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"content": "\u003cp>Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd is thin and lithe, like a blade of wild grass swaying in the wind. The little girl was diagnosed with asthma when she was 5 years old. Her first major health crisis came three years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers being “really really sick” all day. Then, in the middle of the night, her cat went bounding into mom’s room, yowling, and woke her up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess, like, my face was all purple and stuff and I couldn’t breathe,” said Ta’Kira, now 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra Dolton, came running into the living room, where Ta’Kira sleeps. She took one look at her daughter’s face and “hurried up and put the treatment on her.” Then they rushed to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, the routine became an all-too-regular part of life for the Vallejo family. And the massive wildfires that burned every year almost certainly played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme fire seasons seem to be the new normal in the American West. The spate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\">lightning-sparked blazes\u003c/a> that recently blanketed California in unhealthy smoke is just the most recent reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is affected equally. Just as we’ve seen with the coronavirus pandemic, place and race play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira lives with her mom and two younger brothers at the Marina Vista Apartments — a low-income housing development comprised of blocky two-story buildings in downtown Vallejo. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://healthyplacesindex.org\">California Healthy Places Index\u003c/a>, developed by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California, their neighborhood is one of the least healthy in the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the poor health outcomes: high asthma rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11836549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ta’Kira, 11, colors in her notebook at home in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Ta’Kira, living with a condition that regularly inflames her airways can be scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have PE and I run a lot, it makes me feel kind of weak and stuff,” she said. “It feels like my lungs are just closing up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ta’Kira tends to put a positive spin on things — even during an emergency treatment of oxygen and helium that doctors administered during that first hospitalization, to open up her lungs. Known as Heliox, the treatment is reserved for the most serious cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was put on that for an hour,” she said in a playful sing-song, “and I couldn’t even talk because the thing was on my mouth and on my nose. It made me sound like a squeaky mouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, Ta’Kira went home with a bunch of new prescriptions. But her medical records, which Shawntierra shared with KQED, reveal that she ran out of some key maintenance meds over the next few years — partly because of hitches with her Medi-Cal, the state’s government insurance program that serves low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. John Balmes, professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley']‘Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those hardships are just one example of how wealth can impact health — gaps in Ta’Kira’s treatment made controlling her asthma harder, and she landed back in the ER again and again. Then wildfires — record-breaking in their scope and devastation — started burning, beginning with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\">the Tubbs Fire in October 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze raged through Sonoma and Napa counties, destroying several Santa Rosa neighborhoods. Even though it burned a ways from Vallejo, wildfires produce tiny particulate matter that can travel great distances and lodge deep in the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the year that followed, Ta’Kira was rushed to the ER with bad asthma attacks every three to four months. But those visits didn’t happen on the days when the smoke was at its worst, though she felt it in her chest. Instead, Ta’Kira ended up visiting the ER repeatedly in the weeks and months that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley who studies the impact of air pollution on kids, said that’s not surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short-term impacts of wildfire smoke are well documented. Studies have shown that smoky days correlate with spikes in ER visits for lung and heart problems in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for long-term health effects, there’s a lot we still don’t know. A recent Stanford University study showed potentially lasting damage to the immune systems of kids who’d been exposed to fire smoke. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\">an investigation by the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a> found a spike in ER visits of adults and kids experiencing lung and heart ailments three to five months after the Tubbs Fire. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, like with daily air pollution, Balmes said, it’s pretty clear that inhalation of particulate matter from smoke can cause harm over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child could be exposed to wildfire smoke for a period and have some increase in airway inflammation,” he said, “which would then put them at greater risk of exacerbations from allergens that they’re sensitized to, or make them more at risk for having exacerbation when they get a cold.” [aside tag=\"wildfires\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New record-setting blazes would follow the Tubbs Fire. In November 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\">the Camp Fire decimated the town of Paradise\u003c/a> in Butte County, spreading smoke laden with toxins from burning plastics and other industrial materials for hundreds of miles. Three months later, Ta’Kira was back in the hospital again. “Working very hard to breathe,” her medical notes say. “Unable to hold a long conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared because I had to get an IV,” she said. “They always put it in the same arm. But then this one nurse she knew I was scared so she took her time putting the fluid all the way in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira put on a brave face about that IV, and about the ambulance ride she took hours later, when she was transferred to the pediatric ICU in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra, is a singer. And Ta’Kira says during that time in ICU, she often sang — especially during her long overnight stays on a pull-out couch next to her daughter’s bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Shawntierra, these hospitalizations have been terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just remember crying a lot,” she said, “because they kept coming in the room doing extra stuff to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira is not alone in her medical struggles. \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=15\">Black children like her are disproportionately affected by asthma\u003c/a>, more likely to be hospitalized for it, and even to die from it. Especially in low-income neighborhoods like the Vallejo census tract where Ta’Kira has lived for her entire young life. Data show that more Black people live in that neighborhood than anywhere else in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11836544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1441\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents from downtown Vallejo’s Marina Vista Gardens say wildfire smoke easily permeates poor-quality aluminum window frames at the apartment complex, contributing to indoor pollution. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those concerning asthma statistics for Black children, Balmes said, are due in part to higher exposure to air pollution in low-income neighborhoods from sources such as industry and freeway soot. But also, he said, because of more indirect factors including discrimination, poor housing, poverty, noise and garbage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given what we know about those trends, he said, wildfire smoke is “likely to differentially impact kids in these neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During every wildfire-related smoke event, Ta’Kira’s mom said, she has made sure to follow public health advice to keep the ground-floor apartment’s windows and doors closed. But that only helps if they keep the smoke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marina Vista’s oldest apartment buildings were built about 50 years ago. And about half a dozen residents — including Shawntierra — said smoke comes right in through the flimsy aluminum window frames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garbage is a problem at Marina Vista, too. It attracts critters whose droppings are common asthma triggers. Large, bulky, open-topped garbage bins sit just feet from Shawntierra’s unit, across a narrow pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawntierra said management should move them farther away from the living units, “or at least spray more often for roaches and mice. Sometimes we’ll see them all outside the apartments and inside. Just everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, Ta’Kira was back at the ER again, on a cardiac monitor, getting a continuous flow of asthma meds through a nebulizer. Her lungs were already compromised when, a week later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">the Kincade Fire\u003c/a> started burning within 100 miles of her home, blanketing Vallejo in smoke. Two weeks later, she was back at the ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year has been a bit better for Ta’Kira when it comes to asthma attacks, her mother said. Maybe because she’s getting older. Maybe because the medicines she takes each day are doing their job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd, 11']‘I worry about fires a lot.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last month’s lightning-triggered blazes bumped California into yet another unprecedented crisis: A record-breaking number of “Spare the Air” days led millions of residents — at least, those who were able — to take shelter indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week into those bad-air days, I went back to Marina Gardens to visit Shawntierra and Ta’Kira. Even though Ta’Kira had only been to the ER once in the past few months, mom said she was “very, very worried” about the relentless smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be cautious, she and the kids had been taking refuge at Shawntierra’s mom’s home in Contra Costa County. Even though outside air quality there has been lousy, too, her place has higher-quality windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She lives in a two-story so it’s a lot more space for her,” Shawntierra said, “and when you enter in her house it’s just pure, clean. Clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma has been a part of Ta’Kira’s life for years now. Inhaling tiny harmful particulate matter from wildfire smoke — that’s just one of her many triggers. But it’s joined the list of forces outside her control that cause her anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry about fires a lot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira was quiet on that last visit, saying she felt “fine.” But a few minutes later, Shawntierra called with an update: Ta’Kira, she said, had just told her that her chest had been hurting at night. She’d been keeping it to herself, because she was worried about going back to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ta’Kira Dannette Byrd is thin and lithe, like a blade of wild grass swaying in the wind. The little girl was diagnosed with asthma when she was 5 years old. Her first major health crisis came three years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers being “really really sick” all day. Then, in the middle of the night, her cat went bounding into mom’s room, yowling, and woke her up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess, like, my face was all purple and stuff and I couldn’t breathe,” said Ta’Kira, now 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra Dolton, came running into the living room, where Ta’Kira sleeps. She took one look at her daughter’s face and “hurried up and put the treatment on her.” Then they rushed to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years that followed, the routine became an all-too-regular part of life for the Vallejo family. And the massive wildfires that burned every year almost certainly played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme fire seasons seem to be the new normal in the American West. The spate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834132/see-where-wildfires-are-burning-in-california\">lightning-sparked blazes\u003c/a> that recently blanketed California in unhealthy smoke is just the most recent reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is affected equally. Just as we’ve seen with the coronavirus pandemic, place and race play a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira lives with her mom and two younger brothers at the Marina Vista Apartments — a low-income housing development comprised of blocky two-story buildings in downtown Vallejo. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://healthyplacesindex.org\">California Healthy Places Index\u003c/a>, developed by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California, their neighborhood is one of the least healthy in the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the poor health outcomes: high asthma rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836549\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11836549\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44653_TaKiraDrawing-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ta’Kira, 11, colors in her notebook at home in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Ta’Kira, living with a condition that regularly inflames her airways can be scary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we have PE and I run a lot, it makes me feel kind of weak and stuff,” she said. “It feels like my lungs are just closing up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Ta’Kira tends to put a positive spin on things — even during an emergency treatment of oxygen and helium that doctors administered during that first hospitalization, to open up her lungs. Known as Heliox, the treatment is reserved for the most serious cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was put on that for an hour,” she said in a playful sing-song, “and I couldn’t even talk because the thing was on my mouth and on my nose. It made me sound like a squeaky mouse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, Ta’Kira went home with a bunch of new prescriptions. But her medical records, which Shawntierra shared with KQED, reveal that she ran out of some key maintenance meds over the next few years — partly because of hitches with her Medi-Cal, the state’s government insurance program that serves low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those hardships are just one example of how wealth can impact health — gaps in Ta’Kira’s treatment made controlling her asthma harder, and she landed back in the ER again and again. Then wildfires — record-breaking in their scope and devastation — started burning, beginning with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\">the Tubbs Fire in October 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze raged through Sonoma and Napa counties, destroying several Santa Rosa neighborhoods. Even though it burned a ways from Vallejo, wildfires produce tiny particulate matter that can travel great distances and lodge deep in the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the year that followed, Ta’Kira was rushed to the ER with bad asthma attacks every three to four months. But those visits didn’t happen on the days when the smoke was at its worst, though she felt it in her chest. Instead, Ta’Kira ended up visiting the ER repeatedly in the weeks and months that followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Balmes, a professor of medicine and environmental health sciences at UCSF and UC Berkeley who studies the impact of air pollution on kids, said that’s not surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on what we know from outdoor air pollution and about asthma biology in general, the effects can be cumulative,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short-term impacts of wildfire smoke are well documented. Studies have shown that smoky days correlate with spikes in ER visits for lung and heart problems in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for long-term health effects, there’s a lot we still don’t know. A recent Stanford University study showed potentially lasting damage to the immune systems of kids who’d been exposed to fire smoke. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\">an investigation by the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a> found a spike in ER visits of adults and kids experiencing lung and heart ailments three to five months after the Tubbs Fire. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, like with daily air pollution, Balmes said, it’s pretty clear that inhalation of particulate matter from smoke can cause harm over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child could be exposed to wildfire smoke for a period and have some increase in airway inflammation,” he said, “which would then put them at greater risk of exacerbations from allergens that they’re sensitized to, or make them more at risk for having exacerbation when they get a cold.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New record-setting blazes would follow the Tubbs Fire. In November 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\">the Camp Fire decimated the town of Paradise\u003c/a> in Butte County, spreading smoke laden with toxins from burning plastics and other industrial materials for hundreds of miles. Three months later, Ta’Kira was back in the hospital again. “Working very hard to breathe,” her medical notes say. “Unable to hold a long conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared because I had to get an IV,” she said. “They always put it in the same arm. But then this one nurse she knew I was scared so she took her time putting the fluid all the way in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira put on a brave face about that IV, and about the ambulance ride she took hours later, when she was transferred to the pediatric ICU in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Shawntierra, is a singer. And Ta’Kira says during that time in ICU, she often sang — especially during her long overnight stays on a pull-out couch next to her daughter’s bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Shawntierra, these hospitalizations have been terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just remember crying a lot,” she said, “because they kept coming in the room doing extra stuff to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira is not alone in her medical struggles. \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=15\">Black children like her are disproportionately affected by asthma\u003c/a>, more likely to be hospitalized for it, and even to die from it. Especially in low-income neighborhoods like the Vallejo census tract where Ta’Kira has lived for her entire young life. Data show that more Black people live in that neighborhood than anywhere else in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11836544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1441\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS44654_MarinaGardens-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents from downtown Vallejo’s Marina Vista Gardens say wildfire smoke easily permeates poor-quality aluminum window frames at the apartment complex, contributing to indoor pollution. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those concerning asthma statistics for Black children, Balmes said, are due in part to higher exposure to air pollution in low-income neighborhoods from sources such as industry and freeway soot. But also, he said, because of more indirect factors including discrimination, poor housing, poverty, noise and garbage\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given what we know about those trends, he said, wildfire smoke is “likely to differentially impact kids in these neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During every wildfire-related smoke event, Ta’Kira’s mom said, she has made sure to follow public health advice to keep the ground-floor apartment’s windows and doors closed. But that only helps if they keep the smoke out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marina Vista’s oldest apartment buildings were built about 50 years ago. And about half a dozen residents — including Shawntierra — said smoke comes right in through the flimsy aluminum window frames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garbage is a problem at Marina Vista, too. It attracts critters whose droppings are common asthma triggers. Large, bulky, open-topped garbage bins sit just feet from Shawntierra’s unit, across a narrow pathway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawntierra said management should move them farther away from the living units, “or at least spray more often for roaches and mice. Sometimes we’ll see them all outside the apartments and inside. Just everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last October, Ta’Kira was back at the ER again, on a cardiac monitor, getting a continuous flow of asthma meds through a nebulizer. Her lungs were already compromised when, a week later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\">the Kincade Fire\u003c/a> started burning within 100 miles of her home, blanketing Vallejo in smoke. Two weeks later, she was back at the ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year has been a bit better for Ta’Kira when it comes to asthma attacks, her mother said. Maybe because she’s getting older. Maybe because the medicines she takes each day are doing their job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last month’s lightning-triggered blazes bumped California into yet another unprecedented crisis: A record-breaking number of “Spare the Air” days led millions of residents — at least, those who were able — to take shelter indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week into those bad-air days, I went back to Marina Gardens to visit Shawntierra and Ta’Kira. Even though Ta’Kira had only been to the ER once in the past few months, mom said she was “very, very worried” about the relentless smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be cautious, she and the kids had been taking refuge at Shawntierra’s mom’s home in Contra Costa County. Even though outside air quality there has been lousy, too, her place has higher-quality windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She lives in a two-story so it’s a lot more space for her,” Shawntierra said, “and when you enter in her house it’s just pure, clean. Clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma has been a part of Ta’Kira’s life for years now. Inhaling tiny harmful particulate matter from wildfire smoke — that’s just one of her many triggers. But it’s joined the list of forces outside her control that cause her anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry about fires a lot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ta’Kira was quiet on that last visit, saying she felt “fine.” But a few minutes later, Shawntierra called with an update: Ta’Kira, she said, had just told her that her chest had been hurting at night. She’d been keeping it to herself, because she was worried about going back to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 20% of Californians know someone who has died of COVID-19, a rate that’s significantly higher for people of color and low-income residents, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/blog/covid-19-tracking-poll-one-five-californians-know-someone-who-died-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new poll\u003c/a> from the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among respondents, 10% of white people reported knowing someone who had died of the virus, while that rate rose to 29% for Latinx people, 28% for African Americans and 19% for Asian Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, 26% of low-income respondents of all races said they knew someone who had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11836509\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11836509 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1214\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-800x506.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-1020x645.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-160x101.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-1536x971.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation/Ipsos survey of California residents age 18+. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CHCF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those discrepancies are not surprising to Andrea Polonijo, a postdoctoral fellow at UC Riverside School of Medicine, where she studies health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that Black and Latinx populations have disproportionately been diagnosed with the virus and disproportionately have died of the virus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black and Latinx residents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11815391/in-bay-area-women-and-people-of-color-shoulder-most-front-line-work-during-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">make up the majority of California’s front-line workers\u003c/a>, and many have had to continue doing their jobs through the pandemic, often without appropriate personal protective equipment, she said. Consistent with the rest of the country, California has seen a spate of outbreaks at \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/08/california-counties-wont-report-covid-essential-workplace-outbreaks/\">essential workplaces across the state\u003c/a> — from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835677/foster-farms-ordered-to-shut-down-covid-stricken-central-valley-poultry-plant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meatpacking plants\u003c/a> and farms to construction sites — exposing scores of workers to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every day when they go to work, they’re putting themselves at risk of getting the virus or potentially dying,” Polonijo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHCF surveyed 1,209 people in either English or Spanish over five days in late August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poll respondents were also asked how they felt about sheltering in place and reopening the economy, with seven in 10 saying they strongly or somewhat strongly support stricter shutdown measures to slow the spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1887px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/09/03/one-in-five-californians-know-someone-who-died-of-covid-19/screen-shot-2020-09-03-at-10-27-58-am-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11836522\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11836522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1887\" height=\"1059\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1.png 1887w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-800x449.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-1020x572.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-1536x862.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1887px) 100vw, 1887px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation/Ipsos survey of California residents age 18+. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CHCF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a clear message here,” said Kristof Stremikis, director of market analysis and insight at the CHCF. “The vast majority of the state is saying public health before economic health.” [aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"More Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poll respondents were also asked where they stood on shelter-in-place restrictions related to specific outcomes. When asked if they would like to see stricter rules if it meant fewer deaths, 85% said they would either strongly or somewhat support such measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians are highly motivated, or highly supportive of stricter measures if they’re going to specifically prevent deaths,” Stremikis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the survey also found stark demographic differences in who was most likely to support those more stringent measures that could prevent additional deaths, with strong support from 75% of Black and 65% of Latinx respondents, but only 54% support from white respondents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836514\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11836514\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11836514 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"908\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-800x378.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-1020x482.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-160x76.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-1536x726.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation/Ipsos survey of California residents age 18+. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CHCF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stremikis said that difference may well reflect higher rates of infection and death in Black and Latinx communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This (pandemic) is particularly tragic for people with low incomes, as well as Black and Latino Californians,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 20% of Californians know someone who has died of COVID-19, a rate that’s significantly higher for people of color and low-income residents, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/blog/covid-19-tracking-poll-one-five-californians-know-someone-who-died-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new poll\u003c/a> from the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among respondents, 10% of white people reported knowing someone who had died of the virus, while that rate rose to 29% for Latinx people, 28% for African Americans and 19% for Asian Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, 26% of low-income respondents of all races said they knew someone who had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11836509\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11836509 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1214\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-800x506.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-1020x645.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-160x101.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.00.11-AM-1536x971.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation/Ipsos survey of California residents age 18+. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CHCF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those discrepancies are not surprising to Andrea Polonijo, a postdoctoral fellow at UC Riverside School of Medicine, where she studies health disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that Black and Latinx populations have disproportionately been diagnosed with the virus and disproportionately have died of the virus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black and Latinx residents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11815391/in-bay-area-women-and-people-of-color-shoulder-most-front-line-work-during-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">make up the majority of California’s front-line workers\u003c/a>, and many have had to continue doing their jobs through the pandemic, often without appropriate personal protective equipment, she said. Consistent with the rest of the country, California has seen a spate of outbreaks at \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2020/08/california-counties-wont-report-covid-essential-workplace-outbreaks/\">essential workplaces across the state\u003c/a> — from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835677/foster-farms-ordered-to-shut-down-covid-stricken-central-valley-poultry-plant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meatpacking plants\u003c/a> and farms to construction sites — exposing scores of workers to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every day when they go to work, they’re putting themselves at risk of getting the virus or potentially dying,” Polonijo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHCF surveyed 1,209 people in either English or Spanish over five days in late August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poll respondents were also asked how they felt about sheltering in place and reopening the economy, with seven in 10 saying they strongly or somewhat strongly support stricter shutdown measures to slow the spread of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1887px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2020/09/03/one-in-five-californians-know-someone-who-died-of-covid-19/screen-shot-2020-09-03-at-10-27-58-am-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11836522\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11836522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1887\" height=\"1059\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1.png 1887w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-800x449.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-1020x572.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.27.58-AM-1-1536x862.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1887px) 100vw, 1887px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation/Ipsos survey of California residents age 18+. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CHCF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a clear message here,” said Kristof Stremikis, director of market analysis and insight at the CHCF. “The vast majority of the state is saying public health before economic health.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poll respondents were also asked where they stood on shelter-in-place restrictions related to specific outcomes. When asked if they would like to see stricter rules if it meant fewer deaths, 85% said they would either strongly or somewhat support such measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians are highly motivated, or highly supportive of stricter measures if they’re going to specifically prevent deaths,” Stremikis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the survey also found stark demographic differences in who was most likely to support those more stringent measures that could prevent additional deaths, with strong support from 75% of Black and 65% of Latinx respondents, but only 54% support from white respondents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11836514\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11836514\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11836514 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"908\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-800x378.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-1020x482.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-160x76.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/Screen-Shot-2020-09-03-at-10.28.52-AM-1536x726.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Health Care Foundation/Ipsos survey of California residents age 18+. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of CHCF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stremikis said that difference may well reflect higher rates of infection and death in Black and Latinx communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This (pandemic) is particularly tragic for people with low incomes, as well as Black and Latino Californians,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "a-lot-of-trust-was-lost-what-losing-its-only-hospital-meant-to-an-east-bay-community",
