out its plans. KQED talks to Murphy about this and what Joe Biden can do to put the environment front and center.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect Joe Biden has said that the environment and climate change will be top priorities of his administration. On Jan. 20, Biden will not only take the helm of a country shaken by climate-driven disasters like wildfires and hurricanes, but also inherit the consequences of the Trump administration’s rollback of environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To discuss what experts and environmentalists think Biden needs to do to repair U.S. environmental and climate policy, and also the relative ineffectiveness of the Trump administration’s attacks on environmental regulation, KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Rolling Stone magazine’s chief research editor, \u003cstrong>Hannah Murphy\u003c/strong>, who wrote in September about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969876/would-joe-biden-be-able-to-reverse-trumps-climate-damage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">environmental challenges\u003c/a> a Biden administration would face. The following excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how bad is it? How much damage did Trump manage to do to environmental regulations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hannah Murphy\u003c/em>: It depends on how you measure it. The Trump administration came in with one of the most anti-environmental agendas in U.S. history, and we did see them roll back around 100 environmental regulations, which is enormous. That can’t be discounted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the saving grace here is that, according to experts and advocates I talked to, the Trump administration was really quite bad at it. The rule-making process is very procedural. The administration was predominantly making executive rules, and in that process they rushed through it. In many cases, they skipped over the public comment period, which is a key legal process in making these rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By doing that, they opened up an obvious opportunity to take them to court, where advocates have been incredibly successful. So far they’ve challenged more than 80 rules and won nearly 70 of them. So all of these have been tied up throughout the courts, and the administration hasn’t seen any significant progress in its agenda. Instead they’ve really just cost us four years of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So does Biden just go in and try to reinstate these regulations that Trump tried to roll back?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where we come back to the rule-making process. The big work that the Biden administration is going to have to do is spend 18 months to two years reinstating all of these regulations, and doing them correctly, unlike the Trump administration. He needs to learn from that process of cutting corners and really do it right. That will take the first half of his term, but it can really help them stick, because right now we also have a makeup of the courts that we weren’t anticipating coming into this election. So these rules need to be bulletproof if they’re going to not be challenged by a six to three Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do the experts and advocates say that Biden should start on, Day One?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of options. Just like we saw with the Trump administration, the executive branch has a lot of power to take action on environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most pronounced option is for the Biden administration to declare a national climate emergency. This would very explicitly reposition the U.S. as a player in the fight against climate change. Both nationally and internationally we’ve lost that standing in a lot of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only would it send an important message, it would give the administration practical power to mobilize the government. It would also allow the U.S. to use the might of the American military by directing it toward the challenges of climate change and clean energy development. And it would give them the tools necessary to treat climate change as serious of a crisis as it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But, does Biden have the mandate to do something that forceful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many advocates would argue he does. When the Obama administration took office, only 30% of Americans believed protecting the environment should be a top priority for the government. Now, two-thirds of Americans believe that. That is a dramatic change. Climate was a huge part of Biden’s campaign, and it’s part of what got him into office. I think the political mandate is there. As recently as September, Democratic voters were ranking climate change as one of the most important issues in this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You mention we have lost four years to climate inaction. Is there one thing Biden should do that would cut greenhouse gas emissions the most? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transportation is key — it’s the largest contributor to U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. The Trump administration loosened the Obama regulations for fuel economy standards, so we have a whole generation of cars being built under Trump’s loosened rules; those vehicles are going to be on the road for 10 years. So restoring the fuel economy standards would be hugely impactful. The sooner we make those changes, the sooner we can rectify that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reports say that Mary Nichols, head of California’s Air Resources Board, is on the short list to run the Environmental Protection Agency. How important would that be? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s short list is ever evolving and includes some incredibly heavy hitters like Mary Nichols. Whoever does take that job has an enormous task ahead of them. The agency has been drained of staff; many people and advocates weren’t willing to stay on board when the Trump administration took over. And then the administration moved staff out of D.C. — a lot of really bizarre moves. So the most important thing that whoever is in that role can do is on day one start rebuilding the agency. So whether it’s Mary Nichols or any of the several other people on that short list, they have a huge job ahead of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>President Trump has put his weight behind fossil fuels. What can Biden do that would redirect investment into renewable energy and jobs? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s climate plan is in large part also a jobs plan. In redirecting job-building toward a focus on clean energy, you can move enormous amounts of research and resources toward this work. It’s one of the enormous benefits of having a comprehensive climate plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that is a much longer process, and Biden would actually have the power on day one to help keep more fossil fuels in the ground. Biden has a lot of tools that he can use right away. He can direct the secretary of the interior to halt oil and gas leasing and fracking on federal lands. We used to have a ban on exporting crude oil that he could reinstitute. He can halt the development of fossil fuel infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reports say President Trump is trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/28/939629348/trump-administration-moves-to-sell-drilling-rights-to-alaskas-arctic-national-wi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fast-track\u003c/a> oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. How likely is that to be successful?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, it’s hard to say because we don’t know exactly how he plans to go about this. There are a couple of ways this could go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was I think the biggest concern heading into a potential second term for Trump, because in a lot of the conversations I had, I kept hearing, “Well, you can fix regulations, but you can’t undrill a well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we won’t have another four years of Trump, and this process takes longer than a couple of months. The Trump administration is going to rush this through. They have already made clear that they’re not going to observe the traditional processes here, but any of these sales are very likely to be subject to review by agencies that are within the Biden administration come January, including the Bureau of Land Management and Justice Department. That process will take a month or two, and could allow the Biden White House to deny these leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden hasn’t indicated how he plans to do that. Many advocates have argued that the scientific assessment of the areas that they’ve put up for sale isn’t sound. And that is certainly one way the Biden administration could undermine this. So there are options. But we have to wait and see what the Trump administration does in the next couple months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "San Jose Primed to Ban Natural Gas in Most New Buildings",
"headTitle": "San Jose Primed to Ban Natural Gas in Most New Buildings | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Dec. 2 2020: \u003c/strong>Both San Jose and Oakland have passed bans on natural gas in new buildings and homes. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971356/san-jose-and-oakland-ban-gas-in-new-buildings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read the story here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose City Council will vote Tuesday on a measure to ban natural gas in nearly all newly constructed buildings beginning in August. If the ban passes, the city will become the largest in California to adopt rules requiring all-electric appliances in new homes and towering office buildings alike in an effort to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution is supported by Mayor Sam Liccardo, city staff and many other city leaders who argue prohibiting natural gas in new buildings will accelerate a transition to a renewable energy future for San Jose while making homes more efficient and affordable for residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incumbent on every city and every resident to take aggressive action amid this climate emergency,” the mayor said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/Home/Components/News/News/2114/4959\">statement\u003c/a> earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When San Jose \u003ca href=\"https://sanjose.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4132691&GUID=C858CD3B-1DC6-435E-A50E-A3BFA2B909F8&Options=&Search=\">declared\u003c/a> a climate emergency last year, the city committed to prohibiting natural gas in new buildings citywide by 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s proposal follows Berkeley’s fist-in-the-nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\">ban\u003c/a>. San Francisco and many other California cities have passed similar rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Jose’s plan could have the largest impact. The city — home to more than 1 million residents — revealed in its latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showdocument?id=44752\">inventory\u003c/a> that building emissions account for a third of the city’s emissions of planet-warming gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city estimates the ban will prevent 608,000 tons of carbon emissions from wafting into the atmosphere over the next half century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Few Exemptions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hospitals and small in-law units will be exempt from the new ban, while some restaurants, industrial facilities and other businesses will have a limited extension from the mandate through the year 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These facility types, which can have specialized operations and may lack emerging market examples, can be allowed longer time to transition to all-electric options,” wrote Kerrie Romanow, director of San Jose’s environmental services department, in a memo to city staff; adding that “these exemptions are not expected to severely impact [greenhouse gas] emissions reductions given their limited availability and limited applicability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city received pushback from local environmentalists for one of its exemptions: a late proposal that would allow buildings with computer servers and other critical equipment to use natural gas fuel cells as a source of backup electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, utilities in California have cut power to prevent power lines from touching off wildfires during critically dangerous fire weather. In August, a scorching heat wave forced the state’s regional grid operator to institute \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842647/what-caused-augusts-rolling-blackouts-experts-say-its-still-not-totally-clear\">rolling blackouts\u003c/a> to conserve power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backup diesel generators have long provided electricity during blackouts — but they operate at the cost of generating substantial amounts of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Silicon Valley’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomenergy.com/\">Bloom Energy \u003c/a>have sold an alternative: fuel cells that provide power derived from natural gas but without combustion. The technology generates less smog, but it \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2020/02/13/the-forbes-investigation-how-bloom-energy-blew-through-billions-promising-cheap-green-tech-that-falls-short/?sh=37e4fe5b3e5f\">still emits\u003c/a> planet-warming gases. And unlike diesel generators — which are turned on during an outage — the fuel cells are a primary source of electricity year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='natural-gas']The Silicon Valley chapter of Mothers Out Front, a climate advocacy group, argues that the city is undercutting the intention of its ban by allowing the technology. Linda Hutchins-Knowles, the chapter co-founder, said the exemption is “both unnecessary and very detrimental to our climate goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fuel cells run 24/7, 365,” she said. “Companies will always have power and never have to worry about a power shut off. It’s like killing a flea with a tank. Their customers had very few power outages last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city originally said the fuel cell exemption would expire only when “low or zero-carbon fuels are commercially available,” but has since said it would end sooner, at the end of 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a memo to the City Council on the issue, Romanow noted that diesel generators produce “more pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour than their natural gas fuel cell counterparts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom executives defended their technology in a letter to the city, saying it improves air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health and environmental impacts of combustion-related pollutants are both very significant and readily quantifiable — and have become even more apparent in the age of COVID,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Push to Ban Gas in New Construction Statewide\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Natural gas appliances have become a big target in the fight against global warming. Electricity has a lower carbon footprint in California than natural gas, because the state is investing heavily in renewable energy. In 2018, half of the state’s electricity came from sources free of carbon emissions, such as solar and wind, as well as hydropower and nuclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Walker, a research associate at the Natural Resources Defense Council, which helped the city with the ban, said the measure will help fight climate change. From dangerous, dirty air to the annual threat of wildfire, the climate crisis is an “ever-present reality in San Jose,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/pierre-delforge/its-time-california-build-cheaper-faster-cleaner\">pushing\u003c/a> the California Energy Commission to do more than entice homeowners to electrify everything and ban natural gas in new buildings statewide through an update to its building energy code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of California cities and counties opting out of polluting, costly gas infrastructure in new buildings continues to grow, but more communities need to follow suit in order to meet our state’s climate goals,” she said. “It’s time for the state to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Energy Commission has an opportunity to bring the benefits of healthier, more affordable, and climate-safe new construction to people across California by establishing a statewide standard to move new buildings off of gas,” Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo touted the city’s policies as a global model for climate sustainability and thanked NRDC, other local environmental advocates, companies, and Bloomberg Philanthropies for a “collective effort” to push the city forward on the natural gas ban and other climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "If a new ban passes Tuesday, the city would become California's largest to adopt climate rules requiring all-electric construction in most new buildings, from homes to offices.