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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The western edge of San Francisco’s sprawling Golden Gate Park might seem like an odd place to find two traditional Dutch-style windmills. It is, after all, some 5,000 miles away from Holland. So thought Bay Curious listener Kai Widera, 12, who lives in Larkspur. Kai was riding bikes with his dad near Ocean Beach when he spotted the towering structures and wondered — are those just for decoration, or do they have a purpose? He brought his question to Bay Curious, and producer Suzie Racho looked into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Untapped potential\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The origins of the windmills begin back in the late 1800s, when the west end of the park was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915008/golden-gate-park-was-once-miles-and-miles-of-sand-dunes\">made up of mostly sand dunes\u003c/a>. Transforming the dunes into a lush green park would require lots of water to irrigate plants and keep the sandy topsoil from being blown away. At the time, there was only one water company in town: the Spring Valley Water Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Golden Gate Park was first constructed, the city supposedly struck a deal with Spring Valley Water to provide what the park needed for free. But the water company was notorious for overcharging their customers, and decided they didn’t like that deal. They threatened to turn the water off if the city didn’t pay, and they followed through on that threat several times in the 1880s. San Francisco was forking over $1,000 a month for water. A thousand dollars in 1890 would be over $31,000 today — an outrageous sum given the quantity of water needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials needed an alternative, and they found one right under their feet. They discovered aquifers beneath certain sections of the park, if they could only get to them. A windmill was proposed, like the ones in Holland. Ocean winds would turn the large sails, and pump all the water they needed out of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Building the windmills\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Construction on the first windmill began on May 23, 1902, and was finished a year later. Park officials called it the “Dutch” windmill, because it was modeled after the ones in the Netherlands. The San Francisco Chronicle described the windmill as not only “useful, but beautiful.” And it featured cutting-edge technology for the time: a rotating headcap, which allowed the blades of the windmill to be rotated depending on wind direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915323\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915323\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographic prints of the original Dutch windmill in Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Dutch windmill paid for itself in just a year and a half. According to an article in The San Francisco Call, by June 1903 the windmill was pumping “15,000 to 20,000 gallons of water an hour, every hour of the day.” The water was banked in a reservoir that could hold 200,000 gallons, and soon the park had more than it needed. Park officials were able to sell the surplus water to developing neighborhoods near the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspired by the Dutch windmill’s success, the president of the First National Bank, S.G. Murphy, donated $20,000 in 1905 to have another one constructed. As a thank-you for his funding, the second windmill was named after him. The Murphy windmill was completed in 1908, and was even larger than the first. It could pump almost four times as much water out of the ground as the original Dutch windmill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed like the heyday of the windmills was just beginning … but five years after the Murphy was built, both of the windmills would stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915361\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11915361\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Murphy windmill (left) and Dutch windmill (right) after falling into disrepair and being damaged by the elements. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>In a state of disrepair\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By 1913, electric water pumps eliminated the need for the windmills, and maintenance on these once functional giants stopped. Blowing sand and salty ocean air began to damage them, and by the 1950s they were in a sad state of disrepair. Park officials asked the city for funds to either repair or demolish the structures, and were denied. They were left to sit and rot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took decades, but preservation groups raised money to restore each of the windmills. The Dutch was cosmetically restored in 1981. The Murphy had a more extensive renovation, which was completed in 2011. Today they’re back to being picturesque monuments. If you’re lucky, you might see them on a day they’re turning for a special event like Bay to Breakers or Outside Lands, or when engineers are doing maintenance. When they are spinning, there’s often a crowd. Even a hundred years after they were built, the Dutch and Murphy windmills are still objects of beauty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The western edge of San Francisco’s sprawling Golden Gate Park might seem like an odd place to find two traditional Dutch-style windmills. It is, after all, some 5,000 miles away from Holland. So thought Bay Curious listener Kai Widera, 12, who lives in Larkspur. Kai was riding bikes with his dad near Ocean Beach when he spotted the towering structures and wondered — are those just for decoration, or do they have a purpose? He brought his question to Bay Curious, and producer Suzie Racho looked into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Untapped potential\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The origins of the windmills begin back in the late 1800s, when the west end of the park was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915008/golden-gate-park-was-once-miles-and-miles-of-sand-dunes\">made up of mostly sand dunes\u003c/a>. Transforming the dunes into a lush green park would require lots of water to irrigate plants and keep the sandy topsoil from being blown away. At the time, there was only one water company in town: the Spring Valley Water Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Golden Gate Park was first constructed, the city supposedly struck a deal with Spring Valley Water to provide what the park needed for free. But the water company was notorious for overcharging their customers, and decided they didn’t like that deal. They threatened to turn the water off if the city didn’t pay, and they followed through on that threat several times in the 1880s. San Francisco was forking over $1,000 a month for water. A thousand dollars in 1890 would be over $31,000 today — an outrageous sum given the quantity of water needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials needed an alternative, and they found one right under their feet. They discovered aquifers beneath certain sections of the park, if they could only get to them. A windmill was proposed, like the ones in Holland. Ocean winds would turn the large sails, and pump all the water they needed out of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Building the windmills\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Construction on the first windmill began on May 23, 1902, and was finished a year later. Park officials called it the “Dutch” windmill, because it was modeled after the ones in the Netherlands. The San Francisco Chronicle described the windmill as not only “useful, but beautiful.” And it featured cutting-edge technology for the time: a rotating headcap, which allowed the blades of the windmill to be rotated depending on wind direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915323\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915323\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Medium-sized-JPEG-3-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographic prints of the original Dutch windmill in Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Dutch windmill paid for itself in just a year and a half. According to an article in The San Francisco Call, by June 1903 the windmill was pumping “15,000 to 20,000 gallons of water an hour, every hour of the day.” The water was banked in a reservoir that could hold 200,000 gallons, and soon the park had more than it needed. Park officials were able to sell the surplus water to developing neighborhoods near the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspired by the Dutch windmill’s success, the president of the First National Bank, S.G. Murphy, donated $20,000 in 1905 to have another one constructed. As a thank-you for his funding, the second windmill was named after him. The Murphy windmill was completed in 1908, and was even larger than the first. It could pump almost four times as much water out of the ground as the original Dutch windmill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed like the heyday of the windmills was just beginning … but five years after the Murphy was built, both of the windmills would stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915361\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11915361\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Windmills-in-Disrepair.jpg 1170w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Murphy windmill (left) and Dutch windmill (right) after falling into disrepair and being damaged by the elements. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>In a state of disrepair\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>By 1913, electric water pumps eliminated the need for the windmills, and maintenance on these once functional giants stopped. Blowing sand and salty ocean air began to damage them, and by the 1950s they were in a sad state of disrepair. Park officials asked the city for funds to either repair or demolish the structures, and were denied. They were left to sit and rot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took decades, but preservation groups raised money to restore each of the windmills. The Dutch was cosmetically restored in 1981. The Murphy had a more extensive renovation, which was completed in 2011. Today they’re back to being picturesque monuments. If you’re lucky, you might see them on a day they’re turning for a special event like Bay to Breakers or Outside Lands, or when engineers are doing maintenance. When they are spinning, there’s often a crowd. Even a hundred years after they were built, the Dutch and Murphy windmills are still objects of beauty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "whats-with-the-bison-in-golden-gate-park",
"title": "What's With the Bison in Golden Gate Park?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: In our humble opinion, with so many treasures across almost 1,000 acres, it’s arguably one of the best urban parks in the world. There’s a \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatepark.com/windmills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pair of windmills\u003c/a> that look like they belong in the Dutch countryside, and through an elaborate gate you’ll find the \u003ca href=\"http://japaneseteagardensf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oldest public Japanese teagarden\u003c/a> in the United States. But perhaps the wildest treasure in the park is the herd of American bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March 2020, for the park’s 150th anniversary, a birthday gift of five new bison calves were added to the herd.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7hbu_pGErw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing the bison in the park is unexpected, says Bay Curious listener Paul Irving. After all, bison aren’t native to San Francisco, and they certainly stand out in today’s urban setting. After years of cycling past the paddock, Irving asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind the bison in Golden Gate Park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11495865 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1500s, an estimated 30 million to 60 million bison roamed American prairies. They grazed all over the West, from northern Mexico up through Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As European colonizers moved into the West, the bison’s habitat was chopped up by railroads, or turned into farms. Imported cattle brought grazing competition and new diseases to the bison. But the greatest threat to bison was hunting. Bison meat was exported or eaten on the spot, skins were sent to commercial tanneries, and bones were ground up to make things like fertilizer and bone china.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495700\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg\" alt='\"Map of Bison Distribution Over Time.\" Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. ' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-160x138.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-960x826.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-240x206.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-375x323.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-520x447.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Map of Bison Distribution Over Time,’ Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Newberry Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>William F. Cody, aka Buffalo Bill, allegedly killed 4,280 bison over 17 months to feed construction crews of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bison also were killed for sport. Competitions were held to see who could kill the most bison (Buffalo Bill got his nickname at one of these competitions). Tourists on trains would shoot the animals from their seats, leaving the carcasses where they fell. In 1973, a railway engineer in Santa Fe said it was possible to walk 100 miles along the railroad by stepping from one bison carcass to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11495712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg\" alt=\"A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway.\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg 614w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government clashed with Native Americans over land, the army encouraged the rampant slaughter of bison, which were an important native resource. One colonel even said to hunters, “Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1889, the estimated number of bison had dwindled to about 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495709\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of bison skulls that would be ground up for fertilizer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piles of bison skulls to be turned into fertilizer. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The bison come to Golden Gate Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was around this time that work began on Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Bison facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A male bison tips the scale at 2,000 pounds, and females can weigh around 1,000 pounds.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In 2016 President Obama named the American bison the United State’s official mammal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bison can use their heads as snowplows, allowing them to discover food beneath feet of snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When bison were close to extinction, concerns about inbreeding led to many being bred with cows, which explains why most of the bison we see today look a little like cows.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Though their names are often used interchangeably, bison and buffalo are different animals. Buffalo are a species native to Africa and Asia, while bison are specific to North America and parts of Europe.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When Golden Gate Park was created, the idea was to honor the Wild West,” says Phil Ginsburg, general manager of San Francisco Recreation and Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate the Wild West, the park needed bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first bison was brought to the park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bison and several other animals were actually first put in a paddock, which is very close to where Kezar Stadium is today,” Ginsburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo had a captive-breeding program that produced more than 100 bison calves, though the program has since ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, conservation efforts (and, ironically, an increased interest in bison meat) have brought the North American bison population back into the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944.\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-160x76.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1180x558.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-960x454.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-240x113.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-375x177.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-520x246.