"title": "'A Lot of Trust Was Lost': What Losing its Only Hospital Meant to an East Bay Community",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/trulyca/3185/bay-area-hospital-closure-impacted-explored-in-documentary-the-desert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“The Desert”\u003c/a>, a documentary film recently released as part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/trulyca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED’s Truly CA\u003c/a> series, looks at the ripple effects in a community after a hospital closes. Doctors Medical Center operated for 60 years, serving western Contra Costa County from its location in San Pablo, north of Richmond in the East Bay.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>When it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/24993/san-pablos-doctors-medical-center-to-close-tuesday\">closed in 2015\u003c/a>, after failing to bridge a stubborn $18-20 million annual deficit, it left nearly 250,000 mostly low-income residents more than a half-hour drive away from the closest hospital.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#film\">The film\u003c/a> was produced and directed by Bo Kovitz, who spoke with The California Report Magazine. Interview excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11830990\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11830990\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bo Kovitz produced and directed ‘The Desert’ as her thesis film while at UC Berkeley’s Graduate School of Journalism. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bo Kovitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On what inspired her to make the film\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I had gone to a public forum about the planned closure of Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in South Berkeley. And there was a lot of discussion at the time about how we would lose another emergency room on a critical corridor of the Bay Area. There was reference to a hospital that had already closed in Richmond. It was sort of glossed over. It really piqued my interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We really take for granted this idea that we all have a hospital in our neighborhood. I thought, what does it look like to live in a community where there isn’t a hospital? I approached this wanting to hear from the doctors, the frontline workers, the patients, about what the tragedy was. They were never quite heard. And I wanted them to drive this story. I wanted them to be the storytellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I felt that the reporting and the knowledge around the closure of Doctors Medical Center was never really in the hands of the people who were living and breathing the impacts of what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On following patients who must plan a whole day around a hospital visit\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I think there’s been a lot of focus about the loss of (Doctors Medical Center) through the prism of emergency services and not having an emergency room in West Contra Costa County. But there’s another enormous deficit, which is specialty care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a cancer center at Doctors Medical Center. Epigmenio Mayo and Angelica Lopez are a couple, both battling cancer. At the time the film was shot, they regularly made a trip where they would take three different buses to get to the county hospital in Martinez, where both of them were receiving cancer treatment. For them, this trip is an absolute necessity, but it’s something that they have to plan their entire day around. They are winded by the time they even show up to their appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the film, the sun is already set. It’s a full day trip. They’ve talked a lot about how there’s no other option. As they say in the film, they prepare their minds and bodies for the trip because they know they have to take it. This is how they survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11830987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11830987 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-912x912.jpg 912w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-470x470.jpg 470w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Epigmenio Mayo and Angelica Lopez ride three buses to get to the hospital for their cancer treatment. \u003ccite>(Bo Kovitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On the urgent care clinic now across the street from the former Doctors Medical Center site\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>They’re serving the same population with just a quarter of the staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People like Millie Callen worked at Doctors Medical Center for more than a decade. She was one of the coordinators in the E.R., which is one of the most important roles. She’s making sure that everything’s moving smoothly, bringing people in, bouncing them to their doctors, making sure their insurance is covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the hospital closed, Millie was caring for her own loved ones and understood the before and after of what it’s like to lose a hospital. Her mother has a heart condition. The urgent care where Millie now works is much busier with the spike of COVID-19 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11831438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11831438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Millie Callen worked at Doctors Medical Center, and now works at the urgent care clinic across the street from the former hospital site. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bo Kovits)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a while, they were one of the few locations that were doing COVID-19 testing. Not only are they answering a lot of patients needing primary care, but they are also dealing with an additional load of patients who were experiencing or showing symptoms of COVID-19. And then there’s that added stress of how do we sequester that person away from the rest of our patients? They had set up a tent in the back parking lot and they were running back and forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On the firefighters and paramedics she follows in the film\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There isn’t a Richmond paramedic company. There’s no West Contra Costa County paramedic company. So the firefighters take on the role of being the first to arrive on scene. Firefighters can get on scene, but they’re limited in what they can do because in certain advanced or complicated cases, the ambulance and the paramedics are the ones who need to show up and then transport the person and have specialty training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are times of the day where highways are really, really congested. Wait times for the paramedics to show up can be up to 30 minutes depending on the day. And then those paramedics are often forced to transport patients outside the city or county for care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11831441\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11831441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-800x419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-800x419.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-1020x534.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-1536x804.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trevor Rogers and his fellow firefighters often care for critically ill patients — many of their calls are for health care emergencies, not fires.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the paramedics that I had the opportunity to film with is Aimee Skaggs, and she has been in the community for years. She was around when Doctors Medical Center was there and brought a lot of patients there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimee describes something that I think is unique to low income communities where 911 calls are really treated as primary care. Emergency responders are the ones who essentially are doing triage on the spot. They are having to navigate so many different layers of what it means to make the best decision for a patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s more than just ‘what’s the closest hospital?’ It’s ‘what makes the most financial sense? Where is going to be the closest place that the family can come without it being a hassle?’ And in cases where the issue is something really time-sensitive, paramedics like Aimee have to bring in another dimension to the decision making: how to get them somewhere fast when highways are clogged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals may not take them. Where do they go that is not going to also leave the patient riddled with hospital bills in the aftermath? [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"— Trevor Rogers, firefighter medic\"]‘If we happen to have three calls and there are three critical patients that need critical care, now you have three ambulances that are outside of our city… And that essentially depletes the city of our resources.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On how hospital closures are playing out throughout the state\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are more hospital closures that are happening in California. They’re mostly in rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the closure of Doctors Medical Center represents an accelerating trend in urban communities. Regions that are concentrated areas for Medi-Cal, Medicare or uninsured patients are losing hospitals because hospitals and ERs are trying to consolidate in urban centers where there are more privately insured patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On the burden of shouldering COVID-19 patients now that the hospital has closed\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Right now, Bay Area hospitals haven’t been overwhelmed so far with COVID-19 cases — which is lucky. But if things were to get really over the top, I think people will wish Doctors Medical Center was there. There’s definitely concern about capacity. There’s also a concern that many people — especially those with chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension or asthma — may not be getting seen for illnesses that need to be managed right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may never know how many people are in West Contra Costa County who may have died, who did not seek emergency care or did not seek health care, because they were afraid of being exposed to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Doctors Medical Center closed, a lot of trust was lost among the community. A community that has historically been marginalized from the health care system now feels further marginalized because they lost a resource. They lost an institution that represented a lot of trust in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke about this with the ambulatory director at the county hospital in Martinez, Dr. Gabriela Sullivan. She says that health care is often left with the job of trying to plug all these holes that are in the social fabric of our country. And that if we are trying to leave social issues on the doorstep of health care, that’s a recipe for failure. A lot of people in the years leading up to the hospital closure said it will take a public health crisis of extreme proportions to reveal how essential Doctors Medical Center and other safety net hospitals are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think with this pandemic, it’s not just that Black and brown communities are dying and are more impacted. There’s also going to be a downstream increase of morbidity and mortality for years to come. There is a real worry that they’re holding back the dams right now in terms of acute care. The realities of the disparity are going to last far beyond this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"film\">\u003c/a>Watch the full documentary here:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bjKcfSmVxU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/trulyca/3185/bay-area-hospital-closure-impacted-explored-in-documentary-the-desert\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“The Desert”\u003c/a>, a documentary film recently released as part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/trulyca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED’s Truly CA\u003c/a> series, looks at the ripple effects in a community after a hospital closes. Doctors Medical Center operated for 60 years, serving western Contra Costa County from its location in San Pablo, north of Richmond in the East Bay.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>When it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/24993/san-pablos-doctors-medical-center-to-close-tuesday\">closed in 2015\u003c/a>, after failing to bridge a stubborn $18-20 million annual deficit, it left nearly 250,000 mostly low-income residents more than a half-hour drive away from the closest hospital.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#film\">The film\u003c/a> was produced and directed by Bo Kovitz, who spoke with The California Report Magazine. Interview excerpts have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11830990\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11830990\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44121_Kovitz_Headshot-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bo Kovitz produced and directed ‘The Desert’ as her thesis film while at UC Berkeley’s Graduate School of Journalism. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bo Kovitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On what inspired her to make the film\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I had gone to a public forum about the planned closure of Alta Bates Summit Medical Center in South Berkeley. And there was a lot of discussion at the time about how we would lose another emergency room on a critical corridor of the Bay Area. There was reference to a hospital that had already closed in Richmond. It was sort of glossed over. It really piqued my interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We really take for granted this idea that we all have a hospital in our neighborhood. I thought, what does it look like to live in a community where there isn’t a hospital? I approached this wanting to hear from the doctors, the frontline workers, the patients, about what the tragedy was. They were never quite heard. And I wanted them to drive this story. I wanted them to be the storytellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I felt that the reporting and the knowledge around the closure of Doctors Medical Center was never really in the hands of the people who were living and breathing the impacts of what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On following patients who must plan a whole day around a hospital visit\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I think there’s been a lot of focus about the loss of (Doctors Medical Center) through the prism of emergency services and not having an emergency room in West Contra Costa County. But there’s another enormous deficit, which is specialty care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a cancer center at Doctors Medical Center. Epigmenio Mayo and Angelica Lopez are a couple, both battling cancer. At the time the film was shot, they regularly made a trip where they would take three different buses to get to the county hospital in Martinez, where both of them were receiving cancer treatment. For them, this trip is an absolute necessity, but it’s something that they have to plan their entire day around. They are winded by the time they even show up to their appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the film, the sun is already set. It’s a full day trip. They’ve talked a lot about how there’s no other option. As they say in the film, they prepare their minds and bodies for the trip because they know they have to take it. This is how they survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11830987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11830987 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-912x912.jpg 912w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut-470x470.jpg 470w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS44118_desert_03-qut.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Epigmenio Mayo and Angelica Lopez ride three buses to get to the hospital for their cancer treatment. \u003ccite>(Bo Kovitz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On the urgent care clinic now across the street from the former Doctors Medical Center site\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>They’re serving the same population with just a quarter of the staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People like Millie Callen worked at Doctors Medical Center for more than a decade. She was one of the coordinators in the E.R., which is one of the most important roles. She’s making sure that everything’s moving smoothly, bringing people in, bouncing them to their doctors, making sure their insurance is covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the hospital closed, Millie was caring for her own loved ones and understood the before and after of what it’s like to lose a hospital. Her mother has a heart condition. The urgent care where Millie now works is much busier with the spike of COVID-19 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11831438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11831438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_still_06-copy.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Millie Callen worked at Doctors Medical Center, and now works at the urgent care clinic across the street from the former hospital site. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bo Kovits)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a while, they were one of the few locations that were doing COVID-19 testing. Not only are they answering a lot of patients needing primary care, but they are also dealing with an additional load of patients who were experiencing or showing symptoms of COVID-19. And then there’s that added stress of how do we sequester that person away from the rest of our patients? They had set up a tent in the back parking lot and they were running back and forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On the firefighters and paramedics she follows in the film\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There isn’t a Richmond paramedic company. There’s no West Contra Costa County paramedic company. So the firefighters take on the role of being the first to arrive on scene. Firefighters can get on scene, but they’re limited in what they can do because in certain advanced or complicated cases, the ambulance and the paramedics are the ones who need to show up and then transport the person and have specialty training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are times of the day where highways are really, really congested. Wait times for the paramedics to show up can be up to 30 minutes depending on the day. And then those paramedics are often forced to transport patients outside the city or county for care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11831441\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11831441\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-800x419.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-800x419.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-1020x534.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide-1536x804.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/desert_04-wide.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trevor Rogers and his fellow firefighters often care for critically ill patients — many of their calls are for health care emergencies, not fires.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the paramedics that I had the opportunity to film with is Aimee Skaggs, and she has been in the community for years. She was around when Doctors Medical Center was there and brought a lot of patients there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aimee describes something that I think is unique to low income communities where 911 calls are really treated as primary care. Emergency responders are the ones who essentially are doing triage on the spot. They are having to navigate so many different layers of what it means to make the best decision for a patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s more than just ‘what’s the closest hospital?’ It’s ‘what makes the most financial sense? Where is going to be the closest place that the family can come without it being a hassle?’ And in cases where the issue is something really time-sensitive, paramedics like Aimee have to bring in another dimension to the decision making: how to get them somewhere fast when highways are clogged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some hospitals may not take them. Where do they go that is not going to also leave the patient riddled with hospital bills in the aftermath? \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If we happen to have three calls and there are three critical patients that need critical care, now you have three ambulances that are outside of our city… And that essentially depletes the city of our resources.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On how hospital closures are playing out throughout the state\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are more hospital closures that are happening in California. They’re mostly in rural communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the closure of Doctors Medical Center represents an accelerating trend in urban communities. Regions that are concentrated areas for Medi-Cal, Medicare or uninsured patients are losing hospitals because hospitals and ERs are trying to consolidate in urban centers where there are more privately insured patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>On the burden of shouldering COVID-19 patients now that the hospital has closed\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Right now, Bay Area hospitals haven’t been overwhelmed so far with COVID-19 cases — which is lucky. But if things were to get really over the top, I think people will wish Doctors Medical Center was there. There’s definitely concern about capacity. There’s also a concern that many people — especially those with chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension or asthma — may not be getting seen for illnesses that need to be managed right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may never know how many people are in West Contra Costa County who may have died, who did not seek emergency care or did not seek health care, because they were afraid of being exposed to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Doctors Medical Center closed, a lot of trust was lost among the community. A community that has historically been marginalized from the health care system now feels further marginalized because they lost a resource. They lost an institution that represented a lot of trust in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke about this with the ambulatory director at the county hospital in Martinez, Dr. Gabriela Sullivan. She says that health care is often left with the job of trying to plug all these holes that are in the social fabric of our country. And that if we are trying to leave social issues on the doorstep of health care, that’s a recipe for failure. A lot of people in the years leading up to the hospital closure said it will take a public health crisis of extreme proportions to reveal how essential Doctors Medical Center and other safety net hospitals are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think with this pandemic, it’s not just that Black and brown communities are dying and are more impacted. There’s also going to be a downstream increase of morbidity and mortality for years to come. There is a real worry that they’re holding back the dams right now in terms of acute care. The realities of the disparity are going to last far beyond this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca id=\"film\">\u003c/a>Watch the full documentary here:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1bjKcfSmVxU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1bjKcfSmVxU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "vegan-food-is-big-in-s-f-but-will-the-scene-survive-covid-19",
"title": "Vegan Food Is Big In SF — But Will the Scene Survive COVID-19?",
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"headTitle": "Vegan Food Is Big In SF — But Will the Scene Survive COVID-19? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eating a vegan diet used to be the opposite of cool, and vegans were often the butt of jokes. The classic line from the November 2000 episode of “The Simpsons” — “I’m a Level Five Vegan. I won’t eat anything that casts a shadow” — pretty much captures widely held beliefs about the misplaced militancy of the meat-and-dairy-eschewing crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Level 5 Vegan (Lisa the tree hugger)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/RtuMIaOGRy8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past few years, veganism has gone mainstream. Celebrities like Beyoncé and former President Bill Clinton have talked publicly about the benefits of eating a meat- and dairy-free diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I live on beans, legumes, vegetables, fruit,” Clinton said in an interview on CNN. “And it changed my whole metabolism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"bill clinton on eating a plant based, whole foods diet\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/sNh1ICGNpbA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, vegan eating habits have been popular for a long time. There are vegan caterers who will feed your wedding guests and vegan chefs who will deliver meals right to your door. Companies like \u003ca href=\"https://buy.impossiblefoods.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impossible Foods\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.memphismeats.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a> — both big names in the meatless protein business — are headquartered here. And just last year, San Francisco came out as the nation’s most vegan-friendly city, \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/11/15/peta-san-francisco-most-vegan-friendly-city/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But lately, as you can imagine, things have been pretty challenging for the Bay Area’s vegan businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before coronavirus happened, business was fantastic. And that has obviously changed very significantly,” said Christina Stobing, co-owner of the Berkeley vegan deli \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebutchersveganson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Butcher’s Son\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, I’m just trying to hang in there,” said Samuel Wong, the owner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/layonna-vegetarian-health-food-market-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Layonna Vegetarian Health Food Market, \u003c/a> a vegan market in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These times are about surviving,” said Alejandro Morgan, head of culinary of the Bay Area restaurant group \u003ca href=\"https://backofthehouseinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Back of the House\u003c/a>, which owns the plant-based eatery \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildseedsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildseed\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Cow Hollow neighborhood. “These times are about being able to keep as many people you can employed, and pay the bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED listener Mishi Ramos’ question, “What is the vegan food scene in the Bay Area like today?” came across the Bay Curious desk not long before the pandemic hit. Since then, the story of how vegan food businesses are faring today has become one that’s very much aligned with the fate of \u003cem>most\u003c/em> small, local restaurants during COVID-19 times. So, while we tackled the question by focusing on Bay Area vegan businesses, the answer applies more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Growth of Vegan Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though vegans only make up about 5-6% of the U.S. population, their numbers are growing, and more and more omnivores are starting to take an interest in vegan foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for the trend is the perception that eating a plant-based diet is healthy. People claim cutting out meat and dairy cleared their skin, upped their energy levels and helped them lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s growing public awareness around the meat industry’s treatment of animals and its environmental footprint. A \u003ca href=\"https://josephpoore.com/Science%20360%206392%20987%20-%20Accepted%20Manuscript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent analysis from the journal Science\u003c/a> shows 60% of agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions comes from meat and dairy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside Meat Processing Plant Linked To Nearly 900 Coronavirus Cases | NBC Nightly News\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/cZOT9YOtl0U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, recent news headlines about the heavy impact of COVID-19 on the meat production industry have made more \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/local/305/2020/05/04/850066429/the-pandemic-has-people-rethinking-their-relationship-with-food-especially-meat\">people question how much meat they should have in their diet\u003c/a> — even though meat scandals in the past haven’t had long-term sticking power, and the overwhelming majority of Americans will continue to eat meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also helps the plant-based cause that vegan foods have become ubiquitous at grocery stores, restaurants and cafes, especially in the Bay Area, and that the region is well-known for its year-round abundance of produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, non-vegans in particular are gravitating towards the new, high-tech wave of meatless proteins, from companies like Impossible Foods and \u003ca href=\"https://www.beyondmeat.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beyond Meat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fooddive.com/news/study-consumers-try-plant-based-meat-because-theyre-curious/571615/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A recent study from the food industry publication Food Dive\u003c/a> shows the number one factor driving non-vegans to eat products like meatless burgers is that they’re starting to taste more like meat. (Traditional veggie patties, which many vegans still prefer, taste more like nuts, grains and seeds.