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Dec. 2 2020: \u003c/strong>Both San Jose and Oakland have passed bans on natural gas in new buildings and homes. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971356/san-jose-and-oakland-ban-gas-in-new-buildings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read the story here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose City Council will vote Tuesday on a measure to ban natural gas in nearly all newly constructed buildings beginning in August. If the ban passes, the city will become the largest in California to adopt rules requiring all-electric appliances in new homes and towering office buildings alike in an effort to fight climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution is supported by Mayor Sam Liccardo, city staff and many other city leaders who argue prohibiting natural gas in new buildings will accelerate a transition to a renewable energy future for San Jose while making homes more efficient and affordable for residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incumbent on every city and every resident to take aggressive action amid this climate emergency,” the mayor said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/Home/Components/News/News/2114/4959\">statement\u003c/a> earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When San Jose \u003ca href=\"https://sanjose.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4132691&GUID=C858CD3B-1DC6-435E-A50E-A3BFA2B909F8&Options=&Search=\">declared\u003c/a> a climate emergency last year, the city committed to prohibiting natural gas in new buildings citywide by 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s proposal follows Berkeley’s fist-in-the-nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945656/trade-in-your-gas-stove-to-save-the-planet-berkeley-bans-natural-gas\">ban\u003c/a>. San Francisco and many other California cities have passed similar rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Jose’s plan could have the largest impact. The city — home to more than 1 million residents — revealed in its latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showdocument?id=44752\">inventory\u003c/a> that building emissions account for a third of the city’s emissions of planet-warming gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city estimates the ban will prevent 608,000 tons of carbon emissions from wafting into the atmosphere over the next half century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Few Exemptions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hospitals and small in-law units will be exempt from the new ban, while some restaurants, industrial facilities and other businesses will have a limited extension from the mandate through the year 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These facility types, which can have specialized operations and may lack emerging market examples, can be allowed longer time to transition to all-electric options,” wrote Kerrie Romanow, director of San Jose’s environmental services department, in a memo to city staff; adding that “these exemptions are not expected to severely impact [greenhouse gas] emissions reductions given their limited availability and limited applicability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city received pushback from local environmentalists for one of its exemptions: a late proposal that would allow buildings with computer servers and other critical equipment to use natural gas fuel cells as a source of backup electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, utilities in California have cut power to prevent power lines from touching off wildfires during critically dangerous fire weather. In August, a scorching heat wave forced the state’s regional grid operator to institute \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842647/what-caused-augusts-rolling-blackouts-experts-say-its-still-not-totally-clear\">rolling blackouts\u003c/a> to conserve power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backup diesel generators have long provided electricity during blackouts — but they operate at the cost of generating substantial amounts of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Silicon Valley’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomenergy.com/\">Bloom Energy \u003c/a>have sold an alternative: fuel cells that provide power derived from natural gas but without combustion. The technology generates less smog, but it \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2020/02/13/the-forbes-investigation-how-bloom-energy-blew-through-billions-promising-cheap-green-tech-that-falls-short/?sh=37e4fe5b3e5f\">still emits\u003c/a> planet-warming gases. And unlike diesel generators — which are turned on during an outage — the fuel cells are a primary source of electricity year round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Silicon Valley chapter of Mothers Out Front, a climate advocacy group, argues that the city is undercutting the intention of its ban by allowing the technology. Linda Hutchins-Knowles, the chapter co-founder, said the exemption is “both unnecessary and very detrimental to our climate goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These fuel cells run 24/7, 365,” she said. “Companies will always have power and never have to worry about a power shut off. It’s like killing a flea with a tank. Their customers had very few power outages last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city originally said the fuel cell exemption would expire only when “low or zero-carbon fuels are commercially available,” but has since said it would end sooner, at the end of 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a memo to the City Council on the issue, Romanow noted that diesel generators produce “more pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour than their natural gas fuel cell counterparts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloom executives defended their technology in a letter to the city, saying it improves air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health and environmental impacts of combustion-related pollutants are both very significant and readily quantifiable — and have become even more apparent in the age of COVID,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Push to Ban Gas in New Construction Statewide\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Natural gas appliances have become a big target in the fight against global warming. Electricity has a lower carbon footprint in California than natural gas, because the state is investing heavily in renewable energy. In 2018, half of the state’s electricity came from sources free of carbon emissions, such as solar and wind, as well as hydropower and nuclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Walker, a research associate at the Natural Resources Defense Council, which helped the city with the ban, said the measure will help fight climate change. From dangerous, dirty air to the annual threat of wildfire, the climate crisis is an “ever-present reality in San Jose,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/pierre-delforge/its-time-california-build-cheaper-faster-cleaner\">pushing\u003c/a> the California Energy Commission to do more than entice homeowners to electrify everything and ban natural gas in new buildings statewide through an update to its building energy code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of California cities and counties opting out of polluting, costly gas infrastructure in new buildings continues to grow, but more communities need to follow suit in order to meet our state’s climate goals,” she said. “It’s time for the state to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Energy Commission has an opportunity to bring the benefits of healthier, more affordable, and climate-safe new construction to people across California by establishing a statewide standard to move new buildings off of gas,” Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo touted the city’s policies as a global model for climate sustainability and thanked NRDC, other local environmental advocates, companies, and Bloomberg Philanthropies for a “collective effort” to push the city forward on the natural gas ban and other climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Jerry Brown's Climate Advice to Biden: Rebuild Credibility, Disregard Environmental Advocates",
"headTitle": "Jerry Brown’s Climate Advice to Biden: Rebuild Credibility, Disregard Environmental Advocates | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">The man who presided over one of the most ambitious climate change agendas in the world has some advice for Joe Biden, who in a matter of weeks will become president of the only nation in the world to have signed and then left the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, former Gov. Jerry Brown said Biden will need to rebuild U.S. credibility on the issue, focussing on the United Nations climate change \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/conferences/glasgow-climate-change-conference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">conference\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in Glasgow in November 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]‘This is complicated stuff. What do we do and in what order? The advocates will be marching around for whatever they want, but the leader has to set in motion a process that can be managed sequentially, not all at once.’[/pullquote]Meanwhile, Brown advised, don’t pay too much attention to the “folks that have a banner” or “some great environmental writer who writes columns and gets in all the important publications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, who said he was part of “the most successful climate fighting government in the Western Hemisphere,” said some environmentalists will “have their slogans and their framing.” But he said Biden should ignore them and tackle the issue “carefully, engaging different stakeholders,” unfolding policies in a logical sequence rather than all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is not satisfying to the advocates,” he said. “It’s delayed gratification. But that’s how you have to do it.\u003ci>”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown suggested the new president create strong international partnerships “so that the work becomes a planetary imperative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He called the Glasgow conference “the next pivot point,” saying, “Everything ought to be focused on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s first order of business should be to immediately talk to President Xi Jinping of China in order to\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>reestablish a “partnership” that “led to the Paris agreement,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Now, can that be done with all the China bashing? Only with great aplomb and skill by President Biden. Anything less would shortchange this problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown’s focus on China is not surprising. Last September, the former governor announced a climate-focused think tank at UC Berkeley, a partnership with China’s top climate official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission of the \u003ca href=\"https://ccci.berkeley.edu/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">California-China Climate Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is to spur action through \u003cspan class=\"s2\">joint research, training and dialogue, according to the organization’s website. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The collaboration is also an end-run around the Trump administration, first announced when the U.S. was in the process of withdrawing from the 2015 Paris Agreement and embarking on a trade war with China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown says another environmental priority for Biden should be the reversal of all the regulatory rollbacks initiated under President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s deregulation of environmental rules spurred dozens of lawsuits by California, including a challenge to\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>the science that the Environmental Protection Agency used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923269/california-sues-over-plan-to-scrap-car-emission-standards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">roll back emission standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956060/epa-rolls-back-obama-era-rules-protecting-rivers-and-wetlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">justification for new water rules\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and its plan to ease methane restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During his first tour as governor, from 1975 to 1983, Brown promoted solar and wind power, then fledgling technologies. Chicago columnist Mike Royko saddled him with the nickname “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/weekinreview/07mckinley.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Governor Moonbeam\u003c/span>\u003c/a>” due to Brown’s popularity with young, idealistic voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In his second gubernatorial stint, from 2011 to 2019, renewable energy gained significant ground and carbon emissions declined, both while the California economy boomed. But Brown left office two years ago without ever convincing some environmentalists on the left to embrace California’s cap-and-trade program, one of his signature climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many environmental justice groups in California still see the program, which allows industry to offset their carbon emissions by buying and trading credits to emit the gases that drive global warming, as a kind of Rube Goldberg mechanism that has allowed companies to pollute in some of the state’s poorest neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown now says that directly taxing companies that emit carbon “obviously makes sense at some point,” but he’s dismissive of environmentalists who call for an immediate end to domestic oil production and other more sweeping climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>This is complicated stuff,” Brown said. “What do we do and in what order? The advocates will be marching around for whatever they want, but the leader has to set in motion a process that can be managed sequentially, not all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t just spill your guts out,” he said, followed by the sound of “Blargh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown ran through a litany of what he considers to be reductionist slogans. “‘’Carbon price,’ ‘’stop fracking,’ ‘stop the pipeline,’ ‘stop buying fossil fuel cars,’” he recited. “No. When they ask: ‘Why don’t you say something that will make everybody mad and go to the barricades and make sure we are totally ineffective in fighting climate change?’ I would say, ‘That is dumb.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown did say he’s heartened by news reports that Biden is assembling a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/climate/biden-climate-change.