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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/elon-musk\">Elon Musk\u003c/a> has been found liable for attempting to drive down Twitter’s stock price ahead of his $44 billion takeover of the company four years ago, a federal jury in San Francisco decided Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys said the world’s wealthiest person will owe an estimated $2.1 billion in damages to former shareholders in the company, who say they lost out on earnings when they sold their stocks at deflated prices amid Musk’s public waffling over his 2022 acquisition deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The jury’s verdict sends a strong message that just because you’re a rich and powerful person, you still have to obey the law and no man is above the law,” attorney Mark Molumphy, who represented the shareholders, said after the verdict was read Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for Musk declined to comment on the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class action lawsuit accused Musk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076663/lawsuit-accusing-elon-musk-of-tanking-twitter-share-price-goes-to-jury\">making misleading statements\u003c/a> to hurt Twitter’s stock price with the intent to renegotiate a cheaper price in the months it took to close the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weekslong civil trial focused primarily on statements he made in May 2022, a month after signing the binding purchase agreement, speculating that the number of bots on Twitter was much higher than the company publicly reported and suggesting that the deal could be put on pause as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12029287\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12029287\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elon Musk speaks at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) at the National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland, on Feb. 20, 2025. \u003ccite>(Valerie Plesch/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Securities and Exchange Commission filings at the time, Twitter reported that spam accounts made up about 5% of its daily users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testifying earlier this month, Musk said that in early May 2022, he asked then-CEO Parag Agrawal and CFO Ned Segal how the company determined that percentage, and did not get a clear answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, he tweeted that the deal was “temporarily on hold” pending that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after that, he posted that he was “still committed to the acquisition,” but the following Monday, he tweeted again, suggesting that up to 20% of Twitter users could be bots. In the time between those posts, the company’s stock dropped nearly 18%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stand, Musk said he was only speaking his mind with his tweets and had not intended to manipulate the market. He also maintained his belief that the company had misrepresented the number of bots, saying at times he felt like up to 90% of comments on his posts were from spam accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He deflected blame for investors’ lost earnings, saying that “if somebody had simply held on to their position … the vast number of people benefited greatly from the acquisition.”[aside postID=news_12076608 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Billboard-AI-Illustration_6.jpg'] Ultimately, the deal closed at its original price point in October 2022, after Twitter sued Musk, accusing him of trying to back out of the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molumphy told reporters on Friday that the verdict was a victory not only for shareholders but also for Twitter as a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was basically saying the company was a sham,” he said. Before Musk’s takeover, he said, “Twitter was an important institution in San Francisco. It was not a sham; it was a real company, and the way he dragged it through the mud in order to basically get a better deal was atrocious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys believed the ruling was the first time a jury had held Musk liable for his statements on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, this will have a real chilling effect,” said Monte Mann, a Chicago-based business litigation partner. “Executives and dealmakers will need to think carefully about how public statements can be interpreted — not just as disclosure, but as part of the negotiation itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maximum cost to Musk could be closer to $2.6 billion, accounting for both shares and stock options, the plaintiffs’ lawyers estimated. They said that it will likely take about six months for class members to receive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it’ll be well earned,” attorney Joseph Cotchett said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for Musk declined to comment on the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The class action lawsuit accused Musk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076663/lawsuit-accusing-elon-musk-of-tanking-twitter-share-price-goes-to-jury\">making misleading statements\u003c/a> to hurt Twitter’s stock price with the intent to renegotiate a cheaper price in the months it took to close the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weekslong civil trial focused primarily on statements he made in May 2022, a month after signing the binding purchase agreement, speculating that the number of bots on Twitter was much higher than the company publicly reported and suggesting that the deal could be put on pause as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12029287\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12029287\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/ElonMuskGetty-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elon Musk speaks at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) at the National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland, on Feb. 20, 2025. \u003ccite>(Valerie Plesch/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Securities and Exchange Commission filings at the time, Twitter reported that spam accounts made up about 5% of its daily users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testifying earlier this month, Musk said that in early May 2022, he asked then-CEO Parag Agrawal and CFO Ned Segal how the company determined that percentage, and did not get a clear answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days later, he tweeted that the deal was “temporarily on hold” pending that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after that, he posted that he was “still committed to the acquisition,” but the following Monday, he tweeted again, suggesting that up to 20% of Twitter users could be bots. In the time between those posts, the company’s stock dropped nearly 18%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stand, Musk said he was only speaking his mind with his tweets and had not intended to manipulate the market. He also maintained his belief that the company had misrepresented the number of bots, saying at times he felt like up to 90% of comments on his posts were from spam accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He deflected blame for investors’ lost earnings, saying that “if somebody had simply held on to their position … the vast number of people benefited greatly from the acquisition.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Ultimately, the deal closed at its original price point in October 2022, after Twitter sued Musk, accusing him of trying to back out of the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molumphy told reporters on Friday that the verdict was a victory not only for shareholders but also for Twitter as a company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was basically saying the company was a sham,” he said. Before Musk’s takeover, he said, “Twitter was an important institution in San Francisco. It was not a sham; it was a real company, and the way he dragged it through the mud in order to basically get a better deal was atrocious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys believed the ruling was the first time a jury had held Musk liable for his statements on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, this will have a real chilling effect,” said Monte Mann, a Chicago-based business litigation partner. “Executives and dealmakers will need to think carefully about how public statements can be interpreted — not just as disclosure, but as part of the negotiation itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maximum cost to Musk could be closer to $2.6 billion, accounting for both shares and stock options, the plaintiffs’ lawyers estimated. They said that it will likely take about six months for class members to receive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it’ll be well earned,” attorney Joseph Cotchett said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077101/this-san-francisco-post-office-is-the-only-address-some-residents-have\">\u003cb>This San Francisco Post Office Is the Only Address Some Residents Have\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In San Francisco’s Tenderloin neighborhood, there’s a unique post office. It’s the U.S. Postal Service General Delivery Unit — a mail service where people who don’t have a permanent address can pick up mail. For the past decade, it’s been a lifeline in a district that’s home to 2,000 unhoused residents, allowing them to receive items like ID cards and Social Security checks. We spend an afternoon at General Delivery with reporter Erin Bump. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Erika Oba On Weaving Asian American History Into Her Music \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the 1970s, Asian American jazz artists found inspiration in Black musicians who used music as a tool for social change. They experimented with different styles alongside those musicians. They introduced instruments from their cultures to the genre, like taiko drums and the koto. The result was a new kind of sound, and a reflection of Asian America’s emerging political power.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, the legacy continues. And as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/2026-02-11/erika-oba-plays-music-with-her-ancestors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KALW’s Cara Nguyen\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> discovered, there’s a new generation of Asian American jazz musicians like pianist Erika Oba, who are asking what it means to make music that honors this rich history, and speaks to the moment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13984173/shelterwood-collective-soloar-punk-farms-lgbtq-history-russian-river\">\u003cb>A Queer Climate Movement Takes Root Along the Russian River\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sonoma County’s Russian River has been a destination for queer folks for more than a century. But these days, as a new generation is seeing the impact of climate change on the area, they’re doing more than vacationing. KQED climate reporter Ezra David Romero introduces us to a couple getting their hands dirty and creating a refuge for other LGBTQ folks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"slug": "cesar-chavez-was-a-hero-to-farmworkers-now-they-confront-the-pain-of-alleged-abuse",
"title": "César Chavez Was a Hero to Farmworkers. Now They Confront the Pain of Alleged Abuse",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077473/cesar-chavez-fue-un-heroe-para-los-trabajadores-agricolas-ellos-ahora-enfrentan-un-legado-mas-complicado\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As word of the damning sexual abuse \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076859/california-reacts-to-shocking-cesar-chavez-sexual-misconduct-revelations\">accusations against César Chavez\u003c/a> spread this week, California’s farmworking communities struggled to process and reconcile the disturbing details with the image of a labor icon and civil rights fighter many considered a hero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by phone, people described feeling stunned and disjointed after learning the news from a neighbor’s call, conversations with relatives, work meetings or social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost too difficult to believe what is happening,” Maria García Hernández, a farmworker for more than 30 years, said in Spanish on Wednesday afternoon. The 52-year-old, who lives in Tulare County, said she and her parents benefited from Chavez’s advocacy to include undocumented farmworkers in the last major comprehensive immigration reform in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still can’t quite believe it — that such a courageous person who fought for all of us to ensure we had shade, water, clean restrooms, better working conditions, that such a person, so dedicated to the people … could do that,” said García, who seeds and harvests plants in a job represented by the United Farm Workers, the union that Chavez and Dolores Huerta co-founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta, now 95, revealed for the first time publicly that Chavez manipulated her into sex and raped her in the 1960s, telling \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> that the two encounters each left her pregnant. \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>Times’\u003c/em> multi-year investigation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/18/us/cesar-chavez-sexual-abuse-allegations-ufw.html\">published Wednesday\u003c/a>, also detailed accusations by two women, daughters of union organizers, who said Chavez sexually abused them when they were children in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076915\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076915\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmworker picks grapes at a field in Fresno on Sept. 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Rolando Hernandez first heard about the allegations from coworkers during a job training meeting, the former agricultural worker was confused. He thought the discussion must be about someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Excuse me, but which César Chavez are you talking about?” Hernandez, 33, asked at the gathering. “Because I only know of one César Chavez who fought for farmworkers’ rights so that there’d be better wages and not so much injustice in the fields.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one,” came the response, leaving Hernandez speechless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It landed really heavy,” said Hernandez, an outreach educator for a Fresno-based farmworker nonprofit who began harvesting chile fields as a 14-year-old in Arizona before working with grapes and oranges in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077014/california-weighs-renaming-parks-streets-after-cesar-chavez-amid-abuse-allegations\">fallout from the revelations\u003c/a> was almost immediate. California lawmakers announced they plan to rename the state holiday named after Chavez as Farmworkers Day. Cities, states and organizations, including the UFW, moved to postpone or cancel celebrations planned for March 31 in honor of the Mexican American labor leader’s birthday. Officials are considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077059/san-francisco-fought-to-name-a-major-street-after-cesar-chavez-will-it-be-renamed-again\">renaming streets\u003c/a>, parks, libraries, schools and other buildings named after Chavez.[aside postID=news_12077059 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260319-CESAR-CHAVEZ-STREET-MD-01-KQED.jpg']For decades, Chavez and Huerta’s collaboration to advance farmworker rights has been celebrated in children’s textbooks, biographies, movies and parades. Now, mothers like García are troubled that more was not done sooner to prevent and respond to the alleged attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel for them; it really pains me in the bottom of my soul what happened to them,” García said. “But if what happened is true, why wasn’t it spoken of a long time ago? Why now?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez died in 1993. Huerta said she stayed silent for 60 years because she feared hurting the reputation of a man who became the face of the Mexican American civil rights movement, known for national boycotts, marches and strikes that achieved significant gains for thousands of farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I carried this secret for as long as I did because building the movement and securing farmworker rights was my life’s work,” Huerta said in a statement after the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> investigation was published. “I have never identified myself as a victim, but I now understand that I am a survivor — of violence, of sexual abuse, of domineering men who saw me, and other women, as property, or things to control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luz Gallegos, whose childhood experiences accompanying her parents to UFW pickets and marches inspired her to become a farmworker advocate, said she felt shattered by the revelations. Now the director of TODEC Legal Center, an immigrant and farmworker nonprofit in the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley, Gallegos praised the courage of Huerta and the other victims who carried their pain before choosing to speak up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stand with our compañera Dolores Huerta and the survivors. What has been revealed is very painful and deeply disturbing,” said Gallegos, her voice cracking. “We know firsthand that silence has never protected our farmworker communities, and no movement or justice can ask people to stay silent about abuse — not then and not now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076917\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mandarin orchard west of Fresno, California, on March 21, 2017. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She, like others who spoke with KQED hours after hearing the news, said they want this moment of reckoning to help prevent similar abuses in the future. They hope the allegations against Chavez don’t undercut gains by the farmworker movement as a whole, built by many laborers and their families over decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we are holding grief. I am holding so much pain in my chest, in my mind, in my heart,” Gallegos said. “At the same time, it’s a reflection that we cannot stay silent, we cannot let our movement end … reassuring our community that their voice matters and that no one should endure any type of abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García, who started accompanying her parents to work in agriculture at the age of 10, said sexual harassment by farm labor contractors and supervisors was rampant. She was fired from jobs, she said, as retaliation for not agreeing to men’s advances. But joining the UFW helped improve her job conditions and feel supported to complain if there were problems, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076914\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmworker picks grapes at a field in Fresno on Sept. 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>García said that if union insiders or others knew of the allegations against Chavez but failed to investigate or willingly ignored the underage victims, there should be consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If those people are still around — if they are still alive — then they must be held accountable,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside a courtroom in Fresno, where the UFW is fighting a Trump administration plan to make it cheaper to hire temporary farm labor, union president Teresa Romero asked the public to respect the privacy of victims who came forward, according to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/03/cesar-chavez-ufw-romero/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not condone the actions of César Chavez,” Romero said. “It’s wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077473/cesar-chavez-fue-un-heroe-para-los-trabajadores-agricolas-ellos-ahora-enfrentan-un-legado-mas-complicado\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As word of the damning sexual abuse \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076859/california-reacts-to-shocking-cesar-chavez-sexual-misconduct-revelations\">accusations against César Chavez\u003c/a> spread this week, California’s farmworking communities struggled to process and reconcile the disturbing details with the image of a labor icon and civil rights fighter many considered a hero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by phone, people described feeling stunned and disjointed after learning the news from a neighbor’s call, conversations with relatives, work meetings or social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost too difficult to believe what is happening,” Maria García Hernández, a farmworker for more than 30 years, said in Spanish on Wednesday afternoon. The 52-year-old, who lives in Tulare County, said she and her parents benefited from Chavez’s advocacy to include undocumented farmworkers in the last major comprehensive immigration reform in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still can’t quite believe it — that such a courageous person who fought for all of us to ensure we had shade, water, clean restrooms, better working conditions, that such a person, so dedicated to the people … could do that,” said García, who seeds and harvests plants in a job represented by the United Farm Workers, the union that Chavez and Dolores Huerta co-founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta, now 95, revealed for the first time publicly that Chavez manipulated her into sex and raped her in the 1960s, telling \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> that the two encounters each left her pregnant. \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>Times’\u003c/em> multi-year investigation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/18/us/cesar-chavez-sexual-abuse-allegations-ufw.html\">published Wednesday\u003c/a>, also detailed accusations by two women, daughters of union organizers, who said Chavez sexually abused them when they were children in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076915\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076915\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-2_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmworker picks grapes at a field in Fresno on Sept. 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Rolando Hernandez first heard about the allegations from coworkers during a job training meeting, the former agricultural worker was confused. He thought the discussion must be about someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Excuse me, but which César Chavez are you talking about?” Hernandez, 33, asked at the gathering. “Because I only know of one César Chavez who fought for farmworkers’ rights so that there’d be better wages and not so much injustice in the fields.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one,” came the response, leaving Hernandez speechless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It landed really heavy,” said Hernandez, an outreach educator for a Fresno-based farmworker nonprofit who began harvesting chile fields as a 14-year-old in Arizona before working with grapes and oranges in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077014/california-weighs-renaming-parks-streets-after-cesar-chavez-amid-abuse-allegations\">fallout from the revelations\u003c/a> was almost immediate. California lawmakers announced they plan to rename the state holiday named after Chavez as Farmworkers Day. Cities, states and organizations, including the UFW, moved to postpone or cancel celebrations planned for March 31 in honor of the Mexican American labor leader’s birthday. Officials are considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077059/san-francisco-fought-to-name-a-major-street-after-cesar-chavez-will-it-be-renamed-again\">renaming streets\u003c/a>, parks, libraries, schools and other buildings named after Chavez.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For decades, Chavez and Huerta’s collaboration to advance farmworker rights has been celebrated in children’s textbooks, biographies, movies and parades. Now, mothers like García are troubled that more was not done sooner to prevent and respond to the alleged attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel for them; it really pains me in the bottom of my soul what happened to them,” García said. “But if what happened is true, why wasn’t it spoken of a long time ago? Why now?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez died in 1993. Huerta said she stayed silent for 60 years because she feared hurting the reputation of a man who became the face of the Mexican American civil rights movement, known for national boycotts, marches and strikes that achieved significant gains for thousands of farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I carried this secret for as long as I did because building the movement and securing farmworker rights was my life’s work,” Huerta said in a statement after the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> investigation was published. “I have never identified myself as a victim, but I now understand that I am a survivor — of violence, of sexual abuse, of domineering men who saw me, and other women, as property, or things to control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luz Gallegos, whose childhood experiences accompanying her parents to UFW pickets and marches inspired her to become a farmworker advocate, said she felt shattered by the revelations. Now the director of TODEC Legal Center, an immigrant and farmworker nonprofit in the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley, Gallegos praised the courage of Huerta and the other victims who carried their pain before choosing to speak up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stand with our compañera Dolores Huerta and the survivors. What has been revealed is very painful and deeply disturbing,” said Gallegos, her voice cracking. “We know firsthand that silence has never protected our farmworker communities, and no movement or justice can ask people to stay silent about abuse — not then and not now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076917\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/Workers-2_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mandarin orchard west of Fresno, California, on March 21, 2017. \u003ccite>(Alexandra Hall/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She, like others who spoke with KQED hours after hearing the news, said they want this moment of reckoning to help prevent similar abuses in the future. They hope the allegations against Chavez don’t undercut gains by the farmworker movement as a whole, built by many laborers and their families over decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we are holding grief. I am holding so much pain in my chest, in my mind, in my heart,” Gallegos said. “At the same time, it’s a reflection that we cannot stay silent, we cannot let our movement end … reassuring our community that their voice matters and that no one should endure any type of abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>García, who started accompanying her parents to work in agriculture at the age of 10, said sexual harassment by farm labor contractors and supervisors was rampant. She was fired from jobs, she said, as retaliation for not agreeing to men’s advances. But joining the UFW helped improve her job conditions and feel supported to complain if there were problems, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076914\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/20250903_FarmLaborCrisis_GC-7_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmworker picks grapes at a field in Fresno on Sept. 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>García said that if union insiders or others knew of the allegations against Chavez but failed to investigate or willingly ignored the underage victims, there should be consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If those people are still around — if they are still alive — then they must be held accountable,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside a courtroom in Fresno, where the UFW is fighting a Trump administration plan to make it cheaper to hire temporary farm labor, union president Teresa Romero asked the public to respect the privacy of victims who came forward, according to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2026/03/cesar-chavez-ufw-romero/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not condone the actions of César Chavez,” Romero said. “It’s wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "san-francisco-fought-to-name-a-major-street-after-cesar-chavez-will-it-be-renamed-again",
"title": "San Francisco Fought to Name a Major Street After Cesar Chavez. Will It Be Renamed Again?",
