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"title": "How to Stay Safe at a Rally in the Bay Area: Know Your Rights",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area has a long history of protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you plan on attending a rally yourself, on any cause, how can you stay safe? What \u003cem>are\u003c/em> your rights as a protester?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#start\">Tips on what to have ready before going to a protest.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If this is the first time you or your friends have gone to a protest, make sure to bookmark this guide, as our team frequently updates it with new information. We also have a \u003ca href=\"#immigrantrights\">new section on what your rights are if you are a not a U.S. citizen and plan to attend to a protest.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember: If you’re unable to join a rally or protest in person for whatever reason but want to make your stance on an issue known, you always have the option to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, how to do it, and what to expect as a result, read our explainer: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013354\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12013354\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd gathers for a candlelight vigil at Harvey Milk Plaza in San Francisco on Nov. 6, 2024, organized by the Harvey Milk LGBTQ Democratic Club for the community to come together post-election. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"start\">\u003c/a>Have a plan — and then a backup plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a lot you can do before a protest in terms of logistics and planning:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Travel with friends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choose a meeting place beforehand in the event you get separated. You may also want to designate a friend who is not at the protest as someone you can check in with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charge your phone. However, some activist groups also recommend taking digital security measures, such as disabling the fingerprint unlock feature to prevent a police officer from forcing you to unlock the phone. Others also recommend turning off text preview on messages and using a more secure messaging app, such as Signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, make sure that you can function without a phone. Consider writing down important phone numbers and keeping them with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Research the intended protest route if possible\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be confusing since there’s not always a clearly stated route (a protest is, of course, not a parade), but some rallies do have preplanned routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By knowing where the protest is headed, you will be able to plan how you might \u003ca href=\"https://netpol.org/guide-to-kettles/\">avoid being caught in a “kettle”\u003c/a> or other containment method — and be able to leave when you are ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11965032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young woman stands in front of a high school building. She looks away from the camera and has the Palestinian flag painted on her rigth cheek.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deena, a high school student, participates in a walkout to demand a cease-fire in the Israel-Hamas war in San Francisco on Oct. 18, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Know who is organizing the protest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth doing some research on the people and groups behind any protest you plan to attend to make sure it’s in alignment with your values and objectives. During certain Black Lives Matter protests in San Diego in June 2020, for instance, organizers warned demonstrators to avoid specific events they said likely had been surreptitiously coordinated by white nationalist groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pack a small bag\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bring only essentials such as water, snacks, hand sanitizer and an extra phone charger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The active component in tear gas adheres to moisture on your face. So it’s also a good idea to pack an extra N95, surgical mask or face covering in case you are exposed to tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-protest-safely-and-legally-5859590\">recommend bringing basic medical supplies and a bandana soaked in vinegar\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.popsci.com/story/diy/tear-gas-guide/\">in water in a sealed plastic bag\u003c/a> in case there is tear gas. Others recommend a small bottle of water — or even better, a squirt bottle — to pour on your face and eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you get tear-gassed, it is often recommended to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Close your eyes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hold your breath.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get out of the area as soon as possible.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Rinse your eyes when possible (ideally using what you have packed with you).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Know your rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You are entitled to free speech and freedom of assembly. However, your rights can be unclear during curfews and shelter-in-place orders. The American Civil Liberties Union has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights/#i-want-to-take-pictures-or-shoot-video-at-a-protest\">detailed guide to your rights as a protester or a protest organizer\u003c/a>. Notably, when police issue an order to disperse, it is meant to be the last resort for law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If officers issue a dispersal order, they must provide a reasonable opportunity to comply, including sufficient time and a clear, unobstructed exit path,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights/#i-want-to-take-pictures-or-shoot-video-at-a-protest\">according to the ACLU\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">Read our guide to your rights as a spectator.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are photographing others, it is recommended to respect privacy, as some may not want to have videos or photos taken. This may also depend on context, location and time of day. In some cases journalists, or those documenting events, have been the target of tear gas and rubber bullets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment gives you the right to film police who are actively performing their duties, and bystander videos can provide important counternarratives to official accounts. Read our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">guide to filming encounters with the police safely and ethically\u003c/a> and where to share your footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional information can be found from the ACLU and the National Lawyers Guild — the NLG has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlg.org/know-your-rights/\">pocket-sized know-your-rights guides\u003c/a> in multiple languages. Writing the number for the NLG hotline (and other important numbers such as emergency contacts) on your arm in case you lose your phone or have it confiscated is another suggested way to ensure you have it — should you need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11958935\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A large crowd with signs gathers in front of a large stone building. A line of police officers stands nearby.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, counter-protesters, and SFPD are seen at a rally in front of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on Wednesday, Aug. 23, 2023. The court is hearing arguments for the city’s appeal of an injunction filed by the Coalition on Homelessness, which has temporarily kept city workers from removing encampments on the streets. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be aware of your surroundings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first few days of George Floyd protests in the Bay Area in June 2020, there were fireworks, fires, rubber bullets, tear gas, flash-bangs and even some gunshots. Being aware of your surroundings includes having an understanding of what possible actions may occur around you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Know the possible law enforcement ramifications of attending a protest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In April 2024, San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">she was considering charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters\u003c/a> with a felony for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982940/protesters-shut-down-880-freeway-in-oakland-as-part-of-economic-blockade-for-gaza\">blocking Bay Area freeways\u003c/a>. People who were stuck in traffic on the bridge, Jenkins \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">wrote on X\u003c/a>, “may be entitled to restitution + have other victim rights guaranteed under Marsy’s law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://abc7news.com/post/sf-judge-dismisses-majority-charges-pro-palestinian-protesters-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-back-april/15582777/\">a judge dismissed most of the charges later that year\u003c/a>, and the agency that operates the Golden Gate Bridge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12063531/golden-gate-bridge-agency-drops-163k-restitution-claim-against-pro-palestinian-protesters\">withdrew its nearly $163,000 restitution claim\u003c/a> against the activists in November 2025, several of them still face more serious charges including felony conspiracy.[aside postID=news_11984807 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/240425-STANFORDGAZAPROTEST-011-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s legal director, Shilpi Agarwal said she found the move by Jenkins had the potential to cast a “chilling effect” on speech in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” Agarwal said. And while the government can place “reasonable limits on protest” in what is called \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">a “time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>” — meaning authorities can call for certain parameters of protest for safety or other people using the space — the government may \u003ci>not \u003c/i>tell people they cannot protest. And in public spaces, Agarwal said, “people are allowed to protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of law enforcement charges could protesters face, however? Agarwal said while \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/know-your-rights\">charges for protests can be nuanced\u003c/a>, at a basic level, if you are engaged in a protest and encounter police officers who then determine for “some reason” you have violated the “parameters” of the protest, there are usually three charging options available to officers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An infraction: typically a ticket where you show your ID, get a citation and may have to appear in court. Usually, an infraction is just a fine to pay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A misdemeanor: for which “you rarely serve” jail time for low-level offenses, Agarwal said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A felony: A more serious criminal charge that usually brings jail time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Agarwal said the “vast majority of offenses that are commonly charged at protests, when the police do get involved, are typically infractions or misdemeanors.” Common provisions for protesters have been something like resisting arrest, disrupting a public meeting, and failing to disperse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Protest Law and Litigation’s senior counsel, Rachel Lederman, said restitution is common in criminal cases, adding that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">pro-Palestinian protesters who previously blocked the Bay Bridge\u003c/a> in November 2023 are currently paying “a very small amount of restitution to one person who had a specific medical bill, that they attributed to the traffic blockage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2024, California State Assemblymember Kate Sanchez introduced \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/california-bill-would-create-new-infraction-for-protesters-who-block-highways/\">a bill before the Assembly Transportation Committee\u003c/a> that would create a new infraction for those who obstruct a highway during a protest that affects an emergency vehicle. AB 2742 proposed a fine of between $200 and $500 for the first offense, $300 and $1000 for the second offense and $500 to $1000 for additional offenses, but\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2742\"> ultimately stalled in the California legislature.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Reminder: Your rights are at their highest in a public forum\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering your rights, take into account the location where a protest may take place — it could be a campus, a city council meeting, or a usually busy road. And Agarwal said that while the law is complicated and can vary in different situations, First Amendment rights are generally “at their highest when something is a public forum” — that is, a place like a sidewalk or a public plaza.[aside postID='news_11984807,news_11967439,news_11955465,news_11871364,news_11827832' label='Related Guides From KQED']Aside from the \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>, “when you have a public forum, there is very, very little that the government can do to regulate your speech,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, First Amendment rights are at their lowest at places like private homes, Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t mean that you have no rights, but it does mean that whenever and wherever you are on something that is not a public forum, the strength of your First Amendment rights starts to wane,” she said. “And the government can do more to regulate what you can and cannot say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">Read more about your First Amendment rights at a protest.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"immigrantrights\">\u003c/a>Attending a protest when you’re not a U.S. citizen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One question that KQED has gotten over the years is: “I’m not a U.S. citizen. Can I even be part of a protest?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question that’s only become more pressing against the backdrop of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\">high profile activity by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents\u003c/a> in the last year, spurred by President Trump’s promises to conduct mass deportations in his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>technical\u003c/em> answer is: yes, you can attend a protest as a non-citizen. “As a general rule, people who are not citizens have the same First Amendment rights as citizens,” said attorney Carl Takei, the community safety program director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/get-help\">Asian Law Caucus\u003c/a>: a civil rights organization based in San Francisco that offers services to low-income, immigrant, and underserved Asian Americans and Pacific Islander communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is meant to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">protect five basic rights\u003c/a>: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, peaceful assembly and petitioning the government. Whether you have a green card or no permanent legal status, you are still protected by the Constitution, and that includes your right to be part of a peaceful assembly, like a march or rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028351/what-happens-if-the-president-disobeys-the-courts-a-constitutional-crisis-experts-say\">judges have argued that many of the Trump administrations plans and actions right now flatly go against the Constitution\u003c/a>. And legal scholars and immigration advocates have warned that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12042492/what-is-due-process-habeas-corpus-definition-courts-push-back-trump-moves-limit-this-right\">the president is testing his ability to challenge due process in the area of immigration particularly.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear in mind also that there are limitations to First Amendment protections. For example, they do not protect speech that can be considered true threats, incitement, fighting words or harassment. The First Amendment also does not protect against “violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">KQED has a complete guide on how First Amendment protections apply in protests.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you’re a non-citizen who’s determined to attend a protest right now? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014436/undocumented-what-to-know-before-a-second-trump-term\">Undocumented people and green card holders have always faced additional risks\u003c/a> at a protest that citizens don’t, warned Takei — especially when law enforcement gets involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065885/ice-immigration-us-citizens-detained-carry-passports-documentation-green-card\">A green card holder is required under federal law to carry\u003c/a> evidence of their permanent resident status,” he explained. He adds that carrying a fake green card or identification and presenting that to law enforcement could make the situation a lot more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re stopped by the police, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights#:~:text=If%20you%20are%20under%20arrest,are%20not%20allowed%20to%20listen.\">you have the same rights as anyone else\u003c/a>,” Takei said. “You don’t need to consent to a search, answer questions or sign anything.” Even if the situation seems intimidating, Takei explains,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\"> you have the right to remain silent and not share personal information with law enforcement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re asked a question about your immigration status and debating whether to share false information or remain silent, “it’s better to remain silent,” said Takei.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, if you’re set on protesting as a non-citizen, the most important thing you can do to protect yourself is to make a safety plan for yourself before going to a protest, he recommended. “Write out the contact information for resources, including an attorney or legal organization, and make sure that you’ve talked with friends or family about what to do if you are arrested or if anything goes wrong,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remember there are many ways to protest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the disability community continues to remind others, there are many ways to show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can participate in many meaningful ways that don’t include attending an in-person protest or rally. This could include educating yourself, voting, talking to your community and supporting grassroots organizations, as outlined in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13881199/5-ways-to-show-up-for-racial-justice-today\">this 2020 guide from KQED’s Nastia Voynovskaya\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, read our explainer, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>COVID is still with us: What to know about your possible risks attending a protest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The good news: Your risks of getting COVID-19 outdoors remain far lower than your risks indoors — about 20 times less, said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, professor of medicine and infectious disease specialist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, being vaccinated and boosted will greatly reduce your risks of getting very sick, being hospitalized or dying from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you should still think about your risks of getting (or spreading) COVID-19 at a big event full of people, even when you’re outdoors. As with so many decisions against the backdrop of COVID-19, a lot comes down to your personal risks and circumstances — not just to protect yourself but others, too. “I think it requires people to be thoughtful about who they are, who they live with, and what happens when they leave the protest and go back home,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consider bringing a mask along regardless\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only the number of people you’ll encounter at a protest — it’s what they might be \u003cem>doing\u003c/em>. Even outside, screaming, chanting, coughing and singing all expel more of the particles that can spread COVID-19 than regular activity does, and you may decide to keep your mask on during a protest if it’s a super-crowded space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also find that some protest organizers explicitly request you wear a mask and maintain social distancing at the event, especially if the event is being attended by groups or communities at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the possibility that you might not \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> outside the whole time. “Whenever you have a protest, nobody just stays necessarily outdoors,” Chin-Hong said, giving pre-protest gatherings and meetings or post-protest dinners as examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These may be done in people’s homes. I think it’s the stuff that goes around the actual outdoor protest that I’m more worried about,” Chin-Hong said. He recommends that people “think about carrying a mask with them, like they carry an umbrella. So that they just bring out the ‘umbrella’ when it’s potentially ‘raining with COVID\u003ci>.\u003c/i>‘”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965077\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965077\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"A large crowed with signs crowds around a building that has been fenced off. Many are pushing against the fence and others are carrying signs. Almost all are wearing facemasks.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters take a knee during a demonstration outside of Mission Police Station to honor of George Floyd on June 3, 2020, in San Francisco. Three years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still common to see people wearing facemasks at protests to protect themselves from a possible coronavirus infection.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in 2021, Chin-Hong told KQED that protests against racist violence and the killing of Black people by police were themselves “a response to a public health threat, if you think about the impact of structural racism and stress on health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, when it comes to weighing the desire to protest a cause with the risks of getting or spreading COVID-19, “I think the benefits of protesting are even more in favor of protesting now,” Chin-Hong told KQED in 2022. That “risk/benefit calculus,” as he puts it, is even more in favor of attending a rally — “because we have so many tools to keep people safer,” from vaccines and boosters to improved COVID-19 treatment if someone \u003cem>is\u003c/em> hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Lakshmi Sarah, Lisa Pickoff-White, Carly Severn, Nisa Khan and Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí. Beth LaBerge and \u003c/em>\u003cem>Peter Arcuni also contributed. A version of this story originally published on April 23, 2021. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Here are some tips on safety and preparation, should you choose to participate in a protest about a cause you care about.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area has a long history of protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you plan on attending a rally yourself, on any cause, how can you stay safe? What \u003cem>are\u003c/em> your rights as a protester?\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#start\">Tips on what to have ready before going to a protest.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If this is the first time you or your friends have gone to a protest, make sure to bookmark this guide, as our team frequently updates it with new information. We also have a \u003ca href=\"#immigrantrights\">new section on what your rights are if you are a not a U.S. citizen and plan to attend to a protest.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember: If you’re unable to join a rally or protest in person for whatever reason but want to make your stance on an issue known, you always have the option to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, how to do it, and what to expect as a result, read our explainer: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013354\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12013354\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/241106-HarveyMilkElectionVigil-16-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd gathers for a candlelight vigil at Harvey Milk Plaza in San Francisco on Nov. 6, 2024, organized by the Harvey Milk LGBTQ Democratic Club for the community to come together post-election. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"start\">\u003c/a>Have a plan — and then a backup plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a lot you can do before a protest in terms of logistics and planning:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Travel with friends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choose a meeting place beforehand in the event you get separated. You may also want to designate a friend who is not at the protest as someone you can check in with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charge your phone. However, some activist groups also recommend taking digital security measures, such as disabling the fingerprint unlock feature to prevent a police officer from forcing you to unlock the phone. Others also recommend turning off text preview on messages and using a more secure messaging app, such as Signal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, make sure that you can function without a phone. Consider writing down important phone numbers and keeping them with you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Research the intended protest route if possible\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be confusing since there’s not always a clearly stated route (a protest is, of course, not a parade), but some rallies do have preplanned routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By knowing where the protest is headed, you will be able to plan how you might \u003ca href=\"https://netpol.org/guide-to-kettles/\">avoid being caught in a “kettle”\u003c/a> or other containment method — and be able to leave when you are ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11965032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young woman stands in front of a high school building. She looks away from the camera and has the Palestinian flag painted on her rigth cheek.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/231018-StudentWalkoutGaza-011-BL-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deena, a high school student, participates in a walkout to demand a cease-fire in the Israel-Hamas war in San Francisco on Oct. 18, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Know who is organizing the protest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth doing some research on the people and groups behind any protest you plan to attend to make sure it’s in alignment with your values and objectives. During certain Black Lives Matter protests in San Diego in June 2020, for instance, organizers warned demonstrators to avoid specific events they said likely had been surreptitiously coordinated by white nationalist groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pack a small bag\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bring only essentials such as water, snacks, hand sanitizer and an extra phone charger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The active component in tear gas adheres to moisture on your face. So it’s also a good idea to pack an extra N95, surgical mask or face covering in case you are exposed to tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-protest-safely-and-legally-5859590\">recommend bringing basic medical supplies and a bandana soaked in vinegar\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.popsci.com/story/diy/tear-gas-guide/\">in water in a sealed plastic bag\u003c/a> in case there is tear gas. Others recommend a small bottle of water — or even better, a squirt bottle — to pour on your face and eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you get tear-gassed, it is often recommended to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Close your eyes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hold your breath.