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vegan Food Businesses Struggle in the Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing popularity of meatless proteins is what’s driving business at many of the newer vegan eateries in the Bay Area, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebutchersveganson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Butcher’s Son\u003c/a> in downtown Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829827 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Butcher’s Son’s take on a chicken and bacon sandwich — without meat. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The restaurant opened early in 2016, and co-owner Christina Stobing said it was an immediate hit with vegans and non-vegans alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going vegan, there’s not a lot of options,” Stobing said, who’s also vegan. “Like, you can’t just go and get a Philly cheesesteak sandwich or a Reuben. We wanted to provide all those things that we were missing in a restaurant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stobing said business was going so well, and they were planning to expand. But when the coronavirus pandemic hit, they were forced to shrink. The restaurant let go of roughly two-thirds of its employees. A small business loan from the federal government has helped tide them over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had to to step back and say, ‘OK, can we stay open this week? Can we stay open next week?’ ” Stobing said. “Because things are changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just popular vegan restaurants that now find themselves facing an unpredictable future. Vegan grocery stores are also having a hard time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/layonna-vegetarian-health-food-market-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Layonna\u003c/a> Vegetarian Health Food Market in Oakland’s Chinatown has been around since the 1990s. The store’s owner, Samuel Wong, said the market has a loyal following. He counts meat-abstaining members of the nearby Buddhist temple among his customers, as well as people who drive in from places like Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829830\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829830 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Original Layonna owner Layonna Wang (left), present owner Samuel Wong, and store employee Jenny Liang pose outside the front of Layonna, a vegan market in Oakland’s Chinatown neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Layonna’s customers include other vegan businesses, such as restaurants. Wong said the margins are normally pretty good. But that’s changed lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The business, it dropped a lot,” Wong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The store laid off three of its seven workers and is operating at reduced hours. Wong said he’s had to make some adjustments to survive, like delivering to restaurant clients himself, and signing up for a food delivery service to get Layonna’s products out to individual customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t want to go out,” Wong said. “So I have to sign up for this kind of service, even though they charge 30%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Challenge of Running \u003cem>Any\u003c/em> Small Food Business Right Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at the best of times, the restaurant industry — no matter the cuisine — is a hard game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime Bay Area food writer \u003ca href=\"http://www.theperfectspotsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virginia Miller\u003c/a> said the margins are almost always on the thin side, and that’s particularly the case for independent businesses and small local chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829864 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Virginia-Miller.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Virginia-Miller.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Virginia-Miller-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area food and drink journalist Virginia Miller. \u003ccite>(Daniel Stumpf)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If they have any profit at all, usually 10% max, is the best most restaurants do,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between line items like rent, labor and sourcing high-quality produce, Miller said the cost of feeding people in the Bay Area is especially high. Vegan outlets are no different from other kinds of small food businesses. They’ve all been hit by the pandemic in similar ways and are all trying to figure out how to come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard predictions of anywhere from 30% to 80% of our restaurants will not reopen,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Thomas, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://ggra.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Golden Gate Restaurant Association\u003c/a>, a San Francisco restaurant industry advocacy group, said reopening a restaurant is a long and complex process. Restaurant owners have to weigh many different factors as they consider how and when to reopen — or whether it’s worth reopening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think restaurants can turn on a dime,” Thomas said. “It doesn’t work that way. You’ve got to get your employees. You’ve got to pay back your vendors. You’ve got about a week to two weeks of ordering the food and getting everything going again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they do decide to fully reopen, restaurants are having to come to grips with a bunch of unforeseen factors to do with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829832\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-687x916.jpg 687w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-414x552.jpg 414w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-354x472.jpg 354w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The walk-up window at Wildseed in San Francisco’s Cow Hollow neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildseedsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildseed\u003c/a>, an upscale, plant-based restaurant in San Francisco’s Cow Hollow neighborhood, director of culinary Alejandro Morgan said it’s been tough to entice workers back at a time when many are making more money claiming unemployment benefits than from working their old jobs. Plus, they’re staying safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I got my job back, then I would have to weigh things, you know, and say, ‘OK, well, do I risk getting sick and getting my family sick for a job that probably won’t pay as much as before?’ ” Morgan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s navigating all the new health and safety restrictions, such as limiting the seating capacity to allow for physical distancing. Morgan said Wildseed has applied for a permit to put in extra outdoor seating. But even with the additional outdoor seating, they’ll still be operating at around 30% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only so long that it makes sense to carry on that way, and many Bay Area counties have put reopening plans on hold for indoor dining. Given all the variables, Morgan said it’s hard to predict what it will take to reopen properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made plans, but, you know, usually we scratch those plans and restart,” Morgan said. “There could be something tomorrow, like, ‘You guys gotta close back again.’ I’m really hoping that’s not the case, because that would be very devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting Creative in Order to Survive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With profits disappearing and things being so unpredictable right now, restaurants are having to get creative if they want to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takeout has obviously taken on a much larger role in restaurants’ core business as a result of the pandemic. That’s true for many high-end restaurants that would never have dreamed of boxing up their fancy dishes in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend towards takeout means adjusting — not everything travels well in a box — and figuring out more efficient ways to work in the kitchen so restaurants can meet the demand for takeout as well as serve customers on-site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With people preferring to eat at home, delivery services like \u003ca href=\"https://www.doordash.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DoorDash\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.grubhub.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Grubhub\u003c/a> are also becoming a must for restaurants, even though several owners interviewed for this story complained about the high fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are the new advances in technology, which allow diners to do things like order meals from their tables using their phones. Wildseed’s Morgan said these systems appeal to restaurants because they reduce labor costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And maybe for the guests, too, right, to feel comfortable,” he added. “They want to limit the amount of interaction they have with another person at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s wary of going with the technology because he said human interaction is still a key part of good hospitality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big problems with this whole COVID-19 era is that we are going to lose a lot of human elements to everything that we do,” Morgan said. “I have passion for hospitality. And that’s something that is going to hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not to Be Underestimated: The Human Element\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some chefs are making personal connections the cornerstone of their new business model, even if it means lowering production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One small food business KQED spoke with for this story, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Vegetarian-Vegan-Restaurant/The-Presumptuous-Pepita-101321621272290/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Presumptuous Pepita, \u003c/a>relies entirely on building long-term, one-on-one relationships with customers — and it seems to be flourishing in spite of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829833 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vegan personal chef Victoria Aguilar of the Presumptuous Pepita (left) delivers lunch to San Francisco resident Mary Samson. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The force behind The Presumptuous Pepita is personal vegan chef Victoria Aguilar, who describes themself as a “queer, non-binary, brown business owner who was born and raised on Ohlone Land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar said they launched The Presumptuous Pepita last December after tiring of the fixed hours and limited menus that usually come with restaurant work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like the intimacy of being able to cook for folks and then to bring it to them, especially during this time when folks really can’t see many people,” Aguilar said. “And so we’ve already built relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is The Presumptuous Pepita’s sole employee. So their overhead is low. And the chef said business has been booming since the stay-at-home orders went into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m making a good amount of money,” they said. “I’m profiting more than I thought I would.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is proud of the fact that small, niche businesses like The Presumptuous Pepita are building community, even in the middle of a global pandemic. During the recent Black Lives Matter protests, Aguilar said they delivered free meals to protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of small businesses like myself, and other vegan small businesses, are doing the work of supporting protesters who are on the front lines,” they said. “We’re feeding compassionately and giving the best that we can right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eating a vegan diet used to be the opposite of cool, and vegans were often the butt of jokes. The classic line from the November 2000 episode of “The Simpsons” — “I’m a Level Five Vegan. I won’t eat anything that casts a shadow” — pretty much captures widely held beliefs about the misplaced militancy of the meat-and-dairy-eschewing crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Level 5 Vegan (Lisa the tree hugger)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/RtuMIaOGRy8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past few years, veganism has gone mainstream. Celebrities like Beyoncé and former President Bill Clinton have talked publicly about the benefits of eating a meat- and dairy-free diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I live on beans, legumes, vegetables, fruit,” Clinton said in an interview on CNN. “And it changed my whole metabolism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"bill clinton on eating a plant based, whole foods diet\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/sNh1ICGNpbA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, vegan eating habits have been popular for a long time. There are vegan caterers who will feed your wedding guests and vegan chefs who will deliver meals right to your door. Companies like \u003ca href=\"https://buy.impossiblefoods.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Impossible Foods\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.memphismeats.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a> — both big names in the meatless protein business — are headquartered here. And just last year, San Francisco came out as the nation’s most vegan-friendly city, \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/11/15/peta-san-francisco-most-vegan-friendly-city/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But lately, as you can imagine, things have been pretty challenging for the Bay Area’s vegan businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before coronavirus happened, business was fantastic. And that has obviously changed very significantly,” said Christina Stobing, co-owner of the Berkeley vegan deli \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebutchersveganson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Butcher’s Son\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, I’m just trying to hang in there,” said Samuel Wong, the owner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/layonna-vegetarian-health-food-market-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Layonna Vegetarian Health Food Market, \u003c/a> a vegan market in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These times are about surviving,” said Alejandro Morgan, head of culinary of the Bay Area restaurant group \u003ca href=\"https://backofthehouseinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Back of the House\u003c/a>, which owns the plant-based eatery \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildseedsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildseed\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Cow Hollow neighborhood. “These times are about being able to keep as many people you can employed, and pay the bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED listener Mishi Ramos’ question, “What is the vegan food scene in the Bay Area like today?” came across the Bay Curious desk not long before the pandemic hit. Since then, the story of how vegan food businesses are faring today has become one that’s very much aligned with the fate of \u003cem>most\u003c/em> small, local restaurants during COVID-19 times. So, while we tackled the question by focusing on Bay Area vegan businesses, the answer applies more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Growth of Vegan Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though vegans only make up about 5-6% of the U.S. population, their numbers are growing, and more and more omnivores are starting to take an interest in vegan foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for the trend is the perception that eating a plant-based diet is healthy. People claim cutting out meat and dairy cleared their skin, upped their energy levels and helped them lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s growing public awareness around the meat industry’s treatment of animals and its environmental footprint. A \u003ca href=\"https://josephpoore.com/Science%20360%206392%20987%20-%20Accepted%20Manuscript.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent analysis from the journal Science\u003c/a> shows 60% of agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions comes from meat and dairy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside Meat Processing Plant Linked To Nearly 900 Coronavirus Cases | NBC Nightly News\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/cZOT9YOtl0U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, recent news headlines about the heavy impact of COVID-19 on the meat production industry have made more \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/local/305/2020/05/04/850066429/the-pandemic-has-people-rethinking-their-relationship-with-food-especially-meat\">people question how much meat they should have in their diet\u003c/a> — even though meat scandals in the past haven’t had long-term sticking power, and the overwhelming majority of Americans will continue to eat meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also helps the plant-based cause that vegan foods have become ubiquitous at grocery stores, restaurants and cafes, especially in the Bay Area, and that the region is well-known for its year-round abundance of produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, non-vegans in particular are gravitating towards the new, high-tech wave of meatless proteins, from companies like Impossible Foods and \u003ca href=\"https://www.beyondmeat.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beyond Meat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fooddive.com/news/study-consumers-try-plant-based-meat-because-theyre-curious/571615/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A recent study from the food industry publication Food Dive\u003c/a> shows the number one factor driving non-vegans to eat products like meatless burgers is that they’re starting to taste more like meat. (Traditional veggie patties, which many vegans still prefer, taste more like nuts, grains and seeds.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vegan Food Businesses Struggle in the Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing popularity of meatless proteins is what’s driving business at many of the newer vegan eateries in the Bay Area, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.thebutchersveganson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Butcher’s Son\u003c/a> in downtown Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829827 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/chicken-and-bacon-sandwich.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Butcher’s Son’s take on a chicken and bacon sandwich — without meat. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The restaurant opened early in 2016, and co-owner Christina Stobing said it was an immediate hit with vegans and non-vegans alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going vegan, there’s not a lot of options,” Stobing said, who’s also vegan. “Like, you can’t just go and get a Philly cheesesteak sandwich or a Reuben. We wanted to provide all those things that we were missing in a restaurant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stobing said business was going so well, and they were planning to expand. But when the coronavirus pandemic hit, they were forced to shrink. The restaurant let go of roughly two-thirds of its employees. A small business loan from the federal government has helped tide them over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had to to step back and say, ‘OK, can we stay open this week? Can we stay open next week?’ ” Stobing said. “Because things are changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just popular vegan restaurants that now find themselves facing an unpredictable future. Vegan grocery stores are also having a hard time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/layonna-vegetarian-health-food-market-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Layonna\u003c/a> Vegetarian Health Food Market in Oakland’s Chinatown has been around since the 1990s. The store’s owner, Samuel Wong, said the market has a loyal following. He counts meat-abstaining members of the nearby Buddhist temple among his customers, as well as people who drive in from places like Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829830\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829830 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Layonna-crew.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Original Layonna owner Layonna Wang (left), present owner Samuel Wong, and store employee Jenny Liang pose outside the front of Layonna, a vegan market in Oakland’s Chinatown neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Layonna’s customers include other vegan businesses, such as restaurants. Wong said the margins are normally pretty good. But that’s changed lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The business, it dropped a lot,” Wong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The store laid off three of its seven workers and is operating at reduced hours. Wong said he’s had to make some adjustments to survive, like delivering to restaurant clients himself, and signing up for a food delivery service to get Layonna’s products out to individual customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t want to go out,” Wong said. “So I have to sign up for this kind of service, even though they charge 30%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Challenge of Running \u003cem>Any\u003c/em> Small Food Business Right Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at the best of times, the restaurant industry — no matter the cuisine — is a hard game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime Bay Area food writer \u003ca href=\"http://www.theperfectspotsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virginia Miller\u003c/a> said the margins are almost always on the thin side, and that’s particularly the case for independent businesses and small local chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829864 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Virginia-Miller.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Virginia-Miller.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Virginia-Miller-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Area food and drink journalist Virginia Miller. \u003ccite>(Daniel Stumpf)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If they have any profit at all, usually 10% max, is the best most restaurants do,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between line items like rent, labor and sourcing high-quality produce, Miller said the cost of feeding people in the Bay Area is especially high. Vegan outlets are no different from other kinds of small food businesses. They’ve all been hit by the pandemic in similar ways and are all trying to figure out how to come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard predictions of anywhere from 30% to 80% of our restaurants will not reopen,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Thomas, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://ggra.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Golden Gate Restaurant Association\u003c/a>, a San Francisco restaurant industry advocacy group, said reopening a restaurant is a long and complex process. Restaurant owners have to weigh many different factors as they consider how and when to reopen — or whether it’s worth reopening at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People think restaurants can turn on a dime,” Thomas said. “It doesn’t work that way. You’ve got to get your employees. You’ve got to pay back your vendors. You’ve got about a week to two weeks of ordering the food and getting everything going again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they do decide to fully reopen, restaurants are having to come to grips with a bunch of unforeseen factors to do with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829832\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-687x916.jpg 687w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-414x552.jpg 414w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681-354x472.jpg 354w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/wildseed-window-e1595288832681.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The walk-up window at Wildseed in San Francisco’s Cow Hollow neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildseedsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wildseed\u003c/a>, an upscale, plant-based restaurant in San Francisco’s Cow Hollow neighborhood, director of culinary Alejandro Morgan said it’s been tough to entice workers back at a time when many are making more money claiming unemployment benefits than from working their old jobs. Plus, they’re staying safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I got my job back, then I would have to weigh things, you know, and say, ‘OK, well, do I risk getting sick and getting my family sick for a job that probably won’t pay as much as before?’ ” Morgan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s navigating all the new health and safety restrictions, such as limiting the seating capacity to allow for physical distancing. Morgan said Wildseed has applied for a permit to put in extra outdoor seating. But even with the additional outdoor seating, they’ll still be operating at around 30% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only so long that it makes sense to carry on that way, and many Bay Area counties have put reopening plans on hold for indoor dining. Given all the variables, Morgan said it’s hard to predict what it will take to reopen properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made plans, but, you know, usually we scratch those plans and restart,” Morgan said. “There could be something tomorrow, like, ‘You guys gotta close back again.’ I’m really hoping that’s not the case, because that would be very devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting Creative in Order to Survive\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With profits disappearing and things being so unpredictable right now, restaurants are having to get creative if they want to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takeout has obviously taken on a much larger role in restaurants’ core business as a result of the pandemic. That’s true for many high-end restaurants that would never have dreamed of boxing up their fancy dishes in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend towards takeout means adjusting — not everything travels well in a box — and figuring out more efficient ways to work in the kitchen so restaurants can meet the demand for takeout as well as serve customers on-site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With people preferring to eat at home, delivery services like \u003ca href=\"https://www.doordash.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DoorDash\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.grubhub.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Grubhub\u003c/a> are also becoming a must for restaurants, even though several owners interviewed for this story complained about the high fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are the new advances in technology, which allow diners to do things like order meals from their tables using their phones. Wildseed’s Morgan said these systems appeal to restaurants because they reduce labor costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And maybe for the guests, too, right, to feel comfortable,” he added. “They want to limit the amount of interaction they have with another person at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s wary of going with the technology because he said human interaction is still a key part of good hospitality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big problems with this whole COVID-19 era is that we are going to lose a lot of human elements to everything that we do,” Morgan said. “I have passion for hospitality. And that’s something that is going to hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not to Be Underestimated: The Human Element\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some chefs are making personal connections the cornerstone of their new business model, even if it means lowering production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One small food business KQED spoke with for this story, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Vegetarian-Vegan-Restaurant/The-Presumptuous-Pepita-101321621272290/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Presumptuous Pepita, \u003c/a>relies entirely on building long-term, one-on-one relationships with customers — and it seems to be flourishing in spite of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11829833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11829833 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Victoria-and-Mary.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vegan personal chef Victoria Aguilar of the Presumptuous Pepita (left) delivers lunch to San Francisco resident Mary Samson. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The force behind The Presumptuous Pepita is personal vegan chef Victoria Aguilar, who describes themself as a “queer, non-binary, brown business owner who was born and raised on Ohlone Land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar said they launched The Presumptuous Pepita last December after tiring of the fixed hours and limited menus that usually come with restaurant work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like the intimacy of being able to cook for folks and then to bring it to them, especially during this time when folks really can’t see many people,” Aguilar said. “And so we’ve already built relationships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is The Presumptuous Pepita’s sole employee. So their overhead is low. And the chef said business has been booming since the stay-at-home orders went into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m making a good amount of money,” they said. “I’m profiting more than I thought I would.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is proud of the fact that small, niche businesses like The Presumptuous Pepita are building community, even in the middle of a global pandemic. During the recent Black Lives Matter protests, Aguilar said they delivered free meals to protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of small businesses like myself, and other vegan small businesses, are doing the work of supporting protesters who are on the front lines,” they said. “We’re feeding compassionately and giving the best that we can right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Dating and Sex During Coronavirus: From Masks to Kissing, a Guide to Your Risks",
"publishDate": 1594416419,
