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"content": "\u003cp>The Palisadian-Post, the community paper that’s been covering the Pacific Palisades for nearly 100 years, printed its final issue on Christmas Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After January’s fires, subscriptions basically fell to zero, as did advertisers, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.palipost.com/a-note-of-grief-and-of-hope/\">memo\u003c/a> announcing the paper’s closure from owner Alan Smolinisky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But its end brings with it nearly a century of memories.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Post remembered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The seaside community of Pacific Palisades was founded by members of the Methodist church in 1922. Six years later, the first issue of what would become the Pali-Post was published to document town life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ A little 12-point, 12-page tabloid, they called the Palisadian” said\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Bill Bruns, a former editor of the Palisadian-Post from 1993 to 2013, and member of the Pacific Palisades Historical Society. Before he was editor, Bruns was a loyal reader of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068749\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Bruns (back right) poses for a picture with the rest of the “Palisadian-Post” staff in 2013. \u003ccite>(Bill Bruns/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1934, the paper was purchased by Clifford Clearwater, one of the first settlers of the Palisades. Bruns said Clearwater had been an ambulance driver in World War I, and was the Palisades’s original postal carrier where he would deliver mail by horseback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn’t trained as a journalist, but his life experiences gave him the confidence to keep publishing the paper, serving as its photographer and editor until his death in 1956.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a friend who had a little plane and he would take Cliff up and Cliff would shoot these great aerial pictures of the town growing, hanging out of this little plane,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Clearwater took about 3,000 aerial photos of the community as it developed and grew. All of those pictures survived the Palisades Fire and are stored at the Santa Monica Library for the public to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1950, a rival paper — the Pacific Palisades Post — came on the scene and by the end of the next decade, the two papers would merge to become the Pali-Post that most people think of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘heyday’ for community news\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The paper changed hands again in 1981 and a little over a decade later, Bruns began as editor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an average of about 30 pages to fill every week, he said what readers appreciated most was the focus on local news. Reporters went in person to cover stories and were often seen at local meetings, sports events and businesses.[aside postID=news_12068252 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3022-2000x1500.jpg']“So they knew that they were getting firsthand coverage of what was happening in the town,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readers like Sue Kohl who lived in the Palisades for 32 years, respected the breadth of its coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Post covered school sports her children participated in. She said it featured plenty of advertisements from neighborhood businesses, including her own real estate agency. She especially liked the small town bulletin feel of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They talked about local issues. They talked about local residents, whether they were famous or not famous,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her favorite sections to read was the “Two Cents” column, stray thoughts and opinions from Palisadians. She also appreciated the in-depth obituaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns said the obit section was always appreciated by the families since the paper didn’t charge for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ Because we didn’t charge, people would write nice obituaries because they weren’t worried about the cost and they would give us a picture and we ran those,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068751\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The old “Pacific-Palisades Post” newsroom from Bruns’ time as editor. After 2013, it was converted into a real estate office by the new owner, which was subsequently lost to the fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Patricia Williams/ Bill Bruns)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The paper was known for its responsiveness to the community. The staff took pitches from readers, Bruns said, and put the spotlight on Palisadians themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a “golden couples” column for anybody married for 50 years or more; a “young Palisadians” column for enterprising youngsters and a “people on the move” column for the movers and shakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also announced the first birth in the community each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a cool thing to be the first baby in the Palisades. They gave them prizes like baby gifts and things. Very local, community driven, small town emphasis,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More than a paper\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That small town emphasis remained a constant.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Gabriella Bock was a reporter at the Pali-Post from 2016 to 2018. She said it her first real newsroom experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ We were a small, tight-knit news team of myself, a sports reporter and one other staff reporter,” Bock said. “So I was able to be taken under their wing and learn a lot in a short period of time.”[aside postID=news_12068653 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/IMG_6335.jpg']But the paper was more than just a place to work. When Bock got married, her fellow reporters wrote a marriage announcement in the paper. When she was pregnant, they threw her a baby shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she heard about the paper closing its doors, she said it was heartbreaking. To Bock it’s not about being nostalgic or sentimental about a former workplace. She sees the giant hole the disappearance of another local newsroom can leave people with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how people learn what’s happening on their block, in their schools, in their city, and when that disappears, people oftentimes will lose a reason to stay engaged at all,” said Bock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns echoes Bock’s sentiment. He saw the paper as a unifier of the community in his two-decade tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just made people feel more like they really liked their town, and the Palisades Post was a crucial element in that whole spirit of community,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kohl, whose home is more than halfway rebuilt, hopes that the spirit will return one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last time she drove through her old neighborhood of The Alphabet Streets she saw several homes in the process of coming back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have faith that we will all come back, and I hope that the newspaper finds that as well,” said Kohl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Post remembered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The seaside community of Pacific Palisades was founded by members of the Methodist church in 1922. Six years later, the first issue of what would become the Pali-Post was published to document town life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ A little 12-point, 12-page tabloid, they called the Palisadian” said\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Bill Bruns, a former editor of the Palisadian-Post from 1993 to 2013, and member of the Pacific Palisades Historical Society. Before he was editor, Bruns was a loyal reader of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068749\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Bruns (back right) poses for a picture with the rest of the “Palisadian-Post” staff in 2013. \u003ccite>(Bill Bruns/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1934, the paper was purchased by Clifford Clearwater, one of the first settlers of the Palisades. Bruns said Clearwater had been an ambulance driver in World War I, and was the Palisades’s original postal carrier where he would deliver mail by horseback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn’t trained as a journalist, but his life experiences gave him the confidence to keep publishing the paper, serving as its photographer and editor until his death in 1956.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a friend who had a little plane and he would take Cliff up and Cliff would shoot these great aerial pictures of the town growing, hanging out of this little plane,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Clearwater took about 3,000 aerial photos of the community as it developed and grew. All of those pictures survived the Palisades Fire and are stored at the Santa Monica Library for the public to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1950, a rival paper — the Pacific Palisades Post — came on the scene and by the end of the next decade, the two papers would merge to become the Pali-Post that most people think of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘heyday’ for community news\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The paper changed hands again in 1981 and a little over a decade later, Bruns began as editor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an average of about 30 pages to fill every week, he said what readers appreciated most was the focus on local news. Reporters went in person to cover stories and were often seen at local meetings, sports events and businesses.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“So they knew that they were getting firsthand coverage of what was happening in the town,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readers like Sue Kohl who lived in the Palisades for 32 years, respected the breadth of its coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Post covered school sports her children participated in. She said it featured plenty of advertisements from neighborhood businesses, including her own real estate agency. She especially liked the small town bulletin feel of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They talked about local issues. They talked about local residents, whether they were famous or not famous,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her favorite sections to read was the “Two Cents” column, stray thoughts and opinions from Palisadians. She also appreciated the in-depth obituaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns said the obit section was always appreciated by the families since the paper didn’t charge for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ Because we didn’t charge, people would write nice obituaries because they weren’t worried about the cost and they would give us a picture and we ran those,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068751\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The old “Pacific-Palisades Post” newsroom from Bruns’ time as editor. After 2013, it was converted into a real estate office by the new owner, which was subsequently lost to the fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Patricia Williams/ Bill Bruns)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The paper was known for its responsiveness to the community. The staff took pitches from readers, Bruns said, and put the spotlight on Palisadians themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a “golden couples” column for anybody married for 50 years or more; a “young Palisadians” column for enterprising youngsters and a “people on the move” column for the movers and shakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also announced the first birth in the community each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a cool thing to be the first baby in the Palisades. They gave them prizes like baby gifts and things. Very local, community driven, small town emphasis,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More than a paper\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That small town emphasis remained a constant.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Gabriella Bock was a reporter at the Pali-Post from 2016 to 2018. She said it her first real newsroom experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ We were a small, tight-knit news team of myself, a sports reporter and one other staff reporter,” Bock said. “So I was able to be taken under their wing and learn a lot in a short period of time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the paper was more than just a place to work. When Bock got married, her fellow reporters wrote a marriage announcement in the paper. When she was pregnant, they threw her a baby shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she heard about the paper closing its doors, she said it was heartbreaking. To Bock it’s not about being nostalgic or sentimental about a former workplace. She sees the giant hole the disappearance of another local newsroom can leave people with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how people learn what’s happening on their block, in their schools, in their city, and when that disappears, people oftentimes will lose a reason to stay engaged at all,” said Bock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns echoes Bock’s sentiment. He saw the paper as a unifier of the community in his two-decade tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just made people feel more like they really liked their town, and the Palisades Post was a crucial element in that whole spirit of community,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kohl, whose home is more than halfway rebuilt, hopes that the spirit will return one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last time she drove through her old neighborhood of The Alphabet Streets she saw several homes in the process of coming back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have faith that we will all come back, and I hope that the newspaper finds that as well,” said Kohl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Adjustable-Rate Mortgages Caused Trouble in 2008. They’re Worrying Experts Again",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the country reemerged from the coronavirus pandemic lockdown in 2021, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055165/where-can-i-find-new-updated-2025-covid-vaccine-near-me-moderna-pfizer-cvs-walgreens-safeway-vaccinations-health-insurance-cost\">the COVID-19 vaccine\u003c/a> finally arrived, TikTok reached 1 billion downloads and Adele \u003cem>finally\u003c/em> released new music — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/housing\">housing market\u003c/a> also saw its own interesting development. That year, banks offered some of the lowest interest rates seen in over a decade for a type of housing loan known as an adjustable-rate mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that term \u003cem>sounds\u003c/em> familiar but you can’t place exactly where it’s from, think way before COVID-19 and TikTok. Think 2008 — interestingly enough, when Adele released her \u003cem>first\u003c/em> album. Adjustable-rate mortgages (or “ARMs” for short) made headlines back then for comprising a big chunk of the foreclosures that brought down the housing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ARM, to be more precise, is a loan with a monthly interest rate that stays fixed for an initial amount of time — there are options for five, seven and even 10 years. But unlike the more conventional 15- or 30-year fixed mortgage, an ARM’s rate will change after that first period — up or down, depending on where the housing market is then — and keep changing periodically until the borrower pays off the loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ARM rates have gone up significantly since the pandemic — for example, the \u003ca href=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/data/MORTGAGE5US\">average rate\u003c/a> for a 5/1 ARM (which promises a fixed interest for the first five years, then changes annually) stayed below 3% for almost all of 2021. Rates for that same kind of mortgage, as of this story’s publishing time, have nearly doubled since then, with many lenders currently offering \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/personal-finance/mortgages/article/mortgage-refinance-rates-today-monday-january-5-2026-110023457.html\">rates above 6%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#WhatexpertsrecommendifyoureexpectinganincreaseinyourARMratethisyear\">What experts recommend if you’re expecting an increase in your ARM rate this year\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Many families with a 5/1 ARM could see significantly higher payments when their new rate kicks in this year, said Julian Vogel, assistant professor of finance at San José State University and \u003ca href=\"https://career.rady.ucsd.edu/blog/2023/01/24/what-is-a-chartered-financial-analyst-cfa/\">chartered financial analyst\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Combined with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/money/473182/jobs-hiring-economy-us-market-linkedin\">difficult job market situation\u003c/a>, where fewer people can find adequate employment, higher payments will put a significant strain on a lot of households,” he said, before adding that both the housing market and the laws that regulate it have changed significantly since the last housing crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12068596 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ARM rates have gone up significantly since the pandemic — for example, the average rate for a 5/1 ARM (which promises a fixed interest for the first five years, then changes annually) stayed below 3% for almost all of 2021. \u003ccite>(Anchiy/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While he doesn’t think “it will be as big of a deal as in 2008” for the market as a whole, individual households could face some serious financial challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading to hear what insight financial experts shared with KQED on how borrowers can prepare for potentially higher monthly payments and what everyone else needs to know about how this change in the housing market could impact the overall economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do ARMs work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ARMs tend to have lower starting rates than the typical 30-year fixed mortgage many are familiar with, but they also come with a certain level of uncertainty. “Clients that really expect their income to grow over those periods are willing to make that risk trade-off, knowing that in the future, that rate could adjust either up or down,” said Matt Vernon, head of consumer lending at Bank of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who — or what — decides interest rates? If you’re thinking it’s the Federal Reserve, that’s \u003cem>partially\u003c/em> right, but not the whole answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s central bank, the Federal Reserve \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/23/1246593555/federal-reserve-independence\">can change\u003c/a> the benchmark interest rate, which is how much banks can charge when borrowing from each other. That number then acts like a baseline for the interest rate banks offer their customers (including on car loans and credit card debt). When rates are low, more people borrow and spend, injecting more money into the economy (This is why President Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/12/10/nx-s1-5633393/federal-reserve-interest-rates-inflation-jobs\">has pressured\u003c/a> the Federal Reserve for months to slash interest rates despite concerns about the possibility of higher inflation.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a mortgage, other factors also \u003ca href=\"https://www.mortgagenewsdaily.com/learn/mortgage-rates/change\">influence interest rates\u003c/a>, including the borrower’s credit score, job and location of the property, along with how many other people are interested in a similar loan. A mortgage, after all, is like any other good in the economy, where price — the rate — is determined by supply and demand. The more people want mortgages, the higher the rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s the risk for the economy?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic slowdown of 2020 led to the super-low rates of 2021, a year that saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/summary-of-2021-data-on-mortgage-lending/\">15 million mortgages nationwide\u003c/a>, including both ARMs and fixed loans. “We saw a lot of people take out mortgages then because they were unhappy with their living situation, which was at the forefront of their minds during the pandemic and lockdown,” Vogel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ARMs, however, ended up being only a tiny piece of the post-pandemic mortgage rush.[aside postID=news_12060292 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/ClimateBill_lede.jpg']According to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association, ARMs made up less than 5% of all home loan applications in 2021. That’s a different picture from where the country was leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. Soon after the housing market collapsed, the Federal Reserve found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200859/200859pap.pdf\">more than 75% of mortgages\u003c/a> offered to borrowers with bad credit (the infamous “subprime mortgages”) had been some type of ARM. Many borrowers who had received an ARM were financially unprepared when their rates went up and ended up having their homes foreclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having fewer ARMs this time around is a relief for some experts like Vogel, who points out that even if many folks with ARMs fail to make their payments, the number of potential foreclosures will most likely not reach 2008 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to see a financial crisis of that measure originate from ARMs,” he said, “but that is mostly because I could see a different, much stronger financial crisis arising from the overall increase in the cost of living and unemployment rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatexpertsrecommendifyoureexpectinganincreaseinyourARMratethisyear\">\u003c/a>I have an ARM and expect my rate to change this year. What should I know?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you secured a 5/1 ARM in 2021, you should receive a notice from your lender this year before your rate actually changes. If you are worried about your ability to pay your new rate, talk with your lender as soon as you can, said Nikki Beasley, executive director of Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services, which helps prepare families in Alameda and Contra Costa counties for homeownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You should confirm with your banker or mortgage company the loan’s reset date — when your mortgage will switch from the initial fixed-rate to adjustable rates — along with the rate cap and floor, which limit how much your payments can actually change in one year. If your reset date doesn’t kick in until, say, November, where rates are then will be much more relevant than where they are currently in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068597\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12068597 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If you are worried about your ability to pay your new rate, talk with your lender as soon as you can. \u003ccite>(Courtney Hale/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is not the time to shut down, to have shame, be embarrassed or have fear,” Beasley said. “Be as transparent as you can be with your lender to say what you can do or what you can’t do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s helpful to share with your lender any changes to your job, income or personal spending habits that have come up since you first signed the mortgage, Beasley added. A housing counseling agency approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development — like Beasley’s Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services — can also help you organize your budget and make a plan to avoid foreclosure. \u003ca href=\"https://answers.hud.gov/housingcounseling/s/?language=en_US\">\u003cstrong>Find your nearest HUD-approved housing counseling agency.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option you can also consider is refinancing — replacing your current loan with a new one, giving you the opportunity to secure a different rate or payment plan. In some cases, a borrower can even switch from an ARM to a fixed-rate mortgage, allowing for more stability in monthly payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for the consumer to be really transparent with their lending specialist on what are the goals that they’re trying to achieve [with refinancing],” Vernon said. “Do they want lower payments? Do they have the need to access equity or cash? Do they want to shorten the term of their loan?