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Get out of the area as soon as possible.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Rinse your eyes when possible (ideally using what you have packed with you).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Know your rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You are entitled to free speech and freedom of assembly. However, your rights can be unclear during curfews and shelter-in-place orders. The American Civil Liberties Union has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights/#i-want-to-take-pictures-or-shoot-video-at-a-protest\">detailed guide to your rights as a protester or a protest organizer\u003c/a>. Notably, when police issue an order to disperse, it is meant to be the last resort for law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If officers issue a dispersal order, they must provide a reasonable opportunity to comply, including sufficient time and a clear, unobstructed exit path,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights/#i-want-to-take-pictures-or-shoot-video-at-a-protest\">according to the ACLU\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955465/dolores-hill-bomb-legal-rights-spectator-onlooker\">Read our guide to your rights as a spectator.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are photographing others, it is recommended to respect privacy, as some may not want to have videos or photos taken. This may also depend on context, location and time of day. In some cases journalists, or those documenting events, have been the target of tear gas and rubber bullets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment gives you the right to film police who are actively performing their duties, and bystander videos can provide important counternarratives to official accounts. Read our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">guide to filming encounters with the police safely and ethically\u003c/a> and where to share your footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional information can be found from the ACLU and the National Lawyers Guild — the NLG has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlg.org/know-your-rights/\">pocket-sized know-your-rights guides\u003c/a> in multiple languages. Writing the number for the NLG hotline (and other important numbers such as emergency contacts) on your arm in case you lose your phone or have it confiscated is another suggested way to ensure you have it — should you need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11958935\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A large crowd with signs gathers in front of a large stone building. A line of police officers stands nearby.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS68263_20230822-HomelessLawsuit-17-JY-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters, counter-protesters, and SFPD are seen at a rally in front of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on Wednesday, Aug. 23, 2023. The court is hearing arguments for the city’s appeal of an injunction filed by the Coalition on Homelessness, which has temporarily kept city workers from removing encampments on the streets. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Be aware of your surroundings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first few days of George Floyd protests in the Bay Area in June 2020, there were fireworks, fires, rubber bullets, tear gas, flash-bangs and even some gunshots. Being aware of your surroundings includes having an understanding of what possible actions may occur around you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Know the possible law enforcement ramifications of attending a protest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In April 2024, San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins announced that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">she was considering charging a group of pro-Palestinian protesters\u003c/a> with a felony for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982940/protesters-shut-down-880-freeway-in-oakland-as-part-of-economic-blockade-for-gaza\">blocking Bay Area freeways\u003c/a>. People who were stuck in traffic on the bridge, Jenkins \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983413/could-protesters-who-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-be-charged-with-false-imprisonment\">wrote on X\u003c/a>, “may be entitled to restitution + have other victim rights guaranteed under Marsy’s law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://abc7news.com/post/sf-judge-dismisses-majority-charges-pro-palestinian-protesters-shut-down-golden-gate-bridge-back-april/15582777/\">a judge dismissed most of the charges later that year\u003c/a>, and the agency that operates the Golden Gate Bridge \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12063531/golden-gate-bridge-agency-drops-163k-restitution-claim-against-pro-palestinian-protesters\">withdrew its nearly $163,000 restitution claim\u003c/a> against the activists in November 2025, several of them still face more serious charges including felony conspiracy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU Northern California’s legal director, Shilpi Agarwal said she found the move by Jenkins had the potential to cast a “chilling effect” on speech in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lawful protests are, by design, meant to be visible and inconvenient,” Agarwal said. And while the government can place “reasonable limits on protest” in what is called \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">a “time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>” — meaning authorities can call for certain parameters of protest for safety or other people using the space — the government may \u003ci>not \u003c/i>tell people they cannot protest. And in public spaces, Agarwal said, “people are allowed to protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of law enforcement charges could protesters face, however? Agarwal said while \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/know-your-rights\">charges for protests can be nuanced\u003c/a>, at a basic level, if you are engaged in a protest and encounter police officers who then determine for “some reason” you have violated the “parameters” of the protest, there are usually three charging options available to officers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An infraction: typically a ticket where you show your ID, get a citation and may have to appear in court. Usually, an infraction is just a fine to pay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A misdemeanor: for which “you rarely serve” jail time for low-level offenses, Agarwal said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A felony: A more serious criminal charge that usually brings jail time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Agarwal said the “vast majority of offenses that are commonly charged at protests, when the police do get involved, are typically infractions or misdemeanors.” Common provisions for protesters have been something like resisting arrest, disrupting a public meeting, and failing to disperse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Protest Law and Litigation’s senior counsel, Rachel Lederman, said restitution is common in criminal cases, adding that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967536/protesters-calling-for-gaza-ceasefire-block-bay-bridges-westbound-lanes\">pro-Palestinian protesters who previously blocked the Bay Bridge\u003c/a> in November 2023 are currently paying “a very small amount of restitution to one person who had a specific medical bill, that they attributed to the traffic blockage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April 2024, California State Assemblymember Kate Sanchez introduced \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/california-bill-would-create-new-infraction-for-protesters-who-block-highways/\">a bill before the Assembly Transportation Committee\u003c/a> that would create a new infraction for those who obstruct a highway during a protest that affects an emergency vehicle. AB 2742 proposed a fine of between $200 and $500 for the first offense, $300 and $1000 for the second offense and $500 to $1000 for additional offenses, but\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2742\"> ultimately stalled in the California legislature.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Reminder: Your rights are at their highest in a public forum\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering your rights, take into account the location where a protest may take place — it could be a campus, a city council meeting, or a usually busy road. And Agarwal said that while the law is complicated and can vary in different situations, First Amendment rights are generally “at their highest when something is a public forum” — that is, a place like a sidewalk or a public plaza.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Aside from the \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">time, place, and manner restriction\u003c/a>, “when you have a public forum, there is very, very little that the government can do to regulate your speech,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, First Amendment rights are at their lowest at places like private homes, Agarwal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t mean that you have no rights, but it does mean that whenever and wherever you are on something that is not a public forum, the strength of your First Amendment rights starts to wane,” she said. “And the government can do more to regulate what you can and cannot say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">Read more about your First Amendment rights at a protest.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"immigrantrights\">\u003c/a>Attending a protest when you’re not a U.S. citizen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One question that KQED has gotten over the years is: “I’m not a U.S. citizen. Can I even be part of a protest?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question that’s only become more pressing against the backdrop of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\">high profile activity by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents\u003c/a> in the last year, spurred by President Trump’s promises to conduct mass deportations in his second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>technical\u003c/em> answer is: yes, you can attend a protest as a non-citizen. “As a general rule, people who are not citizens have the same First Amendment rights as citizens,” said attorney Carl Takei, the community safety program director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/get-help\">Asian Law Caucus\u003c/a>: a civil rights organization based in San Francisco that offers services to low-income, immigrant, and underserved Asian Americans and Pacific Islander communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is meant to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">protect five basic rights\u003c/a>: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, peaceful assembly and petitioning the government. Whether you have a green card or no permanent legal status, you are still protected by the Constitution, and that includes your right to be part of a peaceful assembly, like a march or rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12028351/what-happens-if-the-president-disobeys-the-courts-a-constitutional-crisis-experts-say\">judges have argued that many of the Trump administrations plans and actions right now flatly go against the Constitution\u003c/a>. And legal scholars and immigration advocates have warned that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12042492/what-is-due-process-habeas-corpus-definition-courts-push-back-trump-moves-limit-this-right\">the president is testing his ability to challenge due process in the area of immigration particularly.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear in mind also that there are limitations to First Amendment protections. For example, they do not protect speech that can be considered true threats, incitement, fighting words or harassment. The First Amendment also does not protect against “violent or unlawful conduct, even if the person engaging in it intends to express an idea.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984807/know-your-rights-california-protesters-legal-standing-under-the-first-amendment\">KQED has a complete guide on how First Amendment protections apply in protests.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you’re a non-citizen who’s determined to attend a protest right now? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014436/undocumented-what-to-know-before-a-second-trump-term\">Undocumented people and green card holders have always faced additional risks\u003c/a> at a protest that citizens don’t, warned Takei — especially when law enforcement gets involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12065885/ice-immigration-us-citizens-detained-carry-passports-documentation-green-card\">A green card holder is required under federal law to carry\u003c/a> evidence of their permanent resident status,” he explained. He adds that carrying a fake green card or identification and presenting that to law enforcement could make the situation a lot more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re stopped by the police, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/protesters-rights#:~:text=If%20you%20are%20under%20arrest,are%20not%20allowed%20to%20listen.\">you have the same rights as anyone else\u003c/a>,” Takei said. “You don’t need to consent to a search, answer questions or sign anything.” Even if the situation seems intimidating, Takei explains,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025647/what-to-do-if-you-encounter-ice\"> you have the right to remain silent and not share personal information with law enforcement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re asked a question about your immigration status and debating whether to share false information or remain silent, “it’s better to remain silent,” said Takei.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, if you’re set on protesting as a non-citizen, the most important thing you can do to protect yourself is to make a safety plan for yourself before going to a protest, he recommended. “Write out the contact information for resources, including an attorney or legal organization, and make sure that you’ve talked with friends or family about what to do if you are arrested or if anything goes wrong,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remember there are many ways to protest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the disability community continues to remind others, there are many ways to show up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can participate in many meaningful ways that don’t include attending an in-person protest or rally. This could include educating yourself, voting, talking to your community and supporting grassroots organizations, as outlined in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13881199/5-ways-to-show-up-for-racial-justice-today\">this 2020 guide from KQED’s Nastia Voynovskaya\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">contact your elected officials to express your opinions\u003c/a>. For more information on what “call your reps” actually means, read our explainer, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967439/how-can-i-call-my-representative-a-step-by-step-guide-to-the-process\">How Can I Call My Representative? A Step-by-Step Guide to the Process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>COVID is still with us: What to know about your possible risks attending a protest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The good news: Your risks of getting COVID-19 outdoors remain far lower than your risks indoors — about 20 times less, said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, professor of medicine and infectious disease specialist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, being vaccinated and boosted will greatly reduce your risks of getting very sick, being hospitalized or dying from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you should still think about your risks of getting (or spreading) COVID-19 at a big event full of people, even when you’re outdoors. As with so many decisions against the backdrop of COVID-19, a lot comes down to your personal risks and circumstances — not just to protect yourself but others, too. “I think it requires people to be thoughtful about who they are, who they live with, and what happens when they leave the protest and go back home,” Chin-Hong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Consider bringing a mask along regardless\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only the number of people you’ll encounter at a protest — it’s what they might be \u003cem>doing\u003c/em>. Even outside, screaming, chanting, coughing and singing all expel more of the particles that can spread COVID-19 than regular activity does, and you may decide to keep your mask on during a protest if it’s a super-crowded space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might also find that some protest organizers explicitly request you wear a mask and maintain social distancing at the event, especially if the event is being attended by groups or communities at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the possibility that you might not \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> outside the whole time. “Whenever you have a protest, nobody just stays necessarily outdoors,” Chin-Hong said, giving pre-protest gatherings and meetings or post-protest dinners as examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These may be done in people’s homes. I think it’s the stuff that goes around the actual outdoor protest that I’m more worried about,” Chin-Hong said. He recommends that people “think about carrying a mask with them, like they carry an umbrella. So that they just bring out the ‘umbrella’ when it’s potentially ‘raining with COVID\u003ci>.\u003c/i>‘”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11965077\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11965077\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"A large crowed with signs crowds around a building that has been fenced off. Many are pushing against the fence and others are carrying signs. Almost all are wearing facemasks.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS43804_GettyImages-1244191840-1-qut-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters take a knee during a demonstration outside of Mission Police Station to honor of George Floyd on June 3, 2020, in San Francisco. Three years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still common to see people wearing facemasks at protests to protect themselves from a possible coronavirus infection.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in 2021, Chin-Hong told KQED that protests against racist violence and the killing of Black people by police were themselves “a response to a public health threat, if you think about the impact of structural racism and stress on health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, when it comes to weighing the desire to protest a cause with the risks of getting or spreading COVID-19, “I think the benefits of protesting are even more in favor of protesting now,” Chin-Hong told KQED in 2022. That “risk/benefit calculus,” as he puts it, is even more in favor of attending a rally — “because we have so many tools to keep people safer,” from vaccines and boosters to improved COVID-19 treatment if someone \u003cem>is\u003c/em> hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Lakshmi Sarah, Lisa Pickoff-White, Carly Severn, Nisa Khan and Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí. Beth LaBerge and \u003c/em>\u003cem>Peter Arcuni also contributed. A version of this story originally published on April 23, 2021. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Alameda County has agreed to ban rubber bullets, beanbags and less-lethal munitions for crowd control as part of a settlement after sheriff’s deputies fired rubber bullets and injured two people protesting police brutality in 2020, the plaintiffs' lawyer said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland police officers and Alameda County sheriff’s deputies used tear gas to disperse demonstrators in Oakland during a June 1, 2020, protest, and deputies indiscriminately fired rubber bullets at the crowd, shooting Tosh Sears in the hip and Kierra Brown in the calf, according to a federal lawsuit against Alameda County and the city of Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11832502,news_11910447,news_11821950\"]Sears and Brown, along with thousands of others, took to the streets to protest police brutality and racial injustice after a white Minneapolis officer killed George Floyd, a Black man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2003, the city of Oakland has had a policy banning the use of rubber bullets and beanbags for crowd control unless there was an “immediate danger of death or great bodily injury.\" But the police department allowed Alameda County sheriff's deputies, who were assisting city officers during the protests, to fire impact munitions into crowds that were largely peaceful, attorney Rachel Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alameda County sheriff was really the main actor in terms of using impact munitions in an indiscriminate manner, shooting willy-nilly into the crowd,” Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement restricts the sheriff’s department's use of impact munitions and flash-bang grenades to situations where it’s necessary to defend against the threat to life or serious bodily injury or to bring a dangerous and unlawful situation under control, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also bans the use of shotgun-fired munitions by both the Oakland Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, and all restrictions apply not only to political demonstrations but any type of crowd event in the county, Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the city of Oakland and Alameda County did not immediately respond to emails seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of tear gas, pepper balls, lead-filled beanbags, flash-bangs, smoke bombs and other less-lethal weapons became a flashpoint in the debate over policing in 2020 after dozens of incidents throughout the country of protesters being struck by projectiles or caught up in clouds of tear gas unleashed on mostly peaceful crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the Police Executive Research Forum, an organization dedicated to improving the professionalism of policing, said in a report the federal government should create guidelines on the use of less-lethal weapons by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit filed against Oakland and Alameda County, Sears and Brown said officers and deputies began tear-gassing the demonstrators without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing will erase the emotional pain and terror I felt on June 1, 2020,” Sears said in a statement released by Laderman. “I grew up with family members who were police officers, including my grandfather ... but I just don’t feel safe around police as a Black man. I’m hoping this settlement is a small part of achieving some real change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sears and Brown will share $250,000 as part of the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Adhiti Bandlamudi contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After sheriff's deputies fired rubber bullets and injured civilians Tosh Sears and Kierra Brown during June 2020 protests in Oakland against police brutality, the county has reached a settlement that includes prohibiting police use of 'less-lethal' munitions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sears and Brown, along with thousands of others, took to the streets to protest police brutality and racial injustice after a white Minneapolis officer killed George Floyd, a Black man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2003, the city of Oakland has had a policy banning the use of rubber bullets and beanbags for crowd control unless there was an “immediate danger of death or great bodily injury.\" But the police department allowed Alameda County sheriff's deputies, who were assisting city officers during the protests, to fire impact munitions into crowds that were largely peaceful, attorney Rachel Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alameda County sheriff was really the main actor in terms of using impact munitions in an indiscriminate manner, shooting willy-nilly into the crowd,” Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement restricts the sheriff’s department's use of impact munitions and flash-bang grenades to situations where it’s necessary to defend against the threat to life or serious bodily injury or to bring a dangerous and unlawful situation under control, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also bans the use of shotgun-fired munitions by both the Oakland Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, and all restrictions apply not only to political demonstrations but any type of crowd event in the county, Laderman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the city of Oakland and Alameda County did not immediately respond to emails seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of tear gas, pepper balls, lead-filled beanbags, flash-bangs, smoke bombs and other less-lethal weapons became a flashpoint in the debate over policing in 2020 after dozens of incidents throughout the country of protesters being struck by projectiles or caught up in clouds of tear gas unleashed on mostly peaceful crowds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the Police Executive Research Forum, an organization dedicated to improving the professionalism of policing, said in a report the federal government should create guidelines on the use of less-lethal weapons by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the lawsuit filed against Oakland and Alameda County, Sears and Brown said officers and deputies began tear-gassing the demonstrators without warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing will erase the emotional pain and terror I felt on June 1, 2020,” Sears said in a statement released by Laderman. “I grew up with family members who were police officers, including my grandfather ... but I just don’t feel safe around police as a Black man. I’m hoping this settlement is a small part of achieving some real change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sears and Brown will share $250,000 as part of the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Adhiti Bandlamudi contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How to Participate in California's Reparations Task Force Meetings",