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"headTitle": "Dating and Sex During Coronavirus: From Masks to Kissing, a Guide to Your Risks | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#sex\">Sex and Physical Contact Risks\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#dating\">Dating During a Pandemic\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#alts\">Temporary Alternatives for Sex and Dating\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#cohabit\">Advice for Cohabiting Couples\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This guide to sex and dating includes some graphic language.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s get this straight: during the COVID-19 pandemic, there \u003cem>is\u003c/em> no “safe way” to have sex with someone you don’t live and quarantine with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But humans are humans, and we know some folks \u003cem>will\u003c/em> still make the choice to get physically intimate with other people, despite the presence of a highly contagious disease in our midst. So we \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826381/sex-and-dating-in-the-covid-19-era-what-do-you-want-to-know\">asked for your anonymous questions\u003c/a>, and created this guide to sex and dating during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because there’s no 100%-safe way to date or have sex outside your household right now, you’ll see the super-unsexy — yet \u003cem>super\u003c/em>-important — phrase “harm reduction strategies” throughout this guide. That’s because when it comes to engaging in social and physical intimacy, it’s all about weighing your risk factors, assessing them against the risk factors of the person (or people) you’d like to have sex with and doing everything you can to further \u003cem>reduce\u003c/em> the potential harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve consulted with these sex and health experts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Stephanie Cohen\u003c/strong>, medical director of San Francisco City Clinic\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Nenna Joiner\u003c/strong>, owner of Oakland sex store Feelmore and former adult filmmaker\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Julia Feldman\u003c/strong>, Bay Area sex educator and consultant at Giving the Talk\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"sex\">\u003c/a>Sex, Physical Contact and COVID-19\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828124\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828124\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing.jpg 1900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kissing represents a high transmission risk for COVID-19 right now. \u003ccite>(Victoria Borodinova/Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What bodily fluids can carry COVID-19?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>So many aspects of the coronavirus remain mysterious to scientists, and that includes the full scope of COVID-19’s relationship with sex. But here’s what we do know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone has COVID-19, they can transmit the virus via particles in:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Their saliva\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their mucus\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their breath\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has also been found in the semen and feces of people with COVID-19. It \u003cem>hasn’t\u003c/em> been found in vaginal fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can COVID-19 be spread through sex, whether vaginal or anal? The scientific community actually doesn’t know for sure yet. What we do know is that “sex is the definition of close contact,” as Stephanie Cohen puts it. So if you’re close enough to get physically intimate with someone with COVID-19, you’re \u003cem>definitely\u003c/em> close enough to have a high risk of being infected via those particles they’re exhaling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How dangerous is kissing?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Kissing someone outside of your household is one of \u003cem>the\u003c/em> most risky things you can do right now, Cohen says, because of how much exchange of saliva it involves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, she says, kissing might actually present a \u003cem>higher\u003c/em> risk of transmission than vaginal or anal sex. And anything that increases your respiration and your respiratory rate “will likely result in the release of more respiratory droplets,” thus increasing the risk of transmission — think heavy breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Are certain \u003cem>types\u003c/em> of sex riskier?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Because the coronavirus has been found in feces — and because gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea can occur sometimes with COVID-19 infection — Cohen says there’s a likely chance that anal sex or oral-anal contact \u003cem>would\u003c/em> pose more of a transmission risk than other forms of sex such as penile-vaginal contact, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, medical professionals just don’t know for sure. COVID-19 transmission risk would also be impacted by a number of other factors, such as the degree of face-to-face contact and how infectious the person with COVID-19 is at the time of the sexual encounter. Right now, there just isn’t enough data to be definitive, Cohen says — so it’s all about assessing those various risk indicators we \u003cem>do\u003c/em> know about.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>If I \u003cem>do\u003c/em> have sex, what are some things I can do to reduce my risk of catching COVID-19?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you’re utterly determined to have sex outside of your household right now, these precautions represent harm reduction strategies:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wearing a mask:\u003c/strong> Remember, a mask protects the other person in how it limits the spread of \u003cem>your\u003c/em> respiratory droplets. For masks to truly reduce the risks of either sexual partner getting COVID-19, both people would have to wear a mask: a mutual masking, if you will. “It might not be a strategy that works for everyone,” Cohen says, “but certainly I think it’s one that \u003cem>could\u003c/em> reduce risk.” Remember though: as Nenna Joiner reminds us, masks are like condoms in the sense that you “still need to know how to put [them] on \u003cem>correctly\u003c/em>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Choosing positions that minimize face-to-face contact:\u003c/strong> Spooning sex, doggy-style, reverse-cowboy/cowgirl/cowperson — consider agreeing to stick to sexual arrangements that keep your faces far apart, and ideally with one person faced completely away from the other. (It’s a bit of a spontaneity-killer, yes, but it’s a good idea to agree to this one \u003cem>before\u003c/em> you start having sex, to avoid ‘the heat of the moment’ making the decisions for you.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Remember cleanliness:\u003c/strong> “Washing up really well, both before and after sex” is another way sexual partners can potentially reduce their risk to each other, Cohen says. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you don’t have soap and water on hand, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol and rub your hands together until they feel dry. \u003cem>Don’t\u003c/em> use sanitizer anywhere intimate — it will really irritate that delicate skin. If you have someone else’s bodily fluids on your body, be sure to wash them off thoroughly. You cannot “absorb” the coronavirus through your skin, but you might \u003cem>touch\u003c/em> your skin and then touch your face. If you’re using sex toys, wash those with soap and warm water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Using condoms and other barriers:\u003c/strong> Wearing a condom during sex will decrease your exposure to saliva or feces. For oral sex, using a condom or dental dam similarly provides a barrier. This is especially important for any anal contact.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Keep it quick:\u003c/strong> Minimizing the length of a sexual encounter is a harm reduction strategy in how it’s reducing the amount of time you’re potentially being exposed to the virus.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Consider things that \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em> exchange fluids:\u003c/strong> Mutual masturbation could be considered a harm reduction strategy, Cohen says. But don’t forget that if you’re simultaneously making out, “that could actually be \u003cem>higher\u003c/em> risk than a quick session of oral sex,” she says.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And remember: Don’t forget to practice the safe sex you usually would before the pandemic.\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>With all this in mind, we’ll say it again: right now, during the COVID-19 pandemic, \u003cem>there is no way\u003c/em> of having sex with someone outside your household that carries zero risk of transmitting or obtaining the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s looking for a magic loophole,” acknowledges Julia Feldman, “and it doesn’t really exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s \u003cem>another\u003c/em> tricky thing. Even if you and your partner agree to abide by all of the above harm reduction strategies in the cold light of day, things can shift in the heat of the moment. Previously agreed-upon plans can fall apart when inhibitions are lowered and you’re turned on, especially if alcohol is involved — and in these circumstances “you’re less likely to use your prefrontal cortex to really analyze the risk involved in the situation,” Feldman stresses. “Especially if you haven’t had sex in a long time and you’re very excited to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you’re concerned that your safety boundaries might be in any way reduced or made negotiable during sex… back away, and prioritize your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828141\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828141\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels.jpg 1900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There’s no way to have sex with someone outside your household that’s risk-free for COVID-19 right now. \u003ccite>(Nicholas Swatz/Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>OK… I had sex anyway. How long should I wait to get a COVID-19 test?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you aren’t sure whether your sexual partner had COVID-19, the best time to get tested for the coronavirus would be between five and 14 days after the encounter, says Stephanie Cohen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the median average time from exposure to coronavirus symptom onset is five days — so testing any earlier than that might not yield an accurate result — but the incubation period (the amount of time you can be infected before showing symptoms) is \u003cem>up to\u003c/em> 14 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Is isolating for 14 days between sexual partners a good idea?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Here’s the idea: you have sex with someone, and then wait for 14 days to see if you develop symptoms of COVID-19. If you don’t, you’re good to move on to a new partner safe in the knowledge you don’t have the disease and aren’t passing it on — right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not quite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good strategy; it’s a harm reduction strategy,” Cohen says, but “it’s not a zero-risk strategy.” That’s because of the large numbers of people who get COVID-19 but never show any symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about sex with more than one person?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Having multiple people that you have sex with is a definite risk factor for transmitting COVID-19. These kinds of overlapping sexual relationships with different people — going back and forth between people, basically — is called “concurrency” in the sexual health world, and it’s something experts say \u003cem>will\u003c/em> heighten your risk of spreading the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To minimize that concurrency,” Cohen says, “decrease the network size — which decreases the spread of coronavirus.” Basically, consider reducing the number of people you’re having sex with during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where does that leave you if you practice polyamory, which is all about having multiple sexual relationships?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nenna Joiner says that yes, some folks \u003cem>are\u003c/em> deciding to take a break from polyamorous intimacy during the pandemic owing to the heightened risks of having different partners right now. But other poly people are choosing to isolate together “as a poly family,” they say, and agreeing to only have sex “within that sphere of people.” Ultimately, it’s about finding the solution that works best for your health, and that of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about group sex?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If group sex (having sex with multiple people at the \u003cem>same\u003c/em> time) was your thing before the pandemic, Stephanie Cohen has a message for you: “The fewer people, the better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because with every additional person in a situation — social \u003cem>or\u003c/em> sexual — you’re adding a potential COVID-19 case, whether they know they have it or not. In a group sex situation, that person is then potentially transmitting the coronavirus to multiple people at one time — who could then go on to infect others, who then go on to… you get the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do continue to choose group sex, New York City’s public health department \u003ca href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/imm/covid-sex-guidance.pdf\">advises you\u003c/a> to “Go with a consistent sex partner” in such a situation, and “pick larger, more open, and well-ventilated spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about sex workers? How can they make it work right now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Is there a way to safely engage in sex work in the midst of a pandemic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “a profession that certainly carries risk,” Cohen stresses, due to the amount of close physical contact involved. In addition to the other strategies discussed here, some additional harm reduction strategies sex workers might consider are to limit the number of clients they see during the pandemic, to opt for a smaller circle of regular clients and “more spacing out in-between partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"dating\">\u003c/a>Dating During the Pandemic\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11825760\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x-1020x573.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As shelter-in-place order ease, Bay Area residents will have to negotiate new boundaries around who they hang out with, and how. \u003ccite>(Photo by JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Who is ‘safe’ to date right now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>As if finding a match with someone you’re emotional and physically compatible with in all the \u003cem>expected\u003c/em> ways wasn’t fraught enough — you now have the coronavirus risk compatibility to consider, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is, Feldman admits, “a really unfortunate layer to add to dating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get ready for some frank communication with partners, both current \u003cem>and\u003c/em> potential ones, about your circumstances and behaviors around contact with other people. How many people are they seeing, socially or sexually? How does their daily life look in terms of interactions with other people? Are they an essential worker? If so, what kind of traffic does their place of work experience?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nutshell, this is not the time for mystery — and in many ways, you’ll have to be your own contact tracer, says Nenna Joiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How much do I need to talk about COVID-19 with potential partners?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Open, honest communication about your health has never been more crucial than right now. And, as Julia Feldman notes, if you’re getting sexually intimate with somebody, you \u003cem>should\u003c/em> already be talking to that person about your health and sexual health status. COVID-19 is now another communicable disease for you and your sexual partner(s) to be discussing, without holding anything back. (Remember though: somebody can have the coronavirus and have zero symptoms. Just because somebody thinks they don’t have COVID-19 doesn’t mean they are \u003cem>definitely\u003c/em> COVID-19-free.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting these conversations can feel tricky, especially with someone you barely know, so Feldman advises you initiate the conversation by leading with your \u003cem>own\u003c/em> experience — a time you were concerned you might have been at risk for contracting COVID-19, perhaps, or a recent decision to seek out a test for the disease. Leading with your own vulnerability, she says, can really open up a conversation without putting your prospective partner on the spot. You don’t want them to feel grilled, or accused. “That definitely doesn’t set the mood, and it doesn’t build trust,” Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, at the end of the day, people are trying to figure out how to get all of their needs met as safely as possible,” reminds Feldman. “That’s a lot to navigate! This is brand new stuff. We are going to be messy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In being thoughtful though, don’t forget to acknowledge your own boundaries — and forget about anyone who \u003cem>doesn’t\u003c/em> respect them, especially during a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being an advocate for your own safety — and working to limit community transmission of the coronavirus — means not letting any potential partners pressure you into meeting up in person, or engaging in any sexual contact you don’t want to have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Julia Feldman, sex educator\"]‘Ultimately, at the end of the day, people are trying to figure out how to get all of their needs met as safely as possible. That’s a lot to navigate!’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>I live with other people. What do \u003cem>they\u003c/em> need to know about my dating and sex life?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you’re sharing your living situation with roommates or family, sorry: your business is now \u003cem>their\u003c/em> business, especially if their own health places them in a vulnerable category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means you should be as transparent as possible with the people you live with about your relationship(s), and the types of activities and the type of risks that you’re involved in, Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step in navigating this should be talking with the person you’re dating or having sex with, to establish \u003cem>their\u003c/em> level of risk. You need to work out the potential COVID-19 risk their behavior and circumstances pose not just to you, but therefore to the people you cohabit with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You should be prepared to discuss how you propose to minimize your roommates’ risk, whether that’s avoiding shared spaces in your home, relentless sanitizing of your living environment — or whether your cohabitees are prepared to \u003cem>not\u003c/em> do this and accept the heightened risk, and the potential consequences of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, get used to communicating because “you need to have some very frank conversations about how you’re going to try to keep everyone safe, and prioritize \u003cem>everyone’s\u003c/em> health and well-being,” Feldman says. It’s \u003cem>that\u003c/em> big a deal that ultimately, Cohen says, your roommates or family “should have veto power in terms of you engaging in risky behavior and bringing it back to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"alts\">\u003c/a>Temporary Alternatives for Sex and Dating\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828122\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1-800x477.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1-160x95.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nenna Joiner at Feelmore Adult Gallery in Oakland, which they founded in 2011. \u003ccite>(Pendarvis Harshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Is ‘distanced sex’ a thing?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Totally, says Joiner: social distancing and forgoing physical touch does \u003cem>not\u003c/em> have to be a barrier to sexual intimacy. Sex toys which use Bluetooth connectivity can be used or worn by one partner and activated remotely by their partner from six feet or more away, without any physical contact. If you want to increase that distance, Joiner says you could use these kinds of toys in conjunction with phone sex, or voyeurism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might sound impersonal, but Joiner says distanced products actually require just as much effort and communication, if not more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to turn on a person to make them feel confident and comfortable and warm like you’re there,” they say. (Joiner’s pro tip: If you’re purchasing this kind of remote toy for the first time, try it out solo first to really get to grips with it — and minimize any awkwardness when you come to use it with your partner.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>I know I am ‘my own safest partner.’ How can I make the most of that?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Nenna Joiner reminds that some people might actually welcome the break from active dating that COVID-19 enforces. Some people with anxiety can often find the machinery of dating — conversation, sex with someone new — stressful and anxiety-provoking. If that’s you, Joiner says to take advantage of this “buffer,” to get some respite. They also want to remind you that not everyone in the world is into self-pleasure — and if that’s you, that’s \u003cem>totally\u003c/em> fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If limiting your physical intimacy with others is something you’re committed to, you may be considering acquiring sex toys to concentrate on your personal pleasure instead. Joiner says many sex shops, including their own, offer online chat services, where you can consult with an expert about exactly what you’re looking for. Joiner says some of Feelmore’s live chats can get “crazy,” so don’t worry about being frank with the professionals. Online deliveries or courier services are also available in many stores, to enable you to maintain social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joiner’s entry-level advice with your purchases: “Stay on the lower end (on price), figure your body out for yourself and \u003cem>then\u003c/em> progress from there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about taking everything online?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you decide to take your sex life fully online to eliminate any close contact or in-person elements, New York City’s public health experts advise that if you normally meet your sexual partners online (or make a living on the internet), “video dates, sexting, subscription-based fan platforms, sexy ‘Zoom parties’ or chat rooms may be options for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you choose this option, don’t forget to keep your environments clean in a way you would if someone else \u003cem>was\u003c/em> present, and disinfect any keyboards and touch screens you’re using that you share with other other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, don’t let the possibilities of the internet (and let’s face it, lockdown-induced frustrations) override your normal judgment around your online privacy and personal safety. Especially when it comes to sending nudes or other intimate material to someone you don’t know and trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How can I ‘have’ intimacy if it’s not safe to touch someone right now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Don’t be deterred or dismayed by how new all this feels either, Joiner says. The pandemic means many of us have had to learn new ways of living in general, and these adaptations to our sexual lives are in many ways “an opportunity to create a new life sexually for ourselves as well,” they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joiner believes that this might even be a spur to \u003cem>regain\u003c/em> intimacy for many people, because of the extra imagination and effort required. It’s a chance, they say, to make sure that you’re really focusing on your own emotional needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Feldman advises that this is also a potential moment to redefine what intimacy means for \u003cem>you\u003c/em>, beyond mere physical touch: “We can’t say that intimacy is dead!” she says. “It just has to function slightly differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"cohabit\">\u003c/a>Advice for Cohabiting Couples\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11826424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11826424\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-1536x960.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cohabitating during a pandemic can present a whole new set of issues to tackle around sex. \u003ccite>(Retha Ferguson/Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>I \u003cem>live\u003c/em> with my partner but we’re not having much sex. Help!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It’s not just single folks who aren’t \u003cem>necessarily\u003c/em> having the quantity or quality of physical contact they’d prefer during quarantine. For a couple who lives together, even a previously harmonious relationship can be severely tested by 24/7 cohabitation during COVID-19 — and result in a drop in intimacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about switching up your timing to reinvigorate a dynamic, Joiner says. They recommend taking separate breaks outside of your shared accommodation — like a solo lunch break at the park — but also occasionally meeting up in a fresh setting that’s not where you live together. Joiner recommends trying a joint picnic, or a driving date — shared experiences that “will actually lead you to have to know \u003cem>why\u003c/em> you’re in a relationship with your partner, and then to lead towards more intimacy, which leads to more sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget the power of dressing up slightly too, Joiner says, who warns against “the rut of seeing each other in certain clothes” (e.g. your work-from-home sweats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even making a little effort for regular activities can go a long way, they say. “Like my partner: Yesterday we went to church online, and she puts on a dress. I’m like, ‘shit!'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>My live-in partner is really bad at social distancing, and I’m worried to kiss or have sex with them. What can I do?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you’re covering your face in public and maintaining social distance, but your partner doesn’t, they’re not only heightening their own risk of contracting COVID-19 but bringing their risk home to you. How can you have that conversation in a way that makes change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a sense, this conversation is an extension of the dialogues you and your partner have already (hopefully!) had about trust and fidelity of all kinds within your relationship, and the things that matter to you, whether that’s strict monogamy or communication around other partnerships you may have. Agreeing to even be \u003cem>in\u003c/em> a relationship is about declaring an intent to care for that other person’s wellbeing and safety in certain regards, and any breach of that — like bringing home a risk of COVID-19 without discussion — represents a decision to disregard that agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you’re in this situation, try explicitly framing this with your partner as a fidelity issue, Feldman recommends: “We made a commitment to protect each other through the good and bad, and right now this is pretty bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She advises aiming to come to a reaffirmed agreement with your partner about “what level of risk you’re both willing to take on, and to really sign onto that.” Then, if there’s still a breach, you really need to talk about respect within your relationship, and whether you’re both really committed to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When opening up these dialogues with your partner, Feldman also advises emphasizing that these are not “normal times,” and \u003cem>this is not forever\u003c/em>. These restrictions and limitations for which you’re advocating on the grounds of your shared health — and the trust in your relationship — are temporary. “You’re not saying your husband can never, for example, go play poker with the guys ever again, or whatever it is that he wants to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you still have questions about safe(r) sex and dating during the COVID-19 pandemic, submit them anonymously here — we may update this guide.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfORlnLyeRwi5X3h-SJ8SwhVxUbu0-wfpkL0sGfMxWFLl2gvw/viewform?embedded=true\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From kissing and testing to 'distanced sex,' there is no 100% safe way to date and have sex during the COVID-19 pandemic — but there are ways to reduce your risks.",
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"title": "Dating and Sex During Coronavirus: From Masks to Kissing, a Guide to Your Risks | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#sex\">Sex and Physical Contact Risks\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#dating\">Dating During a Pandemic\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#alts\">Temporary Alternatives for Sex and Dating\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#cohabit\">Advice for Cohabiting Couples\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This guide to sex and dating includes some graphic language.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s get this straight: during the COVID-19 pandemic, there \u003cem>is\u003c/em> no “safe way” to have sex with someone you don’t live and quarantine with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But humans are humans, and we know some folks \u003cem>will\u003c/em> still make the choice to get physically intimate with other people, despite the presence of a highly contagious disease in our midst. So we \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826381/sex-and-dating-in-the-covid-19-era-what-do-you-want-to-know\">asked for your anonymous questions\u003c/a>, and created this guide to sex and dating during the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because there’s no 100%-safe way to date or have sex outside your household right now, you’ll see the super-unsexy — yet \u003cem>super\u003c/em>-important — phrase “harm reduction strategies” throughout this guide. That’s because when it comes to engaging in social and physical intimacy, it’s all about weighing your risk factors, assessing them against the risk factors of the person (or people) you’d like to have sex with and doing everything you can to further \u003cem>reduce\u003c/em> the potential harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve consulted with these sex and health experts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Stephanie Cohen\u003c/strong>, medical director of San Francisco City Clinic\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Nenna Joiner\u003c/strong>, owner of Oakland sex store Feelmore and former adult filmmaker\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Julia Feldman\u003c/strong>, Bay Area sex educator and consultant at Giving the Talk\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"sex\">\u003c/a>Sex, Physical Contact and COVID-19\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828124\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828124\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing.jpg 1900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/kissing-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kissing represents a high transmission risk for COVID-19 right now. \u003ccite>(Victoria Borodinova/Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>What bodily fluids can carry COVID-19?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>So many aspects of the coronavirus remain mysterious to scientists, and that includes the full scope of COVID-19’s relationship with sex. But here’s what we do know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone has COVID-19, they can transmit the virus via particles in:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Their saliva\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their mucus\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their breath\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has also been found in the semen and feces of people with COVID-19. It \u003cem>hasn’t\u003c/em> been found in vaginal fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can COVID-19 be spread through sex, whether vaginal or anal? The scientific community actually doesn’t know for sure yet. What we do know is that “sex is the definition of close contact,” as Stephanie Cohen puts it. So if you’re close enough to get physically intimate with someone with COVID-19, you’re \u003cem>definitely\u003c/em> close enough to have a high risk of being infected via those particles they’re exhaling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How dangerous is kissing?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Kissing someone outside of your household is one of \u003cem>the\u003c/em> most risky things you can do right now, Cohen says, because of how much exchange of saliva it involves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, she says, kissing might actually present a \u003cem>higher\u003c/em> risk of transmission than vaginal or anal sex. And anything that increases your respiration and your respiratory rate “will likely result in the release of more respiratory droplets,” thus increasing the risk of transmission — think heavy breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Are certain \u003cem>types\u003c/em> of sex riskier?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Because the coronavirus has been found in feces — and because gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea can occur sometimes with COVID-19 infection — Cohen says there’s a likely chance that anal sex or oral-anal contact \u003cem>would\u003c/em> pose more of a transmission risk than other forms of sex such as penile-vaginal contact, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, medical professionals just don’t know for sure. COVID-19 transmission risk would also be impacted by a number of other factors, such as the degree of face-to-face contact and how infectious the person with COVID-19 is at the time of the sexual encounter. Right now, there just isn’t enough data to be definitive, Cohen says — so it’s all about assessing those various risk indicators we \u003cem>do\u003c/em> know about.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>If I \u003cem>do\u003c/em> have sex, what are some things I can do to reduce my risk of catching COVID-19?