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Today’s herd\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bison currently living in the pen in Golden Gate Park are not descended from the original animals brought to the park. The bison were replaced by a younger herd in 1984 and again in 2011. At the beginning of March 2020, the five new bison calves were added to the surviving 2011 herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all the bison in the paddock are female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11497000\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11497000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The bison at Golden Gate Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bison at Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having all females just keeps everything a little bit more calm,” says Ginsburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there were bulls, the bison could get aggressive. One tried to maul a police officer on horseback, and another tried to escape by running into the Sunset District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Males become very aggressive around August because they’re fighting for dominance in order to breed with the females,” says Sarah King of the San Francisco Zoo, which takes care of the animals. “Then calves are generally born in the spring, nine months later, and that’s when the females get aggressive because they’re very protective of their offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they may appear to be slow, bison are powerful creatures. They can run over 30 mph, jump up to 6 feet in the air, and swim over half a mile, says King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the paddock is calm. On any given day, you can see the bison either grazing or resting. Most of the excitement in the paddock is human-generated. For example: The streaker who was arrested for running into the paddock during Bay to Breakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this article was first published on June 8, 2017. In the last few years some bison referenced in the original story have passed away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Just Don't Call Them Buffalo: Meet the Bison of Golden Gate Park | KQED News",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: In our humble opinion, with so many treasures across almost 1,000 acres, it’s arguably one of the best urban parks in the world. There’s a \u003ca href=\"https://goldengatepark.com/windmills.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pair of windmills\u003c/a> that look like they belong in the Dutch countryside, and through an elaborate gate you’ll find the \u003ca href=\"http://japaneseteagardensf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oldest public Japanese teagarden\u003c/a> in the United States. But perhaps the wildest treasure in the park is the herd of American bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March 2020, for the park’s 150th anniversary, a birthday gift of five new bison calves were added to the herd.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/h7hbu_pGErw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/h7hbu_pGErw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Seeing the bison in the park is unexpected, says Bay Curious listener Paul Irving. After all, bison aren’t native to San Francisco, and they certainly stand out in today’s urban setting. After years of cycling past the paddock, Irving asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind the bison in Golden Gate Park?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495865\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11495865 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Question-Asker.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Irving in front of the bison paddock. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back hundreds of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1500s, an estimated 30 million to 60 million bison roamed American prairies. They grazed all over the West, from northern Mexico up through Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As European colonizers moved into the West, the bison’s habitat was chopped up by railroads, or turned into farms. Imported cattle brought grazing competition and new diseases to the bison. But the greatest threat to bison was hunting. Bison meat was exported or eaten on the spot, skins were sent to commercial tanneries, and bones were ground up to make things like fertilizer and bone china.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495700\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg\" alt='\"Map of Bison Distribution Over Time.\" Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. ' width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-800x688.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-160x138.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-960x826.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-240x206.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-375x323.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map-520x447.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-map.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Map of Bison Distribution Over Time,’ Kentucky Geological Survey, 1876. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Newberry Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>William F. Cody, aka Buffalo Bill, allegedly killed 4,280 bison over 17 months to feed construction crews of the Kansas Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bison also were killed for sport. Competitions were held to see who could kill the most bison (Buffalo Bill got his nickname at one of these competitions). Tourists on trains would shoot the animals from their seats, leaving the carcasses where they fell. In 1973, a railway engineer in Santa Fe said it was possible to walk 100 miles along the railroad by stepping from one bison carcass to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11495712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg\" alt=\"A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway.\" width=\"614\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway.jpg 614w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/A-collection-of-bison-heads-killed-from-the-Kansas-Pacific-Railway-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A collection of bison heads killed from the Kansas Pacific Railway. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government clashed with Native Americans over land, the army encouraged the rampant slaughter of bison, which were an important native resource. One colonel even said to hunters, “Kill every buffalo you can! Every buffalo dead is an Indian gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1889, the estimated number of bison had dwindled to about 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495709\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495709\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of bison skulls that would be ground up for fertilizer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/bison-fertilizer.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piles of bison skulls to be turned into fertilizer. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The bison come to Golden Gate Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It was around this time that work began on Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Bison facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A male bison tips the scale at 2,000 pounds, and females can weigh around 1,000 pounds.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In 2016 President Obama named the American bison the United State’s official mammal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bison can use their heads as snowplows, allowing them to discover food beneath feet of snow.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When bison were close to extinction, concerns about inbreeding led to many being bred with cows, which explains why most of the bison we see today look a little like cows.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Though their names are often used interchangeably, bison and buffalo are different animals. Buffalo are a species native to Africa and Asia, while bison are specific to North America and parts of Europe.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When Golden Gate Park was created, the idea was to honor the Wild West,” says Phil Ginsburg, general manager of San Francisco Recreation and Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate the Wild West, the park needed bison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first bison was brought to the park in 1891. It was soon joined by more bison from private and public herds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bison and several other animals were actually first put in a paddock, which is very close to where Kezar Stadium is today,” Ginsburg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo had a captive-breeding program that produced more than 100 bison calves, though the program has since ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the decades, conservation efforts (and, ironically, an increased interest in bison meat) have brought the North American bison population back into the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11495873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11495873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg\" alt=\"Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944.\" width=\"800\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-800x378.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-160x76.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1020x482.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-1180x558.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-960x454.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-240x113.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-375x177.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock-520x246.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/High-Res-Mixed-paddock.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bison and white deer grazing in Golden Gate Park in 1944. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Today’s herd\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bison currently living in the pen in Golden Gate Park are not descended from the original animals brought to the park. The bison were replaced by a younger herd in 1984 and again in 2011. At the beginning of March 2020, the five new bison calves were added to the surviving 2011 herd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, all the bison in the paddock are female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11497000\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11497000\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The bison at Golden Gate Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Bison_2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bison at Golden Gate Park. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Having all females just keeps everything a little bit more calm,” says Ginsburg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there were bulls, the bison could get aggressive. One tried to maul a police officer on horseback, and another tried to escape by running into the Sunset District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Males become very aggressive around August because they’re fighting for dominance in order to breed with the females,” says Sarah King of the San Francisco Zoo, which takes care of the animals. “Then calves are generally born in the spring, nine months later, and that’s when the females get aggressive because they’re very protective of their offspring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though they may appear to be slow, bison are powerful creatures. They can run over 30 mph, jump up to 6 feet in the air, and swim over half a mile, says King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the paddock is calm. On any given day, you can see the bison either grazing or resting. Most of the excitement in the paddock is human-generated. For example: The streaker who was arrested for running into the paddock during Bay to Breakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this article was first published on June 8, 2017. In the last few years some bison referenced in the original story have passed away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Golden Gate Park Was Once Miles and Miles of Sand Dunes",
"headTitle": "Golden Gate Park Was Once Miles and Miles of Sand Dunes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A map of San Francisco from 1853 labels the west side of the city the “Great Sand Bank” because at the time it was largely rolling dunes. A few intrepid folks lived there, but for many early San Franciscans, the area that is now Golden Gate Park was far away and inhospitable, a “dreary desert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors to the park today will find more than a thousand acres of green parkland, replete with walking paths, dells, lakes and almost every kind of recreational activity one can imagine. So how did the area go from acres of desolate sandy dunes to the beautiful, urban park it is today? One myth says it was a magical combination of horse manure and spit that tamed the sandy expanse.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Wild West(ern side)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The land where Golden Gate Park sits today wasn’t even part of San Francisco in the early 1860s. But city leaders saw potential. They thought the area then known as “Outside Lands” was a perfect place for an urban park that would help put San Francisco on the map as a great metropolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco has always thought of itself as a great, amazing city,” said Nicole Meldahl, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.outsidelands.org/\">Western Neighborhoods Project\u003c/a>, a community history nonprofit focused on the west side of San Francisco. “But really, it was the new kid in town. So at some point they decided they needed a park that was befitting of the amazing city they hoped to build this into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land was federal property back then. It took a protracted legal battle and the passage of the Outside Lands Act of 1866 to officially extend San Francisco’s borders out past Divisadero Street, all the way to the Pacific Ocean. But even once the city had the land, there were still park naysayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City leaders asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/frederick-law-olmsted-sr\">Frederick Law Olmsted, the famous landscape architect known for his work on Central Park\u003c/a> in New York City, to weigh in on their idea to put a park in the Outside Lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And [Olmsted] was like, ‘Oh, no, no, you can never build a park here,'” Meldahl said. “‘Trees won’t grow on these sand dunes. So I recommend the other side of the city.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city leaders were stubborn, though, and put out a bid for surveyors who could design a park in the Outside Lands despite its seemingly inhospitable environs. The winner was a man named William Hammond Hall, the park’s first superintendent and chief architect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A142708?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=24d08e44aa79fb342fd7&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall.png\" alt=\"Old-timey black and white photo of a man with white hair, big white mustache and old fashioned looking suit.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-800x310.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-1020x396.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-160x62.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-1536x596.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Hammond Hall. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“William Hammond Hall had all the confidence in the world that he could do it,” said Christopher Pollock, Golden Gate Park historian and author of the book “\u003ca href=\"https://norfolkpress.com/san-franciscos-golden-gate-park-a-thousand-and-seventeen-acres-of-stories-christopher-pollock/\">San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: A Thousand and Seventeen Acres of Stories\u003c/a>.” “And he did. That was just an amazing feat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land for Golden Gate Park was approved in 1870, which is why we celebrate that year as the park’s official birthday. But really, that’s when the hard work began, turning the park into the green place it is now. As to how Hall transformed sand dunes into verdant park, there is some folklore around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hall vs. sand and wind\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most common story is a bit more involved than merely manure and spit. It goes like this: Hall and his team of surveyors were out in the western part of what would come to be the park, and because there were few roads out there, they were camping. A feed bucket filled with barley was attached to each horse. One of the buckets fell off, and the barley scattered in the sand. Conveniently the horse then dropped a load of manure right on top of the grain kernels now lost in the sand. In a few days, the men returned to that spot and found the quick-growing barley had sprouted and was thriving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And William Hammond Hall goes, ‘Aha, this is going to be the secret recipe for how we tame these dunes,’” says Meldahl, “because if you combine the quick-growing barley with native lupine here, that will sort of stabilize the dunes long enough to allow for these trees that he wanted to put through the park as windbreaks to grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP.png\" alt=\"Black and white photo shows rolling sandy hills with grasses and low shrubs. A road winds off into the distance.