"title": "How to Participate in California's Reparations Task Force Meetings",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#watch\">Where can I watch the reparations task force sessions?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#comment\">What should I do if I want to share my experience?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#local\">How can I take action in reparations efforts where I live? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#signup\">Where can I get updates on the state reparations effort?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>December 7 and 8 mark the third substantive set of meetings for California's reparations task force. Participation is easy for now — it's as simple as logging into the conference — but it could become more difficult to access as the nine members are slated to begin meeting in person next February. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kamilah Moore, chair of California's reparations task force\"]'All interested Californians should participate no matter their identity.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established with the passage of AB 3121, authored by former Assemblymember Shirley Weber and passed in 2020, the group is tasked with studying slavery and its lingering impact on the lives of African Americans. The group also is charged with exploring remedies of \"compensation, rehabilitation, and restitution\" for Black Americans, with special consideration for descendants of persons enslaved in the United States. Under the bill, the task force must issue a report to the state's Legislature by June 1, 2022. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891771/californias-reparations-task-force-to-hear-testimony-on-anti-black-housing-and-education-discrimination-this-week\">Read more of our previous coverage here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think all interested Californians should participate no matter their identity,\" said task force chair Kamilah Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore said she also has been asking people who have experienced the effects of homelessness and gentrification to reach out to the task force. \"Black Californians who were pushed out of the major cities like LA or San Francisco, or even pushed out of the state in general because of issues of affordability and gentrification — we definitely want to hear from people like that because that ties into our conversation on the community of eligibility,\" she said. The question of who might be eligible for reparations is one the task force began discussing in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypkolboJEG8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The above video is a reparations task force meeting originally livestreamed by Emend the Mass Media Group.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Precision early on is always best,” said task force member Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis, in the October meeting. Lewis is associate professor and chair of the UC Berkeley Department of Geography. “I wanted us to make sure that we were very clear about who we were talking about and what kinds of injuries we were tracing.” He zeroed in on questions they've yet to answer: What is the cutoff point to award reparations? How long do you have to have lived in California to qualify? At what point do you have to have had arrived in the state?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Black Californians who were born and raised in the state, but had to leave, would they still be eligible for reparations? \"That's an open question,\" Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 8, the task force will host a panel focusing on entertainment, arts and culture, so those with experience in those industries are especially welcome to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few different ways to get involved. Here's how to watch, and how to participate through public comment, and some tips for finding even more opportunities to plug into local and national conversations on reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What's on the agenda for December?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before looking at how you can participate, \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-notice-agenda-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the agenda\u003c/a> is a great place to start to understand the broader topics that will be discussed. For those interested in the meeting materials, these are also available on the California Department of Justice website and link to an \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-materials-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">848-page document\u003c/a> (which includes meeting minutes of the October meeting) and two more documents (\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-materials%20p2-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">64 pages\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-materials-p3-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">68 pages\u003c/a>) that include some testimony from experts who will also provide their perspective live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public comment period for Dec. 7 is 9:05 a.m.-10:05 a.m., followed by a panel on infrastructure from 10:15 a.m.-11:30 a.m. with expert testimony from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sociology.sdsu.edu/faculty-and-staff/gibbons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joseph Gibbons\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bruceappleyard.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bruce Appleyard\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/news/civil-liberties/meet-deborah-archer-aclu-national-board-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deborah Archer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://usp.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/profiles/martin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Isaac Martin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In the afternoon, a panel on gentrification and homelessness from 1:50 p.m.-3:00 p.m. will feature expert testimony from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/staff/brandon-greene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brandon Greene\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IDoTheThinking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Darrell Owens\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crenshawsubway.org/executivedirector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Damien Goodmon\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tenantsincommon.org/zertia-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zerita Jones\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 8, the public comment period is again from 9:05 a.m.-10:05 a.m., followed by a panel on entertainment, arts/culture and sports with testimony from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.annenberglab.com/employees/arianne-edmonds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Arianne Edmonds\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://soc.ucla.edu/faculty/darnell-hunt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Darnell Hunt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.colorfarmmedia.com/congressional-testimony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Erika Alexander\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://alisonrosejefferson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alison R. Jefferson\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Once you have the agenda and decide to tune in, here's how to watch and make your voice heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"watch\">\u003c/a>Watch: Live on YouTube or the CA Department of Justice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/ETMMediaGroup/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emend the Mass Media Group\u003c/a>, a Black media outlet that self-identifies as \"laser-focused on political advocacy for reparations,\" will continue to livestream the task force meetings. Previous meetings are available on their \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/ETMMediaGroup/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YouTube\u003c/a> page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Justice\u003c/a> also will be livestreaming the meetings as of December. For those who prefer to watch afterward, or watch the two days' worth of meetings all at once, previous meetings are available on the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/meetings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Justice website\u003c/a>, which links to the DOJ \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjXa1XmcH3HxoriWp6B7TSg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YouTube\u003c/a> page.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"comment\">\u003c/a>Ensure your voice is heard — make a public comment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The task force uses \u003ca href=\"https://www.bluejeans.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BlueJeans\u003c/a>, a desktop application similar to Zoom that can be accessed through a mobile app or on a desktop computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give public comment, join the meeting through the BlueJeans app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, public comment takes place at the beginning of each day on a first-come, first-serve basis. Click the \"raise your hand\" button when prompted. Each person has up to three minutes to make a comment, after which the microphone is turned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"local\">\u003c/a>Find reparations-related initiatives locally\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While California is discussing reparations on the statewide level, many cities are considering their own initiatives. [aside tag=\"reparations\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco County\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872266/san-francisco-approves-task-force-to-study-reparations-for-black-residents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco supervisors\u003c/a> appointed 15 people to the city's African American Reparations Advisory Committee in May. Just weeks ago, actor Danny Glover and NAACP San Francisco chapter President Rev. Amos Brown, who is also vice chair of the state's task force, asked the city of San Francisco to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/S-F-s-first-reparations-for-Blacks-residents-16623294.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">give the Fillmore Heritage Center to a nonprofit\u003c/a> to rebuild a Black business center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"https://sf-hrc.org/city-fund-reallocation-dream-keeper-initiative\">follow the Dream Keeper Initiative\u003c/a> for its next meetings on reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alameda County\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2020 the Alameda County board of supervisors adopted a resolution \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/alameda-county-supervisors-adopt-reparations-resolution-for-african-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">calling for reparations for African Americans\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/02/23/state-of-black-berkeley-ca-points-to-challenges-new-and-old-for-black-residents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reparations were discussed\u003c/a> in Berkeley in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://africam.berkeley.edu/people/charles-p-henry/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charles P. Henry\u003c/a>, author of \"Long Overdue: The Politics of Racial Reparations\" and professor emeritus at UC Berkeley, said he’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hopeful California will ”be a pioneer path-setter in what can happen in a positive way.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry also noted how it's become easier to get involved at the local level: \"In almost any community in the United States and certainly in any state in the United States, you can find a reparations issue and you can find a reparations group — and actively work with that group.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry said this could mean getting involved with local \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/11/18/uc-berkeleys-leconte-and-barrows-halls-lose-their-names/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renaming\u003c/a> initiatives like the one to rename buildings on UC Berkeley's campus. But involvement in reparations is part of a broader movement, he said, and getting involved will broaden people's curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're going to meet people who are interested in other issues, around Native American sovereignty or land rights or repatriation of remains,\" he said. \"There are issues where you can get involved and help try to heal the polarization that's going on — that all of us are sort of upset about — but don't find ways of connecting to help overcome it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reparations as an issue has been seen as divisive, he said, it's actually an effort that means to repair relationships. \"That should be seen as a very positive thing to do,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"signup\">\u003c/a>Sign up for more communications\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An occasional reminder of what's happening with California's reparations task force may be useful for many. For notifications on upcoming meetings, anyone can sign up for the AB 3121 \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mailing list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the mailing list is from the Department of Justice, their communications tend to be simple and to the point, without much flourish. The agenda for upcoming meetings is sent out 10 days prior to each meeting.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "How to get plugged in to local and statewide conversations on reparations for Black Americans that talk about broader issues of justice, atonement and wealth.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#watch\">Where can I watch the reparations task force sessions?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#comment\">What should I do if I want to share my experience?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#local\">How can I take action in reparations efforts where I live? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#signup\">Where can I get updates on the state reparations effort?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>December 7 and 8 mark the third substantive set of meetings for California's reparations task force. Participation is easy for now — it's as simple as logging into the conference — but it could become more difficult to access as the nine members are slated to begin meeting in person next February. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'All interested Californians should participate no matter their identity.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established with the passage of AB 3121, authored by former Assemblymember Shirley Weber and passed in 2020, the group is tasked with studying slavery and its lingering impact on the lives of African Americans. The group also is charged with exploring remedies of \"compensation, rehabilitation, and restitution\" for Black Americans, with special consideration for descendants of persons enslaved in the United States. Under the bill, the task force must issue a report to the state's Legislature by June 1, 2022. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891771/californias-reparations-task-force-to-hear-testimony-on-anti-black-housing-and-education-discrimination-this-week\">Read more of our previous coverage here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think all interested Californians should participate no matter their identity,\" said task force chair Kamilah Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore said she also has been asking people who have experienced the effects of homelessness and gentrification to reach out to the task force. \"Black Californians who were pushed out of the major cities like LA or San Francisco, or even pushed out of the state in general because of issues of affordability and gentrification — we definitely want to hear from people like that because that ties into our conversation on the community of eligibility,\" she said. The question of who might be eligible for reparations is one the task force began discussing in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ypkolboJEG8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ypkolboJEG8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The above video is a reparations task force meeting originally livestreamed by Emend the Mass Media Group.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Precision early on is always best,” said task force member Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis, in the October meeting. Lewis is associate professor and chair of the UC Berkeley Department of Geography. “I wanted us to make sure that we were very clear about who we were talking about and what kinds of injuries we were tracing.” He zeroed in on questions they've yet to answer: What is the cutoff point to award reparations? How long do you have to have lived in California to qualify? At what point do you have to have had arrived in the state?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Black Californians who were born and raised in the state, but had to leave, would they still be eligible for reparations? \"That's an open question,\" Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 8, the task force will host a panel focusing on entertainment, arts and culture, so those with experience in those industries are especially welcome to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few different ways to get involved. Here's how to watch, and how to participate through public comment, and some tips for finding even more opportunities to plug into local and national conversations on reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What's on the agenda for December?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before looking at how you can participate, \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-notice-agenda-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the agenda\u003c/a> is a great place to start to understand the broader topics that will be discussed. For those interested in the meeting materials, these are also available on the California Department of Justice website and link to an \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-materials-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">848-page document\u003c/a> (which includes meeting minutes of the October meeting) and two more documents (\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-materials%20p2-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">64 pages\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/task-force-materials-p3-120721-120821.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">68 pages\u003c/a>) that include some testimony from experts who will also provide their perspective live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public comment period for Dec. 7 is 9:05 a.m.-10:05 a.m., followed by a panel on infrastructure from 10:15 a.m.-11:30 a.m. with expert testimony from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sociology.sdsu.edu/faculty-and-staff/gibbons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joseph Gibbons\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bruceappleyard.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bruce Appleyard\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/news/civil-liberties/meet-deborah-archer-aclu-national-board-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deborah Archer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://usp.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/profiles/martin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Isaac Martin\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In the afternoon, a panel on gentrification and homelessness from 1:50 p.m.-3:00 p.m. will feature expert testimony from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/staff/brandon-greene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Brandon Greene\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IDoTheThinking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Darrell Owens\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crenshawsubway.org/executivedirector\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Damien Goodmon\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tenantsincommon.org/zertia-en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zerita Jones\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 8, the public comment period is again from 9:05 a.m.-10:05 a.m., followed by a panel on entertainment, arts/culture and sports with testimony from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.annenberglab.com/employees/arianne-edmonds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Arianne Edmonds\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://soc.ucla.edu/faculty/darnell-hunt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Darnell Hunt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.colorfarmmedia.com/congressional-testimony\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Erika Alexander\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://alisonrosejefferson.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alison R. Jefferson\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Once you have the agenda and decide to tune in, here's how to watch and make your voice heard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"watch\">\u003c/a>Watch: Live on YouTube or the CA Department of Justice\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/ETMMediaGroup/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emend the Mass Media Group\u003c/a>, a Black media outlet that self-identifies as \"laser-focused on political advocacy for reparations,\" will continue to livestream the task force meetings. Previous meetings are available on their \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/ETMMediaGroup/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YouTube\u003c/a> page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Justice\u003c/a> also will be livestreaming the meetings as of December. For those who prefer to watch afterward, or watch the two days' worth of meetings all at once, previous meetings are available on the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/meetings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Justice website\u003c/a>, which links to the DOJ \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjXa1XmcH3HxoriWp6B7TSg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">YouTube\u003c/a> page.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"comment\">\u003c/a>Ensure your voice is heard — make a public comment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The task force uses \u003ca href=\"https://www.bluejeans.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BlueJeans\u003c/a>, a desktop application similar to Zoom that can be accessed through a mobile app or on a desktop computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give public comment, join the meeting through the BlueJeans app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, public comment takes place at the beginning of each day on a first-come, first-serve basis. Click the \"raise your hand\" button when prompted. Each person has up to three minutes to make a comment, after which the microphone is turned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"local\">\u003c/a>Find reparations-related initiatives locally\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While California is discussing reparations on the statewide level, many cities are considering their own initiatives. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco County\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872266/san-francisco-approves-task-force-to-study-reparations-for-black-residents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco supervisors\u003c/a> appointed 15 people to the city's African American Reparations Advisory Committee in May. Just weeks ago, actor Danny Glover and NAACP San Francisco chapter President Rev. Amos Brown, who is also vice chair of the state's task force, asked the city of San Francisco to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/S-F-s-first-reparations-for-Blacks-residents-16623294.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">give the Fillmore Heritage Center to a nonprofit\u003c/a> to rebuild a Black business center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"https://sf-hrc.org/city-fund-reallocation-dream-keeper-initiative\">follow the Dream Keeper Initiative\u003c/a> for its next meetings on reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alameda County\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2020 the Alameda County board of supervisors adopted a resolution \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/alameda-county-supervisors-adopt-reparations-resolution-for-african-americans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">calling for reparations for African Americans\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/02/23/state-of-black-berkeley-ca-points-to-challenges-new-and-old-for-black-residents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reparations were discussed\u003c/a> in Berkeley in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://africam.berkeley.edu/people/charles-p-henry/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charles P. Henry\u003c/a>, author of \"Long Overdue: The Politics of Racial Reparations\" and professor emeritus at UC Berkeley, said he’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hopeful California will ”be a pioneer path-setter in what can happen in a positive way.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry also noted how it's become easier to get involved at the local level: \"In almost any community in the United States and certainly in any state in the United States, you can find a reparations issue and you can find a reparations group — and actively work with that group.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry said this could mean getting involved with local \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/11/18/uc-berkeleys-leconte-and-barrows-halls-lose-their-names/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renaming\u003c/a> initiatives like the one to rename buildings on UC Berkeley's campus. But involvement in reparations is part of a broader movement, he said, and getting involved will broaden people's curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're going to meet people who are interested in other issues, around Native American sovereignty or land rights or repatriation of remains,\" he said. \"There are issues where you can get involved and help try to heal the polarization that's going on — that all of us are sort of upset about — but don't find ways of connecting to help overcome it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reparations as an issue has been seen as divisive, he said, it's actually an effort that means to repair relationships. \"That should be seen as a very positive thing to do,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"signup\">\u003c/a>Sign up for more communications\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An occasional reminder of what's happening with California's reparations task force may be useful for many. For notifications on upcoming meetings, anyone can sign up for the AB 3121 \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/subscribe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mailing list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the mailing list is from the Department of Justice, their communications tend to be simple and to the point, without much flourish. The agenda for upcoming meetings is sent out 10 days prior to each meeting.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'They Can Literally Get Away With Murder': Bay Area Activists, Leaders React to Rittenhouse Not Guilty Verdict",