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you’re utterly determined to have sex outside of your household right now, these precautions represent harm reduction strategies:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wearing a mask:\u003c/strong> Remember, a mask protects the other person in how it limits the spread of \u003cem>your\u003c/em> respiratory droplets. For masks to truly reduce the risks of either sexual partner getting COVID-19, both people would have to wear a mask: a mutual masking, if you will. “It might not be a strategy that works for everyone,” Cohen says, “but certainly I think it’s one that \u003cem>could\u003c/em> reduce risk.” Remember though: as Nenna Joiner reminds us, masks are like condoms in the sense that you “still need to know how to put [them] on \u003cem>correctly\u003c/em>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Choosing positions that minimize face-to-face contact:\u003c/strong> Spooning sex, doggy-style, reverse-cowboy/cowgirl/cowperson — consider agreeing to stick to sexual arrangements that keep your faces far apart, and ideally with one person faced completely away from the other. (It’s a bit of a spontaneity-killer, yes, but it’s a good idea to agree to this one \u003cem>before\u003c/em> you start having sex, to avoid ‘the heat of the moment’ making the decisions for you.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Remember cleanliness:\u003c/strong> “Washing up really well, both before and after sex” is another way sexual partners can potentially reduce their risk to each other, Cohen says. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you don’t have soap and water on hand, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol and rub your hands together until they feel dry. \u003cem>Don’t\u003c/em> use sanitizer anywhere intimate — it will really irritate that delicate skin. If you have someone else’s bodily fluids on your body, be sure to wash them off thoroughly. You cannot “absorb” the coronavirus through your skin, but you might \u003cem>touch\u003c/em> your skin and then touch your face. If you’re using sex toys, wash those with soap and warm water.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Using condoms and other barriers:\u003c/strong> Wearing a condom during sex will decrease your exposure to saliva or feces. For oral sex, using a condom or dental dam similarly provides a barrier. This is especially important for any anal contact.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Keep it quick:\u003c/strong> Minimizing the length of a sexual encounter is a harm reduction strategy in how it’s reducing the amount of time you’re potentially being exposed to the virus.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Consider things that \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em> exchange fluids:\u003c/strong> Mutual masturbation could be considered a harm reduction strategy, Cohen says. But don’t forget that if you’re simultaneously making out, “that could actually be \u003cem>higher\u003c/em> risk than a quick session of oral sex,” she says.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And remember: Don’t forget to practice the safe sex you usually would before the pandemic.\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>With all this in mind, we’ll say it again: right now, during the COVID-19 pandemic, \u003cem>there is no way\u003c/em> of having sex with someone outside your household that carries zero risk of transmitting or obtaining the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s looking for a magic loophole,” acknowledges Julia Feldman, “and it doesn’t really exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s \u003cem>another\u003c/em> tricky thing. Even if you and your partner agree to abide by all of the above harm reduction strategies in the cold light of day, things can shift in the heat of the moment. Previously agreed-upon plans can fall apart when inhibitions are lowered and you’re turned on, especially if alcohol is involved — and in these circumstances “you’re less likely to use your prefrontal cortex to really analyze the risk involved in the situation,” Feldman stresses. “Especially if you haven’t had sex in a long time and you’re very excited to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you’re concerned that your safety boundaries might be in any way reduced or made negotiable during sex… back away, and prioritize your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828141\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1900px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828141\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1900\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels.jpg 1900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Couple-Nicholas-Swatz-Pexels-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1900px) 100vw, 1900px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There’s no way to have sex with someone outside your household that’s risk-free for COVID-19 right now. \u003ccite>(Nicholas Swatz/Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>OK… I had sex anyway. How long should I wait to get a COVID-19 test?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you aren’t sure whether your sexual partner had COVID-19, the best time to get tested for the coronavirus would be between five and 14 days after the encounter, says Stephanie Cohen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the median average time from exposure to coronavirus symptom onset is five days — so testing any earlier than that might not yield an accurate result — but the incubation period (the amount of time you can be infected before showing symptoms) is \u003cem>up to\u003c/em> 14 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Is isolating for 14 days between sexual partners a good idea?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Here’s the idea: you have sex with someone, and then wait for 14 days to see if you develop symptoms of COVID-19. If you don’t, you’re good to move on to a new partner safe in the knowledge you don’t have the disease and aren’t passing it on — right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not quite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good strategy; it’s a harm reduction strategy,” Cohen says, but “it’s not a zero-risk strategy.” That’s because of the large numbers of people who get COVID-19 but never show any symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about sex with more than one person?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Having multiple people that you have sex with is a definite risk factor for transmitting COVID-19. These kinds of overlapping sexual relationships with different people — going back and forth between people, basically — is called “concurrency” in the sexual health world, and it’s something experts say \u003cem>will\u003c/em> heighten your risk of spreading the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To minimize that concurrency,” Cohen says, “decrease the network size — which decreases the spread of coronavirus.” Basically, consider reducing the number of people you’re having sex with during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where does that leave you if you practice polyamory, which is all about having multiple sexual relationships?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nenna Joiner says that yes, some folks \u003cem>are\u003c/em> deciding to take a break from polyamorous intimacy during the pandemic owing to the heightened risks of having different partners right now. But other poly people are choosing to isolate together “as a poly family,” they say, and agreeing to only have sex “within that sphere of people.” Ultimately, it’s about finding the solution that works best for your health, and that of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about group sex?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If group sex (having sex with multiple people at the \u003cem>same\u003c/em> time) was your thing before the pandemic, Stephanie Cohen has a message for you: “The fewer people, the better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because with every additional person in a situation — social \u003cem>or\u003c/em> sexual — you’re adding a potential COVID-19 case, whether they know they have it or not. In a group sex situation, that person is then potentially transmitting the coronavirus to multiple people at one time — who could then go on to infect others, who then go on to… you get the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do continue to choose group sex, New York City’s public health department \u003ca href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/imm/covid-sex-guidance.pdf\">advises you\u003c/a> to “Go with a consistent sex partner” in such a situation, and “pick larger, more open, and well-ventilated spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about sex workers? How can they make it work right now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Is there a way to safely engage in sex work in the midst of a pandemic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “a profession that certainly carries risk,” Cohen stresses, due to the amount of close physical contact involved. In addition to the other strategies discussed here, some additional harm reduction strategies sex workers might consider are to limit the number of clients they see during the pandemic, to opt for a smaller circle of regular clients and “more spacing out in-between partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"dating\">\u003c/a>Dating During the Pandemic\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11825760\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1214738423_1920x-1020x573.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As shelter-in-place order ease, Bay Area residents will have to negotiate new boundaries around who they hang out with, and how. \u003ccite>(Photo by JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Who is ‘safe’ to date right now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>As if finding a match with someone you’re emotional and physically compatible with in all the \u003cem>expected\u003c/em> ways wasn’t fraught enough — you now have the coronavirus risk compatibility to consider, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is, Feldman admits, “a really unfortunate layer to add to dating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get ready for some frank communication with partners, both current \u003cem>and\u003c/em> potential ones, about your circumstances and behaviors around contact with other people. How many people are they seeing, socially or sexually? How does their daily life look in terms of interactions with other people? Are they an essential worker? If so, what kind of traffic does their place of work experience?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nutshell, this is not the time for mystery — and in many ways, you’ll have to be your own contact tracer, says Nenna Joiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How much do I need to talk about COVID-19 with potential partners?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Open, honest communication about your health has never been more crucial than right now. And, as Julia Feldman notes, if you’re getting sexually intimate with somebody, you \u003cem>should\u003c/em> already be talking to that person about your health and sexual health status. COVID-19 is now another communicable disease for you and your sexual partner(s) to be discussing, without holding anything back. (Remember though: somebody can have the coronavirus and have zero symptoms. Just because somebody thinks they don’t have COVID-19 doesn’t mean they are \u003cem>definitely\u003c/em> COVID-19-free.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting these conversations can feel tricky, especially with someone you barely know, so Feldman advises you initiate the conversation by leading with your \u003cem>own\u003c/em> experience — a time you were concerned you might have been at risk for contracting COVID-19, perhaps, or a recent decision to seek out a test for the disease. Leading with your own vulnerability, she says, can really open up a conversation without putting your prospective partner on the spot. You don’t want them to feel grilled, or accused. “That definitely doesn’t set the mood, and it doesn’t build trust,” Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, at the end of the day, people are trying to figure out how to get all of their needs met as safely as possible,” reminds Feldman. “That’s a lot to navigate! This is brand new stuff. We are going to be messy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In being thoughtful though, don’t forget to acknowledge your own boundaries — and forget about anyone who \u003cem>doesn’t\u003c/em> respect them, especially during a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being an advocate for your own safety — and working to limit community transmission of the coronavirus — means not letting any potential partners pressure you into meeting up in person, or engaging in any sexual contact you don’t want to have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>I live with other people. What do \u003cem>they\u003c/em> need to know about my dating and sex life?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you’re sharing your living situation with roommates or family, sorry: your business is now \u003cem>their\u003c/em> business, especially if their own health places them in a vulnerable category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means you should be as transparent as possible with the people you live with about your relationship(s), and the types of activities and the type of risks that you’re involved in, Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step in navigating this should be talking with the person you’re dating or having sex with, to establish \u003cem>their\u003c/em> level of risk. You need to work out the potential COVID-19 risk their behavior and circumstances pose not just to you, but therefore to the people you cohabit with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You should be prepared to discuss how you propose to minimize your roommates’ risk, whether that’s avoiding shared spaces in your home, relentless sanitizing of your living environment — or whether your cohabitees are prepared to \u003cem>not\u003c/em> do this and accept the heightened risk, and the potential consequences of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, get used to communicating because “you need to have some very frank conversations about how you’re going to try to keep everyone safe, and prioritize \u003cem>everyone’s\u003c/em> health and well-being,” Feldman says. It’s \u003cem>that\u003c/em> big a deal that ultimately, Cohen says, your roommates or family “should have veto power in terms of you engaging in risky behavior and bringing it back to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"alts\">\u003c/a>Temporary Alternatives for Sex and Dating\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828122\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1-800x477.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/NennaJoiner-1020x608-1-160x95.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nenna Joiner at Feelmore Adult Gallery in Oakland, which they founded in 2011. \u003ccite>(Pendarvis Harshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>Is ‘distanced sex’ a thing?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Totally, says Joiner: social distancing and forgoing physical touch does \u003cem>not\u003c/em> have to be a barrier to sexual intimacy. Sex toys which use Bluetooth connectivity can be used or worn by one partner and activated remotely by their partner from six feet or more away, without any physical contact. If you want to increase that distance, Joiner says you could use these kinds of toys in conjunction with phone sex, or voyeurism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might sound impersonal, but Joiner says distanced products actually require just as much effort and communication, if not more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to turn on a person to make them feel confident and comfortable and warm like you’re there,” they say. (Joiner’s pro tip: If you’re purchasing this kind of remote toy for the first time, try it out solo first to really get to grips with it — and minimize any awkwardness when you come to use it with your partner.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>I know I am ‘my own safest partner.’ How can I make the most of that?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Nenna Joiner reminds that some people might actually welcome the break from active dating that COVID-19 enforces. Some people with anxiety can often find the machinery of dating — conversation, sex with someone new — stressful and anxiety-provoking. If that’s you, Joiner says to take advantage of this “buffer,” to get some respite. They also want to remind you that not everyone in the world is into self-pleasure — and if that’s you, that’s \u003cem>totally\u003c/em> fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If limiting your physical intimacy with others is something you’re committed to, you may be considering acquiring sex toys to concentrate on your personal pleasure instead. Joiner says many sex shops, including their own, offer online chat services, where you can consult with an expert about exactly what you’re looking for. Joiner says some of Feelmore’s live chats can get “crazy,” so don’t worry about being frank with the professionals. Online deliveries or courier services are also available in many stores, to enable you to maintain social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joiner’s entry-level advice with your purchases: “Stay on the lower end (on price), figure your body out for yourself and \u003cem>then\u003c/em> progress from there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What about taking everything online?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you decide to take your sex life fully online to eliminate any close contact or in-person elements, New York City’s public health experts advise that if you normally meet your sexual partners online (or make a living on the internet), “video dates, sexting, subscription-based fan platforms, sexy ‘Zoom parties’ or chat rooms may be options for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you choose this option, don’t forget to keep your environments clean in a way you would if someone else \u003cem>was\u003c/em> present, and disinfect any keyboards and touch screens you’re using that you share with other other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, don’t let the possibilities of the internet (and let’s face it, lockdown-induced frustrations) override your normal judgment around your online privacy and personal safety. Especially when it comes to sending nudes or other intimate material to someone you don’t know and trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How can I ‘have’ intimacy if it’s not safe to touch someone right now?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Don’t be deterred or dismayed by how new all this feels either, Joiner says. The pandemic means many of us have had to learn new ways of living in general, and these adaptations to our sexual lives are in many ways “an opportunity to create a new life sexually for ourselves as well,” they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joiner believes that this might even be a spur to \u003cem>regain\u003c/em> intimacy for many people, because of the extra imagination and effort required. It’s a chance, they say, to make sure that you’re really focusing on your own emotional needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Feldman advises that this is also a potential moment to redefine what intimacy means for \u003cem>you\u003c/em>, beyond mere physical touch: “We can’t say that intimacy is dead!” she says. “It just has to function slightly differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>\u003ca id=\"cohabit\">\u003c/a>Advice for Cohabiting Couples\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11826424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11826424\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-1020x638.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/couple-1536x960.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cohabitating during a pandemic can present a whole new set of issues to tackle around sex. \u003ccite>(Retha Ferguson/Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>I \u003cem>live\u003c/em> with my partner but we’re not having much sex. Help!\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>It’s not just single folks who aren’t \u003cem>necessarily\u003c/em> having the quantity or quality of physical contact they’d prefer during quarantine. For a couple who lives together, even a previously harmonious relationship can be severely tested by 24/7 cohabitation during COVID-19 — and result in a drop in intimacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all about switching up your timing to reinvigorate a dynamic, Joiner says. They recommend taking separate breaks outside of your shared accommodation — like a solo lunch break at the park — but also occasionally meeting up in a fresh setting that’s not where you live together. Joiner recommends trying a joint picnic, or a driving date — shared experiences that “will actually lead you to have to know \u003cem>why\u003c/em> you’re in a relationship with your partner, and then to lead towards more intimacy, which leads to more sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget the power of dressing up slightly too, Joiner says, who warns against “the rut of seeing each other in certain clothes” (e.g. your work-from-home sweats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even making a little effort for regular activities can go a long way, they say. “Like my partner: Yesterday we went to church online, and she puts on a dress. I’m like, ‘shit!'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>My live-in partner is really bad at social distancing, and I’m worried to kiss or have sex with them. What can I do?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you’re covering your face in public and maintaining social distance, but your partner doesn’t, they’re not only heightening their own risk of contracting COVID-19 but bringing their risk home to you. How can you have that conversation in a way that makes change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a sense, this conversation is an extension of the dialogues you and your partner have already (hopefully!) had about trust and fidelity of all kinds within your relationship, and the things that matter to you, whether that’s strict monogamy or communication around other partnerships you may have. Agreeing to even be \u003cem>in\u003c/em> a relationship is about declaring an intent to care for that other person’s wellbeing and safety in certain regards, and any breach of that — like bringing home a risk of COVID-19 without discussion — represents a decision to disregard that agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you’re in this situation, try explicitly framing this with your partner as a fidelity issue, Feldman recommends: “We made a commitment to protect each other through the good and bad, and right now this is pretty bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She advises aiming to come to a reaffirmed agreement with your partner about “what level of risk you’re both willing to take on, and to really sign onto that.” Then, if there’s still a breach, you really need to talk about respect within your relationship, and whether you’re both really committed to each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When opening up these dialogues with your partner, Feldman also advises emphasizing that these are not “normal times,” and \u003cem>this is not forever\u003c/em>. These restrictions and limitations for which you’re advocating on the grounds of your shared health — and the trust in your relationship — are temporary. “You’re not saying your husband can never, for example, go play poker with the guys ever again, or whatever it is that he wants to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you still have questions about safe(r) sex and dating during the COVID-19 pandemic, submit them anonymously here — we may update this guide.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe\n src='https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfORlnLyeRwi5X3h-SJ8SwhVxUbu0-wfpkL0sGfMxWFLl2gvw/viewform?embedded=true?embedded=true'\n title='https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfORlnLyeRwi5X3h-SJ8SwhVxUbu0-wfpkL0sGfMxWFLl2gvw/viewform?embedded=true'\n width='760' height='500'\n frameborder='0'\n marginheight='0' marginwidth='0'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The symptoms for COVID-19 hit Larry Williams pretty fast. He got sweaty, disoriented. His blood pressure dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told me that they feared that I was going to have a heart attack or heart failure,” Williams said by phone from San Quentin State Prison, where he is incarcerated. “They thought I was going to crash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams, who has underlying health conditions that put him at risk for dying from COVID-19, tested positive for the virus on June 11, a day after a correctional officer asked him to help move hundreds of boxes from the bottom floor of a prison unit to a higher tier. After taking a couple loads, he asked whose belongings they were moving. He said the officer shrugged and told him the property belonged to 121 inmates who had transferred there at the end of May from the California Institution for Men in Chino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five of those men subsequently tested positive for the virus, and were believed to be the source of what’s become the largest COVID-19 outbreak in a California prison, infecting more than 1,600 men incarcerated at San Quentin and killing seven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Larry Williams, COVID-19 survivor incarcerated at San Quentin\"]‘They need to provide a better facility that they can keep COVID-free, because right now, I’m one of the lucky ones.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most inmates at the prison in Marin County are being restricted to dorms or cells to prevent further spread of the virus, some routinely left those cells to provide essential work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorm porters like Williams clean group living spaces, including inmate’s toilets and showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most prison jobs pay between $.09 to $1.40 an hour, but Williams said he was not financially compensated for his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our pay was being able to come out [of our cells], stay out a little extra, being able to use the phone,” he said. “We moved the boxes because we were afraid of losing our privileges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828235\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ.jpg\" alt=\"Larry Williams, who is incarcerated at San Quentin and has underlying health conditions that put him at risk of dying from COVID-19, tested positive for the virus after a correctional officer asked him to help move hundreds of boxes that had belonged to infected inmates transferred from Chino.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1767\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-800x736.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-1020x939.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-160x147.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-1536x1414.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larry Williams, who is incarcerated at San Quentin and has underlying health conditions that put him at risk of dying from COVID-19, tested positive for the virus after a correctional officer asked him to help move hundreds of boxes that had belonged to infected inmates transferred from Chino. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation spokeswoman Dana Simas responded to the allegations in a July 8 email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our top priority is the health and safety of all those who live and work in our state prisons, including the incarcerated population that fulfill critical work assignments,” Simas wrote. “We are taking every precaution possible to protect the critical worker population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those precautions include providing surgical masks during critical workers’ shifts, personal protective equipment if warranted and training on infection control, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an essential worker at San Quentin who cleaned the rooms of COVID-19 patients recently told a filmmaker such protections were not in place for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The worker] told me that his initial COVID training didn’t require them to use masks when they were cleaning areas where people who had been infected had been,” said Adamu Chan on a phone call from San Quentin last week. “Some of his coworkers had become infected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan, who makes films about life at the prison through the nonprofit program \u003ca href=\"https://restorecal.org/firstwatch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">First Watch\u003c/a>, recently interviewed a member of a team that cleaned COVID-19 treatment rooms. That worker said he felt the team had been coerced into going into dangerous sections of the prison without proper protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of his coworkers had just stopped going to work because they didn’t feel like it was safe,” Chan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Prison Industry Authority (CALPIA), a civilian-led program inside California prisons that employed more than 7,000 inmates statewide in 2019, confirmed that some of their workers at San Quentin clean medical treatment rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Though these workers have been deemed ‘critical,’ none are being forced to report to work,” said spokeswoman Stephanie Eres in a July 8 email, which also laid out precautions the program is taking to protect inmates, including providing them with masks, protective eyewear and hand sanitizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the type of work assignment, CALPIA said they provided additional protection through Tyvek suits or smocks and N95 masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='san-quentin']The program directors also encouraged physical distance, Eres wrote, and when working in areas where that was not possible, “CALPIA has utilized barriers between each work area or has reorganized areas to ensure staff and offenders can maintain the six-feet-apart distancing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eres said CALPIA closed programs at San Quentin on June 22 and has shut down 43 other programs at various prisons throughout the state due to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827142/lawmakers-want-stronger-covid-19-protections-in-california-prisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> on allegations that incarcerated workers at the California Institution for Women in Riverside also contracted the virus while working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Quentin, Larry Williams has nearly recovered from COVID-19, and continues to speak out about conditions in the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday that the state aims to release thousands of inmates with lower-level offenses soon from San Quentin and other state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams, a father of four who is serving time in San Quentin for a parole violation, hopes to be one of them. He has nearly recovered from COVID-19, but thinks more should be done to control the outbreak at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People like me that have underlying health conditions, we should be looked at and possibly allowed to go home on an ankle monitor,” he said. “Or they need to provide a better facility that they can keep us COVID-free, because right now, I’m one of the lucky ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The symptoms for COVID-19 hit Larry Williams pretty fast. He got sweaty, disoriented. His blood pressure dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told me that they feared that I was going to have a heart attack or heart failure,” Williams said by phone from San Quentin State Prison, where he is incarcerated. “They thought I was going to crash.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams, who has underlying health conditions that put him at risk for dying from COVID-19, tested positive for the virus on June 11, a day after a correctional officer asked him to help move hundreds of boxes from the bottom floor of a prison unit to a higher tier. After taking a couple loads, he asked whose belongings they were moving. He said the officer shrugged and told him the property belonged to 121 inmates who had transferred there at the end of May from the California Institution for Men in Chino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five of those men subsequently tested positive for the virus, and were believed to be the source of what’s become the largest COVID-19 outbreak in a California prison, infecting more than 1,600 men incarcerated at San Quentin and killing seven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They need to provide a better facility that they can keep COVID-free, because right now, I’m one of the lucky ones.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most inmates at the prison in Marin County are being restricted to dorms or cells to prevent further spread of the virus, some routinely left those cells to provide essential work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorm porters like Williams clean group living spaces, including inmate’s toilets and showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most prison jobs pay between $.09 to $1.40 an hour, but Williams said he was not financially compensated for his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our pay was being able to come out [of our cells], stay out a little extra, being able to use the phone,” he said. “We moved the boxes because we were afraid of losing our privileges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828235\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ.jpg\" alt=\"Larry Williams, who is incarcerated at San Quentin and has underlying health conditions that put him at risk of dying from COVID-19, tested positive for the virus after a correctional officer asked him to help move hundreds of boxes that had belonged to infected inmates transferred from Chino.