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-800x282.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-1020x360.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-160x56.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-1536x542.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden Gate Park, circa 1886. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco Public Library/Society of California Pioneers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meldahl thinks some of the elements of this story are true, but the fact that they all happened at once in the same spot is a little hard to believe. \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Golden_Gate_Park_History\">This tale also leaves out some important context.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, historians now think the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfhistory.org/a-journey-of-discovery-the-fleishhacker-family/\">Fleishhacker family\u003c/a> — famous for their philanthropic giving in the early days of the city — owned a farm at the eastern end of what is now the park. On that farm they grew barley. So, Hall likely knew that barley could grow in some areas of the park already. Second, landscape architects in Europe were already pioneering a technique of using quick-growing grasses to “reclaim” sandy areas of the coast. Hall would have heard about those successes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the manure, that brings us to some old-timey street sweeping. In the 1800s, transportation was mostly by horse and buggy. The roads were full of horse manure, so street sweepers would come along, sweep up the droppings, and bring them to the city’s parks to use as fertilizer. So, yes, Golden Gate Park probably did have a healthy amount of horse manure to help the reclamation process along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A118075?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=63e8c3e3e9425557fb4b&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=10\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915019\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP.png\" alt=\"A photochrome print of the main drive of Golden Gate Park with people in 1800 clothes picnicking in the foreground and horse and buggy in the backround.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-800x282.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-1020x360.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-160x56.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-1536x542.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Hammond Hall envisioned a park that all San Franciscans could enjoy. The manure from the city’s many horses helped fertilize the soil. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The genius of place\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The other technique Hall used in his design of the park is an idea put forward by Frederick Law Olmsted (the two were friends). Olmsted believed that architects should respect the natural topography of a place and work with it. He coined the term “the genius of place” to describe the idea that you would work with what nature created instead of leveling everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that meant was a very efficient way of using the sand dunes as the existing topography to create this undulating kind of interesting landscape,” Pollock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall used the dunes themselves as a break against the strong winds coming off the Pacific Ocean. He reclaimed the leeward side first, and stabilized the ground at the bottom of the natural valleys. As plant matter created topsoil that could support stronger plants, Hall gradually extended plantings around to the other side. The “genius of place” explains the many hidden dells and winding paths you’ll still find in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall’s most formidable challenge was at the far western end of the park, near the ocean. He built a fence where sand would pile up. Then he used his tried-and-true reclamation strategies of marrying quick-growing grasses with natural lupine and overlaying the whole thing with manure to build up the plant matter on the protected side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 1890, only 20 years after the park’s inception at the eastern end, it looked fairly mature,” Pollock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 678px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/birdseye-GG-park.jpg\" alt=\"Old drawing of an aerial view of Golden Gate Park from the east end looking west. Some roads exist and the contours of the land are visible. There are almost no houses in the neighborhoods surrounding the park.\" width=\"678\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/birdseye-GG-park.jpg 678w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/birdseye-GG-park-160x136.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Golden Gate Park, circa 1892. Perspective is from the east end looking west and includes seven notable spots in the park. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/\">Online Archive of California\u003c/a>\u003ca>\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Hall makes enemies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sadly, Hall’s contributions as the first designer and superintendent of Golden Gate Park are often forgotten. That may be because he didn’t get along with some of the political power players of his day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a lot of graft in the city at the time,” Meldahl said. “And William Hammond Hall didn’t like it, so he tried to control what he could with his power as superintendent of the park.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he discovered that a blacksmith by the name of Sullivan was padding his contracts with the city, Hall fired him. Unfortunately for him and the park, Sullivan rose to prominence as a state legislator and took his revenge by throttling funding for Golden Gate Park. At the same time, he accused Hall of misusing park resources.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]“The allegations were completely false,” Meldahl said. “However, William Hammond Hall had had enough. In 1876, he resigned and the entire park commission resigned because they’re so disgusted by what they’re seeing as politics getting in the way of a beautiful city park that the city wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Hall and his supporters gone, the park commission became a political pawn. Several railroad men were appointed and, soon after, a plan to build a railroad out to the park was approved. Conveniently, the railroad companies paid a much lower tax rate than usual for the privilege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also tension over how to develop the park. Hall envisioned a wild, open space for people to escape city living. But others thought the park could be a place to showcase the cultural and social power of the city. Some of the buildings considered iconic today, like the Conservatory of Flowers, were built during this time. Without proper funding, the park struggled until the commission promoted a man named John McLaren to the superintendency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A142749?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=c4de9a849febd3cafe75&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915020\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren.png\" alt=\"Sepia toned photo of a tall man in a black suit with large eyebrows. He stands surrounded by palm trees with more greenery behind him.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-800x282.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-1020x360.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-160x56.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-1536x542.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John McLaren, circa 1927. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think he’s one of the most universally beloved city employees of all time,” Meldahl said. “They built him a giant house. McLaren Lodge was built in 1896 specifically for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaren was hired in 1890 and stewarded the park for the next 50 years. He oversaw the development of much of what is in the park today. He shared Hall’s vision, believing the space should be kept as undeveloped as possible. And he managed to stay the course without making so many enemies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example: “[McLaren] hated statues in the park, hated them,” Mehdahl said. But rich people and cultural groups were constantly giving the city statues as gifts. Leaders didn’t know what to do with them so they’d just put them in the park. There would be a lot of fanfare around choosing the perfect location for a statue and placing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then John McLaren would very quietly plant things around the monuments that would grow up over time and totally obscure them so you couldn’t see them,” Mehdahl said. Some of the oldest statues in the park are around the Music Concourse, near the de Young Museum and the Academy of Sciences. But you wouldn’t know it because they’re almost completely obscured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given his hatred of statues, it’s a cruel irony that despite his wishes to the contrary, the city put a statue of McLaren in the rhododendron dell after his death in 1943. It’s still there, but fittingly his feet are firmly on the ground with the plants, not up on a big pedestal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A park for everyone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Visit Golden Gate Park today and you’ll see William Hammond Hall’s dream in action. He wrote in an 1872 report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>With drives and rides for the rich, and pleasant rambles for the poor; quiet retreats for those who would be to themselves, and thronged [promenades] for the gayly disposed; sheltered nooks for invalids, and open grounds for lovers of boisterous sports; and tracts adapted to the special wants of children, and arranged to insure their comfort and welfare — the modern urban park is, indeed, the municipality’s open-air assembly-room, acceptable alike to all, and pleasing to each of her citizens.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>More than a million people visit Golden Gate Park each year, and it is beloved by many. The park continues to evolve with the needs of San Francisco’s residents, but none of it would have been possible without the knowledge, skill and perseverance of William Hammond Hall and John McLaren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "San Francisco started developing Golden Gate Park in 1870. It was a herculean task to tame the sand dunes and turn it into the green oasis city residents today know and love.",
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"description": "San Francisco started developing Golden Gate Park in 1870. It was a herculean task to tame the sand dunes and turn it into the green oasis city residents today know and love.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of the Bay Curious series “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11915065/take-a-very-curious-golden-gate-park-walking-tour\">A Very Curious Walking Tour of Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A map of San Francisco from 1853 labels the west side of the city the “Great Sand Bank” because at the time it was largely rolling dunes. A few intrepid folks lived there, but for many early San Franciscans, the area that is now Golden Gate Park was far away and inhospitable, a “dreary desert.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors to the park today will find more than a thousand acres of green parkland, replete with walking paths, dells, lakes and almost every kind of recreational activity one can imagine. So how did the area go from acres of desolate sandy dunes to the beautiful, urban park it is today? One myth says it was a magical combination of horse manure and spit that tamed the sandy expanse.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Wild West(ern side)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The land where Golden Gate Park sits today wasn’t even part of San Francisco in the early 1860s. But city leaders saw potential. They thought the area then known as “Outside Lands” was a perfect place for an urban park that would help put San Francisco on the map as a great metropolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco has always thought of itself as a great, amazing city,” said Nicole Meldahl, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.outsidelands.org/\">Western Neighborhoods Project\u003c/a>, a community history nonprofit focused on the west side of San Francisco. “But really, it was the new kid in town. So at some point they decided they needed a park that was befitting of the amazing city they hoped to build this into.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land was federal property back then. It took a protracted legal battle and the passage of the Outside Lands Act of 1866 to officially extend San Francisco’s borders out past Divisadero Street, all the way to the Pacific Ocean. But even once the city had the land, there were still park naysayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City leaders asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/frederick-law-olmsted-sr\">Frederick Law Olmsted, the famous landscape architect known for his work on Central Park\u003c/a> in New York City, to weigh in on their idea to put a park in the Outside Lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And [Olmsted] was like, ‘Oh, no, no, you can never build a park here,'” Meldahl said. “‘Trees won’t grow on these sand dunes. So I recommend the other side of the city.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city leaders were stubborn, though, and put out a bid for surveyors who could design a park in the Outside Lands despite its seemingly inhospitable environs. The winner was a man named William Hammond Hall, the park’s first superintendent and chief architect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A142708?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=24d08e44aa79fb342fd7&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall.png\" alt=\"Old-timey black and white photo of a man with white hair, big white mustache and old fashioned looking suit.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-800x310.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-1020x396.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-160x62.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/william-hammond-hall-1536x596.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Hammond Hall. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“William Hammond Hall had all the confidence in the world that he could do it,” said Christopher Pollock, Golden Gate Park historian and author of the book “\u003ca href=\"https://norfolkpress.com/san-franciscos-golden-gate-park-a-thousand-and-seventeen-acres-of-stories-christopher-pollock/\">San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park: A Thousand and Seventeen Acres of Stories\u003c/a>.” “And he did. That was just an amazing feat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land for Golden Gate Park was approved in 1870, which is why we celebrate that year as the park’s official birthday. But really, that’s when the hard work began, turning the park into the green place it is now. As to how Hall transformed sand dunes into verdant park, there is some folklore around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hall vs. sand and wind\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most common story is a bit more involved than merely manure and spit. It goes like this: Hall and his team of surveyors were out in the western part of what would come to be the park, and because there were few roads out there, they were camping. A feed bucket filled with barley was attached to each horse. One of the buckets fell off, and the barley scattered in the sand. Conveniently the horse then dropped a load of manure right on top of the grain kernels now lost in the sand. In a few days, the men returned to that spot and found the quick-growing barley had sprouted and was thriving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And William Hammond Hall goes, ‘Aha, this is going to be the secret recipe for how we tame these dunes,’” says Meldahl, “because if you combine the quick-growing barley with native lupine here, that will sort of stabilize the dunes long enough to allow for these trees that he wanted to put through the park as windbreaks to grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP.png\" alt=\"Black and white photo shows rolling sandy hills with grasses and low shrubs. A road winds off into the distance.