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"headTitle": "‘They Can Literally Get Away With Murder’: Bay Area Activists, Leaders React to Rittenhouse Not Guilty Verdict | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area civil rights activists and elected leaders reacted with outrage and disappointment Friday to the acquittal of Kyle Rittenhouse, the white teenager who last year shot and killed two people protesting police violence in Kenosha, Wisconsin.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Cat Brooks, co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project\"]‘If you look who’s funneled into American prisons and if you look whose lives are protected and defended inside of our courtrooms, we see grave disparities where Black, Indigenous and other people of color always end up with the short end of the stick.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cat Brooks, a longtime Oakland activist and co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, told KQED that while the news felt like “a punch in the gut,” she was hardly surprised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks noted that the verdict highlights a glaring contradiction in the U.S. criminal justice system that she said treats white defendants with much greater leniency than it does people of color, particularly Black people.”If you look who’s funneled into American prisons and if you look whose lives are protected and defended inside of our courtrooms, we see grave disparities where Black, Indigenous and other people of color always end up with the short end of the stick,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897023\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11897023\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman stands in a black hoodie with a hand on her chest with an expression filled with emotion. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cat Brooks, co-founder of Anti Police-Terror Project, speaks during a protest outside of Ron Dellums Federal Building in Oakland on Nov. 19, 2021, after the acquittal of Kyle Rittenhouse. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse, 18, was found not guilty of all charges Friday after pleading self-defense in the deadly August 2020 shootings that became a flashpoint in the debate over guns, vigilantism and racial injustice in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers and community leaders will continue fighting against racial injustice nationwide, Brooks insisted, despite the profound discouragement from verdicts like this one. Large demonstrations against the verdict are expected to place in scores of cities across the country, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CausaJusta1/status/1461792788249513986\">one planned for downtown Oakland on Friday evening\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brooks said she is also increasingly concerned that Rittenhouse’s acquittal could encourage further violence from white nationalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CatsCommentary/status/1461769531949342727\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White supremacists, right-wing extremists … are watching these trials closely to see what they can get away with,” Brooks said. “And the message that was sent today is that they can literally get away with murder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse, who was 17 at the time of the shooting, was charged with homicide, attempted homicide and reckless endangerment for killing two men with an AR-style semi-automatic rifle, and wounding a third, during a tumultuous night of protests over the shooting of Jacob Blake, a Black man, by a white Kenosha police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former police youth cadet from Illinois, Rittenhouse claimed he had gone to Kenosha to protect property from rioters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anonymous jury, whose racial makeup was not disclosed by the court, but appeared from media reports to be overwhelmingly white, deliberated for close to 3 1/2 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse could have gotten life in prison if found guilty on the most serious charge, first-degree intentional homicide, or what some other states call first-degree murder. Two other charges each carried over 60 years behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that … the taking of two lives is not worthy of any punishment, it’s not worthy of any consequences has sent a chilling message, particularly in a time where we see white supremacy rising,” former Stockton Mayor Michael Tubbs told KQED’s Forum on Friday, after learning of the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As human beings, but also as Americans, we should continually be in a state of outrage and deep mourning when our justice system illustrates that once again it does not work the same for everyone,” he said.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Michael Tubbs, former mayor of Stockton\"]‘As human beings, but also as Americans, we should continually be in a state of outrage and deep mourning when our justice system illustrates that once again it does not work the same for everyone.’[/pullquote]Many on the right, meanwhile, who have hailed Rittenhouse as a hero and condemned the trial throughout, celebrated the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kyle-rittenhouse-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-senate-elections-wisconsin-5a99406766017207b24f892312b0b1b2\">Mark McCloskey, who got in trouble\u003c/a> with the law when he and his wife waved a rifle and a handgun at Black Lives Matter protesters marching past his St. Louis home in 2020, said the verdict shows that people have a right to defend themselves from a “mob.” He is now a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden was quick to call for calm, saying that while the outcome of the case “will leave many Americans feeling angry and concerned, myself included, we must acknowledge that the jury has spoken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many elected leaders in the Bay Area and California immediately condemned the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“America today … you can break the law, carry around weapons built for a military, shoot and kill people, and get away with it,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1461769436952551425\">Gov. Gavin Newsom said in Tweet\u003c/a>. “That’s the message we’ve just sent to armed vigilantes across the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That outrage was echoed on Twitter by a number of Bay Area leaders, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sliccardo/status/1461778256835797002\">San José Mayor Sam Liccardo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LibbySchaaf/status/1461786421107249154\">Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s verdict gives vigilantism a free pass and fortifies white privilege,” Schaaf said. “It’s further evidence of a broken justice system, and it should only encourage us to fight harder for a more just and equitable America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, said the case underscored the systemic inequalities in America’s justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our racist justice system has once again profoundly failed the American people,” he said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/scott_wiener/status/1461768646405984263?s=21\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kenosha case was part of an extraordinary confluence of trials that reflected the deep divide over race in the United States: In Georgia, three white men are on trial in the killing of Ahmaud Arbery, while in Virginia, a trial is underway in a lawsuit over the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056807013/charlottesville-unite-the-right-trial-closing-arguments\">deadly white-supremacist rally held in Charlottesville in 2017\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloodshed in Kenosha took place during a summer of protests set off across the U.S. after George Floyd was killed by Minneapolis police that May, and other cases where Black people lost their lives at the hands of mostly white police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse went to Kenosha, joining other armed civilians on the streets, after businesses there were ransacked and burned in the nights that followed Blake’s shooting. Authorities said the weapon the 17-year-old used was illegally purchased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bystander and drone video captured most of the frenzied chain of events that followed: Rittenhouse killed Joseph Rosenbaum, 36, then shot to death protester Anthony Huber, 26 — both of whom were white — and wounded demonstrator Gaige Grosskreutz, now 28, who is also white.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"black-lives-matter\"]At trial, prosecutors portrayed Rittenhouse as a “wannabe soldier” who had gone looking for trouble that night and was responsible for creating a dangerous situation in the first place by pointing his rifle at demonstrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rittenhouse testified he came under attack: “I didn’t do anything wrong. I defended myself,” he said in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breaking into sobs at one point, he told the jury he opened fire after Rosenbaum chased him and made a grab for his gun, and said he was afraid his rifle was going to be wrested away and used to kill him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huber was then killed after hitting Rittenhouse in the head or neck with a skateboard, and Grosskreutz was shot after pointing a gun of his own at Rittenhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the verdict, Huber’s parents, Karen Bloom and John Huber, said the outcome “sends the unacceptable message that armed civilians can show up in any town, incite violence, and then use the danger they have created to justify shooting people in the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the onset of the trial, many legal experts said they believed the defense had the advantage because of provisions favorable to Rittenhouse in Wisconsin’s self-defense law, and because of video showing him being chased. Testimony from some of the prosecution’s own witnesses also seemed to buttress his claim of self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenosha County Circuit Court Judge Bruce Schroeder also made several controversial decisions that some observers argue worked in Rittenhouse’s favor, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kyle-rittenhouse-wisconsin-homicide-kenosha-aed653b7f5157373e4e8139734e2ce13\">allowing the defendant to draw numbers from a barrel to determine which jurors would serve as alternates\u003c/a>. Before the trial even began, the judge ruled prosecutors couldn’t argue that Rittenhouse was affiliated with the far-right Proud Boys group or that he attacked a woman months before the shootings. Nor would he permit prosecutors to refer to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/26/1049458617/kyle-rittenhouse-victims-arsonists-looters-judge-ruled\">those shot by Rittenhouse as “victims”\u003c/a> — “a loaded, loaded word,” he said — although he did allow defense lawyers to refer to them as “arsonists” and “looters” if they could prove the men had taken part in such activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse had also been charged with possession of a dangerous weapon by a person under 18, a misdemeanor that carries nine months behind bars and appeared likely to lead to a conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judge threw out that charge before deliberations after the defense argued that the Wisconsin law did not apply to the kind of long-barreled rifle Rittenhouse used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from the Associated Press and KQED’s Mina Kim, Kate Wolffe, Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and Matthew Green.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cat Brooks, a longtime Oakland activist and co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, told KQED that while the news felt like “a punch in the gut,” she was hardly surprised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks noted that the verdict highlights a glaring contradiction in the U.S. criminal justice system that she said treats white defendants with much greater leniency than it does people of color, particularly Black people.”If you look who’s funneled into American prisons and if you look whose lives are protected and defended inside of our courtrooms, we see grave disparities where Black, Indigenous and other people of color always end up with the short end of the stick,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897023\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11897023\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman stands in a black hoodie with a hand on her chest with an expression filled with emotion. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Image-from-iOS-2.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cat Brooks, co-founder of Anti Police-Terror Project, speaks during a protest outside of Ron Dellums Federal Building in Oakland on Nov. 19, 2021, after the acquittal of Kyle Rittenhouse. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse, 18, was found not guilty of all charges Friday after pleading self-defense in the deadly August 2020 shootings that became a flashpoint in the debate over guns, vigilantism and racial injustice in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers and community leaders will continue fighting against racial injustice nationwide, Brooks insisted, despite the profound discouragement from verdicts like this one. Large demonstrations against the verdict are expected to place in scores of cities across the country, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CausaJusta1/status/1461792788249513986\">one planned for downtown Oakland on Friday evening\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brooks said she is also increasingly concerned that Rittenhouse’s acquittal could encourage further violence from white nationalists.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“White supremacists, right-wing extremists … are watching these trials closely to see what they can get away with,” Brooks said. “And the message that was sent today is that they can literally get away with murder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse, who was 17 at the time of the shooting, was charged with homicide, attempted homicide and reckless endangerment for killing two men with an AR-style semi-automatic rifle, and wounding a third, during a tumultuous night of protests over the shooting of Jacob Blake, a Black man, by a white Kenosha police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former police youth cadet from Illinois, Rittenhouse claimed he had gone to Kenosha to protect property from rioters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anonymous jury, whose racial makeup was not disclosed by the court, but appeared from media reports to be overwhelmingly white, deliberated for close to 3 1/2 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse could have gotten life in prison if found guilty on the most serious charge, first-degree intentional homicide, or what some other states call first-degree murder. Two other charges each carried over 60 years behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that … the taking of two lives is not worthy of any punishment, it’s not worthy of any consequences has sent a chilling message, particularly in a time where we see white supremacy rising,” former Stockton Mayor Michael Tubbs told KQED’s Forum on Friday, after learning of the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As human beings, but also as Americans, we should continually be in a state of outrage and deep mourning when our justice system illustrates that once again it does not work the same for everyone,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Many on the right, meanwhile, who have hailed Rittenhouse as a hero and condemned the trial throughout, celebrated the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kyle-rittenhouse-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-senate-elections-wisconsin-5a99406766017207b24f892312b0b1b2\">Mark McCloskey, who got in trouble\u003c/a> with the law when he and his wife waved a rifle and a handgun at Black Lives Matter protesters marching past his St. Louis home in 2020, said the verdict shows that people have a right to defend themselves from a “mob.” He is now a Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden was quick to call for calm, saying that while the outcome of the case “will leave many Americans feeling angry and concerned, myself included, we must acknowledge that the jury has spoken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many elected leaders in the Bay Area and California immediately condemned the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“America today … you can break the law, carry around weapons built for a military, shoot and kill people, and get away with it,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1461769436952551425\">Gov. Gavin Newsom said in Tweet\u003c/a>. “That’s the message we’ve just sent to armed vigilantes across the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That outrage was echoed on Twitter by a number of Bay Area leaders, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sliccardo/status/1461778256835797002\">San José Mayor Sam Liccardo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LibbySchaaf/status/1461786421107249154\">Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today’s verdict gives vigilantism a free pass and fortifies white privilege,” Schaaf said. “It’s further evidence of a broken justice system, and it should only encourage us to fight harder for a more just and equitable America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, said the case underscored the systemic inequalities in America’s justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our racist justice system has once again profoundly failed the American people,” he said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At trial, prosecutors portrayed Rittenhouse as a “wannabe soldier” who had gone looking for trouble that night and was responsible for creating a dangerous situation in the first place by pointing his rifle at demonstrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rittenhouse testified he came under attack: “I didn’t do anything wrong. I defended myself,” he said in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breaking into sobs at one point, he told the jury he opened fire after Rosenbaum chased him and made a grab for his gun, and said he was afraid his rifle was going to be wrested away and used to kill him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huber was then killed after hitting Rittenhouse in the head or neck with a skateboard, and Grosskreutz was shot after pointing a gun of his own at Rittenhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the verdict, Huber’s parents, Karen Bloom and John Huber, said the outcome “sends the unacceptable message that armed civilians can show up in any town, incite violence, and then use the danger they have created to justify shooting people in the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the onset of the trial, many legal experts said they believed the defense had the advantage because of provisions favorable to Rittenhouse in Wisconsin’s self-defense law, and because of video showing him being chased. Testimony from some of the prosecution’s own witnesses also seemed to buttress his claim of self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenosha County Circuit Court Judge Bruce Schroeder also made several controversial decisions that some observers argue worked in Rittenhouse’s favor, including \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kyle-rittenhouse-wisconsin-homicide-kenosha-aed653b7f5157373e4e8139734e2ce13\">allowing the defendant to draw numbers from a barrel to determine which jurors would serve as alternates\u003c/a>. Before the trial even began, the judge ruled prosecutors couldn’t argue that Rittenhouse was affiliated with the far-right Proud Boys group or that he attacked a woman months before the shootings. Nor would he permit prosecutors to refer to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/26/1049458617/kyle-rittenhouse-victims-arsonists-looters-judge-ruled\">those shot by Rittenhouse as “victims”\u003c/a> — “a loaded, loaded word,” he said — although he did allow defense lawyers to refer to them as “arsonists” and “looters” if they could prove the men had taken part in such activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rittenhouse had also been charged with possession of a dangerous weapon by a person under 18, a misdemeanor that carries nine months behind bars and appeared likely to lead to a conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judge threw out that charge before deliberations after the defense argued that the Wisconsin law did not apply to the kind of long-barreled rifle Rittenhouse used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from the Associated Press and KQED’s Mina Kim, Kate Wolffe, Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and Matthew Green.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "on-our-watch-litigation-reveals-new-details-in-police-shooting-of-oscar-grant",
"title": "'On Our Watch' Litigation Reveals New Details in Police Shooting of Oscar Grant",
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"headTitle": "‘On Our Watch’ Litigation Reveals New Details in Police Shooting of Oscar Grant | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rev. Wanda Johnson sits down on a folding chair in her driveway on a hot afternoon in June. There’s no air conditioning inside, so she’s fashioned an outside office, and pulls her chair up to a small table where a computer is perched. She’s getting ready to listen to excerpts of nearly 60 hours of newly released tapes — recordings of a police investigation that have been secret for over a decade. On those tapes is a story that’s never been fully heard before: the story of what happened after a transit cop shot her son on a Bay Area Rapid Transit platform on New Year’s Day 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw BART police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant’s back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. The event would later be depicted in the movie “Fruitvale Station,” in which Michael B. Jordan plays Grant on what would be the last day of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rev. Wanda Johnson, Oscar Grant's mother\"]‘Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last.’[/pullquote]But until now, no one outside the agency has actually heard what happened after the cell phone video ended. A lawsuit filed by KQED earlier this year forced BART to comply with California’s “The Right to Know Act,” a 2019 police transparency law, and release the never-before-heard tapes. The subject of a new podcast by NPR and KQED, \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, the tapes allow listeners inside that investigation for the first time, and may provide lessons for larger failings about the system that promises to hold police accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has long been clear that BART made significant missteps in the investigation of Grant’s shooting, and in the aftermath of the incident the Police Chief and two commanders retired. Mehserle would be convicted of involuntary manslaughter and serve 11 months in jail. But the long-secret files focus new attention on former BART police Officer Anthony “Tony” Pirone, who was fired for his actions on the platform but never criminally charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone was the first officer to respond to a call about a fight on the train crowded with people celebrating New Year’s. When Pirone stopped a group of young men on the platform, Grant and his friend Michael Greer jumped back on the train. Pirone removed Greer from the train and threw him on the ground. After Grant tried to stand up to intervene, Pirone repeatedly hit Grant. The crowd began yelling at Pirone and his partner, objecting to their handling of the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11880661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant’s mother Rev. Wanda Johnson listens during a press conference in Oakland on Monday, Jan. 11, 2021, after Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley announced she would not file new charges against BART police Officer Anthony Pirone. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Five more BART officers, including Johannes Mehserle, responded to calls for backup. Mehserle attempted to handcuff Grant as Pirone held Grant down with his knee. When he could not get Grant’s hands, Mehserle pulled out his gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seven minutes of Pirone arriving on the platform, Oscar Grant was fatally shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing happened to him and that’s what’s so disheartening and so upsetting to me. This man (started) an event that spiraled out of control, (and) caused my son to lose his life,” Johnson says, as she listens to the tapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Mehserle nor Pirone agreed to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Close Personal Relationship’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The internal documents and tapes show that BART’s criminal investigators and leaders repeatedly missed opportunities to question officers, limiting the scope and potentially the outcome of both the criminal and administrative investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after the shot was fired, BART police officers put out a call for medical assistance and backup over the radio. What they didn’t broadcast was that an officer was the shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to basically put two and two together and figure out it was an officer-involved shooting on my own,” one Oakland police officer would later tell investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BART detective who responded to the initial call, Joel Enriquez, also had to wait for another officer to clarify that the incident was a police shooting. Enriquez can be heard in recordings from that night telling another officer that he wished he could review the policy manual so he could be better prepared to investigate the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez was also close to two of the primary officers involved in the incident, Johannes Mehserle and Tony Pirone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to put it on record that I have a close, personal and working relationship with you, Tony,” Enriquez, addressing Pirone, said on the Jan. 1, 2009, tape, recorded less than an hour after Grant died in an Oakland hospital. “And I want to make sure that you’re okay with me interviewing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I’m fine with that,” Pirone replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the initial interview with Pirone, Enriquez fails to ask key questions about the officer’s repeated use of force, and does not challenge or ask Pirone to explain his assertion that he was himself on the verge of using deadly force and in fear for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone’s partner, Officer Marysol Domenici, told investigators that she felt the crowd on the platform was so threatening after Mehserle shot Grant that she was ready to open fire herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I knew, you know, it’s us or them — the crowd,” she said during a Jan. 7, 2009, interview. Because she only had two taser cartridges, she said, she thought she’d have to “start shooting people… I started thinking, Jesus, I’m going to have to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside law firm BART hired to take over the internal affairs inquiry later concluded that both officers exaggerated or lied about their level of fear during the incident in an attempt to justify their actions. Both were fired, though Domenici won her job back after an appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Strategic Decision\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just a week into the shooting inquiry, BART investigators did start to raise questions about Pirone’s violent behavior, police reports show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one report, BART Police Commander Maria White noted that eight days after the killing, one of the department’s internal affairs investigators, Sgt. David Chlebowski, alerted her to a witness video on a local TV website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Chlebowski and several unnamed BART detectives, “voiced concern” over Pirone’s actions depicted in the tape, White wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she “told the detective unit members that their primary focus was the homicide investigation,” delaying a probe into Pirone’s actions, police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She waited a month — until several days after BART obtained a copy of the video from the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office — before ordering BART Det. Alan Fueng to open a criminal investigation into Pirone’s use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In subsequent police reports, Fueng described interviewing Pirone and his partner, Domenici, the night of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of his inquiry was a “brief summary report.” On March 20, 2009, the report was submitted, “without recommendation,” to the D.A.’s Office “for their review and disposition.” Pirone was never charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880665\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1536x1078.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors lay on the ground and yell “don’t shoot” in a demonstration held outside Oakland City Hall on January 14, 2009, to protest the police killing of Oscar Grant. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley said in an interview with KQED and NPR that not charging Pirone was a strategic decision. Her office wanted to build the strongest possible case against Mehserhle, which meant using Pirone as a witness, she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a key witness in this because he started the whole thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2009, under intense public pressure, BART hired an outside law firm called Meyers Nave to do an internal affairs investigation of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART’s board decided to hire Meyers Nave “because it felt it was critical that the public would have confidence in an independent investigation conducted by a well-respected, experienced law firm,” according to a statement from a spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Meyers Nave report, which was unsealed by “The Right to Know” Act or Senate Bill 1421 in 2019, found that Pirone’s aggressive behavior on the platform broke policy and escalated the situation, rather than taking control of the situation in a way that ensured public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tapes show that Meyers Nave investigators asked Pirone to explain why he used racial epithets in an exchange with Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I specifically remember him telling me about his 4-year-old daughter and how he respects the police. I said, ‘Then why are you giving us a bad time?'” Pirone said to Meyers Nave investigators. “That’s when he says, well, ‘You’re a bitch ass n*****.’ And I said, ‘You’re calling me a bitch ass n*****, you know, that type of thing. And he said, ‘yeah.’ And then I said, ‘Bitch ass, n***** huh?’ I think that’s when Mehserle comes over and pushes him down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone was, in large part, responsible for setting the events in motion that created a chaotic and tense situation on the platform, setting the stage, even if inadvertent, for the shooting of Oscar Grant,” the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyers Nave also found that Pirone’s statements about his grounds for detaining Grant, his own actions and uses of force shifted across multiple interviews and were contradicted by witness and video evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this report, Pirone was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone is currently serving the California Army National Guard. He’s a Special Forces Communications Sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone is a highly decorated soldier with many awards and has been in the military since 1997,” a spokesman for the National Guard wrote in an email. He declined to answer further questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I Thought He Had a Gun’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The recordings also refocus attention on Mehserle’s controversial explanation for the shooting and his ultimate defense at trial — that he meant to draw a taser, not his semiautomatic pistol, and that the shooting was unintentional. (Both Pirone and Carlos Reyes, one of the men detained on the platform, later said they heard Mehserle announce he was going to tase Grant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Mehserle’s criminal trial, the jury believed his explanation and convicted him of involuntary manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Meyers Nave report, released in 2019 after the passage of Senate Bill 1421, came to a different conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can be seen trying to draw (his gun) at least two times and on the final occasion can be seen looking back at his hand on the gun/holster to watch the gun come out,” it reads. When Mehserle fired, the report found, Oscar Grant had his hands behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s lawyer Michael Rains disputed this finding in an interview with NPR and KQED, calling the Meyers Nave analysis “flawed” and based on a single frame of video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s probably one one thousandth of a second,” Rains said. “He doesn’t process, ‘I’m looking at my gun.’ That’s ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the newly-released records also include statements of BART officers whom Mehserle confided in after the shooting. They tell investigators Mehserle said he believed Grant was going for a gun and never mentioned his taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Foreman, a senior BART police officer who served as emotional support for Mehserle in the hours after the shooting, told investigators that he spoke to Mehserle every day in the week after he shot Grant. “Every so often he’ll just say, ‘I thought he had a gun, you know, I thought he had a gun,'” Foreman said during a Jan. 9, 2009, interview. He added that Mehserle frequently broke down weeping during these conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have an answer for that,” Rains said when asked why Mehserle didn’t tell Foreman that he’d meant to use his taser. Rains said his client was in “horrible shape emotionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was both an embarrassing failure and a shameful failure on his part,” Rains said. “And that’s the way he felt for days, for weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreman and three other officers testified at trial that in the days after the shooting Mehserle did not mention anything about the taser or that it was a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I’d Be in Jail Right Now’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that Mehserle’s defense remains in question could come down to decisions made by BART Command staff in those early hours after the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s Legal Defense Fund lawyer David Mastagni asked to review the bystander video of the shooting before his client provided a statement to investigators on the morning of New Year’s Day, unsealed police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880660\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-1020x734.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-160x115.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter.png 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant had a photo of his 4-year-old daughter in his wallet when he was killed by police in 2009. Redaction done by BART police department. \u003ccite>(Via BART Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Commander White conferred with investigators from the D.A.’s Office and they made the decision to let Mehserle and his attorney see the video, according to a report written by White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After watching the video and learning that Oscar Grant had died at the hospital, Mehserle invoked his Fifth Amendment rights and refused to give a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White did discuss ordering Mehserle — an employee — to give a statement, according to her report. A compelled statement would not be usable in a criminal investigation, but it could be used administratively to determine why Mehserle shot Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But BART Command staff did not compel Mehserle to give an interview that morning. Mehserle said he was too tired to talk, according to White’s report. They allowed him to go home, and he agreed he would make a statement the next day. He did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six days later, Mehserle resigned from the police force rather than give that statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART Command staff also did not require the other officers who were on the platform at the time of the shooting, Emery Knudtson, Jonathan Guerra, Noel Flores and Jon Woffinden, to give interviews. They were instead asked to type up a statement in Microsoft Word. (BART’s regular case management system was visible to other departments.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were not questioned about the actions of Mehserle or Pirone. They were also not questioned about their own actions: Knudtson tackled Fernando Anicete, a friend of Oscar Grant’s, who allegedly threw a phone toward Domenici. Flores pulled both his taser and baton. Woffinden was Mehserle’s partner that night and also drew his baton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were eventually questioned more thoroughly by BART detectives and later by Meyers Nave investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of Oscar Grant’s friends who were with him on the platform, Fernando Anicete, Michael Greer, Jack Bryson, Nigel Bryson and Carlos Reyes were all taken to the BART police station that morning. Each was handcuffed and questioned by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were read their Miranda Rights, according to the police records, but told they weren’t under arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I was to shoot somebody on BART in their chest while they’re already down I’d be in jail right now,” Jack Bryson can be heard telling investigators. “The cops just did the same thing. So why is it different? Because he’s a cop?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the tape detectives tell Bryson that there is “no cover up” and that there is “no favoritism” in how police investigate police shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2009, BART detective Enriquez recommended that all the detainees be charged with resisting arrest, police records show. The other lead investigator, Fueng, agreed. But the records show they were overruled by command staff who did not want the recommendation forwarded to the D.A.’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five detainees went on to sue BART. The agency eventually settled with them for $175,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A Force With Bad Apples’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When another video of a police killing went viral last summer and protests against police violence once again gripped the country, Wanda Johnson felt the echoes of what had happened with her son. George Floyd was not shot, but the way he was pinned made her think of the way Pirone had held down Oscar Grant. Witnesses to Grant’s shooting said he told officers, “I can’t breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October of 2020, Johnson and her family held a press conference to ask that Grant’s case be reopened and that the District Attorney reconsider charges against Tony Pirone. Johnson said they felt the new information released with Senate Bill 1421, combined with the groundswell of protests, made it the right moment to take another look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880675\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11880675\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tatiana Grant and Wanda Johnson at the BART Fruitvale Station during a vigil on the 10 year anniversary of Grant’s death in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>D.A. Nancy O’Malley agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in January 2021 she announced that while Pirone’s conduct was “aggressive, utterly unprofessional and disgraceful” her office could not charge him with anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at videos, we read every report,” she said. “We did everything to see if there was any legal theory that could hold Pirone accountable other than a 149.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penal Code 149 — assault under color of authority — is a misdemeanor. The statute of limitations on that charge ran out long ago. KQED’s review of hundreds of internal police records unsealed by the “Right to Know Act” reveal that officers are rarely criminally charged for potentially criminal misbehavior from perjury to sexual misconduct to improper use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar Grant lost his life and we’re sorry for that,” said the current BART Police Chief Ed Alvarez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said that the agency learned a lot of hard lessons from the killing of Oscar Grant, and that it has improved significantly in the decade since the Grant shooting by implementing reforms including body cameras, better taser training and a civilian auditor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez condemned Pirone’s actions and said they remain against policy. But, he said he personally believes that Mehserle did confuse his gun and his taser. At the same time, Alvarez credits the Meyers Nave report for many of the reforms the department has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who came in after the fact had time to, I think, process a lot more information and they look at things through different lenses,” Alvarez said of the outside investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing has not changed: investigations into shootings or officer misconduct remain in-house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said he doesn’t see any issue with this common practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Friendships are going to always be there,” Alvarez said. “So you just have to deal with it on the professional level and understand that that is your job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Cephus Johnson, Oscar Grant's uncle\"]‘It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.’[/pullquote]Grant’s uncle Cephus Johnson, who fought for the passage of “The Right to Know Act,” said it is painful to hear the missteps made by investigators in the early hours and days after his nephew’s shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, everything that we knew is actually coming to light today through just listening to these conversations,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To him, it is proof that police cannot police themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always said accountability and transparency we gotta have, and this is the reason why,” he added. “It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond this case, the files that have been released under the transparency law show that there is little standardization and less oversight of these internal investigations. Deadly force is overwhelmingly found to be justified and in compliance with policies, even in cases where investigators raised questions about the need for officers to shoot and kill. Investigations into sexual assault by officers do not address systemic issues that allowed those officers to abuse their power. And officers with a history of dishonesty have continued to testify in criminal cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last,” said his mother Wanda Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to change the force, you would take action on those who commit the offenses. But because you don’t take action on those who commit those offenses, you have exactly what you want — a force with bad apples on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Austin Fast contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27On+Our+Watch%27+Litigation+Reveals+New+Details+In+Police+Shooting+Of+Oscar+Grant&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rev. Wanda Johnson sits down on a folding chair in her driveway on a hot afternoon in June. There’s no air conditioning inside, so she’s fashioned an outside office, and pulls her chair up to a small table where a computer is perched. She’s getting ready to listen to excerpts of nearly 60 hours of newly released tapes — recordings of a police investigation that have been secret for over a decade. On those tapes is a story that’s never been fully heard before: the story of what happened after a transit cop shot her son on a Bay Area Rapid Transit platform on New Year’s Day 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first police shootings to be captured on cell phone, millions saw BART police Officer Johannes Mehserle fire a single, fatal gunshot into Oscar Grant’s back as the 22-year-old lay face down on the train station platform. The event would later be depicted in the movie “Fruitvale Station,” in which Michael B. Jordan plays Grant on what would be the last day of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But until now, no one outside the agency has actually heard what happened after the cell phone video ended. A lawsuit filed by KQED earlier this year forced BART to comply with California’s “The Right to Know Act,” a 2019 police transparency law, and release the never-before-heard tapes. The subject of a new podcast by NPR and KQED, \u003cem>On Our Watch\u003c/em>, the tapes allow listeners inside that investigation for the first time, and may provide lessons for larger failings about the system that promises to hold police accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has long been clear that BART made significant missteps in the investigation of Grant’s shooting, and in the aftermath of the incident the Police Chief and two commanders retired. Mehserle would be convicted of involuntary manslaughter and serve 11 months in jail. But the long-secret files focus new attention on former BART police Officer Anthony “Tony” Pirone, who was fired for his actions on the platform but never criminally charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone was the first officer to respond to a call about a fight on the train crowded with people celebrating New Year’s. When Pirone stopped a group of young men on the platform, Grant and his friend Michael Greer jumped back on the train. Pirone removed Greer from the train and threw him on the ground. After Grant tried to stand up to intervene, Pirone repeatedly hit Grant. The crowd began yelling at Pirone and his partner, objecting to their handling of the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11880661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Wanda_NochargesPirone_photo_-Sandhya-Dirks-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant’s mother Rev. Wanda Johnson listens during a press conference in Oakland on Monday, Jan. 11, 2021, after Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley announced she would not file new charges against BART police Officer Anthony Pirone. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Five more BART officers, including Johannes Mehserle, responded to calls for backup. Mehserle attempted to handcuff Grant as Pirone held Grant down with his knee. When he could not get Grant’s hands, Mehserle pulled out his gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seven minutes of Pirone arriving on the platform, Oscar Grant was fatally shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing happened to him and that’s what’s so disheartening and so upsetting to me. This man (started) an event that spiraled out of control, (and) caused my son to lose his life,” Johnson says, as she listens to the tapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Mehserle nor Pirone agreed to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Close Personal Relationship’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The internal documents and tapes show that BART’s criminal investigators and leaders repeatedly missed opportunities to question officers, limiting the scope and potentially the outcome of both the criminal and administrative investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just after the shot was fired, BART police officers put out a call for medical assistance and backup over the radio. What they didn’t broadcast was that an officer was the shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to basically put two and two together and figure out it was an officer-involved shooting on my own,” one Oakland police officer would later tell investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BART detective who responded to the initial call, Joel Enriquez, also had to wait for another officer to clarify that the incident was a police shooting. Enriquez can be heard in recordings from that night telling another officer that he wished he could review the policy manual so he could be better prepared to investigate the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez was also close to two of the primary officers involved in the incident, Johannes Mehserle and Tony Pirone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to put it on record that I have a close, personal and working relationship with you, Tony,” Enriquez, addressing Pirone, said on the Jan. 1, 2009, tape, recorded less than an hour after Grant died in an Oakland hospital. “And I want to make sure that you’re okay with me interviewing you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I’m fine with that,” Pirone replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the initial interview with Pirone, Enriquez fails to ask key questions about the officer’s repeated use of force, and does not challenge or ask Pirone to explain his assertion that he was himself on the verge of using deadly force and in fear for his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enriquez did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone’s partner, Officer Marysol Domenici, told investigators that she felt the crowd on the platform was so threatening after Mehserle shot Grant that she was ready to open fire herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I knew, you know, it’s us or them — the crowd,” she said during a Jan. 7, 2009, interview. Because she only had two taser cartridges, she said, she thought she’d have to “start shooting people… I started thinking, Jesus, I’m going to have to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside law firm BART hired to take over the internal affairs inquiry later concluded that both officers exaggerated or lied about their level of fear during the incident in an attempt to justify their actions. Both were fired, though Domenici won her job back after an appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Strategic Decision\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just a week into the shooting inquiry, BART investigators did start to raise questions about Pirone’s violent behavior, police reports show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one report, BART Police Commander Maria White noted that eight days after the killing, one of the department’s internal affairs investigators, Sgt. David Chlebowski, alerted her to a witness video on a local TV website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Chlebowski and several unnamed BART detectives, “voiced concern” over Pirone’s actions depicted in the tape, White wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she “told the detective unit members that their primary focus was the homicide investigation,” delaying a probe into Pirone’s actions, police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She waited a month — until several days after BART obtained a copy of the video from the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office — before ordering BART Det. Alan Fueng to open a criminal investigation into Pirone’s use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In subsequent police reports, Fueng described interviewing Pirone and his partner, Domenici, the night of the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result of his inquiry was a “brief summary report.” On March 20, 2009, the report was submitted, “without recommendation,” to the D.A.’s Office “for their review and disposition.” Pirone was never charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880665\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-800x561.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204-1536x1078.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/GettyImages-84291204.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors lay on the ground and yell “don’t shoot” in a demonstration held outside Oakland City Hall on January 14, 2009, to protest the police killing of Oscar Grant. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alameda County District Attorney Nancy O’Malley said in an interview with KQED and NPR that not charging Pirone was a strategic decision. Her office wanted to build the strongest possible case against Mehserhle, which meant using Pirone as a witness, she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a key witness in this because he started the whole thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2009, under intense public pressure, BART hired an outside law firm called Meyers Nave to do an internal affairs investigation of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART’s board decided to hire Meyers Nave “because it felt it was critical that the public would have confidence in an independent investigation conducted by a well-respected, experienced law firm,” according to a statement from a spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Meyers Nave report, which was unsealed by “The Right to Know” Act or Senate Bill 1421 in 2019, found that Pirone’s aggressive behavior on the platform broke policy and escalated the situation, rather than taking control of the situation in a way that ensured public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tapes show that Meyers Nave investigators asked Pirone to explain why he used racial epithets in an exchange with Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I specifically remember him telling me about his 4-year-old daughter and how he respects the police. I said, ‘Then why are you giving us a bad time?'” Pirone said to Meyers Nave investigators. “That’s when he says, well, ‘You’re a bitch ass n*****.’ And I said, ‘You’re calling me a bitch ass n*****, you know, that type of thing. And he said, ‘yeah.’ And then I said, ‘Bitch ass, n***** huh?’ I think that’s when Mehserle comes over and pushes him down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone was, in large part, responsible for setting the events in motion that created a chaotic and tense situation on the platform, setting the stage, even if inadvertent, for the shooting of Oscar Grant,” the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meyers Nave also found that Pirone’s statements about his grounds for detaining Grant, his own actions and uses of force shifted across multiple interviews and were contradicted by witness and video evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this report, Pirone was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pirone is currently serving the California Army National Guard. He’s a Special Forces Communications Sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pirone is a highly decorated soldier with many awards and has been in the military since 1997,” a spokesman for the National Guard wrote in an email. He declined to answer further questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I Thought He Had a Gun’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The recordings also refocus attention on Mehserle’s controversial explanation for the shooting and his ultimate defense at trial — that he meant to draw a taser, not his semiautomatic pistol, and that the shooting was unintentional. (Both Pirone and Carlos Reyes, one of the men detained on the platform, later said they heard Mehserle announce he was going to tase Grant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Mehserle’s criminal trial, the jury believed his explanation and convicted him of involuntary manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Meyers Nave report, released in 2019 after the passage of Senate Bill 1421, came to a different conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He can be seen trying to draw (his gun) at least two times and on the final occasion can be seen looking back at his hand on the gun/holster to watch the gun come out,” it reads. When Mehserle fired, the report found, Oscar Grant had his hands behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s lawyer Michael Rains disputed this finding in an interview with NPR and KQED, calling the Meyers Nave analysis “flawed” and based on a single frame of video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s probably one one thousandth of a second,” Rains said. “He doesn’t process, ‘I’m looking at my gun.’ That’s ridiculous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the newly-released records also include statements of BART officers whom Mehserle confided in after the shooting. They tell investigators Mehserle said he believed Grant was going for a gun and never mentioned his taser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Foreman, a senior BART police officer who served as emotional support for Mehserle in the hours after the shooting, told investigators that he spoke to Mehserle every day in the week after he shot Grant. “Every so often he’ll just say, ‘I thought he had a gun, you know, I thought he had a gun,'” Foreman said during a Jan. 9, 2009, interview. He added that Mehserle frequently broke down weeping during these conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t have an answer for that,” Rains said when asked why Mehserle didn’t tell Foreman that he’d meant to use his taser. Rains said his client was in “horrible shape emotionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was both an embarrassing failure and a shameful failure on his part,” Rains said. “And that’s the way he felt for days, for weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreman and three other officers testified at trial that in the days after the shooting Mehserle did not mention anything about the taser or that it was a mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I’d Be in Jail Right Now’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons that Mehserle’s defense remains in question could come down to decisions made by BART Command staff in those early hours after the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mehserle’s Legal Defense Fund lawyer David Mastagni asked to review the bystander video of the shooting before his client provided a statement to investigators on the morning of New Year’s Day, unsealed police records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880660\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11880660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-800x576.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-1020x734.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter-160x115.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/Grantdaughter.png 1492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oscar Grant had a photo of his 4-year-old daughter in his wallet when he was killed by police in 2009. Redaction done by BART police department. \u003ccite>(Via BART Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Commander White conferred with investigators from the D.A.’s Office and they made the decision to let Mehserle and his attorney see the video, according to a report written by White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After watching the video and learning that Oscar Grant had died at the hospital, Mehserle invoked his Fifth Amendment rights and refused to give a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White did discuss ordering Mehserle — an employee — to give a statement, according to her report. A compelled statement would not be usable in a criminal investigation, but it could be used administratively to determine why Mehserle shot Grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But BART Command staff did not compel Mehserle to give an interview that morning. Mehserle said he was too tired to talk, according to White’s report. They allowed him to go home, and he agreed he would make a statement the next day. He did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six days later, Mehserle resigned from the police force rather than give that statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART Command staff also did not require the other officers who were on the platform at the time of the shooting, Emery Knudtson, Jonathan Guerra, Noel Flores and Jon Woffinden, to give interviews. They were instead asked to type up a statement in Microsoft Word. (BART’s regular case management system was visible to other departments.