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">climate administration\u003c/span>\u003c/a>” that might include Mary Nichols, chair of the California Air Resources Board, who worked with him to implement cap-and-trade and other climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">The man who presided over one of the most ambitious climate change agendas in the world has some advice for Joe Biden, who in a matter of weeks will become president of the only nation in the world to have signed and then left the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, former Gov. Jerry Brown said Biden will need to rebuild U.S. credibility on the issue, focussing on the United Nations climate change \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/conferences/glasgow-climate-change-conference\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">conference\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in Glasgow in November 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘This is complicated stuff. What do we do and in what order? The advocates will be marching around for whatever they want, but the leader has to set in motion a process that can be managed sequentially, not all at once.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Meanwhile, Brown advised, don’t pay too much attention to the “folks that have a banner” or “some great environmental writer who writes columns and gets in all the important publications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, who said he was part of “the most successful climate fighting government in the Western Hemisphere,” said some environmentalists will “have their slogans and their framing.” But he said Biden should ignore them and tackle the issue “carefully, engaging different stakeholders,” unfolding policies in a logical sequence rather than all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is not satisfying to the advocates,” he said. “It’s delayed gratification. But that’s how you have to do it.\u003ci>”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown suggested the new president create strong international partnerships “so that the work becomes a planetary imperative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He called the Glasgow conference “the next pivot point,” saying, “Everything ought to be focused on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s first order of business should be to immediately talk to President Xi Jinping of China in order to\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>reestablish a “partnership” that “led to the Paris agreement,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Now, can that be done with all the China bashing? Only with great aplomb and skill by President Biden. Anything less would shortchange this problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown’s focus on China is not surprising. Last September, the former governor announced a climate-focused think tank at UC Berkeley, a partnership with China’s top climate official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission of the \u003ca href=\"https://ccci.berkeley.edu/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">California-China Climate Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is to spur action through \u003cspan class=\"s2\">joint research, training and dialogue, according to the organization’s website. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The collaboration is also an end-run around the Trump administration, first announced when the U.S. was in the process of withdrawing from the 2015 Paris Agreement and embarking on a trade war with China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown says another environmental priority for Biden should be the reversal of all the regulatory rollbacks initiated under President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s deregulation of environmental rules spurred dozens of lawsuits by California, including a challenge to\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>the science that the Environmental Protection Agency used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1923269/california-sues-over-plan-to-scrap-car-emission-standards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">roll back emission standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956060/epa-rolls-back-obama-era-rules-protecting-rivers-and-wetlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">justification for new water rules\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and its plan to ease methane restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During his first tour as governor, from 1975 to 1983, Brown promoted solar and wind power, then fledgling technologies. Chicago columnist Mike Royko saddled him with the nickname “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/weekinreview/07mckinley.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Governor Moonbeam\u003c/span>\u003c/a>” due to Brown’s popularity with young, idealistic voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In his second gubernatorial stint, from 2011 to 2019, renewable energy gained significant ground and carbon emissions declined, both while the California economy boomed. But Brown left office two years ago without ever convincing some environmentalists on the left to embrace California’s cap-and-trade program, one of his signature climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many environmental justice groups in California still see the program, which allows industry to offset their carbon emissions by buying and trading credits to emit the gases that drive global warming, as a kind of Rube Goldberg mechanism that has allowed companies to pollute in some of the state’s poorest neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown now says that directly taxing companies that emit carbon “obviously makes sense at some point,” but he’s dismissive of environmentalists who call for an immediate end to domestic oil production and other more sweeping climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>This is complicated stuff,” Brown said. “What do we do and in what order? The advocates will be marching around for whatever they want, but the leader has to set in motion a process that can be managed sequentially, not all at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t just spill your guts out,” he said, followed by the sound of “Blargh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown ran through a litany of what he considers to be reductionist slogans. “‘’Carbon price,’ ‘’stop fracking,’ ‘stop the pipeline,’ ‘stop buying fossil fuel cars,’” he recited. “No. When they ask: ‘Why don’t you say something that will make everybody mad and go to the barricades and make sure we are totally ineffective in fighting climate change?’ I would say, ‘That is dumb.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown did say he’s heartened by news reports that Biden is assembling a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/climate/biden-climate-change.html\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">climate administration\u003c/span>\u003c/a>” that might include Mary Nichols, chair of the California Air Resources Board, who worked with him to implement cap-and-trade and other climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "GM Abandons Trump's Battle With California Over Clean Car Rules",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">General Motors says it will no longer support the Trump administration in legal efforts to end California’s right to set its own clean-air standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">CEO Mary Barra said in a letter Monday to environmental groups that GM will pull out of the lawsuit, urging other automakers to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">She said the company agrees with President-elect Joe Biden’s plan to expand electric vehicle use. Last week, GM said it is testing a new battery chemistry that will bring electric-vehicle costs down to those of gas-powered vehicles within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Barra sent the letter after a Monday morning conversation with Mary Nichols, head of California’s Air Resources Board, the company said. The board is the state’s air pollution regulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“We believe the ambitious electrification goals of the President-elect, California, and General Motors are aligned, to address climate change by drastically reducing automobile emissions,” Barra said in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Nichols called GM’s announcement good news. “I was pleased to be in communication with Mary Barra again,” she said. “It’s been a while since we had talked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Dan Becker of the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the environmental groups Barra wrote to, said GM was wrong in trying to stop California from protecting its people from auto pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Now the other automakers must follow GM and withdraw support for (President Donald) Trump’s attack on clean cars,” he said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The White House had no immediate comment Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Ron Klain, Biden’s incoming chief of staff, wrote on Twitter that he is glad to see the president-elect’s leadership “is already encouraging progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Last year General Motors, Fiat Chrysler, Toyota and 10 smaller automakers sided with the Trump administration in a lawsuit over whether California has the right to set its own standards for greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The companies said they would intervene in a lawsuit filed by the Environmental Defense Fund against the Trump administration, which has rolled back national pollution and gas mileage standards enacted while Barack Obama was president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The group called itself the “Coalition or Sustainable Automotive Regulation” and also included Nissan, Hyundai, Kia, Subaru, Isuzu, Suzuki, Maserati, McLaren, Aston-Martin and Ferrari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene,” John Bozzella, CEO of Global Automakers and spokesman for the coalition, said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Toyota, one of the big automakers in the coalition favoring the Trump standards, said Monday it is reconsidering its position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In a statement, the company said it has supported year-over-year increases in fuel economy standards, and it joined the coalition because most other automakers agreed there should be a single U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Given the changing circumstances, we are assessing the situation, but remain committed to our goal of a consistent, unitary set of fuel economy standards applicable in all 50 states,” Toyota said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The initial move put the coalition automakers at odds with five other companies — BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, Volvo and Honda — that backed California and endorsed stricter emissions and fuel economy standards than proposed by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">But the coalition’s stance was not so straightforward. For instance, although it opposed California, it still wanted Trump and the state to compromise on one national regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In September of 2019, Trump announced his administration would seek to revoke California’s congressionally granted authority to set standards that are stricter than those issued by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The move came after Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen signed a deal with the California Air Resources Board, which had been at odds with the Trump administration for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Many automakers have said in the past that they support increasing the standards, but not as much as those affirmed in the waning days of the Obama administration in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Under the Obama administration requirements, the fleet of new vehicles would have to average 30 mpg in real-world driving by 2021, rising to 36 mpg in 2025. Those increases would be about 5% per year. The Trump administration’s plan increased fuel economy by 1.5% per year, backing off an earlier proposal to freeze the requirements at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Automakers say that because buyers are switching to larger trucks and SUVs, many companies would not be able to meet the stricter standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Shares of GM rose nearly 5% to $45.11 in Monday afternoon trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kathleen Ronayne in Sacramento, California, and Aamer Madhani in Washington, D.C., contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">General Motors says it will no longer support the Trump administration in legal efforts to end California’s right to set its own clean-air standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">CEO Mary Barra said in a letter Monday to environmental groups that GM will pull out of the lawsuit, urging other automakers to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">She said the company agrees with President-elect Joe Biden’s plan to expand electric vehicle use. Last week, GM said it is testing a new battery chemistry that will bring electric-vehicle costs down to those of gas-powered vehicles within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Barra sent the letter after a Monday morning conversation with Mary Nichols, head of California’s Air Resources Board, the company said. The board is the state’s air pollution regulator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“We believe the ambitious electrification goals of the President-elect, California, and General Motors are aligned, to address climate change by drastically reducing automobile emissions,” Barra said in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Nichols called GM’s announcement good news. “I was pleased to be in communication with Mary Barra again,” she said. “It’s been a while since we had talked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Dan Becker of the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the environmental groups Barra wrote to, said GM was wrong in trying to stop California from protecting its people from auto pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Now the other automakers must follow GM and withdraw support for (President Donald) Trump’s attack on clean cars,” he said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The White House had no immediate comment Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Ron Klain, Biden’s incoming chief of staff, wrote on Twitter that he is glad to see the president-elect’s leadership “is already encouraging progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Last year General Motors, Fiat Chrysler, Toyota and 10 smaller automakers sided with the Trump administration in a lawsuit over whether California has the right to set its own standards for greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The companies said they would intervene in a lawsuit filed by the Environmental Defense Fund against the Trump administration, which has rolled back national pollution and gas mileage standards enacted while Barack Obama was president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The group called itself the “Coalition or Sustainable Automotive Regulation” and also included Nissan, Hyundai, Kia, Subaru, Isuzu, Suzuki, Maserati, McLaren, Aston-Martin and Ferrari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene,” John Bozzella, CEO of Global Automakers and spokesman for the coalition, said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Toyota, one of the big automakers in the coalition favoring the Trump standards, said Monday it is reconsidering its position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In a statement, the company said it has supported year-over-year increases in fuel economy standards, and it joined the coalition because most other automakers agreed there should be a single U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Given the changing circumstances, we are assessing the situation, but remain committed to our goal of a consistent, unitary set of fuel economy standards applicable in all 50 states,” Toyota said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The initial move put the coalition automakers at odds with five other companies — BMW, Ford, Volkswagen, Volvo and Honda — that backed California and endorsed stricter emissions and fuel economy standards than proposed by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">But the coalition’s stance was not so straightforward. For instance, although it opposed California, it still wanted Trump and the state to compromise on one national regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In September of 2019, Trump announced his administration would seek to revoke California’s congressionally granted authority to set standards that are stricter than those issued by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The move came after Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen signed a deal with the California Air Resources Board, which had been at odds with the Trump administration for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Many automakers have said in the past that they support increasing the standards, but not as much as those affirmed in the waning days of the Obama administration in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Under the Obama administration requirements, the fleet of new vehicles would have to average 30 mpg in real-world driving by 2021, rising to 36 mpg in 2025. Those increases would be about 5% per year. The Trump administration’s plan increased fuel economy by 1.5% per year, backing off an earlier proposal to freeze the requirements at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Automakers say that because buyers are switching to larger trucks and SUVs, many companies would not be able to meet the stricter standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Shares of GM rose nearly 5% to $45.11 in Monday afternoon trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kathleen Ronayne in Sacramento, California, and Aamer Madhani in Washington, D.C., contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Five Big Trump Environmental Rollbacks Biden Could Try to Reverse",