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"headTitle": "San Francisco Fought to Name a Major Street After Cesar Chavez. Will It Be Renamed Again? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>On \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/cesar-chavez\">Cesar Chavez\u003c/a>‘s birthday in 1995, a crowd of hundreds gathered in San Francisco’s Mission District to commemorate new street signs, installed along the 3-mile thoroughfare stretching from the Bayview waterfront to Noe Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City supervisors voted unanimously that year to change the name of Army Street to Cesar Chavez Street in honor of the labor leader, who had died two years prior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cesar Chavez lives in our hearts, and from now on he will live on this street,” Frank Martin Del Campo, a spokesperson for the local 790 United Public Employees, told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/1231549583/?match=1&terms=cesar%20chavez%20street\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Latino San Franciscans saw the dedication as an acknowledgment of the farmworker movement Chavez helped build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after allegations surfaced this week that the civil rights icon sexually abused multiple young girls, and United Farm Workers co-founder Dolores Huerta, as he led the movement in the 1960s and ’70s, politicians have quickly proposed stripping his name from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077014/california-weighs-renaming-parks-streets-after-cesar-chavez-amid-abuse-allegations\">dozens of streets, schools, parks and monuments\u003c/a>, and the state holiday in his honor at the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations have raised questions about how to further the movement’s legacy, without Chavez as the figurehead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077135\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1415\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1-1536x1087.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ballot measure to strip Chavez’s name from the street failed by a wide margin in November 1995, as reported in the San Francisco Examiner, on Nov. 8, 1995. \u003ccite>(The San Francisco Examiner via Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He was a symbol,” San Francisco State University labor historian John Logan said, “for a recognition of the farmworker movement, of the Chicano civil rights movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [is an] incredibly important social movement and incredibly important worker movement,” he said, adding that now, it will be important “to find a way of trying to recognize those things without using his name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reckoning with abuse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/18/us/cesar-chavez-sexual-abuse-allegations-ufw.html\">\u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> published an investigation revealing accounts from two women, now in their 60s, who said that they had been assaulted repeatedly by Chavez for years in the 1970s, beginning when they were 12 and 13, and he was in his 40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta came forward with her own allegations that on two separate occasions in the 1960s, Chavez had pressured her into intercourse and later raped her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within hours, local officials and organizations across California launched efforts to strip Chavez’s name from public view. Sacramento’s mayor appointed city council members to \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MayorMcCarty/status/2034359028583960962\">rename \u003c/a>Cesar Chavez Plaza in the state capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077043\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077043\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cesar Chavez Student Center at San Francisco State University on June 24, 2005. \u003ccite>(Brian Trejo/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fresno officials set a meeting for this week to \u003ca href=\"https://fresno.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=1402336&GUID=DEFF00CA-9492-4094-B66A-E64AB03FC28F&Options=info%7C&Search=\">remove\u003c/a> Cesar Chavez Boulevard street signs and groups at San Francisco State and Sonoma State University announced plans to shroud his image and name on campus murals and on buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Thursday, California Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas and Senate President Pro Tempore Monique Limón announced legislation that would rename the state holiday honoring Chavez at the end of March to Farmworkers Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This moment calls for honesty. It calls for reflection. And it calls for a renewed commitment to the values that the farmworker movement was built on,” Rivas said, speaking on the California Assembly floor on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076930\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pedestrians walk past César Chávez Elementary School on March 18, 2026, in San Francisco, California. Labor activist César Chávez has been accused in an investigation of sexual abuse of women and minors. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Fanjoy/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco leaders haven’t taken any concrete steps to strip Chavez’s name from the street, or from the public elementary school renamed in his honor around the same time, it seems more than likely in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My office will support community efforts to remove Cesar Chavez’s name from any District 9 institutions,” said Supervisor Jackie Fielder, who represents the Mission, which includes both sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there should be no hesitation,” said former Supervisor Susan Leal, who served from 1993 to 1997, and helped lead the renaming effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A divisive renaming\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Leal said the decision to name Army Street after Chavez was meant to acknowledge “unrecognized work of a lot of farmworkers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The meaning of having Cesar Chavez Street is that it signifies we have a place here too,” Maria Paya, a grocer in the Mission District, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-30-mn-62893-story.html\">told the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the time the new street signs were unveiled that April, the decision had already sparked controversy, and a campaign to repeal the name change. Opponents put a citywide measure on that year’s general election ballot to restore the road’s name to Army Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1854px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077136\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1854\" height=\"1390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2.jpg 1854w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1854px) 100vw, 1854px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents of the ballot measure to restore Cesar Chavez Street to Army Street celebrate with a caravan after it failed in 1995, as reported by the San Francisco Chronicle on Nov. 9, 1995. \u003ccite>(The San Francisco Chronicle via Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The battle became one of the most divisive that election cycle, according to newspaper reports at the time\u003cem>,\u003c/em> pitting residents of the then-predominantly Latino Mission District, backed by thousands of United Farm Workers volunteers who traveled from as far as Bakersfield to campaign, against wealthy, majority white Noe Valley residents and small business owners who said they had an affinity for their addresses, and the 140-year-old Army Street name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renaming came at a time of heightened anti-immigrant sentiment, Leal said, not unlike today. The year prior, California voters passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12045374/from-save-our-state-to-sanctuary-californias-immigration-views-have-shifted-dramatically\">Proposition 187\u003c/a>, which aimed to block undocumented immigrants from accessing most health care services, public education and social services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you would come up with another San Franciscan who was not of the farmworker movement, I think he might’ve gotten more support. It was not unlike Prop. 187,” Leal said.[aside postID=news_12077073 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty2.jpg']“It was very personal about him being Latino,” she said. “Some of the comments were, ‘He’s not even a citizen.’” Chavez was born in Yuma, Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the city voted by a wide margin to uphold the new name that November, it was seen as an affirmation of support not just for Chavez, but for Latino San Franciscans, and the farmworker movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was more than him,” Leal said. “It was about Dolores. It was about, for a lot Latino people … pushing back,” against efforts like Proposition 187.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If San Francisco did launch an effort to rename Cesar Chavez Street, Leal said she’d hope to see that sentiment remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It should be named for something connected to that movement. Probably Dolores Huerta,” Leal told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plans already in motion to scrub Chavez’s name from other public places are also taking similar considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The farmworker movement was never ever about one man,” Rivas said Thursday. “It was built by tens of thousands of workers. People who labored in the fields. People who organized, who sacrificed, and who stood up when it was hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, we have a responsibility not just to remember that movement, but to carry it forward with integrity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/cesar-chavez\">Cesar Chavez\u003c/a>‘s birthday in 1995, a crowd of hundreds gathered in San Francisco’s Mission District to commemorate new street signs, installed along the 3-mile thoroughfare stretching from the Bayview waterfront to Noe Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City supervisors voted unanimously that year to change the name of Army Street to Cesar Chavez Street in honor of the labor leader, who had died two years prior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cesar Chavez lives in our hearts, and from now on he will live on this street,” Frank Martin Del Campo, a spokesperson for the local 790 United Public Employees, told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/1231549583/?match=1&terms=cesar%20chavez%20street\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Latino San Franciscans saw the dedication as an acknowledgment of the farmworker movement Chavez helped build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after allegations surfaced this week that the civil rights icon sexually abused multiple young girls, and United Farm Workers co-founder Dolores Huerta, as he led the movement in the 1960s and ’70s, politicians have quickly proposed stripping his name from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12077014/california-weighs-renaming-parks-streets-after-cesar-chavez-amid-abuse-allegations\">dozens of streets, schools, parks and monuments\u003c/a>, and the state holiday in his honor at the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations have raised questions about how to further the movement’s legacy, without Chavez as the figurehead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077135\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077135\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1415\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Examiner_Cesar_Chavez_1-1536x1087.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ballot measure to strip Chavez’s name from the street failed by a wide margin in November 1995, as reported in the San Francisco Examiner, on Nov. 8, 1995. \u003ccite>(The San Francisco Examiner via Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He was a symbol,” San Francisco State University labor historian John Logan said, “for a recognition of the farmworker movement, of the Chicano civil rights movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [is an] incredibly important social movement and incredibly important worker movement,” he said, adding that now, it will be important “to find a way of trying to recognize those things without using his name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reckoning with abuse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/18/us/cesar-chavez-sexual-abuse-allegations-ufw.html\">\u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> published an investigation revealing accounts from two women, now in their 60s, who said that they had been assaulted repeatedly by Chavez for years in the 1970s, beginning when they were 12 and 13, and he was in his 40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta came forward with her own allegations that on two separate occasions in the 1960s, Chavez had pressured her into intercourse and later raped her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within hours, local officials and organizations across California launched efforts to strip Chavez’s name from public view. Sacramento’s mayor appointed city council members to \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MayorMcCarty/status/2034359028583960962\">rename \u003c/a>Cesar Chavez Plaza in the state capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077043\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077043\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/chavezstudentcenter-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cesar Chavez Student Center at San Francisco State University on June 24, 2005. \u003ccite>(Brian Trejo/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fresno officials set a meeting for this week to \u003ca href=\"https://fresno.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=1402336&GUID=DEFF00CA-9492-4094-B66A-E64AB03FC28F&Options=info%7C&Search=\">remove\u003c/a> Cesar Chavez Boulevard street signs and groups at San Francisco State and Sonoma State University announced plans to shroud his image and name on campus murals and on buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early Thursday, California Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas and Senate President Pro Tempore Monique Limón announced legislation that would rename the state holiday honoring Chavez at the end of March to Farmworkers Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This moment calls for honesty. It calls for reflection. And it calls for a renewed commitment to the values that the farmworker movement was built on,” Rivas said, speaking on the California Assembly floor on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076930\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pedestrians walk past César Chávez Elementary School on March 18, 2026, in San Francisco, California. Labor activist César Chávez has been accused in an investigation of sexual abuse of women and minors. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Fanjoy/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco leaders haven’t taken any concrete steps to strip Chavez’s name from the street, or from the public elementary school renamed in his honor around the same time, it seems more than likely in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My office will support community efforts to remove Cesar Chavez’s name from any District 9 institutions,” said Supervisor Jackie Fielder, who represents the Mission, which includes both sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there should be no hesitation,” said former Supervisor Susan Leal, who served from 1993 to 1997, and helped lead the renaming effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A divisive renaming\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Leal said the decision to name Army Street after Chavez was meant to acknowledge “unrecognized work of a lot of farmworkers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The meaning of having Cesar Chavez Street is that it signifies we have a place here too,” Maria Paya, a grocer in the Mission District, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-30-mn-62893-story.html\">told the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the time the new street signs were unveiled that April, the decision had already sparked controversy, and a campaign to repeal the name change. Opponents put a citywide measure on that year’s general election ballot to restore the road’s name to Army Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1854px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077136\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1854\" height=\"1390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2.jpg 1854w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SF_Chron_Cesar_Chavez_2-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1854px) 100vw, 1854px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents of the ballot measure to restore Cesar Chavez Street to Army Street celebrate with a caravan after it failed in 1995, as reported by the San Francisco Chronicle on Nov. 9, 1995. \u003ccite>(The San Francisco Chronicle via Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The battle became one of the most divisive that election cycle, according to newspaper reports at the time\u003cem>,\u003c/em> pitting residents of the then-predominantly Latino Mission District, backed by thousands of United Farm Workers volunteers who traveled from as far as Bakersfield to campaign, against wealthy, majority white Noe Valley residents and small business owners who said they had an affinity for their addresses, and the 140-year-old Army Street name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The renaming came at a time of heightened anti-immigrant sentiment, Leal said, not unlike today. The year prior, California voters passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12045374/from-save-our-state-to-sanctuary-californias-immigration-views-have-shifted-dramatically\">Proposition 187\u003c/a>, which aimed to block undocumented immigrants from accessing most health care services, public education and social services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you would come up with another San Franciscan who was not of the farmworker movement, I think he might’ve gotten more support. It was not unlike Prop. 187,” Leal said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It was very personal about him being Latino,” she said. “Some of the comments were, ‘He’s not even a citizen.’” Chavez was born in Yuma, Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the city voted by a wide margin to uphold the new name that November, it was seen as an affirmation of support not just for Chavez, but for Latino San Franciscans, and the farmworker movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was more than him,” Leal said. “It was about Dolores. It was about, for a lot Latino people … pushing back,” against efforts like Proposition 187.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If San Francisco did launch an effort to rename Cesar Chavez Street, Leal said she’d hope to see that sentiment remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It should be named for something connected to that movement. Probably Dolores Huerta,” Leal told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plans already in motion to scrub Chavez’s name from other public places are also taking similar considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The farmworker movement was never ever about one man,” Rivas said Thursday. “It was built by tens of thousands of workers. People who labored in the fields. People who organized, who sacrificed, and who stood up when it was hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, we have a responsibility not just to remember that movement, but to carry it forward with integrity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a recent Tuesday afternoon, Gary Parkinson waited at the end of the line in San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tenderloin\">Tenderloin \u003c/a>neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and others waited for their turn at a little window, like one where you might pick up fast food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The window is a post office, but not one where Parkinson can buy stamps or mail a letter. It’s the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca href=\"https://tools.usps.com/locations/details/1492402\">General Delivery Unit\u003c/a> — a mail service where people who don’t have a permanent address can pick up mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two weeks ago in the hospital, I lost my — I had two IDs, I lost them both, and my phone,” he said. “So I’m hoping it’s come in the mail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson hoped to find out if his replacement driver’s license had arrived. He uses General Delivery’s address — 391 Ellis St. — on his license because, like most patrons in line here, he does not have an address of his own. He’s been unhoused for the better part of 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson, 65, has lived in various vehicles for the past year, and currently parks his van a couple of miles away in the Bayview neighborhood. He’s been using General Delivery to get his mail for as long as it’s been open: a decade. Before moving to San Francisco about 25 years ago, Parkinson grew up in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077126\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077126\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A line outside of the San Francisco General Delivery in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco on March 10, 2026. The service allows people without a permanent address to receive mail by picking it up at the post office. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I started out as a professional foosball player,” he said, “traveling the country. It was great. It almost got super big, but it died off. I went into sales and marketing before I gave up the desire for money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson said he now lives on his social security benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, getting my information on that’s really important cause they’ll cut you off if you don’t respond,” he said. “So this has been important for that, to have an address that’s consistent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unhoused people need an address to stay on other government services, too — like food stamps.[aside postID=news_12051236 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250626-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg']Kay waited in line ahead of Parkinson in her hiking boots, her grey hair pulled back with a clip. She didn’t want to share her last name. She’s a fan of General Delivery, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s great,” Kay said. “It’s a way to safely get your mail. And you don’t have to pay for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Delivery is a free service. To get their mail, patrons slip their IDs through a small hole in the thick plexiglass window. A USPS clerk inside searches for their mail and delivers stacks of letters and packages through a small, transparent door on one side of the window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before post offices did delivery, this was the original way,” Kay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formed in 1775, the postal system predates the U.S. But free home delivery didn’t start in cities until the 1860s, and began even later in rural areas. So for decades, people went to the post office to pick up their mail. General Delivery service has evolved since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually, the General Delivery is in the main post office for a city,” Kay said. “Here, it’s kind of unique. It’s the first one I’ve ever seen like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because standalone General Delivery locations like this one are rare. In most parts of the United States, General Delivery is a service offered at designated post offices, not an entire dedicated branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Tenderloin, its services are in demand; the district is home to nearly 2000 unhoused residents. General Delivery is open Monday through Saturday from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. And from the moment this post office opens, it is busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077125\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USPS employee Robert Tapia works at San Francisco General Delivery on March 10, 2026. The service allows people without a permanent address to receive mail by picking it up at the post office. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like nonstop,” USPS clerk Robert Tapia said. “Ever since I opened the door, it’s like no break, nonstop, keep going and going and going.\u003cstrong>”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tapia is 44, and his freckled face is quick to smile. He described the types of mail that patrons commonly receive here: IDs, bills, phones and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, from the first of the month, it’s checks,” Tapia said. “Like social security checks. And if it’s not here, I have to be able to tell them it hasn’t arrived yet. It feels bad ‘cause I want to give them their mail. And I know they could be homeless, and they depend on the money.”[aside postID=news_12065083 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/11/wmn-afrofuturism-gallery-03-2000x1337.jpg']Tapia has only worked at General Delivery for around six months, but he’s starting to build relationships with his regular customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s one lady, I don’t even need to see her ID because I know her face,” Tapia said. “There are also some customers whom I’m gonna go check again. Even though I know their mail’s not there, I just go the extra mile to do a thorough look for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mail addressed to 391 Ellis St. is held for pickup for 30 days before it’s returned to the sender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes, Parkinson reached the front of the line. He carried a tablet, which he flashed at Tapia through the window. The screen showed a photo of his lost driver’s license, which lists the General Delivery address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tapia disappeared into the mailroom, where he examined a wall full of alphabetized slots, some stuffed with mail. He returned with a stack of a dozen letters for Parkinson, which he delivered through the tiny door in the window. Parkinson flipped through them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Credit union, Social Security Administration, City of Oakland. No driver’s license.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson then spied a hand-addressed envelope in his stack. It was a letter from Zuckerberg, San Francisco General Hospital, where he lost his ID. Parkinson opens it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077131\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco General Delivery in the Tenderloin neighborhood on March 10, 2026. The service allows people without a permanent address to receive mail by picking it up at the post office. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Notice of Unclaimed Valuables: You left your phone and California ID,” he read. “This is great news. I figured maybe someone threw it away. But they had it all along. Woo! I’m going to get them right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson started to head off, but turned back around and began to recite a poem he said he wrote about 20 years ago:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I’m dreaming of the day \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>That we can get away \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From all our pains and sorrows. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sunshine replacing \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The rains of our tomorrows.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cradling his stack of letters, Gary Parkinson crossed the street, walking out of the shade and into the sun. He’s off to the hospital to collect his once-lost belongings — now found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Erin Bump is a radio reporter and podcast producer living in San Francisco. Find more of her work at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org\">\u003cem>kalw.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or in the Century Lives podcast feed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a recent Tuesday afternoon, Gary Parkinson waited at the end of the line in San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tenderloin\">Tenderloin \u003c/a>neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and others waited for their turn at a little window, like one where you might pick up fast food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The window is a post office, but not one where Parkinson can buy stamps or mail a letter. It’s the U.S. Postal Service \u003ca href=\"https://tools.usps.com/locations/details/1492402\">General Delivery Unit\u003c/a> — a mail service where people who don’t have a permanent address can pick up mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two weeks ago in the hospital, I lost my — I had two IDs, I lost them both, and my phone,” he said. “So I’m hoping it’s come in the mail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson hoped to find out if his replacement driver’s license had arrived. He uses General Delivery’s address — 391 Ellis St. — on his license because, like most patrons in line here, he does not have an address of his own. He’s been unhoused for the better part of 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson, 65, has lived in various vehicles for the past year, and currently parks his van a couple of miles away in the Bayview neighborhood. He’s been using General Delivery to get his mail for as long as it’s been open: a decade. Before moving to San Francisco about 25 years ago, Parkinson grew up in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077126\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077126\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-03-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A line outside of the San Francisco General Delivery in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco on March 10, 2026. The service allows people without a permanent address to receive mail by picking it up at the post office. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I started out as a professional foosball player,” he said, “traveling the country. It was great. It almost got super big, but it died off. I went into sales and marketing before I gave up the desire for money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson said he now lives on his social security benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, getting my information on that’s really important cause they’ll cut you off if you don’t respond,” he said. “So this has been important for that, to have an address that’s consistent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unhoused people need an address to stay on other government services, too — like food stamps.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kay waited in line ahead of Parkinson in her hiking boots, her grey hair pulled back with a clip. She didn’t want to share her last name. She’s a fan of General Delivery, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s great,” Kay said. “It’s a way to safely get your mail. And you don’t have to pay for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Delivery is a free service. To get their mail, patrons slip their IDs through a small hole in the thick plexiglass window. A USPS clerk inside searches for their mail and delivers stacks of letters and packages through a small, transparent door on one side of the window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before post offices did delivery, this was the original way,” Kay said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formed in 1775, the postal system predates the U.S. But free home delivery didn’t start in cities until the 1860s, and began even later in rural areas. So for decades, people went to the post office to pick up their mail. General Delivery service has evolved since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually, the General Delivery is in the main post office for a city,” Kay said. “Here, it’s kind of unique. It’s the first one I’ve ever seen like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because standalone General Delivery locations like this one are rare. In most parts of the United States, General Delivery is a service offered at designated post offices, not an entire dedicated branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Tenderloin, its services are in demand; the district is home to nearly 2000 unhoused residents. General Delivery is open Monday through Saturday from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. And from the moment this post office opens, it is busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077125\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-04-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USPS employee Robert Tapia works at San Francisco General Delivery on March 10, 2026. The service allows people without a permanent address to receive mail by picking it up at the post office. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like nonstop,” USPS clerk Robert Tapia said. “Ever since I opened the door, it’s like no break, nonstop, keep going and going and going.\u003cstrong>”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tapia is 44, and his freckled face is quick to smile. He described the types of mail that patrons commonly receive here: IDs, bills, phones and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, from the first of the month, it’s checks,” Tapia said. “Like social security checks. And if it’s not here, I have to be able to tell them it hasn’t arrived yet. It feels bad ‘cause I want to give them their mail. And I know they could be homeless, and they depend on the money.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Tapia has only worked at General Delivery for around six months, but he’s starting to build relationships with his regular customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s one lady, I don’t even need to see her ID because I know her face,” Tapia said. “There are also some customers whom I’m gonna go check again. Even though I know their mail’s not there, I just go the extra mile to do a thorough look for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mail addressed to 391 Ellis St. is held for pickup for 30 days before it’s returned to the sender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes, Parkinson reached the front of the line. He carried a tablet, which he flashed at Tapia through the window. The screen showed a photo of his lost driver’s license, which lists the General Delivery address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tapia disappeared into the mailroom, where he examined a wall full of alphabetized slots, some stuffed with mail. He returned with a stack of a dozen letters for Parkinson, which he delivered through the tiny door in the window. Parkinson flipped through them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Credit union, Social Security Administration, City of Oakland. No driver’s license.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson then spied a hand-addressed envelope in his stack. It was a letter from Zuckerberg, San Francisco General Hospital, where he lost his ID. Parkinson opens it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077131\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260310-UnhousedMail-16-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco General Delivery in the Tenderloin neighborhood on March 10, 2026. The service allows people without a permanent address to receive mail by picking it up at the post office. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Notice of Unclaimed Valuables: You left your phone and California ID,” he read. “This is great news. I figured maybe someone threw it away. But they had it all along. Woo! I’m going to get them right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson started to head off, but turned back around and began to recite a poem he said he wrote about 20 years ago:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I’m dreaming of the day \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>That we can get away \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>From all our pains and sorrows. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sunshine replacing \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The rains of our tomorrows.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cradling his stack of letters, Gary Parkinson crossed the street, walking out of the shade and into the sun. He’s off to the hospital to collect his once-lost belongings — now found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Erin Bump is a radio reporter and podcast producer living in San Francisco. Find more of her work at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org\">\u003cem>kalw.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or in the Century Lives podcast feed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>, along with a coalition of 23 other states and a dozen cities and counties, sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday for rolling back \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073333/trump-scraps-a-cornerstone-climate-finding-as-california-prepares-for-court\">the scientific finding\u003c/a> requiring it to regulate greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a small technical change,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said at a press conference in Sacramento. “It’s a sweeping decision that would increase pollution, worsen climate change, and put the health of millions of Americans at risk. And it’s not based on any credible science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, seeks to reinstate a 2009 conclusion known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">the endangerment finding\u003c/a> — that carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten public health and welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate rule served as the scientific basis for the agency’s ability to limit emissions under the Clean Air Act.[aside postID=news_12073333 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/TrucksCM1.jpg']The Trump administration finalized the repeal of the endangerment finding on Feb. 12. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">post\u003c/a> on the EPA’s website stated the change would also dissolve restrictions on vehicle emissions and save Americans $1.3 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Denying the danger of climate change doesn’t make the fires less destructive, or the heatwaves less deadly,” California Air Resources Board Chair Lauren Sanchez said. “California will not stand by while this administration continues to dismantle critical public health protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said California’s authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the landmark 2006 Global Warming Solutions Act, AB 32, signed into law by then Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, “remains unchanged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles, San Francisco and Santa Clara County were also parties to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lklivans\">\u003cem>Laura Klivans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>, along with a coalition of 23 other states and a dozen cities and counties, sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday for rolling back \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073333/trump-scraps-a-cornerstone-climate-finding-as-california-prepares-for-court\">the scientific finding\u003c/a> requiring it to regulate greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t a small technical change,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said at a press conference in Sacramento. “It’s a sweeping decision that would increase pollution, worsen climate change, and put the health of millions of Americans at risk. And it’s not based on any credible science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, seeks to reinstate a 2009 conclusion known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">the endangerment finding\u003c/a> — that carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten public health and welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate rule served as the scientific basis for the agency’s ability to limit emissions under the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Trump administration finalized the repeal of the endangerment finding on Feb. 12. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/final-rule-rescission-greenhouse-gas-endangerment\">post\u003c/a> on the EPA’s website stated the change would also dissolve restrictions on vehicle emissions and save Americans $1.3 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Denying the danger of climate change doesn’t make the fires less destructive, or the heatwaves less deadly,” California Air Resources Board Chair Lauren Sanchez said. “California will not stand by while this administration continues to dismantle critical public health protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said California’s authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the landmark 2006 Global Warming Solutions Act, AB 32, signed into law by then Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, “remains unchanged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles, San Francisco and Santa Clara County were also parties to the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lklivans\">\u003cem>Laura Klivans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-voters-appear-to-support-a-billionaire-tax-split-on-proposed-voter-id-law",
"title": "California Voters Appear to Support a Billionaire Tax, Split on Proposed Voter ID Law",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> voters are split along party lines on two controversial proposed ballot measures — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12070052/proposal-to-tax-billionaires-ignites-a-political-fight-in-california\">a billionaire tax\u003c/a> and an initiative requiring voters to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913284/should-californians-have-to-show-id-to-vote\"> show government ID when they cast a ballot\u003c/a> — according to a new poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey from UC Berkeley’s Institute of Governmental Studies found 52% of voters backing a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/25-0024A1%20%28Billionaire%20Tax%20%29.pdf\">proposed\u003c/a> one-time, 5% tax on the net worth of billionaires. The money would be used to fund health care programs, which are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051681/local-health-providers-prepare-for-medi-cal-cuts\">cut by the Trump administration\u003c/a>; 33% of registered voters said they were opposed and 15% said they are still undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether voters back the measure, which is being pushed by\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061653/should-billionaires-pay-more-california-unions-want-voters-to-decide\"> a health care labor union\u003c/a>, is highly correlated to their partisan leanings: 72% of Democrats said they’d support the billionaire tax if it qualifies for the November ballot, while the same percentage of Republican voters are opposed. Voters with no party preference were more split, with 51% backing the wealth tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voter ID \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/administration/news-releases-and-advisories/2025-news-releases-and-advisories/proposed-initiative-enters-circulation-establishes-additional-voter-identification-and-citizenship-verification-requirements-ini\">ballot measure\u003c/a> is more evenly divided, with 44% of voters in support and 45% opposed. Republican voters said they would overwhelmingly vote “Yes.” Democrats are unified in opposition, with only 19% in support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IGS co-director Eric Schickler said that while neither measure has qualified yet for the ballot, most voters surveyed said they are aware of the proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Billionaire Tax Initiative starts out in a relatively strong position, but with it polling just above 50%, that still leaves room for what will be an intense, expensive campaign,” he said. “The Voter ID Initiative looks like it faces an uphill climb: given the strong Democratic opposition, it needs very strong support among nonpartisan voters, and it currently seems to be falling short. But it is still very early.”[aside postID=news_12075769 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260306-TOM-STEYER-ON-PB-MD-03-KQED.jpg']If they move forward, the campaigns around both measures are expected to be expensive and bruising. Democrats are split on the billionaires tax: \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/12/newsom-unloads-on-california-wealth-tax-proposal-00723732?utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=dlvr.it\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> is opposed, Silicon Valley Rep. Ro Khanna said he’s in support, and many other Democrats — including legislative leaders and candidates for governor — have offered support for the concept but expressed concerns with the details of this proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some billionaires have already \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2026/03/17/6-billionaires-left-california-billionaire-tax-newsom-brin-page-thiel-spielberg-revenue/\">left \u003c/a>California, and others, like Google co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/14/business/dealbook/california-billionaire-tax.html\">Sergey Brin\u003c/a>, are lining up huge campaign war chests to fight the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Democrats are gearing up to fight the voter ID measure, which several Southern California Republican lawmakers are pushing. The proposed ballot measure comes as the U.S. Senate debates what’s known as the SAVE Act, a far more draconian voter ID measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backed by President Donald Trump, that legislation would require a passport or birth certificate to register to vote, essentially eliminate mail-in ballots and require states to hand over their voter rolls to the federal government. It already passed the House but is facing a steep climb in the Republican-led Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll was conducted between March 9 and 15 among more than 5,000 registered California voters. It has a sampling error of plus or minus 2 points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> voters are split along party lines on two controversial proposed ballot measures — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12070052/proposal-to-tax-billionaires-ignites-a-political-fight-in-california\">a billionaire tax\u003c/a> and an initiative requiring voters to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913284/should-californians-have-to-show-id-to-vote\"> show government ID when they cast a ballot\u003c/a> — according to a new poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey from UC Berkeley’s Institute of Governmental Studies found 52% of voters backing a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/25-0024A1%20%28Billionaire%20Tax%20%29.pdf\">proposed\u003c/a> one-time, 5% tax on the net worth of billionaires. The money would be used to fund health care programs, which are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051681/local-health-providers-prepare-for-medi-cal-cuts\">cut by the Trump administration\u003c/a>; 33% of registered voters said they were opposed and 15% said they are still undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether voters back the measure, which is being pushed by\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061653/should-billionaires-pay-more-california-unions-want-voters-to-decide\"> a health care labor union\u003c/a>, is highly correlated to their partisan leanings: 72% of Democrats said they’d support the billionaire tax if it qualifies for the November ballot, while the same percentage of Republican voters are opposed. Voters with no party preference were more split, with 51% backing the wealth tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voter ID \u003ca href=\"https://www.sos.ca.gov/administration/news-releases-and-advisories/2025-news-releases-and-advisories/proposed-initiative-enters-circulation-establishes-additional-voter-identification-and-citizenship-verification-requirements-ini\">ballot measure\u003c/a> is more evenly divided, with 44% of voters in support and 45% opposed. Republican voters said they would overwhelmingly vote “Yes.” Democrats are unified in opposition, with only 19% in support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IGS co-director Eric Schickler said that while neither measure has qualified yet for the ballot, most voters surveyed said they are aware of the proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Billionaire Tax Initiative starts out in a relatively strong position, but with it polling just above 50%, that still leaves room for what will be an intense, expensive campaign,” he said. “The Voter ID Initiative looks like it faces an uphill climb: given the strong Democratic opposition, it needs very strong support among nonpartisan voters, and it currently seems to be falling short. But it is still very early.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If they move forward, the campaigns around both measures are expected to be expensive and bruising. Democrats are split on the billionaires tax: \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/12/newsom-unloads-on-california-wealth-tax-proposal-00723732?utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=dlvr.it\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> is opposed, Silicon Valley Rep. Ro Khanna said he’s in support, and many other Democrats — including legislative leaders and candidates for governor — have offered support for the concept but expressed concerns with the details of this proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some billionaires have already \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2026/03/17/6-billionaires-left-california-billionaire-tax-newsom-brin-page-thiel-spielberg-revenue/\">left \u003c/a>California, and others, like Google co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/14/business/dealbook/california-billionaire-tax.html\">Sergey Brin\u003c/a>, are lining up huge campaign war chests to fight the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Democrats are gearing up to fight the voter ID measure, which several Southern California Republican lawmakers are pushing. The proposed ballot measure comes as the U.S. Senate debates what’s known as the SAVE Act, a far more draconian voter ID measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backed by President Donald Trump, that legislation would require a passport or birth certificate to register to vote, essentially eliminate mail-in ballots and require states to hand over their voter rolls to the federal government. It already passed the House but is facing a steep climb in the Republican-led Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll was conducted between March 9 and 15 among more than 5,000 registered California voters. It has a sampling error of plus or minus 2 points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-weighs-renaming-parks-streets-after-cesar-chavez-amid-abuse-allegations",
"title": "California Weighs Renaming Parks, Streets After Cesar Chavez Amid Abuse Allegations",
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"headTitle": "California Weighs Renaming Parks, Streets After Cesar Chavez Amid Abuse Allegations | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the wake of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076859/california-reacts-to-shocking-cesar-chavez-sexual-misconduct-revelations\">explosive sexual misconduct allegations\u003c/a> against labor leader \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/cesar-chavez\">Cesar Chavez\u003c/a>, municipalities across California are grappling with whether to rename dozens of buildings, parks and roads currently honoring him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government leaders from across the state have called for some of these name changes, including in Fresno and Sacramento. In Bakersfield, city officials announced Wednesday they would pause efforts to rename a street after Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawmakers around the state — including L.A. County Supervisor Janice Hahn and state Sen. Shannon Grove, who represents much of the Central Valley — have called for Cesar Chavez Day to be renamed “Farm Worker Day” in light of the allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am deeply saddened for the victims of Cesar Chavez who have had to carry this secret for decades while every year people celebrate, march, and dedicate a holiday in his name,” Grove said in a statement on social media. “I hope that people reconsider celebrating Cesar Chavez Day and instead celebrate our incredible farm workers who feed and fuel our nation with Farm Worker Day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Newsroom has compiled a non-exhaustive list of the parks, libraries, schools, monuments and streets named after Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Places named after César Chávez in California\" aria-label=\"Symbol map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-8lowA\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/8lowA/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"811\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cc.cusdk12.org/\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Calexico\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cces.cvusd.us/\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Coachella\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.cnusd.k12.ca.us/\">Cesar Chavez Academy\u003c/a>, Corona\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cesarchavez.djusd.net/\">César Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Davis\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.maderausd.org/\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Madera\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://montebello-cce.edlioschool.com/\">Cesar E. Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Bell Gardens\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cesarchavez.scusd.edu/\">César E. Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Sacramento\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/school/cesar-chavez-elementary-school\">César Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077037\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School in El Sereno, California. \u003ccite>(Fiona Ng/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/sdprofile/details.aspx?cds=43693696046239\">César Chávez Early Learning Center\u003c/a>, San José\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.oxnardsd.org/\">Cesar Chavez School\u003c/a>, Oxnard\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.greenfield.k12.ca.us/o/cces\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Greenfield\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/schooldirectory/details?cdscode=19648406020853\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Norwalk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.sandiegounified.org/\">César Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.alisal.org/\">César E. Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Salinas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.sbcusd.com/\">Cesar E. Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, San Bernardino\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ravenswoodms.ravenswoodschools.org/\">Cesar Chavez Ravenswood Middle School\u003c/a>, East Palo Alto\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cec.planada.org/\">Cesar E Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Planada\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.husd.us/\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Hayward\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ccms.mynhusd.org/\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Union City\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077038\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cesar Chavez mural at Jerome Park in Santa Ana, California. \u003ccite>(Destiny Torres/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cms.mylusd.org/\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Lynwood\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.oside.us/\">César Chávez Middle School\u003c/a>, Oceanside\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cesarchavez.pvusd.net/\">Cesar E. Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Watsonville\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.ceres.k12.ca.us/\">Cesar Chavez Junior High\u003c/a>, Ceres\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.djuhsd.org/\">Cesar E. Chavez High School\u003c/a>, Delano\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ccla.lausd.org/\">Cesar E Chavez Learning Academies\u003c/a>, San Fernando\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.sausd.us/\">César E. Chávez High School\u003c/a>, Santa Ana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.stocktonusd.net/\">Cesar Chavez High School\u003c/a>, Stockton\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ycoe.org/Divisions/Educational-Services/Alternative-Education/Cesar-Chavez-Community-School/index.html\">Cesar Chavez Community School\u003c/a>, Woodland\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavezhs.compton.k12.ca.us/\">Cesar Chavez Continuation High School\u003c/a>, Compton\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.edu/main-locations/\">César Chávez Campus of the Fresno Adult School\u003c/a>, Fresno\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>University buildings\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeley.edu/map/cesar-e-chavez-student-center/\">César E. Chávez Student Center\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley, Berkeley\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.swccd.edu/student-support/\">César E. Chávez Student Services Center\u003c/a> at Southwestern College, Chula Vista\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sjcc.edu/on-campus-resources/library/default.aspx\">César E. Chávez Library\u003c/a> at San José City College, San José\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Cesar Chavez on Fresno State University’s campus is covered with black plastic and duct tape on Wednesday, March 18, 2026. \u003ccite>(Samantha Rangel/KVPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.ucla.edu/\">César E. Chávez Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies\u003c/a> at UCLA, Los Angeles\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://asi.sfsu.edu/building-map-hours\">Cesar Chavez Student Center\u003c/a> at San Francisco State University, San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sac.edu/aboutsac/campus_maps/Campus%20Map.pdf\">César Chávez Building at Santa Ana College\u003c/a>, Santa Ana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sdcce.edu/campus-life/campuses/cesar-chavez.html\">César E. Chávez Campus\u003c/a> at San Diego College of Continuing Education, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Parks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sacramento365.com/venue/cesar-chavez-plaza/\">Cesar Chavez Plaza\u003c/a>, Sacramento\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjose.org/listings/plaza-de-cesar-chavez\">Plaza de César Chávez\u003c/a>, San José\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/cesar-chavez-park\">César Chávez Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.portofsandiego.org/experiences/where-go/cesar-chavez-park\">César Chávez Park\u003c/a>, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksforcalifornia.org/project/1368/\">Cesar Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Oakland\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077040\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077040\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cesar Chavez Campesino Park in Santa Ana, California. \u003ccite>(Destiny Torres/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.modestogov.com/2619/Chavez-Park-Renovation-Project\">César E. Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Modesto\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.coltonca.gov/facilities/facility/details/Cesar-Chavez-Park-11\">César E. Chávez Park\u003c/a>, Colton\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.longbeach.gov/park/park-and-facilities/directory/cesar-e--chavez-park/\">Cesar E. Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Long Beach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g32288-d28168853-Reviews-Cesar_Chavez_Park-Delano_California.html\">Cesar Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Delano\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsoledad.com/departments/soledad-community-center/neighborhood-parks/cesar-chavez-park/\">Cesar Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Soledad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/centers/recctr/cesar\">César Chávez Community Center\u003c/a>, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.riversideca.gov/park_rec/facilities-parks/indoor-facilities/community-centers\">César Chávez Center\u003c/a>, Riverside\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Libraries\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://oaklandlibrary.org/locations/cca/\">César E. Chávez Branch Library\u003c/a>, Oakland\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ssjcpl.org/your-library/locations/chavez\">Cesar Chavez Central Library\u003c/a>, Stockton\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-515109272-scaled-e1773940356467.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1443\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farm labor leader Cesar Chavez pickets outside the San Diego-area headquarters of Safeway markets. It was in protest over the arrest of 29 persons at a Delano, California, Safeway. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://lacountylibrary.org/location/maywood-cesar-chavez-library/\">Maywood César Chávez Library\u003c/a>, Maywood\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://library.salinas.gov/about/locations-hours/cesar-chavez-library\">Cesár Chávez Public Library\u003c/a>, Salinas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofperris.org/our-city/community-info/library\">Cesar E. Chavez Library\u003c/a>, Perris\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monuments, statues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cech/index.htm\">César E. Chávez National Monument\u003c/a>, Keene\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://publicartarchive.org/art/Cesar-E-Chavez-Memorial-Monument/dfa80730\">Cesar E. Chavez Memorial Monument\u003c/a> at Fresno State University, Fresno\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.riversidelatinonetwork.org/site/chavez-memorial.html\">Cesar E. Chavez Memorial\u003c/a>, Riverside\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Roads, streets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, Los Angeles\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Boulevard, Fresno\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calle César Chávez, Santa Barbara[aside postID=news_12076859 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezGetty1.jpg']Cesar Chavez Drive, Oxnard\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar E. Chavez Parkway, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Brawley\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Mecca\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Coachella\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Soledad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Drive, Brentwood\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Drive, Baldwin Park\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar E Chavez Drive, Santa Maria\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As California cities and lawmakers debate renaming parks and streets honoring Cesar Chavez, an analysis found more than 65 libraries, schools, parks and other sites across the state bearing his name.