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were not questioned about the actions of Mehserle or Pirone. They were also not questioned about their own actions: Knudtson tackled Fernando Anicete, a friend of Oscar Grant’s, who allegedly threw a phone toward Domenici. Flores pulled both his taser and baton. Woffinden was Mehserle’s partner that night and also drew his baton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were eventually questioned more thoroughly by BART detectives and later by Meyers Nave investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of Oscar Grant’s friends who were with him on the platform, Fernando Anicete, Michael Greer, Jack Bryson, Nigel Bryson and Carlos Reyes were all taken to the BART police station that morning. Each was handcuffed and questioned by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were read their Miranda Rights, according to the police records, but told they weren’t under arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I was to shoot somebody on BART in their chest while they’re already down I’d be in jail right now,” Jack Bryson can be heard telling investigators. “The cops just did the same thing. So why is it different? Because he’s a cop?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the tape detectives tell Bryson that there is “no cover up” and that there is “no favoritism” in how police investigate police shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2009, BART detective Enriquez recommended that all the detainees be charged with resisting arrest, police records show. The other lead investigator, Fueng, agreed. But the records show they were overruled by command staff who did not want the recommendation forwarded to the D.A.’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five detainees went on to sue BART. The agency eventually settled with them for $175,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘A Force With Bad Apples’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When another video of a police killing went viral last summer and protests against police violence once again gripped the country, Wanda Johnson felt the echoes of what had happened with her son. George Floyd was not shot, but the way he was pinned made her think of the way Pirone had held down Oscar Grant. Witnesses to Grant’s shooting said he told officers, “I can’t breathe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October of 2020, Johnson and her family held a press conference to ask that Grant’s case be reopened and that the District Attorney reconsider charges against Tony Pirone. Johnson said they felt the new information released with Senate Bill 1421, combined with the groundswell of protests, made it the right moment to take another look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11880675\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11880675\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/WandaJohnson_TatianaGrant_10-year-anniversary_photoSandhyaDirks-scaled-e1625784652546.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tatiana Grant and Wanda Johnson at the BART Fruitvale Station during a vigil on the 10 year anniversary of Grant’s death in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Sandhya Dirks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>D.A. Nancy O’Malley agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in January 2021 she announced that while Pirone’s conduct was “aggressive, utterly unprofessional and disgraceful” her office could not charge him with anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at videos, we read every report,” she said. “We did everything to see if there was any legal theory that could hold Pirone accountable other than a 149.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penal Code 149 — assault under color of authority — is a misdemeanor. The statute of limitations on that charge ran out long ago. KQED’s review of hundreds of internal police records unsealed by the “Right to Know Act” reveal that officers are rarely criminally charged for potentially criminal misbehavior from perjury to sexual misconduct to improper use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar Grant lost his life and we’re sorry for that,” said the current BART Police Chief Ed Alvarez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said that the agency learned a lot of hard lessons from the killing of Oscar Grant, and that it has improved significantly in the decade since the Grant shooting by implementing reforms including body cameras, better taser training and a civilian auditor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez condemned Pirone’s actions and said they remain against policy. But, he said he personally believes that Mehserle did confuse his gun and his taser. At the same time, Alvarez credits the Meyers Nave report for many of the reforms the department has adopted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who came in after the fact had time to, I think, process a lot more information and they look at things through different lenses,” Alvarez said of the outside investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing has not changed: investigations into shootings or officer misconduct remain in-house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez said he doesn’t see any issue with this common practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Friendships are going to always be there,” Alvarez said. “So you just have to deal with it on the professional level and understand that that is your job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Grant’s uncle Cephus Johnson, who fought for the passage of “The Right to Know Act,” said it is painful to hear the missteps made by investigators in the early hours and days after his nephew’s shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, everything that we knew is actually coming to light today through just listening to these conversations,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To him, it is proof that police cannot police themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always said accountability and transparency we gotta have, and this is the reason why,” he added. “It’s very obvious if all investigations start in this way, we can never fix this system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond this case, the files that have been released under the transparency law show that there is little standardization and less oversight of these internal investigations. Deadly force is overwhelmingly found to be justified and in compliance with policies, even in cases where investigators raised questions about the need for officers to shoot and kill. Investigations into sexual assault by officers do not address systemic issues that allowed those officers to abuse their power. And officers with a history of dishonesty have continued to testify in criminal cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oscar wasn’t the first. Definitely will not be the last,” said his mother Wanda Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to change the force, you would take action on those who commit the offenses. But because you don’t take action on those who commit those offenses, you have exactly what you want — a force with bad apples on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Austin Fast contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow On Our Watch on \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Spotify\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://one.npr.org/?sharedMediaId=998011488:998413542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast app. This podcast is produced as part of the\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cem> California Reporting Project\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a coalition of news organizations in California\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27On+Our+Watch%27+Litigation+Reveals+New+Details+In+Police+Shooting+Of+Oscar+Grant&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11875200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon commemorating one year since George Floyd was killed by police. The cartoon says \"Geroge Floyd Mattered, 1973-2020.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1470\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-800x613.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-1020x781.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-1536x1176.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One year after George Floyd's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870396/court-says-jury-has-reached-verdict-in-derek-chauvins-murder-trial\">murder\u003c/a> by police sparked demonstrations all across the country, the fight for racial justice \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870429/no-justice-when-lives-are-stolen-bay-area-leaders-arent-celebrating-chauvin-verdict-just-yet\">continues\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Systemic racism still \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872011/unequal-distribution-how-businesses-in-east-oakland-and-other-communities-of-color-missed-out-on-ppp-loans\">permeates the fabric of our country\u003c/a> and nearly every day we learn of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/20/998536266/video-withheld-for-2-years-shows-a-black-mans-fatal-arrest-as-he-pleads-for-his-\">horrible new injustice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer saw the nation combat racism unlike any time since the civil rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The days of sweeping white supremacy under the rug and pretending it doesn't exist in the United States are over — and that is a very, very good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11875200\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon commemorating one year since George Floyd was killed by police. The cartoon says \"Geroge Floyd Mattered, 1973-2020.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1470\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-800x613.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-1020x781.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/oneyear_052521_final-1536x1176.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One year after George Floyd's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870396/court-says-jury-has-reached-verdict-in-derek-chauvins-murder-trial\">murder\u003c/a> by police sparked demonstrations all across the country, the fight for racial justice \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870429/no-justice-when-lives-are-stolen-bay-area-leaders-arent-celebrating-chauvin-verdict-just-yet\">continues\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Systemic racism still \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872011/unequal-distribution-how-businesses-in-east-oakland-and-other-communities-of-color-missed-out-on-ppp-loans\">permeates the fabric of our country\u003c/a> and nearly every day we learn of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/20/998536266/video-withheld-for-2-years-shows-a-black-mans-fatal-arrest-as-he-pleads-for-his-\">horrible new injustice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer saw the nation combat racism unlike any time since the civil rights movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The days of sweeping white supremacy under the rug and pretending it doesn't exist in the United States are over — and that is a very, very good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was a victory to many in the Bay Area, but a painful one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870396/court-says-jury-has-reached-verdict-in-derek-chauvins-murder-trial\">convicted Tuesday\u003c/a> of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter in the killing of George Floyd. With gatherings planned in Oakland, San Jose and San Francisco to honor Floyd’s life and process the verdict, many offered muted words of relief, but stopped short of jubilant celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In public statements and on social media, Bay Area civic and social justice leaders said while the conviction of Chauvin was perhaps surprising, and may uplift movements emphasizing the value of Black lives and demanding an end to systemic racism and police violence in the United States, it came at too high a cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True justice would see George Floyd still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant\"]‘Eyes are being opened to see the inhumane things happening to people of color, to people not being held accountable for their actions.’[/pullquote]Cat Brooks, a longtime Oakland activist and co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, told KQED she expected a conviction because of the “sheer brutality of what Derek Chauvin did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was an evolutionary moment in our movement, and we forced justice to take place,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wanda Johnson – the mother of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oscar-grant/\">Oscar Grant\u003c/a>, who was killed by former BART police officer Johannes Mehserle in 2009 – told KQED she was relieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just thankful,” Johnson said, because “eyes are being opened to see the inhumane things happening to people of color, to people not being held accountable for their actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said there was less awareness of police violence against Black people when Mehserle, who claimed he meant to reach for his Taser, shot her son in the back as he lay face down on the Fruitvale Station BART platform. A jury convicted Mehserle of involuntary manslaughter in 2010. He was sentenced to a two-year prison term, of which he served 11 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe in my heart that it is being viewed differently now, it’s different than when Oscar was killed,” Johnson said. In Chauvin’s trial, “there was no way a conviction could not take place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BLeeForCongress/status/1384632496504008709\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lateefah Simon, a BART board member, longtime activist and adviser on policing reform to Gov. Newsom, sees the verdict as a long-overdue signal of something deeper. “To me, it is the beginning of hopefully some deep reconciliation, that has taken over 400 years,” Simon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can no longer look at these boys like monsters — that have no families, and rip them out of cars and shoot them in the back,” Simon told KQED, through tears. “I can’t believe it. I’m shocked. I’m banging pots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s death on Memorial Day 2020 sparked protests in Minneapolis, across the United States and around the world, as people rallied for police reform and racial justice. Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man from Houston, had moved to Minnesota just three years earlier. He was a father and brother who idolized his mother, loved making music and had been a star athlete as a young man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd died after Derek Chauvin pressed his knee on Floyd’s neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds as Floyd lay face down, hands cuffed behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“George Floyd is still dead,” San Francisco Mayor London Breed told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said the verdict brought up “a lot of emotion,” because “sadly as an African American, it’s something we’ve lived with our entire lives. It’s something that unfortunately we’ve come to expect, that this could happen and no one would be held accountable because in some cases African Americans do feel less valued.” She added, “a lot of what you see in this verdict is the outrage that comes from people of all walks of life, in this country and in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t care what race you are, if you saw this video and if you saw what happened, how could you not be heartbroken by what you saw?” Breed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is hard to process the verdict, she said, but it is “definitely a step in the right direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Breed highlighted San Francisco’s own efforts to reform its police force, from its Street Crisis Response Teams to send paramedics and behavioral health specialists, instead of police, to mental health 911 calls, to an effort to redirect some $120 million from law enforcement efforts to investing in Black youth and families, housing and health care. Some critics have derided that disinvestment \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/uhshanti/status/1383870914073305088\">as not really cutting into police work itself\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://defundsfpdnow.com/\">The Defund SFPD Now group\u003c/a> said it would “be tempting to consider this verdict a win,” but “the only way to reduce police violence is to reduce the number of interactions between police and our communities” by defunding, disarming and disbanding police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11869627 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/Image-from-iOS-22-1020x680.jpg']At Lake Merritt, Wednesday, Oaklanders speaking to KQED said everything from Floyd’s death, to the trial, and the verdict, were sad all around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit of a paradox for me. The damage is done, but how do we provide justice?” said Robel Habte, an Oakland resident who comes from eastern Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Ainsworth, also an Oakland resident who is originally from the United Kingdom, said, “I don’t feel personally any cause for celebration in putting someone away for life,” while adding that police reform is needed across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Oakland resident, Toyosi Oniru, who intends on studying criminal law in school, told KQED the conviction was a win because “they’re finally hearing us, that Black lives do matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, “I still wake up every day concerned for my dad, for my brothers, for my cousins, all the Black males in my family, all my Black male friends — that’s still a big concern for me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anisha White (left) and Toyosi Oniru sit at Lake Merritt in Oakland on Tuesday April, 20, 2021, after a guilty verdict was announced for Derek Chauvin earlier in the afternoon. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Oakland officials agreed that the work to bend the arc of justice in the country carries on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be no justice when lives are stolen. Only accountability,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/carroll_fife/status/1384615256148701199?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a> Oakland Councilmember Carroll Fife. Councilmember Loren Taylor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lorenmtaylor/status/1384628374996275203?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “Relieved that our criminal justice system finally got something right when it comes to police violence. At the same time, I’m not naive to the fact that this is just one verdict in one trial and true just society consistently renders (justice).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Kaplan, Oakland’s vice mayor, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Kaplan4Oakland/status/1384599940895154177?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “Let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LibbySchaaf/status/1384615756797595648?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “Today’s verdict is a just one, and it’s also an indictment. The deep structural racism that pervades our country — and leads to the state-sponsored murder of Black men like George Floyd and too many others — must end. Juries shouldn’t have to tell us this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom noted, in a statement, “The hard truth is that, if George Floyd looked like me, he’d still be alive today. No conviction can repair the harm done to George Floyd and his family, but today’s verdict provides some accountability as we work to root out the racial injustice that haunts our society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one Bay Area political leader drew condemnation for her remarks on the Chauvin verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/therecount/status/1384624882600796167\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, at a press conference with the Congressional Black Caucus, said, “Thank you George Floyd for sacrificing your life for justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many on social media criticized Pelosi’s remarks, noting that Floyd did not willingly sacrifice his life – it was taken from him by Derek Chauvin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Marisa Lagos and Scott Shafer, and NPR’s Laurel Wamsley.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Bay Area civic and social justice leaders said while Derek Chauvin's conviction was perhaps surprising, and may uplift racial justice movements, it came at too high a cost: George Floyd's life.",
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"title": "‘No Justice When Lives Are Stolen.’ Bay Area Leaders Aren't Celebrating Chauvin Verdict Just Yet | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was a victory to many in the Bay Area, but a painful one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870396/court-says-jury-has-reached-verdict-in-derek-chauvins-murder-trial\">convicted Tuesday\u003c/a> of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter in the killing of George Floyd. With gatherings planned in Oakland, San Jose and San Francisco to honor Floyd’s life and process the verdict, many offered muted words of relief, but stopped short of jubilant celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In public statements and on social media, Bay Area civic and social justice leaders said while the conviction of Chauvin was perhaps surprising, and may uplift movements emphasizing the value of Black lives and demanding an end to systemic racism and police violence in the United States, it came at too high a cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True justice would see George Floyd still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Eyes are being opened to see the inhumane things happening to people of color, to people not being held accountable for their actions.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cat Brooks, a longtime Oakland activist and co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project, told KQED she expected a conviction because of the “sheer brutality of what Derek Chauvin did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was an evolutionary moment in our movement, and we forced justice to take place,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wanda Johnson – the mother of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oscar-grant/\">Oscar Grant\u003c/a>, who was killed by former BART police officer Johannes Mehserle in 2009 – told KQED she was relieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m just thankful,” Johnson said, because “eyes are being opened to see the inhumane things happening to people of color, to people not being held accountable for their actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said there was less awareness of police violence against Black people when Mehserle, who claimed he meant to reach for his Taser, shot her son in the back as he lay face down on the Fruitvale Station BART platform. A jury convicted Mehserle of involuntary manslaughter in 2010. He was sentenced to a two-year prison term, of which he served 11 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe in my heart that it is being viewed differently now, it’s different than when Oscar was killed,” Johnson said. In Chauvin’s trial, “there was no way a conviction could not take place.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Lateefah Simon, a BART board member, longtime activist and adviser on policing reform to Gov. Newsom, sees the verdict as a long-overdue signal of something deeper. “To me, it is the beginning of hopefully some deep reconciliation, that has taken over 400 years,” Simon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can no longer look at these boys like monsters — that have no families, and rip them out of cars and shoot them in the back,” Simon told KQED, through tears. “I can’t believe it. I’m shocked. I’m banging pots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s death on Memorial Day 2020 sparked protests in Minneapolis, across the United States and around the world, as people rallied for police reform and racial justice. Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man from Houston, had moved to Minnesota just three years earlier. He was a father and brother who idolized his mother, loved making music and had been a star athlete as a young man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd died after Derek Chauvin pressed his knee on Floyd’s neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds as Floyd lay face down, hands cuffed behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“George Floyd is still dead,” San Francisco Mayor London Breed told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said the verdict brought up “a lot of emotion,” because “sadly as an African American, it’s something we’ve lived with our entire lives. It’s something that unfortunately we’ve come to expect, that this could happen and no one would be held accountable because in some cases African Americans do feel less valued.” She added, “a lot of what you see in this verdict is the outrage that comes from people of all walks of life, in this country and in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t care what race you are, if you saw this video and if you saw what happened, how could you not be heartbroken by what you saw?” Breed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is hard to process the verdict, she said, but it is “definitely a step in the right direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Breed highlighted San Francisco’s own efforts to reform its police force, from its Street Crisis Response Teams to send paramedics and behavioral health specialists, instead of police, to mental health 911 calls, to an effort to redirect some $120 million from law enforcement efforts to investing in Black youth and families, housing and health care. Some critics have derided that disinvestment \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/uhshanti/status/1383870914073305088\">as not really cutting into police work itself\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://defundsfpdnow.com/\">The Defund SFPD Now group\u003c/a> said it would “be tempting to consider this verdict a win,” but “the only way to reduce police violence is to reduce the number of interactions between police and our communities” by defunding, disarming and disbanding police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At Lake Merritt, Wednesday, Oaklanders speaking to KQED said everything from Floyd’s death, to the trial, and the verdict, were sad all around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit of a paradox for me. The damage is done, but how do we provide justice?” said Robel Habte, an Oakland resident who comes from eastern Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Ainsworth, also an Oakland resident who is originally from the United Kingdom, said, “I don’t feel personally any cause for celebration in putting someone away for life,” while adding that police reform is needed across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Oakland resident, Toyosi Oniru, who intends on studying criminal law in school, told KQED the conviction was a win because “they’re finally hearing us, that Black lives do matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she added, “I still wake up every day concerned for my dad, for my brothers, for my cousins, all the Black males in my family, all my Black male friends — that’s still a big concern for me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1620px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1620\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru.jpg 1620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/WhiteAndOniru-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1620px) 100vw, 1620px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anisha White (left) and Toyosi Oniru sit at Lake Merritt in Oakland on Tuesday April, 20, 2021, after a guilty verdict was announced for Derek Chauvin earlier in the afternoon. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many Oakland officials agreed that the work to bend the arc of justice in the country carries on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be no justice when lives are stolen. Only accountability,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/carroll_fife/status/1384615256148701199?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a> Oakland Councilmember Carroll Fife. Councilmember Loren Taylor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lorenmtaylor/status/1384628374996275203?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “Relieved that our criminal justice system finally got something right when it comes to police violence. At the same time, I’m not naive to the fact that this is just one verdict in one trial and true just society consistently renders (justice).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Kaplan, Oakland’s vice mayor, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Kaplan4Oakland/status/1384599940895154177?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “Let justice roll on like a river, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LibbySchaaf/status/1384615756797595648?s=20\">tweeted\u003c/a>, “Today’s verdict is a just one, and it’s also an indictment. The deep structural racism that pervades our country — and leads to the state-sponsored murder of Black men like George Floyd and too many others — must end. Juries shouldn’t have to tell us this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom noted, in a statement, “The hard truth is that, if George Floyd looked like me, he’d still be alive today. No conviction can repair the harm done to George Floyd and his family, but today’s verdict provides some accountability as we work to root out the racial injustice that haunts our society.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one Bay Area political leader drew condemnation for her remarks on the Chauvin verdict.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, at a press conference with the Congressional Black Caucus, said, “Thank you George Floyd for sacrificing your life for justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many on social media criticized Pelosi’s remarks, noting that Floyd did not willingly sacrifice his life – it was taken from him by Derek Chauvin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Marisa Lagos and Scott Shafer, and NPR’s Laurel Wamsley.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Derek Chauvin Is Guilty of All Charges in Murder of George Floyd",