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-800x282.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-1020x360.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-160x56.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/early-view-GGP-1536x542.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden Gate Park, circa 1886. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco Public Library/Society of California Pioneers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meldahl thinks some of the elements of this story are true, but the fact that they all happened at once in the same spot is a little hard to believe. \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Golden_Gate_Park_History\">This tale also leaves out some important context.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, historians now think the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfhistory.org/a-journey-of-discovery-the-fleishhacker-family/\">Fleishhacker family\u003c/a> — famous for their philanthropic giving in the early days of the city — owned a farm at the eastern end of what is now the park. On that farm they grew barley. So, Hall likely knew that barley could grow in some areas of the park already. Second, landscape architects in Europe were already pioneering a technique of using quick-growing grasses to “reclaim” sandy areas of the coast. Hall would have heard about those successes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the manure, that brings us to some old-timey street sweeping. In the 1800s, transportation was mostly by horse and buggy. The roads were full of horse manure, so street sweepers would come along, sweep up the droppings, and bring them to the city’s parks to use as fertilizer. So, yes, Golden Gate Park probably did have a healthy amount of horse manure to help the reclamation process along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A118075?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=63e8c3e3e9425557fb4b&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=1&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=10\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915019\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP.png\" alt=\"A photochrome print of the main drive of Golden Gate Park with people in 1800 clothes picnicking in the foreground and horse and buggy in the backround.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-800x282.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-1020x360.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-160x56.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/main-drive-GGP-1536x542.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Hammond Hall envisioned a park that all San Franciscans could enjoy. The manure from the city’s many horses helped fertilize the soil. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The genius of place\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The other technique Hall used in his design of the park is an idea put forward by Frederick Law Olmsted (the two were friends). Olmsted believed that architects should respect the natural topography of a place and work with it. He coined the term “the genius of place” to describe the idea that you would work with what nature created instead of leveling everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that meant was a very efficient way of using the sand dunes as the existing topography to create this undulating kind of interesting landscape,” Pollock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall used the dunes themselves as a break against the strong winds coming off the Pacific Ocean. He reclaimed the leeward side first, and stabilized the ground at the bottom of the natural valleys. As plant matter created topsoil that could support stronger plants, Hall gradually extended plantings around to the other side. The “genius of place” explains the many hidden dells and winding paths you’ll still find in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall’s most formidable challenge was at the far western end of the park, near the ocean. He built a fence where sand would pile up. Then he used his tried-and-true reclamation strategies of marrying quick-growing grasses with natural lupine and overlaying the whole thing with manure to build up the plant matter on the protected side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 1890, only 20 years after the park’s inception at the eastern end, it looked fairly mature,” Pollock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 678px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915026\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/birdseye-GG-park.jpg\" alt=\"Old drawing of an aerial view of Golden Gate Park from the east end looking west. Some roads exist and the contours of the land are visible. There are almost no houses in the neighborhoods surrounding the park.\" width=\"678\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/birdseye-GG-park.jpg 678w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/birdseye-GG-park-160x136.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Golden Gate Park, circa 1892. Perspective is from the east end looking west and includes seven notable spots in the park. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/\">Online Archive of California\u003c/a>\u003ca>\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Hall makes enemies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sadly, Hall’s contributions as the first designer and superintendent of Golden Gate Park are often forgotten. That may be because he didn’t get along with some of the political power players of his day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a lot of graft in the city at the time,” Meldahl said. “And William Hammond Hall didn’t like it, so he tried to control what he could with his power as superintendent of the park.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he discovered that a blacksmith by the name of Sullivan was padding his contracts with the city, Hall fired him. Unfortunately for him and the park, Sullivan rose to prominence as a state legislator and took his revenge by throttling funding for Golden Gate Park. At the same time, he accused Hall of misusing park resources.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The allegations were completely false,” Meldahl said. “However, William Hammond Hall had had enough. In 1876, he resigned and the entire park commission resigned because they’re so disgusted by what they’re seeing as politics getting in the way of a beautiful city park that the city wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Hall and his supporters gone, the park commission became a political pawn. Several railroad men were appointed and, soon after, a plan to build a railroad out to the park was approved. Conveniently, the railroad companies paid a much lower tax rate than usual for the privilege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also tension over how to develop the park. Hall envisioned a wild, open space for people to escape city living. But others thought the park could be a place to showcase the cultural and social power of the city. Some of the buildings considered iconic today, like the Conservatory of Flowers, were built during this time. Without proper funding, the park struggled until the commission promoted a man named John McLaren to the superintendency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11915020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1622px\">\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsf.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A142749?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=c4de9a849febd3cafe75&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=1\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11915020\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren.png\" alt=\"Sepia toned photo of a tall man in a black suit with large eyebrows. He stands surrounded by palm trees with more greenery behind him.\" width=\"1622\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren.png 1622w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-800x282.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-1020x360.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-160x56.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/john-mclaren-1536x542.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1622px) 100vw, 1622px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John McLaren, circa 1927. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Francisco History Center/San Francisco Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think he’s one of the most universally beloved city employees of all time,” Meldahl said. “They built him a giant house. McLaren Lodge was built in 1896 specifically for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaren was hired in 1890 and stewarded the park for the next 50 years. He oversaw the development of much of what is in the park today. He shared Hall’s vision, believing the space should be kept as undeveloped as possible. And he managed to stay the course without making so many enemies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example: “[McLaren] hated statues in the park, hated them,” Mehdahl said. But rich people and cultural groups were constantly giving the city statues as gifts. Leaders didn’t know what to do with them so they’d just put them in the park. There would be a lot of fanfare around choosing the perfect location for a statue and placing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then John McLaren would very quietly plant things around the monuments that would grow up over time and totally obscure them so you couldn’t see them,” Mehdahl said. Some of the oldest statues in the park are around the Music Concourse, near the de Young Museum and the Academy of Sciences. But you wouldn’t know it because they’re almost completely obscured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given his hatred of statues, it’s a cruel irony that despite his wishes to the contrary, the city put a statue of McLaren in the rhododendron dell after his death in 1943. It’s still there, but fittingly his feet are firmly on the ground with the plants, not up on a big pedestal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A park for everyone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Visit Golden Gate Park today and you’ll see William Hammond Hall’s dream in action. He wrote in an 1872 report:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>With drives and rides for the rich, and pleasant rambles for the poor; quiet retreats for those who would be to themselves, and thronged [promenades] for the gayly disposed; sheltered nooks for invalids, and open grounds for lovers of boisterous sports; and tracts adapted to the special wants of children, and arranged to insure their comfort and welfare — the modern urban park is, indeed, the municipality’s open-air assembly-room, acceptable alike to all, and pleasing to each of her citizens.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>More than a million people visit Golden Gate Park each year, and it is beloved by many. The park continues to evolve with the needs of San Francisco’s residents, but none of it would have been possible without the knowledge, skill and perseverance of William Hammond Hall and John McLaren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "no-the-stanford-dish-isnt-listening-for-aliens-but-it-was-designed-to-spy-on-russia",
"title": "No, the Stanford Dish Isn't Listening for Aliens — but It Was Built to Spy on Russia",
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"headTitle": "No, the Stanford Dish Isn’t Listening for Aliens — but It Was Built to Spy on Russia | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the western edge of Stanford University’s sprawling, 8,180-acre campus stands a giant satellite dish pointed at the sky. It’s known simply as “\u003ca href=\"https://dish.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Dish\u003c/a>,” and it stands out among Stanford’s rolling hills — green or yellow, depending on the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who built The Dish?” asked former Menlo Park resident Jim Timmins. He also wanted to know, “When was it built? For what purpose? Is it still in service? If it’s not in service, when was it taken out of service?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timmins retired from a career in finance four years ago and moved to a dairy farm outside of Toronto, Canada. But he still listens to Bay Curious, and he still dreams about The Dish — not just the satellite dish, but the sprawling park and walking paths surrounding the massive saucer that thousands of people visit each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"An elevated view of green hills dotted with oak trees and the San Francisco Bay in the distance.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An elevated view, from the mezzanine of the Stanford Dish, of surrounding green hills dotted with oak trees, and the San Francisco Bay in the distance. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s just an incredible view,” Timmins explained. “I can remember it like it was yesterday. To the west, is the Pacific Ocean. To the south, I could see past San Jose. To the east, I could see well into the Central Valley. And to the north, I could see all the way past San Francisco and the Golden Gate in to Marin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this reporter has never seen quite so far as Timmins says he did when he started running around The Dish, as a Stanford student, back in 1979. But I do spot San Jose and San Francisco on clear days, and I love the way I can watch the landscape change over the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912633\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A close up of oak acorns still on the tree.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oak trees sprout leaves — and acorns — in the spring. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clutches of deer and turkeys roam the grounds in the spring. Coyotes and tarantulas, too, in the late summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red-tailed hawks coast on thermals, hunting for chirping ground squirrels in the grass below all year. I’ve spotted egrets, woodpeckers and hummingbirds. I’ve never seen a mountain lion, but signs warn me they’re out there as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though I — and some 600,000 visitors a year — think of The Dish as a public park, it’s actually owned by Stanford. “The Dish is primarily used for academic research purposes, but in addition to that, it’s used for habitat restoration conservation efforts,” said Jovan Solis, who works with \u003ca href=\"https://lbre.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford Land, Buildings & Real Estate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11912632 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A young male turkey shows his tail on a paved hiking path.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young male turkey eyes a KQED reporter warily on the hiking path at the Stanford Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Look closely and you’ll spot all kinds of habitat restoration projects Stanford students and professors are working on. There are efforts to encourage \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2019/01/15/save-native-grasslands-study-invasive-species/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">native grasses\u003c/a> and plants, like the \u003ca href=\"https://jrbp.stanford.edu/research/projects/floral-ecology-mimulus-aurantiacus-and-pedicularis-densiflora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sticky monkey flower\u003c/a> and California \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/~siegelr/flora/poppy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">poppies\u003c/a>, as well as critters, like the \u003ca href=\"https://hcp.stanford.edu/salamander.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California tiger salamander\u003c/a>. There also are two massive, solar-powered water storage facilities and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alertwildfire.org/region/southeastbay/?camera=Axis-StanfordDish&v=81e002f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wildfire alert system\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The dish about the Dish at the Dish\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Dish is a parabolic antenna radio telescope pointed at the heavens. It’s basically a giant, U-shaped dish, 150 feet from edge to edge, that sends and receives signals from space. And who’s the wizard of this Oz? It’s Stephen Muther, a senior research engineer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sri.com/hoi/dish-radio-antenna/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SRI International\u003c/a>, a nonprofit scientific research institute started by Stanford in 1946.