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1767\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-800x736.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-1020x939.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-160x147.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/Larry-Williams-caught-Covid-19-at-SQ-1536x1414.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larry Williams, who is incarcerated at San Quentin and has underlying health conditions that put him at risk of dying from COVID-19, tested positive for the virus after a correctional officer asked him to help move hundreds of boxes that had belonged to infected inmates transferred from Chino. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation spokeswoman Dana Simas responded to the allegations in a July 8 email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our top priority is the health and safety of all those who live and work in our state prisons, including the incarcerated population that fulfill critical work assignments,” Simas wrote. “We are taking every precaution possible to protect the critical worker population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those precautions include providing surgical masks during critical workers’ shifts, personal protective equipment if warranted and training on infection control, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an essential worker at San Quentin who cleaned the rooms of COVID-19 patients recently told a filmmaker such protections were not in place for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The worker] told me that his initial COVID training didn’t require them to use masks when they were cleaning areas where people who had been infected had been,” said Adamu Chan on a phone call from San Quentin last week. “Some of his coworkers had become infected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan, who makes films about life at the prison through the nonprofit program \u003ca href=\"https://restorecal.org/firstwatch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">First Watch\u003c/a>, recently interviewed a member of a team that cleaned COVID-19 treatment rooms. That worker said he felt the team had been coerced into going into dangerous sections of the prison without proper protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of his coworkers had just stopped going to work because they didn’t feel like it was safe,” Chan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Prison Industry Authority (CALPIA), a civilian-led program inside California prisons that employed more than 7,000 inmates statewide in 2019, confirmed that some of their workers at San Quentin clean medical treatment rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Though these workers have been deemed ‘critical,’ none are being forced to report to work,” said spokeswoman Stephanie Eres in a July 8 email, which also laid out precautions the program is taking to protect inmates, including providing them with masks, protective eyewear and hand sanitizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the type of work assignment, CALPIA said they provided additional protection through Tyvek suits or smocks and N95 masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The program directors also encouraged physical distance, Eres wrote, and when working in areas where that was not possible, “CALPIA has utilized barriers between each work area or has reorganized areas to ensure staff and offenders can maintain the six-feet-apart distancing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eres said CALPIA closed programs at San Quentin on June 22 and has shut down 43 other programs at various prisons throughout the state due to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827142/lawmakers-want-stronger-covid-19-protections-in-california-prisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> on allegations that incarcerated workers at the California Institution for Women in Riverside also contracted the virus while working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At San Quentin, Larry Williams has nearly recovered from COVID-19, and continues to speak out about conditions in the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom said Wednesday that the state aims to release thousands of inmates with lower-level offenses soon from San Quentin and other state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams, a father of four who is serving time in San Quentin for a parole violation, hopes to be one of them. He has nearly recovered from COVID-19, but thinks more should be done to control the outbreak at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People like me that have underlying health conditions, we should be looked at and possibly allowed to go home on an ankle monitor,” he said. “Or they need to provide a better facility that they can keep us COVID-free, because right now, I’m one of the lucky ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-same-tensions-around-contact-tracing-during-the-aids-era-are-resurfacing-with-covid-19",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 1968, John Potterat finished his tour of duty in Vietnam and came home to Los Angeles. He started working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on its syphilis eradication campaign in what became a 40-year career as a contact tracer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a given day, I would be in the clinic for two, three hours. I would interview one or two people, and then I would go out in the field and drive around and locate the people that had been named,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking down sexual contacts in the “free love” era required private eye skills. A lot of people infected with a sexually transmitted disease didn’t know the names of the people they slept with. Maybe they remember a lover who works in a deli, but they don’t remember the name of the deli either. They only remember that it’s on South Broadway, and it’s the only deli in the neighborhood that doesn’t serve breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Potterat drives up and down Broadway until he finds it. Then he writes a note for the employee — without a name, he addresses it with defining features, for example, the guy with a thick brown mustache and scorpion tattoo on his bicep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A day later, the person calls,” Potterat said. “He was located, and he was tested. Turned out that he was positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ’70s, when gonorrhea took center stage, Potterat moved on to a new contact tracing job in Colorado. He sat at his desk in his paisley shirt, clashing paisley tie and \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=nigel+tufnel+haircut&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=OMAqOACsHQAOVM%252CRCxqk4VPrFoGqM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRQ6TZ3UuNpqKaOiIvnniPYwFptEA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiExp20777qAhXkna0KHesqC58Q9QEwAnoECAcQBw&biw=1431&bih=744#imgrc=OMAqOACsHQAOVM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nigel Tufnel\u003c/a> shag haircut, working the phones. Then at night, he tracked people down at the biker bars and gay bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would spend time there — it’s sort of a see and be seen type of approach, and we gained their trust through the ’70s,” he says. “But everything changed with AIDS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new virus with no name arrived in the ’80s. And, unlike syphilis or gonorrhea, it wouldn’t go away with a round of antibiotics. There was no test for AIDS, there was no treatment and it was 100% fatal. Health departments felt helpless, Potterat said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact tracers were in a \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moral quandary\u003c/a>. Many felt it was unethical to tell someone they might have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What did we have to offer these people? We didn’t even have hope,” Potterat remembered. “And these were young people. How do you tell a 23-year-old you might have two years to live? And here I am working for a medical clinic, and there’s not a damn thing I can do about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of years later, Potterat concluded that was a mistake. They could have at least met with people to educate them about the virus and counsel them on how to stop spreading it further. Eventually, Potterat’s team \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12083437/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">traced HIV infections\u003c/a> back to the origin of the epidemic in Colorado Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that, had we had the courage and the conviction to go visit these people, we could have saved several people, a dozen, 20,” he said “So on some level, I failed. I made up for it later, but failure is failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828042\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing.png 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-800x498.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-1020x635.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-160x100.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-1536x956.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-1920x1195.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic of the HIV network derived from contact tracing in Colorado in the late 1980s through the 1990s. \u003ccite>(From study: Risk network structure in the early epidemic phase of HIV transmission in Colorado Springs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gay Community Resists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gay community in San Francisco did not share Potterat’s enthusiasm for contact tracing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when a test was developed in the mid ’80s, and even when the first antiretrovirals came out, gay advocates in San Francisco were opposed to contact tracing. They were afraid of what would happen if local governments collected a list of gay men that could then be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Coronavirus coverage\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we create public health measures, which are doomed to scare people into avoiding public health departments, nobody gains, and the epidemic spreads,” said gay rights lawyer, Ben Schatz, during a 1987 televised debate on KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warned what would come from naming names: lost jobs and lost housing. He and other advocates said public education was the way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to be able to protect themselves,” he said. “If they think that the state is going to swoop in and say your sexual partner has AIDS, then they’re just going to continue burying their heads in the sand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some epidemiologists thought the money needed for contact tracing would be better spent on other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of my thinking about contact tracing back in those days was, ‘well, what exactly is it supposed to add?’ We’ve already told every single gay man they’re at high-risk, and they should get tested,” said UCSF doctor George Rutherford, who led the CDC’s AIDS response in San Francisco at the time. “At the time, the answer was, ‘Nothing,'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In smaller places, like Colorado where Potterat worked, they could contact trace and map disease networks. But in San Francisco, where a third of the population was infected, Rutherford says, it wasn’t \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/372541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cost-effective\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, with much better drugs, it’s become part of a standard operating procedure for any AIDS control program,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new generation of tracers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterans like Rutherford are relying on lessons learned in the ’80s AIDS era to build the state’s new corps of the coronavirus contact tracers. Gov. Gavin Newsom has made contact tracing one of his key pillars for combatting the pandemic, and he’s tapped experts at UCSF to help train \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821528/in-search-of-20000-covid-19-contact-tracers-california-taps-local-librarians-tax-assessors-city-legal-staff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">20,000 new contact tracers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11828027\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/me-contact-tracing--800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Fagundes is one of 20,000 new contact tracers trained to help contain the coronavirus. \u003ccite>(Jasmin Serim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of them is Lisa Fagundes, a librarian at the San Francisco Public Library, who began training in March when she was furloughed from her job on the first floor of the main library. She’s since been promoted to be a team lead, guiding other contact tracers as they place calls to people who have been exposed to someone who tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of contacts today, like 20 pages of contacts,” she said after a recent shift. “It’s just getting crazy busy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While people were generally receptive to their calls in the early months of the pandemic, privacy concerns have been mounting just as they did with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re starting to encounter more of the segment of the population that doesn’t trust this whole system, that doesn’t trust the department of public health in general,” Fagundes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Lisa Fagundes, a contact tracer in San Francisco\"]‘We’re starting to encounter more of the segment of the population that doesn’t trust this whole system, that doesn’t trust the department of public health in general.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s Latino immigrant communities and communities of color who are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 — they are more likely to contract the virus and more likely to die from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the mistrust and fears of discrimination are the same as they were for the gay community in the ’80s: lost jobs, lost housing, and now, getting deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here, because a lot of people may or may not be documented,” Rutherford said. “People are hesitant, much like gay men were hesitant to get on a list of gay men.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes the work very difficult, Fagundes said, “because they’re a lot more curt and resistant, or suspicious or scared and upset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overcoming Mistrust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local state and county public health departments are leaning on lessons learned in the ’80s to overcome the mistrust. They are running social media campaigns to demystify contact tracing and remind people the U.S. has been doing this for decades to contain all sorts of outbreaks, like STDs, measles, tuberculosis and food poisoning. They are building bridges with the affected populations by partnering with community groups that already have trusted relationships with them. And they are emphasizing hiring contact tracers who are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822532/diversity-among-disease-detectives-key-to-containing-the-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bilingual and bicultural\u003c/a> to ease communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to truly win the public’s buy-in for contact tracing, veterans say the local health departments need back up from the federal government — they need a leader with a unifying message: us against the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president today, just like the president in the ’80s, is doing the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“COVID or HIV, pretending that it wasn’t there, or that it would go away,” Potterat said. “And if it doesn’t go away, ‘Well, it’s not affecting people that are really, really very important.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"John Potterat, contact tracer for 40 years\"]‘COVID or HIV, pretending that it wasn’t there, or that it would go away.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan refused to reference AIDS in public for the first several years of the epidemic, alienating the gay community that was most impacted by the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump refuses to wear a mask in public, repeatedly contradicts his top scientific advisors and routinely makes remarks that alienate the communities of color most impacted by the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We paid the price then for a president who wouldn’t utter the word,” said David Harvey, executive director of the National Coalition of STD Directors, referring to the illness and deaths that could have been prevented. “This is where we have history repeating itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a sustained national education campaign, without a unified national message and without leaders who model the behavior that curbs transmission of the virus, he said, the pandemic will spread, and more people will die.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1968, John Potterat finished his tour of duty in Vietnam and came home to Los Angeles. He started working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on its syphilis eradication campaign in what became a 40-year career as a contact tracer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a given day, I would be in the clinic for two, three hours. I would interview one or two people, and then I would go out in the field and drive around and locate the people that had been named,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking down sexual contacts in the “free love” era required private eye skills. A lot of people infected with a sexually transmitted disease didn’t know the names of the people they slept with. Maybe they remember a lover who works in a deli, but they don’t remember the name of the deli either. They only remember that it’s on South Broadway, and it’s the only deli in the neighborhood that doesn’t serve breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Potterat drives up and down Broadway until he finds it. Then he writes a note for the employee — without a name, he addresses it with defining features, for example, the guy with a thick brown mustache and scorpion tattoo on his bicep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A day later, the person calls,” Potterat said. “He was located, and he was tested. Turned out that he was positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ’70s, when gonorrhea took center stage, Potterat moved on to a new contact tracing job in Colorado. He sat at his desk in his paisley shirt, clashing paisley tie and \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=nigel+tufnel+haircut&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=OMAqOACsHQAOVM%252CRCxqk4VPrFoGqM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kRQ6TZ3UuNpqKaOiIvnniPYwFptEA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiExp20777qAhXkna0KHesqC58Q9QEwAnoECAcQBw&biw=1431&bih=744#imgrc=OMAqOACsHQAOVM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nigel Tufnel\u003c/a> shag haircut, working the phones. Then at night, he tracked people down at the biker bars and gay bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would spend time there — it’s sort of a see and be seen type of approach, and we gained their trust through the ’70s,” he says. “But everything changed with AIDS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new virus with no name arrived in the ’80s. And, unlike syphilis or gonorrhea, it wouldn’t go away with a round of antibiotics. There was no test for AIDS, there was no treatment and it was 100% fatal. Health departments felt helpless, Potterat said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact tracers were in a \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.82.8.1158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">moral quandary\u003c/a>. Many felt it was unethical to tell someone they might have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What did we have to offer these people? We didn’t even have hope,” Potterat remembered. “And these were young people. How do you tell a 23-year-old you might have two years to live? And here I am working for a medical clinic, and there’s not a damn thing I can do about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of years later, Potterat concluded that was a mistake. They could have at least met with people to educate them about the virus and counsel them on how to stop spreading it further. Eventually, Potterat’s team \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12083437/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">traced HIV infections\u003c/a> back to the origin of the epidemic in Colorado Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that, had we had the courage and the conviction to go visit these people, we could have saved several people, a dozen, 20,” he said “So on some level, I failed. I made up for it later, but failure is failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828042\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11828042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing.png 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-800x498.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-1020x635.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-160x100.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-1536x956.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/ContactTracing-1920x1195.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic of the HIV network derived from contact tracing in Colorado in the late 1980s through the 1990s. \u003ccite>(From study: Risk network structure in the early epidemic phase of HIV transmission in Colorado Springs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Gay Community Resists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gay community in San Francisco did not share Potterat’s enthusiasm for contact tracing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when a test was developed in the mid ’80s, and even when the first antiretrovirals came out, gay advocates in San Francisco were opposed to contact tracing. They were afraid of what would happen if local governments collected a list of gay men that could then be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we create public health measures, which are doomed to scare people into avoiding public health departments, nobody gains, and the epidemic spreads,” said gay rights lawyer, Ben Schatz, during a 1987 televised debate on KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warned what would come from naming names: lost jobs and lost housing. He and other advocates said public education was the way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to be able to protect themselves,” he said. “If they think that the state is going to swoop in and say your sexual partner has AIDS, then they’re just going to continue burying their heads in the sand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some epidemiologists thought the money needed for contact tracing would be better spent on other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of my thinking about contact tracing back in those days was, ‘well, what exactly is it supposed to add?’ We’ve already told every single gay man they’re at high-risk, and they should get tested,” said UCSF doctor George Rutherford, who led the CDC’s AIDS response in San Francisco at the time. “At the time, the answer was, ‘Nothing,'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In smaller places, like Colorado where Potterat worked, they could contact trace and map disease networks. But in San Francisco, where a third of the population was infected, Rutherford says, it wasn’t \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/372541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cost-effective\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, with much better drugs, it’s become part of a standard operating procedure for any AIDS control program,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A new generation of tracers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veterans like Rutherford are relying on lessons learned in the ’80s AIDS era to build the state’s new corps of the coronavirus contact tracers. Gov. Gavin Newsom has made contact tracing one of his key pillars for combatting the pandemic, and he’s tapped experts at UCSF to help train \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821528/in-search-of-20000-covid-19-contact-tracers-california-taps-local-librarians-tax-assessors-city-legal-staff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">20,000 new contact tracers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11828027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11828027\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/me-contact-tracing--800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Fagundes is one of 20,000 new contact tracers trained to help contain the coronavirus. \u003ccite>(Jasmin Serim)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of them is Lisa Fagundes, a librarian at the San Francisco Public Library, who began training in March when she was furloughed from her job on the first floor of the main library. She’s since been promoted to be a team lead, guiding other contact tracers as they place calls to people who have been exposed to someone who tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of contacts today, like 20 pages of contacts,” she said after a recent shift. “It’s just getting crazy busy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While people were generally receptive to their calls in the early months of the pandemic, privacy concerns have been mounting just as they did with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re starting to encounter more of the segment of the population that doesn’t trust this whole system, that doesn’t trust the department of public health in general,” Fagundes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s Latino immigrant communities and communities of color who are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 — they are more likely to contract the virus and more likely to die from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the mistrust and fears of discrimination are the same as they were for the gay community in the ’80s: lost jobs, lost housing, and now, getting deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here, because a lot of people may or may not be documented,” Rutherford said. “People are hesitant, much like gay men were hesitant to get on a list of gay men.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes the work very difficult, Fagundes said, “because they’re a lot more curt and resistant, or suspicious or scared and upset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overcoming Mistrust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local state and county public health departments are leaning on lessons learned in the ’80s to overcome the mistrust. They are running social media campaigns to demystify contact tracing and remind people the U.S. has been doing this for decades to contain all sorts of outbreaks, like STDs, measles, tuberculosis and food poisoning. They are building bridges with the affected populations by partnering with community groups that already have trusted relationships with them. And they are emphasizing hiring contact tracers who are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11822532/diversity-among-disease-detectives-key-to-containing-the-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bilingual and bicultural\u003c/a> to ease communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to truly win the public’s buy-in for contact tracing, veterans say the local health departments need back up from the federal government — they need a leader with a unifying message: us against the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president today, just like the president in the ’80s, is doing the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“COVID or HIV, pretending that it wasn’t there, or that it would go away,” Potterat said. “And if it doesn’t go away, ‘Well, it’s not affecting people that are really, really very important.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan refused to reference AIDS in public for the first several years of the epidemic, alienating the gay community that was most impacted by the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump refuses to wear a mask in public, repeatedly contradicts his top scientific advisors and routinely makes remarks that alienate the communities of color most impacted by the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We paid the price then for a president who wouldn’t utter the word,” said David Harvey, executive director of the National Coalition of STD Directors, referring to the illness and deaths that could have been prevented. “This is where we have history repeating itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a sustained national education campaign, without a unified national message and without leaders who model the behavior that curbs transmission of the virus, he said, the pandemic will spread, and more people will die.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Basim Ali graduated at the top of his medical school class in Pakistan and landed a residency at a renowned teaching hospital in Texas, where he’ll be on the front lines of one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s obviously some degree of anxiety about what that’s going to be like,” Ali said by phone from Karachi before coming here. “But there’s also this understanding that this is what we signed up for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 4,000 foreign-born doctors officially begin their residencies at hospitals across the United States on July 1. They’ll confront two historic challenges: the COVID-19 pandemic and some of the most restrictive immigration policies this nation has seen in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has blamed foreigners for the virus, and closed the borders to all kinds of immigrants. President Trump has referred to coronavirus as “foreign” and called it “kung flu” at his rallies. And last week, his administration suspended green cards and visas for many foreign guest workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, of course, it might be disheartening for some to hear statements like that — that they’re not welcome,” Ali said. “But right now as far as I’m concerned, they do not affect me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, new Trump administration restrictions on immigration do not affect Ali and other incoming residents. The administration exempted health care workers from the new restrictions announced last week — as long as they’re needed for the coronavirus response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says it’s trying to put American workers first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time of double-digit unemployment, the president is seeking to ensure that Americans aren’t facing what domestically feels like unfair competition,” said Ken Cuccinelli, a top immigration official at the Department of Homeland Security, during a call with reporters this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to health care, the U.S. depends on foreign labor. Almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigrant-health-care-workers-united-states\">30% of doctors are immigrants\u003c/a>. It’s been a symbiotic relationship: doctors come here to get top-notch training, and U.S. hospitals get access to the brightest minds in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teaching programs want to have the best people. … because they know that the public deserves having the best people caring for them,” said Dr. William Pinsky, the head of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.ecfmg.org/\"> Educational Commission For Foreign Medical Graduates\u003c/a>, which helps vet foreign doctors for residencies in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky’s group also helps foreign doctors navigate the U.S. immigration system. That’s been even harder than usual this year, because the coronavirus disrupted most visa processing at U.S. consulates and embassies overseas. Pinsky credits the State Department for ensuring that most of these international doctors were still able to get to the U.S. in time to start their residencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand the importance of having these international physicians come here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic shuttered immigration offices inside the U.S as well, creating enormous challenges for international doctors already working here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The uncertainty has been really stressful the last couple of months,” said Dr. Chandana Kamireddy, a native of India who was living in Ohio with her husband and their 20 month old child when the pandemic hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually on the front line taking care of COVID patients as an attending physician at my hospital where I was working,” Kamireddy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamireddy was supposed to move to Tennessee to start a fellowship in oncology this month. In order to change jobs, Kamireddy needed to get a different visa. But the offices U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which would typically handle visa changes, were closed to the public. And time was running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Kamireddy heard from other foreign doctors on Facebook that the U.S. consulate in Mexico was open for visa interviews. So she got on a plane to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not here as a tourist,” she said in an interview from her hotel room in Mexico City. “I’m just taking a chance right now, like traveling outside of the country and then trying to get my visa as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamireddy did get her visa. A few days later, the White House announced its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/20/881245867/trump-expected-to-suspend-h-1b-other-visas-until-end-of-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new proclamation limiting foreign guests workers and immigrants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That proclamation exempted the visa program used by doctors coming here for residency training. But immigration lawyers say it’s unclear if international specialists and doctors who have completed their training will be able to get H-1B visas under the new restrictions unless they are treating patients with COVID, or are involved in research on the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s it’s like to be treating American patients at a time when the Trump administration is doubling down on its immigration crackdown?