"headTitle": "Five Big Trump Environmental Rollbacks Biden Could Try to Reverse | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if President-elect Joe Biden can reassemble the pieces of climate policy shattered by President Donald Trump, it is not likely to be adequate to tackle the challenge of global warming, which has grown substantially after four years of inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biden faces science that paints a more alarming picture than it did four years ago and federal courts that, with Trump appointees, will be more skeptical of presidential power to act than when President Barack Obama put in place the first U.S. regulations to cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Biden to bring the United States back into the Paris climate accord and achieve his ambitious goal of setting the United States on path to net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century, his team will have to attain deeper cuts in pollution than Obama sought, while having to work harder to bulletproof their actions against legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration has rolled back \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/climate-deregulation-tracker\">more than 100 environmental regulations\u003c/a> in the last four years — including rules on offshore drilling, management of water pollution at coal power plants, monitoring air pollution at oil refineries, and permits for pipeline construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“President Biden will have his work cut out for him to reverse the damage done,” said Dan Lashof, U.S. director of the World Resources Institute. “To be successful, he’s going to need to focus on a smaller number of very high-impact actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate policy experts say they expect Biden’s team to focus on five Trump rollbacks in particular that have set back the nation’s progress in cutting emissions: rollbacks on clean cars, clean power, climate super-pollutants, methane leaks from oil and gas operations and gas from landfills. Taken together, those will result in the release of at least an additional 1.8 billion to 2.1 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by 2035 if they are not reversed, according to \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/the-rollback-of-us-climate-policy/#:~:text=Rhodium%20Group%20has%20analyzed%20the,to%20the%20atmosphere%20by%202035.\">a recent analysis \u003c/a>by the Rhodium Group consulting firm. That’s equivalent to more than one year’s emissions from Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration currently is in court facing multiple legal challenges over all five deregulatory actions — cases that the Biden administration now will inherit, and almost certainly will ask the courts to hold in abeyance while it reviews and revises the regulations. (The Trump administration did exactly that with litigation over the Obama rules when it took over in January 2017.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although the Biden administration will want to move quickly, there are few viable shortcuts in the process of writing new regulations, a process that can take two to three years. In fact, the Trump administration faced numerous setbacks in the courts, mainly because it did not adequately justify its actions or skipped the needed notice and comment procedures. The Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University Law School tallied \u003ca href=\"https://policyintegrity.org/trump-court-roundup\">some 80 adverse rulings\u003c/a> for the Trump administration in lawsuits over its weakening of environmental rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Whether you’re building the building up, or you’re tearing the building down, or rebuilding it up again, you have to go through the same steps,” said David Doniger, director of the climate and clean energy program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group that has led many of the legal challenges of Trump’s regulatory rollbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some had hoped that Biden would be able to rely on Congress to help repeal some of the Trump deregulatory actions. Using a Newt Gingrich-era law called the Congressional Review Act, Congress repealed 17 Obama administration rules after Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But unless the Democrats gain control of the Senate by winning \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/all-eyes-georgia\">Georgia’s two runoff races\u003c/a> in January, the party will not be able to bring such measures to the floor without the approval of Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, Doniger believes that Biden has an advantage that Obama lacked when he embarked on climate policy — a groundswell of public support and attention. Climate change was a focus throughout the 2020 campaign, with Biden repeatedly framing it as one of the four great crises he faces, along with the coronavirus, the economy and racial justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have enormous challenges ahead of us, but we have a new opportunity for forward motion, and for action and for hope,” Doniger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even those who believe that Biden’s authority to use the regulatory process on climate is limited, think the atmosphere is favorable for progress. Jeff Holmstead, a partner in the law and lobbying firm Bracewell, who represents industry clients on clean air matters, argues that, even with a Republican-led Senate, the Biden White House should make its \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05112020/election-2020-biden-mcconnell-senate-climate-change-policy\">case to Congress \u003c/a>instead of relying too heavily on new regulations. “There are many people in the business community who would like to see climate legislation,” Holmstead said. “They would like the business certainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are the big climate regulations that environmental law experts believe will be high on the Biden team’s agenda, as well as the challenges they will face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Clean Cars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden talked about his vision for an electric vehicle future in a campaign ad that featured his vintage 1967 Corvette Stingray, a wedding gift from his father, a car salesman. The message: He is seeking a transformational move away from the internal combustion engine that doesn’t leave behind the American love of the automobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1971115 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/TrumpClimateRollbacksChart529px-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/TrumpClimateRollbacksChart529px-2.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/TrumpClimateRollbacksChart529px-2-160x198.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003cbr>\nBiden will have a chance early on to show if he can bring the auto industry aboard. One of the highest priority items for his climate agenda will be to undo the largest of the Trump administration’s regulatory rollbacks — eliminating the Obama program to boost the fuel economy of cars and SUVs to 54.5 miles per gallon by Model Year 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump plan, which ratcheted down the goal to 40 mpg by 2026 — a mark automakers were expected to hit with or without a rule — has the potential to release 1 gigaton of additional greenhouse gas pollution into the atmosphere by 2035, according to the Rhodium Group. That’s close to one year’s emissions from Japan, and equal to the impact of the four other big climate rollbacks put together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden can’t tackle climate without action on passenger vehicles, which have driven transportation to surpass electric power as the No. 1 source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key will be California, which has for 50 years had the leeway to set its own tough standards under the Clean Air Act, because it acted on pollution before the rest of the nation. As part of its rollback, Trump revoked California’s authority to act on greenhouse gas emissions. The result has been exactly what the carmakers said they didn’t want: the uncertainty of litigation, with 14 states supporting California’s battle against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s already one compromise solution that might provide a template for Biden. Five automakers (Ford, Honda, BMW, Volkswagen and Volvo), accounting for 30% of the U.S. market, have cut a deal with California, agreeing to improve fuel economy from 38 mpg today to 51 mpg by 2026, a slightly less ambitious timetable than the Obama plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That may well become the foundation for a new federal regulation,” said Michael Gerrard, founder and faculty director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University. The result would be the kind of nationwide uniform standard that carmakers had under the Obama plan, and that all agree they prefer. The trick will be mapping out a U.S. auto future beyond 2026; California Gov. Gavin Newsom in September pledged to ban all sales of gasoline-powered vehicles in the state by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Motors, the largest carmaker and manufacturer of Biden’s beloved Corvette, has not signed on to the California deal. Like the other American carmakers, General Motors is dependent on sales of highly profitable, gas guzzling pickup trucks and large SUVs. But it recently has sent signals in sync with the Biden plan, announcing a $2.2 billion investment in EV production in the United States, with factories in Michigan and Tennessee. GM also rolled out an all-electric Hummer that will be available next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as soon as it became apparent that Biden was going to win the election, that was a signal to all the automobile manufacturers that these new, stricter standards are coming,” said Gerrard. “And I don’t think that they’re waiting for the conclusion of the rulemaking process. That work is probably already underway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to regulation, Biden plans other moves to hasten an EV transition, including consumer incentives or rebates, the deployment of 500,000 charging stations across the United States and federal fleet purchases of electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Power And Beyond?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the toughest legal strategy challenges the Biden administration will face in addressing climate change is what to do about electric power plants and other industrial sources of greenhouse gases. Obama’s signature climate policy, the Clean Power Plan, was never implemented because of a stay issued by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia days before his death in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, the Trump administration put in place a weak replacement, the Affordable Clean Energy rule, which would reduce carbon emissions less than 1% when fully implemented in 2030. Even though half the states are on track to meet their goals under the Obama plan anyway, the rollback could mean 241 million metric additional tons of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere by 2035, according to Rhodium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration, supported by some industry groups and coal-dependent states led by West Virginia, has maintained that the Environmental Protection Agency had no authority to put in place a sweeping program like the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration, the EPA treated electric power plants as part of an interconnected system, and gave states the flexibility to allow utilities to meet pollution reduction goals by switching the power plants they relied on, moving from coal to natural gas and renewable energy. But the Trump administration argued that the Clean Air Act only gave EPA authority to require efficiency improvements within each individual power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the Trump administration gone, any attempt by the Biden team to simply reinstate the Obama approach will meet with a legal challenge from industry and from some states, which are confident that the Supreme Court, as now remade by Trump, will see things their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Clean Air Act contains very circumscribed regulatory programs that the EPA can use when it comes to industrial sources, including power plants,” said Holmstead, who served as a top official in President George W. Bush’s EPA. “All they can do is require existing facilities to improve their operations or to install emission controls. And neither of those things is going to accomplish very much in terms of reducing CO2 emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Biden’s environmental law advisers disagree with that legal interpretation, the team is looking for ways to make progress without getting mired for years in a legal battle. Some legal scholars have proposed that the administration consider shifting to the use of another provision of the Clean Air Act: one that gives the EPA power to require states to address emissions that contribute to air pollution that endangers public health or welfare in other countries, as long as those countries provide reciprocal protections. Another approach would be to focus on tightening the U.S. air quality standards for other pollutants from burning fossil fuels — like smog-causing pollutants and particulate matter — which would have the effect of reducing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doniger said that approach might especially make sense for the Biden administration, which will be trying to meet environmental justice goals at the same time as it tackles climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is hard, but worth doing,” said Doniger. “You would envision that the Biden EPA would not only focus on power plant carbon, but power plant emissions of other pollutants that especially burden people living in those communities which are over-polluted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet Biden’s goal of carbon-free electricity by 2035, whatever plan his team develops will have to go well beyond the Obama Clean Power Plan, which sought a 32% drop in carbon emissions by 2030. And the Biden administration can be expected to begin looking at regulating greenhouse gas emissions from industrial facilities beyond power plants, analysts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Refineries, cement plants, other facilities — their greenhouse gas emissions are not being regulated,” said Richard Revesz, director of the Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University Law School. “In order to meet his ambitious goals, he’ll have to look at the potential for reductions economy-wide. And I assume that other significant categories of polluters will come under the EPA’s regulatory reach. Strengthening, extending and regulating new areas will have to be undertaken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methane From Oil and Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration should have at least some industry support in its effort to restore the Obama administration regulation on methane emissions from oil and gas operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some leading oil and gas companies opposed the Trump administration’s rollback of the rules. Detecting and capturing methane, the main component of natural gas, is something the companies know how to do, and they would prefer a level playing field, where all companies are doing their part. The methane that they capture is natural gas that can be sold, although the payback for the investment in controls may be slow with natural gas prices low. The largest industry group, the American Petroleum Institute, supported Trump’s loosening of the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is 86 times more potent in warming the atmosphere over a 20-year period than carbon dioxide, the Biden administration will be able to make large progress in a short time by acting on the super-pollutant. And there is new outside pressure to do so: The European Union is working toward adopting \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2020/how-an-eu-carbon-border-tax-could-jolt-world-trade\">a methane strategy \u003c/a>\u003c/b>that may result in tariffs or border adjustments on the United States if the nation leaves methane from oil and gas unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect the Biden administration to do more than reinstate the Obama rules, which only covered new oil and gas operations. In order to get a handle on methane from the oil and gas industry, the EPA will have to tackle the much larger problem of methane leaking from existing operations. “That’s where the big reduction potentials are,” said Revesz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03032017/scott-pruitt-environmental-protection-agency-methane-greenhouse-gas-climate-change\">One of the first steps\u003c/a>\u003c/b> the Trump EPA took was to halt an effort begun under the Obama administration to gather information and measure just how large the methane problem from existing facilities was. Recent studies, using state-of-the-art monitoring techniques, have indicated that methane releases from the industry are twice as high as the \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22042020/permian-basin-methane-emissions-texas-new-mexico\">federal government previously estimated.