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the wake of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12076859/california-reacts-to-shocking-cesar-chavez-sexual-misconduct-revelations\">explosive sexual misconduct allegations\u003c/a> against labor leader \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/cesar-chavez\">Cesar Chavez\u003c/a>, municipalities across California are grappling with whether to rename dozens of buildings, parks and roads currently honoring him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government leaders from across the state have called for some of these name changes, including in Fresno and Sacramento. In Bakersfield, city officials announced Wednesday they would pause efforts to rename a street after Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several lawmakers around the state — including L.A. County Supervisor Janice Hahn and state Sen. Shannon Grove, who represents much of the Central Valley — have called for Cesar Chavez Day to be renamed “Farm Worker Day” in light of the allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am deeply saddened for the victims of Cesar Chavez who have had to carry this secret for decades while every year people celebrate, march, and dedicate a holiday in his name,” Grove said in a statement on social media. “I hope that people reconsider celebrating Cesar Chavez Day and instead celebrate our incredible farm workers who feed and fuel our nation with Farm Worker Day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Newsroom has compiled a non-exhaustive list of the parks, libraries, schools, monuments and streets named after Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Places named after César Chávez in California\" aria-label=\"Symbol map\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-8lowA\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/8lowA/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"811\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cc.cusdk12.org/\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Calexico\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cces.cvusd.us/\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Coachella\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.cnusd.k12.ca.us/\">Cesar Chavez Academy\u003c/a>, Corona\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cesarchavez.djusd.net/\">César Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Davis\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.maderausd.org/\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Madera\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://montebello-cce.edlioschool.com/\">Cesar E. Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Bell Gardens\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cesarchavez.scusd.edu/\">César E. Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Sacramento\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/school/cesar-chavez-elementary-school\">César Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077037\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezElementarySchool1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School in El Sereno, California. \u003ccite>(Fiona Ng/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/sdprofile/details.aspx?cds=43693696046239\">César Chávez Early Learning Center\u003c/a>, San José\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.oxnardsd.org/\">Cesar Chavez School\u003c/a>, Oxnard\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.greenfield.k12.ca.us/o/cces\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Greenfield\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/schooldirectory/details?cdscode=19648406020853\">Cesar Chavez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Norwalk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.sandiegounified.org/\">César Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.alisal.org/\">César E. Chávez Elementary School\u003c/a>, Salinas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.sbcusd.com/\">Cesar E. Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, San Bernardino\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ravenswoodms.ravenswoodschools.org/\">Cesar Chavez Ravenswood Middle School\u003c/a>, East Palo Alto\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cec.planada.org/\">Cesar E Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Planada\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.husd.us/\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Hayward\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ccms.mynhusd.org/\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Union City\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077038\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezMural-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cesar Chavez mural at Jerome Park in Santa Ana, California. \u003ccite>(Destiny Torres/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cms.mylusd.org/\">Cesar Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Lynwood\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.oside.us/\">César Chávez Middle School\u003c/a>, Oceanside\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cesarchavez.pvusd.net/\">Cesar E. Chavez Middle School\u003c/a>, Watsonville\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.ceres.k12.ca.us/\">Cesar Chavez Junior High\u003c/a>, Ceres\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.djuhsd.org/\">Cesar E. Chavez High School\u003c/a>, Delano\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ccla.lausd.org/\">Cesar E Chavez Learning Academies\u003c/a>, San Fernando\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.sausd.us/\">César E. Chávez High School\u003c/a>, Santa Ana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.stocktonusd.net/\">Cesar Chavez High School\u003c/a>, Stockton\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ycoe.org/Divisions/Educational-Services/Alternative-Education/Cesar-Chavez-Community-School/index.html\">Cesar Chavez Community School\u003c/a>, Woodland\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavezhs.compton.k12.ca.us/\">Cesar Chavez Continuation High School\u003c/a>, Compton\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.edu/main-locations/\">César Chávez Campus of the Fresno Adult School\u003c/a>, Fresno\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>University buildings\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeley.edu/map/cesar-e-chavez-student-center/\">César E. Chávez Student Center\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley, Berkeley\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.swccd.edu/student-support/\">César E. Chávez Student Services Center\u003c/a> at Southwestern College, Chula Vista\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sjcc.edu/on-campus-resources/library/default.aspx\">César E. Chávez Library\u003c/a> at San José City College, San José\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezStatue-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A statue of Cesar Chavez on Fresno State University’s campus is covered with black plastic and duct tape on Wednesday, March 18, 2026. \u003ccite>(Samantha Rangel/KVPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chavez.ucla.edu/\">César E. Chávez Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies\u003c/a> at UCLA, Los Angeles\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://asi.sfsu.edu/building-map-hours\">Cesar Chavez Student Center\u003c/a> at San Francisco State University, San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sac.edu/aboutsac/campus_maps/Campus%20Map.pdf\">César Chávez Building at Santa Ana College\u003c/a>, Santa Ana\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sdcce.edu/campus-life/campuses/cesar-chavez.html\">César E. Chávez Campus\u003c/a> at San Diego College of Continuing Education, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Parks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sacramento365.com/venue/cesar-chavez-plaza/\">Cesar Chavez Plaza\u003c/a>, Sacramento\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjose.org/listings/plaza-de-cesar-chavez\">Plaza de César Chávez\u003c/a>, San José\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/cesar-chavez-park\">César Chávez Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.portofsandiego.org/experiences/where-go/cesar-chavez-park\">César Chávez Park\u003c/a>, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksforcalifornia.org/project/1368/\">Cesar Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Oakland\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077040\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077040\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/CesarChavezPark-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cesar Chavez Campesino Park in Santa Ana, California. \u003ccite>(Destiny Torres/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.modestogov.com/2619/Chavez-Park-Renovation-Project\">César E. Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Modesto\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.coltonca.gov/facilities/facility/details/Cesar-Chavez-Park-11\">César E. Chávez Park\u003c/a>, Colton\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.longbeach.gov/park/park-and-facilities/directory/cesar-e--chavez-park/\">Cesar E. Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Long Beach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g32288-d28168853-Reviews-Cesar_Chavez_Park-Delano_California.html\">Cesar Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Delano\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofsoledad.com/departments/soledad-community-center/neighborhood-parks/cesar-chavez-park/\">Cesar Chavez Park\u003c/a>, Soledad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/centers/recctr/cesar\">César Chávez Community Center\u003c/a>, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.riversideca.gov/park_rec/facilities-parks/indoor-facilities/community-centers\">César Chávez Center\u003c/a>, Riverside\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Libraries\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://oaklandlibrary.org/locations/cca/\">César E. Chávez Branch Library\u003c/a>, Oakland\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ssjcpl.org/your-library/locations/chavez\">Cesar Chavez Central Library\u003c/a>, Stockton\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12077027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12077027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-515109272-scaled-e1773940356467.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1443\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farm labor leader Cesar Chavez pickets outside the San Diego-area headquarters of Safeway markets. It was in protest over the arrest of 29 persons at a Delano, California, Safeway. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://lacountylibrary.org/location/maywood-cesar-chavez-library/\">Maywood César Chávez Library\u003c/a>, Maywood\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://library.salinas.gov/about/locations-hours/cesar-chavez-library\">Cesár Chávez Public Library\u003c/a>, Salinas\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofperris.org/our-city/community-info/library\">Cesar E. Chavez Library\u003c/a>, Perris\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monuments, statues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/cech/index.htm\">César E. Chávez National Monument\u003c/a>, Keene\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://publicartarchive.org/art/Cesar-E-Chavez-Memorial-Monument/dfa80730\">Cesar E. Chavez Memorial Monument\u003c/a> at Fresno State University, Fresno\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.riversidelatinonetwork.org/site/chavez-memorial.html\">Cesar E. Chavez Memorial\u003c/a>, Riverside\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Roads, streets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cesar E. Chavez Avenue, Los Angeles\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Boulevard, Fresno\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calle César Chávez, Santa Barbara\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Drive, Oxnard\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar E. Chavez Parkway, San Diego\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Brawley\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Mecca\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Coachella\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Street, Soledad\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Drive, Brentwood\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez Drive, Baldwin Park\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar E Chavez Drive, Santa Maria\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "scott-wiener-and-garry-tan-team-up-to-tackle-big-techs-anti-competitive-behavior",
"title": "Scott Wiener and Garry Tan Team Up to Tackle Big Tech’s Anti-Competitive Behavior",
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"headTitle": "Scott Wiener and Garry Tan Team Up to Tackle Big Tech’s Anti-Competitive Behavior | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>An unlikely duo of moderate Democrats has teamed up once again to \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/senator-wiener-announces-landmark-legislation-crack-down-big-techs-anticompetitive-behavior\">introduce a bill\u003c/a> banning anticompetitive behavior from Big Tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Scott Wiener, who represents San Francisco, announced the new legislation on Wednesday at the San Francisco headquarters of Y Combinator. Immediately following Wiener, CEO and political lightning rod Garry Tan extolled the virtues of SB 1074, which would prohibit any company with a market capitalization greater than $1 trillion \u003cu>and\u003c/u> with 100 million or more monthly users in the U.S., from favoring their own products and services on their own platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, all of these behaviors come down to one thing: massive, dominant corporations favoring their own products and services over their competitors,” Wiener said. “Our economic system is premised on fair competition and open markets with over a century of federal law. But a few platforms have gotten so big that the old tools have proven inadequate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738727/while-american-politicians-dither-europe-gets-busy-crafting-artificial-intelligence-regulations\">European regulators\u003c/a> have already begun to pressure Big Tech companies that function as gatekeepers to play nice and stop self-preferencing their own products at the expense of smaller companies with competing products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener cited examples from four of the largest Big Tech companies: Apple’s App Store, which can charge up to a 30% commission fee on digital purchases, and also blocks some apps, claiming they are insecure or malicious. Some developers have successfully sued over false claims and had their apps reinstated onto the store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has expanded the number of ads at the top of search engine results pages, often presenting several sponsored results before the first organic link. Paid ads are now integrated directly into AI-powered search overviews, appearing in high-volume, commercial searches rather than just top-of-funnel queries\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951943 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"The Meta booth at the Game Developers Conference 2023 in San Francisco.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta has been accused of disadvantaging rival apps, while Amazon faces ongoing scrutiny over copying competitors’ products and downranking third-party sellers. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meta has been accused of restricting or disadvantaging competing apps on its platforms, and Amazon has faced repeated allegations and investigations over practices such as manufacturing its own versions of competitive products and burying third-party retailers in consumer search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The open web — the thing that made the first generation of internet companies possible — is being quietly swallowed,” Tan said, sounding not unlike a politician himself. “We’re not here to punish companies for being good at what they do. And we’re not against Big Tech. But we are for Little Tech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener noted that Big Tech’s behavior has been the subject of litigation as well. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals and lower courts have largely \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-12-11/apple-loses-appeals-court-ruling-in-app-store-fight-with-epic\">upheld\u003c/a> rulings against Apple’s App Store “anti-steering” policies, forcing Apple to allow developers to link to external payment options.[aside postID=news_12076663 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260304-Elon-Musk-Trial-05-KQED.jpg']In 2023, the Federal Trade Commission and 17 state attorneys general \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/09/ftc-sues-amazon-illegally-maintaining-monopoly-power\">sued Amazon\u003c/a> for its anti-discounting policies. In 2024, a federal judge ruled \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12036593/the-most-important-case-about-the-internet-since-the-internet-was-invented-enters-its-final-phase\">Google held monopoly power\u003c/a> in the markets for general search engine services and text advertising, and had unlawfully used that power to keep competitors out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tan has helped lead the effort \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017551/is-san-francisco-a-bellwether-for-cryptocurrency-influence-on-local-elections\">to shift San Francisco’s Democratic politics\u003c/a> away from progressivism, and he’s worked with Wiener since 2023. Along with the California Democratic Party, Tan endorsed Wiener for his bid to fill Rep. Nancy Pelosi’s seat when she retires this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tan \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11994184/it-really-hits-home-bay-area-leaders-reflect-on-political-violence-after-trump-shooting\">made headlines in 2024\u003c/a> when he drunkenly tweeted: “Die slow” at eight San Francisco supervisors to his more than 400,000 followers. Tan has since apologized and deleted the post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given Gov. Gavin Newsom’s cultivation of Silicon Valley donors as he eyes a potential bid for the White House, some question the prospects of SB 1074 in Sacramento, along with that of its companion bill in the state Assembly, AB 1776.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener, whose initial, provocative attempt to regulate Big Tech and AI was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007087/california-blinks-governor-newsom-vetoes-ai-bill-aimed-at-catastrophic-harms\">crushed by the governor\u003c/a> in 2024, acknowledged the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going up against some of the largest corporations in the history of Planet Earth. And it’s going to be a bruising fight, but we’re on the right side, and we’re going to have a big grassroots coalition, and we will make the case to Gov. Newsom,” Wiener said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076865\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Scott Wiener speaks on his support for California Senate Bill 63 at a press conference at Embarcadero Plaza in San Francisco on Jan. 23, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wiener also said his bill could help consumers see the full benefit from the AI boom playing out in San Francisco today and build public confidence. This presumably includes San Francisco voters and entrepreneurs who feel Big Tech has thwarted their interests in conversations over legislation and regulation in Sacramento and Washington. SB 1074’s name, the “BASED Act,” winks at internet slang while spelling out its full ambition: \u003cstrong>B\u003c/strong>locking \u003cstrong>A\u003c/strong>nti-Competitive \u003cstrong>S\u003c/strong>elf-Preferencing by \u003cstrong>E\u003c/strong>ntrenched \u003cstrong>D\u003c/strong>ominant Platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AI also hands malicious actors the same speed and scale as would-be entrepreneurs, making it easier than ever to flood the web with fraudulent apps and convincing scams. It’s the kind of threat that might make less technologically sophisticated consumers grateful for Apple’s app review process or Google’s spam filters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tan waved away the concern that the BASED Act might make average consumers more vulnerable as a classic Big Tech talking point. Instead, he argued, AI is so democratizing that “having a truly secure computing environment is now in the hands of the end user,” a claim that may land differently for San Francisco voters who aren’t techies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Y Combinator CEO has endorsed the state senator in his bid for Rep. Nancy Pelosi’s seat. Now, they’re joining forces to protect “fair competition” in tech.",
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"title": "Scott Wiener and Garry Tan Team Up to Tackle Big Tech’s Anti-Competitive Behavior | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An unlikely duo of moderate Democrats has teamed up once again to \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/senator-wiener-announces-landmark-legislation-crack-down-big-techs-anticompetitive-behavior\">introduce a bill\u003c/a> banning anticompetitive behavior from Big Tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Scott Wiener, who represents San Francisco, announced the new legislation on Wednesday at the San Francisco headquarters of Y Combinator. Immediately following Wiener, CEO and political lightning rod Garry Tan extolled the virtues of SB 1074, which would prohibit any company with a market capitalization greater than $1 trillion \u003cu>and\u003c/u> with 100 million or more monthly users in the U.S., from favoring their own products and services on their own platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, all of these behaviors come down to one thing: massive, dominant corporations favoring their own products and services over their competitors,” Wiener said. “Our economic system is premised on fair competition and open markets with over a century of federal law. But a few platforms have gotten so big that the old tools have proven inadequate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738727/while-american-politicians-dither-europe-gets-busy-crafting-artificial-intelligence-regulations\">European regulators\u003c/a> have already begun to pressure Big Tech companies that function as gatekeepers to play nice and stop self-preferencing their own products at the expense of smaller companies with competing products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener cited examples from four of the largest Big Tech companies: Apple’s App Store, which can charge up to a 30% commission fee on digital purchases, and also blocks some apps, claiming they are insecure or malicious. Some developers have successfully sued over false claims and had their apps reinstated onto the store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has expanded the number of ads at the top of search engine results pages, often presenting several sponsored results before the first organic link. Paid ads are now integrated directly into AI-powered search overviews, appearing in high-volume, commercial searches rather than just top-of-funnel queries\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11951943 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"The Meta booth at the Game Developers Conference 2023 in San Francisco.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta has been accused of disadvantaging rival apps, while Amazon faces ongoing scrutiny over copying competitors’ products and downranking third-party sellers. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meta has been accused of restricting or disadvantaging competing apps on its platforms, and Amazon has faced repeated allegations and investigations over practices such as manufacturing its own versions of competitive products and burying third-party retailers in consumer search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The open web — the thing that made the first generation of internet companies possible — is being quietly swallowed,” Tan said, sounding not unlike a politician himself. “We’re not here to punish companies for being good at what they do. And we’re not against Big Tech. But we are for Little Tech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener noted that Big Tech’s behavior has been the subject of litigation as well. The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals and lower courts have largely \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-12-11/apple-loses-appeals-court-ruling-in-app-store-fight-with-epic\">upheld\u003c/a> rulings against Apple’s App Store “anti-steering” policies, forcing Apple to allow developers to link to external payment options.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 2023, the Federal Trade Commission and 17 state attorneys general \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/09/ftc-sues-amazon-illegally-maintaining-monopoly-power\">sued Amazon\u003c/a> for its anti-discounting policies. In 2024, a federal judge ruled \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12036593/the-most-important-case-about-the-internet-since-the-internet-was-invented-enters-its-final-phase\">Google held monopoly power\u003c/a> in the markets for general search engine services and text advertising, and had unlawfully used that power to keep competitors out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tan has helped lead the effort \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017551/is-san-francisco-a-bellwether-for-cryptocurrency-influence-on-local-elections\">to shift San Francisco’s Democratic politics\u003c/a> away from progressivism, and he’s worked with Wiener since 2023. Along with the California Democratic Party, Tan endorsed Wiener for his bid to fill Rep. Nancy Pelosi’s seat when she retires this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tan \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11994184/it-really-hits-home-bay-area-leaders-reflect-on-political-violence-after-trump-shooting\">made headlines in 2024\u003c/a> when he drunkenly tweeted: “Die slow” at eight San Francisco supervisors to his more than 400,000 followers. Tan has since apologized and deleted the post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given Gov. Gavin Newsom’s cultivation of Silicon Valley donors as he eyes a potential bid for the White House, some question the prospects of SB 1074 in Sacramento, along with that of its companion bill in the state Assembly, AB 1776.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener, whose initial, provocative attempt to regulate Big Tech and AI was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007087/california-blinks-governor-newsom-vetoes-ai-bill-aimed-at-catastrophic-harms\">crushed by the governor\u003c/a> in 2024, acknowledged the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going up against some of the largest corporations in the history of Planet Earth. And it’s going to be a bruising fight, but we’re on the right side, and we’re going to have a big grassroots coalition, and we will make the case to Gov. Newsom,” Wiener said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076865\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260123-signaturekickoff00448_TV_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Scott Wiener speaks on his support for California Senate Bill 63 at a press conference at Embarcadero Plaza in San Francisco on Jan. 23, 2026. \u003ccite>(Tâm Vũ/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wiener also said his bill could help consumers see the full benefit from the AI boom playing out in San Francisco today and build public confidence. This presumably includes San Francisco voters and entrepreneurs who feel Big Tech has thwarted their interests in conversations over legislation and regulation in Sacramento and Washington. SB 1074’s name, the “BASED Act,” winks at internet slang while spelling out its full ambition: \u003cstrong>B\u003c/strong>locking \u003cstrong>A\u003c/strong>nti-Competitive \u003cstrong>S\u003c/strong>elf-Preferencing by \u003cstrong>E\u003c/strong>ntrenched \u003cstrong>D\u003c/strong>ominant Platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AI also hands malicious actors the same speed and scale as would-be entrepreneurs, making it easier than ever to flood the web with fraudulent apps and convincing scams. It’s the kind of threat that might make less technologically sophisticated consumers grateful for Apple’s app review process or Google’s spam filters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tan waved away the concern that the BASED Act might make average consumers more vulnerable as a classic Big Tech talking point. Instead, he argued, AI is so democratizing that “having a truly secure computing environment is now in the hands of the end user,” a claim that may land differently for San Francisco voters who aren’t techies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "behind-commercial-surrogacy-and-its-regulations-in-california",
"title": "Behind Commercial Surrogacy and Its Regulations in California",
"publishDate": 1773925222,