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind that refinancing usually comes with closing costs — additional fees that you’re charged for switching over to a new loan. And just because you \u003cem>want\u003c/em> a refinance doesn’t necessarily mean the bank \u003cem>will\u003c/em> give you one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They may not qualify if their credit score is too low, they’re unable to verify income or their income has changed from what they had when they initially qualified for the loan that they have today,” Vernon said, adding that your financial objectives should also align with the new loan you’re seeking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re in the difficult position of no longer being able to afford the home at all, also communicate that with your lender, recommended Beasley. “The sooner that you figure that out, you can then have a more graceful transition plan,” she said. “Maybe you are looking to sell, maximize the equity or get something smaller.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be more proactive, so you are making this transition with grace, versus it being a very traumatic situation because you didn’t deal with the problem soon enough,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the country reemerged from the coronavirus pandemic lockdown in 2021, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12055165/where-can-i-find-new-updated-2025-covid-vaccine-near-me-moderna-pfizer-cvs-walgreens-safeway-vaccinations-health-insurance-cost\">the COVID-19 vaccine\u003c/a> finally arrived, TikTok reached 1 billion downloads and Adele \u003cem>finally\u003c/em> released new music — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/housing\">housing market\u003c/a> also saw its own interesting development. That year, banks offered some of the lowest interest rates seen in over a decade for a type of housing loan known as an adjustable-rate mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that term \u003cem>sounds\u003c/em> familiar but you can’t place exactly where it’s from, think way before COVID-19 and TikTok. Think 2008 — interestingly enough, when Adele released her \u003cem>first\u003c/em> album. Adjustable-rate mortgages (or “ARMs” for short) made headlines back then for comprising a big chunk of the foreclosures that brought down the housing market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ARM, to be more precise, is a loan with a monthly interest rate that stays fixed for an initial amount of time — there are options for five, seven and even 10 years. But unlike the more conventional 15- or 30-year fixed mortgage, an ARM’s rate will change after that first period — up or down, depending on where the housing market is then — and keep changing periodically until the borrower pays off the loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ARM rates have gone up significantly since the pandemic — for example, the \u003ca href=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/data/MORTGAGE5US\">average rate\u003c/a> for a 5/1 ARM (which promises a fixed interest for the first five years, then changes annually) stayed below 3% for almost all of 2021. Rates for that same kind of mortgage, as of this story’s publishing time, have nearly doubled since then, with many lenders currently offering \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/personal-finance/mortgages/article/mortgage-refinance-rates-today-monday-january-5-2026-110023457.html\">rates above 6%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump to: \u003ca href=\"#WhatexpertsrecommendifyoureexpectinganincreaseinyourARMratethisyear\">What experts recommend if you’re expecting an increase in your ARM rate this year\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Many families with a 5/1 ARM could see significantly higher payments when their new rate kicks in this year, said Julian Vogel, assistant professor of finance at San José State University and \u003ca href=\"https://career.rady.ucsd.edu/blog/2023/01/24/what-is-a-chartered-financial-analyst-cfa/\">chartered financial analyst\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Combined with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/money/473182/jobs-hiring-economy-us-market-linkedin\">difficult job market situation\u003c/a>, where fewer people can find adequate employment, higher payments will put a significant strain on a lot of households,” he said, before adding that both the housing market and the laws that regulate it have changed significantly since the last housing crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12068596 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ARM rates have gone up significantly since the pandemic — for example, the average rate for a 5/1 ARM (which promises a fixed interest for the first five years, then changes annually) stayed below 3% for almost all of 2021. \u003ccite>(Anchiy/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While he doesn’t think “it will be as big of a deal as in 2008” for the market as a whole, individual households could face some serious financial challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading to hear what insight financial experts shared with KQED on how borrowers can prepare for potentially higher monthly payments and what everyone else needs to know about how this change in the housing market could impact the overall economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do ARMs work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ARMs tend to have lower starting rates than the typical 30-year fixed mortgage many are familiar with, but they also come with a certain level of uncertainty. “Clients that really expect their income to grow over those periods are willing to make that risk trade-off, knowing that in the future, that rate could adjust either up or down,” said Matt Vernon, head of consumer lending at Bank of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who — or what — decides interest rates? If you’re thinking it’s the Federal Reserve, that’s \u003cem>partially\u003c/em> right, but not the whole answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s central bank, the Federal Reserve \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/23/1246593555/federal-reserve-independence\">can change\u003c/a> the benchmark interest rate, which is how much banks can charge when borrowing from each other. That number then acts like a baseline for the interest rate banks offer their customers (including on car loans and credit card debt). When rates are low, more people borrow and spend, injecting more money into the economy (This is why President Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/12/10/nx-s1-5633393/federal-reserve-interest-rates-inflation-jobs\">has pressured\u003c/a> the Federal Reserve for months to slash interest rates despite concerns about the possibility of higher inflation.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a mortgage, other factors also \u003ca href=\"https://www.mortgagenewsdaily.com/learn/mortgage-rates/change\">influence interest rates\u003c/a>, including the borrower’s credit score, job and location of the property, along with how many other people are interested in a similar loan. A mortgage, after all, is like any other good in the economy, where price — the rate — is determined by supply and demand. The more people want mortgages, the higher the rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s the risk for the economy?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic slowdown of 2020 led to the super-low rates of 2021, a year that saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/summary-of-2021-data-on-mortgage-lending/\">15 million mortgages nationwide\u003c/a>, including both ARMs and fixed loans. “We saw a lot of people take out mortgages then because they were unhappy with their living situation, which was at the forefront of their minds during the pandemic and lockdown,” Vogel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ARMs, however, ended up being only a tiny piece of the post-pandemic mortgage rush.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association, ARMs made up less than 5% of all home loan applications in 2021. That’s a different picture from where the country was leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. Soon after the housing market collapsed, the Federal Reserve found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200859/200859pap.pdf\">more than 75% of mortgages\u003c/a> offered to borrowers with bad credit (the infamous “subprime mortgages”) had been some type of ARM. Many borrowers who had received an ARM were financially unprepared when their rates went up and ended up having their homes foreclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having fewer ARMs this time around is a relief for some experts like Vogel, who points out that even if many folks with ARMs fail to make their payments, the number of potential foreclosures will most likely not reach 2008 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to see a financial crisis of that measure originate from ARMs,” he said, “but that is mostly because I could see a different, much stronger financial crisis arising from the overall increase in the cost of living and unemployment rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"WhatexpertsrecommendifyoureexpectinganincreaseinyourARMratethisyear\">\u003c/a>I have an ARM and expect my rate to change this year. What should I know?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you secured a 5/1 ARM in 2021, you should receive a notice from your lender this year before your rate actually changes. If you are worried about your ability to pay your new rate, talk with your lender as soon as you can, said Nikki Beasley, executive director of Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services, which helps prepare families in Alameda and Contra Costa counties for homeownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You should confirm with your banker or mortgage company the loan’s reset date — when your mortgage will switch from the initial fixed-rate to adjustable rates — along with the rate cap and floor, which limit how much your payments can actually change in one year. If your reset date doesn’t kick in until, say, November, where rates are then will be much more relevant than where they are currently in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068597\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12068597 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/HousingGetty3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If you are worried about your ability to pay your new rate, talk with your lender as soon as you can. \u003ccite>(Courtney Hale/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is not the time to shut down, to have shame, be embarrassed or have fear,” Beasley said. “Be as transparent as you can be with your lender to say what you can do or what you can’t do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s helpful to share with your lender any changes to your job, income or personal spending habits that have come up since you first signed the mortgage, Beasley added. A housing counseling agency approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development — like Beasley’s Richmond Neighborhood Housing Services — can also help you organize your budget and make a plan to avoid foreclosure. \u003ca href=\"https://answers.hud.gov/housingcounseling/s/?language=en_US\">\u003cstrong>Find your nearest HUD-approved housing counseling agency.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option you can also consider is refinancing — replacing your current loan with a new one, giving you the opportunity to secure a different rate or payment plan. In some cases, a borrower can even switch from an ARM to a fixed-rate mortgage, allowing for more stability in monthly payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for the consumer to be really transparent with their lending specialist on what are the goals that they’re trying to achieve [with refinancing],” Vernon said. “Do they want lower payments? Do they have the need to access equity or cash? Do they want to shorten the term of their loan?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind that refinancing usually comes with closing costs — additional fees that you’re charged for switching over to a new loan. And just because you \u003cem>want\u003c/em> a refinance doesn’t necessarily mean the bank \u003cem>will\u003c/em> give you one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They may not qualify if their credit score is too low, they’re unable to verify income or their income has changed from what they had when they initially qualified for the loan that they have today,” Vernon said, adding that your financial objectives should also align with the new loan you’re seeking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re in the difficult position of no longer being able to afford the home at all, also communicate that with your lender, recommended Beasley. “The sooner that you figure that out, you can then have a more graceful transition plan,” she said. “Maybe you are looking to sell, maximize the equity or get something smaller.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be more proactive, so you are making this transition with grace, versus it being a very traumatic situation because you didn’t deal with the problem soon enough,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tucked between the homes of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/east-palo-alto\">East Palo Alto\u003c/a> neighborhood, there’s a small yellow building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, on a weekday in late November, young people — ranging in age from adolescence to early adulthood — were busy at work. They helped each other with homework, met with therapists, and hosted discussions about leadership and political education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Youth United for Community Action (YUCA) has all the hallmarks of a typical community center, the nonprofit’s mission is more specific: to serve homeless youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out back, youth mentor Lavain Henderson, 22, showed off a vegetable garden and chicken den, where members can harvest produce and gather freshly-laid eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson became homeless when he was around 18 and, over a five-year span, bounced between at least four different homeless organizations throughout California. But he struggled to find community. YUCA was different, he said, because it was run by and for young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There weren’t spaces where I could learn the skills that I need to survive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067031\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lavain Henderson, a youth mentor with Youth United for Community Action (YUCA), holds a chicken raised and cared for at the organization’s East Palo Alto site on Dec. 11, 2025. YUCA incorporates urban agriculture into its youth programming. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Organizations like YUCA are credited with contributing to a recent drop in youth homelessness in California — a 24% reduction between 2019 and 2024 — according to a \u003ca href=\"https://jbay.org/resources/investing-in-impact-2025/\">November report by nonprofit John Burton Advocates for Youth\u003c/a>. The data is a silver lining amid rising homelessness nationwide, but advocates warn that recent state and federal funding changes could threaten that progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simone Tureck Lee, one of the authors of the report, said that while the data used in the report is widely considered an undercount, it remains useful for tracking trends over time. She largely attributed the decline in youth homelessness to California’s investments in specifically addressing young people’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2018, California began reserving 5% of homelessness funding for youth — what it calls the “youth set aside.” And by fiscal year 2021, the state had increased that set-aside to 10%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the same time period, it also increased the total amount of funding dedicated to addressing homelessness, with about $5 billion going into its Homeless Housing, Assistance and Prevention Program (HHAP) since fiscal year 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5082\">according to the state’s Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a>. With the funding, youth homelessness organizations can support young adults in a way organizations that cater to adults cannot, Tureck Lee said.[aside postID=news_12066469 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250820-HOUSINGFIRST_02179_TV-KQED.jpg']“We’re seeing something different than what’s happening nationally and what’s happening among the general population in California,” Tureck Lee said. “We really attribute those changes to these major state investments that came after years of lack of investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Henderson, the other shelters and community centers he once relied on rarely provided him with the resources he needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when he found YUCA. Unlike other programs, Henderson said, YUCA was better able to meet his needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I was able to care for myself like how I’m supposed to,” he said. “There was a lot of things falling through the cracks. I’m still working on myself as a person, but I’ve definitely come a long way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Henderson, those needs weren’t just physical, like food and shelter; they were emotional, as well. YUCA gave him a sense of community that he hadn’t experienced with other organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe that I deserved to have community,” he said, adding that YUCA “definitely opened my eyes to how important having a community is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in November, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12064324/its-devastating-more-than-100m-for-housing-homeless-at-risk-under-new-hud-policy\">new guidelines for homelessness funding\u003c/a>. The changes include tighter restrictions on which organizations qualify for support and how funds can be used, a change that Tureck Lee said could impact youth homelessness organizations in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990403\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11990403 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A pink suitcase, shoes and a unicorn toy lie next to and on a blue bed.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child’s belongings sit next to a shelter bed set up in an auditorium at Buena Vista Horace Mann Community School on June 10. The school operates as one of San Francisco’s largest shelters for families experiencing homelessness. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in the current state budget, lawmakers set aside \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12045673/newsom-slashes-funding-for-homelessness-in-state-budget-leaving-cities-scrambling\">no new funding for HHAP\u003c/a>, though they earmarked $500 million for the program in fiscal year 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tureck Lee said she expects the loss of HHAP funds this year to have a greater impact on youth-specific organizations than the loss of federal funding in California. But she’s still concerned about what the federal changes might mean for counties like Alameda or Los Angeles, which she said will now have to compete for federal funding, rather than being able to take advantage of the youth set-aside in HHAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has said it will penalize organizations that provide benefits to people who are undocumented or that recognize transgender people, for instance, Tureck Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of these values that the Trump administration is very attached to are inserted into the criteria for scoring applications from all these communities,” she said.[aside postID=news_12064324 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/240522-ERPressure-09-BL_qed.jpg']Katie Barnett, a community organizer with the policy and advocacy organization, All Home, said the changes pose a serious risk to the progress made in reducing youth homelessness, as well as to the entire homeless population across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to have catastrophic ripple effects for every single community in the country, absolutely here in California, where we have not only the Bay Area, but also the Los Angeles area, which has some of the highest rates of specifically chronic and unsheltered homelessness nationwide,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coco Auerswald, a UC Berkeley professor and homelessness researcher, said she expects the impact of the changes to be disastrous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Auerswald, the real key to addressing overall homelessness is addressing youth homelessness, because homelessness among adults often begins in their youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we had been able to change their trajectory,” she said, “the numbers of people experiencing homelessness would be dramatically different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, the federal government hasn’t done enough to prioritize youth, comparing its approach to using a mop to clean a flooded floor, rather than turning off the faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t keep up because the inflow of water is greater than our ability to remove water,” she said. “We have to turn off the faucet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration sued the federal government over the funding changes, and in December, HUD subsequently rescinded the guidelines. But the agency has yet to issue new ones — leaving nonprofits like YUCA in limbo. In the meantime, Newsom announced $56 million in state grants specifically to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/11/25/during-national-youth-homelessness-awareness-month-governor-newsom-provides-local-funding-to-help-strengthen-housing-access-for-foster-youth/\">address youth homelessness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Henderson, the stakes are personal. YUCA helped him develop the skills he needed as a young adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like that’s a lot of the work that we do,” he said. “Trying to get the youth to grow as people, to be future leaders. At the end of the day, they’re the future of everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tucked between the homes of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/east-palo-alto\">East Palo Alto\u003c/a> neighborhood, there’s a small yellow building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside, on a weekday in late November, young people — ranging in age from adolescence to early adulthood — were busy at work. They helped each other with homework, met with therapists, and hosted discussions about leadership and political education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Youth United for Community Action (YUCA) has all the hallmarks of a typical community center, the nonprofit’s mission is more specific: to serve homeless youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out back, youth mentor Lavain Henderson, 22, showed off a vegetable garden and chicken den, where members can harvest produce and gather freshly-laid eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson became homeless when he was around 18 and, over a five-year span, bounced between at least four different homeless organizations throughout California. But he struggled to find community. YUCA was different, he said, because it was run by and for young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There weren’t spaces where I could learn the skills that I need to survive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12067031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12067031\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/20251211_YOUTHHOMELESSNESS_DECEMBER_GH-8-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lavain Henderson, a youth mentor with Youth United for Community Action (YUCA), holds a chicken raised and cared for at the organization’s East Palo Alto site on Dec. 11, 2025. YUCA incorporates urban agriculture into its youth programming. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Organizations like YUCA are credited with contributing to a recent drop in youth homelessness in California — a 24% reduction between 2019 and 2024 — according to a \u003ca href=\"https://jbay.org/resources/investing-in-impact-2025/\">November report by nonprofit John Burton Advocates for Youth\u003c/a>. The data is a silver lining amid rising homelessness nationwide, but advocates warn that recent state and federal funding changes could threaten that progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simone Tureck Lee, one of the authors of the report, said that while the data used in the report is widely considered an undercount, it remains useful for tracking trends over time. She largely attributed the decline in youth homelessness to California’s investments in specifically addressing young people’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2018, California began reserving 5% of homelessness funding for youth — what it calls the “youth set aside.” And by fiscal year 2021, the state had increased that set-aside to 10%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the same time period, it also increased the total amount of funding dedicated to addressing homelessness, with about $5 billion going into its Homeless Housing, Assistance and Prevention Program (HHAP) since fiscal year 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/5082\">according to the state’s Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a>. With the funding, youth homelessness organizations can support young adults in a way organizations that cater to adults cannot, Tureck Lee said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’re seeing something different than what’s happening nationally and what’s happening among the general population in California,” Tureck Lee said. “We really attribute those changes to these major state investments that came after years of lack of investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Henderson, the other shelters and community centers he once relied on rarely provided him with the resources he needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when he found YUCA. Unlike other programs, Henderson said, YUCA was better able to meet his needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I was able to care for myself like how I’m supposed to,” he said. “There was a lot of things falling through the cracks. I’m still working on myself as a person, but I’ve definitely come a long way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Henderson, those needs weren’t just physical, like food and shelter; they were emotional, as well. YUCA gave him a sense of community that he hadn’t experienced with other organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe that I deserved to have community,” he said, adding that YUCA “definitely opened my eyes to how important having a community is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in November, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12064324/its-devastating-more-than-100m-for-housing-homeless-at-risk-under-new-hud-policy\">new guidelines for homelessness funding\u003c/a>. The changes include tighter restrictions on which organizations qualify for support and how funds can be used, a change that Tureck Lee said could impact youth homelessness organizations in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990403\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11990403 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A pink suitcase, shoes and a unicorn toy lie next to and on a blue bed.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-HomelessFamilies-23-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child’s belongings sit next to a shelter bed set up in an auditorium at Buena Vista Horace Mann Community School on June 10. The school operates as one of San Francisco’s largest shelters for families experiencing homelessness. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in the current state budget, lawmakers set aside \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12045673/newsom-slashes-funding-for-homelessness-in-state-budget-leaving-cities-scrambling\">no new funding for HHAP\u003c/a>, though they earmarked $500 million for the program in fiscal year 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tureck Lee said she expects the loss of HHAP funds this year to have a greater impact on youth-specific organizations than the loss of federal funding in California. But she’s still concerned about what the federal changes might mean for counties like Alameda or Los Angeles, which she said will now have to compete for federal funding, rather than being able to take advantage of the youth set-aside in HHAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has said it will penalize organizations that provide benefits to people who are undocumented or that recognize transgender people, for instance, Tureck Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of these values that the Trump administration is very attached to are inserted into the criteria for scoring applications from all these communities,” she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Katie Barnett, a community organizer with the policy and advocacy organization, All Home, said the changes pose a serious risk to the progress made in reducing youth homelessness, as well as to the entire homeless population across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to have catastrophic ripple effects for every single community in the country, absolutely here in California, where we have not only the Bay Area, but also the Los Angeles area, which has some of the highest rates of specifically chronic and unsheltered homelessness nationwide,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coco Auerswald, a UC Berkeley professor and homelessness researcher, said she expects the impact of the changes to be disastrous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Auerswald, the real key to addressing overall homelessness is addressing youth homelessness, because homelessness among adults often begins in their youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we had been able to change their trajectory,” she said, “the numbers of people experiencing homelessness would be dramatically different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, the federal government hasn’t done enough to prioritize youth, comparing its approach to using a mop to clean a flooded floor, rather than turning off the faucet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t keep up because the inflow of water is greater than our ability to remove water,” she said. “We have to turn off the faucet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration sued the federal government over the funding changes, and in December, HUD subsequently rescinded the guidelines. But the agency has yet to issue new ones — leaving nonprofits like YUCA in limbo. In the meantime, Newsom announced $56 million in state grants specifically to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/11/25/during-national-youth-homelessness-awareness-month-governor-newsom-provides-local-funding-to-help-strengthen-housing-access-for-foster-youth/\">address youth homelessness\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Henderson, the stakes are personal. YUCA helped him develop the skills he needed as a young adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like that’s a lot of the work that we do,” he said. “Trying to get the youth to grow as people, to be future leaders. At the end of the day, they’re the future of everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For New Year’s, we’re bringing you one of our favorite conversations from our series on resilience. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Luis Rodriguez credits reading and writing for keeping him resilient his whole life. He’s best known for his 1993 memoir \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Always Running: La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which chronicles how he joined a gang at age 11, found himself homeless and using heroin, and wound up in the juvenile justice system. He went on to write 17 books of poetry, fiction, and non-fiction, and he served as poet laureate of Los Angeles from 2014 to 2017. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In July, as part of our series on resilience, host Sasha Khokha sat down with Luis Rodriguez to talk about his life and work, and what advice he has for getting through tumultuous times. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For New Year’s, we’re bringing you one of our favorite conversations from our series on resilience. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Luis Rodriguez credits reading and writing for keeping him resilient his whole life. He’s best known for his 1993 memoir \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Always Running: La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which chronicles how he joined a gang at age 11, found himself homeless and using heroin, and wound up in the juvenile justice system. He went on to write 17 books of poetry, fiction, and non-fiction, and he served as poet laureate of Los Angeles from 2014 to 2017. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In July, as part of our series on resilience, host Sasha Khokha sat down with Luis Rodriguez to talk about his life and work, and what advice he has for getting through tumultuous times. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> is once again taking steps to limit the influx of dogs from out-of-state puppy mills with a package of laws that take effect in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB519\">AB 519\u003c/a>, authored by Assemblymember Marc Berman, D-Menlo Park, prohibits both in-person and online pet brokers from selling dogs, cats or rabbits under a year old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is that this will … funnel Californians into the legitimate avenues for either purchasing or rescuing an animal, and it’ll make it harder for bad people to do bad things,” Berman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill defines a broker as a person or business that sells, processes or transports a pet bred by someone else for profit. It carves out exceptions for shelters, rescues and educational nonprofits teaching kids to care for animals. Service animals and those involved with government agencies, like police dogs, are also exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the pet broker ban, the “Stop The Puppy Mill Pipeline” legislative package includes two other bills that aim to protect consumers from deceptive third-party pet sellers. The laws are part of a slate of statewide animal protections that will go into effect on Jan. 1, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066785/cat-declawing-law-california-ban-2026-how-to-help-cats-scratching\">ban on declawing cats\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11200589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11200589\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12.jpg\" alt=\"Veterinarian Bianca Zampieri (left) checks the teeth of King, a six-month old puppy, while veterinary technician Stacy Turner holds him. King was brought to the clinic by his owner Jernika Robinson in order to get his core shots done.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterinarian Bianca Zampieri (left) checks the teeth of King, a 6-month-old puppy. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB506\">AB 506\u003c/a> by Assemblymember Steve Bennett, D-Ventura, voids any pet contracts that include a nonrefundable deposit or fail to disclose the pet’s medical information and breeder origin. If a contract is voided, the purchaser is entitled to a refund and is not required to return the pet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB312\">SB 312\u003c/a> by state Sen. Tom Umberg, D-Santa Ana, requires dog importers to send health certificates to the buyer and the California Department of Food and Agriculture no more than 10 days before the dog enters the state. The CDFA must keep these records for five years and make them publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers introduced these bills to close loopholes that emerged after California’s initial effort to shut down the puppy mill pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, California led the nation in banning pet stores from selling dogs from commercial breeders, also called puppy mills, which prioritize profits over animals’ welfare. But the law did not cover online marketplaces, and resellers cropped up to take the place of pet stores, as revealed by a 2024 Los Angeles Times investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report detailed truckloads of designer dogs, many of them abused and neglected, shipped into the state from commercial breeders in the Midwest. Consumers were advertised puppies from small, local breeders on online marketplaces and unwittingly ended up with sick puppies requiring expensive veterinary care. In one case, a puppy died within weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brittany Benesi, the senior legislative director for the Western division of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said these online marketplaces hide the origin and condition of animals even more than brick-and-mortar pet stores do.[aside postID=news_12066785 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/CatsGetty1.jpg']“You can go to these websites and they will tell you the astrological sign of a puppy, but you could not find out who that puppy was bred by,” Benesi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She argues that the 2019 bill effectively shut off one valve of the puppy mill pipeline, but the online market took advantage of that absence. The ASPCA, which co-sponsored the legislative package, expects these new laws to shut off the online valve as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think California is such a large, powerful market that these retailers are going to have a really hard time making up for the loss,” Benesi said. “And it may force their hand to change their business models or their business practices in order to regain the California market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of AB 519 argue the law will have a similar unintended consequence as the 2019 retail ban, which they see as having worsened the underground market for puppies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re once again removing the ability for Californians to access well-regulated, well-run and folks that have oversight, both in the animal welfare and consumer protection areas,” said Alyssa Miller-Hurley, the vice president for government affairs for the Pet Advocacy Network, a national trade association representing breeders, retailers and distributors. “And it’s just going to exacerbate a problem that, unfortunately, already exists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By preventing USDA-licensed pet brokers from selling puppies under a year old, Miller-Hurley said this law will push consumers “into the shadows” and force them to work with unregulated online markets like Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace and even TikTok.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you enforce something … over some random person selling an animal on TikTok Live?” Miller-Hurley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare groups have long been critical of the standards for licensed dog dealers. In 2024, USDA investigations at commercial breeding operations found more than 800 direct violations, according to an ASPCA report. Only two dealers lost their licenses and not a single dog was removed from the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal laws around animal welfare are very, very low bars to meet,” Benesi said. “The USDA licensure allows for dogs to be kept in wire cages with only six inches of space on any side of them for their entire lives, breeding out litter after litter after litter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta supported all three bills, and Benesi said the office has made it clear they are committed to enforcing them. She said groups like the ASPCA, as well as the public, will help monitor and file complaints to the attorney general’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they oppose the broker ban, the Pet Advocacy Network supports stronger regulations on the puppy trade, like Umberg’s bill, streamlining pet medical information to a single department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, California required importers to send certificates of veterinary inspection to individual counties. However, many counties were unaware they were supposed to receive them, and many importers would send them to the CDFA, which deleted the files.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re happy to see California join what most of the states already do, which is allow the state department of agriculture or department health to have oversight of these critical pieces of information,” Miller-Hurley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This holiday season, as Californians welcome new furry family members to their homes, Benesi encourages people to consider adopting through a rescue or shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those working with a breeder, she urges prospective pet owners to see where the puppy was raised, meet its parents in person and vet the breeder as carefully as the breeder should be vetting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> is once again taking steps to limit the influx of dogs from out-of-state puppy mills with a package of laws that take effect in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB519\">AB 519\u003c/a>, authored by Assemblymember Marc Berman, D-Menlo Park, prohibits both in-person and online pet brokers from selling dogs, cats or rabbits under a year old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is that this will … funnel Californians into the legitimate avenues for either purchasing or rescuing an animal, and it’ll make it harder for bad people to do bad things,” Berman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill defines a broker as a person or business that sells, processes or transports a pet bred by someone else for profit. It carves out exceptions for shelters, rescues and educational nonprofits teaching kids to care for animals. Service animals and those involved with government agencies, like police dogs, are also exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the pet broker ban, the “Stop The Puppy Mill Pipeline” legislative package includes two other bills that aim to protect consumers from deceptive third-party pet sellers. The laws are part of a slate of statewide animal protections that will go into effect on Jan. 1, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12066785/cat-declawing-law-california-ban-2026-how-to-help-cats-scratching\">ban on declawing cats\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11200589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11200589\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12.jpg\" alt=\"Veterinarian Bianca Zampieri (left) checks the teeth of King, a six-month old puppy, while veterinary technician Stacy Turner holds him. King was brought to the clinic by his owner Jernika Robinson in order to get his core shots done.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/161116_VetSOS_bhs12-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterinarian Bianca Zampieri (left) checks the teeth of King, a 6-month-old puppy. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB506\">AB 506\u003c/a> by Assemblymember Steve Bennett, D-Ventura, voids any pet contracts that include a nonrefundable deposit or fail to disclose the pet’s medical information and breeder origin. If a contract is voided, the purchaser is entitled to a refund and is not required to return the pet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB312\">SB 312\u003c/a> by state Sen. Tom Umberg, D-Santa Ana, requires dog importers to send health certificates to the buyer and the California Department of Food and Agriculture no more than 10 days before the dog enters the state. The CDFA must keep these records for five years and make them publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers introduced these bills to close loopholes that emerged after California’s initial effort to shut down the puppy mill pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, California led the nation in banning pet stores from selling dogs from commercial breeders, also called puppy mills, which prioritize profits over animals’ welfare. But the law did not cover online marketplaces, and resellers cropped up to take the place of pet stores, as revealed by a 2024 Los Angeles Times investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report detailed truckloads of designer dogs, many of them abused and neglected, shipped into the state from commercial breeders in the Midwest. Consumers were advertised puppies from small, local breeders on online marketplaces and unwittingly ended up with sick puppies requiring expensive veterinary care. In one case, a puppy died within weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brittany Benesi, the senior legislative director for the Western division of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, said these online marketplaces hide the origin and condition of animals even more than brick-and-mortar pet stores do.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You can go to these websites and they will tell you the astrological sign of a puppy, but you could not find out who that puppy was bred by,” Benesi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She argues that the 2019 bill effectively shut off one valve of the puppy mill pipeline, but the online market took advantage of that absence. The ASPCA, which co-sponsored the legislative package, expects these new laws to shut off the online valve as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think California is such a large, powerful market that these retailers are going to have a really hard time making up for the loss,” Benesi said. “And it may force their hand to change their business models or their business practices in order to regain the California market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of AB 519 argue the law will have a similar unintended consequence as the 2019 retail ban, which they see as having worsened the underground market for puppies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re once again removing the ability for Californians to access well-regulated, well-run and folks that have oversight, both in the animal welfare and consumer protection areas,” said Alyssa Miller-Hurley, the vice president for government affairs for the Pet Advocacy Network, a national trade association representing breeders, retailers and distributors. “And it’s just going to exacerbate a problem that, unfortunately, already exists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By preventing USDA-licensed pet brokers from selling puppies under a year old, Miller-Hurley said this law will push consumers “into the shadows” and force them to work with unregulated online markets like Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace and even TikTok.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you enforce something … over some random person selling an animal on TikTok Live?” Miller-Hurley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Animal welfare groups have long been critical of the standards for licensed dog dealers. In 2024, USDA investigations at commercial breeding operations found more than 800 direct violations, according to an ASPCA report. Only two dealers lost their licenses and not a single dog was removed from the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The federal laws around animal welfare are very, very low bars to meet,” Benesi said. “The USDA licensure allows for dogs to be kept in wire cages with only six inches of space on any side of them for their entire lives, breeding out litter after litter after litter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Rob Bonta supported all three bills, and Benesi said the office has made it clear they are committed to enforcing them. She said groups like the ASPCA, as well as the public, will help monitor and file complaints to the attorney general’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they oppose the broker ban, the Pet Advocacy Network supports stronger regulations on the puppy trade, like Umberg’s bill, streamlining pet medical information to a single department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, California required importers to send certificates of veterinary inspection to individual counties. However, many counties were unaware they were supposed to receive them, and many importers would send them to the CDFA, which deleted the files.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re happy to see California join what most of the states already do, which is allow the state department of agriculture or department health to have oversight of these critical pieces of information,” Miller-Hurley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This holiday season, as Californians welcome new furry family members to their homes, Benesi encourages people to consider adopting through a rescue or shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those working with a breeder, she urges prospective pet owners to see where the puppy was raised, meet its parents in person and vet the breeder as carefully as the breeder should be vetting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing a mountain of lawsuits, California K-12 schools will have a system in place beginning this year to prevent teachers and other staff from sexually abusing students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new California law creates an array of measures to educate school staff, beef up reporting requirements and stop teachers credibly accused of abuse from getting jobs at other districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260sb848\">Senate Bill 848\u003c/a>, goes into effect Jan. 1 and schools must have protocols in place by July. The law applies to all schools, including private schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud to see this bill move forward. It’s been really personal for me,” \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/sasha-renee-perez-187431\">state Sen. Sasha Renée Pérez\u003c/a>, the bill’s author, told CalMatters after it passed. “For survivors, this is an important step toward justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Avalanche of lawsuits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The law stems from a previous California law that made it easier for victims to sue school districts and counties. Under \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB218\">AB 218\u003c/a>, which went into effect in 2020, victims can file suit until age 40 or even older if they didn’t remember being abused until later in life. That’s led to an avalanche of lawsuits and much greater public awareness of the scope of the problem.[aside postID=news_12050399 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/GenericClassroomGetty.