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamireddy said it was difficult for her family – and the hospital in Tennessee, where she’s starting her fellowship today. “It was stressful for them as well, because they didn’t know if I was going to be starting on time or not,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his new home in Texas, Ali also said he doesn’t believe that the president speaks for all Americans. Ali says his hospital is glad to have him, and he’s eager to get to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do still have a lot of hope,” Ali said, “because the view of one person does not, at least for me, color the view of the people that I get to meet and interact with everyday, like the patients and my co-workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=International+Doctors+Start+Residencies+At+U.S.+Hospitals+Amid+COVID-19+Surge&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Basim Ali graduated at the top of his medical school class in Pakistan and landed a residency at a renowned teaching hospital in Texas, where he’ll be on the front lines of one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s obviously some degree of anxiety about what that’s going to be like,” Ali said by phone from Karachi before coming here. “But there’s also this understanding that this is what we signed up for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 4,000 foreign-born doctors officially begin their residencies at hospitals across the United States on July 1. They’ll confront two historic challenges: the COVID-19 pandemic and some of the most restrictive immigration policies this nation has seen in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has blamed foreigners for the virus, and closed the borders to all kinds of immigrants. President Trump has referred to coronavirus as “foreign” and called it “kung flu” at his rallies. And last week, his administration suspended green cards and visas for many foreign guest workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, of course, it might be disheartening for some to hear statements like that — that they’re not welcome,” Ali said. “But right now as far as I’m concerned, they do not affect me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, new Trump administration restrictions on immigration do not affect Ali and other incoming residents. The administration exempted health care workers from the new restrictions announced last week — as long as they’re needed for the coronavirus response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says it’s trying to put American workers first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time of double-digit unemployment, the president is seeking to ensure that Americans aren’t facing what domestically feels like unfair competition,” said Ken Cuccinelli, a top immigration official at the Department of Homeland Security, during a call with reporters this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it comes to health care, the U.S. depends on foreign labor. Almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigrant-health-care-workers-united-states\">30% of doctors are immigrants\u003c/a>. It’s been a symbiotic relationship: doctors come here to get top-notch training, and U.S. hospitals get access to the brightest minds in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teaching programs want to have the best people. … because they know that the public deserves having the best people caring for them,” said Dr. William Pinsky, the head of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.ecfmg.org/\"> Educational Commission For Foreign Medical Graduates\u003c/a>, which helps vet foreign doctors for residencies in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinsky’s group also helps foreign doctors navigate the U.S. immigration system. That’s been even harder than usual this year, because the coronavirus disrupted most visa processing at U.S. consulates and embassies overseas. Pinsky credits the State Department for ensuring that most of these international doctors were still able to get to the U.S. in time to start their residencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They understand the importance of having these international physicians come here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic shuttered immigration offices inside the U.S as well, creating enormous challenges for international doctors already working here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The uncertainty has been really stressful the last couple of months,” said Dr. Chandana Kamireddy, a native of India who was living in Ohio with her husband and their 20 month old child when the pandemic hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was actually on the front line taking care of COVID patients as an attending physician at my hospital where I was working,” Kamireddy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamireddy was supposed to move to Tennessee to start a fellowship in oncology this month. In order to change jobs, Kamireddy needed to get a different visa. But the offices U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which would typically handle visa changes, were closed to the public. And time was running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Kamireddy heard from other foreign doctors on Facebook that the U.S. consulate in Mexico was open for visa interviews. So she got on a plane to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not here as a tourist,” she said in an interview from her hotel room in Mexico City. “I’m just taking a chance right now, like traveling outside of the country and then trying to get my visa as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamireddy did get her visa. A few days later, the White House announced its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/20/881245867/trump-expected-to-suspend-h-1b-other-visas-until-end-of-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new proclamation limiting foreign guests workers and immigrants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That proclamation exempted the visa program used by doctors coming here for residency training. But immigration lawyers say it’s unclear if international specialists and doctors who have completed their training will be able to get H-1B visas under the new restrictions unless they are treating patients with COVID, or are involved in research on the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s it’s like to be treating American patients at a time when the Trump administration is doubling down on its immigration crackdown?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kamireddy said it was difficult for her family – and the hospital in Tennessee, where she’s starting her fellowship today. “It was stressful for them as well, because they didn’t know if I was going to be starting on time or not,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From his new home in Texas, Ali also said he doesn’t believe that the president speaks for all Americans. Ali says his hospital is glad to have him, and he’s eager to get to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do still have a lot of hope,” Ali said, “because the view of one person does not, at least for me, color the view of the people that I get to meet and interact with everyday, like the patients and my co-workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=International+Doctors+Start+Residencies+At+U.S.+Hospitals+Amid+COVID-19+Surge&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wanting to get together with friends and family to celebrate this holiday weekend but nervous about the coronavirus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With new infections climbing in most states, infectious disease experts discourage group get-togethers, especially one that involves drinking. Bottom line: Watch out for parties or bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These settings tend to lead to a breakdown of the very behaviors that help prevent new infections. It’s a dangerous mix: socializing in large groups, sometimes in tight spaces and drinking, which lowers inhibitions and makes it less likely they’ll follow pandemic precautions like wearing masks and practicing good hygiene. Plus party-goers end up talking loudly, which only increases the chance of spraying virus-laden particles on other guests, especially indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to wear a mask in a bar. It’s hard to stay six feet apart. It’s hard to constantly wash your hands and not touch surfaces other people have touched,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/thomas-tsai/\">Dr. Thomas Tsai\u003c/a>, a professor at Harvard University’s T. H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you or those you live with are high risk, or you live in a place with a lot of community spread right now (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/07/01/885263658/green-yellow-orange-or-red-this-new-tool-shows-covid-19-risk-in-your-county\">look up your state or county here\u003c/a>), it’s probably best to sit out any situation where you will be drinking in a group. If you are planning to go out — or to host a shindig — read on for advice to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how serious the risks of large alcohol-based gatherings are, consider \u003ca href=\"http://hd.ingham.org/About/ArticlesPublications/tabid/3378/ctl/ArticleView/mid/4286/articleId/9051/Ingham-County-reduces-restaurant-capacity-as-outbreak-linked-to-local-bar-grows.aspx\">the case of Harper’s Restaurant and Brewpub in East Lansing,\u003c/a> Mich. This popular college student hangout spot was linked to more than 150 coronavirus cases from exposure between June 12 and 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ingham County Health Officer Linda Vail says she was first tipped off to the outbreak when two people who had gone to the pub on different days tested positive. When her staff showed up to inspect the bar, it appeared that public health guidance was being followed. The tables were six feet apart. The staff were wearing masks. But Vail says social media told a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were pictures of giant crowded lines outside and videos of indoors where people were standing up packed together, out on the dance floor,” Vail says. “It tends to be a place where people just get up and walk around, crowd together, dance, all those sorts of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility soon shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/19/880912184/younger-adults-are-increasingly-testing-positive-for-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stories\u003c/a> are popping up all over the country. Recently, states like Arizona, Texas and Florida have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/06/29/885067257/arizona-issues-new-shutdown-order-as-coronavirus-cases-spike\">shut\u003c/a> down bars, clubs and other venues out of concern they were contributing to a surge in cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsai and his colleagues have \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studied\u003c/a> the effect of lock down restrictions in different states using Google mobility data. One of their conclusions was that “limits on bars and restaurants appeared to be the single most effective social distancing order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people want to socialize, especially on a long summer weekend. While there are no guarantees, public health experts say there are some general principles and specific precautions that can guide any group gathering. Think of each measure as one more layer of protection that can minimize your risk of catching the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Stay outside, but don’t let that make you cavalier\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, a backyard barbecue is much better than a crowded indoor party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outside activities, you are definitely safer than inside activities,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.astho.org/About/Executive-Committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Nate Smith\u003c/a>, president of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. “There are a lot of things that can be done outdoors safely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows the chance of catching the virus \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission\">goes down\u003c/a> significantly when you’re outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get better dilution with air movement in the outdoors. Sunlight is a good inactivator of the virus,” says \u003ca href=\"https://deohs.washington.edu/faculty/scott-meschke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scott Meschke\u003c/a>, a professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that still doesn’t mean you should forego precautions like wearing masks and social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people are outdoors and congregating together, without masks right next to each other, shoulder to shoulder, then they are still at risk,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.health.pa.gov/About/Pages/Leadership.aspx\">Dr. Rachel Levine\u003c/a>, Pennsylvania’s health secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Monitor your personal air space\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Speaking generates a cloud of tiny particles that can reach another person if you are near each other, especially if someone isn’t wearing a mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re close together, you’re inhaling a very concentrated cloud. And in that situation, I think you’re getting a pretty significant dose in your respiratory system,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdx.edu/omc/news/richard-l-corsi-named-new-dean-psu%E2%80%99s-maseeh-college-engineering-and-computer-science\">Dr. Richard Corsi\u003c/a>, Dean of Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science at Portland State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t yet understand what “dose” of the virus leads to someone becoming infected and then developing COVID-19. That depends on a variety of factors like the amount of time you spend in a space with the virus, the concentration of infectious virus in the air and how heavily you are breathing, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the most prudent thing to do at this point is just lower your dose as much as possible,” says Corsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Indoors? Pay attention to ventilation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Indoor gatherings pose a higher risk because it’s generally harder to avoid close interactions, and there isn’t as much air flow, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spaces without good ventilation can have tiny aerosolized particles hanging in the room and possibly infecting people. Corsi says it’s not yet clear exactly how much of a role this plays in spreading infection, but there’s growing evidence it can be significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does all this mean for hanging out inside?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corsi says the best approach is to “make the indoor environment more like the outdoor environment where we know the transmission is much lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means keeping the room well ventilated and regularly refilled with an outdoor supply of air. If nothing else, open the windows and turn on fans. Avoid places that are poorly ventilated where the air seems stagnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, of course, always wear your mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Think small and exclusive\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, the best kind of party to host or to attend is for VIPs only. “Keep the occupancy numbers low enough so people are not on top of each other,” says Meschke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meschke advises limiting gatherings to close contacts who you know are being careful, and focus on what you can personally control, like maintaining distance from others and minimizing your time in confined spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people are drinking, people are going to lose track of things,” says Meschke. Important things, like getting way too up close and personal, talking too loud, neglecting a mask or touching your face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not a good moment to expand your social bubble or let your guard down. “There is no threshold here,” says Meschke. “Right place. Right time. Right host. And you can get infected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How do you wear a mask while drinking?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Experts (and common sense) agree: It’s difficult to wear a mask while you’re drinking and eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, you’ll have to pull your mask down,” says Dr. Rachel Levine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine says do your best to leave room around yourself while you’re consuming your beverages or barbeque. Then mask up, again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people are not actively eating and drinking, make sure they’re wearing their masks and that there is social distancing as much as possible,” Levine says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Keep the noise down\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even outdoors, try to avoid situations where people are shouting. If you’re the host, keep any music low, to limit the need for people to shout over background noise. Shouting or even talking loudly at close range can lead to more droplets being expelled. And no sing-alongs or karaoke. Singing can be a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm\">particularly potent way\u003c/a> of spreading small droplets that contain the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re at a gathering where the noise levels are rising and you start to notice people shouting, it’s probably time to call it a night.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Have plenty of alcohol — for your hands\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you’re hosting, stock up on the sanitizer, suggests Meschke. “Make handwashing or hand scrubs readily available, keep squirt bottles on every table,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re going out, put a mini-bottle in your purse and use it often, whenever you touch shared surfaces, and especially after using the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>BYO-Everything\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This is not the year to have a gorgeous spread of finger food for your guests. “I would urge people to not share food or drinks with others outside of your household,” said infectious disease specialist \u003ca href=\"https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/profile/joshua-barocas/\">Dr. Joshua Barocas\u003c/a>, at a recent briefing by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This includes food, utensils, bottles of rum, pitchers of punch, you name it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So bring your own goodies, or eat before you go. And beyond that, come stocked with your own sunscreen, bug spray and wipes and drinking water. “Avoid sharing items. Anything that you can do to limit your physical interactions with others will help reduce the spread,” says Barocas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Bathrooms beware \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Be particularly careful of bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, people tend to crowd outside while waiting for their turn. Once inside, take caution not to touch lots of surfaces, which would have been contaminated. Always wash hands carefully when you’re finished. If you can, don’t hang out too long in the bathroom. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/06/19/880933513/coronavirus-faqs-home-repair-guidelines-toilet-plumes-manicures-and-self-sprayin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New research shows\u003c/a> that flushing a toilet can release lingering clouds of coronavirus particles found in fecal matter into the air. It’s unclear whether you can actually get infected this way. Wear a mask, just to be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Planning+To+Celebrate+The+4th%3F+What+To+Know+About+The+Risks+Of+Parties+And+Bars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Alcohol makes people lose inhibitions. And maybe take off their masks, and get up close and personal. Here's why you may want to reconsider going out this weekend. Or how to stay safe if you do. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wanting to get together with friends and family to celebrate this holiday weekend but nervous about the coronavirus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With new infections climbing in most states, infectious disease experts discourage group get-togethers, especially one that involves drinking. Bottom line: Watch out for parties or bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These settings tend to lead to a breakdown of the very behaviors that help prevent new infections. It’s a dangerous mix: socializing in large groups, sometimes in tight spaces and drinking, which lowers inhibitions and makes it less likely they’ll follow pandemic precautions like wearing masks and practicing good hygiene. Plus party-goers end up talking loudly, which only increases the chance of spraying virus-laden particles on other guests, especially indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hard to wear a mask in a bar. It’s hard to stay six feet apart. It’s hard to constantly wash your hands and not touch surfaces other people have touched,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/thomas-tsai/\">Dr. Thomas Tsai\u003c/a>, a professor at Harvard University’s T. H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you or those you live with are high risk, or you live in a place with a lot of community spread right now (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/07/01/885263658/green-yellow-orange-or-red-this-new-tool-shows-covid-19-risk-in-your-county\">look up your state or county here\u003c/a>), it’s probably best to sit out any situation where you will be drinking in a group. If you are planning to go out — or to host a shindig — read on for advice to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how serious the risks of large alcohol-based gatherings are, consider \u003ca href=\"http://hd.ingham.org/About/ArticlesPublications/tabid/3378/ctl/ArticleView/mid/4286/articleId/9051/Ingham-County-reduces-restaurant-capacity-as-outbreak-linked-to-local-bar-grows.aspx\">the case of Harper’s Restaurant and Brewpub in East Lansing,\u003c/a> Mich. This popular college student hangout spot was linked to more than 150 coronavirus cases from exposure between June 12 and 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ingham County Health Officer Linda Vail says she was first tipped off to the outbreak when two people who had gone to the pub on different days tested positive. When her staff showed up to inspect the bar, it appeared that public health guidance was being followed. The tables were six feet apart. The staff were wearing masks. But Vail says social media told a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were pictures of giant crowded lines outside and videos of indoors where people were standing up packed together, out on the dance floor,” Vail says. “It tends to be a place where people just get up and walk around, crowd together, dance, all those sorts of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility soon shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/19/880912184/younger-adults-are-increasingly-testing-positive-for-coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stories\u003c/a> are popping up all over the country. Recently, states like Arizona, Texas and Florida have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/06/29/885067257/arizona-issues-new-shutdown-order-as-coronavirus-cases-spike\">shut\u003c/a> down bars, clubs and other venues out of concern they were contributing to a surge in cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsai and his colleagues have \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">studied\u003c/a> the effect of lock down restrictions in different states using Google mobility data. One of their conclusions was that “limits on bars and restaurants appeared to be the single most effective social distancing order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But people want to socialize, especially on a long summer weekend. While there are no guarantees, public health experts say there are some general principles and specific precautions that can guide any group gathering. Think of each measure as one more layer of protection that can minimize your risk of catching the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Stay outside, but don’t let that make you cavalier\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, a backyard barbecue is much better than a crowded indoor party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outside activities, you are definitely safer than inside activities,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.astho.org/About/Executive-Committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Nate Smith\u003c/a>, president of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. “There are a lot of things that can be done outdoors safely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows the chance of catching the virus \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/transmission\">goes down\u003c/a> significantly when you’re outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get better dilution with air movement in the outdoors. Sunlight is a good inactivator of the virus,” says \u003ca href=\"https://deohs.washington.edu/faculty/scott-meschke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Scott Meschke\u003c/a>, a professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that still doesn’t mean you should forego precautions like wearing masks and social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people are outdoors and congregating together, without masks right next to each other, shoulder to shoulder, then they are still at risk,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.health.pa.gov/About/Pages/Leadership.aspx\">Dr. Rachel Levine\u003c/a>, Pennsylvania’s health secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Monitor your personal air space\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Speaking generates a cloud of tiny particles that can reach another person if you are near each other, especially if someone isn’t wearing a mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re close together, you’re inhaling a very concentrated cloud. And in that situation, I think you’re getting a pretty significant dose in your respiratory system,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdx.edu/omc/news/richard-l-corsi-named-new-dean-psu%E2%80%99s-maseeh-college-engineering-and-computer-science\">Dr. Richard Corsi\u003c/a>, Dean of Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science at Portland State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t yet understand what “dose” of the virus leads to someone becoming infected and then developing COVID-19. That depends on a variety of factors like the amount of time you spend in a space with the virus, the concentration of infectious virus in the air and how heavily you are breathing, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the most prudent thing to do at this point is just lower your dose as much as possible,” says Corsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Indoors? Pay attention to ventilation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Indoor gatherings pose a higher risk because it’s generally harder to avoid close interactions, and there isn’t as much air flow, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spaces without good ventilation can have tiny aerosolized particles hanging in the room and possibly infecting people. Corsi says it’s not yet clear exactly how much of a role this plays in spreading infection, but there’s growing evidence it can be significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does all this mean for hanging out inside?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corsi says the best approach is to “make the indoor environment more like the outdoor environment where we know the transmission is much lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means keeping the room well ventilated and regularly refilled with an outdoor supply of air. If nothing else, open the windows and turn on fans. Avoid places that are poorly ventilated where the air seems stagnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, of course, always wear your mask.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Think small and exclusive\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, the best kind of party to host or to attend is for VIPs only. “Keep the occupancy numbers low enough so people are not on top of each other,” says Meschke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meschke advises limiting gatherings to close contacts who you know are being careful, and focus on what you can personally control, like maintaining distance from others and minimizing your time in confined spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people are drinking, people are going to lose track of things,” says Meschke. Important things, like getting way too up close and personal, talking too loud, neglecting a mask or touching your face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not a good moment to expand your social bubble or let your guard down. “There is no threshold here,” says Meschke. “Right place. Right time. Right host. And you can get infected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>How do you wear a mask while drinking?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Experts (and common sense) agree: It’s difficult to wear a mask while you’re drinking and eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, you’ll have to pull your mask down,” says Dr. Rachel Levine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine says do your best to leave room around yourself while you’re consuming your beverages or barbeque. Then mask up, again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people are not actively eating and drinking, make sure they’re wearing their masks and that there is social distancing as much as possible,” Levine says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Keep the noise down\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even outdoors, try to avoid situations where people are shouting. If you’re the host, keep any music low, to limit the need for people to shout over background noise. Shouting or even talking loudly at close range can lead to more droplets being expelled. And no sing-alongs or karaoke. Singing can be a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm\">particularly potent way\u003c/a> of spreading small droplets that contain the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re at a gathering where the noise levels are rising and you start to notice people shouting, it’s probably time to call it a night.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Have plenty of alcohol — for your hands\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you’re hosting, stock up on the sanitizer, suggests Meschke. “Make handwashing or hand scrubs readily available, keep squirt bottles on every table,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re going out, put a mini-bottle in your purse and use it often, whenever you touch shared surfaces, and especially after using the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>BYO-Everything\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This is not the year to have a gorgeous spread of finger food for your guests. “I would urge people to not share food or drinks with others outside of your household,” said infectious disease specialist \u003ca href=\"https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/profile/joshua-barocas/\">Dr. Joshua Barocas\u003c/a>, at a recent briefing by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This includes food, utensils, bottles of rum, pitchers of punch, you name it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So bring your own goodies, or eat before you go. And beyond that, come stocked with your own sunscreen, bug spray and wipes and drinking water. “Avoid sharing items. Anything that you can do to limit your physical interactions with others will help reduce the spread,” says Barocas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Bathrooms beware \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Be particularly careful of bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, people tend to crowd outside while waiting for their turn. Once inside, take caution not to touch lots of surfaces, which would have been contaminated. Always wash hands carefully when you’re finished. If you can, don’t hang out too long in the bathroom. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/06/19/880933513/coronavirus-faqs-home-repair-guidelines-toilet-plumes-manicures-and-self-sprayin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New research shows\u003c/a> that flushing a toilet can release lingering clouds of coronavirus particles found in fecal matter into the air. It’s unclear whether you can actually get infected this way. Wear a mask, just to be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Planning+To+Celebrate+The+4th%3F+What+To+Know+About+The+Risks+Of+Parties+And+Bars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In mid-March, Karla Monterroso flew home from a hiking trip in Zion National Park through the Las Vegas airport. Four days later she began to develop a bad, dry cough. Her lungs felt sticky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fevers that persisted for the next nine weeks grew so high — 100.4, 101.2, 101.7, 102.3 — that on the worst night, she was in the shower on all fours, ice cold water running down her back, willing her temperature to go down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That night I had written down in a journal, letters to everyone I’m close to, the things I wanted them to know in case I died,” she remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came a new batch of symptoms in the second month, headaches and shooting pains in her legs and abdomen that made her worry she could be at risk for the blood clots and strokes that other COVID-19 patients in their thirties were starting to report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Karla Monterroso']‘You spend so much of the process not believing yourself, and then to not be believed when you go in? It’s really hard to be questioned in that way.’[/pullquote]But still, she wasn’t sure if she should go to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As women of color, you get questioned a lot about your emotions and the truth of your physical state. You get called an exaggerator a lot throughout the course of your life,” said Monterroso, who is Latina. “So there was this weird, ‘I don’t want to go and use resources for nothing’ feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took four friends to convince her that she needed to call 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what happened in the emergency room at Alameda Hospital only confirmed her worst fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disrespect and abuse she experienced at the hands of medical professionals confirmed for her that the reason people of color are being disproportionately impacted by the coronavirus is not just because they’re more likely to have front-line jobs that expose them to it and the underlying conditions that make COVID-19 worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is certainly part of it, but the other part is the lack of value people see in our lives,” Monterroso wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/karlitaliliana/status/1260761818558984195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a Twitter thread\u003c/a> detailing her experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/karlitaliliana/status/1260761818558984195\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">doctors’ unconscious bias\u003c/a> affects the care people receive, with Latino and Black patients being less likely to receive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448154/#r3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pain medications\u003c/a> or get referred for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199902253400806#t=articleResults\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">advanced care\u003c/a> than white patients with the same complaints or symptoms, and more likely to die in childbirth from preventable complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At nearly every turn during her emergency room visit, Monterroso said providers dismissed her symptoms and concerns. Her low blood pressure? That’s a false reading. Her cycling oxygen levels? The machine’s wrong. The shooting pains in her leg? Probably just a cyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The doctor came in and said, ‘I don’t think that much is happening here. I think we can send you home,’” Monterroso recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was feeling woozy and having trouble communicating, so she had a friend and her friend’s cousin, a cardiac nurse, on the phone to help. They started asking questions: What about Karla’s accelerated heart rate? Her low oxygen levels? Her lips are blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor walked out of the room. He refused to care for Monterroso while her friends were on the phone, she said, and when he came back, the only thing he wanted to talk about was Monterroso’s tone and her friends’ tone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The implication was that we were insubordinate,” Monterroso says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told the doctor she didn’t want to talk about her tone. She wanted to talk about her health care. She was worried about possible blood clots in her leg and she asked for a CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, you know, the CT scan is radiation right next to your breast tissue. Do you want to get breast cancer?” Monterroso recalls the doctor saying to her. “I only feel comfortable giving you that test if you say that you’re fine getting breast cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterroso thought to herself, “Swallow it up, Karla. You need to be well.” And so she said to the doctor: “I’m fine getting breast cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He never ordered the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11826930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11826930\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Black-Health-Matters-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vehicle parked in Oakland during the first weeks of the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests \u003ccite>(Courtesy of April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Monterroso asked for a different doctor, for a hospital advocate. No and no, she was told. She began to worry for her safety, for her life. She wanted to get out of there. Her friends, all calling every medical professional they knew to confirm that this treatment was not right, came to pick her up and drove her to UCSF. The team there gave her an EKG, a chest x-ray and a CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the nurses came in and she was like, ‘I heard about your ordeal. I just want you to know that I believe you. And we are not going let you go until we know that you are safe to go,’” Monterroso said. “And I started bawling. Because that’s all you want, is to be believed. You spend so much of the process not believing yourself, and then to not be believed when you go in? It’s really hard to be questioned in that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda Health System did not respond to multiple requests for comment. Monterroso filed a grievance with the hospital and they invited her to come talk to their staff and residents, but she declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes her experience is an example of why people of color are faring so badly in the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when we go and seek care, if we are advocating for ourselves, we can be treated as insubordinate,” she says. “And if we are not advocating for ourselves, we can be treated as invisible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Unconscious Bias in Health Care\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Experts say this happens routinely, and regardless of the doctor’s intentions or race. Monterroso’s doctor was not white, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that every doctor, every human being, has biases they’re not aware of, says Dr. Rene Salazar, assistant dean for diversity at the University of Texas at Austin medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"more coronavirus coverage\"]“Do I question a white man in a suit who’s coming in looking like he’s a professional when he asks for pain meds versus a black man?” Salazar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unconscious bias most often surfaces in high stress environments, like emergency rooms — where doctors are under tremendous pressure and have to make quick, high stakes decisions. Add in a deadly new virus, where the science is changing by the day, and things can spiral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so much uncertainty,” he says. “When there is this uncertainty, there always is a level of opportunity for bias to make its way in and have an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar used to teach at UCSF where he helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">develop unconscious bias training\u003c/a> for medical and pharmacy students. While dozens of medical schools are following suit, he says it’s not as common for hospitals. Even after a negative patient encounter like Karla’s is raised to supervisors, the intervention is usually weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do I tell my clinician, ‘Well, the patient thinks you’re racist?’” Salazar says. “It’s a hard conversation: ‘I gotta be careful, I don’t want to say the race word because I’m going to push some buttons here.’ So it just starts to become really complicated.” [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Data-based Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At Kaiser Permanente, Dr. Ronald Copeland, chief of equity, inclusion and diversity, says he remembers doctors also resisting these conversations in the early days. Suggestions of training in cultural sensitivity or unconscious bias were met with a backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was viewed almost from a punishment standpoint. ‘Doc, your patients of this persuasion don’t like you and you’ve got to do something about it.’ It’s like, you’re a bad doctor, and so your punishment is you have to go get training,” Copeland says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Kaiser’s approach is rooted in data from patient surveys, the questionnaires patients are often asked to fill out after a doctor’s visit. While they don’t ask patients directly if they think their doctor was racist, they do ask if they felt respected, if the communication was good and if they were satisfied with the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser then breaks this data down by demographics, to see if maybe a doctor gets good scores on respect and empathy from white patients, but not Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see a pattern evolving around a certain group and it’s a persistent pattern, then that tells you there’s something that from a cultural, from an ethnicity, from a gender, something that group has in common, that you’re not addressing,” Copeland says. “Then the real work starts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When doctors are presented with the data from their patients and the science on unconscious bias, they’re less likely to resist it or deny it, Copeland says. At Kaiser, they’ve reframed the goal of training around delivering better quality care and getting better patient outcomes, so doctors want to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks don’t flinch about it,” he said. “They’re eager to learn more about it, particularly about how you mitigate it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Karla Monterroso']‘If I don’t say what’s happening, then people with much less resources are going to come into this experience and they’re going to die.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Still Unwell\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than three months since Karla first got sick, and she’s still not feeling well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her heart rate continues to spike and she can’t walk across her apartment without getting winded. She decided recently to leave the Bay Area and move to LA so she could be closer to her family for her recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She declined Alameda Hospital’s invitation to speak to their staff about her experience, concluding it wasn’t her responsibility to fix the system that abused her. But she wants the broader health care system to take responsibility for the bias perpetuated in hospitals and clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She acknowledges that Alameda Hospital is public, and it doesn’t have the kind of resources that Kaiser and UCSF do. A recent audit warned that Alameda Health System was on the brink of insolvency. But still, Monterroso is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Code2040\u003c/a>, a racial equity nonprofit, and she says even for her it took an army of friends and activists fighting for her just to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of the people that are going to come through that hospital are not going to have what I have to fight that,” she says. “And if I don’t say what’s happening, then people with much less resources are going to come into this experience and they’re going to die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In mid-March, Karla Monterroso flew home from a hiking trip in Zion National Park through the Las Vegas airport. Four days later she began to develop a bad, dry cough. Her lungs felt sticky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fevers that persisted for the next nine weeks grew so high — 100.4, 101.2, 101.7, 102.3 — that on the worst night, she was in the shower on all fours, ice cold water running down her back, willing her temperature to go down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That night I had written down in a journal, letters to everyone I’m close to, the things I wanted them to know in case I died,” she remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then came a new batch of symptoms in the second month, headaches and shooting pains in her legs and abdomen that made her worry she could be at risk for the blood clots and strokes that other COVID-19 patients in their thirties were starting to report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But still, she wasn’t sure if she should go to the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As women of color, you get questioned a lot about your emotions and the truth of your physical state. You get called an exaggerator a lot throughout the course of your life,” said Monterroso, who is Latina. “So there was this weird, ‘I don’t want to go and use resources for nothing’ feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took four friends to convince her that she needed to call 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what happened in the emergency room at Alameda Hospital only confirmed her worst fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disrespect and abuse she experienced at the hands of medical professionals confirmed for her that the reason people of color are being disproportionately impacted by the coronavirus is not just because they’re more likely to have front-line jobs that expose them to it and the underlying conditions that make COVID-19 worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is certainly part of it, but the other part is the lack of value people see in our lives,” Monterroso wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/karlitaliliana/status/1260761818558984195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a Twitter thread\u003c/a> detailing her experience.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Research shows how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">doctors’ unconscious bias\u003c/a> affects the care people receive, with Latino and Black patients being less likely to receive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448154/#r3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pain medications\u003c/a> or get referred for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199902253400806#t=articleResults\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">advanced care\u003c/a> than white patients with the same complaints or symptoms, and more likely to die in childbirth from preventable complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At nearly every turn during her emergency room visit, Monterroso said providers dismissed her symptoms and concerns. Her low blood pressure? That’s a false reading. Her cycling oxygen levels? The machine’s wrong. The shooting pains in her leg? Probably just a cyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The doctor came in and said, ‘I don’t think that much is happening here. I think we can send you home,’” Monterroso recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was feeling woozy and having trouble communicating, so she had a friend and her friend’s cousin, a cardiac nurse, on the phone to help. They started asking questions: What about Karla’s accelerated heart rate? Her low oxygen levels? Her lips are blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor walked out of the room. He refused to care for Monterroso while her friends were on the phone, she said, and when he came back, the only thing he wanted to talk about was Monterroso’s tone and her friends’ tone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The implication was that we were insubordinate,” Monterroso says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told the doctor she didn’t want to talk about her tone. She wanted to talk about her health care. She was worried about possible blood clots in her leg and she asked for a CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, you know, the CT scan is radiation right next to your breast tissue. Do you want to get breast cancer?” Monterroso recalls the doctor saying to her. “I only feel comfortable giving you that test if you say that you’re fine getting breast cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterroso thought to herself, “Swallow it up, Karla. You need to be well.” And so she said to the doctor: “I’m fine getting breast cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He never ordered the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11826930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11826930\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Black-Health-Matters-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vehicle parked in Oakland during the first weeks of the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests \u003ccite>(Courtesy of April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Monterroso asked for a different doctor, for a hospital advocate. No and no, she was told. She began to worry for her safety, for her life. She wanted to get out of there. Her friends, all calling every medical professional they knew to confirm that this treatment was not right, came to pick her up and drove her to UCSF. The team there gave her an EKG, a chest x-ray and a CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the nurses came in and she was like, ‘I heard about your ordeal. I just want you to know that I believe you. And we are not going let you go until we know that you are safe to go,’” Monterroso said. “And I started bawling. Because that’s all you want, is to be believed. You spend so much of the process not believing yourself, and then to not be believed when you go in? It’s really hard to be questioned in that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda Health System did not respond to multiple requests for comment. Monterroso filed a grievance with the hospital and they invited her to come talk to their staff and residents, but she declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes her experience is an example of why people of color are faring so badly in the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when we go and seek care, if we are advocating for ourselves, we can be treated as insubordinate,” she says. “And if we are not advocating for ourselves, we can be treated as invisible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Unconscious Bias in Health Care\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Experts say this happens routinely, and regardless of the doctor’s intentions or race. Monterroso’s doctor was not white, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that every doctor, every human being, has biases they’re not aware of, says Dr. Rene Salazar, assistant dean for diversity at the University of Texas at Austin medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Do I question a white man in a suit who’s coming in looking like he’s a professional when he asks for pain meds versus a black man?” Salazar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unconscious bias most often surfaces in high stress environments, like emergency rooms — where doctors are under tremendous pressure and have to make quick, high stakes decisions. Add in a deadly new virus, where the science is changing by the day, and things can spiral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so much uncertainty,” he says. “When there is this uncertainty, there always is a level of opportunity for bias to make its way in and have an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar used to teach at UCSF where he helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">develop unconscious bias training\u003c/a> for medical and pharmacy students. While dozens of medical schools are following suit, he says it’s not as common for hospitals. Even after a negative patient encounter like Karla’s is raised to supervisors, the intervention is usually weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do I tell my clinician, ‘Well, the patient thinks you’re racist?’” Salazar says. “It’s a hard conversation: ‘I gotta be careful, I don’t want to say the race word because I’m going to push some buttons here.’ So it just starts to become really complicated.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Data-based Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At Kaiser Permanente, Dr. Ronald Copeland, chief of equity, inclusion and diversity, says he remembers doctors also resisting these conversations in the early days. Suggestions of training in cultural sensitivity or unconscious bias were met with a backlash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was viewed almost from a punishment standpoint. ‘Doc, your patients of this persuasion don’t like you and you’ve got to do something about it.’ It’s like, you’re a bad doctor, and so your punishment is you have to go get training,” Copeland says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Kaiser’s approach is rooted in data from patient surveys, the questionnaires patients are often asked to fill out after a doctor’s visit. While they don’t ask patients directly if they think their doctor was racist, they do ask if they felt respected, if the communication was good and if they were satisfied with the experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaiser then breaks this data down by demographics, to see if maybe a doctor gets good scores on respect and empathy from white patients, but not Black patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see a pattern evolving around a certain group and it’s a persistent pattern, then that tells you there’s something that from a cultural, from an ethnicity, from a gender, something that group has in common, that you’re not addressing,” Copeland says. “Then the real work starts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When doctors are presented with the data from their patients and the science on unconscious bias, they’re less likely to resist it or deny it, Copeland says. At Kaiser, they’ve reframed the goal of training around delivering better quality care and getting better patient outcomes, so doctors want to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks don’t flinch about it,” he said. “They’re eager to learn more about it, particularly about how you mitigate it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Still Unwell\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than three months since Karla first got sick, and she’s still not feeling well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her heart rate continues to spike and she can’t walk across her apartment without getting winded. She decided recently to leave the Bay Area and move to LA so she could be closer to her family for her recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She declined Alameda Hospital’s invitation to speak to their staff about her experience, concluding it wasn’t her responsibility to fix the system that abused her. But she wants the broader health care system to take responsibility for the bias perpetuated in hospitals and clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She acknowledges that Alameda Hospital is public, and it doesn’t have the kind of resources that Kaiser and UCSF do. A recent audit warned that Alameda Health System was on the brink of insolvency. But still, Monterroso is the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Code2040\u003c/a>, a racial equity nonprofit, and she says even for her it took an army of friends and activists fighting for her just to be heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of the people that are going to come through that hospital are not going to have what I have to fight that,” she says. “And if I don’t say what’s happening, then people with much less resources are going to come into this experience and they’re going to die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'Incarceration Should Not Mean a Death Sentence': Advocates Want a Plan to Stop COVID-19 Spread in San Quentin",
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"headTitle": "‘Incarceration Should Not Mean a Death Sentence’: Advocates Want a Plan to Stop COVID-19 Spread in San Quentin | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A COVID-19 outbreak at San Quentin State Prison reached 800 positive cases as of Sunday, rippling fear through the loved ones of those incarcerated there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoping to save lives, more than 150 protestors gathered at the entrance of San Quentin state prison Sunday and called for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to transfer inmates to non-prison facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to my son, the one that I gave birth to and carried for nine months, they don’t have the right to take his life,” said Shawanda Scott, whose 34-year-old son, Carrington Russelle, is serving a 12-year term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott said, “I’m demanding that they’re freed and able to come home to their loved ones, and be tested. I’m demanding that there’s no more transfers of loved ones that can cause more COVID to go rampant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/c_c_w_p/status/1277139957744668677\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators also demanded Gov. Gavin Newsom grant mass clemency to reduce overcrowding and stop corrections authorities from allowing U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement from detaining prison parolees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters were joined by Alameda County Public Defender Brendon Woods, who said all inmates who are “low-risk” to the public should be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State department of corrections administrators have faced intense criticism for failing to test vulnerable inmates transferred to San Quentin from a prison in Chino. City officials in Lassen County’s state prison have also said inmates transferred from San Quentin \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2020/06/26/lassen-prison-covid-19-outbreak-blaming-origin-san-quentin-transfers/3259449001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appear to be the source of an outbreak there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11826597\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11826597\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1.jpg 1900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 150 gather for a rally outside San Quentin State Prison on Sunday, June 28, 2020. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The protest was organized by \u003ca href=\"https://ellabakercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ella Baker Center\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://restorecal.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Re:Store Justice\u003c/a>. “Incarceration should not mean a death sentence,” the organizations wrote in their organizing materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/HollyMcDede/status/1275201103882145793\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Marc Levine (D-Marin County) has called on federal courts to replace J. Clark Kelso, who is responsible for prison health care. Earlier in May, Levine asked for plans to address a possible COVID-19 infection surge at the prison and ensure that limited hospital capacity in the North Bay would be able to safely accommodate civilian and prisoner patients, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://a10.asmdc.org/press-releases/20200626-san-quentin-leads-covid-19-infections-state-prisons-assemblymember-levine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a call last week, Kelso said his decision to transfer inmates from Chino to San Quentin was done “too quickly” and a “big mistake,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://a10.asmdc.org/press-releases/20200626-san-quentin-leads-covid-19-infections-state-prisons-assemblymember-levine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> from Levine’s office on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Levine said during a floor debate and vote on the revised state budget proposal: “Unrestrained COVID-19 infections at San Quentin State Prison is creating the worst prison health catastrophe in state history. The current rate of infections at San Quentin tells us that the worst is yet to come.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators also demanded Gov. Gavin Newsom grant mass clemency to reduce overcrowding and stop corrections authorities from allowing U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement from detaining prison parolees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters were joined by Alameda County Public Defender Brendon Woods, who said all inmates who are “low-risk” to the public should be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State department of corrections administrators have faced intense criticism for failing to test vulnerable inmates transferred to San Quentin from a prison in Chino. City officials in Lassen County’s state prison have also said inmates transferred from San Quentin \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2020/06/26/lassen-prison-covid-19-outbreak-blaming-origin-san-quentin-transfers/3259449001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appear to be the source of an outbreak there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11826597\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11826597\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/IMG_8158-1.jpg 1900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More than 150 gather for a rally outside San Quentin State Prison on Sunday, June 28, 2020. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The protest was organized by \u003ca href=\"https://ellabakercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ella Baker Center\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://restorecal.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Re:Store Justice\u003c/a>. “Incarceration should not mean a death sentence,” the organizations wrote in their organizing materials.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Marc Levine (D-Marin County) has called on federal courts to replace J. Clark Kelso, who is responsible for prison health care. Earlier in May, Levine asked for plans to address a possible COVID-19 infection surge at the prison and ensure that limited hospital capacity in the North Bay would be able to safely accommodate civilian and prisoner patients, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://a10.asmdc.org/press-releases/20200626-san-quentin-leads-covid-19-infections-state-prisons-assemblymember-levine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a call last week, Kelso said his decision to transfer inmates from Chino to San Quentin was done “too quickly” and a “big mistake,” according to a \u003ca href=\"https://a10.asmdc.org/press-releases/20200626-san-quentin-leads-covid-19-infections-state-prisons-assemblymember-levine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> from Levine’s office on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Levine said during a floor debate and vote on the revised state budget proposal: “Unrestrained COVID-19 infections at San Quentin State Prison is creating the worst prison health catastrophe in state history. The current rate of infections at San Quentin tells us that the worst is yet to come.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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