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Super-Pollutants\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Trump administration repealed rules designed to curb the leaking and venting of a powerful group of greenhouse gases known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) from refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The greenhouse gas impact of the move was equivalent to\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27022020/epa-hfc-refrigerant-emissions-climate-hydrofluorocarbons-pollutant-andrew-wheeler\"> adding at least 625,000 new cars \u003c/a>\u003c/b>to the nation’s highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump EPA said its goal was to save businesses $24 million a year, and a group of industry players including BP, Boeing and Koch Industries pushed hard for the repeal. But the manufacturers of alternative refrigerants, including Honeywell and Chemours, a DuPont spinoff, support a global phaseout of HFCs, as nations had agreed to in 2016 in an international pact reached in Kigali, Rwanda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s effort to reinstate HFC regulation may get a boost from Congress, where bipartisan legislation to phase out the super-pollutants, co-sponsored by Sens. Tom Carper, D-Del., and John Kennedy, R-La., has 31 co-sponsors, including 16 Republicans. One provision of the bill is designed to make clear that EPA has the authority to regulate HFCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landfill Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration hasn’t disputed that there is a need to address air pollution from landfills. It has simply delayed doing anything about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Municipal waste landfills not only are the nation’s third-largest source of methane pollution (behind the energy and agriculture industries), the landfills also emit hazardous pollutants like benzene and volatile organic compounds that lead to the formation of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its final year, the Obama administration approved a rule that required states to submit their plans for controlling landfill gas within nine months. But the Trump administration put off enforcement of the requirement, and after lawsuits by states and environmental groups, the administration last year approved a new rule that gave states three years to act. Late last year, U.S. District Judge Haywood Gilliam, an Obama-appointed federal judge in Northern California, accused the Trump administration of attempting to sidestep its previous orders and the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This scenario presents a serious concern that in cases where a judgment is premised on an agency’s failure to meet deadlines, that agency can perpetually evade judicial review through amendment, even after a violation has been found,” Gilliam wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in October, the Trump administration got a reprieve, when a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, including two of Trump’s own appointees, reversed that ruling and said that the EPA could take more time to act on landfill gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By reinstating the Obama rules, the Biden administration could cut greenhouse gas emissions by the equivalent of 46 million metric tons of carbon dioxide through 2035 — the equivalent of closing down a dozen coal-fired power plants. But among the obstacles the Biden administration may face are courts like the 9th Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court, which may be inclined to extend the deregulatory legacy of Trump long after he leaves office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Together, the five Trump administration regulations would release an additional 1.8 billion to 2.1 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by 2035.\r\n\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if President-elect Joe Biden can reassemble the pieces of climate policy shattered by President Donald Trump, it is not likely to be adequate to tackle the challenge of global warming, which has grown substantially after four years of inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Biden faces science that paints a more alarming picture than it did four years ago and federal courts that, with Trump appointees, will be more skeptical of presidential power to act than when President Barack Obama put in place the first U.S. regulations to cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Biden to bring the United States back into the Paris climate accord and achieve his ambitious goal of setting the United States on path to net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century, his team will have to attain deeper cuts in pollution than Obama sought, while having to work harder to bulletproof their actions against legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration has rolled back \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/climate-deregulation-tracker\">more than 100 environmental regulations\u003c/a> in the last four years — including rules on offshore drilling, management of water pollution at coal power plants, monitoring air pollution at oil refineries, and permits for pipeline construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“President Biden will have his work cut out for him to reverse the damage done,” said Dan Lashof, U.S. director of the World Resources Institute. “To be successful, he’s going to need to focus on a smaller number of very high-impact actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate policy experts say they expect Biden’s team to focus on five Trump rollbacks in particular that have set back the nation’s progress in cutting emissions: rollbacks on clean cars, clean power, climate super-pollutants, methane leaks from oil and gas operations and gas from landfills. Taken together, those will result in the release of at least an additional 1.8 billion to 2.1 billion metric tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by 2035 if they are not reversed, according to \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/the-rollback-of-us-climate-policy/#:~:text=Rhodium%20Group%20has%20analyzed%20the,to%20the%20atmosphere%20by%202035.\">a recent analysis \u003c/a>by the Rhodium Group consulting firm. That’s equivalent to more than one year’s emissions from Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration currently is in court facing multiple legal challenges over all five deregulatory actions — cases that the Biden administration now will inherit, and almost certainly will ask the courts to hold in abeyance while it reviews and revises the regulations. (The Trump administration did exactly that with litigation over the Obama rules when it took over in January 2017.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although the Biden administration will want to move quickly, there are few viable shortcuts in the process of writing new regulations, a process that can take two to three years. In fact, the Trump administration faced numerous setbacks in the courts, mainly because it did not adequately justify its actions or skipped the needed notice and comment procedures. The Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University Law School tallied \u003ca href=\"https://policyintegrity.org/trump-court-roundup\">some 80 adverse rulings\u003c/a> for the Trump administration in lawsuits over its weakening of environmental rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Whether you’re building the building up, or you’re tearing the building down, or rebuilding it up again, you have to go through the same steps,” said David Doniger, director of the climate and clean energy program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group that has led many of the legal challenges of Trump’s regulatory rollbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some had hoped that Biden would be able to rely on Congress to help repeal some of the Trump deregulatory actions. Using a Newt Gingrich-era law called the Congressional Review Act, Congress repealed 17 Obama administration rules after Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">But unless the Democrats gain control of the Senate by winning \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/all-eyes-georgia\">Georgia’s two runoff races\u003c/a> in January, the party will not be able to bring such measures to the floor without the approval of Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, Doniger believes that Biden has an advantage that Obama lacked when he embarked on climate policy — a groundswell of public support and attention. Climate change was a focus throughout the 2020 campaign, with Biden repeatedly framing it as one of the four great crises he faces, along with the coronavirus, the economy and racial justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have enormous challenges ahead of us, but we have a new opportunity for forward motion, and for action and for hope,” Doniger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even those who believe that Biden’s authority to use the regulatory process on climate is limited, think the atmosphere is favorable for progress. Jeff Holmstead, a partner in the law and lobbying firm Bracewell, who represents industry clients on clean air matters, argues that, even with a Republican-led Senate, the Biden White House should make its \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05112020/election-2020-biden-mcconnell-senate-climate-change-policy\">case to Congress \u003c/a>instead of relying too heavily on new regulations. “There are many people in the business community who would like to see climate legislation,” Holmstead said. “They would like the business certainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are the big climate regulations that environmental law experts believe will be high on the Biden team’s agenda, as well as the challenges they will face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Clean Cars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden talked about his vision for an electric vehicle future in a campaign ad that featured his vintage 1967 Corvette Stingray, a wedding gift from his father, a car salesman. The message: He is seeking a transformational move away from the internal combustion engine that doesn’t leave behind the American love of the automobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1971115 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/TrumpClimateRollbacksChart529px-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/TrumpClimateRollbacksChart529px-2.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/11/TrumpClimateRollbacksChart529px-2-160x198.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003cbr>\nBiden will have a chance early on to show if he can bring the auto industry aboard. One of the highest priority items for his climate agenda will be to undo the largest of the Trump administration’s regulatory rollbacks — eliminating the Obama program to boost the fuel economy of cars and SUVs to 54.5 miles per gallon by Model Year 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump plan, which ratcheted down the goal to 40 mpg by 2026 — a mark automakers were expected to hit with or without a rule — has the potential to release 1 gigaton of additional greenhouse gas pollution into the atmosphere by 2035, according to the Rhodium Group. That’s close to one year’s emissions from Japan, and equal to the impact of the four other big climate rollbacks put together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden can’t tackle climate without action on passenger vehicles, which have driven transportation to surpass electric power as the No. 1 source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key will be California, which has for 50 years had the leeway to set its own tough standards under the Clean Air Act, because it acted on pollution before the rest of the nation. As part of its rollback, Trump revoked California’s authority to act on greenhouse gas emissions. The result has been exactly what the carmakers said they didn’t want: the uncertainty of litigation, with 14 states supporting California’s battle against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s already one compromise solution that might provide a template for Biden. Five automakers (Ford, Honda, BMW, Volkswagen and Volvo), accounting for 30% of the U.S. market, have cut a deal with California, agreeing to improve fuel economy from 38 mpg today to 51 mpg by 2026, a slightly less ambitious timetable than the Obama plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That may well become the foundation for a new federal regulation,” said Michael Gerrard, founder and faculty director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University. The result would be the kind of nationwide uniform standard that carmakers had under the Obama plan, and that all agree they prefer. The trick will be mapping out a U.S. auto future beyond 2026; California Gov. Gavin Newsom in September pledged to ban all sales of gasoline-powered vehicles in the state by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Motors, the largest carmaker and manufacturer of Biden’s beloved Corvette, has not signed on to the California deal. Like the other American carmakers, General Motors is dependent on sales of highly profitable, gas guzzling pickup trucks and large SUVs. But it recently has sent signals in sync with the Biden plan, announcing a $2.2 billion investment in EV production in the United States, with factories in Michigan and Tennessee. GM also rolled out an all-electric Hummer that will be available next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as soon as it became apparent that Biden was going to win the election, that was a signal to all the automobile manufacturers that these new, stricter standards are coming,” said Gerrard. “And I don’t think that they’re waiting for the conclusion of the rulemaking process. That work is probably already underway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to regulation, Biden plans other moves to hasten an EV transition, including consumer incentives or rebates, the deployment of 500,000 charging stations across the United States and federal fleet purchases of electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Power And Beyond?