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, victims have filed more than 1,000 lawsuits against school districts and counties, with some resulting in enormous payouts. A jury in Riverside County in 2023 handed Moreno Valley Unified a $135 million verdict over abuse allegations, and Los Angeles Unified faces more than $500 million in claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California schools face \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcmat.org/PublicationsReports/child-sexual-assault-fiscal-implications-report.pdf\">nearly $3 billion in sex abuse claims\u003c/a> from former students, according to the Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team, a state agency that helps school districts with financial matters. Some of the incidents occurred decades ago, as early as the 1940s, and some of the payouts have been so large that they’ve led districts to financial insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>School accountability\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the new law doesn’t address the lawsuits, it does institute measures intended to stop future abuse and hold schools more accountable. It requires schools to write comprehensive policies on appropriate behavior, and train students, teachers, coaches and other school staff on recognizing and reporting misconduct. It also broadens the number of staff who are required to report abuse allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most noteworthy requirement is creating a database of teachers credibly accused of abuse. The database, to be administered by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing, will be available to schools during their hiring processes. The aim is to stop teachers who’ve abused students from quitting and getting rehired elsewhere, only to abuse more students. Teachers who’ve been cleared of wrongdoing will be removed from the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez, a Democrat from Alhambra, said she was inspired to author the new law after reading about \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/40-years-of-sexual-misconduct-at-rosemead-california-high-school-2023-9?investigative=64b6dc464228262bfe7edd25\">generations of abuse\u003c/a> at Rosemead High School, which is in her district. She also \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/09/sexual-abuse-california-schools/\">told CaMatters\u003c/a> that she was the victim of a teacher’s unwanted attention when she was in high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are now dollars and cents being assigned to these cases,” she said in September. “It’s really opened up this conversation about what can we do to better prevent this abuse from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/12/sex-abuse-california/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing a mountain of lawsuits, California K-12 schools will have a system in place beginning this year to prevent teachers and other staff from sexually abusing students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new California law creates an array of measures to educate school staff, beef up reporting requirements and stop teachers credibly accused of abuse from getting jobs at other districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202520260sb848\">Senate Bill 848\u003c/a>, goes into effect Jan. 1 and schools must have protocols in place by July. The law applies to all schools, including private schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud to see this bill move forward. It’s been really personal for me,” \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/sasha-renee-perez-187431\">state Sen. Sasha Renée Pérez\u003c/a>, the bill’s author, told CalMatters after it passed. “For survivors, this is an important step toward justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Avalanche of lawsuits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The law stems from a previous California law that made it easier for victims to sue school districts and counties. Under \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB218\">AB 218\u003c/a>, which went into effect in 2020, victims can file suit until age 40 or even older if they didn’t remember being abused until later in life. That’s led to an avalanche of lawsuits and much greater public awareness of the scope of the problem.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, victims have filed more than 1,000 lawsuits against school districts and counties, with some resulting in enormous payouts. A jury in Riverside County in 2023 handed Moreno Valley Unified a $135 million verdict over abuse allegations, and Los Angeles Unified faces more than $500 million in claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California schools face \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcmat.org/PublicationsReports/child-sexual-assault-fiscal-implications-report.pdf\">nearly $3 billion in sex abuse claims\u003c/a> from former students, according to the Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team, a state agency that helps school districts with financial matters. Some of the incidents occurred decades ago, as early as the 1940s, and some of the payouts have been so large that they’ve led districts to financial insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>School accountability\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the new law doesn’t address the lawsuits, it does institute measures intended to stop future abuse and hold schools more accountable. It requires schools to write comprehensive policies on appropriate behavior, and train students, teachers, coaches and other school staff on recognizing and reporting misconduct. It also broadens the number of staff who are required to report abuse allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the most noteworthy requirement is creating a database of teachers credibly accused of abuse. The database, to be administered by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing, will be available to schools during their hiring processes. The aim is to stop teachers who’ve abused students from quitting and getting rehired elsewhere, only to abuse more students. Teachers who’ve been cleared of wrongdoing will be removed from the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez, a Democrat from Alhambra, said she was inspired to author the new law after reading about \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/40-years-of-sexual-misconduct-at-rosemead-california-high-school-2023-9?investigative=64b6dc464228262bfe7edd25\">generations of abuse\u003c/a> at Rosemead High School, which is in her district. She also \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/09/sexual-abuse-california-schools/\">told CaMatters\u003c/a> that she was the victim of a teacher’s unwanted attention when she was in high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are now dollars and cents being assigned to these cases,” she said in September. “It’s really opened up this conversation about what can we do to better prevent this abuse from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/12/sex-abuse-california/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briana Fair, a mental health clinician with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-mateo\">San Mateo\u003c/a> Police Department, received a dozen voicemails from the same distressed caller over a single weekend this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew the voice. It was her client, saying that a celebrity has been hacking her phone, that she needed help moving into a different apartment and why was the process taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally, she won’t call like this unless she’s starting to get towards a crisis,” Fair said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Fair keeps her close, it will ensure she is connected with the services she needs and prevent her from calling 911 dispatch, reducing the possibility of a full-blown crisis involving officers or unnecessary hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fill in the gaps,” said Fair. “It’s just a matter of getting her the right supports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s working, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02339-7\">new study of San Mateo County’s efforts\u003c/a> from Stanford’s John W. Gardner Center for Youth and Their Communities, which found that pairing \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2022/03/mental-health-crisis-police/\">law enforcement officers with mental health clinicians\u003c/a> reduces the likelihood of costlier and more intrusive interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-15-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up shows a person with short, tightly curled hair leaning forward and listening intently to another person whose back is in the foreground. Their face is partially lit, with a focused, serious expression, while a blurred laptop screen and desk items appear in the background, suggesting a work or interview setting.\">\u003cfigcaption>Briana Fair assists a client at the client’s apartment in San Mateo, after the client made multiple calls to her over the weekend, on Dec. 15, 2025. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fair was hired four years ago as part of a program to pilot this approach, also known as a “co-responder model,” across San Mateo County’s four largest cities — Daly City, San Mateo, Redwood City and South San Francisco. The idea was to free up police officers and provide alternatives to incarceration and hospital emergency rooms for people in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/mental-health/\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>. Since then, the model has rolled out to police departments in nearly every city in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers behind the Stanford study found the co-responder model decreased involuntary psychiatric holds by approximately 17% and reduced the likelihood of future mental health 911 calls among the four pilot cities. The hold allows a hospital to keep someone for up to 72 hours to determine if they are a danger to themselves or others. Given the reduction of roughly 370 involuntary psychiatric holds over the course of two years, researchers Tom Dee and Jaymes Pyne estimated an annual cost savings of roughly $300,000 to $800,000.[aside postID=news_12066395 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/San-Francisco-General-Hospital-Getty.jpg']“We’ve got to look to alternatives and really understand that police are not the best equipped to handle mental health crisis situations,” said San Mateo County Executive Officer Mike Callagy, who proposed the pilot after seeing cases that resulted in officers using force and in lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During each visit with her client, Fair tries to help her check something off a list of things that have been bothering her. Today, they’re sitting next to one another as they call California’s social services department to ask about in-home care. They’re placed on hold and after five minutes, her client lets out a deep sigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know, it’s a lot,” Fair said. “That’s why I’m here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As jazz music plays in the background of the call, Fair picks up a bottle of dry shampoo from the desk, reads the label aloud and asks her how she likes it. She brought the product over during one of their last visits — a bandaid solution that she devised because her client was having trouble bathing herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have you tried it yet?” she asks. “Want me to spray it for you? Brush it first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her client takes her hair out of its ponytail, brushes it with her fingers and runs her hands along the part. Fair stands up from her chair, shakes the bottle and mists it over her head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does it feel better?” she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, but you sprayed it in my mouth,” her client says, letting out a big laugh. “It feels fresh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rising number of mental health calls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s research adds to a \u003ca href=\"https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.20240003\">growing body of evidence\u003c/a> about the positive impact of alternative first response programs, which have proliferated across the country amid calls for police reform in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder in 2020. Those reforms are so nascent that not much is known about them, Dee said, and his study is one of a handful that provides a credible evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a common-sense reform with a great deal of promise,” he said. “That being said, it’s not a cut-and-paste kind of reform. There are serious design and implementation details that matter for realizing the promise of these sorts of initiatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-03-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A motion-blurred street scene shows a uniformed officer moving quickly near an intersection, with another person partially visible nearby. A stop sign and street sign appear in the background alongside residential buildings and trees, conveying a sense of sudden movement and urgency.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-09-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Three people walk together across a residential street, including two uniformed police officers and a third person in plain clothes who gestures while speaking. Parked police vehicles line the curb behind them, and apartment buildings and trees with autumn leaves frame the scene in daylight.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First: \u003c/strong>Briana Fair, San Mateo Police Department’s first-ever mental health clinician, responds to a mental health related 911 call that involved two police officers and resulted in no arrests, in San Mateo, on Dec. 15, 2025. \u003cstrong>Last: \u003c/strong>Police officers Dylan Kayzar, left, Jared Rogge, and mental health clinician Briana Fair chat after responding to a mental health related 911 call in San Mateo, on Dec. 15, 2025. Photos by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-01-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person sits in the front seat of a car, shown in profile, with short curly hair softly lit by dim light from outside the vehicle. The interior is mostly dark, with the headrest, window frame, and a blurred structure visible beyond the window, creating a quiet, contemplative mood.\">\u003cfigcaption>Briana Fair, San Mateo Police Department’s first-ever mental health clinician, prepares to respond to a mental health-related 911 call in San Mateo on Dec. 15, 2025. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of those details include having buy-in from the police, training dispatchers on how to triage calls, and integrating mental health staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo Police Chief Ed Barberini said it was a “risky proposition” when his agency decided to participate in the pilot program, worrying that his officers would push back. But mental health calls were on the rise, he said, and without clinical expertise, police officers were being put in a difficult position. That sentiment has been shared by law enforcement agencies across the state, some of which have recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2025/04/mental-health-crisis-california-police-response/\">distanced themselves from mental health calls\u003c/a>.[aside postID=science_1999700 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/12/251211-DEATHCAPMUSHROOMS-10-BL-KQED.jpg']“We recognized that we were triaging problems and just finding short-term solutions,” said Barberini. “I’m pleasantly surprised with how things have turned out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the pilot program, San Mateo police officers who responded to mental health 911 calls had to decide whether to send the person to the hospital for a 72-hour involuntary hold, arrest them, or leave them to their own devices. By pairing them with a clinician, the agency has been able to provide safety planning, follow-up calls and connections to community partners for people in mental health crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariela Ruiz-Angel, director of Alternative Response Initiatives at Georgetown Law’s Center for Innovations in Community Safety, said a co-responder model is fantastic — but it’s just the beginning of what a progressive city looks like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really about evolving to a level in which we don’t have to send out cops or fire for basic-level need calls,” she said. “The idea was never about taking cops out of the equation altogether. The idea was that we don’t have to center them as the main response of 911. We don’t have to make public safety about cops. Public safety is about the appropriate response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>De-escalating a family feud\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The pilot program cost approximately $1.5 million over the course of two years, split between the county and the four participating cities. Once it ended, the San Mateo Police Department — an agency consisting of 116 sworn officers — converted Fair’s role to a permanent position as the agency’s first-ever mental health clinician. The city is also using grant money to employ an additional mental health clinician part-time. Every other participating city has also found a way to sustain its program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Monday morning, Fair responds to emails from police officers who have asked her to follow up with people they interacted with over the weekend. This time of year has been busy, Fair says, because the holidays can be lonely. In the last week alone, she’s had to respond to a variety of crises: evaluating a kid who had an interrupted suicide attempt and responding to a transgender youth who wanted to stab themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A radio sits next to her desk. She pauses to listen more intently as a dispatcher relays information about a person who thinks they’re being followed by a federal agent. A family member called in to report the episode. A few minutes later, Fair slings her backpack over her arm, sticks the radio in her pocket and quickly winds her way through the hallway to the garage. In the backseat of her county car – a white Toyota Prius – is a bulletproof vest, which she says she rarely uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside an apartment complex, Fair pulls over and turns on her flashers. The process, also referred to as “staging,” is when she parks two blocks away so police officers, who have already arrived, can vet the scene to make sure it’s safe for her arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-31-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person with short, curly hair sits indoors near a window, hands clasped in their lap, with a calm expression. Sunlight falls across part of their face and shoulder, while the rest of the room remains in shadow. Small potted plants sit on a ledge beside them, and shelves with framed items and greenery are visible in the softly lit background.\">\u003cfigcaption>As the San Mateo Police Department’s first mental health clinician, Briana Fair connects people experiencing mental health crises with services to help prevent unnecessary hospitalizations or police involvement in San Mateo, on Dec. 15, 2025. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few minutes later, she opens the car door and jogs over in her black Nikes and tan cargo pants. An officer introduces her to the family and from there, Fair’s work unfolds. She moves back and forth between the family and their loved one, who’s sitting across the street on a bench, as she collects information from both parties: Is there a mental health history? What kind of substances have they used before? Are they currently receiving any treatment? Have they been hospitalized before? Did they make any threats? What do you want to see happen today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 10 minutes, Fair pulls one of the officers aside to let him know that the person doesn’t need to be hospitalized. “Let’s safety plan,” she tells him. It’s what the agency does if they receive a call that doesn’t rise to the level of an involuntary psychiatric hold. At that point, officers say, they’re “just playing peacemaker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fair huddles beside the family to explain that the situation is no longer a police matter or a mental health crisis, but rather, a family matter. Still, she doesn’t want to leave them feeling alone. They create a “safety plan” that everyone can get on board with so that, as she later explains, “We don’t get another call in 10 minutes because they’re arguing down the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get calls like this — where it sounds like it’s going to be wild — and then we get here and it’s just a family matter,” she said. “It happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Cayla Mihalovich is a California Local News fellow. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/12/police-mental-health-emergencies/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "San Mateo adopted a new approach to mental health 911 calls by pairing police with mental health clinicians. Researchers found that it reduced the number of future mental health emergency calls and involuntary psychiatric holds by roughly 17%.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briana Fair, a mental health clinician with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-mateo\">San Mateo\u003c/a> Police Department, received a dozen voicemails from the same distressed caller over a single weekend this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She knew the voice. It was her client, saying that a celebrity has been hacking her phone, that she needed help moving into a different apartment and why was the process taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally, she won’t call like this unless she’s starting to get towards a crisis,” Fair said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Fair keeps her close, it will ensure she is connected with the services she needs and prevent her from calling 911 dispatch, reducing the possibility of a full-blown crisis involving officers or unnecessary hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fill in the gaps,” said Fair. “It’s just a matter of getting her the right supports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s working, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02339-7\">new study of San Mateo County’s efforts\u003c/a> from Stanford’s John W. Gardner Center for Youth and Their Communities, which found that pairing \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2022/03/mental-health-crisis-police/\">law enforcement officers with mental health clinicians\u003c/a> reduces the likelihood of costlier and more intrusive interventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-15-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up shows a person with short, tightly curled hair leaning forward and listening intently to another person whose back is in the foreground. Their face is partially lit, with a focused, serious expression, while a blurred laptop screen and desk items appear in the background, suggesting a work or interview setting.\">\u003cfigcaption>Briana Fair assists a client at the client’s apartment in San Mateo, after the client made multiple calls to her over the weekend, on Dec. 15, 2025. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fair was hired four years ago as part of a program to pilot this approach, also known as a “co-responder model,” across San Mateo County’s four largest cities — Daly City, San Mateo, Redwood City and South San Francisco. The idea was to free up police officers and provide alternatives to incarceration and hospital emergency rooms for people in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/mental-health/\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>. Since then, the model has rolled out to police departments in nearly every city in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers behind the Stanford study found the co-responder model decreased involuntary psychiatric holds by approximately 17% and reduced the likelihood of future mental health 911 calls among the four pilot cities. The hold allows a hospital to keep someone for up to 72 hours to determine if they are a danger to themselves or others. Given the reduction of roughly 370 involuntary psychiatric holds over the course of two years, researchers Tom Dee and Jaymes Pyne estimated an annual cost savings of roughly $300,000 to $800,000.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’ve got to look to alternatives and really understand that police are not the best equipped to handle mental health crisis situations,” said San Mateo County Executive Officer Mike Callagy, who proposed the pilot after seeing cases that resulted in officers using force and in lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During each visit with her client, Fair tries to help her check something off a list of things that have been bothering her. Today, they’re sitting next to one another as they call California’s social services department to ask about in-home care. They’re placed on hold and after five minutes, her client lets out a deep sigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know, it’s a lot,” Fair said. “That’s why I’m here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As jazz music plays in the background of the call, Fair picks up a bottle of dry shampoo from the desk, reads the label aloud and asks her how she likes it. She brought the product over during one of their last visits — a bandaid solution that she devised because her client was having trouble bathing herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have you tried it yet?” she asks. “Want me to spray it for you? Brush it first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her client takes her hair out of its ponytail, brushes it with her fingers and runs her hands along the part. Fair stands up from her chair, shakes the bottle and mists it over her head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does it feel better?” she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, but you sprayed it in my mouth,” her client says, letting out a big laugh. “It feels fresh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rising number of mental health calls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s research adds to a \u003ca href=\"https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.20240003\">growing body of evidence\u003c/a> about the positive impact of alternative first response programs, which have proliferated across the country amid calls for police reform in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder in 2020. Those reforms are so nascent that not much is known about them, Dee said, and his study is one of a handful that provides a credible evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a common-sense reform with a great deal of promise,” he said. “That being said, it’s not a cut-and-paste kind of reform. There are serious design and implementation details that matter for realizing the promise of these sorts of initiatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-03-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A motion-blurred street scene shows a uniformed officer moving quickly near an intersection, with another person partially visible nearby. A stop sign and street sign appear in the background alongside residential buildings and trees, conveying a sense of sudden movement and urgency.