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]He explained that The Dish was built in the early 1960s as a Cold War response to Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite launched into space. Sputnik, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, was about the size and shape of a beach ball, and it sent the U.S. into a national panic that was eventually channeled into a space program of our own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912627\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A man standing several flights of stairs up a giant satellite dish smiles at the view.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Muther, a senior research engineer at SRI International, takes in the view from the mezzanine level of his office. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were … listening to signals from [the Soviet Union] as they bounced off of the moon, using the moon as a reflector,” Muther said. The Dish was basically a giant spying device. (You can watch \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/bAvwUjN30kY\">silent footage of its construction here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, scientists and amateur radio enthusiasts like to demonstrate the process, for research purposes and for fun. The Dish concentrates radio waves into a narrow beam of energy, most of which gets absorbed by the moon. The rest bounces back our way, a round trip that takes about 2.5 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve sent Morse code signals to the moon and back,” Muther said. “Testing, one, two, three. Hello. Hello. That kind of thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912628\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2493px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A 1960s era control panel features knobs and meters.\" width=\"2493\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-scaled.jpeg 2493w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-800x821.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1020x1047.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-160x164.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1496x1536.jpeg 1496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1995x2048.jpeg 1995w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1920x1971.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2493px) 100vw, 2493px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1960s-era control panel inside the observation desk of The Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For years, I presumed The Dish was designed to listen for aliens. “No,” said Muther. It turns out that the airwaves above the hills on the Stanford campus are filled with all sorts of extraneous sounds, “from cellphones to broadcast stations, radio-dispatched anything. It’s a very noisy environment,” Muther said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really want to be out in the middle of nowhere [to listen for signs of extraterrestrial life],” he continued. “We mostly talk to spacecraft [i.e., human-made satellites] closer to home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muther also offered me a tour of the observation deck at ground level of The Dish, his day-to-day office. It looks like a science classroom circa 1960, albeit one with a great view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11912822 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A sign is posted next to neat rows of flowers planted where grass has been cleared.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign tells passersby about efforts to more fully establish the sticky monkey flower, a favorite of local hummingbirds, on the grounds of the Stanford Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All these buttons here are the same ones you see on the control consoles in the old \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/s69-40022_orig.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apollo Mission Control\u003c/a>,” he said. “It’s the same hardware, came from the same era, and it’s still in use today. We still have spare parts for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dish sits on a circular rail, rotating upon command from these very controls inside the observation deck. It also can be tilted up or to the side, as desired. “This whole structure rotates — the building and everything,” Muther said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Muther what the red “panic” button in the center of the main console is used for. “Well, sometimes the computer doesn’t do what you think it should be doing, and sends you off in the wrong direction really fast, and you’ve got to put a stop to it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912636\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1213px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912636\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177.jpeg\" alt=\"A tarantula stands atop dry grass.\" width=\"1213\" height=\"1213\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177.jpeg 1213w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177-800x800.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177-1020x1020.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177-160x160.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1213px) 100vw, 1213px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tarantula eyes a KQED reporter along the hiking trail at the Stanford Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A chain-link fence keeps most nosy humans away from the satellite dish, but there is a lot of wildlife in the area. Birds, in particular, like to perch on The Dish and watch the goings-on below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why not see for yourself what draws the crowds? No dogs or bicycles are allowed, but The Dish is open seven days a week, typically sunup to sundown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912823\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912823\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172.jpeg\" alt=\"A woman with sunglasses and a striped sunhat smiles in the foreground. A satellite dish sits on the hills behind her.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED’s Rachael Myrow has struggled to take a selfie that includes her and The Dish while delivering a proper sense of scale. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Stanford Dish is a popular park as well as the home of a 1960s-era parabolic antenna radio telescope built to keep tabs on the Russian space program at the height of the Cold War. It's still used for research.",
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"title": "No, the Stanford Dish Isn't Listening for Aliens — but It Was Built to Spy on Russia | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the western edge of Stanford University’s sprawling, 8,180-acre campus stands a giant satellite dish pointed at the sky. It’s known simply as “\u003ca href=\"https://dish.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Dish\u003c/a>,” and it stands out among Stanford’s rolling hills — green or yellow, depending on the season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who built The Dish?” asked former Menlo Park resident Jim Timmins. He also wanted to know, “When was it built? For what purpose? Is it still in service? If it’s not in service, when was it taken out of service?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timmins retired from a career in finance four years ago and moved to a dairy farm outside of Toronto, Canada. But he still listens to Bay Curious, and he still dreams about The Dish — not just the satellite dish, but the sprawling park and walking paths surrounding the massive saucer that thousands of people visit each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"An elevated view of green hills dotted with oak trees and the San Francisco Bay in the distance.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5780-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An elevated view, from the mezzanine of the Stanford Dish, of surrounding green hills dotted with oak trees, and the San Francisco Bay in the distance. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s just an incredible view,” Timmins explained. “I can remember it like it was yesterday. To the west, is the Pacific Ocean. To the south, I could see past San Jose. To the east, I could see well into the Central Valley. And to the north, I could see all the way past San Francisco and the Golden Gate in to Marin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this reporter has never seen quite so far as Timmins says he did when he started running around The Dish, as a Stanford student, back in 1979. But I do spot San Jose and San Francisco on clear days, and I love the way I can watch the landscape change over the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912633\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A close up of oak acorns still on the tree.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/40E5EEAA-9216-4CA3-9C40-3549EE977935-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oak trees sprout leaves — and acorns — in the spring. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clutches of deer and turkeys roam the grounds in the spring. Coyotes and tarantulas, too, in the late summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red-tailed hawks coast on thermals, hunting for chirping ground squirrels in the grass below all year. I’ve spotted egrets, woodpeckers and hummingbirds. I’ve never seen a mountain lion, but signs warn me they’re out there as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though I — and some 600,000 visitors a year — think of The Dish as a public park, it’s actually owned by Stanford. “The Dish is primarily used for academic research purposes, but in addition to that, it’s used for habitat restoration conservation efforts,” said Jovan Solis, who works with \u003ca href=\"https://lbre.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford Land, Buildings & Real Estate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11912632 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A young male turkey shows his tail on a paved hiking path.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4483-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young male turkey eyes a KQED reporter warily on the hiking path at the Stanford Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Look closely and you’ll spot all kinds of habitat restoration projects Stanford students and professors are working on. There are efforts to encourage \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2019/01/15/save-native-grasslands-study-invasive-species/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">native grasses\u003c/a> and plants, like the \u003ca href=\"https://jrbp.stanford.edu/research/projects/floral-ecology-mimulus-aurantiacus-and-pedicularis-densiflora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sticky monkey flower\u003c/a> and California \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/~siegelr/flora/poppy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">poppies\u003c/a>, as well as critters, like the \u003ca href=\"https://hcp.stanford.edu/salamander.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California tiger salamander\u003c/a>. There also are two massive, solar-powered water storage facilities and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alertwildfire.org/region/southeastbay/?camera=Axis-StanfordDish&v=81e002f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wildfire alert system\u003c/a>.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The dish about the Dish at the Dish\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Dish is a parabolic antenna radio telescope pointed at the heavens. It’s basically a giant, U-shaped dish, 150 feet from edge to edge, that sends and receives signals from space. And who’s the wizard of this Oz? It’s Stephen Muther, a senior research engineer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sri.com/hoi/dish-radio-antenna/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SRI International\u003c/a>, a nonprofit scientific research institute started by Stanford in 1946.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He explained that The Dish was built in the early 1960s as a Cold War response to Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite launched into space. Sputnik, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, was about the size and shape of a beach ball, and it sent the U.S. into a national panic that was eventually channeled into a space program of our own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912627\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A man standing several flights of stairs up a giant satellite dish smiles at the view.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5772-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Muther, a senior research engineer at SRI International, takes in the view from the mezzanine level of his office. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were … listening to signals from [the Soviet Union] as they bounced off of the moon, using the moon as a reflector,” Muther said. The Dish was basically a giant spying device. (You can watch \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/bAvwUjN30kY\">silent footage of its construction here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, scientists and amateur radio enthusiasts like to demonstrate the process, for research purposes and for fun. The Dish concentrates radio waves into a narrow beam of energy, most of which gets absorbed by the moon. The rest bounces back our way, a round trip that takes about 2.5 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve sent Morse code signals to the moon and back,” Muther said. “Testing, one, two, three. Hello. Hello. That kind of thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912628\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2493px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A 1960s era control panel features knobs and meters.\" width=\"2493\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-scaled.jpeg 2493w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-800x821.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1020x1047.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-160x164.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1496x1536.jpeg 1496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1995x2048.jpeg 1995w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5801-1920x1971.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2493px) 100vw, 2493px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1960s-era control panel inside the observation desk of The Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For years, I presumed The Dish was designed to listen for aliens. “No,” said Muther. It turns out that the airwaves above the hills on the Stanford campus are filled with all sorts of extraneous sounds, “from cellphones to broadcast stations, radio-dispatched anything. It’s a very noisy environment,” Muther said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really want to be out in the middle of nowhere [to listen for signs of extraterrestrial life],” he continued. “We mostly talk to spacecraft [i.e., human-made satellites] closer to home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muther also offered me a tour of the observation deck at ground level of The Dish, his day-to-day office. It looks like a science classroom circa 1960, albeit one with a great view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11912822 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A sign is posted next to neat rows of flowers planted where grass has been cleared.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4811-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign tells passersby about efforts to more fully establish the sticky monkey flower, a favorite of local hummingbirds, on the grounds of the Stanford Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All these buttons here are the same ones you see on the control consoles in the old \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/s69-40022_orig.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apollo Mission Control\u003c/a>,” he said. “It’s the same hardware, came from the same era, and it’s still in use today. We still have spare parts for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dish sits on a circular rail, rotating upon command from these very controls inside the observation deck. It also can be tilted up or to the side, as desired. “This whole structure rotates — the building and everything,” Muther said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Muther what the red “panic” button in the center of the main console is used for. “Well, sometimes the computer doesn’t do what you think it should be doing, and sends you off in the wrong direction really fast, and you’ve got to put a stop to it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912636\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1213px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912636\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177.jpeg\" alt=\"A tarantula stands atop dry grass.\" width=\"1213\" height=\"1213\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177.jpeg 1213w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177-800x800.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177-1020x1020.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_2177-160x160.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1213px) 100vw, 1213px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tarantula eyes a KQED reporter along the hiking trail at the Stanford Dish. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A chain-link fence keeps most nosy humans away from the satellite dish, but there is a lot of wildlife in the area. Birds, in particular, like to perch on The Dish and watch the goings-on below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why not see for yourself what draws the crowds? No dogs or bicycles are allowed, but The Dish is open seven days a week, typically sunup to sundown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11912823\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11912823\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172.jpeg\" alt=\"A woman with sunglasses and a striped sunhat smiles in the foreground. A satellite dish sits on the hills behind her.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_4803-scaled-e1651344034172-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED’s Rachael Myrow has struggled to take a selfie that includes her and The Dish while delivering a proper sense of scale. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Colorways, Hypebeasts and Influencers: Bay Area Teens Talk Sneakerhead Culture",