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"headTitle": "Behind Commercial Surrogacy and Its Regulations in California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Commercial surrogacy is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913083/ethical-questions-arise-from-cas-commercial-surrogacy-industry\">life-changing option for couples\u003c/a> who have been unable to conceive. As one listener told KQED’s \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> in late February, her experience with ovarian cancer meant that she lost her ability to have her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used surrogacy to have my two children,” the listener said. “And without it, we wouldn’t be able to have this incredible life that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another caller was a gay father based in San Francisco, who had twin boys through surrogacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vast, vast majority of parents that have kids through surrogacy — it’s the biggest blessing of their life,” he said. “And they had to work extremely hard to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many in the fertility field — especially commercial surrogacy — were rocked by a recent investigation by \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2026/02/16/the-babies-kept-in-a-mysterious-los-angeles-mansion\">\u003cem>The New Yorker’s \u003c/em>Ava Kofman\u003c/a>, which followed the story of Kayla Elliott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott was a Texas mother of four, already carrying a baby for a Los Angeles couple, when she found out the couple had more than 20 other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076885\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2-1536x1081.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newborn lying on a changing table on June 5, 2001, in the maternity ward of the Franco-British Hospital in Levallois-Perret. \u003ccite>(Didier Pallages/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the children, a baby, was reportedly hospitalized with bleeding inside the brain and eyes, indicating potential child abuse. That prompted police to visit the couple’s Arcadia home, where they found it crowded with many young infants and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities also found surveillance footage from devices the couple set up in the house — and allegedly saw that the children were being beaten and neglected by nannies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children, including the baby Elliott gave birth to, were taken into custody, and the couple was arrested but later released. At the time, several surrogates were still pregnant for the couple.[aside postID=news_12070643 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/ivfchanges.jpg']For many of the children, the future remains unclear. Even amid an ongoing battle over who should have custody, the pair has engaged new surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are drawn to being surrogates for all sorts of different reasons, but for many of them, like Kayla, this was something they wanted to do to kind of try to make a difference,” Kofman said. “It was especially painful to realize that they might be bringing a child into a situation that not only was not great, but if anything, potentially dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is highly unusual, said Deborah Wald, a certified family law specialist based in San Francisco. She said she has never seen a child born through surrogacy end up in the foster care system in her 35 years in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These typically are very wanted, very planned for, very loved children,” Wald said. “The other times there have been sort of scandals within the industry, it’s been more with professionals figuring out how to take off with the money or those kinds of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913083/ethical-questions-arise-from-cas-commercial-surrogacy-industry\">Forum\u003c/a> spoke to Kofman and Wald about the Los Angeles family, commercial surrogacy in California and regulations around the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Los Angeles case and a trend among the wealthy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How unusual is this case — and what motivated the Los Angeles couple?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ava Kofman:\u003c/strong> It’s incredibly unusual to have this many children, and certainly it seems like what was going on inside the home is quite unusual … but there’s also nothing stopping people from having as many children as they would like through surrogacy or assisted reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been some \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/us-news/chinese-billionaires-surrogacy-pregnancy-7fdfc0c3?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=AWEtsqdvbDQdnj9DIEnvCQrLrOYqKlcKqN_RtWLgcWH0dqcHyBD7bV1NGX_HvtmmF3w%3D&gaa_ts=69afae86&gaa_sig=hsKIq7GlEe6jTV_AiBszh8M-VLOFzbVMW-UnX2fkYed7Ly-9K5nIrY-HLpdrbwJtFK3lWqMpL15gNRrlnAJy4w%3D%3D\">great reporting recently in the\u003cem> Wall Street Journa\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>l\u003c/em>, as well, showing people having upward of 100 children, in part, using surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[The couple] wanted to have a big family; they wanted to have a lot of kids as they got older, who could be successful and carry on the family bloodline and legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It does seem like this is part of a wider trend we’ve seen with \u003ca href=\"https://www.today.com/parents/parents/elon-musk-kids-rcna19692\">billionaires like Elon Musk [who has 14 children]\u003c/a> and others who are really interested in spreading their gene pool and their legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046885 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed-1536x1021.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shocking case in Los Angeles has rocked the fertility industry, sparking a conversation around commercial surrogacy and regulations. \u003ccite>(iStock/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How were they able to have over 20 children through surrogates?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman: \u003c/strong>This couple — after they had a few children through a professional surrogate agency — actually opened their own agency. And this is what was called Mark Surrogacy. As far as I could tell, no one’s really done this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surrogates had no awareness of this, and neither, it seems, did some of the attorneys working with the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most parents are using an agency because they \u003cem>want \u003c/em>a middleman, right? They want to be protected; they want to have someone who really knows the ropes. It’s a field with its own legal particularities. There [are] all kinds of things that can easily go right with experienced people, and can easily go wrong without them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If Kayla Elliott or any other surrogates wanted to get custody of the child in this case, could they? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman: \u003c/strong>Legally, it seemed like it would have been quite complicated. She definitely didn’t have any legal custody off the bat, and no surrogates do. The industry kind of wouldn’t work if that [were] the case … the surrogate is not biologically related most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states … there’s no federal regulation … and it’s so, so state-based. And some states are in fact even silent on the question of how surrogacy should work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The regulations and practices around surrogacy in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are all versions of surrogacy commercial? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deborah Wald: \u003c/strong>I want to make sure everyone’s aware, there’s a huge amount of surrogacy that happens … [for example] a sister having a baby for her infertile sister, that kind of thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it’s very accepted within certain cultures and in certain communities that if you can’t have a baby and you have someone who loves you who’s going to do that, they’ll do it for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12075793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12075793\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602.jpg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A couple holds hands as they meet with a pregnant woman who is interviewing them for potential adoptive parents. \u003ccite>(SDI Productions via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the typical compensation rates for commercial surrogacy in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>It varies a lot. So this is what the women themselves get paid. This has nothing to do with what the doctors charge or what the agencies charge. Typical rates were in the $30,000 to $50,000 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I still do sometimes see that. But I also recently saw a $120,000 fee to the surrogate herself. So it’s really jumped during and since COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there protections around surrogacy in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>Every surrogate I’ve ever represented has been looking for the same reassurance that intended parents look for, which is that she’s not doing this because she wants another child. And she wants to know that no matter what, the intended parents can’t bail. That the baby will be theirs, that she will not be legally and financially responsible for a child that’s not genetically hers, and that she never intended to parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law actually requires that a surrogate have a right to independent legal counsel of her own choosing. It can’t be the same attorney who works for the agency or the same attorney who’s representing the intended parents.[aside postID=forum_2010101913083 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2026/02/GettyImages-2225535809-2000x1333.jpg']She has a right to have all her medical care paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our law is clear that until the moment she gives birth, even if there’s been a pre-birth determination that the intended parents will be the legal parents, that doesn’t go into effect till the moment she gives birth. So there won’t be conflict over her right to make medical choices for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any state, when a woman gives birth, she’s the mother unless a court has said she isn’t. And so, for the intended parents to become the legal parents, there has to be an actual court action in almost every state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, we do allow that court action to happen before the baby’s born, so there is complete clarity at the moment of birth as to who the parents are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It facilitates medical decision-making for the baby. It facilitates making sure the baby is on the parents’ health insurance from the beginning. And that the intended parents are able to take the baby home from the hospital. That if the surrogate is ready to be discharged before the baby is, she’s free to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of benefits to having everything clear before the baby’s born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there future regulations that experts are looking at?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald:\u003c/strong> I was one of the attorneys who worked on our statutory structure for gestational surrogacy in California, with an eye toward making sure surrogates were well protected by it. But [Kofman’s reporting] certainly has brought other holes to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things in real time we’re talking about right now is enacting a surrogate’s Bill of Rights for the state of California, that would include the protections we already have, [like] that she has a right to make her own medical decisions, that she has a right to counsel and good health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly in response to the Mark Surrogacy situation, we’re talking about including that she has a right to better disclosures about who she’s carrying for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046881\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046881 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California law actually requires that a surrogate have a right to independent legal counsel of her own choosing. It can’t be the same attorney who works for the agency or the same attorney who’s representing the intended parents. \u003ccite>(MoMo Productions/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman: \u003c/strong>Just from doing this reporting and talking to so many of these surrogates, I’d like to just lift up kind of what they’ve told me they want to see the most, which is just a lot more transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They went through such extensive vetting — psychological evaluations. Now, it’s also clear that some intended parents do the same, but that’s not often the case. That certainly wasn’t the case here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s already such a kind of a potential for a power asymmetry. There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/us-news/surrogacy-unregulated-debts-profits-b9fdd987?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=AWEtsqc6VTBbJAQD14SIAJz06ZQSQDHkRTqfwaxeHircQ2OXbcTIQyPrfEzaejcoZ00%3D&gaa_ts=69af9a29&gaa_sig=AT4QNSJUCK78FyjVv_Gy3eOaEI6-EBddUwynFBqmzVqMDiQ8IvkGBGtKEFnqfoJY_jle0jk_Hqms2DbkPDTmwA%3D%3D\">a financial asymmetry in the exchange\u003c/a>, of course … just rectifying that with truly independent legal counsel, with the ability for agencies to ask hard questions of the parents, like they’re asking of the surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the surrogates to just know what they’re getting into. A surrogate wants to know if they’re bringing a baby into a home with 15 other children or a home with one other child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thinking of Elon Musk, some people may wonder about the \u003cem>number \u003c/em>of kids families may be having. Can you speak about this a little bit? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>What was one of the things that was so unusual about this case was, you know, people actually raising all, I mean, even Elon Musk, I don’t think he’s actually raising the 14 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But who’s supposed to decide that? It makes me very nervous to think about the state determining how many children a family can have. I agree that there’s an ethical and moral conversation to be had. State regulation is different from that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11934757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2121px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11934757 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327.jpg\" alt=\"The midsection of a pregnant Black woman holding her belly.\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327.jpg 2121w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“People are drawn to being surrogates for all sorts of different reasons, but for many of them, like Kayla, this was something they wanted to do to kind of try to make a difference,” The New Yorker’s Ava Kofman said. \u003ccite>(LWA/Dann Tardif via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about strengthening requirements for setting up surrogacy \u003cem>agencies\u003c/em>? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman:\u003c/strong> Right now, it’s very easy to set up a surrogacy agency in every state but New York. [States don’t] require any sort of license. It’s much easier to set up a surrogacy agency than it is to set up a hair salon or adoption agency or child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>Within the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acal.org/\">Academy of California Adoption and Assisted Reproduction Lawyers\u003c/a>, we’re definitely looking at the New York statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is something we’re looking at, whether we should look at a licensing requirement in the state of California and what that would look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not easy to get legislation passed. That’s probably true in every state. It’s certainly true in this state. And particularly if it’s gonna cost the state money. So who’s gonna regulate that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we have to look at all of that when we try to figure out how realistic it is. But I can tell you that there are big conversations happening and a lot of smart, ethical people invested in trying to figure out how to make sure nothing like this happens again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Commercial surrogacy is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913083/ethical-questions-arise-from-cas-commercial-surrogacy-industry\">life-changing option for couples\u003c/a> who have been unable to conceive. As one listener told KQED’s \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> in late February, her experience with ovarian cancer meant that she lost her ability to have her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used surrogacy to have my two children,” the listener said. “And without it, we wouldn’t be able to have this incredible life that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another caller was a gay father based in San Francisco, who had twin boys through surrogacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vast, vast majority of parents that have kids through surrogacy — it’s the biggest blessing of their life,” he said. “And they had to work extremely hard to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many in the fertility field — especially commercial surrogacy — were rocked by a recent investigation by \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2026/02/16/the-babies-kept-in-a-mysterious-los-angeles-mansion\">\u003cem>The New Yorker’s \u003c/em>Ava Kofman\u003c/a>, which followed the story of Kayla Elliott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliott was a Texas mother of four, already carrying a baby for a Los Angeles couple, when she found out the couple had more than 20 other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076885\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/SurrogacyGetty2-1536x1081.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newborn lying on a changing table on June 5, 2001, in the maternity ward of the Franco-British Hospital in Levallois-Perret. \u003ccite>(Didier Pallages/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the children, a baby, was reportedly hospitalized with bleeding inside the brain and eyes, indicating potential child abuse. That prompted police to visit the couple’s Arcadia home, where they found it crowded with many young infants and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities also found surveillance footage from devices the couple set up in the house — and allegedly saw that the children were being beaten and neglected by nannies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children, including the baby Elliott gave birth to, were taken into custody, and the couple was arrested but later released. At the time, several surrogates were still pregnant for the couple.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For many of the children, the future remains unclear. Even amid an ongoing battle over who should have custody, the pair has engaged new surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are drawn to being surrogates for all sorts of different reasons, but for many of them, like Kayla, this was something they wanted to do to kind of try to make a difference,” Kofman said. “It was especially painful to realize that they might be bringing a child into a situation that not only was not great, but if anything, potentially dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is highly unusual, said Deborah Wald, a certified family law specialist based in San Francisco. She said she has never seen a child born through surrogacy end up in the foster care system in her 35 years in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These typically are very wanted, very planned for, very loved children,” Wald said. “The other times there have been sort of scandals within the industry, it’s been more with professionals figuring out how to take off with the money or those kinds of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101913083/ethical-questions-arise-from-cas-commercial-surrogacy-industry\">Forum\u003c/a> spoke to Kofman and Wald about the Los Angeles family, commercial surrogacy in California and regulations around the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Los Angeles case and a trend among the wealthy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How unusual is this case — and what motivated the Los Angeles couple?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ava Kofman:\u003c/strong> It’s incredibly unusual to have this many children, and certainly it seems like what was going on inside the home is quite unusual … but there’s also nothing stopping people from having as many children as they would like through surrogacy or assisted reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been some \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/us-news/chinese-billionaires-surrogacy-pregnancy-7fdfc0c3?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=AWEtsqdvbDQdnj9DIEnvCQrLrOYqKlcKqN_RtWLgcWH0dqcHyBD7bV1NGX_HvtmmF3w%3D&gaa_ts=69afae86&gaa_sig=hsKIq7GlEe6jTV_AiBszh8M-VLOFzbVMW-UnX2fkYed7Ly-9K5nIrY-HLpdrbwJtFK3lWqMpL15gNRrlnAJy4w%3D%3D\">great reporting recently in the\u003cem> Wall Street Journa\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>l\u003c/em>, as well, showing people having upward of 100 children, in part, using surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[The couple] wanted to have a big family; they wanted to have a lot of kids as they got older, who could be successful and carry on the family bloodline and legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It does seem like this is part of a wider trend we’ve seen with \u003ca href=\"https://www.today.com/parents/parents/elon-musk-kids-rcna19692\">billionaires like Elon Musk [who has 14 children]\u003c/a> and others who are really interested in spreading their gene pool and their legacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046885\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046885 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/iStock_000039661108_Large_qed-1536x1021.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shocking case in Los Angeles has rocked the fertility industry, sparking a conversation around commercial surrogacy and regulations. \u003ccite>(iStock/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How were they able to have over 20 children through surrogates?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman: \u003c/strong>This couple — after they had a few children through a professional surrogate agency — actually opened their own agency. And this is what was called Mark Surrogacy. As far as I could tell, no one’s really done this before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surrogates had no awareness of this, and neither, it seems, did some of the attorneys working with the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most parents are using an agency because they \u003cem>want \u003c/em>a middleman, right? They want to be protected; they want to have someone who really knows the ropes. It’s a field with its own legal particularities. There [are] all kinds of things that can easily go right with experienced people, and can easily go wrong without them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If Kayla Elliott or any other surrogates wanted to get custody of the child in this case, could they? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman: \u003c/strong>Legally, it seemed like it would have been quite complicated. She definitely didn’t have any legal custody off the bat, and no surrogates do. The industry kind of wouldn’t work if that [were] the case … the surrogate is not biologically related most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states … there’s no federal regulation … and it’s so, so state-based. And some states are in fact even silent on the question of how surrogacy should work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The regulations and practices around surrogacy in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are all versions of surrogacy commercial? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deborah Wald: \u003c/strong>I want to make sure everyone’s aware, there’s a huge amount of surrogacy that happens … [for example] a sister having a baby for her infertile sister, that kind of thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it’s very accepted within certain cultures and in certain communities that if you can’t have a baby and you have someone who loves you who’s going to do that, they’ll do it for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12075793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1980px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12075793\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1980\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602.jpg 1980w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/GettyImages-2183738602-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1980px) 100vw, 1980px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A couple holds hands as they meet with a pregnant woman who is interviewing them for potential adoptive parents. \u003ccite>(SDI Productions via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the typical compensation rates for commercial surrogacy in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>It varies a lot. So this is what the women themselves get paid. This has nothing to do with what the doctors charge or what the agencies charge. Typical rates were in the $30,000 to $50,000 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I still do sometimes see that. But I also recently saw a $120,000 fee to the surrogate herself. So it’s really jumped during and since COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there protections around surrogacy in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>Every surrogate I’ve ever represented has been looking for the same reassurance that intended parents look for, which is that she’s not doing this because she wants another child. And she wants to know that no matter what, the intended parents can’t bail. That the baby will be theirs, that she will not be legally and financially responsible for a child that’s not genetically hers, and that she never intended to parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law actually requires that a surrogate have a right to independent legal counsel of her own choosing. It can’t be the same attorney who works for the agency or the same attorney who’s representing the intended parents.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She has a right to have all her medical care paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our law is clear that until the moment she gives birth, even if there’s been a pre-birth determination that the intended parents will be the legal parents, that doesn’t go into effect till the moment she gives birth. So there won’t be conflict over her right to make medical choices for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any state, when a woman gives birth, she’s the mother unless a court has said she isn’t. And so, for the intended parents to become the legal parents, there has to be an actual court action in almost every state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, we do allow that court action to happen before the baby’s born, so there is complete clarity at the moment of birth as to who the parents are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It facilitates medical decision-making for the baby. It facilitates making sure the baby is on the parents’ health insurance from the beginning. And that the intended parents are able to take the baby home from the hospital. That if the surrogate is ready to be discharged before the baby is, she’s free to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of benefits to having everything clear before the baby’s born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there future regulations that experts are looking at?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald:\u003c/strong> I was one of the attorneys who worked on our statutory structure for gestational surrogacy in California, with an eye toward making sure surrogates were well protected by it. But [Kofman’s reporting] certainly has brought other holes to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things in real time we’re talking about right now is enacting a surrogate’s Bill of Rights for the state of California, that would include the protections we already have, [like] that she has a right to make her own medical decisions, that she has a right to counsel and good health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly in response to the Mark Surrogacy situation, we’re talking about including that she has a right to better disclosures about who she’s carrying for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046881\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12046881 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/MaternityLeaveGetty1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California law actually requires that a surrogate have a right to independent legal counsel of her own choosing. It can’t be the same attorney who works for the agency or the same attorney who’s representing the intended parents. \u003ccite>(MoMo Productions/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman: \u003c/strong>Just from doing this reporting and talking to so many of these surrogates, I’d like to just lift up kind of what they’ve told me they want to see the most, which is just a lot more transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They went through such extensive vetting — psychological evaluations. Now, it’s also clear that some intended parents do the same, but that’s not often the case. That certainly wasn’t the case here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s already such a kind of a potential for a power asymmetry. There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/us-news/surrogacy-unregulated-debts-profits-b9fdd987?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=AWEtsqc6VTBbJAQD14SIAJz06ZQSQDHkRTqfwaxeHircQ2OXbcTIQyPrfEzaejcoZ00%3D&gaa_ts=69af9a29&gaa_sig=AT4QNSJUCK78FyjVv_Gy3eOaEI6-EBddUwynFBqmzVqMDiQ8IvkGBGtKEFnqfoJY_jle0jk_Hqms2DbkPDTmwA%3D%3D\">a financial asymmetry in the exchange\u003c/a>, of course … just rectifying that with truly independent legal counsel, with the ability for agencies to ask hard questions of the parents, like they’re asking of the surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the surrogates to just know what they’re getting into. A surrogate wants to know if they’re bringing a baby into a home with 15 other children or a home with one other child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thinking of Elon Musk, some people may wonder about the \u003cem>number \u003c/em>of kids families may be having. Can you speak about this a little bit? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>What was one of the things that was so unusual about this case was, you know, people actually raising all, I mean, even Elon Musk, I don’t think he’s actually raising the 14 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But who’s supposed to decide that? It makes me very nervous to think about the state determining how many children a family can have. I agree that there’s an ethical and moral conversation to be had. State regulation is different from that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11934757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2121px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11934757 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327.jpg\" alt=\"The midsection of a pregnant Black woman holding her belly.\" width=\"2121\" height=\"1414\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327.jpg 2121w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/12/GettyImages-694024327-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2121px) 100vw, 2121px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“People are drawn to being surrogates for all sorts of different reasons, but for many of them, like Kayla, this was something they wanted to do to kind of try to make a difference,” The New Yorker’s Ava Kofman said. \u003ccite>(LWA/Dann Tardif via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about strengthening requirements for setting up surrogacy \u003cem>agencies\u003c/em>? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kofman:\u003c/strong> Right now, it’s very easy to set up a surrogacy agency in every state but New York. [States don’t] require any sort of license. It’s much easier to set up a surrogacy agency than it is to set up a hair salon or adoption agency or child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wald: \u003c/strong>Within the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acal.org/\">Academy of California Adoption and Assisted Reproduction Lawyers\u003c/a>, we’re definitely looking at the New York statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is something we’re looking at, whether we should look at a licensing requirement in the state of California and what that would look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not easy to get legislation passed. That’s probably true in every state. It’s certainly true in this state. And particularly if it’s gonna cost the state money. So who’s gonna regulate that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we have to look at all of that when we try to figure out how realistic it is. But I can tell you that there are big conversations happening and a lot of smart, ethical people invested in trying to figure out how to make sure nothing like this happens again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "bay-area-rep-john-garamendi-confirms-travis-air-force-base-used-by-us-in-iran-war",