\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-09-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Three people walk together across a residential street, including two uniformed police officers and a third person in plain clothes who gestures while speaking. Parked police vehicles line the curb behind them, and apartment buildings and trees with autumn leaves frame the scene in daylight.\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First: \u003c/strong>Briana Fair, San Mateo Police Department’s first-ever mental health clinician, responds to a mental health related 911 call that involved two police officers and resulted in no arrests, in San Mateo, on Dec. 15, 2025. \u003cstrong>Last: \u003c/strong>Police officers Dylan Kayzar, left, Jared Rogge, and mental health clinician Briana Fair chat after responding to a mental health related 911 call in San Mateo, on Dec. 15, 2025. Photos by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-01-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person sits in the front seat of a car, shown in profile, with short curly hair softly lit by dim light from outside the vehicle. The interior is mostly dark, with the headrest, window frame, and a blurred structure visible beyond the window, creating a quiet, contemplative mood.\">\u003cfigcaption>Briana Fair, San Mateo Police Department’s first-ever mental health clinician, prepares to respond to a mental health-related 911 call in San Mateo on Dec. 15, 2025. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of those details include having buy-in from the police, training dispatchers on how to triage calls, and integrating mental health staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo Police Chief Ed Barberini said it was a “risky proposition” when his agency decided to participate in the pilot program, worrying that his officers would push back. But mental health calls were on the rise, he said, and without clinical expertise, police officers were being put in a difficult position. That sentiment has been shared by law enforcement agencies across the state, some of which have recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2025/04/mental-health-crisis-california-police-response/\">distanced themselves from mental health calls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We recognized that we were triaging problems and just finding short-term solutions,” said Barberini. “I’m pleasantly surprised with how things have turned out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the pilot program, San Mateo police officers who responded to mental health 911 calls had to decide whether to send the person to the hospital for a 72-hour involuntary hold, arrest them, or leave them to their own devices. By pairing them with a clinician, the agency has been able to provide safety planning, follow-up calls and connections to community partners for people in mental health crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariela Ruiz-Angel, director of Alternative Response Initiatives at Georgetown Law’s Center for Innovations in Community Safety, said a co-responder model is fantastic — but it’s just the beginning of what a progressive city looks like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really about evolving to a level in which we don’t have to send out cops or fire for basic-level need calls,” she said. “The idea was never about taking cops out of the equation altogether. The idea was that we don’t have to center them as the main response of 911. We don’t have to make public safety about cops. Public safety is about the appropriate response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>De-escalating a family feud\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The pilot program cost approximately $1.5 million over the course of two years, split between the county and the four participating cities. Once it ended, the San Mateo Police Department — an agency consisting of 116 sworn officers — converted Fair’s role to a permanent position as the agency’s first-ever mental health clinician. The city is also using grant money to employ an additional mental health clinician part-time. Every other participating city has also found a way to sustain its program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Monday morning, Fair responds to emails from police officers who have asked her to follow up with people they interacted with over the weekend. This time of year has been busy, Fair says, because the holidays can be lonely. In the last week alone, she’s had to respond to a variety of crises: evaluating a kid who had an interrupted suicide attempt and responding to a transgender youth who wanted to stab themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A radio sits next to her desk. She pauses to listen more intently as a dispatcher relays information about a person who thinks they’re being followed by a federal agent. A family member called in to report the episode. A few minutes later, Fair slings her backpack over her arm, sticks the radio in her pocket and quickly winds her way through the hallway to the garage. In the backseat of her county car – a white Toyota Prius – is a bulletproof vest, which she says she rarely uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside an apartment complex, Fair pulls over and turns on her flashers. The process, also referred to as “staging,” is when she parks two blocks away so police officers, who have already arrived, can vet the scene to make sure it’s safe for her arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/121525-San-Mateo-RideAlong-MO-CM-31-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"A person with short, curly hair sits indoors near a window, hands clasped in their lap, with a calm expression. Sunlight falls across part of their face and shoulder, while the rest of the room remains in shadow. Small potted plants sit on a ledge beside them, and shelves with framed items and greenery are visible in the softly lit background.\">\u003cfigcaption>As the San Mateo Police Department’s first mental health clinician, Briana Fair connects people experiencing mental health crises with services to help prevent unnecessary hospitalizations or police involvement in San Mateo, on Dec. 15, 2025. Photo by Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few minutes later, she opens the car door and jogs over in her black Nikes and tan cargo pants. An officer introduces her to the family and from there, Fair’s work unfolds. She moves back and forth between the family and their loved one, who’s sitting across the street on a bench, as she collects information from both parties: Is there a mental health history? What kind of substances have they used before? Are they currently receiving any treatment? Have they been hospitalized before? Did they make any threats? What do you want to see happen today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 10 minutes, Fair pulls one of the officers aside to let him know that the person doesn’t need to be hospitalized. “Let’s safety plan,” she tells him. It’s what the agency does if they receive a call that doesn’t rise to the level of an involuntary psychiatric hold. At that point, officers say, they’re “just playing peacemaker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fair huddles beside the family to explain that the situation is no longer a police matter or a mental health crisis, but rather, a family matter. Still, she doesn’t want to leave them feeling alone. They create a “safety plan” that everyone can get on board with so that, as she later explains, “We don’t get another call in 10 minutes because they’re arguing down the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get calls like this — where it sounds like it’s going to be wild — and then we get here and it’s just a family matter,” she said. “It happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Cayla Mihalovich is a California Local News fellow. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/12/police-mental-health-emergencies/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Trump Move to Break Up Atmospheric Research Center Threatens Wildfire, Storm Predictions",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> officials and researchers across the country are sounding the alarm about the Trump administration’s plans to dismember a global hub for weather, wildfire and climate science: the Colorado-based National Center for Atmospheric Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/people/russell-vought/\">Russell Vought\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">President\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Trump\u003c/a>’s director of the Office of Management and Budget, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/russvought/status/2001099488774033692?s=20\">posted Tuesday\u003c/a> on the social media platform X that the National Science Foundation will be “breaking up” the science institution, which he called “one of the largest sources of climate alarmism in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes as Trump clashes with Colorado Governor Jared Polis. But scientists warn that dismantling the \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/who-we-are\">federally-funded science center\u003c/a> will endanger Americans even beyond the hundreds whose jobs are now at risk in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m alarmed. I’m worried. I’m upset. And I think we need to connect the dots between attacks on science and what it means to the safety of Americans,” California’s Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vought said in his social media post that “any vital activities such as weather research will be moved to another entity or location.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the research fields aren’t easily disentangled, and experts say weather science can’t withstand the cuts to critical climate research. In California, weather extremes highlight the high stakes as \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/02/california-drought-floods-atmospheric-rivers-reservoir-management-hurricane-hunters/\">an atmospheric river storm\u003c/a> looms and the one-year anniversary of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/12/water-hydrant-wildfire-misinformation-ucla/\">Los Angeles’ climate-fueled catastrophic wildfires\u003c/a> approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068279\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068279\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. on Dec. 17, 2025. \u003ccite>(Photo by RJ Sangosti, The Denver Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State climatologist Michael Anderson said that the National Center for Atmospheric Research has worked with California agencies in the past on projects to improve precipitation predictions and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/02/california-water-climate-change-snowpack/\">snowpack modeling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing the science center, he said, “will set the nation back in being able to respond to extreme weather events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research institution, often referred to as NCAR, is managed by a nonprofit consortium of 120 colleges and universities. It shares \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/who-we-are\">tools including aircraft\u003c/a> and supercomputers, as well as expertise and research vital to understanding and predicting wildfire behavior, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-66292-9_reference.pdf\">smoke exposure\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucar.edu/133017/looking-pacific-scientists-improve-forecasts-atmospheric-rivers\">storms\u003c/a>, floods and drought — with implications for public safety, agriculture and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gutting NCAR is putting American lives and property at higher risk of fire, because we’re not going to have the information that we need in order to really understand it and address how fires are increasing in a warming world,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.colorado.edu/geography/jennifer-balch-0\">Jennifer Balch\u003c/a>, a preeminent fire scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder, whose own work has investigated California and other Western states’ increasingly devastating wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balch spoke as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/19/weather/denver-winds-fire-colorado.html\">high fire-risk weather in December\u003c/a> forced a power shutoff to her Colorado neighborhood, leaving her family to cook their breakfast on the grill.[aside postID=science_1999616 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/12/251021-I-580-MD-03_qed.jpg']“Undercutting our science community like this is only going to hurt Americans,” Balch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsu.edu/people/craig.clements/\">Craig Clements\u003c/a>, chair of the Department of Meteorology and Climate Science at San José State University, said that the next generation of scientists would lose vital training opportunities if the research center were dismantled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They get to have hands-on experience with state of the art research, aircraft, facilities and researchers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clements said he was in shock that this was even being proposed. “How are they going to do this? Is this really going to happen?” he said. “It’s going to devastate atmospheric science research worldwide — not just California, not just the U.S. It is the leading atmospheric science institution in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office called this research “life saving” in a news release Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately for the American people, Trump’s Budget Director, Russell Vought — also known as \u003ca href=\"https://mclist.us7.list-manage.com/track/click?u=afffa58af0d1d42fee9a20e55&id=8aed534e76&e=62dcda1138\">“a right-wing absolute zealot”\u003c/a>— is targeting the Center to line the pockets of Big Oil,” the statement said. “Despite what the Trump administration hopes, extreme weather does not take the day off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crowfoot told CalMatters that the move is just one more example of the Trump administration attacking the science that keeps Californians safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One that had us scrambling this fall was cuts to the federal funding for the \u003ca href=\"https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/california-nevada-river-forecast-center-cnrfc-hydrologic-river-and-flood-forecast-data-webpage\">California Nevada River Forecast Center\u003c/a>,” Crowfoot said. California’s emergency \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/10/15/federal-reductions-to-critical-services-threaten-public-safety-as-flood-season-gets-underway-in-california/\">storm and flood efforts\u003c/a> rely on the forecast center to guide decisions such as where to pre-position emergency rescue teams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crowfoot said there were such large personnel cuts that the state has been racing to fill the gaps as the rainy season takes hold. Gutting the atmospheric research center, he said, will force a similar scramble as universities and others try to maintain data, tools and expertise in its absence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal data and science and information is critical. What we’re experiencing across the country is this alarming adjustment to the loss of this information — and it’s happening on a weekly basis,” Crowfoot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/12/trump-dismantles-ncar-crowfoot-california-impacts/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> officials and researchers across the country are sounding the alarm about the Trump administration’s plans to dismember a global hub for weather, wildfire and climate science: the Colorado-based National Center for Atmospheric Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/people/russell-vought/\">Russell Vought\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">President\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Trump\u003c/a>’s director of the Office of Management and Budget, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/russvought/status/2001099488774033692?s=20\">posted Tuesday\u003c/a> on the social media platform X that the National Science Foundation will be “breaking up” the science institution, which he called “one of the largest sources of climate alarmism in the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes as Trump clashes with Colorado Governor Jared Polis. But scientists warn that dismantling the \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/who-we-are\">federally-funded science center\u003c/a> will endanger Americans even beyond the hundreds whose jobs are now at risk in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m alarmed. I’m worried. I’m upset. And I think we need to connect the dots between attacks on science and what it means to the safety of Americans,” California’s Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vought said in his social media post that “any vital activities such as weather research will be moved to another entity or location.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the research fields aren’t easily disentangled, and experts say weather science can’t withstand the cuts to critical climate research. In California, weather extremes highlight the high stakes as \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/02/california-drought-floods-atmospheric-rivers-reservoir-management-hurricane-hunters/\">an atmospheric river storm\u003c/a> looms and the one-year anniversary of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/12/water-hydrant-wildfire-misinformation-ucla/\">Los Angeles’ climate-fueled catastrophic wildfires\u003c/a> approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068279\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068279\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/121725_NCAR_GETTY_CM_01-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo. on Dec. 17, 2025. \u003ccite>(Photo by RJ Sangosti, The Denver Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State climatologist Michael Anderson said that the National Center for Atmospheric Research has worked with California agencies in the past on projects to improve precipitation predictions and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/02/california-water-climate-change-snowpack/\">snowpack modeling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing the science center, he said, “will set the nation back in being able to respond to extreme weather events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research institution, often referred to as NCAR, is managed by a nonprofit consortium of 120 colleges and universities. It shares \u003ca href=\"https://ncar.ucar.edu/who-we-are\">tools including aircraft\u003c/a> and supercomputers, as well as expertise and research vital to understanding and predicting wildfire behavior, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-66292-9_reference.pdf\">smoke exposure\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucar.edu/133017/looking-pacific-scientists-improve-forecasts-atmospheric-rivers\">storms\u003c/a>, floods and drought — with implications for public safety, agriculture and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gutting NCAR is putting American lives and property at higher risk of fire, because we’re not going to have the information that we need in order to really understand it and address how fires are increasing in a warming world,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.colorado.edu/geography/jennifer-balch-0\">Jennifer Balch\u003c/a>, a preeminent fire scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder, whose own work has investigated California and other Western states’ increasingly devastating wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balch spoke as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/19/weather/denver-winds-fire-colorado.html\">high fire-risk weather in December\u003c/a> forced a power shutoff to her Colorado neighborhood, leaving her family to cook their breakfast on the grill.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Undercutting our science community like this is only going to hurt Americans,” Balch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsu.edu/people/craig.clements/\">Craig Clements\u003c/a>, chair of the Department of Meteorology and Climate Science at San José State University, said that the next generation of scientists would lose vital training opportunities if the research center were dismantled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They get to have hands-on experience with state of the art research, aircraft, facilities and researchers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clements said he was in shock that this was even being proposed. “How are they going to do this? Is this really going to happen?” he said. “It’s going to devastate atmospheric science research worldwide — not just California, not just the U.S. It is the leading atmospheric science institution in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office called this research “life saving” in a news release Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately for the American people, Trump’s Budget Director, Russell Vought — also known as \u003ca href=\"https://mclist.us7.list-manage.com/track/click?u=afffa58af0d1d42fee9a20e55&id=8aed534e76&e=62dcda1138\">“a right-wing absolute zealot”\u003c/a>— is targeting the Center to line the pockets of Big Oil,” the statement said. “Despite what the Trump administration hopes, extreme weather does not take the day off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crowfoot told CalMatters that the move is just one more example of the Trump administration attacking the science that keeps Californians safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One that had us scrambling this fall was cuts to the federal funding for the \u003ca href=\"https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/california-nevada-river-forecast-center-cnrfc-hydrologic-river-and-flood-forecast-data-webpage\">California Nevada River Forecast Center\u003c/a>,” Crowfoot said. California’s emergency \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/10/15/federal-reductions-to-critical-services-threaten-public-safety-as-flood-season-gets-underway-in-california/\">storm and flood efforts\u003c/a> rely on the forecast center to guide decisions such as where to pre-position emergency rescue teams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crowfoot said there were such large personnel cuts that the state has been racing to fill the gaps as the rainy season takes hold. Gutting the atmospheric research center, he said, will force a similar scramble as universities and others try to maintain data, tools and expertise in its absence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal data and science and information is critical. What we’re experiencing across the country is this alarming adjustment to the loss of this information — and it’s happening on a weekly basis,” Crowfoot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2025/12/trump-dismantles-ncar-crowfoot-california-impacts/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Remembering Papa: Northern California’s Elderly Face Hidden Epidemic of Gun Suicides",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early afternoon of her 59th birthday, Kelly Frost had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/healthnews\">sinking feeling\u003c/a> in the pit of her stomach. She had lunch with girlfriends near her home in Douglas City — a rural community nestled among the ponderosa pines of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/shasta-county\">Shasta\u003c/a>–\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942299/onetime-enemies-over-logging-are-now-a-community-to-prevent-wildfire\">Trinity National Forest\u003c/a> in Northern California. But she kept thinking about her “Daddy-o,” Jeffrey Butler, her 81-year-old father. He was not returning her calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she drove home around 4 p.m., she stopped to check in on him. Her dad lived in a two-bedroom cabin just up the road from her place. “I was kind of feeling angry with him because he hadn’t answered all day,” Frost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she opened the door, she glanced at the “Papa chair,” his favorite recliner, the spot where she usually found him. He wasn’t there. That’s when she noticed his feet on the kitchen floor. He was slumped over on his right side, a pool of blood around his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost’s first thought was that her dad had taken a fall. She blew an air horn that she and her dad kept around in case they ever needed help. A neighbor met her promptly, and it was he who noticed the revolver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said, ‘No, Kel, there’s a gun on the counter,’ and then I realized that he had shot himself,” Frost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler died on Dec. 18, 2024 from a self-inflicted gunshot to the head. His death is part of a dark reality — a public health crisis that often goes overlooked: older adults are increasingly turning to guns to end their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_38-1024x695.