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"headTitle": "Derek Chauvin Is Guilty of All Charges in Murder of George Floyd | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The jury has found former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin guilty on all the counts he faced over the murder of George Floyd. The trial has been one of the most closely watched cases in recent memory, setting off a national reckoning on police violence and systemic racism even before the trial commenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chauvin, 45, has been found guilty of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With only his eyes visible as the rest of his face was hidden behind a surgical mask, Chauvin watched as the verdict was returned. Judge Peter Cahill thanked the jury for their “heavy-duty jury service.” Chauvin was remanded into custody as the jury was dismissed, and Cahill said sentencing is expected in eight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State sentencing \u003ca href=\"https://mn.gov/msgc-stat/documents/Guidelines/2020/2020StandardSentencingGuidelinesGrid.pdf\">guidelines\u003c/a> recommend 12.5 years in prison for a conviction on unintentional second-degree murder for someone with no criminal history. But prosecutors could seek a sentence up to the maximum of 40 years on that count if Cahill determines there were aggravating factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deputy handcuffed Chauvin and escorted him to a side room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Philonise Floyd, brother of George Floyd\"]‘I was just praying they would find him guilty. As an African American, we usually never get justice.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Floyd’s brother, Philonise Floyd, hugged prosecutor Jerry Blackwell, Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison and others, according to pool reports from a journalist in the courtroom. Ellison and Blackwell shook hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philonise Floyd had been seen praying in the courtroom. Asked by a pool reporter afterward what he had been praying for, he answered: “I was just praying they would find him guilty. As an African American, we usually never get justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no noticeable reaction from the jury, according to a pool reporter. The jurors each remained still and quiet, staring at the judge until they were called upon to announce their judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury had been deliberating for about 10 hours over two days, following closing arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s death on Memorial Day 2020 sparked protests in Minneapolis, across the United States and around the world. It prompted calls for police reform and soul-searching on issues of systemic racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd was a 46-year-old Black man from Houston who had moved to Minnesota just three years earlier. He was a father and brother who idolized his mother, loved making music and had been a star athlete as a young man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd died after Chauvin pressed his knee on Floyd’s neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds as Floyd lay face down, hands cuffed behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Trial\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Judge Cahill presided in the case. Known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/10/975678095/judge-peter-cahill-in-derek-chauvin-trial-hes-known-for-being-fair-decisive\">being fair and decisive\u003c/a>, Cahill made the unusual decision to allow the trial to be broadcast live. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution argued that Floyd died as a direct result of Chauvin’s actions: that due to Chauvin’s weight on Floyd’s neck and back while holding him in the prone position, Floyd died of low oxygen levels that caused a brain injury and arrhythmia, causing his heart to stop. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He did what he did on purpose, and it killed George Floyd,” said prosecutor Steve Schleicher. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testimony in the case was remarkable in that witnesses for the prosecution included numerous members of the Minneapolis police. Minneapolis Police Department Chief Medaria Arradondo and other members of his department \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/05/984412060/watch-live-derek-chauvin-trial-enters-second-week-of-testimony\">testified\u003c/a> that Chauvin’s lengthy restraint of Floyd was not reasonable and violated the department’s policies on use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an initial reasonableness in trying to get him under control in the first few seconds,” Arradondo testified, “but once there was no longer any resistance, and clearly when Mr. Floyd was no longer responsive and even motionless, to continue to apply that level of force to a person proned out, handcuffed behind their back — that in no way, shape or form is anything that is by policy, is not part of our training and is certainly not part of our ethics or our values.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/ap_21109604855161-722286e201da0400f8c7c82d899c1b9549f2905c-e1618950002875.jpg\" alt=\"Derek Chauvin without a mask, frowning\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870397\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin listens to his defense attorney make closing arguments on Monday during his trial in the death of George Floyd. \u003ccite>(Court TV via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chauvin’s defense, meanwhile, argued that there were a range of potential factors in Floyd’s death, including what it said was Floyd’s enlarged heart, fentanyl and methamphetamine in his system and possibly carbon monoxide from squad car exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all, defense attorney Eric Nelson strove to inject doubt into the state’s case. He framed Chauvin’s actions as those of a “reasonable police officer” doing his job under stressful and chaotic circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testimony ranged from complex medical and forensic pathology topics to discussion of police training and officers’ use of force. There were moments of deep emotion, including from bystander \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/03/31/983192384/chauvin-trial-witnesses-describe-officers-fatal-detention-of-george-floyd\">Charles McMillian\u003c/a> and the young woman identified in court as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/03/30/982729306/it-wasnt-right-young-woman-who-recorded-chauvin-and-floyd-on-video-tells-court\">Darnella\u003c/a>, who was 17 when she took video of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hennepin County’s medical examiner, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/09/985722945/live-video-medical-examiner-to-testify-about-george-floyds-death\">Andrew Baker\u003c/a>, testified that Floyd died from cardiopulmonary arrest resulting from “law enforcement subdual, restraint and the neck compression.” He said the manner of death was “homicide,” meaning that someone else was involved in the death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='george-floyd']Compared with the prosecution, the defense’s testimony was brief. Defense attorney Nelson called just six witnesses, including a retired Minneapolis police officer and a retired paramedic who had interacted with Floyd during a 2019 traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defense spent the most time questioning Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/14/987134841/watch-live-defense-testimony-resumes-in-derek-chauvins-trial\">David Fowler\u003c/a>, a retired forensic pathologist who testified that Floyd died from a sudden cardiac event and that opioids and methamphetamine in his system and possibly carbon monoxide poisoning played a role. He disputed the Hennepin County medical examiner’s judgment that the manner of Floyd’s death was “homicide” and said that it should have been classified as “undetermined,” given the number of factors in play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the opinion of Baker, the medical examiner, “the law enforcement subdual, restraint and the neck compression was just more than Mr. Floyd could take, by virtue of those heart conditions.” While fentanyl and heart disease may have contributed to Floyd’s death, they were not the direct cause, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/09/985722945/live-video-medical-examiner-to-testify-about-george-floyds-death\">Baker said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other medical and forensic witnesses called by the prosecution agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. George Floyd died from a cardiopulmonary arrest. It was caused by low oxygen levels. And those low oxygen levels were induced by the prone restraint and positional asphyxiation that he was subjected to,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/12/986405385/watch-live-derek-chauvin-trial-testimony-enters-3rd-week\">testified \u003c/a>Dr. Jonathan Rich, a cardiologist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s brother, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/12/986508546/watch-george-floyds-brother-testifies-in-derek-chauvin-trial\">Philonise Floyd\u003c/a>, described their Houston childhood and told the court about how Floyd “was a leader in our household.” Floyd’s girlfriend, Courteney Ross, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/01/983407032/watch-live-day-4-of-derek-chauvin-trial-starts-with-floyd-s-girlfriend\">described\u003c/a> her affection for him and their mutual struggle with opioid addiction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870447\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut.jpg\" alt=\"very emotional woman wearing mask, crying with face upturned\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman cries as the verdict is announced in the trial of former police officer Derek Chauvin outside the Hennepin County Government Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota on April 20, 2021. \u003ccite>(CHANDAN KHANNA/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Charges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Unintentional second-degree murder \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/19/988775742/trial-of-derek-chauvin-in-the-death-of-george-floyd-goes-to-the-jury\">is defined\u003c/a> as causing death without intent to do so, while committing or attempting to commit a felony offense. The maximum sentence for second-degree murder is 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third-degree murder is causing death to an individual by “perpetrating an act imminently dangerous to others and evidencing a depraved mind without regard for human life,” but without the intent to cause death. It carries a maximum sentence of 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second-degree manslaughter is causing the death of another by “culpable negligence, creating an unreasonable risk” in which the defendant “consciously takes the risk of causing death or great bodily harm to another individual.” It carries a maximum sentence of 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Jury\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The names of the jurors are not known. But we do know that the jury was significantly \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/25/980646634/half-of-the-jury-in-the-chauvin-trial-is-non-white-thats-only-part-of-the-story\">less white \u003c/a>than \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/hennepincountyminnesota,minneapoliscityminnesota/PST045219\">Hennepin County\u003c/a> itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12 jurors include four Black people, two people who identify as multiracial and six white people. Two alternates — both of them white women — have been dismissed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury reported each day for duty to the Hennepin County Government Center under \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/12/985803829/jurors-in-chauvin-trial-have-security-escort-are-partially-sequestered\">intense security measures\u003c/a>, using a private entrance to enter the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jurors were given a laptop and monitor to review the extensive video footage and exhibits presented during the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use your common sense. Believe your eyes. What you saw, you saw,” prosecutor Schleicher told the jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state is “missing any one single element” to meet the burden of proving Chauvin’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt for each of the three counts, “it is a not-guilty verdict,” defense attorney Nelson told them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870457\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">George Floyd’s brother Terrence Floyd (C) holds up his hands with family lawyer Ben Crump (R) during a press conference following the guilty verdict in the trial of former police officer Derek Chauvin in Minneapolis, Minnesota on April 20, 2021. \u003ccite>(KEREM YUCEL/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Beyond the Courtroom\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the Sunday before the last week of testimony, another Black man was killed at the hands of police in Hennepin County. Daunte Wright, 20, was fatally shot by Brooklyn Center officer Kim Potter during a traffic stop. Potter, who says she mistakenly fired her gun instead of a Taser, resigned from the force and has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/14/987228386/officer-who-shot-daunte-wright-arrested-to-be-charged-with-2nd-degree-manslaught\">charged\u003c/a> with second-degree manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major demonstrations have followed Wright’s shooting, with protesters gathering outside the Brooklyn Center police station in suburban Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama drew a straight line between the deaths of Floyd and Wright: “The fact that this could happen even as the city of Minneapolis is going through the trial of Derek Chauvin and reliving the heart-wrenching murder of George Floyd indicates not just how important it is to conduct a full and transparent investigation, but also just how badly we need to reimagine policing and public safety in this country,” they said in a statement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Court+Says+Jury+Has+Reached+Verdict+In+Derek+Chauvin%27s+Murder+Trial&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The jury has found former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin guilty on all the counts he faced over the murder of George Floyd. The trial has been one of the most closely watched cases in recent memory, setting off a national reckoning on police violence and systemic racism even before the trial commenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chauvin, 45, has been found guilty of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With only his eyes visible as the rest of his face was hidden behind a surgical mask, Chauvin watched as the verdict was returned. Judge Peter Cahill thanked the jury for their “heavy-duty jury service.” Chauvin was remanded into custody as the jury was dismissed, and Cahill said sentencing is expected in eight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State sentencing \u003ca href=\"https://mn.gov/msgc-stat/documents/Guidelines/2020/2020StandardSentencingGuidelinesGrid.pdf\">guidelines\u003c/a> recommend 12.5 years in prison for a conviction on unintentional second-degree murder for someone with no criminal history. But prosecutors could seek a sentence up to the maximum of 40 years on that count if Cahill determines there were aggravating factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A deputy handcuffed Chauvin and escorted him to a side room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I was just praying they would find him guilty. As an African American, we usually never get justice.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Floyd’s brother, Philonise Floyd, hugged prosecutor Jerry Blackwell, Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison and others, according to pool reports from a journalist in the courtroom. Ellison and Blackwell shook hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philonise Floyd had been seen praying in the courtroom. Asked by a pool reporter afterward what he had been praying for, he answered: “I was just praying they would find him guilty. As an African American, we usually never get justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no noticeable reaction from the jury, according to a pool reporter. The jurors each remained still and quiet, staring at the judge until they were called upon to announce their judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury had been deliberating for about 10 hours over two days, following closing arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s death on Memorial Day 2020 sparked protests in Minneapolis, across the United States and around the world. It prompted calls for police reform and soul-searching on issues of systemic racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd was a 46-year-old Black man from Houston who had moved to Minnesota just three years earlier. He was a father and brother who idolized his mother, loved making music and had been a star athlete as a young man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd died after Chauvin pressed his knee on Floyd’s neck for 9 minutes and 29 seconds as Floyd lay face down, hands cuffed behind his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Trial\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Judge Cahill presided in the case. Known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/10/975678095/judge-peter-cahill-in-derek-chauvin-trial-hes-known-for-being-fair-decisive\">being fair and decisive\u003c/a>, Cahill made the unusual decision to allow the trial to be broadcast live. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecution argued that Floyd died as a direct result of Chauvin’s actions: that due to Chauvin’s weight on Floyd’s neck and back while holding him in the prone position, Floyd died of low oxygen levels that caused a brain injury and arrhythmia, causing his heart to stop. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He did what he did on purpose, and it killed George Floyd,” said prosecutor Steve Schleicher. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testimony in the case was remarkable in that witnesses for the prosecution included numerous members of the Minneapolis police. Minneapolis Police Department Chief Medaria Arradondo and other members of his department \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/05/984412060/watch-live-derek-chauvin-trial-enters-second-week-of-testimony\">testified\u003c/a> that Chauvin’s lengthy restraint of Floyd was not reasonable and violated the department’s policies on use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an initial reasonableness in trying to get him under control in the first few seconds,” Arradondo testified, “but once there was no longer any resistance, and clearly when Mr. Floyd was no longer responsive and even motionless, to continue to apply that level of force to a person proned out, handcuffed behind their back — that in no way, shape or form is anything that is by policy, is not part of our training and is certainly not part of our ethics or our values.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/ap_21109604855161-722286e201da0400f8c7c82d899c1b9549f2905c-e1618950002875.jpg\" alt=\"Derek Chauvin without a mask, frowning\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870397\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin listens to his defense attorney make closing arguments on Monday during his trial in the death of George Floyd. \u003ccite>(Court TV via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chauvin’s defense, meanwhile, argued that there were a range of potential factors in Floyd’s death, including what it said was Floyd’s enlarged heart, fentanyl and methamphetamine in his system and possibly carbon monoxide from squad car exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all, defense attorney Eric Nelson strove to inject doubt into the state’s case. He framed Chauvin’s actions as those of a “reasonable police officer” doing his job under stressful and chaotic circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testimony ranged from complex medical and forensic pathology topics to discussion of police training and officers’ use of force. There were moments of deep emotion, including from bystander \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/03/31/983192384/chauvin-trial-witnesses-describe-officers-fatal-detention-of-george-floyd\">Charles McMillian\u003c/a> and the young woman identified in court as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/03/30/982729306/it-wasnt-right-young-woman-who-recorded-chauvin-and-floyd-on-video-tells-court\">Darnella\u003c/a>, who was 17 when she took video of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hennepin County’s medical examiner, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/09/985722945/live-video-medical-examiner-to-testify-about-george-floyds-death\">Andrew Baker\u003c/a>, testified that Floyd died from cardiopulmonary arrest resulting from “law enforcement subdual, restraint and the neck compression.” He said the manner of death was “homicide,” meaning that someone else was involved in the death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Compared with the prosecution, the defense’s testimony was brief. Defense attorney Nelson called just six witnesses, including a retired Minneapolis police officer and a retired paramedic who had interacted with Floyd during a 2019 traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defense spent the most time questioning Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/14/987134841/watch-live-defense-testimony-resumes-in-derek-chauvins-trial\">David Fowler\u003c/a>, a retired forensic pathologist who testified that Floyd died from a sudden cardiac event and that opioids and methamphetamine in his system and possibly carbon monoxide poisoning played a role. He disputed the Hennepin County medical examiner’s judgment that the manner of Floyd’s death was “homicide” and said that it should have been classified as “undetermined,” given the number of factors in play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the opinion of Baker, the medical examiner, “the law enforcement subdual, restraint and the neck compression was just more than Mr. Floyd could take, by virtue of those heart conditions.” While fentanyl and heart disease may have contributed to Floyd’s death, they were not the direct cause, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/09/985722945/live-video-medical-examiner-to-testify-about-george-floyds-death\">Baker said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other medical and forensic witnesses called by the prosecution agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. George Floyd died from a cardiopulmonary arrest. It was caused by low oxygen levels. And those low oxygen levels were induced by the prone restraint and positional asphyxiation that he was subjected to,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/12/986405385/watch-live-derek-chauvin-trial-testimony-enters-3rd-week\">testified \u003c/a>Dr. Jonathan Rich, a cardiologist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floyd’s brother, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/12/986508546/watch-george-floyds-brother-testifies-in-derek-chauvin-trial\">Philonise Floyd\u003c/a>, described their Houston childhood and told the court about how Floyd “was a leader in our household.” Floyd’s girlfriend, Courteney Ross, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/01/983407032/watch-live-day-4-of-derek-chauvin-trial-starts-with-floyd-s-girlfriend\">described\u003c/a> her affection for him and their mutual struggle with opioid addiction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870447\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut.jpg\" alt=\"very emotional woman wearing mask, crying with face upturned\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48688_GettyImages-1232424784-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman cries as the verdict is announced in the trial of former police officer Derek Chauvin outside the Hennepin County Government Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota on April 20, 2021. \u003ccite>(CHANDAN KHANNA/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>The Charges\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Unintentional second-degree murder \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/19/988775742/trial-of-derek-chauvin-in-the-death-of-george-floyd-goes-to-the-jury\">is defined\u003c/a> as causing death without intent to do so, while committing or attempting to commit a felony offense. The maximum sentence for second-degree murder is 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third-degree murder is causing death to an individual by “perpetrating an act imminently dangerous to others and evidencing a depraved mind without regard for human life,” but without the intent to cause death. It carries a maximum sentence of 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second-degree manslaughter is causing the death of another by “culpable negligence, creating an unreasonable risk” in which the defendant “consciously takes the risk of causing death or great bodily harm to another individual.” It carries a maximum sentence of 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Jury\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The names of the jurors are not known. But we do know that the jury was significantly \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/25/980646634/half-of-the-jury-in-the-chauvin-trial-is-non-white-thats-only-part-of-the-story\">less white \u003c/a>than \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/hennepincountyminnesota,minneapoliscityminnesota/PST045219\">Hennepin County\u003c/a> itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12 jurors include four Black people, two people who identify as multiracial and six white people. Two alternates — both of them white women — have been dismissed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury reported each day for duty to the Hennepin County Government Center under \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/trial-over-killing-of-george-floyd/2021/04/12/985803829/jurors-in-chauvin-trial-have-security-escort-are-partially-sequestered\">intense security measures\u003c/a>, using a private entrance to enter the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jurors were given a laptop and monitor to review the extensive video footage and exhibits presented during the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Use your common sense. Believe your eyes. What you saw, you saw,” prosecutor Schleicher told the jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state is “missing any one single element” to meet the burden of proving Chauvin’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt for each of the three counts, “it is a not-guilty verdict,” defense attorney Nelson told them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11870457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11870457\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/04/RS48690_GettyImages-1232425268-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">George Floyd’s brother Terrence Floyd (C) holds up his hands with family lawyer Ben Crump (R) during a press conference following the guilty verdict in the trial of former police officer Derek Chauvin in Minneapolis, Minnesota on April 20, 2021. \u003ccite>(KEREM YUCEL/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Beyond the Courtroom\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the Sunday before the last week of testimony, another Black man was killed at the hands of police in Hennepin County. Daunte Wright, 20, was fatally shot by Brooklyn Center officer Kim Potter during a traffic stop. Potter, who says she mistakenly fired her gun instead of a Taser, resigned from the force and has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/14/987228386/officer-who-shot-daunte-wright-arrested-to-be-charged-with-2nd-degree-manslaught\">charged\u003c/a> with second-degree manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major demonstrations have followed Wright’s shooting, with protesters gathering outside the Brooklyn Center police station in suburban Minneapolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama drew a straight line between the deaths of Floyd and Wright: “The fact that this could happen even as the city of Minneapolis is going through the trial of Derek Chauvin and reliving the heart-wrenching murder of George Floyd indicates not just how important it is to conduct a full and transparent investigation, but also just how badly we need to reimagine policing and public safety in this country,” they said in a statement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Court+Says+Jury+Has+Reached+Verdict+In+Derek+Chauvin%27s+Murder+Trial&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "New California Bill Takes Aim at Non-Disclosure Agreements That Block Talk of Harassment",