"title": "Bay Area Rep. John Garamendi Confirms Travis Air Force Base Used by US in Iran War",
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"headTitle": "Bay Area Rep. John Garamendi Confirms Travis Air Force Base Used by US in Iran War | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> Rep. John Garamendi confirmed Wednesday that aircraft from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/travis-air-force-base\">Travis Air Force Base\u003c/a> in Fairfield are involved in ongoing United States military operations in Iran and criticized the administration’s attacks on civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refueling programs and planes at Travis most definitely are involved, and undoubtedly the transports are also,” Garamendi, who represents parts of the East and North Bay, which includes the base, told KQED. “As of [Wednesday] morning, no service members directly associated with Travis have been injured or killed. That may change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the base directed KQED to the U.S. Central Command, who did not respond to questions about Travis’s role in the war or the scope of the base’s involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garamendi also confirmed reports that a refueling aircraft from Beale Air Force Base, north of Sacramento, was involved in an incident that resulted in the death of six service members last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Central Command said in a statement at the time that two KC-135 refueling tankers were flying over friendly airspace when one of the planes crashed in Iraq, killing all six aboard. The other, from Beale, landed safely in Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The circumstances of the incident are under investigation. However, the loss of the aircraft was not due to hostile fire or friendly fire,” Central Command said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037936\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A KC-10 Extender is parked on the ramp as a C-5M Super Galaxy takes off at Travis Air Force Base, California, on March 16, 2017. \u003ccite>(Hum Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pictures of the plane that landed, published by Israeli media, show a damaged tail fin and markings identifying it as coming from Beale AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The crew apparently was not from Beale,” Garamendi said, “and the plane that did crash was not from Beale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the start of U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, U.S. Northern Command ordered heightened security measures at military installations across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12075513/travis-air-force-base-beefs-up-security-amid-iran-war#:~:text=Katie%20DeBenedetti,military%20infrastructure%20and%20senior%20leaders.\">Travis told KQED\u003c/a> earlier this month that valid identification would be required for all personnel and visitors and warned people to expect delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garamendi, a member of the House Armed Services Committee, has been highly critical of America’s attacks on Iran and of its handling by top members of the Trump administration, including Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.[aside postID=news_12075377 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/RoKhannaGetty1.jpg']“The entire operation is illegal, unconstitutional,” Garamendi said. “In this case, the president simply woke up one morning and decided he’s going to go to war. [He] never consulted Congress, and the result of that is the chaos that exists. Chaos within the operations, the missile strike on a school. We undoubtedly will have additional casualties, civilian casualties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump has deflected questions about whether America was responsible for a missile strike on an Iranian elementary school that killed roughly 170 civilians, mostly young girls. When asked, he suggested that Iran was responsible for the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>the New York Times \u003c/em>has reported that preliminary findings from the military investigation into the strike point to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The final report from the Department of Defense has not been issued,” Garamendi said. “All of the information that has been gathered, both public and private, would lead to the conclusion that it was an American missile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garamendi and other members of Congress recently signed a letter to Hegseth requesting information on this specific bombing and on the U.S. efforts to minimize civilian casualties. The congressman said he hopes to get answers soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we are in week three of this war, and it looks as though there’s going to be more days ahead and more deaths. Hopefully no more schools, but we’ll see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> Rep. John Garamendi confirmed Wednesday that aircraft from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/travis-air-force-base\">Travis Air Force Base\u003c/a> in Fairfield are involved in ongoing United States military operations in Iran and criticized the administration’s attacks on civilians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refueling programs and planes at Travis most definitely are involved, and undoubtedly the transports are also,” Garamendi, who represents parts of the East and North Bay, which includes the base, told KQED. “As of [Wednesday] morning, no service members directly associated with Travis have been injured or killed. That may change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the base directed KQED to the U.S. Central Command, who did not respond to questions about Travis’s role in the war or the scope of the base’s involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garamendi also confirmed reports that a refueling aircraft from Beale Air Force Base, north of Sacramento, was involved in an incident that resulted in the death of six service members last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Central Command said in a statement at the time that two KC-135 refueling tankers were flying over friendly airspace when one of the planes crashed in Iraq, killing all six aboard. The other, from Beale, landed safely in Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The circumstances of the incident are under investigation. However, the loss of the aircraft was not due to hostile fire or friendly fire,” Central Command said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12037936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12037936\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/TravisAirForceBaseGetty2-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A KC-10 Extender is parked on the ramp as a C-5M Super Galaxy takes off at Travis Air Force Base, California, on March 16, 2017. \u003ccite>(Hum Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pictures of the plane that landed, published by Israeli media, show a damaged tail fin and markings identifying it as coming from Beale AFB.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The crew apparently was not from Beale,” Garamendi said, “and the plane that did crash was not from Beale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the start of U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, U.S. Northern Command ordered heightened security measures at military installations across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12075513/travis-air-force-base-beefs-up-security-amid-iran-war#:~:text=Katie%20DeBenedetti,military%20infrastructure%20and%20senior%20leaders.\">Travis told KQED\u003c/a> earlier this month that valid identification would be required for all personnel and visitors and warned people to expect delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garamendi, a member of the House Armed Services Committee, has been highly critical of America’s attacks on Iran and of its handling by top members of the Trump administration, including Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The entire operation is illegal, unconstitutional,” Garamendi said. “In this case, the president simply woke up one morning and decided he’s going to go to war. [He] never consulted Congress, and the result of that is the chaos that exists. Chaos within the operations, the missile strike on a school. We undoubtedly will have additional casualties, civilian casualties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Donald Trump has deflected questions about whether America was responsible for a missile strike on an Iranian elementary school that killed roughly 170 civilians, mostly young girls. When asked, he suggested that Iran was responsible for the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>the New York Times \u003c/em>has reported that preliminary findings from the military investigation into the strike point to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The final report from the Department of Defense has not been issued,” Garamendi said. “All of the information that has been gathered, both public and private, would lead to the conclusion that it was an American missile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garamendi and other members of Congress recently signed a letter to Hegseth requesting information on this specific bombing and on the U.S. efforts to minimize civilian casualties. The congressman said he hopes to get answers soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we are in week three of this war, and it looks as though there’s going to be more days ahead and more deaths. Hopefully no more schools, but we’ll see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "who-is-the-bear-on-the-california-flag-a-story-bigger-than-one-legend",
"title": "Who Is the Bear on the California Flag? A Story Bigger Than One Legend",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">View\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#Viewthefullepisodetranscript\"> the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many state flags stick to geometric designs. Wyoming has a buffalo, Louisiana has a pelican. But the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> flag has a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> listener Mark Karn was researching the flag one day when he found an unexpected story behind it, one that has been repeated for many years in newspapers, videos, and websites. He read that the bear on California’s flag was modeled after a famous bear named Monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as he looked into the history further, Karn started to have doubts. He noticed some inconsistencies in the story that made him question whether Monarch was indeed the bear on our flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California used to have thousands of grizzlies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, historians estimate there were \u003ca href=\"https://nhmlac.org/california-grizzly-bear#:~:text=Some%20have%20estimated%20that%20California,skins%20and%20skeletons%20in%20existence.\">10,000 grizzly bears\u003c/a> in California, living alongside hundreds of thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Spanish ranchers and then gold miners who flooded into California in the 1800s portrayed the animals as brutal, bloodthirsty killers, even though grizzlies mostly minded their own business unless provoked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076801\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076801\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1339\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED-1536x1028.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It is often said that the bear on the modern California state flag is based on “Monarch,” one of the last grizzly bears to live in the state. But researchers now believe it was based on the drawing of another bear, Samson. \u003ccite>(Joseph Sohm/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You see the bear being really cast as this obstacle to progress, much like the wolves and much like native people,” said Devlin Gandy, tribal liaison for the California Grizzly Alliance. “As something that has to be done away with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bounties on grizzlies became common. Ranchers often put strychnine onto the carcasses of dead cows. By the late 1800s, very few grizzlies were left in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch the bear’s infamous life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1887, after getting kicked out of Harvard for bad behavior, William Randolph Hearst landed back in his hometown of San Francisco, where his father gave him a small newspaper called the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was in his 20s and thought it would be great publicity if someone from the Examiner could capture one of the last California grizzly bears and bring it back to San Francisco alive. So, he tasked one of his reporters, Allen Kelly, with the assignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly had never actually hunted a bear before. But he strapped on a bandolier of ammunition and struck out for the mountains of Southern California, where it was rumored there were still a few grizzlies left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076803\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED-1536x1229.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The taxidermied form of Monarch the bear is part of an exhibit called California: State of Nature on display at the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Gayle Laird/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With help from local hunters, Kelly spent months hiking around the mountains looking for bears with no luck. But eventually, a monstrous grizzly came to his camp and walked into one of the traps he had set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, that’s how \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/460837694/?match=1&terms=monarch%20the%20bear\">Kelly reported\u003c/a> it in the \u003cem>Examiner \u003c/em>at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gandy thinks there was no trap. “[Monarch] was actually probably captured by some of the vaqueros using lassos,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, Kelly later \u003ca href=\"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/15276/15276-h/15276-h.htm#chap02\">retold his story\u003c/a> in a book, this time saying that some Mexicans caught the bear, and he heard about it and went and bought it from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076813\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076813\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-08-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-08-KQED.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-08-KQED-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1875 image of Woodward’s Gardens, an attraction that was open in the Mission District from 1866 to 189. It featured a museum, art gallery, zoo, rides and more. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kelly called the bear “Monarch,” as an advertisement for the \u003cem>Examiner\u003c/em>, which had the slogan: “The Monarch of the Dailies.” He brought Monarch, via sled, wagon and train, to a place called Woodward’s Garden in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800’s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/Woodward%27s_Gardens,_c._1860s\">Woodward’s Garden \u003c/a>was an amusement park in the Mission, near where the Armory is now. It had an aquatic carousel, balloon rides, camel rides and an 8-foot-3-inch-tall man who was billed as a giant. It was kind of a carnival, and a sign of its times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch stayed there for five years, in a cage so small he could barely turn around in it. Then he was moved to the World’s Fair in Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fair, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/California_Midwinter_Fair_of_1894:_An_Orientalist_Exposition\">California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894\u003c/a>, took up 200 acres in Golden Gate Park. It was built like an amusement park, with large outdoor attractions. There were Inuit people on display — real people — in a village of papier-mache igloos. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/article/the-racist-fair-that-almost-ruined-golden-gate-16770528.php\">There was a Japanese village\u003c/a>, which is now the Japanese Tea Garden. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/378308351/?match=1&terms=%2749%20mining%20camp\">pretend mining camp\u003c/a>, where you could go to a saloon and see a grizzly bear — Monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fair, Monarch was moved to his final home — a cage in Golden Gate Park’s menagerie — where the AIDS Memorial Grove is now. The menagerie had bison, kangaroos, elk, an aviary and now a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could walk up to the enclosure [and] stick your arm in if you wanted to,” said Rebekah Kim, head librarian at the California Academy of Sciences. “You could throw peanuts or whatever snacks you wanted to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076816\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young guest inspects Monarch the bear, on view for the first time since 2012 at Cal Academy’s “California: State of Nature” exhibition. \u003ccite>(Gayle Laird/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And Monarch lived there for the rest of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see many times he looks pretty sad behind bars,” said Kim, referencing a historic photograph of Monarch resting his head against the side of his cage, staring, it seems, at nothing. And in 1911, after over two decades in captivity, Monarch died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point, he was very overweight; he was paralyzed,” said Kim, “Their way of euthanasia was like a policeman coming and shooting him in the head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch was one of the last of his kind. California grizzlies were classified as a distinct subspecies, and for over half a century, they had been relentlessly, systematically poisoned, hunted and trapped. By the 1920s, scientists believed them to be extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How California ended up with a bear on its flag\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1846, grizzly bears were all over California, which was still part of Mexico. That year, a group of about 30 American settlers rebelled against the Mexican government and took over the town of Sonoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They painted a bear and a star on a sheet, raised it above town, and proclaimed themselves an independent nation: “the California Republic.” They said the grizzly \u003ca href=\"https://bearflagmuseum.blogspot.com/2009/08/william-b-ide-on-creation-of-bear-flag.html\">symbolized\u003c/a> “strength and unyielding resistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076800\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1474\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-03-KQED.jpg 1474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-03-KQED-160x92.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1474px) 100vw, 1474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This 1855 illustration of the grizzly bear, Samson, was made by artist Charles Nahl. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bear on that flag bore little resemblance to our current flag’s bear. “[It looks like] maybe a bear or a pig or a dog, right? It’s so hard to tell,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent republic didn’t last; California soon became part of the United States. The bear flag stuck around, but everybody was drawing it in a different way. Some versions had the bear standing up, on others it was perched up at the top of the flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1911, California adopted the bear flag as its state flag, and the legislature set guidelines, saying the bear must be in the middle, walking toward the left, and dark brown. In 1953, the state decided to standardize the flag further and try to make the bear look more like a bear, rather than a wolf or a pig. A zoologist was brought in to advise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076799\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1099px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12076799 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1099\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-02-KQED.jpg 1099w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-02-KQED-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1099px) 100vw, 1099px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of an illustration showing the raising of the Bear Flag over Sonoma, June 14, 1846. The California Republic flag, complete with grizzly bear, star and stripe, is being raised on the pole. In the background is the home of General Vallejo, an army barracks and a church. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s where the urban legend begins. Many sources report that since all the California grizzlies were dead by then, the flag’s artist used the taxidermied form of Monarch, which was even then on display at the California Academy of Sciences, as a reference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kim doesn’t buy it. She studied the relevant historical documents, especially the correspondence between the zoologist and the flag’s artist. \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/flag-correspondence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the letters\u003c/a>, the men used as their main reference a different grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1850s, a man named James Capen Adams, better known as Grizzly Adams, opened the Mountaineer Museum in San Francisco. It was on Clay Street, just a few blocks from where the Ferry Building is today. It had several live grizzlies chained to the floor, as well as elk, mountain lions, and a few eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rear, in a very large iron cage, was a massive grizzly named Samson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A painter called Charles Nahl made illustrations for \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/adventuresofjame00hittrich/page/n9/mode/2up\">a book\u003c/a> about Adams, and one of his paintings was of \u003ca href=\"https://bancroftlibrarycara.wordpress.com/nahl_grizzly_monterey_image_cropped/\">Samson\u003c/a>. It’s \u003cem>that\u003c/em> painting, of Samson, that was consistently used as a reference for the California state flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The California grizzly’s undeserved reputation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not only did Monarch’s story get distorted and manipulated, but so did the story of all the California grizzlies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most wrong part of it was the idea that the extinction of grizzly bears in California was inevitable and the recovery of them is impossible,” said Peter Alagona, a professor in the environmental studies program at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with a team of researchers, Alagona analyzed Monarch’s bones and fur, along with those of other grizzlies. He found startling results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076817\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fran Ritchie of the California Academy of Sciences works to restore Monarch’s fur. \u003ccite>(Gayle Laird/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It turns out, California grizzlies were mostly vegetarian and averaged around 500 pounds, much smaller than the monstrous sizes attributed to them. Perhaps most surprisingly, they are genetically indistinguishable from modern-day grizzlies in Yellowstone and Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re gone from California, but they’re not really extinct,” said Alagona. “They just kind of live in Montana right now. It’s the same bear. It’s just not here at the moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Alagona is working with the California Grizzly Alliance, which proposes \u003ca href=\"https://www.calgrizzly.org/\">bringing grizzlies back\u003c/a> to the state.[aside postID=news_12076077 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/251212-JET-PLAYGROUND-MD-09-KQED.jpg']He’s aware that to many people this sounds like a very bad idea. But the concept is to start with just a couple of animals, very closely monitored, in a very remote area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do a lot of amazing things,” he said. “They turn over soil and enrich the soil. They are by far the biggest seed dispersers of any animal out there in the world on a per capita basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alagona’s research suggests that with sufficient numbers and time, grizzlies could even change the state’s vegetation and create firebreaks. But to him, the most important benefit is less tangible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re more about imagination,” Alagona said. “They’re more about this idea that yes, we can restore things that seem unrestorable. To me, that’s what the bear does for us is it enables you to see a different kind of future by showing you a little bit more about yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">\u003c/a>Episode transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Out of the 50 states that make up the union, California is considered pretty cool. We’ve got the good weather, the stunning coastline, those laid-back vibes. And we’ve definitely got a cool state flag. If you’ve looked at other flags, many stick to geometric designs. Wyoming does have a buffalo. Louisiana’s got a pelican. But California? Our flag has a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> listener Mark Karn was researching the flag one day,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I like to read a lot, and whenever I read, I like to, um, go off on tangents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>He found an unexpected story behind it — one that has been repeated for many years in newspapers, videos, and websites. He read that the bear on our flag was modeled after a famous bear named Monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch was one of California’s last grizzlies, captured in the mountains and then put on display in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I kind of deep dived into Monarch the bear. I was fascinated by it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>Mark has always had a passion for wild animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I was born in Nigeria and grew up in South Africa. I love looking at nature in its wild state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>As a teenager, he would take a book out to a remote watering hole where he’d read and wait for animals to come and drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>And I used to see a little, uh, a duiker. A duiker is a very small antelope. I used to watch the duiker come and, and drink water at the water hole. Definitely one of my most memorable moments, and you know, my happy memories. \u003cem>(Laughs.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>So, Mark was dismayed to learn that Monarch, this big, powerful grizzly, was kept behind bars for most of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I kind of cringe at animals in zoos. You know, they supposedly live longer, but to me there’s a, a beauty that they lack when they’re in a cage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>And while he was doing his own research, he noticed some inconsistencies in Monarch’s story that made him question if Monarch was indeed the bear on our flag. So he reached out to \u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>The bear on the California flag, is it the actual Monarch the Bear that they claim it is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>To find out if it really was, and to sort through some of the other legends around the bear, reporter Katherine Monahan went to meet Monarch. Or rather, his taxidermied form, more than a century old, on display at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of chatter and kids in an echoey space\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> It’s a weekday afternoon, and the academy is packed with kids and families, mostly checking out the aquarium or the T-rex. They don’t all head for this dimly lit corner of the California exhibit. But those who do\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor: \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Wow. That is crazy. Man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Get to see a California grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 2: \u003c/strong>Did you know we had grizzly bears?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 3: \u003c/strong>We don’t have ’em anymore, do we?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch is powerful-looking, with a muscular hump above his shoulders. He’s dark and shaggy and bigger than a black bear for sure, but not nearly as big as, say, a two-ton polar bear. His claws, though\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 2: \u003c/strong>They look lethal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> They’re easily as long as my fingers. There’s a cast paw print where people can put their own hand in to compare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 4: \u003c/strong>Go put your hand in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 5: \u003c/strong>Oh my goodness. That’s just the palm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch is standing flat on all fours with kind of a Mona Lisa smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 6: \u003c/strong>Was he old?