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>A motel in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, 5,825 adults aged 70 or older died by gun suicide between 2009 and 2023, according to mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://datahub.thetrace.org/dataset/gun-suicides-older-americans/\">provided by the Gun Violence Data Hub\u003c/a>. The numbers are especially stark among older white men in rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Trinity County – population just over 15,600 – at least eight men 70 or older, including Butler, died from an apparent firearm suicide between 2020 and 2024, incident reports from the Trinity County Sheriff’s office show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trinity County isn’t alone. Rural Northern California counties have some of the nation’s highest rates of gun suicides among older adults. Over the course of 15 years, the gun suicide rate of adults 70 and older in Trinity, Tehama, Plumas, Lassen, Glenn, Calaveras, and Amador was 35.6 deaths per 100,000, more than triple the statewide rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"min-height:624px\" id=\"datawrapper-vis-lOl3X\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lOl3X/full.png\" alt=\"Rural counties have the highest rates of suicide by firearm among seniors (Bar Chart)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Across the country, adults over 70 have the highest suicide rate of any age group. Experts say these deaths may get little attention because society empathizes with struggling older adults who want to control how their lives end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we sometimes don’t talk about them because I think people sort of brush it off as like, it’s understandable or it’s not preventable, and I think that’s the real piece of the narrative that we need to change,” said Dr. Emmy Betz, an emergency medicine doctor and a firearm injury prevention expert at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the deaths are a number of factors, according to research and law enforcement incident reports. These include loneliness and social isolation, depression, financial struggles, illness and pain, and feeling like a burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rural areas, easier access to guns is also a key contributor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unresolved pain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For more than a year before his death, Butler had been in pain. It radiated through his abdomen, making the simple act of urinating an ordeal, Frost said. Last year, in February, a CT scan revealed the problem: a crystal blockage in his urethra. He found a urologist in Redding, one county over. Each visit to the specialist required navigating the hour-long descent down Highway 299, scenic but winding. Frost drove him to the appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Bay Area native with Oklahoma roots, Butler had retired early to Trinity County, nearly 40 years ago. He had worked for large companies, including Hanes and Hostess, and done well in the stock market. Alongside the Trinity River, renowned for its steelhead trout and salmon, he bought cabins for himself and his daughter.[aside postID=news_12065708 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250325-ApartmentsonWestside-06-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s here where Frost’s kids grew up. Butler’s granddaughter Michaela Frost grew up to be a horse lover like her Papa. His grandson Jake Ritter said he could spend hours talking and fishing with his grandfather. His Papa was happiest fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the last months of his life brought Butler little joy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July of 2024, Butler had surgery in Redding to remove the blockage in his urethra. But the pain and discomfort continued through the summer. In September, he was admitted for three days to the emergency room in nearby Weaverville with a severe urinary tract infection. Frost said that during this time she tried to call her dad’s urologist several times to reschedule a follow-up appointment he missed while in the hospital, but she could only reach an answering machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler’s physician assistant in Weaverville called several times too, but no luck, Frost said. The physician assistant “literally threw her hands in the air and said, ‘I can’t get any response.’” That was one of the few times Frost saw her dad cry. “My dad never cried. He was a cowboy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his death, first responders found an undated note in Butler’s home. It began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pain???????\u003cbr>\n!!!!!!!!!!\u003cbr>\nTo much to stand\u003cbr>\nNo Help\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-fall, the infections, desperation and heavy antibiotics use were changing her dad’s mental state, Frost said. He wasn’t interested in fishing. Or watching his 49ers. Or spending time with his wild mustang, Spade, or with the guys down at the Tangle Blue Saloon, where he would order a shot of whisky with a coke back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His cabin grew darker; he no longer drew his camo-print curtains open. Frost estimates that in the span of about a year, Butler lost almost 100 pounds, transforming him from a stout 230-pound man to a fragile version of himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_03-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>Kelly Frost and her father’s horse in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_41-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_31-1024x701.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> Kelly Frost points to a photograph of her dad, Jeffrey Butler. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> A collection of Jeffrey Butler photographs on a table at Kelly Frost’s home in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photos by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Older adults are likely to plan suicide more carefully, and their attempts are more likely to be fatal, according to the National Council on Aging. In California, older women are more likely to overdose, while most older men will use guns, according to state public health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain and health issues are a common thread among older adults who die by gun suicide. State data show that 55% of people 70 and over who died this way had a contributing physical health problem, and 27% had a diagnosed mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"datawrapper-vis-KyQjs\" style=\"min-height: 539px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/KyQjs/full.png\" alt=\"Many older adults who died by gun suicide had a contributing physical health problem (Range Plot)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Among the eight older men that died by gun suicide in Trinity County between 2020 and 2024, two struggled with respiratory conditions. One had recently discovered a bladder tumor. One man’s antidepressants were found near his body, and another had reportedly been speaking about suicide for some time but did not meet the requirements for an involuntary psychiatric hold, according to incident reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The rural divide\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trinity County holds a deep beauty: the rush of the Trinity River, the rising fog on a chilly morning, the sprawling pines that make the rugged mountain sides their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But large supermarkets are a county over, a steep and twisty road away. And so is most of the medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_05-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>Clouds sweep the sky in Trinity County on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have more limited access to essential services and resources compared to the rest of California,” said Cathy Tillman, a health services program manager at Trinity County Health and Human Services. “We have to travel further for all services, which plays a role in the ability for people to get their needs met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s rural counties have more older residents: about 25% compared to the state average of around 17%, according to the SCAN Foundation, an advocacy and research organization for older adults. By 2040, the 85-and-older population in rural California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescanfoundation.org/resource/aging-in-rural-california-policy-brief-series-on-long-term-care-health-and-housing/\">expected to grow 50 times faster\u003c/a> than the working age population. But access to medical and social services for seniors lag significantly when compared to larger, urban regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trinity County has one 25-bed hospital, and a handful of clinics, largely in Weaverville, the county seat. But even reaching Weaverville from other Trinity County communities could take 30 minutes to an hour. For anything more specialized, residents here usually travel an hour to Redding, or two hours for providers in Eureka and Chico. With a small population, Trinity County can’t easily support specialists — like a neurologist or urologist — setting up practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going further for care means people often miss appointments, or delay them, and live longer with pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arina Erwin, deputy director of the county’s health and human services agency, said even some general practitioners who come to Trinity don’t stay long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Living in a small community and a frontier community can be a challenge on its own,” Erwin said. Doctors and specialists have student loans to repay, making cities where they can earn a significantly higher income seem more attractive. For years, the hospital and clinics in Trinity have \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/news/local/trinity-hospital-in-decade-long-struggle-to-hire-doctors\">reported trouble replacing retiring doctors\u003c/a>. Even virtual care here can be a challenge, because broadband is spotty, especially in pockets with only a few dozen residents, Erwin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who live in rural areas also foster a cultural barrier — a rural spirit of sorts. Tillman said they tend to be more independent, and used to doing things on their own terms; they may also be less likely to seek help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost said that sounds familiar. She saw first-hand how her proud, self-reliant, sometimes stubborn father lost his independence as the pain took hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remembering Papa\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Frost’s living room – with the sun shining through the large windows on a December afternoon – memories of Butler, called Papa by his grandkids, stirred both laughter and tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_19-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_06-1024x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> A photograph of Jeffrey Butler is displayed next to holiday items at Kelly Frost’s home. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> Jake Ritter takes a moment to remember his grandfather, Jeffrey Butler in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photos by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a kid, grandson Jake Ritter would get up before sunrise to go fishing with his Papa — sometimes begrudgingly — but by lunchtime they’d be happily eating their catch. He remembers cruising on Butler’s riding lawnmower and watching old westerns with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritter and his sister, Michaela, loved listening to his stories, like the time he shot a bobcat as it launched toward him while he was out deer hunting. He had the bobcat stuffed to prove it. Or how, as a teen in San Pablo, Butler chased and tackled a man trying to rob the Lucky store where he worked. The family still has the news clipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michaela is glad her papa got to meet her first-born, Blake, and wishes her three-month-old, Daniella, could have as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler’s suicide left his family in turmoil and with so many questions. Ritter felt angry at his papa for the way he decided to go. Why do this on his mom’s birthday? Frost often wonders: What were her dad’s last thoughts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a suicide, families are more likely to experience a complicated grieving process, with feelings of guilt, confusion, shame, anger and trauma, research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the year since Butler’s death, Frost’s family has largely relied on each other through their grief. Ritter said his anger at his grandfather has subsided; he is now coming to terms with his Papa’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sad that he didn’t get the help that he needed, and I’m sad that he felt so strongly that this is the road that he chose,” Ritter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost said she gave herself a year to navigate the feelings on her own, but now with the encouragement of friends is considering seeking professional help.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Warning signs and storing guns\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Trinity County, health officials are preparing to launch an injury and suicide prevention program, said Tillman, the county health services program manager. A big component of the county’s strategy will be education to help reduce the stigmas associated with suicide and mental health. Tillman said the plan is to find and train trusted messengers in the small pockets where people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Amy Barnhorst, a psychiatrist and associate director of the \u003ca href=\"https://cvp.ucdavis.edu/\">Centers for Violence Prevention\u003c/a> at UC Davis, said that recognizing a sense of independence and self-reliance common to rural communities is essential to prevention programs. Education around safe gun storage is also key, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t discount the fact that having access to a firearm, period, all other things being equal, increases the risk that somebody will die by suicide by a factor of more than three,” Barnhorst said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She helps lead a state-funded curriculum at UC Davis called \u003ca href=\"https://www.bulletpointsproject.org/\">The BulletPoints Project\u003c/a>, which trains health providers on how to identify at-risk patients and speak to them about gun safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project also trains people applying for and renewing concealed carry weapon permits. Under state law, that category of gun owners must complete at least an hour of mental health training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course aims to help these gun owners identify a mental health crisis. People who already own guns – like Jeff Butler – never had to take a course like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Frost said she doesn’t know if her dad would have accepted mental health help. It was not something they talked about. His will to live wrestled in the words found in his house, the note she still clings closely to. It ends:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What would you do?\u003cbr>\nEnd it???\u003cbr>\nThe pain not life\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since her dad’s passing, Frost has had many sleepless nights, pondering questions and thoughts. She feels she tried her best to get him care, but wishes access had been easier. What signs did she miss? But mostly: Why hadn’t she taken away the guns?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_28-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>Kelly Frost is reflected in a mirror next to Jeffrey Butler’s fishing poles in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Growing up around guns, it never crossed her mind that her Daddy-o would one day turn his revolver on himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Had I known that he was capable of this, I probably would have worked a little harder to make sure that the guns were not accessible,” Frost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Dec. 18, the one year anniversary of Butler’s death and Frost’s 60th birthday, she had a shot of Canadian whisky from the last bottle she gave him. His guns are now in a safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>If you are having suicidal thoughts, you can get help from the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline by calling 988 or visiting \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data shared by the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://datahub.thetrace.org/dataset/gun-suicides-older-americans/\">\u003cem>Gun Violence Data Hub\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> by The Trace. Data analysis and visualizations by Natasha Uzcátegui-Liggett. Additional reporting by Aaron Mendelson. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit www.chcf.org to learn more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2025/12/trinity-county-gun-suicide-rural/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Senior Californians in rural communities are dying by suicide at troubling rates—struggling with pain, cut off from doctors and mental health care, with guns at hand. Access to care and safety planning would help, experts say.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early afternoon of her 59th birthday, Kelly Frost had a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/healthnews\">sinking feeling\u003c/a> in the pit of her stomach. She had lunch with girlfriends near her home in Douglas City — a rural community nestled among the ponderosa pines of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/shasta-county\">Shasta\u003c/a>–\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942299/onetime-enemies-over-logging-are-now-a-community-to-prevent-wildfire\">Trinity National Forest\u003c/a> in Northern California. But she kept thinking about her “Daddy-o,” Jeffrey Butler, her 81-year-old father. He was not returning her calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she drove home around 4 p.m., she stopped to check in on him. Her dad lived in a two-bedroom cabin just up the road from her place. “I was kind of feeling angry with him because he hadn’t answered all day,” Frost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she opened the door, she glanced at the “Papa chair,” his favorite recliner, the spot where she usually found him. He wasn’t there. That’s when she noticed his feet on the kitchen floor. He was slumped over on his right side, a pool of blood around his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost’s first thought was that her dad had taken a fall. She blew an air horn that she and her dad kept around in case they ever needed help. A neighbor met her promptly, and it was he who noticed the revolver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He said, ‘No, Kel, there’s a gun on the counter,’ and then I realized that he had shot himself,” Frost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler died on Dec. 18, 2024 from a self-inflicted gunshot to the head. His death is part of a dark reality — a public health crisis that often goes overlooked: older adults are increasingly turning to guns to end their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_38-1024x695.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>A motel in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, 5,825 adults aged 70 or older died by gun suicide between 2009 and 2023, according to mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://datahub.thetrace.org/dataset/gun-suicides-older-americans/\">provided by the Gun Violence Data Hub\u003c/a>. The numbers are especially stark among older white men in rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Trinity County – population just over 15,600 – at least eight men 70 or older, including Butler, died from an apparent firearm suicide between 2020 and 2024, incident reports from the Trinity County Sheriff’s office show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trinity County isn’t alone. Rural Northern California counties have some of the nation’s highest rates of gun suicides among older adults. Over the course of 15 years, the gun suicide rate of adults 70 and older in Trinity, Tehama, Plumas, Lassen, Glenn, Calaveras, and Amador was 35.6 deaths per 100,000, more than triple the statewide rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"min-height:624px\" id=\"datawrapper-vis-lOl3X\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lOl3X/full.png\" alt=\"Rural counties have the highest rates of suicide by firearm among seniors (Bar Chart)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Across the country, adults over 70 have the highest suicide rate of any age group. Experts say these deaths may get little attention because society empathizes with struggling older adults who want to control how their lives end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we sometimes don’t talk about them because I think people sort of brush it off as like, it’s understandable or it’s not preventable, and I think that’s the real piece of the narrative that we need to change,” said Dr. Emmy Betz, an emergency medicine doctor and a firearm injury prevention expert at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the deaths are a number of factors, according to research and law enforcement incident reports. These include loneliness and social isolation, depression, financial struggles, illness and pain, and feeling like a burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In rural areas, easier access to guns is also a key contributor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unresolved pain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For more than a year before his death, Butler had been in pain. It radiated through his abdomen, making the simple act of urinating an ordeal, Frost said. Last year, in February, a CT scan revealed the problem: a crystal blockage in his urethra. He found a urologist in Redding, one county over. Each visit to the specialist required navigating the hour-long descent down Highway 299, scenic but winding. Frost drove him to the appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Bay Area native with Oklahoma roots, Butler had retired early to Trinity County, nearly 40 years ago. He had worked for large companies, including Hanes and Hostess, and done well in the stock market. Alongside the Trinity River, renowned for its steelhead trout and salmon, he bought cabins for himself and his daughter.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s here where Frost’s kids grew up. Butler’s granddaughter Michaela Frost grew up to be a horse lover like her Papa. His grandson Jake Ritter said he could spend hours talking and fishing with his grandfather. His Papa was happiest fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the last months of his life brought Butler little joy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July of 2024, Butler had surgery in Redding to remove the blockage in his urethra. But the pain and discomfort continued through the summer. In September, he was admitted for three days to the emergency room in nearby Weaverville with a severe urinary tract infection. Frost said that during this time she tried to call her dad’s urologist several times to reschedule a follow-up appointment he missed while in the hospital, but she could only reach an answering machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler’s physician assistant in Weaverville called several times too, but no luck, Frost said. The physician assistant “literally threw her hands in the air and said, ‘I can’t get any response.’” That was one of the few times Frost saw her dad cry. “My dad never cried. He was a cowboy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his death, first responders found an undated note in Butler’s home. It began:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pain???????\u003cbr>\n!!!!!!!!!!\u003cbr>\nTo much to stand\u003cbr>\nNo Help\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-fall, the infections, desperation and heavy antibiotics use were changing her dad’s mental state, Frost said. He wasn’t interested in fishing. Or watching his 49ers. Or spending time with his wild mustang, Spade, or with the guys down at the Tangle Blue Saloon, where he would order a shot of whisky with a coke back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His cabin grew darker; he no longer drew his camo-print curtains open. Frost estimates that in the span of about a year, Butler lost almost 100 pounds, transforming him from a stout 230-pound man to a fragile version of himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_03-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>Kelly Frost and her father’s horse in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_41-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_31-1024x701.