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the toughest legal strategy challenges the Biden administration will face in addressing climate change is what to do about electric power plants and other industrial sources of greenhouse gases. Obama’s signature climate policy, the Clean Power Plan, was never implemented because of a stay issued by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia days before his death in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last year, the Trump administration put in place a weak replacement, the Affordable Clean Energy rule, which would reduce carbon emissions less than 1% when fully implemented in 2030. Even though half the states are on track to meet their goals under the Obama plan anyway, the rollback could mean 241 million metric additional tons of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere by 2035, according to Rhodium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration, supported by some industry groups and coal-dependent states led by West Virginia, has maintained that the Environmental Protection Agency had no authority to put in place a sweeping program like the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration, the EPA treated electric power plants as part of an interconnected system, and gave states the flexibility to allow utilities to meet pollution reduction goals by switching the power plants they relied on, moving from coal to natural gas and renewable energy. But the Trump administration argued that the Clean Air Act only gave EPA authority to require efficiency improvements within each individual power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the Trump administration gone, any attempt by the Biden team to simply reinstate the Obama approach will meet with a legal challenge from industry and from some states, which are confident that the Supreme Court, as now remade by Trump, will see things their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Clean Air Act contains very circumscribed regulatory programs that the EPA can use when it comes to industrial sources, including power plants,” said Holmstead, who served as a top official in President George W. Bush’s EPA. “All they can do is require existing facilities to improve their operations or to install emission controls. And neither of those things is going to accomplish very much in terms of reducing CO2 emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Biden’s environmental law advisers disagree with that legal interpretation, the team is looking for ways to make progress without getting mired for years in a legal battle. Some legal scholars have proposed that the administration consider shifting to the use of another provision of the Clean Air Act: one that gives the EPA power to require states to address emissions that contribute to air pollution that endangers public health or welfare in other countries, as long as those countries provide reciprocal protections. Another approach would be to focus on tightening the U.S. air quality standards for other pollutants from burning fossil fuels — like smog-causing pollutants and particulate matter — which would have the effect of reducing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doniger said that approach might especially make sense for the Biden administration, which will be trying to meet environmental justice goals at the same time as it tackles climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is hard, but worth doing,” said Doniger. “You would envision that the Biden EPA would not only focus on power plant carbon, but power plant emissions of other pollutants that especially burden people living in those communities which are over-polluted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet Biden’s goal of carbon-free electricity by 2035, whatever plan his team develops will have to go well beyond the Obama Clean Power Plan, which sought a 32% drop in carbon emissions by 2030. And the Biden administration can be expected to begin looking at regulating greenhouse gas emissions from industrial facilities beyond power plants, analysts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Refineries, cement plants, other facilities — their greenhouse gas emissions are not being regulated,” said Richard Revesz, director of the Institute for Policy Integrity at New York University Law School. “In order to meet his ambitious goals, he’ll have to look at the potential for reductions economy-wide. And I assume that other significant categories of polluters will come under the EPA’s regulatory reach. Strengthening, extending and regulating new areas will have to be undertaken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methane From Oil and Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration should have at least some industry support in its effort to restore the Obama administration regulation on methane emissions from oil and gas operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some leading oil and gas companies opposed the Trump administration’s rollback of the rules. Detecting and capturing methane, the main component of natural gas, is something the companies know how to do, and they would prefer a level playing field, where all companies are doing their part. The methane that they capture is natural gas that can be sold, although the payback for the investment in controls may be slow with natural gas prices low. The largest industry group, the American Petroleum Institute, supported Trump’s loosening of the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is 86 times more potent in warming the atmosphere over a 20-year period than carbon dioxide, the Biden administration will be able to make large progress in a short time by acting on the super-pollutant. And there is new outside pressure to do so: The European Union is working toward adopting \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bcg.com/en-us/publications/2020/how-an-eu-carbon-border-tax-could-jolt-world-trade\">a methane strategy \u003c/a>\u003c/b>that may result in tariffs or border adjustments on the United States if the nation leaves methane from oil and gas unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect the Biden administration to do more than reinstate the Obama rules, which only covered new oil and gas operations. In order to get a handle on methane from the oil and gas industry, the EPA will have to tackle the much larger problem of methane leaking from existing operations. “That’s where the big reduction potentials are,” said Revesz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03032017/scott-pruitt-environmental-protection-agency-methane-greenhouse-gas-climate-change\">One of the first steps\u003c/a>\u003c/b> the Trump EPA took was to halt an effort begun under the Obama administration to gather information and measure just how large the methane problem from existing facilities was. Recent studies, using state-of-the-art monitoring techniques, have indicated that methane releases from the industry are twice as high as the \u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22042020/permian-basin-methane-emissions-texas-new-mexico\">federal government previously estimated.\u003c/a>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Super-Pollutants\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Trump administration repealed rules designed to curb the leaking and venting of a powerful group of greenhouse gases known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) from refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The greenhouse gas impact of the move was equivalent to\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27022020/epa-hfc-refrigerant-emissions-climate-hydrofluorocarbons-pollutant-andrew-wheeler\"> adding at least 625,000 new cars \u003c/a>\u003c/b>to the nation’s highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump EPA said its goal was to save businesses $24 million a year, and a group of industry players including BP, Boeing and Koch Industries pushed hard for the repeal. But the manufacturers of alternative refrigerants, including Honeywell and Chemours, a DuPont spinoff, support a global phaseout of HFCs, as nations had agreed to in 2016 in an international pact reached in Kigali, Rwanda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s effort to reinstate HFC regulation may get a boost from Congress, where bipartisan legislation to phase out the super-pollutants, co-sponsored by Sens. Tom Carper, D-Del., and John Kennedy, R-La., has 31 co-sponsors, including 16 Republicans. One provision of the bill is designed to make clear that EPA has the authority to regulate HFCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landfill Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration hasn’t disputed that there is a need to address air pollution from landfills. It has simply delayed doing anything about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Municipal waste landfills not only are the nation’s third-largest source of methane pollution (behind the energy and agriculture industries), the landfills also emit hazardous pollutants like benzene and volatile organic compounds that lead to the formation of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its final year, the Obama administration approved a rule that required states to submit their plans for controlling landfill gas within nine months. But the Trump administration put off enforcement of the requirement, and after lawsuits by states and environmental groups, the administration last year approved a new rule that gave states three years to act. Late last year, U.S. District Judge Haywood Gilliam, an Obama-appointed federal judge in Northern California, accused the Trump administration of attempting to sidestep its previous orders and the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This scenario presents a serious concern that in cases where a judgment is premised on an agency’s failure to meet deadlines, that agency can perpetually evade judicial review through amendment, even after a violation has been found,” Gilliam wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in October, the Trump administration got a reprieve, when a three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, including two of Trump’s own appointees, reversed that ruling and said that the EPA could take more time to act on landfill gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By reinstating the Obama rules, the Biden administration could cut greenhouse gas emissions by the equivalent of 46 million metric tons of carbon dioxide through 2035 — the equivalent of closing down a dozen coal-fired power plants. But among the obstacles the Biden administration may face are courts like the 9th Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court, which may be inclined to extend the deregulatory legacy of Trump long after he leaves office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Forecasting Wildfire Smoke Is Really Hard. Here's Why",
"headTitle": "Forecasting Wildfire Smoke Is Really Hard. Here’s Why | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Many in the Bay Area are going to remember Sept. 9, if not the date at least the weather conditions. The region woke up that morning under the odd gloom of reddish orange skies, as numerous wildfires generated thick smoke high in the atmosphere, blocking the sun, forcing streetlights into late-morning duty, and generally freaking people out. On social media, a search on the word “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969409/no-you-didnt-wake-up-to-the-apocalypse-wildfire-smoke-turns-bay-area-sky-orange-and-dark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">apocalyptic\u003c/a>” retrieved numerous declarations of dismay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of wildfire season has also been awful, if not quite as weird. Smoke choked the Bay Area for weeks on end, leading to a record 43 “Spare the Air Days” declared by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, including 30 that were consecutive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the increasing number of incidents in which the region is inundated with smoke, a heightened focus has emerged on its negative \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2020/08/26/wildfires-health-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health impacts\u003c/a>, including harm to the lungs, heart and brain, as well as the immune and endocrine systems. Smoke can also contribute to asthma, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and many other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So knowing more about when it will be wafting our way has become increasingly important. But while the government issues warnings about heat waves, gusty winds and red flag conditions, smoke forecasting is more difficult than predicting the weather, and residents have mostly had to rely on checking air quality websites for real-time guidance when they want to know if it’s okay to take a walk during a smoke event. That’s because beyond a few hours, it’s tough to know if smoke will clear out or linger due to weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complexity that goes into any smoke forecast is fairly mind-boggling. To know what might happen with smoke, you need to know what is going to happen with the wildfire producing it. And predicting fire behavior is extremely difficult, because variables like wind, storms, and the success firefighters are having containing a particular blaze can change moment to moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very hard to take into consideration, mathematically, the behavior of these fires,” said Ravan Ahmadov, a smoke forecaster for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the University of Colorado. “So, that’s a major problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/wZ2OktM9p_k\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahmadov works with the \u003ca href=\"https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/hrrr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High-Resolution Rapid Refresh\u003c/a> model, which provides hourly high-resolution updates of where wildfire smoke is as well as where it’s likely to travel. The model absorbs data from four polar-orbiting satellites from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA; several times a day, these eyes in the sky relay information about the amount of heat a fire is giving off and the kind of fuel it’s burning, both of which impact the amount of smoke emitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it forests, grassland, or maybe cropland?” Ahmadov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other factors the model takes into account are wind, weather and geography. For example, is rain imminent? Are there canyons or flatlands? Large bodies of water nearby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahmadov says comprehending the dynamics of a particular fire can make understanding the behavior of smoke emissions easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Still, the distribution of the smoke for a region like the Bay Area is a complex process,” he said. “It’s possible that in one part of the city, the smoke will be much denser than in another part of the same city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1305832852668309504\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local weather officials at NOAA or the Bay Area Air Quality Management District play a role as well, looking at computer models and applying knowledge of an area’s air flow, topology and reports of how a fire is unfolding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They provide us with valuable feedback,” Ahmadov said. “In which cases our model forecast worked well, in which cases it didn’t materialize, or where there were shortcomings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we have some work to do to improve smoke forecasting for the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key problem is accurately simulating the location of the smoke in the air column, knowing whether it will creep along the surface or float aloft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many times we see smoke in the sky, it’s hazy, even sometimes ash is falling, but it is not actually polluted where we live near the surface,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few months, firefighters have seen extreme fire behavior in which the blazes and dense smoke can create their own weather. The Creek Fire near Mammoth Lakes, for example, released so much heat it caused a thunderstorm to form. During a September heat wave, thick Central Valley smoke blocked the sun and reduced the temperature by at least 20 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a [scientific] community we need to do more work to incorporate fire behavior and the complex interactions of smoke with the weather system into our forecast models,” Ahmadov said. “And that requires more time, resources, money and [computing] power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason weather forecasts tend to be so much more reliable than those for smoke is that scientists have studied weather much longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with more extreme fires in a warming world, there is going to be plenty of opportunity to bone up on smoke, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "While we are used to getting all kinds of warnings about heat waves, gusty winds and red flag conditions, forecasting smoke is more difficult than predicting the weather.",