"headTitle": "Colorways, Hypebeasts and Influencers: Bay Area Teens Talk Sneakerhead Culture | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">KQED’s Youth Takeover Week\u003c/a>, when the voices and reporting of Bay Area young people take over our airwaves, Bay Curious is digging into sneaker culture. Student reporter Arline Villagres explores why some of her peers love to collect and resell in-demand sneakers. And, Victor Rodriguez explains his connection to the world of online influencers and his journey to understand what that lifestyle is like for young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5833657548\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> If you walk into my house, one of the first things that you’ll see is this rack of sneakers — running shoes to be specific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Olivia counts: three four five six seven eight nine 10. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Running is a big part of my life and this collection of well-worn, sometimes muddy shoes, they are my tools. Now I’m not actively running in a lot of these shoes anymore, but I have a hard time letting go of some of my favorite old pairs. I’m a person who likes sneakers. But I am not, as I learned in today’s episode, a sneakerhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> Top three shoes that I own, I have to go with the Union Nike Dunks, the Patent Bred 1s and the Syracuse Nike Dunk Highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> That’s Joseph Marin. He’s a senior at John Henry High School in Richmond, California. For him and other sneakerheads shoes are about fashion culture status being a part of something bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> I think it says a lot about a person’s character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> If you ever see a grandpa with sneakers, you’d be surprised. And then I’d compliment him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> And sneaker culture has exploded in popularity around the world in recent years. In 2020, it was a $79 billion market globally. This hobby is big business, in part because for collectors, it can be kind of addicting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> I own between 70 and 80 [pairs].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Today on Bay Curious, we’re taking a closer look at sneaker culture with the students at John Henry High School in Richmond, California. How it works and why it matters. Then we’ll turn to the topic of social media influencers and what their lives are really like. This episode is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">KQED’s Youth Takeover\u003c/a> week, when the voices and reporting of young people take over our airwaves. I’m Olivia Allen-Price, and this is Bay Curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor message\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Whenever I see someone on the street wearing a pair of gleaming white sneakers that look pristine, like they’ve never been worn before, I wonder to myself how do they keep them so clean? Luckily for me, a local student is here to show me the ropes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> My name is Arline Villagres. I’m a senior at John Henry High School. I live in Richmond, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Arline let me tag along as she dove into the sneakerhead world with some of her classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> Just a little soap and water will usually get the job done, something like a stiff brush to scrub the soles out. My name is Joseph Marin. I live here in Richmond locally, and I’m a reseller business when it comes to sneakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> We talked with two students who love sneakers. Joseph Marin and Kevin Cervantes. Arline started by asking Kevin some of the basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> In your opinion, what is a sneakerhead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> A sneakerhead is someone who collects sneakers and someone who keeps up with release dates, sneaker information, who goes to in-store raffles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Kevin is a sneakerhead. He says he spends 75 percent of his time obsessing about the hottest new shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> My dream shoe is probably the Dior Ones, which released, I think last year during quarantine, and retail was around like $7,000. Resell was around $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Twenty thousand dollars! I was not kidding when I said these shoes were big business. Now that’s just Kevin dreaming. He is still in high school, so he doesn’t have that kind of money yet. He pays for his shoes with money from his weekend job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> So what attracts you to a pair of shoes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> What attracts me to a pair of shoes is the colorway. The colorway has to be one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Colorway. Sneakerhead culture has its own vernacular. Colorway is pretty basic. It’s the colors used on the shoe. Kevin told us his favorites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> Black and white, has to be one of them. And then red, the main colors like red, orange, blue and cream. I’m into neutral colors right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> So do you think of sneakers as art?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> Sometimes I do just because I have a couple of sneakers that I purchased, but I don’t wear. And just because I like to look at them in my room just knowing that I have it, I just put it up and then just look at it and I think of it as art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Of the 70 or 80 pairs of sneakers that Kevin owns he only wears a few of them regularly. The others are for special occasions or just to collect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> I have a shelf. It’s a shelf that’s from the bottom to the ceiling of my room. They’re in rows, and whenever you walk in my room, you just see the back of the shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> He even forgets about some of the pairs he owns. They’re stored safely under his bed out of sight. And when he cleans his room, he’ll stumble upon them again. It’s almost like seeing them for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> When I take it out. I like to smell it because especially for sneakerheads, every new pair of shoes has its own unique smell. And I just I just like the feeling of it too, because the quality is amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Just like someone might collect baseball cards, bottles of wine or vinyl records, sneakerheads find a sheer joy in admiring something they think is beautiful or valuable. For Joseph Marin, the John Henry High senior with his own sneaker resale business, there’s just as much thrill in reading the hype machine, a.k.a. the market, just right so he can buy shoes at retail prices and sell them when the price has gone up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> It was 2015. I camped out for my first Jordan 9 Pantones, and I noticed that a lot of people were highly demanded for the shoe. So I decided why not make some profit off his shoe and resell it to make a little bit more money?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Joseph says vintage sneakers are in right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> Usually retro shoes are the best shoes to invest in because they’re highly demanded for as opposed to new colorways. If it connects back to the original colorways that came out back in the days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Talking to Kevin and Joseph, it’s clear that sneakers are a mode of self-expression. They each collect certain brands and styles, but I didn’t really understand at first why certain sneakers get so popular. Like, what is it about the specific shoe? Kevin explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> Whenever someone famous like, the Kardashians or Kanye West or like just big influencers wear shoes, it makes the hype for the shoe go up and then everybody else wants to shoe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Influencers. A lot of tastemakers in the sneaker world have huge online followings. People looking to them for inspiration, advice, to see what’s cool. Influencers have always been around. Maybe it was the girl in high school who people look to for fashion ideas, or the elite athlete who’s training you wanted to copy. In a 2019 tweet, Pope Francis even called Mary, mother of Jesus, an influencer of her day. What has changed is how big these influencers can get online and how quickly their message can spread. That’s what we’re going to talk about next. Senior Victor Rodriguez has been thinking a lot about the life of internet influencers, people with big followings on platforms like TikTok, YouTube and Instagram and their impact on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> Since I saw that like a lot of people on TikTok were having middle parts I decided I would try it out and see how it works. And now I only wear my hair parted like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Victor says influencers have a lot of power. If he’s changing his hairstyle because of what’s popular on TikTok, what else are they influencing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> When I was in fifth grade, I watched this group called FaZe Clan. They all moved into a house together and they just make videos and play video games for a living. And when I was a little kid, I wanted to do that so bad, and I just I almost started making YouTube videos for a little bit and see how that goes. But it never went off, so my dreams were demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>Now, Victor sees kids his age or younger with huge followings on TikTok, millions of views on silly videos making fun of teachers…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sound of TikTok video\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Or doing little skits…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>TikTok video clip\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> During quarantine, everyone was just on TikTok and everyone was making videos and trying to become popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> He thought back to his own attempts to become internet famous and kind of wished he’d stuck with it. But he also wondered how high school students balance it all. He reached out to some influencers he likes on TikTok to see if becoming famous had affected their schoolwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> I think what surprised me most was that they’re all doing good in school. I thought that they would fall back in school because they saw that I’m getting two million [folllowers], so I just drop everything and just pursue that. But surprisingly, none of them has fallen back on their work or anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Victor was also curious about their mental health. He’s seen how mean people can be in the comment section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> They’re young. They’re like 17-16. I thought people are just going to be bullying them in the comments saying that they aren’t funny. Surprisingly, no. People are nice in the comments. I think it’s just that their TikToks were good ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Ultimately, Victor came away from his interviews, impressed with the amount of work it takes to be a successful influencer. These teens were dedicated and organized. It takes a ton of work to produce a funny Tik Tok video every single day. But he also noticed that these influencers had backup plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> It’s not worth just dropping everything and just pursuing that for a living because you don’t know when your trend is going to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> He now knows that being an influencer is not the fun, chill job that he might have imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> You have to be determined to do it because there’s going to be ups and downs and it’s not just a straight line for you. There’s going to be crossing roads and stuff like that for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Wise words, Victor. What in life is ever as easy as it looks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks this week to Arline, Kevin, Joseph and Victor for their research, reporting and collaboration. Also, thanks to their teacher at John Henry High School, Ken Kusactay. It was so fun to work with you all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to KQED’s Amanda Vigil, Emiliano Villa, Jessica Placzek and Kyana Moghadam for helping make this episode possible. If you want to hear more stories made by young people from across the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">visit the Youth Takeover page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Brendan Willard, Sebastian Miño-Bucheli and me, Olivia Allen-Price. Our show is a production of member-supported KQED in San Francisco. I’ll see you next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">KQED’s Youth Takeover Week\u003c/a>, when the voices and reporting of Bay Area young people take over our airwaves, Bay Curious is digging into sneaker culture. Student reporter Arline Villagres explores why some of her peers love to collect and resell in-demand sneakers. And, Victor Rodriguez explains his connection to the world of online influencers and his journey to understand what that lifestyle is like for young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5833657548\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Transcript\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> If you walk into my house, one of the first things that you’ll see is this rack of sneakers — running shoes to be specific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Olivia counts: three four five six seven eight nine 10. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Running is a big part of my life and this collection of well-worn, sometimes muddy shoes, they are my tools. Now I’m not actively running in a lot of these shoes anymore, but I have a hard time letting go of some of my favorite old pairs. I’m a person who likes sneakers. But I am not, as I learned in today’s episode, a sneakerhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> Top three shoes that I own, I have to go with the Union Nike Dunks, the Patent Bred 1s and the Syracuse Nike Dunk Highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> That’s Joseph Marin. He’s a senior at John Henry High School in Richmond, California. For him and other sneakerheads shoes are about fashion culture status being a part of something bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> I think it says a lot about a person’s character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> If you ever see a grandpa with sneakers, you’d be surprised. And then I’d compliment him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> And sneaker culture has exploded in popularity around the world in recent years. In 2020, it was a $79 billion market globally. This hobby is big business, in part because for collectors, it can be kind of addicting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> I own between 70 and 80 [pairs].