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> Kelly Frost points to a photograph of her dad, Jeffrey Butler. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> A collection of Jeffrey Butler photographs on a table at Kelly Frost’s home in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photos by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Older adults are likely to plan suicide more carefully, and their attempts are more likely to be fatal, according to the National Council on Aging. In California, older women are more likely to overdose, while most older men will use guns, according to state public health data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain and health issues are a common thread among older adults who die by gun suicide. State data show that 55% of people 70 and over who died this way had a contributing physical health problem, and 27% had a diagnosed mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"datawrapper-vis-KyQjs\" style=\"min-height: 539px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/KyQjs/full.png\" alt=\"Many older adults who died by gun suicide had a contributing physical health problem (Range Plot)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Among the eight older men that died by gun suicide in Trinity County between 2020 and 2024, two struggled with respiratory conditions. One had recently discovered a bladder tumor. One man’s antidepressants were found near his body, and another had reportedly been speaking about suicide for some time but did not meet the requirements for an involuntary psychiatric hold, according to incident reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The rural divide\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Trinity County holds a deep beauty: the rush of the Trinity River, the rising fog on a chilly morning, the sprawling pines that make the rugged mountain sides their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But large supermarkets are a county over, a steep and twisty road away. And so is most of the medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_05-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>Clouds sweep the sky in Trinity County on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have more limited access to essential services and resources compared to the rest of California,” said Cathy Tillman, a health services program manager at Trinity County Health and Human Services. “We have to travel further for all services, which plays a role in the ability for people to get their needs met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s rural counties have more older residents: about 25% compared to the state average of around 17%, according to the SCAN Foundation, an advocacy and research organization for older adults. By 2040, the 85-and-older population in rural California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescanfoundation.org/resource/aging-in-rural-california-policy-brief-series-on-long-term-care-health-and-housing/\">expected to grow 50 times faster\u003c/a> than the working age population. But access to medical and social services for seniors lag significantly when compared to larger, urban regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trinity County has one 25-bed hospital, and a handful of clinics, largely in Weaverville, the county seat. But even reaching Weaverville from other Trinity County communities could take 30 minutes to an hour. For anything more specialized, residents here usually travel an hour to Redding, or two hours for providers in Eureka and Chico. With a small population, Trinity County can’t easily support specialists — like a neurologist or urologist — setting up practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going further for care means people often miss appointments, or delay them, and live longer with pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arina Erwin, deputy director of the county’s health and human services agency, said even some general practitioners who come to Trinity don’t stay long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Living in a small community and a frontier community can be a challenge on its own,” Erwin said. Doctors and specialists have student loans to repay, making cities where they can earn a significantly higher income seem more attractive. For years, the hospital and clinics in Trinity have \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/news/local/trinity-hospital-in-decade-long-struggle-to-hire-doctors\">reported trouble replacing retiring doctors\u003c/a>. Even virtual care here can be a challenge, because broadband is spotty, especially in pockets with only a few dozen residents, Erwin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who live in rural areas also foster a cultural barrier — a rural spirit of sorts. Tillman said they tend to be more independent, and used to doing things on their own terms; they may also be less likely to seek help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost said that sounds familiar. She saw first-hand how her proud, self-reliant, sometimes stubborn father lost his independence as the pain took hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remembering Papa\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Frost’s living room – with the sun shining through the large windows on a December afternoon – memories of Butler, called Papa by his grandkids, stirred both laughter and tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_19-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_06-1024x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/figure>\u003cfigcaption>\u003cstrong>First:\u003c/strong> A photograph of Jeffrey Butler is displayed next to holiday items at Kelly Frost’s home. \u003cstrong>Last:\u003c/strong> Jake Ritter takes a moment to remember his grandfather, Jeffrey Butler in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photos by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a kid, grandson Jake Ritter would get up before sunrise to go fishing with his Papa — sometimes begrudgingly — but by lunchtime they’d be happily eating their catch. He remembers cruising on Butler’s riding lawnmower and watching old westerns with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritter and his sister, Michaela, loved listening to his stories, like the time he shot a bobcat as it launched toward him while he was out deer hunting. He had the bobcat stuffed to prove it. Or how, as a teen in San Pablo, Butler chased and tackled a man trying to rob the Lucky store where he worked. The family still has the news clipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michaela is glad her papa got to meet her first-born, Blake, and wishes her three-month-old, Daniella, could have as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler’s suicide left his family in turmoil and with so many questions. Ritter felt angry at his papa for the way he decided to go. Why do this on his mom’s birthday? Frost often wonders: What were her dad’s last thoughts?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a suicide, families are more likely to experience a complicated grieving process, with feelings of guilt, confusion, shame, anger and trauma, research shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the year since Butler’s death, Frost’s family has largely relied on each other through their grief. Ritter said his anger at his grandfather has subsided; he is now coming to terms with his Papa’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sad that he didn’t get the help that he needed, and I’m sad that he felt so strongly that this is the road that he chose,” Ritter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frost said she gave herself a year to navigate the feelings on her own, but now with the encouragement of friends is considering seeking professional help.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Warning signs and storing guns\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Trinity County, health officials are preparing to launch an injury and suicide prevention program, said Tillman, the county health services program manager. A big component of the county’s strategy will be education to help reduce the stigmas associated with suicide and mental health. Tillman said the plan is to find and train trusted messengers in the small pockets where people live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Amy Barnhorst, a psychiatrist and associate director of the \u003ca href=\"https://cvp.ucdavis.edu/\">Centers for Violence Prevention\u003c/a> at UC Davis, said that recognizing a sense of independence and self-reliance common to rural communities is essential to prevention programs. Education around safe gun storage is also key, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t discount the fact that having access to a firearm, period, all other things being equal, increases the risk that somebody will die by suicide by a factor of more than three,” Barnhorst said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She helps lead a state-funded curriculum at UC Davis called \u003ca href=\"https://www.bulletpointsproject.org/\">The BulletPoints Project\u003c/a>, which trains health providers on how to identify at-risk patients and speak to them about gun safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project also trains people applying for and renewing concealed carry weapon permits. Under state law, that category of gun owners must complete at least an hour of mental health training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course aims to help these gun owners identify a mental health crisis. People who already own guns – like Jeff Butler – never had to take a course like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Frost said she doesn’t know if her dad would have accepted mental health help. It was not something they talked about. His will to live wrestled in the words found in his house, the note she still clings closely to. It ends:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What would you do?\u003cbr>\nEnd it???\u003cbr>\nThe pain not life\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since her dad’s passing, Frost has had many sleepless nights, pondering questions and thoughts. She feels she tried her best to get him care, but wishes access had been easier. What signs did she miss? But mostly: Why hadn’t she taken away the guns?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/120425_Trinity-Guns_SO_28-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cfigcaption>Kelly Frost is reflected in a mirror next to Jeffrey Butler’s fishing poles in Douglas City on Dec. 4, 2025. Photo by Salvador Ochoa for CalMatters\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Growing up around guns, it never crossed her mind that her Daddy-o would one day turn his revolver on himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Had I known that he was capable of this, I probably would have worked a little harder to make sure that the guns were not accessible,” Frost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Dec. 18, the one year anniversary of Butler’s death and Frost’s 60th birthday, she had a shot of Canadian whisky from the last bottle she gave him. His guns are now in a safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>If you are having suicidal thoughts, you can get help from the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline by calling 988 or visiting \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data shared by the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://datahub.thetrace.org/dataset/gun-suicides-older-americans/\">\u003cem>Gun Violence Data Hub\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> by The Trace. Data analysis and visualizations by Natasha Uzcátegui-Liggett. Additional reporting by Aaron Mendelson. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Supported by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), which works to ensure that people have access to the care they need, when they need it, at a price they can afford. Visit www.chcf.org to learn more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2025/12/trinity-county-gun-suicide-rural/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How to Stay Safe From Avalanches During Tahoe's Winter Storm",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12068281/bay-area-braces-for-storm-that-could-become-a-rare-bomb-cyclone-ahead-of-holiday-travel\">series of winter storms\u003c/a> head toward the Sierra this weekend, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/forecasts/avalanche/central-sierra-nevada#/central-sierra-nevada\">an avalanche watch\u003c/a> has been issued for the region’s backcountry starting Friday and lasting into Saturday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Avalanche Center has, in particular, has rated the danger for Saturday as “high,” saying that “you could easily trigger a large avalanche today if you venture into avalanche terrain.” Updates to the avalanche watch beyond Saturday morning are likely given that high danger may persist through the weekend.[aside postID=news_11937204 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/GettyImages-2013486739-1020x765-1.jpg']“We expect the chances for natural avalanches to decrease once the period of high intensity snowfall this morning comes to an end,” the Center wrote. “At the same time, the chance of a skier, snowboarder, or snowmobiler triggering an avalanche remains elevated all day long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An avalanche has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/mammoth-avalanche-injures-two-21263091.php\">already caused injuries\u003c/a> at Mammoth Mountain in the Eastern Sierras. But avalanches within resort boundaries remain incredibly rare—especially fatal ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Colorado Avalanche Information Center, which keeps \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.state.co.us/accidents/us\">detailed yearly records\u003c/a>, only eight people have \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.state.co.us/accidents/statistics-and-reporting#lg=lightbox-media-gallery-accidents-us&slide=us-fatalities-activity-decade\">died in the last decade\u003c/a> from avalanches within resort boundaries (known as “inbounds”). That’s out of the 248 who have died in total — most being people who were exploring the backcountry or ducking under barriers to go out of bounds at resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#avalanche\">What to do if you’re caught in an avalanche\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you’re planning on heading up to the mountains this winter, keep reading for what to know about avalanches — why they happen, how to prepare for the worst, and what to do if you’re caught in an avalanche yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to be prepared for avalanches\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re venturing into the backcountry — which means beyond the boundaries of a ski resort — then you need to take \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.org/avalanche-courses/\">an avalanche safety course\u003c/a>. This will give you far more detail in understanding avalanche conditions and rescue protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re planning to stay primarily in a resort or mountain park, then you should still know the basics — many of which you can learn through the National Avalanche Center’s \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.org/avalanche-education/\">free course videos and educational materials on avalanches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important rule is not to venture into closed areas of the resort and not to “duck” under out-of-bounds ropes. Pay attention to any alerts or warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/sac-daily-flow-user-guide\">The Sierra Avalanche Center has also created a daily flow guide\u003c/a> for a simple way to understand the best practices when skiing and snowboarding in the Sierra. This includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Skiing with other people and knowing their abilities in advance\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Knowing the conditions and avalanche risk before you go\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Having a safety and rescue plan and bringing avalanche equipment.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>How do I know what the avalanche conditions are?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Check, check, check the forecasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Avalanche Center, along with a number of avalanche experts and offices around the West, puts out \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/forecasts/#/central-sierra-nevada\">daily forecasts with predicted avalanche dangers\u003c/a> and conditions to watch out for. They also put out \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/state-of-the-snowpack/current\">weekly overall updates on the state of the snowpack\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/how-to-read-avalanche-advisory\">reading an avalanche advisory\u003c/a> in detail does require some background knowledge. If you plan to stay within the resorts, then the “bottom line” information (which is listed at the top) supplied in the advisory forecasts should give you the main takeaways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good rule is to pay attention to the warning signs that an avalanche could happen when you’re out in the snow. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/sac-daily-flow-user-guide\">the Sierra Avalanche Center’s daily flow guide\u003c/a>, these include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Recent avalanche activity in the area\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Signs of instability in the snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recent “loading” (i.e., storms)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Rapid warming or weather changes\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Terrain with a slope greater than 30 degrees\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Terrain or hillsides that match the advisory warnings.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do avalanches happen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/avalanche-problems\">different kinds of avalanches\u003c/a> that come with different kinds of warning signs and frequency. The two main kinds are dry-loose or sluff avalanches — which are made up of soft snow that collects as it moves — and slab avalanches, which occur when a cohesive layer of snow breaks and moves as a slab downhill. The Palisades avalanches this week were believed to be slab avalanches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/19193/the-science-of-snow\">The science of how snow layers form and break\u003c/a> is complicated, but in essence, avalanches occur when there’s a surface bed of snow at the bottom, with a weaker layer of snow on top — and then new snow on top of that weaker layer. This creates \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/anticipate-conditions\">conditions\u003c/a> where the weaker layer can collapse, and the mass of snow on top can fracture and slide. While this can happen naturally, human activity almost always triggers avalanches, causing the weaker layer to collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things that can affect the likelihood of an avalanche occurring are, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5444915.pdf\">according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (PDF)\u003c/a>: The instability of the snowpack, the recent weather and snowfall, and the terrain. Avalanches are most likely immediately after a large storm when there has been significant snowfall. Heavy wind that quickly blows in large amounts of snow on top of an existing layer can also cause dangerous conditions. Slight melting and refreezing each night can stabilize the snowpack — but extended periods of out-of-the-ordinary weather changes can cause instability. Even whether or not a slope faces the sun, and the steepness of that slope, can affect the probability of an avalanche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within resorts, ski patrols monitor these conditions and conduct avalanche controls — deliberately setting off small avalanches to keep the potential for larger ones from building up. In the backcountry, it’s important to be aware of all these changing variables since you won’t have ski patrols around to do it for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is avalanche equipment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the backcountry, avalanche equipment includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An avalanche beacon and receiver\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A probe to stick in the ground to locate someone trapped\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A shovel to dig someone out.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Many jackets and ski pants also now come with \u003ca href=\"https://recco.com/technology/\">a RECCO reflector\u003c/a> built in. This small transmitter looks like a label or tag on your coat, pants, helmet or backpack, which transmits to receivers operated by patrols or rescue crews. This is not considered a replacement for an avalanche beacon, but it can augment rescue efforts and is an easy add-on to have inbounds at a resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"avalanche\">\u003c/a>What should I do if I get caught in an avalanche?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>First and foremost, try to get off the slab or out of the oncoming avalanche track. This is, of course, not always easy to accomplish since avalanches can travel between 60 mph and 80 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Avalanche Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/FAQ\">recommends two techniques for escaping the path of an avalanche\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you’re skiing or snowboarding, try to head straight downhill to build up some speed, and then angle off to the side to get off the slab.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re snowmobiling, use the momentum and power to your advantage and continue in the direction you’re going to try to get out of dangerous snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The reason people die in avalanches is because the carbon dioxide in the area around their mouth, where they are buried, builds up. If they’re rescued within the first 15 minutes, there is a nearly 93% survival rate, according to stats published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/avalanche-victim-resuscitation\">the American Avalanche Association\u003c/a> — but it drops drastically with every additional minute. This is why it’s crucial to take steps to increase the likelihood that you can be found and rescued quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you get caught in an avalanche and can’t escape, you can try to grab onto a tree. But you’ll have to do this very quickly because avalanches pick up speed within seconds — and getting carried at speed into a tree or boulder is a common source of fatal trauma in an avalanche.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you can’t escape or grab onto a tree, then you need to “swim.” Because people are likely to sink in the avalanche debris, it’s important to swim hard to try and keep yourself near the surface.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear a space for air in front of your mouth as the avalanche slows down just before it comes to rest. This will give you slightly longer before the carbon dioxide builds up.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Push a hand up (or your best guess of what “up” is) because any clues will help people find you faster.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remember: All of these things must be done while the debris and snow are still moving — because once the snow stops, it will instantly be too thick and heavy for you to move.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you see someone caught in an avalanche, do not try to ski or snowmobile over to them while it is occurring — no matter how strong your instinct is to reach them to help out. Instead, you are likely to get caught in the avalanche yourself. You should try to note their starting position and where they end up, and then immediately start searching for them after the avalanche stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story, originally published in 2024, contains additional reporting by KQED’s Carly Severn and Sarah Wright.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As a series of winter storms head toward the Sierra, an avalanche watch has been issued for the region's backcountry. Here's what to know about avalanche risks and your safety on the mountain.",