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"description": "While we are used to getting all kinds of warnings about heat waves, gusty winds and red flag conditions, forecasting smoke is more difficult than predicting the weather.",
"title": "Forecasting Wildfire Smoke Is Really Hard. Here's Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many in the Bay Area are going to remember Sept. 9, if not the date at least the weather conditions. The region woke up that morning under the odd gloom of reddish orange skies, as numerous wildfires generated thick smoke high in the atmosphere, blocking the sun, forcing streetlights into late-morning duty, and generally freaking people out. On social media, a search on the word “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969409/no-you-didnt-wake-up-to-the-apocalypse-wildfire-smoke-turns-bay-area-sky-orange-and-dark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">apocalyptic\u003c/a>” retrieved numerous declarations of dismay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of wildfire season has also been awful, if not quite as weird. Smoke choked the Bay Area for weeks on end, leading to a record 43 “Spare the Air Days” declared by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, including 30 that were consecutive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the increasing number of incidents in which the region is inundated with smoke, a heightened focus has emerged on its negative \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2020/08/26/wildfires-health-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health impacts\u003c/a>, including harm to the lungs, heart and brain, as well as the immune and endocrine systems. Smoke can also contribute to asthma, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and many other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So knowing more about when it will be wafting our way has become increasingly important. But while the government issues warnings about heat waves, gusty winds and red flag conditions, smoke forecasting is more difficult than predicting the weather, and residents have mostly had to rely on checking air quality websites for real-time guidance when they want to know if it’s okay to take a walk during a smoke event. That’s because beyond a few hours, it’s tough to know if smoke will clear out or linger due to weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complexity that goes into any smoke forecast is fairly mind-boggling. To know what might happen with smoke, you need to know what is going to happen with the wildfire producing it. And predicting fire behavior is extremely difficult, because variables like wind, storms, and the success firefighters are having containing a particular blaze can change moment to moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very hard to take into consideration, mathematically, the behavior of these fires,” said Ravan Ahmadov, a smoke forecaster for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the University of Colorado. “So, that’s a major problem.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/wZ2OktM9p_k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/wZ2OktM9p_k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Ahmadov works with the \u003ca href=\"https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/hrrr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High-Resolution Rapid Refresh\u003c/a> model, which provides hourly high-resolution updates of where wildfire smoke is as well as where it’s likely to travel. The model absorbs data from four polar-orbiting satellites from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA; several times a day, these eyes in the sky relay information about the amount of heat a fire is giving off and the kind of fuel it’s burning, both of which impact the amount of smoke emitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it forests, grassland, or maybe cropland?” Ahmadov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other factors the model takes into account are wind, weather and geography. For example, is rain imminent? Are there canyons or flatlands? Large bodies of water nearby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahmadov says comprehending the dynamics of a particular fire can make understanding the behavior of smoke emissions easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Still, the distribution of the smoke for a region like the Bay Area is a complex process,” he said. “It’s possible that in one part of the city, the smoke will be much denser than in another part of the same city.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Local weather officials at NOAA or the Bay Area Air Quality Management District play a role as well, looking at computer models and applying knowledge of an area’s air flow, topology and reports of how a fire is unfolding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They provide us with valuable feedback,” Ahmadov said. “In which cases our model forecast worked well, in which cases it didn’t materialize, or where there were shortcomings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we have some work to do to improve smoke forecasting for the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key problem is accurately simulating the location of the smoke in the air column, knowing whether it will creep along the surface or float aloft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many times we see smoke in the sky, it’s hazy, even sometimes ash is falling, but it is not actually polluted where we live near the surface,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few months, firefighters have seen extreme fire behavior in which the blazes and dense smoke can create their own weather. The Creek Fire near Mammoth Lakes, for example, released so much heat it caused a thunderstorm to form. During a September heat wave, thick Central Valley smoke blocked the sun and reduced the temperature by at least 20 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a [scientific] community we need to do more work to incorporate fire behavior and the complex interactions of smoke with the weather system into our forecast models,” Ahmadov said. “And that requires more time, resources, money and [computing] power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason weather forecasts tend to be so much more reliable than those for smoke is that scientists have studied weather much longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with more extreme fires in a warming world, there is going to be plenty of opportunity to bone up on smoke, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/near-real-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LANCE data system\u003c/a>, which makes enormous amounts of satellite information available to scientists around the world almost as soon as it’s collected, is powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How powerful?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Diane Davies, NASA, on the power of fire-detection satellites\"]‘We have been known to pick up a really hot barbecue.’[/pullquote]“We have been known to pick up a really hot barbecue,” said Diane Davies, operations manager for the program. “We have been known to pick up the old solar factory or oil rigs. We can pick up gas flares, volcanoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as those false alarms have to be filtered out, that kind of sensitivity allows for the precise location of newly ignited areas over vast amounts of land, a huge advantage in the age of climate-driven catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the lightning strike fires in August that sprouted up and down the state like the heads of the mythical multiheaded hydra, California wildfire season returned with a fury this year after a relatively mild 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of grappling with the sweep of conflagrations plaguing the state is knowing their size and location. In past decades, lookouts kept watch from towers around the West; a few are still in use. Occasionally someone driving or looking out a window sees smoke and calls authorities. In recent years, California has invested in expanding a network of \u003ca href=\"http://www.alertwildfire.org/northbay/index.html?v=81e002f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire-spotting cameras\u003c/a>. Planes, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.airforcemag.com/guard-aircraft-watching-california-fires-as-blazes-continue-to-spread/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Guard aircraft\u003c/a>, can locate flames and track their spread. In September, NASA initiated\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-takes-flight-to-study-californias-wildfire-burn-areas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> aerial surveys\u003c/a> to study burn areas, as well as landslide and debris-flow hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data, particularly for fires that spark in remote areas, can still be hard to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these cases, the watchers get help from on high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More specifically, from low Earth orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites thousands of miles above the surface have been spotting fires since the 1960s, capturing images that have grown continuously sharper and more sophisticated over the decades. New satellites launched by NOAA and NASA in just the last few years are providing a wealth of information about the surface of the planet, keeping scientists busy as they work to harness the full potential of the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say satellites are key to improving our knowledge of fires. Not only can they detect a burgeoning blaze, they can measure its size and predict firefighting hazards. They can also forecast smoke and study the accelerating effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"no\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65ce2cbc-238c-11eb-83c8-ebb5d6f907df\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early September, lightning and extreme wind and heat combined to cause some of the worst fires seen in decades and extremely dirty air. On the left in the image above, a satellite view of North America shows thick brown smoke blowing from fires along the West Coast. On the right, orange and blue pixels show the intensity of aerosol pollution coming from fires (identified in red). Both images are from the NOAA-NASA Suomi NPP satellite, using different sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Modern Life, Beamed to You via Satellite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites either rotate around or with the Earth. They use antennae to communicate with fixed spots on the ground, relaying images, weather data, telecommunications and other information. Russia famously launched the first mechanical satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, marking the start of the space age. Currently, an \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database?_ga=2.206523283.1848871521.1598077135-464362950.1598077135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimated \u003c/a>2,787 functioning satellites are in orbit around Earth, and even more that are no longer operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites have improved weather forecasts and tracked changes in agriculture, forests and sea ice. They have shrunk the globe by carrying live television broadcasts from around the world and allowing connections between far-flung points on the map. They have also revolutionized how we navigate — when is the last time you needed to ask for directions? In many ways, they make our modern lives what they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire community uses satellites equipped with instruments that can quite literally see heat. Sensors pick up hot spots by detecting infrared radiation. To avoid false alarms — like homing in on the heat generated by someone’s barbecue, as mentioned above — the data is filtered through algorithms that govern what to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar-orbiting satellites like NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://aqua.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aqua\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://terra.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terra \u003c/a>are currently the best at spotting fires. These have the finest-scaled resolution, but because they image both hemispheres, only relay information \u003ca href=\"https://aqua.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twice\u003c/a> a day. That’s useful for extremely remote areas like the Amazon. But California responders, responsible for population zones all over the state, need to keep a constant watch. That’s where geostationary satellites come in: Rotating with the Earth, they appear to hover in place if you were to view one from the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA and NOAA launched the most advanced geostationary satellites in 2017 and 2018, respectively. But “the algorithm isn’t yet good enough for us to use,” NASA’s Davies said. “There are still quite a lot of false alarms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she is hopeful these orbiting eyes in the sky will eventually change the fire-spotting game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of research groups are working furiously toward that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Spot Fires Faster\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes people who are in charge are under the impression that they know for sure when a fire starts, that they know early enough,” said Alexander Koltunov, a scientist with the Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1936516\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 879px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1936516 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: GOES-17 in orbit\" width=\"879\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin.jpg 879w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-800x441.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-768x424.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-375x207.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-520x287.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 879px) 100vw, 879px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The GOES West satellite is “geostationary,” meaning it rotates in sync with the Earth. \u003ccite>(Lockheed-Martin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But they are often mistaken, he says, asserting that some fires in California go undetected for hours. Koltunov hopes to cut that time down considerably by creating a second-generation algorithm for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cstarsd3s.ucdavis.edu/systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GOES Early Fire Detection\u003c/a> system, which provides image analysis that aims to spot ignitions sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a retrospective case study using the 2013 Rim Fire, the system identified the blaze 15 minutes before the actual initial report, and beat \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/FIRE/Layers/ABBA/abba.