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"content": "\u003cp>Silicon Valley is \u003ca href=\"https://www.teamblind.com/blog/index.php/2018/09/04/15-percent-of-tech-workers-silenced-by-an-nda/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">infamous\u003c/a> for making prospective and departing employees sign agreements designed to prevent them from speaking out about just about everything. But in recent years, state lawmakers have been chipping away at that legal practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They go by many names: non-disclosure, non-disparagement and confidentiality agreements. Some you sign to get the job, some you sign on the way out. They’re all intended to keep people silent about what goes on behind closed doors. And while initially “NDAs” were mainly about protecting trade secrets, the #MeToo movement and the Black Lives Matter movement — along with the broader effort toward racial justice — have exposed the way the NDA also serves as corporate cover for illegal behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ifeoma Ozoma']‘The agreements are written so broadly, you can’t even speak to your spouse about what happened. It really is a gag order, and it compounds the harm, because you’ve already experienced the discrimination, or harassment, you’ve been pushed out of your job, and you can’t even explain why you left.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t fix a problem if you don’t know there’s a problem,” said state Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino. She authored one of two laws passed in 2018 that made it illegal for companies to bar people from going public about misconduct involving sex or gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone is not allowed to speak out about what happened to them, it’s never gonna change,” she said. “Sure, if you’re Coca-Cola and you don’t want somebody giving away the secret ingredients, no problem. We understand that. But people should always have the right to be able to speak out against any form of discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Leyva has introduced a new bill, \u003ca href=\"https://sd20.senate.ca.gov/news/2021-02-08-senator-leyva-introduces-%E2%80%9Csilenced-no-more-act%E2%80%9D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate Bill 331\u003c/a>, which casts a wider net — covering workplace discrimination involving race, ethnicity, age, disability and religion. Even, and perhaps especially, in a severance settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re multibillion-dollar corporations. If Pinterest decided to sue me, I would be bankrupted,” said Ifeoma Ozoma, a former tech policy manager at Google, Facebook and Pinterest. Ozoma \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824857/silicon-valleys-black-employees-question-corporate-claims-that-black-lives-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">went public\u003c/a> last year against Pinterest with allegations she was underpaid and subjected to racist comments and retaliation. These days, she’s lobbying for Leyva’s bill. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agreements are written so broadly, you can’t even speak to your spouse about what happened. It really is a gag order, and it compounds the harm, because you’ve already experienced the discrimination, or harassment, you’ve been pushed out of your job, and you can’t even explain why you left,” Ozoma said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that even new agreements, which are crafted to comply with California’s new laws about sexual and gender harassment and discrimination, are still written in language designed to confuse and intimidate. “I would not be surprised if folks who could not afford legal help or did not understand that the [new] statutes existed, think that they are under a gag order, even if they fall under those categories,” Ozoma said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Political analysts say you won’t see individual tech titans openly oppose this bill, because when a political position is unpopular, California companies typically leave the public lobbying to groups like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesvo.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Organization\u003c/a>, formerly the San Jose Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce. But just a few months ago, that organization ousted its CEO over a racist campaign ad \u003ca href=\"https://sanjosespotlight.com/san-jose-councilmember-denounces-racist-message-from-backer-targeting-her-opponent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scandal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"silicon-valley\" label=\"more coverage\"]“I don’t think that you will get a lot of pushback anywhere in Silicon Valley on this type of legislation. That day is past,” said Russell Hancock, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://jointventure.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, a think tank in San Jose that studies the regional economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a well-established gap over the last half century between the progressive political rhetoric of Silicon Valley leaders and their companies’ behavior behind the scenes with employees. But Hancock says the industry is facing increasing pressure to change from the outside, as well as the inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Workforce, stock holders, other stake holders are becoming outspoken, vociferous and even demanding on management, workplace culture and other ethical issues,” he said. “We’ve been famously non-unionized, a Wild West. That is actually starting to change, even at big companies. I don’t mean to be naive or sentimental, but I think 2020 was an important year and people have come to feel differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest Silicon Valley companies are multinational, employing hundreds of thousands of people far beyond the reach of California law. But as the #MeToo movement and the Black Lives Matter movement demonstrate, the court of public opinion is increasingly global.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill covers every single form of workplace harassment or discrimination,” Ozoma said. “I’m hoping this lays the groundwork for similar bills in New York and in other states, and maybe even at the federal level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t fix a problem if you don’t know there’s a problem,” said state Sen. Connie Leyva, D-Chino. She authored one of two laws passed in 2018 that made it illegal for companies to bar people from going public about misconduct involving sex or gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone is not allowed to speak out about what happened to them, it’s never gonna change,” she said. “Sure, if you’re Coca-Cola and you don’t want somebody giving away the secret ingredients, no problem. We understand that. But people should always have the right to be able to speak out against any form of discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Leyva has introduced a new bill, \u003ca href=\"https://sd20.senate.ca.gov/news/2021-02-08-senator-leyva-introduces-%E2%80%9Csilenced-no-more-act%E2%80%9D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate Bill 331\u003c/a>, which casts a wider net — covering workplace discrimination involving race, ethnicity, age, disability and religion. Even, and perhaps especially, in a severance settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re multibillion-dollar corporations. If Pinterest decided to sue me, I would be bankrupted,” said Ifeoma Ozoma, a former tech policy manager at Google, Facebook and Pinterest. Ozoma \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11824857/silicon-valleys-black-employees-question-corporate-claims-that-black-lives-matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">went public\u003c/a> last year against Pinterest with allegations she was underpaid and subjected to racist comments and retaliation. These days, she’s lobbying for Leyva’s bill. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agreements are written so broadly, you can’t even speak to your spouse about what happened. It really is a gag order, and it compounds the harm, because you’ve already experienced the discrimination, or harassment, you’ve been pushed out of your job, and you can’t even explain why you left,” Ozoma said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that even new agreements, which are crafted to comply with California’s new laws about sexual and gender harassment and discrimination, are still written in language designed to confuse and intimidate. “I would not be surprised if folks who could not afford legal help or did not understand that the [new] statutes existed, think that they are under a gag order, even if they fall under those categories,” Ozoma said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Political analysts say you won’t see individual tech titans openly oppose this bill, because when a political position is unpopular, California companies typically leave the public lobbying to groups like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesvo.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Organization\u003c/a>, formerly the San Jose Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce. But just a few months ago, that organization ousted its CEO over a racist campaign ad \u003ca href=\"https://sanjosespotlight.com/san-jose-councilmember-denounces-racist-message-from-backer-targeting-her-opponent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scandal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I don’t think that you will get a lot of pushback anywhere in Silicon Valley on this type of legislation. That day is past,” said Russell Hancock, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://jointventure.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, a think tank in San Jose that studies the regional economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been a well-established gap over the last half century between the progressive political rhetoric of Silicon Valley leaders and their companies’ behavior behind the scenes with employees. But Hancock says the industry is facing increasing pressure to change from the outside, as well as the inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Workforce, stock holders, other stake holders are becoming outspoken, vociferous and even demanding on management, workplace culture and other ethical issues,” he said. “We’ve been famously non-unionized, a Wild West. That is actually starting to change, even at big companies. I don’t mean to be naive or sentimental, but I think 2020 was an important year and people have come to feel differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest Silicon Valley companies are multinational, employing hundreds of thousands of people far beyond the reach of California law. But as the #MeToo movement and the Black Lives Matter movement demonstrate, the court of public opinion is increasingly global.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill covers every single form of workplace harassment or discrimination,” Ozoma said. “I’m hoping this lays the groundwork for similar bills in New York and in other states, and maybe even at the federal level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Black Lives Matter movement has been nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the movement marks the United States as its birthplace, it was nominated for the much-vaunted prize by Norwegian member of Parliament Petter Eide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I recognize Black Lives Matter as a very important global movement,” Eide said on a phone call with KQED, “and I think that what they are working for is extremely important in many countries.” [aside tag=\"black-lives-matter\" label=\"More Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Lives Matter, the hashtag-turned-movement-turned-\u003ca href=\"https://blacklivesmatter.com/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global network\u003c/a> was co-founded by\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877837/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-on-protests-police-violence-and-election-2020\"> Bay Area native Alicia Garza\u003c/a> in collaboration with Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi. Since its founding following the killing of Trayvon Martin in 2012, the movement has inspired groups and protests worldwide, most recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11823403/george-floyd-anti-racism-and-protests-against-police-violence-echo-globally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the wake of George Floyd’s killing\u003c/a> by Minneapolis police. The summer of 2020 saw Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Hong Kong, Dakar, Berlin and other cities around the world. In some places, like Bristol, England, protesters toppled racist statues as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the announcement and an article in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/29/black-lives-matter-nobel-peace-prize-petter-eide-norweigan-mp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Guardian\u003c/a>, Eide says he’s been receiving angry calls and “quite nasty” emails from Americans who disagree with the nomination because they say the movement has been violent. But Eide emphasizes that based on studies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/05/nearly-all-black-lives-matter-protests-are-peaceful-despite-trump-narrative-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 93% of demonstrations have involved no serious harm to people or property\u003c/a>, according to a report tracking political violence in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eide, who previously worked for Amnesty International before becoming a Norwegian MP, sees BLM as a human rights issue. “We in Amnesty, in the human rights movement, we are very concerned about basic human rights,” Eide said. He says he sees BLM as having a direct connection to bringing and maintaining peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eide says BLM has been able to take the conversation on justice to the next level. “I believe that they have been able to raise a new consciousness and awareness on racial injustice,” he said. “They have spread that message throughout the world like no one else has been able to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Blklivesmatter/status/1355311382313447424\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Committee twice awarded the prize to the anti-apartheid movement as well as Martin Luther King Jr., showing a commitment to social movements, Eide noted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a tradition in the Nobel Peace Committee to see the linkage between racism and a campaign for racial justice,” he said, and to see “justice as a prerequisite for peace.” For Eide, the nomination of BLM carries forward a legacy from the civil rights movement in the U.S., as well as the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about a previous nomination of former President Donald Trump for a Nobel Peace Prize, Eide said, “This nomination on Black Lives Matter is not a comment to domestic American politics.” Other Nobel Peace Prize nominations include the \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-prize-peace/navalny-who-and-thunberg-among-nominees-for-nobel-peace-prize-idUSKBN2A007W\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization and Greta Thunberg\u003c/a>. The Norwegian Nobel Committee keeps nominations secret for 50 years, though nominators themselves can reveal who they have chosen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Alicia Garza for comment on the nomination but did not hear a response before publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/bbcrb/status/1269644536281776128\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For local activists and advocates the nomination is a welcome acknowledgment — yet further emphasizes the need for action.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Petter Eide, Norwegian MP\"]‘I recognize Black Lives Matter as a very important global movement, and I think that what they are working for is extremely important in many countries.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope it gets clear recognition that this has been the work of mainly Black women and Black queer women who have lifted up so many movements,” said Nathan Mizell, a third-year student at UC Berkeley and a member of Berkeley’s Police Review Commission. He sees the nomination as a positive development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mizell would like the nomination to inspire “action, action, action” to support Black lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the award, Mizell said it’s “important to evaluate the underlying conditions” that precipitated it. “Why in the first place, do we needed a whole movement to just awaken the world to the realities of what Black people face?” Mizell asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nominations, which must be submitted by Feb. 1, the committee creates a short list and does an assessment alongside Norwegian or international experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">received the award in the name of the civil rights movement.\u003c/a> Most recently, in 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2020/press-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The World Food Programme\u003c/a> “for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Peace Prize winner will be announced in October. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prize recipients are awarded roughly $1 million.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Lives Matter, the hashtag-turned-movement-turned-\u003ca href=\"https://blacklivesmatter.com/#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global network\u003c/a> was co-founded by\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101877837/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-on-protests-police-violence-and-election-2020\"> Bay Area native Alicia Garza\u003c/a> in collaboration with Patrisse Cullors and Opal Tometi. Since its founding following the killing of Trayvon Martin in 2012, the movement has inspired groups and protests worldwide, most recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11823403/george-floyd-anti-racism-and-protests-against-police-violence-echo-globally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the wake of George Floyd’s killing\u003c/a> by Minneapolis police. The summer of 2020 saw Black Lives Matter demonstrations in Hong Kong, Dakar, Berlin and other cities around the world. In some places, like Bristol, England, protesters toppled racist statues as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the announcement and an article in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/29/black-lives-matter-nobel-peace-prize-petter-eide-norweigan-mp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Guardian\u003c/a>, Eide says he’s been receiving angry calls and “quite nasty” emails from Americans who disagree with the nomination because they say the movement has been violent. But Eide emphasizes that based on studies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/05/nearly-all-black-lives-matter-protests-are-peaceful-despite-trump-narrative-report-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 93% of demonstrations have involved no serious harm to people or property\u003c/a>, according to a report tracking political violence in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eide, who previously worked for Amnesty International before becoming a Norwegian MP, sees BLM as a human rights issue. “We in Amnesty, in the human rights movement, we are very concerned about basic human rights,” Eide said. He says he sees BLM as having a direct connection to bringing and maintaining peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eide says BLM has been able to take the conversation on justice to the next level. “I believe that they have been able to raise a new consciousness and awareness on racial injustice,” he said. “They have spread that message throughout the world like no one else has been able to.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Committee twice awarded the prize to the anti-apartheid movement as well as Martin Luther King Jr., showing a commitment to social movements, Eide noted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a tradition in the Nobel Peace Committee to see the linkage between racism and a campaign for racial justice,” he said, and to see “justice as a prerequisite for peace.” For Eide, the nomination of BLM carries forward a legacy from the civil rights movement in the U.S., as well as the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about a previous nomination of former President Donald Trump for a Nobel Peace Prize, Eide said, “This nomination on Black Lives Matter is not a comment to domestic American politics.” Other Nobel Peace Prize nominations include the \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-prize-peace/navalny-who-and-thunberg-among-nominees-for-nobel-peace-prize-idUSKBN2A007W\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization and Greta Thunberg\u003c/a>. The Norwegian Nobel Committee keeps nominations secret for 50 years, though nominators themselves can reveal who they have chosen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Alicia Garza for comment on the nomination but did not hear a response before publication.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope it gets clear recognition that this has been the work of mainly Black women and Black queer women who have lifted up so many movements,” said Nathan Mizell, a third-year student at UC Berkeley and a member of Berkeley’s Police Review Commission. He sees the nomination as a positive development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mizell would like the nomination to inspire “action, action, action” to support Black lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the award, Mizell said it’s “important to evaluate the underlying conditions” that precipitated it. “Why in the first place, do we needed a whole movement to just awaken the world to the realities of what Black people face?” Mizell asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nominations, which must be submitted by Feb. 1, the committee creates a short list and does an assessment alongside Norwegian or international experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1964/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">received the award in the name of the civil rights movement.\u003c/a> Most recently, in 2020, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2020/press-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The World Food Programme\u003c/a> “for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Peace Prize winner will be announced in October. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/about/the-nobel-prize-amounts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prize recipients are awarded roughly $1 million.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Clara Jean Ester was a college student at Memphis State College in Tennessee when she bore witness to a series of pivotal moments in civil rights history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a junior, Ester joined the Memphis Sanitation Strike in 1968, alongside African American sanitation workers who were calling to demand better working conditions and higher wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was there at around that same time that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave his final speech. She was also there the next day when Dr. King was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At StoryCorps in Mobile, Alabama, earlier this month, Ester, now 72, remembers the last days of Dr. King’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the night of April 3, Ester remembered packing into a crowded congregation at Bishop Charles Mason Temple in Memphis, where King delivered a sermon in support of the striking sanitation workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11855825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A young Clara Jean Ester graduated from Memphis State College, now known as the University of Memphis. Now, Ester is a retired organizer and Methodist deaconess in Mobile, Ala.\" width=\"300\" height=\"460\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11855825\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85.jpg 300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/esternpr2_custom-b082b074e01f162cd85edc763e53166c7b430898-s300-c85-160x245.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young Clara Jean Ester graduated from Memphis State College, now known as the University of Memphis. Now, Ester is a retired organizer and Methodist deaconess in Mobile, Ala. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Clara Jean Ester)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Finally Dr. King arrives, and he said, ‘When I entered into the city of Memphis, I was told about all of these threats. But none of that matters anymore ’cause I’ve been to the mountaintop,’ ” Ester said, paraphrasing \u003ca href=\"https://www.afscme.org/about/history/mlk/mountaintop\">his famous speech\u003c/a>. “He proceeds in saying, ‘If I don’t get there with you, I want you to know that we as a people will get to the Promised Land.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Clara Jean Ester \"]‘You think that’s gonna destroy his dream? Y’all are wrong. I think children years and years to come will continue to have his dream.’[/pullquote]The stormy weather added to an ominous scene, recalled Ester, who saw his final words as a prophecy of his own death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the background of that speech you could hear the thunder and the lightning crashing,” she said. “It was a powerful moment because he did his own eulogy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, Ester and a number of King supporters, gathered at the Lorraine Motel, where the civil rights leader was staying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walking across the parking lot, I’m looking up at Dr. King leaning on the balcony, chatting with everybody down below,” said Ester. “All of a sudden what sounded like a truck backfiring goes off and I can hear people saying, ‘Get down, get down!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she didn’t take her eyes off of King, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking, still, at Dr. King being thrown back and I take off and I run up the steps. And when I get up to where he’s laying, I notice this pool of blood around his head,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101881651,news_11855799,arts_13891262\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]In that moment, kneeling over his body, Ester said King’s fateful words from the night before were echoing in her head: \u003cem>I may not get there with you. I may not get there with you.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After news of King’s assassination, she said hate “took over.” It stemmed, she said, from “white America [who] don’t want to see us with freedom, so you take out our leader, our king.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I want to believe that Dr. King’s life changed everything — I’ve witnessed George Floyds and so many others that have lost their lives,” Ester said, referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/862960939/george-floyd\">man fatally killed by Minneapolis police\u003c/a> last May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in contemplating what King’s legacy has meant after decades of violence against Black people, Clara said, “You think that’s gonna destroy his dream? Y’all are wrong. I think children years and years to come will continue to have his dream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio produced for Morning Edition by Abe Selby. 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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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