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"title": "Avalanche Risk in Tahoe: What to Know Amid Winter Storm | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12068281/bay-area-braces-for-storm-that-could-become-a-rare-bomb-cyclone-ahead-of-holiday-travel\">series of winter storms\u003c/a> head toward the Sierra this weekend, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/forecasts/avalanche/central-sierra-nevada#/central-sierra-nevada\">an avalanche watch\u003c/a> has been issued for the region’s backcountry starting Friday and lasting into Saturday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Avalanche Center has, in particular, has rated the danger for Saturday as “high,” saying that “you could easily trigger a large avalanche today if you venture into avalanche terrain.” Updates to the avalanche watch beyond Saturday morning are likely given that high danger may persist through the weekend.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We expect the chances for natural avalanches to decrease once the period of high intensity snowfall this morning comes to an end,” the Center wrote. “At the same time, the chance of a skier, snowboarder, or snowmobiler triggering an avalanche remains elevated all day long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An avalanche has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/mammoth-avalanche-injures-two-21263091.php\">already caused injuries\u003c/a> at Mammoth Mountain in the Eastern Sierras. But avalanches within resort boundaries remain incredibly rare—especially fatal ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Colorado Avalanche Information Center, which keeps \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.state.co.us/accidents/us\">detailed yearly records\u003c/a>, only eight people have \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.state.co.us/accidents/statistics-and-reporting#lg=lightbox-media-gallery-accidents-us&slide=us-fatalities-activity-decade\">died in the last decade\u003c/a> from avalanches within resort boundaries (known as “inbounds”). That’s out of the 248 who have died in total — most being people who were exploring the backcountry or ducking under barriers to go out of bounds at resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#avalanche\">What to do if you’re caught in an avalanche\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you’re planning on heading up to the mountains this winter, keep reading for what to know about avalanches — why they happen, how to prepare for the worst, and what to do if you’re caught in an avalanche yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to be prepared for avalanches\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re venturing into the backcountry — which means beyond the boundaries of a ski resort — then you need to take \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.org/avalanche-courses/\">an avalanche safety course\u003c/a>. This will give you far more detail in understanding avalanche conditions and rescue protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re planning to stay primarily in a resort or mountain park, then you should still know the basics — many of which you can learn through the National Avalanche Center’s \u003ca href=\"https://avalanche.org/avalanche-education/\">free course videos and educational materials on avalanches\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important rule is not to venture into closed areas of the resort and not to “duck” under out-of-bounds ropes. Pay attention to any alerts or warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/sac-daily-flow-user-guide\">The Sierra Avalanche Center has also created a daily flow guide\u003c/a> for a simple way to understand the best practices when skiing and snowboarding in the Sierra. This includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Skiing with other people and knowing their abilities in advance\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Knowing the conditions and avalanche risk before you go\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Having a safety and rescue plan and bringing avalanche equipment.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>How do I know what the avalanche conditions are?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Check, check, check the forecasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Avalanche Center, along with a number of avalanche experts and offices around the West, puts out \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/forecasts/#/central-sierra-nevada\">daily forecasts with predicted avalanche dangers\u003c/a> and conditions to watch out for. They also put out \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/state-of-the-snowpack/current\">weekly overall updates on the state of the snowpack\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/how-to-read-avalanche-advisory\">reading an avalanche advisory\u003c/a> in detail does require some background knowledge. If you plan to stay within the resorts, then the “bottom line” information (which is listed at the top) supplied in the advisory forecasts should give you the main takeaways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good rule is to pay attention to the warning signs that an avalanche could happen when you’re out in the snow. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/sac-daily-flow-user-guide\">the Sierra Avalanche Center’s daily flow guide\u003c/a>, these include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Recent avalanche activity in the area\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Signs of instability in the snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recent “loading” (i.e., storms)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Rapid warming or weather changes\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Terrain with a slope greater than 30 degrees\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Terrain or hillsides that match the advisory warnings.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do avalanches happen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/avalanche-problems\">different kinds of avalanches\u003c/a> that come with different kinds of warning signs and frequency. The two main kinds are dry-loose or sluff avalanches — which are made up of soft snow that collects as it moves — and slab avalanches, which occur when a cohesive layer of snow breaks and moves as a slab downhill. The Palisades avalanches this week were believed to be slab avalanches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/19193/the-science-of-snow\">The science of how snow layers form and break\u003c/a> is complicated, but in essence, avalanches occur when there’s a surface bed of snow at the bottom, with a weaker layer of snow on top — and then new snow on top of that weaker layer. This creates \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/anticipate-conditions\">conditions\u003c/a> where the weaker layer can collapse, and the mass of snow on top can fracture and slide. While this can happen naturally, human activity almost always triggers avalanches, causing the weaker layer to collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things that can affect the likelihood of an avalanche occurring are, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5444915.pdf\">according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (PDF)\u003c/a>: The instability of the snowpack, the recent weather and snowfall, and the terrain. Avalanches are most likely immediately after a large storm when there has been significant snowfall. Heavy wind that quickly blows in large amounts of snow on top of an existing layer can also cause dangerous conditions. Slight melting and refreezing each night can stabilize the snowpack — but extended periods of out-of-the-ordinary weather changes can cause instability. Even whether or not a slope faces the sun, and the steepness of that slope, can affect the probability of an avalanche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within resorts, ski patrols monitor these conditions and conduct avalanche controls — deliberately setting off small avalanches to keep the potential for larger ones from building up. In the backcountry, it’s important to be aware of all these changing variables since you won’t have ski patrols around to do it for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is avalanche equipment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the backcountry, avalanche equipment includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An avalanche beacon and receiver\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A probe to stick in the ground to locate someone trapped\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A shovel to dig someone out.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Many jackets and ski pants also now come with \u003ca href=\"https://recco.com/technology/\">a RECCO reflector\u003c/a> built in. This small transmitter looks like a label or tag on your coat, pants, helmet or backpack, which transmits to receivers operated by patrols or rescue crews. This is not considered a replacement for an avalanche beacon, but it can augment rescue efforts and is an easy add-on to have inbounds at a resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"avalanche\">\u003c/a>What should I do if I get caught in an avalanche?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>First and foremost, try to get off the slab or out of the oncoming avalanche track. This is, of course, not always easy to accomplish since avalanches can travel between 60 mph and 80 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Avalanche Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/FAQ\">recommends two techniques for escaping the path of an avalanche\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you’re skiing or snowboarding, try to head straight downhill to build up some speed, and then angle off to the side to get off the slab.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re snowmobiling, use the momentum and power to your advantage and continue in the direction you’re going to try to get out of dangerous snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The reason people die in avalanches is because the carbon dioxide in the area around their mouth, where they are buried, builds up. If they’re rescued within the first 15 minutes, there is a nearly 93% survival rate, according to stats published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraavalanchecenter.org/avalanche-victim-resuscitation\">the American Avalanche Association\u003c/a> — but it drops drastically with every additional minute. This is why it’s crucial to take steps to increase the likelihood that you can be found and rescued quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>If you get caught in an avalanche and can’t escape, you can try to grab onto a tree. But you’ll have to do this very quickly because avalanches pick up speed within seconds — and getting carried at speed into a tree or boulder is a common source of fatal trauma in an avalanche.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you can’t escape or grab onto a tree, then you need to “swim.” Because people are likely to sink in the avalanche debris, it’s important to swim hard to try and keep yourself near the surface.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Clear a space for air in front of your mouth as the avalanche slows down just before it comes to rest. This will give you slightly longer before the carbon dioxide builds up.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Push a hand up (or your best guess of what “up” is) because any clues will help people find you faster.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remember: All of these things must be done while the debris and snow are still moving — because once the snow stops, it will instantly be too thick and heavy for you to move.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you see someone caught in an avalanche, do not try to ski or snowmobile over to them while it is occurring — no matter how strong your instinct is to reach them to help out. Instead, you are likely to get caught in the avalanche yourself. You should try to note their starting position and where they end up, and then immediately start searching for them after the avalanche stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story, originally published in 2024, contains additional reporting by KQED’s Carly Severn and Sarah Wright.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Composer Reena Esmail's Sitars and Symphonies; Exploring Point Richmond's Fairy Houses",
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"content": "\u003cp>With just weeks to go before the Tournament of Roses Parade, the noise level — and stress level — were rising at a warehouse in the foothill town of Sierra Madre, just north of Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I woke up and I was like, in panic mode,” florist and longtime Sierra Madre Rose Float Association volunteer Ann McKenzie said. “(From now) until Jan. 2nd, our world is totally absorbed. We’re in a float-driven world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKenzie is part of the small, core group of year-round volunteer float builders. As lead florist and project coordinator, her job is arguably one of the most important: overseeing the float’s overall floral design and purchasing all of the flowers that will carpet its massive 53-foot long frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this afternoon, amid a din of welding torches, electric saws and booming classic rock music, McKenzie and other volunteers haggled over those design ideas, crunching the numbers on flower purchases and crunching peanut shells for use on the float.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068256\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068256\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the more than three dozen floats covered in flowers that’ll be rolling through the city of Pasadena on New Years Day, only five are built by community groups like Sierra Madre. They’ve been building floats for the parade for 108 years, and this year’s theme is special: the float celebrates first responders and the role they played in protecting Sierra Madre from January’s deadly Eaton Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The theme this year is the magic in teamwork and that encapsulates exactly what we are, because we are volunteer run and donation driven,” said the association’s social media chief, and volunteer coordinator Hannah Jungbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are one of the towns that lost houses during the Eaton Canyon fire, and this is a nod and homage to the brave people that helped put out those fires,” Jungbauer said, adding that the crew is walking a fine line between whimsy and respectful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the float was still just a raw skeleton of steel rebar, wire meshing and wood framing. But by early December, playfully surreal imagery began to emerge.[aside postID=news_12043312 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/CLAIRE-SCHWARTZ-L-AND-NINA-RAJ-WITH-A-CHILD_S-DRAWING-RECOVERED-BY-RAJ-AFTER-THE-EATON-FIRE-KQED-1020x765.jpg']On one end of the float, there’s a 9-foot maple syrup bottle with a firehose attached to the top. On the other end, a butter dish the size of a Mini Cooper and a 9-foot stack of pancakes. McKenzie said the faux flapjacks will be sprayed in a flowered shower of faux pancake syrup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it’s pouring out, it becomes floral and it becomes chocolate roses, coffee break roses and different types of mum [flowers]‘s and it’s just kind of flowing over the side,” McKenzie explained. “It’s going to be really beautiful syrup, it’s going to be a lot!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody knows the firehouse pancake breakfast and it’s always a positive fun event,” lead builder Kurt Kulhavy said. We were able to acknowledge our firefighters [with this design] and do it in a very positive and fun way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also going to be completely dismantled shortly after the float’s big day on New Year’s morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell people it’s the biggest piñata you’ll ever build, that] needs to last for a day,” Kulhavy said. “We tear it down every year! The Rose Parade is the Olympics of float building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the only parts not scrapped or sold off each year are the float’s engine and chassis. This year’s version is also a bit more ambitious in size and scope than in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068258\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068258\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vision for the final product of Sierra Madre’s Rose Parade Float. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jungbauer says that means more flowers, more flax seeds and other organic materials used to cover and colorize the float. Everything parade watchers see on New Year’s Day should be edible, otherwise you’ll get dinged by Rose Committee judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can see it on a float, you can eat it. If it’s not a fresh floral, you can eat it,” explained Jungbauer. “It will be sushi paper for eyeballs, rice with a nice pearlescent to emulate plastic, or it will be silver leaf that we’re cutting up to show chrome. Everything must be 100% covered in organic material, be it dried or alive,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump administration tariffs leading to spikes in the cost of rose float building essentials like flowers and steel, that’s led to some creative short-cutting. Sierra Madre often trades flowers, scrap wood or other materials with the handful of DIY, volunteer-driven float builders, like the nearby communities of South Pasadena and La Cañada-Flintridge, none of whom have corporate funding or sponsorships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some organizations have endowments that fund them, some have city funding, we don’t have any of that,” Kulhavy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said commercially built Rose Parade floats probably cost around $400,000. He’s heard of other makers scraping pennies together to complete a build for around $120,000.[aside postID=news_12033286 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250312_Stay-Behinds_JB_00010-1020x680.jpg']“We do ours for like $50,000. And so, you use building techniques which are very efficient, (but) still have to hold up,” Kulhavy explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We] still have to get through the parade, still have to pass all the safety inspections. We get very lean on our materials to make it hold up well, but no extra,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Kulhavy’s trusted mechanics is Justin Roberts. At 19 years old, Roberts is already a float building veteran. His grandparents, who were also volunteer float builders, brought him to the Sierra Madre warehouse as a toddler. Soon enough, he began doing odd jobs like sweeping up the warehouse. This year he’s not only helping build the float from the bottom up, he’s also the co-driver on parade day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts says he’s grown accustomed to working on the float through New Year’s Eve and into the wee hours of New Year’s Day, until it’s nearly time to embark on the 5-mile Rose Parade route. Then he’d go home, catch a few hours of shuteye, and watch the parade on TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen it in person,” Roberts said. “It’s going to be awesome. You see the crowd along Colorado Boulevard, you know, a lot of people come from far away to see the Rose Parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given the theme of Sierra Madre’s float this year, Roberts is an inspired choice to take the wheel as co-driver. He’s studying to become a California wildland firefighter, and hopes to begin his career next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKenzie is part of the small, core group of year-round volunteer float builders. As lead florist and project coordinator, her job is arguably one of the most important: overseeing the float’s overall floral design and purchasing all of the flowers that will carpet its massive 53-foot long frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this afternoon, amid a din of welding torches, electric saws and booming classic rock music, McKenzie and other volunteers haggled over those design ideas, crunching the numbers on flower purchases and crunching peanut shells for use on the float.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068256\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068256\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3025-scaled-e1766436157234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of the more than three dozen floats covered in flowers that’ll be rolling through the city of Pasadena on New Years Day, only five are built by community groups like Sierra Madre. They’ve been building floats for the parade for 108 years, and this year’s theme is special: the float celebrates first responders and the role they played in protecting Sierra Madre from January’s deadly Eaton Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The theme this year is the magic in teamwork and that encapsulates exactly what we are, because we are volunteer run and donation driven,” said the association’s social media chief, and volunteer coordinator Hannah Jungbauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are one of the towns that lost houses during the Eaton Canyon fire, and this is a nod and homage to the brave people that helped put out those fires,” Jungbauer said, adding that the crew is walking a fine line between whimsy and respectful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the float was still just a raw skeleton of steel rebar, wire meshing and wood framing. But by early December, playfully surreal imagery began to emerge.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On one end of the float, there’s a 9-foot maple syrup bottle with a firehose attached to the top. On the other end, a butter dish the size of a Mini Cooper and a 9-foot stack of pancakes. McKenzie said the faux flapjacks will be sprayed in a flowered shower of faux pancake syrup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it’s pouring out, it becomes floral and it becomes chocolate roses, coffee break roses and different types of mum [flowers]‘s and it’s just kind of flowing over the side,” McKenzie explained. “It’s going to be really beautiful syrup, it’s going to be a lot!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of the wide float deck sits a life-sized, replica firetruck built from scrap wood and metal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody knows the firehouse pancake breakfast and it’s always a positive fun event,” lead builder Kurt Kulhavy said. We were able to acknowledge our firefighters [with this design] and do it in a very positive and fun way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also going to be completely dismantled shortly after the float’s big day on New Year’s morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell people it’s the biggest piñata you’ll ever build, that] needs to last for a day,” Kulhavy said. “We tear it down every year! The Rose Parade is the Olympics of float building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the only parts not scrapped or sold off each year are the float’s engine and chassis. This year’s version is also a bit more ambitious in size and scope than in years past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068258\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_2881-scaled-e1766436574141.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068258\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vision for the final product of Sierra Madre’s Rose Parade Float. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jungbauer says that means more flowers, more flax seeds and other organic materials used to cover and colorize the float. Everything parade watchers see on New Year’s Day should be edible, otherwise you’ll get dinged by Rose Committee judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can see it on a float, you can eat it. If it’s not a fresh floral, you can eat it,” explained Jungbauer. “It will be sushi paper for eyeballs, rice with a nice pearlescent to emulate plastic, or it will be silver leaf that we’re cutting up to show chrome. Everything must be 100% covered in organic material, be it dried or alive,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump administration tariffs leading to spikes in the cost of rose float building essentials like flowers and steel, that’s led to some creative short-cutting. Sierra Madre often trades flowers, scrap wood or other materials with the handful of DIY, volunteer-driven float builders, like the nearby communities of South Pasadena and La Cañada-Flintridge, none of whom have corporate funding or sponsorships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some organizations have endowments that fund them, some have city funding, we don’t have any of that,” Kulhavy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said commercially built Rose Parade floats probably cost around $400,000. He’s heard of other makers scraping pennies together to complete a build for around $120,000.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We do ours for like $50,000. And so, you use building techniques which are very efficient, (but) still have to hold up,” Kulhavy explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We] still have to get through the parade, still have to pass all the safety inspections. We get very lean on our materials to make it hold up well, but no extra,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Kulhavy’s trusted mechanics is Justin Roberts. At 19 years old, Roberts is already a float building veteran. His grandparents, who were also volunteer float builders, brought him to the Sierra Madre warehouse as a toddler. Soon enough, he began doing odd jobs like sweeping up the warehouse. This year he’s not only helping build the float from the bottom up, he’s also the co-driver on parade day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts says he’s grown accustomed to working on the float through New Year’s Eve and into the wee hours of New Year’s Day, until it’s nearly time to embark on the 5-mile Rose Parade route. Then he’d go home, catch a few hours of shuteye, and watch the parade on TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen it in person,” Roberts said. “It’s going to be awesome. You see the crowd along Colorado Boulevard, you know, a lot of people come from far away to see the Rose Parade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And given the theme of Sierra Madre’s float this year, Roberts is an inspired choice to take the wheel as co-driver. He’s studying to become a California wildland firefighter, and hopes to begin his career next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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