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NOAA’s fire detection algorithm \u003c/a>by 15 minutes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The newer version in development is showing even greater promise,” because “the new GOES is so much better than the old one,” Koltunov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he’s quick to stress that satellites will not be able to spot every ignition quickly enough to make a difference in response time, fire agencies can use the satellite’s data to understand the characteristics of a particular blaze and the landscape around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helps them appropriately allocate resources and plan their risks and tradeoffs,” Koltunov said. That’s important because in a year like this, resources are shrinking compared to the growth of the problem, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NR0fXlZ096Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding Snags and Keeping Tabs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During or after a wildfire, dead standing trees, called snags, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwcg.gov/committee/6mfs/felling-safety/falling-snags\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pose a danger\u003c/a> to anyone on the ground, and they’re especially hazardous for firefighters working on windy nights. So Koltunov is spearheading another UC Davis project designed to help firefighters avoid injury from falling trees in infernos like the Creek Fire, which has burned about 380,000 acres, mostly in the Sierra National Forest. More than half of the trees were killed in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are dead trees?” said Koltunov. “How long have they been dead? Are they standing or fallen down?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service is using a beta version, known as the Ecosystem Disturbance and Recovery Tracker, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cstarsd3s.ucdavis.edu/systems/edart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eDaRT\u003c/a>, to generate snag hazard maps in order to assess the risk of sending crews to certain areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koltunov says an agency might think twice about sending people into an area where “trees are going to fall over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In massive wildfires, heat signatures picked up by satellites can keep firefighters and fire mappers informed about the size, border and movement of a blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been revolutionary for the fire scientists to be able to study how the perimeters grow,” said James Randerson, an Earth science professor at UC Irvine. “A lot of the records you get from fire agencies, like from Cal Fire, are actually derived … from satellite data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when Cal Fire announces that 4 million acres have burned, it uses satellite images to help calculate that total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like Randerson also use the information to track climate change and its effects around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen fires increasingly more destructive in California and northern \u003ca href=\"http://ibfra.org/about-boreal-forests/#:~:text=From%20a%20biological%20perspective%2C%20boreal,a%20canopy%20cover%20of%2010%25.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">boreal forests\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> He’s tracked fires in the Amazon linked to deforestation. He’s noticed the disappearance of wildfire from tropical savannas and grasslands where it traditionally supports large grazing animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he hopes information about previously hidden fires in the understory of tropical forests, now viewable by satellite, can guide conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites are part of the unseen — and uncelebrated — firefighting arsenal. To members of the public, the information they bring can seem magical, even if it is generally taken for granted. Peel back the map, the image, the forecast though, and ingenious researchers and sophisticated sky machines are hard at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/near-real-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LANCE data system\u003c/a>, which makes enormous amounts of satellite information available to scientists around the world almost as soon as it’s collected, is powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How powerful?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We have been known to pick up a really hot barbecue,” said Diane Davies, operations manager for the program. “We have been known to pick up the old solar factory or oil rigs. We can pick up gas flares, volcanoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as those false alarms have to be filtered out, that kind of sensitivity allows for the precise location of newly ignited areas over vast amounts of land, a huge advantage in the age of climate-driven catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the lightning strike fires in August that sprouted up and down the state like the heads of the mythical multiheaded hydra, California wildfire season returned with a fury this year after a relatively mild 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of grappling with the sweep of conflagrations plaguing the state is knowing their size and location. In past decades, lookouts kept watch from towers around the West; a few are still in use. Occasionally someone driving or looking out a window sees smoke and calls authorities. In recent years, California has invested in expanding a network of \u003ca href=\"http://www.alertwildfire.org/northbay/index.html?v=81e002f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire-spotting cameras\u003c/a>. Planes, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.airforcemag.com/guard-aircraft-watching-california-fires-as-blazes-continue-to-spread/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Guard aircraft\u003c/a>, can locate flames and track their spread. In September, NASA initiated\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-takes-flight-to-study-californias-wildfire-burn-areas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> aerial surveys\u003c/a> to study burn areas, as well as landslide and debris-flow hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But data, particularly for fires that spark in remote areas, can still be hard to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these cases, the watchers get help from on high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More specifically, from low Earth orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites thousands of miles above the surface have been spotting fires since the 1960s, capturing images that have grown continuously sharper and more sophisticated over the decades. New satellites launched by NOAA and NASA in just the last few years are providing a wealth of information about the surface of the planet, keeping scientists busy as they work to harness the full potential of the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say satellites are key to improving our knowledge of fires. Not only can they detect a burgeoning blaze, they can measure its size and predict firefighting hazards. They can also forecast smoke and study the accelerating effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"no\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65ce2cbc-238c-11eb-83c8-ebb5d6f907df\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early September, lightning and extreme wind and heat combined to cause some of the worst fires seen in decades and extremely dirty air. On the left in the image above, a satellite view of North America shows thick brown smoke blowing from fires along the West Coast. On the right, orange and blue pixels show the intensity of aerosol pollution coming from fires (identified in red). Both images are from the NOAA-NASA Suomi NPP satellite, using different sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Modern Life, Beamed to You via Satellite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites either rotate around or with the Earth. They use antennae to communicate with fixed spots on the ground, relaying images, weather data, telecommunications and other information. Russia famously launched the first mechanical satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, marking the start of the space age. Currently, an \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database?_ga=2.206523283.1848871521.1598077135-464362950.1598077135\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimated \u003c/a>2,787 functioning satellites are in orbit around Earth, and even more that are no longer operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites have improved weather forecasts and tracked changes in agriculture, forests and sea ice. They have shrunk the globe by carrying live television broadcasts from around the world and allowing connections between far-flung points on the map. They have also revolutionized how we navigate — when is the last time you needed to ask for directions? In many ways, they make our modern lives what they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire community uses satellites equipped with instruments that can quite literally see heat. Sensors pick up hot spots by detecting infrared radiation. To avoid false alarms — like homing in on the heat generated by someone’s barbecue, as mentioned above — the data is filtered through algorithms that govern what to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar-orbiting satellites like NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://aqua.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aqua\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://terra.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terra \u003c/a>are currently the best at spotting fires. These have the finest-scaled resolution, but because they image both hemispheres, only relay information \u003ca href=\"https://aqua.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twice\u003c/a> a day. That’s useful for extremely remote areas like the Amazon. But California responders, responsible for population zones all over the state, need to keep a constant watch. That’s where geostationary satellites come in: Rotating with the Earth, they appear to hover in place if you were to view one from the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA and NOAA launched the most advanced geostationary satellites in 2017 and 2018, respectively. But “the algorithm isn’t yet good enough for us to use,” NASA’s Davies said. “There are still quite a lot of false alarms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she is hopeful these orbiting eyes in the sky will eventually change the fire-spotting game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of research groups are working furiously toward that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Spot Fires Faster\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes people who are in charge are under the impression that they know for sure when a fire starts, that they know early enough,” said Alexander Koltunov, a scientist with the Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1936516\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 879px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1936516 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: GOES-17 in orbit\" width=\"879\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin.jpg 879w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-800x441.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-768x424.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-375x207.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/01/GOESwest_LockheedMartin-520x287.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 879px) 100vw, 879px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The GOES West satellite is “geostationary,” meaning it rotates in sync with the Earth. \u003ccite>(Lockheed-Martin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But they are often mistaken, he says, asserting that some fires in California go undetected for hours. Koltunov hopes to cut that time down considerably by creating a second-generation algorithm for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cstarsd3s.ucdavis.edu/systems/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GOES Early Fire Detection\u003c/a> system, which provides image analysis that aims to spot ignitions sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a retrospective case study using the 2013 Rim Fire, the system identified the blaze 15 minutes before the actual initial report, and beat \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/FIRE/Layers/ABBA/abba.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NOAA’s fire detection algorithm \u003c/a>by 15 minutes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The newer version in development is showing even greater promise,” because “the new GOES is so much better than the old one,” Koltunov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he’s quick to stress that satellites will not be able to spot every ignition quickly enough to make a difference in response time, fire agencies can use the satellite’s data to understand the characteristics of a particular blaze and the landscape around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helps them appropriately allocate resources and plan their risks and tradeoffs,” Koltunov said. That’s important because in a year like this, resources are shrinking compared to the growth of the problem, he says.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/NR0fXlZ096Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/NR0fXlZ096Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding Snags and Keeping Tabs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During or after a wildfire, dead standing trees, called snags, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwcg.gov/committee/6mfs/felling-safety/falling-snags\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pose a danger\u003c/a> to anyone on the ground, and they’re especially hazardous for firefighters working on windy nights. So Koltunov is spearheading another UC Davis project designed to help firefighters avoid injury from falling trees in infernos like the Creek Fire, which has burned about 380,000 acres, mostly in the Sierra National Forest. More than half of the trees were killed in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are dead trees?” said Koltunov. “How long have they been dead? Are they standing or fallen down?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service is using a beta version, known as the Ecosystem Disturbance and Recovery Tracker, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cstarsd3s.ucdavis.edu/systems/edart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">eDaRT\u003c/a>, to generate snag hazard maps in order to assess the risk of sending crews to certain areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koltunov says an agency might think twice about sending people into an area where “trees are going to fall over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In massive wildfires, heat signatures picked up by satellites can keep firefighters and fire mappers informed about the size, border and movement of a blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been revolutionary for the fire scientists to be able to study how the perimeters grow,” said James Randerson, an Earth science professor at UC Irvine. “A lot of the records you get from fire agencies, like from Cal Fire, are actually derived … from satellite data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when Cal Fire announces that 4 million acres have burned, it uses satellite images to help calculate that total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers like Randerson also use the information to track climate change and its effects around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen fires increasingly more destructive in California and northern \u003ca href=\"http://ibfra.org/about-boreal-forests/#:~:text=From%20a%20biological%20perspective%2C%20boreal,a%20canopy%20cover%20of%2010%25.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">boreal forests\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> He’s tracked fires in the Amazon linked to deforestation. He’s noticed the disappearance of wildfire from tropical savannas and grasslands where it traditionally supports large grazing animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he hopes information about previously hidden fires in the understory of tropical forests, now viewable by satellite, can guide conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites are part of the unseen — and uncelebrated — firefighting arsenal. To members of the public, the information they bring can seem magical, even if it is generally taken for granted. Peel back the map, the image, the forecast though, and ingenious researchers and sophisticated sky machines are hard at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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