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Today on Bay Curious, we’re taking a closer look at sneaker culture with the students at John Henry High School in Richmond, California. How it works and why it matters. Then we’ll turn to the topic of social media influencers and what their lives are really like. This episode is part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">KQED’s Youth Takeover\u003c/a> week, when the voices and reporting of young people take over our airwaves. I’m Olivia Allen-Price, and this is Bay Curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor message\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Whenever I see someone on the street wearing a pair of gleaming white sneakers that look pristine, like they’ve never been worn before, I wonder to myself how do they keep them so clean? Luckily for me, a local student is here to show me the ropes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> My name is Arline Villagres. I’m a senior at John Henry High School. I live in Richmond, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Arline let me tag along as she dove into the sneakerhead world with some of her classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> Just a little soap and water will usually get the job done, something like a stiff brush to scrub the soles out. My name is Joseph Marin. I live here in Richmond locally, and I’m a reseller business when it comes to sneakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> We talked with two students who love sneakers. Joseph Marin and Kevin Cervantes. Arline started by asking Kevin some of the basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> In your opinion, what is a sneakerhead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> A sneakerhead is someone who collects sneakers and someone who keeps up with release dates, sneaker information, who goes to in-store raffles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Kevin is a sneakerhead. He says he spends 75 percent of his time obsessing about the hottest new shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> My dream shoe is probably the Dior Ones, which released, I think last year during quarantine, and retail was around like $7,000. Resell was around $20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Twenty thousand dollars! I was not kidding when I said these shoes were big business. Now that’s just Kevin dreaming. He is still in high school, so he doesn’t have that kind of money yet. He pays for his shoes with money from his weekend job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> So what attracts you to a pair of shoes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> What attracts me to a pair of shoes is the colorway. The colorway has to be one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Colorway. Sneakerhead culture has its own vernacular. Colorway is pretty basic. It’s the colors used on the shoe. Kevin told us his favorites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> Black and white, has to be one of them. And then red, the main colors like red, orange, blue and cream. I’m into neutral colors right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Arline Villagres:\u003c/strong> So do you think of sneakers as art?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> Sometimes I do just because I have a couple of sneakers that I purchased, but I don’t wear. And just because I like to look at them in my room just knowing that I have it, I just put it up and then just look at it and I think of it as art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Of the 70 or 80 pairs of sneakers that Kevin owns he only wears a few of them regularly. The others are for special occasions or just to collect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> I have a shelf. It’s a shelf that’s from the bottom to the ceiling of my room. They’re in rows, and whenever you walk in my room, you just see the back of the shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> He even forgets about some of the pairs he owns. They’re stored safely under his bed out of sight. And when he cleans his room, he’ll stumble upon them again. It’s almost like seeing them for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> When I take it out. I like to smell it because especially for sneakerheads, every new pair of shoes has its own unique smell. And I just I just like the feeling of it too, because the quality is amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Just like someone might collect baseball cards, bottles of wine or vinyl records, sneakerheads find a sheer joy in admiring something they think is beautiful or valuable. For Joseph Marin, the John Henry High senior with his own sneaker resale business, there’s just as much thrill in reading the hype machine, a.k.a. the market, just right so he can buy shoes at retail prices and sell them when the price has gone up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> It was 2015. I camped out for my first Jordan 9 Pantones, and I noticed that a lot of people were highly demanded for the shoe. So I decided why not make some profit off his shoe and resell it to make a little bit more money?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Joseph says vintage sneakers are in right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joseph Marin:\u003c/strong> Usually retro shoes are the best shoes to invest in because they’re highly demanded for as opposed to new colorways. If it connects back to the original colorways that came out back in the days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Talking to Kevin and Joseph, it’s clear that sneakers are a mode of self-expression. They each collect certain brands and styles, but I didn’t really understand at first why certain sneakers get so popular. Like, what is it about the specific shoe? Kevin explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kevin Cervantes:\u003c/strong> Whenever someone famous like, the Kardashians or Kanye West or like just big influencers wear shoes, it makes the hype for the shoe go up and then everybody else wants to shoe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Influencers. A lot of tastemakers in the sneaker world have huge online followings. People looking to them for inspiration, advice, to see what’s cool. Influencers have always been around. Maybe it was the girl in high school who people look to for fashion ideas, or the elite athlete who’s training you wanted to copy. In a 2019 tweet, Pope Francis even called Mary, mother of Jesus, an influencer of her day. What has changed is how big these influencers can get online and how quickly their message can spread. That’s what we’re going to talk about next. Senior Victor Rodriguez has been thinking a lot about the life of internet influencers, people with big followings on platforms like TikTok, YouTube and Instagram and their impact on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> Since I saw that like a lot of people on TikTok were having middle parts I decided I would try it out and see how it works. And now I only wear my hair parted like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Victor says influencers have a lot of power. If he’s changing his hairstyle because of what’s popular on TikTok, what else are they influencing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> When I was in fifth grade, I watched this group called FaZe Clan. They all moved into a house together and they just make videos and play video games for a living. And when I was a little kid, I wanted to do that so bad, and I just I almost started making YouTube videos for a little bit and see how that goes. But it never went off, so my dreams were demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/strong>Now, Victor sees kids his age or younger with huge followings on TikTok, millions of views on silly videos making fun of teachers…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sound of TikTok video\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Or doing little skits…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>TikTok video clip\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> During quarantine, everyone was just on TikTok and everyone was making videos and trying to become popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> He thought back to his own attempts to become internet famous and kind of wished he’d stuck with it. But he also wondered how high school students balance it all. He reached out to some influencers he likes on TikTok to see if becoming famous had affected their schoolwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> I think what surprised me most was that they’re all doing good in school. I thought that they would fall back in school because they saw that I’m getting two million [folllowers], so I just drop everything and just pursue that. But surprisingly, none of them has fallen back on their work or anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Victor was also curious about their mental health. He’s seen how mean people can be in the comment section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> They’re young. They’re like 17-16. I thought people are just going to be bullying them in the comments saying that they aren’t funny. Surprisingly, no. People are nice in the comments. I think it’s just that their TikToks were good ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Ultimately, Victor came away from his interviews, impressed with the amount of work it takes to be a successful influencer. These teens were dedicated and organized. It takes a ton of work to produce a funny Tik Tok video every single day. But he also noticed that these influencers had backup plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> It’s not worth just dropping everything and just pursuing that for a living because you don’t know when your trend is going to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> He now knows that being an influencer is not the fun, chill job that he might have imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victor Rodriguez:\u003c/strong> You have to be determined to do it because there’s going to be ups and downs and it’s not just a straight line for you. There’s going to be crossing roads and stuff like that for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/strong> Wise words, Victor. What in life is ever as easy as it looks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks this week to Arline, Kevin, Joseph and Victor for their research, reporting and collaboration. Also, thanks to their teacher at John Henry High School, Ken Kusactay. It was so fun to work with you all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to KQED’s Amanda Vigil, Emiliano Villa, Jessica Placzek and Kyana Moghadam for helping make this episode possible. If you want to hear more stories made by young people from across the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">visit the Youth Takeover page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Brendan Willard, Sebastian Miño-Bucheli and me, Olivia Allen-Price. Our show is a production of member-supported KQED in San Francisco. I’ll see you next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "For Many Tenants, Section 8 Is a Broken Promise. Fixing It Could Keep More People Housed",
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"content": "\u003cp>Evictions are devastating. Not only does a person lose their home, they also lose a major source of stability. A home can be a place of refuge from the world, somewhere to plan the next move, recuperate after a hard day, apply for jobs, feel safe. And, often, a person’s community is centered where they live. So if a person is evicted, they no longer have access to the school, library or church where people know them and can offer support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evictions also are common: Millions of people are evicted every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California grapples with its housing crisis, and many people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889738/covid-rent-relief-what-renters-and-landlords-need-to-know-as-californias-eviction-moratorium-ends\">barely hanging onto their housing by the grace of eviction moratoriums\u003c/a> passed during the coronavirus pandemic, stopping evictions is a key way to keep people housed. And the primary reason people get evicted is because they can’t pay their rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main federal rental-assistance program, Section 8 vouchers, doesn’t always work the way it was intended. And, it’s widely misunderstood by the public. For example, Section 8 is not the same thing as public housing. Instead, Section 8 vouchers are money paid directly to private landlords to help income-qualifying people pay their rent. And far more people are eligible for the program than actually benefit from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border-radius:12px\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"232\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Section 8 voucher holders pay 30% of their income in rent, and the subsidy makes up the rest. But the government determines a single voucher amount for an entire city. That’s a problem in expensive rental markets like San Francisco where, in many neighborhoods, the voucher amount is far lower than what a landlord could get on the open market. As a result, the only landlords who have the incentive to use Section 8 are those with buildings in lower-income neighborhoods, which reduces the choice voucher holders have over where to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11907727/reknitting-the-safety-net-help-pay-the-rent\">KQED’s Sold Out podcast digs into the history of Section 8\u003c/a>, its promise and its drawbacks. It’s part of a special series focused on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/soldout\">the complicated web of eviction issues\u003c/a>. Reporters Molly Solomon and Erin Baldassari talk to a Section 8 voucher holder about the struggle of using the program and get the perspective of landlords who rent to people with vouchers. It’s a system with a lot of problems, but many people are trying to improve it. If we’re serious about preventing evictions, Section 8 is one of the most powerful and established tools we have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Evictions are devastating. Not only does a person lose their home, they also lose a major source of stability. A home can be a place of refuge from the world, somewhere to plan the next move, recuperate after a hard day, apply for jobs, feel safe. And, often, a person’s community is centered where they live. So if a person is evicted, they no longer have access to the school, library or church where people know them and can offer support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evictions also are common: Millions of people are evicted every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California grapples with its housing crisis, and many people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889738/covid-rent-relief-what-renters-and-landlords-need-to-know-as-californias-eviction-moratorium-ends\">barely hanging onto their housing by the grace of eviction moratoriums\u003c/a> passed during the coronavirus pandemic, stopping evictions is a key way to keep people housed. And the primary reason people get evicted is because they can’t pay their rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main federal rental-assistance program, Section 8 vouchers, doesn’t always work the way it was intended. And, it’s widely misunderstood by the public. For example, Section 8 is not the same thing as public housing. Instead, Section 8 vouchers are money paid directly to private landlords to help income-qualifying people pay their rent. And far more people are eligible for the program than actually benefit from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Wacky, Homemade Cars Will Soon Roll Down the Hill in SF's McLaren Park Again",