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> He looks peaceful. But then, he is taxidermied, quite literally a puppet. And we could have made him look however we wanted. Which, in many ways, is what we did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music starts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy:\u003c/strong> So much of what we know about grizzlies is a myth. It’s fictitious, it’s fear-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> That’s Devlin Gandy, tribal liaison for the California Grizzly Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it’s estimated there were ten thousand grizzly bears in the state before the California Gold Rush. And, hundreds of thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>It’s very abundantly clear that they not only existed alongside grizzlies, but they thrived with grizzlies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> But the Spanish ranchers and then the gold miners who flooded into California in the 1800s saw the bears differently. They told sensational stories that featured the animals as brutal, bloodthirsty killers — even though grizzlies mostly minded their own business unless provoked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>You see the bear being really cast as this, um, obstacle to progress, much like the wolves and much like native people, and as something that, you know, has to be done away with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Bounties on grizzlies became common. Mostly, they were killed with poison. Ranchers put strychnine onto the carcasses of dead cows. By the late 1800s, very few grizzlies were left in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>It’s a time of extreme ecological degradation, and you start to get this romanticism for the West, this romantic notion of Native Americans and wildlife. And Monarch falls right into that narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Enter William Randolph Hearst. In 1887, after getting kicked out of Harvard for bad behavior, he landed back in his hometown of San Francisco. Where his father gave him a small newspaper called the San Francisco Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>Hearst is leading this new wave of journalism that has a lot of sensationalism tied to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> He was about 25 years old. And he thought it would be great publicity if someone from the Examiner could capture a live grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked one of his reporters, Allen Kelly, to do it. Kelly clearly got right into character, as you can see in his portrait from the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>He has these bandoliers of ammunition on both sides of his chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s just like he’s trying to be Rambo. You’re like, what are you doing, dude?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Kelly had never actually hunted a bear before. So when he struck out for the mountains of Southern California, where it was rumored there were still a few grizzlies left, he hired local helpers. They were happy to oblige.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>A man coming from San Francisco with a blank check from one of the richest men in California to go on a bear hunt? That sounds absolutely great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> They led this city-slicker journalist around in circles, all the while camping and eating well and seeing plenty of bear sign, but not trapping any bears. Kelly eventually caught on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>He starts to realize that all these grizzly bear tracks that he’s seeing are actually probably not being made by a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> So he fired his crew. But by then he’d been gone for five months, and he was getting desperate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>Like, I need a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Just then, a monstrous grizzly came to his camp, conquered a cinnamon bear called Six-Toed Pete in an epic moonlit battle, and walked into his trap. At least, that’s how Kelly reported it in the Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping: \u003c/strong>A great ripping and tearing was heard going on inside. The Monarch was caught at last. Upon the approach of men, the grizzly became furious and made the heavy logs tremble and shake in his efforts to get out and resent the indignity that had been put upon him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> But Gandy thinks there was no trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>He was actually probably captured by some of the vaqueros using lassos. And when they’re able to use four different horses to pull the bear’s arms and legs in four different directions, you have a bear that basically is stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> About fifteen years later, Kelly \u003ca href=\"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/15276/15276-h/15276-h.htm#chap02\">retold his story\u003c/a> in a book, this time saying that some Mexicans caught the bear, and he heard about it and went and bought it from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, he still had to transport it to San Francisco. Which he reports in swashbuckling, self-aggrandizing detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping: \u003c/strong>The Monarch was now bound, gagged, and utterly helpless, but he never ceased roaring with rage at his captors and struggling to get just one swipe at them with his paw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Naming the bear “Monarch” was kind of an advertisement for the Examiner, which had the slogan “The Monarch of the Dailies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly describes how the grizzly broke his teeth trying to gnaw through his chains. How he tied Monarch to a kind of sled and hauled him down the mountain, and then built a cage and mounted it on a wagon and then a train for San Francisco … to a place called Woodward’s Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> In the late 1800’s, Woodward’s Garden was an amusement park in the Mission, near where the Armory is now. It had an aquatic carousel, balloon rides, camel rides, an eight foot three inch tall man who was billed as a giant . . . It was kind of a carnival. And a sign of its time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Academy of Sciences head librarian Rebekah Kim shows me a picture of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>They had, like, live bears jumping from like a diving board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan: \u003c/strong>Whoa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim:\u003c/strong> Oh, and then bears in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The Examiner covered Monarch’s arrival at the garden with great drama: how one of the black bears died of fright when he arrived. How he tore through his cage into the hyena enclosure and rolled up sheets of iron like they were paper. How he was the only grizzly bear in captivity (which is not true. There was another one at the Oregon Zoo). How he weighed a thousand pounds (also not true).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ambi of chatter at the Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Back at Monarch’s taxidermy display, we talk about how the fabled massiveness of grizzly bears was yet another tall tale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> I have never seen a grizzly, and I thought they’d be a lot bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>No, actually, technically. Monarch is a little overweight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Kim explains that despite grizzlies’ reputation for being huge and vicious\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>They were mostly vegan. And they probably weighed close to like 500 ish pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan: \u003c/strong>Why would you bother being vegan with a body like that? Look at those claws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>I don’t know. I mean, and that’s the thing, it’s like a dispelling a myth. I think California grizzlies were hunted down because they were thought to be, um, apex predators and a threat to livestock and people, but they really weren’t going after those things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> It turns out the claws, along with the muscular hump on the shoulders, are really for digging. Grizzlies are omnivores, and eat mostly vegetarian. In captivity, however,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>Monarch’s diet consisted of biscuits, sugar, peanuts, not his natural diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> No wonder he is portly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>He is. He was like, um, I don’t know exactly, around 900 pounds. So double the normal size of a grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch stayed in Woodward’s Garden for five years, in a cage so small he could barely turn around in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>And then he moved to the World’s Fair in Golden Gate Park as part of like the 49 ERs camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Wait a second. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/457584756/?match=1&terms=monarch%20the%20bear\">As a live bear. He was in the World Fair?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>Yeah, he was. There’s, oh, I have a picture somewhere. He’s like in a pit. It’s actually really sad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The 1894 World’s Fair took up 200 acres in Golden Gate Park. It was built like an amusement park, with large outdoor attractions. There were Inuit people on display, real people, in a village of papier-mache igloos. There was a Japanese village, which is now the Japanese Tea Garden. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/378308351/?match=1&terms=%2749%20mining%20camp\">pretend mining camp\u003c/a>, where you could go to a saloon and see a grizzly bear. Here’s, once again, the San Francisco Examiner:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping: \u003c/strong>Monarch, the Examiner bear, is a wild and untamed beast, and has not yet been told that one of the lion tribe is likely to invade his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Fairgoers were clamouring for a lion to be dropped into Monarch’s concrete pit so they’d fight. But the fair managers, in a rare moment of good taste, refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the World’s Fair, Monarch was moved to his final home — a cage in Golden Gate Park’s menagerie, where the AIDS Memorial Grove is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>You could see a bunch of different animals. It was free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> This was the late 1800s, well before the San Francisco Zoo, and really before any real understanding of how to run a zoo. The park had bison, as it still does, but also kangaroos and elk and an aviary. And a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>You could walk up to the enclosure, stick your arm in if you wanted to. Um, and you could throw peanuts or whatever snacks you wanted to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> And Monarch lived there for the rest of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>There’s a lot of historic photos. You can see many times he looks pretty sad behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> She shows me one of Monarch resting his head against the side of his cage, staring, it seems, into nothing. After the first decade, his keepers became concerned by his apparent depression and brought a female grizzly called Montana Babe. Over time, they had several cubs. Some of them died. And in 1911, after over two decades in captivity, Monarch died too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>At that point. He was very overweight, he was like paralyzed and not moving, and so the, I think their way of euthanasia was like a policeman coming and shooting him in the head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch was one of the last of his kind. California grizzlies were classified as a distinct subspecies. And for over half a century, they had been relentlessly, systematically poisoned, hunted and trapped. By the 1920s, they were extinct … or so we believed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> When we come back, we turn to Mark’s question. \u003cem>Is Monarch\u003c/em> the bear on the California flag? Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor break\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Now we come to the question of our state flag, featuring a strong and proud-looking grizzly bear. Our question asker, Mark Karn, wanted to know if, as the legend goes, \u003cem>Monarch\u003c/em> is the bear on the flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s Katherine Monahan again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The history of the bear flag goes way back – to before California was even a state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1846, grizzly bears were all over California, which was still part of Mexico. That year, a group of about thirty American settlers rebelled against the Mexican government and took over the town of Sonoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They painted a bear and a star on a sheet, raised it above town, and proclaimed themselves an independent nation. The California Republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Academy of Sciences head librarian Rebekah Kim shows me a picture of their flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>The first one is just like a silhouette of a. You think maybe a bear or a pig or a dog, right? It’s so hard to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> To the rebels, the grizzly \u003ca href=\"https://bearflagmuseum.blogspot.com/2009/08/william-b-ide-on-creation-of-bear-flag.html\">symbolized\u003c/a> “strength and unyielding resistance.” Their new republic didn’t last – California soon became part of the United States. But the bear flag stuck around. Only everybody was drawing it in a different way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>There’s another variation where the bear is up on its hind legs and kind of standing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> In 1911, California decided to make it the state flag. And the state legislature set guidelines, saying the bear must be in the middle, walking toward the left, and it must be dark brown\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>But there are no specific specifications about what it’s supposed to look like, so then, depending on the printer, you can get a different version.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> So, in 1953, the legislature decided we needed to standardize the flag and try to make the bear look more reliably like a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>And so there is a zoologist who is an expert on California grizzlies, who’s sort of informing the designer about how to change the image to make it less like either a wolf or like a pig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The problem was, all the California grizzlies were dead by then. So what could the artist look at for a reference? The taxidermied form of Monarch could have been helpful, and there is a 1953 article in the San Francisco Chronicle that suggests it was part of the process. But Kim doesn’t buy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>No. Looking at the historical documents of the illustrator. All the back and forth is not about Monarch. The references he uses is a different illustration and some, um, images of other grizzlies in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> So it’s. Kind of an urban legend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>It is, and it is perpetuated by lots of sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Kim herself was one of them, until she did this research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong> I was like, oh no, I’ve told people, like I’ve told the wrong thing to people. Cause that has been the narrative that we’ve been fed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The real model for the California state flag, as it turns out, was Samson, another famous grizzly that spent time in San Francisco long before Monarch showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1850s, a man named James Capen Adams, better known as Grizzly Adams, opened the Mountaineer Museum in San Francisco. It was on Clay Street, just a few blocks from where the Ferry Building is today. A newspaper reporter described a dingy basement with several live grizzlies chained to the floor. There were also elk, mountain lions, and a few eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping:\u003c/strong> At the rear, in a very large iron cage, was the monster grizzly Samson. He was an immense creature weighing some three-quarters of a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> A painter called Charles Nahl made a detailed portrait of Samson. And \u003cem>that\u003c/em> painting of \u003cem>that\u003c/em> bear was consistently used as a reference for the California state flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>The entire story was, was wrong in a lot of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Pete Alagona is a professor in the environmental studies program at UC Santa Barbara. He says not only did \u003cem>Monarch’s \u003c/em>story get distorted and manipulated, but so did the story of all the California grizzlies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>And the most wrong part of it was the idea that the extinction of grizzly bears in California was inevitable, and the recovery of them is impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> To get closer to the truth, Alagona analyzed Monarch’s bones and fur, along with those of other grizzlies. His team found startling results. It turns out California grizzlies are genetically indistinguishable from modern-day grizzlies in Yellowstone and Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>They’re gone from California, but they’re not really extinct. They just kind of live in Montana right now. It’s the same bear. It’s just not here at the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Now, Alagona is working with the California Grizzly Alliance, which proposes \u003ca href=\"https://www.calgrizzly.org/\">bringing grizzlies back\u003c/a> to the state. The idea is to start with just a couple of animals, very closely monitored, in a very remote area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> You are aware that to a lot of people, the idea of reintroducing grizzlies sounds pretty nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>Um, yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> What’s, what’s your response to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>So, you know, when I started this project, it sounded nuts to me too. I wasn’t interested in that. I was just interested in learning about them. And as I went further along, I realized, it’s totally possible. Which means it’s a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> And if it’s a choice, he figures, we should make it an informed one by learning more about grizzlies. And not, this time, from what people have said about them, but by studying the animals themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>They do a lot of amazing things. They turn over soil and enrich the soil. They are by far the biggest seed dispersers of any animal out there in the world on a per capita basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> He says the biggest benefits that grizzlies might bring back to California, though, are not really about the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>They’re more about. Imagination. They’re more about this idea that yes, we can restore things that seem unrestorable. Yes, there is a possibility for things that seem impossible. To me, that’s what the bear does for us is it enables you to see a different kind of future by showing you a little bit more about yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Maybe Monarch’s story is a kind of allegory for our present moment. On one hand, we live in a time of severe environmental loss, and many of us, to some extent, feel it and can relate to the depressed, overweight captive bear. On the other hand, this is a time of incredible possibility. When enough of our natural world still lives that it may be able to make a comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who knows if we’ll ever find grizzlies in California again? But for now, we have our flag — adorned with an image of the fierce, proud, mostly vegetarian bear — named Samson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>That was KQED’s Katherine Monahan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in the middle of our experiment of dropping two episodes a week, and we want to know what you think! Share your feedback with us by emailing \u003ca href=\"mailto:baycurious@kqed.org\">baycurious@kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This question came from listener Mark Karn, and hey, who knows, a future episode could come from YOUR question. Our show is only possible because you keep asking them. Head to \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">BayCurious.org\u003c/a> and submit a question right at the top of the page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our show is made by Katrina Schwartz, Gabriella Glueck, Christopher Beale and me, Olivia Allen-Price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien, Ethan Toven-Lindsey and everyone on team KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a good one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">View\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#Viewthefullepisodetranscript\"> the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many state flags stick to geometric designs. Wyoming has a buffalo, Louisiana has a pelican. But the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> flag has a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> listener Mark Karn was researching the flag one day when he found an unexpected story behind it, one that has been repeated for many years in newspapers, videos, and websites. He read that the bear on California’s flag was modeled after a famous bear named Monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as he looked into the history further, Karn started to have doubts. He noticed some inconsistencies in the story that made him question whether Monarch was indeed the bear on our flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California used to have thousands of grizzlies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, historians estimate there were \u003ca href=\"https://nhmlac.org/california-grizzly-bear#:~:text=Some%20have%20estimated%20that%20California,skins%20and%20skeletons%20in%20existence.\">10,000 grizzly bears\u003c/a> in California, living alongside hundreds of thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Spanish ranchers and then gold miners who flooded into California in the 1800s portrayed the animals as brutal, bloodthirsty killers, even though grizzlies mostly minded their own business unless provoked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076801\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076801\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1339\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-04-KQED-1536x1028.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It is often said that the bear on the modern California state flag is based on “Monarch,” one of the last grizzly bears to live in the state. But researchers now believe it was based on the drawing of another bear, Samson. \u003ccite>(Joseph Sohm/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You see the bear being really cast as this obstacle to progress, much like the wolves and much like native people,” said Devlin Gandy, tribal liaison for the California Grizzly Alliance. “As something that has to be done away with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bounties on grizzlies became common. Ranchers often put strychnine onto the carcasses of dead cows. By the late 1800s, very few grizzlies were left in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monarch the bear’s infamous life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1887, after getting kicked out of Harvard for bad behavior, William Randolph Hearst landed back in his hometown of San Francisco, where his father gave him a small newspaper called the \u003cem>San Francisco Examiner\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was in his 20s and thought it would be great publicity if someone from the Examiner could capture one of the last California grizzly bears and bring it back to San Francisco alive. So, he tasked one of his reporters, Allen Kelly, with the assignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly had never actually hunted a bear before. But he strapped on a bandolier of ammunition and struck out for the mountains of Southern California, where it was rumored there were still a few grizzlies left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076803\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-06-KQED-1536x1229.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The taxidermied form of Monarch the bear is part of an exhibit called California: State of Nature on display at the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Gayle Laird/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With help from local hunters, Kelly spent months hiking around the mountains looking for bears with no luck. But eventually, a monstrous grizzly came to his camp and walked into one of the traps he had set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least, that’s how \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/460837694/?match=1&terms=monarch%20the%20bear\">Kelly reported\u003c/a> it in the \u003cem>Examiner \u003c/em>at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gandy thinks there was no trap. “[Monarch] was actually probably captured by some of the vaqueros using lassos,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, Kelly later \u003ca href=\"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/15276/15276-h/15276-h.htm#chap02\">retold his story\u003c/a> in a book, this time saying that some Mexicans caught the bear, and he heard about it and went and bought it from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076813\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076813\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-08-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-08-KQED.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-08-KQED-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1875 image of Woodward’s Gardens, an attraction that was open in the Mission District from 1866 to 189. It featured a museum, art gallery, zoo, rides and more. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kelly called the bear “Monarch,” as an advertisement for the \u003cem>Examiner\u003c/em>, which had the slogan: “The Monarch of the Dailies.” He brought Monarch, via sled, wagon and train, to a place called Woodward’s Garden in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800’s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/Woodward%27s_Gardens,_c._1860s\">Woodward’s Garden \u003c/a>was an amusement park in the Mission, near where the Armory is now. It had an aquatic carousel, balloon rides, camel rides and an 8-foot-3-inch-tall man who was billed as a giant. It was kind of a carnival, and a sign of its times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch stayed there for five years, in a cage so small he could barely turn around in it. Then he was moved to the World’s Fair in Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fair, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/California_Midwinter_Fair_of_1894:_An_Orientalist_Exposition\">California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894\u003c/a>, took up 200 acres in Golden Gate Park. It was built like an amusement park, with large outdoor attractions. There were Inuit people on display — real people — in a village of papier-mache igloos. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/article/the-racist-fair-that-almost-ruined-golden-gate-16770528.php\">There was a Japanese village\u003c/a>, which is now the Japanese Tea Garden. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/378308351/?match=1&terms=%2749%20mining%20camp\">pretend mining camp\u003c/a>, where you could go to a saloon and see a grizzly bear — Monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fair, Monarch was moved to his final home — a cage in Golden Gate Park’s menagerie — where the AIDS Memorial Grove is now. The menagerie had bison, kangaroos, elk, an aviary and now a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could walk up to the enclosure [and] stick your arm in if you wanted to,” said Rebekah Kim, head librarian at the California Academy of Sciences. “You could throw peanuts or whatever snacks you wanted to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076816\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-09-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young guest inspects Monarch the bear, on view for the first time since 2012 at Cal Academy’s “California: State of Nature” exhibition. \u003ccite>(Gayle Laird/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And Monarch lived there for the rest of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see many times he looks pretty sad behind bars,” said Kim, referencing a historic photograph of Monarch resting his head against the side of his cage, staring, it seems, at nothing. And in 1911, after over two decades in captivity, Monarch died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point, he was very overweight; he was paralyzed,” said Kim, “Their way of euthanasia was like a policeman coming and shooting him in the head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch was one of the last of his kind. California grizzlies were classified as a distinct subspecies, and for over half a century, they had been relentlessly, systematically poisoned, hunted and trapped. By the 1920s, scientists believed them to be extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How California ended up with a bear on its flag\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 1846, grizzly bears were all over California, which was still part of Mexico. That year, a group of about 30 American settlers rebelled against the Mexican government and took over the town of Sonoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They painted a bear and a star on a sheet, raised it above town, and proclaimed themselves an independent nation: “the California Republic.” They said the grizzly \u003ca href=\"https://bearflagmuseum.blogspot.com/2009/08/william-b-ide-on-creation-of-bear-flag.html\">symbolized\u003c/a> “strength and unyielding resistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076800\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1474\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-03-KQED.jpg 1474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-03-KQED-160x92.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1474px) 100vw, 1474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This 1855 illustration of the grizzly bear, Samson, was made by artist Charles Nahl. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bear on that flag bore little resemblance to our current flag’s bear. “[It looks like] maybe a bear or a pig or a dog, right? It’s so hard to tell,” Kim said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent republic didn’t last; California soon became part of the United States. The bear flag stuck around, but everybody was drawing it in a different way. Some versions had the bear standing up, on others it was perched up at the top of the flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1911, California adopted the bear flag as its state flag, and the legislature set guidelines, saying the bear must be in the middle, walking toward the left, and dark brown. In 1953, the state decided to standardize the flag further and try to make the bear look more like a bear, rather than a wolf or a pig. A zoologist was brought in to advise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076799\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1099px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12076799 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1099\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-02-KQED.jpg 1099w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-02-KQED-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1099px) 100vw, 1099px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of an illustration showing the raising of the Bear Flag over Sonoma, June 14, 1846. The California Republic flag, complete with grizzly bear, star and stripe, is being raised on the pole. In the background is the home of General Vallejo, an army barracks and a church. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s where the urban legend begins. Many sources report that since all the California grizzlies were dead by then, the flag’s artist used the taxidermied form of Monarch, which was even then on display at the California Academy of Sciences, as a reference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kim doesn’t buy it. She studied the relevant historical documents, especially the correspondence between the zoologist and the flag’s artist. \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/flag-correspondence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the letters\u003c/a>, the men used as their main reference a different grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1850s, a man named James Capen Adams, better known as Grizzly Adams, opened the Mountaineer Museum in San Francisco. It was on Clay Street, just a few blocks from where the Ferry Building is today. It had several live grizzlies chained to the floor, as well as elk, mountain lions, and a few eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rear, in a very large iron cage, was a massive grizzly named Samson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A painter called Charles Nahl made illustrations for \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/adventuresofjame00hittrich/page/n9/mode/2up\">a book\u003c/a> about Adams, and one of his paintings was of \u003ca href=\"https://bancroftlibrarycara.wordpress.com/nahl_grizzly_monterey_image_cropped/\">Samson\u003c/a>. It’s \u003cem>that\u003c/em> painting, of Samson, that was consistently used as a reference for the California state flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The California grizzly’s undeserved reputation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not only did Monarch’s story get distorted and manipulated, but so did the story of all the California grizzlies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most wrong part of it was the idea that the extinction of grizzly bears in California was inevitable and the recovery of them is impossible,” said Peter Alagona, a professor in the environmental studies program at UC Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with a team of researchers, Alagona analyzed Monarch’s bones and fur, along with those of other grizzlies. He found startling results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12076817\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12076817\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/03/260317-MONARCH-THE-BEAR-10-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fran Ritchie of the California Academy of Sciences works to restore Monarch’s fur. \u003ccite>(Gayle Laird/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It turns out, California grizzlies were mostly vegetarian and averaged around 500 pounds, much smaller than the monstrous sizes attributed to them. Perhaps most surprisingly, they are genetically indistinguishable from modern-day grizzlies in Yellowstone and Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re gone from California, but they’re not really extinct,” said Alagona. “They just kind of live in Montana right now. It’s the same bear. It’s just not here at the moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Alagona is working with the California Grizzly Alliance, which proposes \u003ca href=\"https://www.calgrizzly.org/\">bringing grizzlies back\u003c/a> to the state.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He’s aware that to many people this sounds like a very bad idea. But the concept is to start with just a couple of animals, very closely monitored, in a very remote area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do a lot of amazing things,” he said. “They turn over soil and enrich the soil. They are by far the biggest seed dispersers of any animal out there in the world on a per capita basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alagona’s research suggests that with sufficient numbers and time, grizzlies could even change the state’s vegetation and create firebreaks. But to him, the most important benefit is less tangible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re more about imagination,” Alagona said. “They’re more about this idea that yes, we can restore things that seem unrestorable. To me, that’s what the bear does for us is it enables you to see a different kind of future by showing you a little bit more about yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">\u003c/a>Episode transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Out of the 50 states that make up the union, California is considered pretty cool. We’ve got the good weather, the stunning coastline, those laid-back vibes. And we’ve definitely got a cool state flag. If you’ve looked at other flags, many stick to geometric designs. Wyoming does have a buffalo. Louisiana’s got a pelican. But California? Our flag has a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> listener Mark Karn was researching the flag one day,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I like to read a lot, and whenever I read, I like to, um, go off on tangents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>He found an unexpected story behind it — one that has been repeated for many years in newspapers, videos, and websites. He read that the bear on our flag was modeled after a famous bear named Monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch was one of California’s last grizzlies, captured in the mountains and then put on display in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I kind of deep dived into Monarch the bear. I was fascinated by it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>Mark has always had a passion for wild animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I was born in Nigeria and grew up in South Africa. I love looking at nature in its wild state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>As a teenager, he would take a book out to a remote watering hole where he’d read and wait for animals to come and drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>And I used to see a little, uh, a duiker. A duiker is a very small antelope. I used to watch the duiker come and, and drink water at the water hole. Definitely one of my most memorable moments, and you know, my happy memories. \u003cem>(Laughs.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>So, Mark was dismayed to learn that Monarch, this big, powerful grizzly, was kept behind bars for most of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>I kind of cringe at animals in zoos. You know, they supposedly live longer, but to me there’s a, a beauty that they lack when they’re in a cage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>And while he was doing his own research, he noticed some inconsistencies in Monarch’s story that made him question if Monarch was indeed the bear on our flag. So he reached out to \u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Karn: \u003c/strong>The bear on the California flag, is it the actual Monarch the Bear that they claim it is?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>To find out if it really was, and to sort through some of the other legends around the bear, reporter Katherine Monahan went to meet Monarch. Or rather, his taxidermied form, more than a century old, on display at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of chatter and kids in an echoey space\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> It’s a weekday afternoon, and the academy is packed with kids and families, mostly checking out the aquarium or the T-rex. They don’t all head for this dimly lit corner of the California exhibit. But those who do\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor: \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Wow. That is crazy. Man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Get to see a California grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 2: \u003c/strong>Did you know we had grizzly bears?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 3: \u003c/strong>We don’t have ’em anymore, do we?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch is powerful-looking, with a muscular hump above his shoulders. He’s dark and shaggy and bigger than a black bear for sure, but not nearly as big as, say, a two-ton polar bear. His claws, though\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 2: \u003c/strong>They look lethal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> They’re easily as long as my fingers. There’s a cast paw print where people can put their own hand in to compare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 4: \u003c/strong>Go put your hand in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 5: \u003c/strong>Oh my goodness. That’s just the palm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch is standing flat on all fours with kind of a Mona Lisa smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Museum visitor 6: \u003c/strong>Was he old?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> He looks peaceful. But then, he is taxidermied, quite literally a puppet. And we could have made him look however we wanted. Which, in many ways, is what we did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music starts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy:\u003c/strong> So much of what we know about grizzlies is a myth. It’s fictitious, it’s fear-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> That’s Devlin Gandy, tribal liaison for the California Grizzly Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it’s estimated there were ten thousand grizzly bears in the state before the California Gold Rush. And, hundreds of thousands of Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>It’s very abundantly clear that they not only existed alongside grizzlies, but they thrived with grizzlies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> But the Spanish ranchers and then the gold miners who flooded into California in the 1800s saw the bears differently. They told sensational stories that featured the animals as brutal, bloodthirsty killers — even though grizzlies mostly minded their own business unless provoked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>You see the bear being really cast as this, um, obstacle to progress, much like the wolves and much like native people, and as something that, you know, has to be done away with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Bounties on grizzlies became common. Mostly, they were killed with poison. Ranchers put strychnine onto the carcasses of dead cows. By the late 1800s, very few grizzlies were left in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>It’s a time of extreme ecological degradation, and you start to get this romanticism for the West, this romantic notion of Native Americans and wildlife. And Monarch falls right into that narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Enter William Randolph Hearst. In 1887, after getting kicked out of Harvard for bad behavior, he landed back in his hometown of San Francisco. Where his father gave him a small newspaper called the San Francisco Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>Hearst is leading this new wave of journalism that has a lot of sensationalism tied to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> He was about 25 years old. And he thought it would be great publicity if someone from the Examiner could capture a live grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked one of his reporters, Allen Kelly, to do it. Kelly clearly got right into character, as you can see in his portrait from the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>He has these bandoliers of ammunition on both sides of his chest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s just like he’s trying to be Rambo. You’re like, what are you doing, dude?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Kelly had never actually hunted a bear before. So when he struck out for the mountains of Southern California, where it was rumored there were still a few grizzlies left, he hired local helpers. They were happy to oblige.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>A man coming from San Francisco with a blank check from one of the richest men in California to go on a bear hunt? That sounds absolutely great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> They led this city-slicker journalist around in circles, all the while camping and eating well and seeing plenty of bear sign, but not trapping any bears. Kelly eventually caught on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>He starts to realize that all these grizzly bear tracks that he’s seeing are actually probably not being made by a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> So he fired his crew. But by then he’d been gone for five months, and he was getting desperate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>Like, I need a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Just then, a monstrous grizzly came to his camp, conquered a cinnamon bear called Six-Toed Pete in an epic moonlit battle, and walked into his trap. At least, that’s how Kelly reported it in the Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping: \u003c/strong>A great ripping and tearing was heard going on inside. The Monarch was caught at last. Upon the approach of men, the grizzly became furious and made the heavy logs tremble and shake in his efforts to get out and resent the indignity that had been put upon him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> But Gandy thinks there was no trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Devlin Gandy: \u003c/strong>He was actually probably captured by some of the vaqueros using lassos. And when they’re able to use four different horses to pull the bear’s arms and legs in four different directions, you have a bear that basically is stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> About fifteen years later, Kelly \u003ca href=\"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/15276/15276-h/15276-h.htm#chap02\">retold his story\u003c/a> in a book, this time saying that some Mexicans caught the bear, and he heard about it and went and bought it from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, he still had to transport it to San Francisco. Which he reports in swashbuckling, self-aggrandizing detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping: \u003c/strong>The Monarch was now bound, gagged, and utterly helpless, but he never ceased roaring with rage at his captors and struggling to get just one swipe at them with his paw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Naming the bear “Monarch” was kind of an advertisement for the Examiner, which had the slogan “The Monarch of the Dailies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly describes how the grizzly broke his teeth trying to gnaw through his chains. How he tied Monarch to a kind of sled and hauled him down the mountain, and then built a cage and mounted it on a wagon and then a train for San Francisco … to a place called Woodward’s Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> In the late 1800’s, Woodward’s Garden was an amusement park in the Mission, near where the Armory is now. It had an aquatic carousel, balloon rides, camel rides, an eight foot three inch tall man who was billed as a giant . . . It was kind of a carnival. And a sign of its time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Academy of Sciences head librarian Rebekah Kim shows me a picture of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>They had, like, live bears jumping from like a diving board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan: \u003c/strong>Whoa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim:\u003c/strong> Oh, and then bears in captivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The Examiner covered Monarch’s arrival at the garden with great drama: how one of the black bears died of fright when he arrived. How he tore through his cage into the hyena enclosure and rolled up sheets of iron like they were paper. How he was the only grizzly bear in captivity (which is not true. There was another one at the Oregon Zoo). How he weighed a thousand pounds (also not true).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ambi of chatter at the Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Back at Monarch’s taxidermy display, we talk about how the fabled massiveness of grizzly bears was yet another tall tale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> I have never seen a grizzly, and I thought they’d be a lot bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>No, actually, technically. Monarch is a little overweight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Kim explains that despite grizzlies’ reputation for being huge and vicious\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>They were mostly vegan. And they probably weighed close to like 500 ish pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan: \u003c/strong>Why would you bother being vegan with a body like that? Look at those claws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>I don’t know. I mean, and that’s the thing, it’s like a dispelling a myth. I think California grizzlies were hunted down because they were thought to be, um, apex predators and a threat to livestock and people, but they really weren’t going after those things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> It turns out the claws, along with the muscular hump on the shoulders, are really for digging. Grizzlies are omnivores, and eat mostly vegetarian. In captivity, however,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>Monarch’s diet consisted of biscuits, sugar, peanuts, not his natural diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> No wonder he is portly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>He is. He was like, um, I don’t know exactly, around 900 pounds. So double the normal size of a grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch stayed in Woodward’s Garden for five years, in a cage so small he could barely turn around in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>And then he moved to the World’s Fair in Golden Gate Park as part of like the 49 ERs camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Wait a second. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/457584756/?match=1&terms=monarch%20the%20bear\">As a live bear. He was in the World Fair?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>Yeah, he was. There’s, oh, I have a picture somewhere. He’s like in a pit. It’s actually really sad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The 1894 World’s Fair took up 200 acres in Golden Gate Park. It was built like an amusement park, with large outdoor attractions. There were Inuit people on display, real people, in a village of papier-mache igloos. There was a Japanese village, which is now the Japanese Tea Garden. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newspapers.com/image/378308351/?match=1&terms=%2749%20mining%20camp\">pretend mining camp\u003c/a>, where you could go to a saloon and see a grizzly bear. Here’s, once again, the San Francisco Examiner:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping: \u003c/strong>Monarch, the Examiner bear, is a wild and untamed beast, and has not yet been told that one of the lion tribe is likely to invade his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Fairgoers were clamouring for a lion to be dropped into Monarch’s concrete pit so they’d fight. But the fair managers, in a rare moment of good taste, refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the World’s Fair, Monarch was moved to his final home — a cage in Golden Gate Park’s menagerie, where the AIDS Memorial Grove is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>You could see a bunch of different animals. It was free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> This was the late 1800s, well before the San Francisco Zoo, and really before any real understanding of how to run a zoo. The park had bison, as it still does, but also kangaroos and elk and an aviary. And a grizzly bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>You could walk up to the enclosure, stick your arm in if you wanted to. Um, and you could throw peanuts or whatever snacks you wanted to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> And Monarch lived there for the rest of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>There’s a lot of historic photos. You can see many times he looks pretty sad behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> She shows me one of Monarch resting his head against the side of his cage, staring, it seems, into nothing. After the first decade, his keepers became concerned by his apparent depression and brought a female grizzly called Montana Babe. Over time, they had several cubs. Some of them died. And in 1911, after over two decades in captivity, Monarch died too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>At that point. He was very overweight, he was like paralyzed and not moving, and so the, I think their way of euthanasia was like a policeman coming and shooting him in the head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Monarch was one of the last of his kind. California grizzlies were classified as a distinct subspecies. And for over half a century, they had been relentlessly, systematically poisoned, hunted and trapped. By the 1920s, they were extinct … or so we believed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> When we come back, we turn to Mark’s question. \u003cem>Is Monarch\u003c/em> the bear on the California flag? Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor break\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Now we come to the question of our state flag, featuring a strong and proud-looking grizzly bear. Our question asker, Mark Karn, wanted to know if, as the legend goes, \u003cem>Monarch\u003c/em> is the bear on the flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s Katherine Monahan again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The history of the bear flag goes way back – to before California was even a state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1846, grizzly bears were all over California, which was still part of Mexico. That year, a group of about thirty American settlers rebelled against the Mexican government and took over the town of Sonoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They painted a bear and a star on a sheet, raised it above town, and proclaimed themselves an independent nation. The California Republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Academy of Sciences head librarian Rebekah Kim shows me a picture of their flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>The first one is just like a silhouette of a. You think maybe a bear or a pig or a dog, right? It’s so hard to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> To the rebels, the grizzly \u003ca href=\"https://bearflagmuseum.blogspot.com/2009/08/william-b-ide-on-creation-of-bear-flag.html\">symbolized\u003c/a> “strength and unyielding resistance.” Their new republic didn’t last – California soon became part of the United States. But the bear flag stuck around. Only everybody was drawing it in a different way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>There’s another variation where the bear is up on its hind legs and kind of standing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> In 1911, California decided to make it the state flag. And the state legislature set guidelines, saying the bear must be in the middle, walking toward the left, and it must be dark brown\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>But there are no specific specifications about what it’s supposed to look like, so then, depending on the printer, you can get a different version.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> So, in 1953, the legislature decided we needed to standardize the flag and try to make the bear look more reliably like a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>And so there is a zoologist who is an expert on California grizzlies, who’s sort of informing the designer about how to change the image to make it less like either a wolf or like a pig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The problem was, all the California grizzlies were dead by then. So what could the artist look at for a reference? The taxidermied form of Monarch could have been helpful, and there is a 1953 article in the San Francisco Chronicle that suggests it was part of the process. But Kim doesn’t buy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>No. Looking at the historical documents of the illustrator. All the back and forth is not about Monarch. The references he uses is a different illustration and some, um, images of other grizzlies in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> So it’s. Kind of an urban legend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong>It is, and it is perpetuated by lots of sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Kim herself was one of them, until she did this research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebekah Kim: \u003c/strong> I was like, oh no, I’ve told people, like I’ve told the wrong thing to people. Cause that has been the narrative that we’ve been fed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> The real model for the California state flag, as it turns out, was Samson, another famous grizzly that spent time in San Francisco long before Monarch showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1850s, a man named James Capen Adams, better known as Grizzly Adams, opened the Mountaineer Museum in San Francisco. It was on Clay Street, just a few blocks from where the Ferry Building is today. A newspaper reporter described a dingy basement with several live grizzlies chained to the floor. There were also elk, mountain lions, and a few eagles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voice over reads newspaper clipping:\u003c/strong> At the rear, in a very large iron cage, was the monster grizzly Samson. He was an immense creature weighing some three-quarters of a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> A painter called Charles Nahl made a detailed portrait of Samson. And \u003cem>that\u003c/em> painting of \u003cem>that\u003c/em> bear was consistently used as a reference for the California state flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>The entire story was, was wrong in a lot of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Pete Alagona is a professor in the environmental studies program at UC Santa Barbara. He says not only did \u003cem>Monarch’s \u003c/em>story get distorted and manipulated, but so did the story of all the California grizzlies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>And the most wrong part of it was the idea that the extinction of grizzly bears in California was inevitable, and the recovery of them is impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> To get closer to the truth, Alagona analyzed Monarch’s bones and fur, along with those of other grizzlies. His team found startling results. It turns out California grizzlies are genetically indistinguishable from modern-day grizzlies in Yellowstone and Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>They’re gone from California, but they’re not really extinct. They just kind of live in Montana right now. It’s the same bear. It’s just not here at the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Now, Alagona is working with the California Grizzly Alliance, which proposes \u003ca href=\"https://www.calgrizzly.org/\">bringing grizzlies back\u003c/a> to the state. The idea is to start with just a couple of animals, very closely monitored, in a very remote area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> You are aware that to a lot of people, the idea of reintroducing grizzlies sounds pretty nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>Um, yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> What’s, what’s your response to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>So, you know, when I started this project, it sounded nuts to me too. I wasn’t interested in that. I was just interested in learning about them. And as I went further along, I realized, it’s totally possible. Which means it’s a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> And if it’s a choice, he figures, we should make it an informed one by learning more about grizzlies. And not, this time, from what people have said about them, but by studying the animals themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>They do a lot of amazing things. They turn over soil and enrich the soil. They are by far the biggest seed dispersers of any animal out there in the world on a per capita basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> He says the biggest benefits that grizzlies might bring back to California, though, are not really about the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Alagona: \u003c/strong>They’re more about. Imagination. They’re more about this idea that yes, we can restore things that seem unrestorable. Yes, there is a possibility for things that seem impossible. To me, that’s what the bear does for us is it enables you to see a different kind of future by showing you a little bit more about yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katherine Monahan:\u003c/strong> Maybe Monarch’s story is a kind of allegory for our present moment. On one hand, we live in a time of severe environmental loss, and many of us, to some extent, feel it and can relate to the depressed, overweight captive bear. On the other hand, this is a time of incredible possibility. When enough of our natural world still lives that it may be able to make a comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who knows if we’ll ever find grizzlies in California again? But for now, we have our flag — adorned with an image of the fierce, proud, mostly vegetarian bear — named Samson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>That was KQED’s Katherine Monahan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in the middle of our experiment of dropping two episodes a week, and we want to know what you think! Share your feedback with us by emailing \u003ca href=\"mailto:baycurious@kqed.org\">baycurious@kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This question came from listener Mark Karn, and hey, who knows, a future episode could come from YOUR question. Our show is only possible because you keep asking them. Head to \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">BayCurious.org\u003c/a> and submit a question right at the top of the page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our show is made by Katrina Schwartz, Gabriella Glueck, Christopher Beale and me, Olivia Allen-Price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien, Ethan Toven-Lindsey and everyone on team KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a good one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
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