"headTitle": "Wacky, Homemade Cars Will Soon Roll Down the Hill in SF’s McLaren Park Again | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a sunny afternoon in McLaren Park in San Francisco’s Excelsior District. Throngs of people are gathered on either side of a roadway that snakes down a steep hill. As they watch, a person riding what looks like a giant black Converse sneaker whooshes past. Coming up close behind it, a cast-iron bathtub whizzes by on what could’ve been the frame of a lawn mower. Then another driver — this one clinging for dear life onto what looks like a torpedo — hurtles by, inches off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby held by the San Francisco Museum of Art — what we now know as SFMOMA — on May 18, 1975. It was a race for homemade cars. No engines! You just needed to be able to roll, steer and stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/2022-soapbox-derby-at-mclaren-park/\">On April 10, SFMOMA is reviving its Soapbox Derby in McLaren Park.\u003c/a> Homemade cars that can coast under the power of their own gravity will have their turn in the spotlight, careening down an 800-foot hill. It’s free and open to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFMOMA/status/1502125212581576708\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Soapbox Derby is a revival of the 1975 event, which is now an institutional legend at SFMOMA. Then, as now, the country was in transition. The war in Vietnam had just ended and San Franciscans were looking for a bit of fun in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was playful. It was joyous,” said Amanda Pope, a professor of cinematic arts at the University of Southern California. “It wasn’t about advertising. It was just the artists getting out of their studios, doing something fun, a little outrageous, which is very much in the style of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the spring of 1975, Pope was living in San Francisco and got tipped off about the event by a friend with ties to the museum. She borrowed a camera and recruited her friend, Lisa Fruchtman, to help her with sound. (Fruchtman would go on to win an Oscar for editing “The Right Stuff” and was nominated again for her work on “The Godfather Part III.”) The footage they captured became Pope’s first documentary: “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/2022-soapbox-derby-at-mclaren-park/#doc\">The Incredible San Francisco Artists’ Soapbox Derby\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://vimeo.com/9069815\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first derby was the brainchild of late Bay Area artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.fletcherbenton.com/test\">Fletcher Benton\u003c/a>. Benton wanted to bring local artists together to have fun and raise money for the museum at the same time. He hoped the museum would use any money raised to acquire more work from local artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Soapbox Derby started out as a whimsical statement that I made in the studio one day,” Benton told Pope’s documentary crew. “I said, ‘Why don’t we get the artists to build cars that would reflect their art or reflect their feelings or their fun? And we’d all get together and coast down the hill.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The flag is up on the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Benton and his fellow planners got the go-ahead from the museum and started recruiting local artists to make cars and trophies for the derby. Artists got up to $100 per project to put toward expenses. Some of the more notable contributors who signed up included \u003ca href=\"https://ruthasawa.com/\">Ruth Asawa\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.violafrey.org/\">Viola Frey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-carlos-villa-5561\">Carlos Villa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1058px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian.jpeg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a woman posing in a long white dress with a colorful cape and a crown shaped like a hat.\" width=\"1058\" height=\"1300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian.jpeg 1058w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian-800x983.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian-1020x1253.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian-160x197.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1058px) 100vw, 1058px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florence ‘Flo’ Allen, a beloved artists’ model, played the role of Derby Queen at the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby in 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/florence-allen-san-francisco-artists-soap-box-derby-16644\">Unidentified photographer. Florence Allen papers, 1920-1997. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to artists, there were community icons like the late Florence “Flo” Allen. A legend among artists’ models in San Francisco, Allen was sketched by the likes of Diego Rivera and Mark Rothko. She was Derby Queen, with a car-themed headdress that looked like a mini-version of something from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878995/preserving-the-legacy-of-beach-blanket-babylon-one-hat-at-a-time\">Beach Blanket Babylon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the cars were more direct in concept, like a giant No. 2 pencil from renowned ceramicist \u003ca href=\"http://www.richardshawart.com/bio.html\">Richard Shaw\u003c/a>. Pope interviewed him about his creation back in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really nervous about the pencil impaling somebody, so we flipped coins [about who would drive],” Shaw said. “And we just tried to tell the people to get back so that they wouldn’t get wiped out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cars were more conceptual. There was a giant hand holding a pen by artist \u003ca href=\"https://jamespatrickfinnegan.com/Artist.asp?ArtistID=44253&Akey=BQTA3L7A&ajx=1\">Jim Finnegan\u003c/a> that Amanda Pope remembers as “The Mark of the Artist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 799px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/06_1975-First-Artists-Soap-Box-Derby_SFMOMA.jpg\" alt=\"What looks like a giant hand holding a pen rolls down a hill. Spectators stand in the background\" width=\"799\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/06_1975-First-Artists-Soap-Box-Derby_SFMOMA.jpg 799w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/06_1975-First-Artists-Soap-Box-Derby_SFMOMA-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soapbox car by Jim Finnegan, at the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby, May 18, 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Rudy Bender/ San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Ingenious. At a certain point, he release[d] ink from inside the hand,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An artist known as Meadow created “52 Vibrations” — a mishmash of sculpted anatomy that included a row of hands clutching working vibrators jutting out like spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was definitely a dimension of eroticism in some of the designs of the cars. Just a celebration. I mean, you’re talking ’70s. It was, you know, feminism, women’s rights,” Pope said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the car that is probably the most recognizable from the event — and which continues to capture the imaginations of people who are only just learning about the 1975 race — is “Moulton’s Edible Special,” created by artist Dorcas Moulton. The whole frame of the car was made from real bread — even the hubcaps, which looked like giant English muffins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910369\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar.jpeg\" alt=\"A woman in a car entirely made out of bread comes speeding down a hill. A crowd of spectators look on with trees behind them.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-1536x864.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moulton’s Edible Special, by Dorcas Moulton, at the first Artists’ Soapbox\u003cbr>Derby, May 18, 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Fannie Farmer had a hot roll mix, and I figured rolls were appropriate, so I did that for the white bread. And then the black bread was a Russian rye or pumpernickel,” Moulton said. “It was a plywood and chicken-wire frame on top of four bicycle wheels. We had axles. We had a steering wheel somehow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She miraculously stayed upright all the way down the hill, despite pieces of bread flying in every direction. When she reached the finish line, eager admirers swarmed the bread car, prying off pieces of the frame — either as souvenirs or snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made this little quip about, if you get stuck in a traffic jam, you can just, you know, break off a piece of the fender and have a snack while you’re stuck,” Moulton said. Legendary San Francisco columnist Herb Caen printed the remark along with an Associated Press photo that ran in newspapers around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sense of humor and ephemeral nature of Moulton’s Edible Special echoed one big idea put forward by the derby: that art didn’t need to be inside a museum — or even permanent — to be worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I am a ‘lifestyle artist,’ working in whatever medium I was currently playing with, like bread or, now, [in] my garden here in El Sobrante,” Moulton said, “Not every artist wants to be in museums.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So much more than cars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You didn’t have to make a car to participate in the Soapbox Derby. Some artists made trophies instead. Categories included: “Most Amorphous,” “Most Macabre,” “Most Biodegradable,” “Most Illusory” and “\u003ca href=\"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/232915\">The Booby Prize.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moulton’s Edible Special won the “Most Endearing” prize, but Moulton didn’t remember what her trophy looked like or where it ended up. I had to break the news to her that, according to SFMOMA’s records, the world-renowned sculptor, Ruth Asawa, made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, dear. What have I done? A priceless Ruth Asawa slipped through my fingers!” Moulton moaned.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]SFMOMA also confirmed it has no photographic record or description of the trophy, and even Asawa’s daughter, Aiko Cuneo, a working artist who still lives in the Bay Area, doesn’t have a recollection of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I could remember what the trophy looked like because I’m sure I saw it at some point,” she said. Cuneo was 25 when the first derby happened, and remembers it fondly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had never been to McLaren Park before, so it was a great sort of field trip to go there. The location was so perfect because it had these really wide roadways that weren’t too steep,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Moulton, Cuneo appreciated that the derby was a chance to get away from the formality — even pretension — that often surrounds museums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Soapbox Derby brought the museum outdoors and did make it so much more accessible to anybody. I thought it was so great that these artists could relive their childhood and be outrageous and uncensored and just have a lot of fun,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A changing museum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back in 1975, the San Francisco Museum of Art \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/press/release/sfmoma-rose-to-international-prominence-under-lea/\">had a new director named Henry Hopkins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a background as an educator, and so I think he really saw the value of community engagement,” said Tomoko Kanamitsu, the director of public engagement at SFMOMA today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hopkins took the helm of the museum, it was much smaller and less distinguished. It originally took up just one floor of the War Memorial Veterans Building on Van Ness Avenue. But during Hopkins’s tenure, the stature of the museum would shift dramatically. It would become the San Francisco Museum of \u003cem>Modern\u003c/em> Art, and Hopkins would help chart its rise to international prominence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kanamitsu noted a shift in focus at the museum in the decades following the first Soapbox Derby that coincided with that period of growth for the museum. She said the ’70s were a unique, inward-looking time for the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that if I was to kind of project about what happened later, I think there was a lot of outward looking later on in the ’80s and ’90s and 2000s about being a museum at a world-class-museum scale,” Kanamitsu said. “And I think that has, in many ways, created a separation with the local art community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within SFMOMA, Kanamitsu said, the derby is seen as a touchstone that encapsulates what a museum can be to its community. So reviving the event this year is a gesture of community recognition — and also a galvanizing force inside the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pandemic has been so devastating, obviously to the whole world, but to arts institutions in particular. We suffered many layoffs,” Kanamitsu said. “Then there was the whole public reckoning around \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13881257/sfmoma-faces-censorship-racism-accusations-over-george-floyd-response\">the censoring of Taylor Brandon\u003c/a>, and as SFMOMA staff, we’ve had a hard time, and we really need something to kind of get us excited about why we do what we do and to kind of show that art isn’t just something that’s on the walls at the museum. Art is everywhere. And what better way to do that than to revive the 2022 Soapbox Derby?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a sunny afternoon in McLaren Park in San Francisco’s Excelsior District. Throngs of people are gathered on either side of a roadway that snakes down a steep hill. As they watch, a person riding what looks like a giant black Converse sneaker whooshes past. Coming up close behind it, a cast-iron bathtub whizzes by on what could’ve been the frame of a lawn mower. Then another driver — this one clinging for dear life onto what looks like a torpedo — hurtles by, inches off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby held by the San Francisco Museum of Art — what we now know as SFMOMA — on May 18, 1975. It was a race for homemade cars. No engines! You just needed to be able to roll, steer and stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/2022-soapbox-derby-at-mclaren-park/\">On April 10, SFMOMA is reviving its Soapbox Derby in McLaren Park.\u003c/a> Homemade cars that can coast under the power of their own gravity will have their turn in the spotlight, careening down an 800-foot hill. It’s free and open to the public.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Soapbox Derby is a revival of the 1975 event, which is now an institutional legend at SFMOMA. Then, as now, the country was in transition. The war in Vietnam had just ended and San Franciscans were looking for a bit of fun in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was playful. It was joyous,” said Amanda Pope, a professor of cinematic arts at the University of Southern California. “It wasn’t about advertising. It was just the artists getting out of their studios, doing something fun, a little outrageous, which is very much in the style of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the spring of 1975, Pope was living in San Francisco and got tipped off about the event by a friend with ties to the museum. She borrowed a camera and recruited her friend, Lisa Fruchtman, to help her with sound. (Fruchtman would go on to win an Oscar for editing “The Right Stuff” and was nominated again for her work on “The Godfather Part III.”) The footage they captured became Pope’s first documentary: “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/2022-soapbox-derby-at-mclaren-park/#doc\">The Incredible San Francisco Artists’ Soapbox Derby\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first derby was the brainchild of late Bay Area artist \u003ca href=\"https://www.fletcherbenton.com/test\">Fletcher Benton\u003c/a>. Benton wanted to bring local artists together to have fun and raise money for the museum at the same time. He hoped the museum would use any money raised to acquire more work from local artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Soapbox Derby started out as a whimsical statement that I made in the studio one day,” Benton told Pope’s documentary crew. “I said, ‘Why don’t we get the artists to build cars that would reflect their art or reflect their feelings or their fun? And we’d all get together and coast down the hill.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The flag is up on the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Benton and his fellow planners got the go-ahead from the museum and started recruiting local artists to make cars and trophies for the derby. Artists got up to $100 per project to put toward expenses. Some of the more notable contributors who signed up included \u003ca href=\"https://ruthasawa.com/\">Ruth Asawa\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.violafrey.org/\">Viola Frey\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-carlos-villa-5561\">Carlos Villa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1058px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian.jpeg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a woman posing in a long white dress with a colorful cape and a crown shaped like a hat.\" width=\"1058\" height=\"1300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian.jpeg 1058w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian-800x983.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian-1020x1253.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Allen_Flo_Smithsonian-160x197.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1058px) 100vw, 1058px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florence ‘Flo’ Allen, a beloved artists’ model, played the role of Derby Queen at the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby in 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/florence-allen-san-francisco-artists-soap-box-derby-16644\">Unidentified photographer. Florence Allen papers, 1920-1997. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to artists, there were community icons like the late Florence “Flo” Allen. A legend among artists’ models in San Francisco, Allen was sketched by the likes of Diego Rivera and Mark Rothko. She was Derby Queen, with a car-themed headdress that looked like a mini-version of something from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878995/preserving-the-legacy-of-beach-blanket-babylon-one-hat-at-a-time\">Beach Blanket Babylon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the cars were more direct in concept, like a giant No. 2 pencil from renowned ceramicist \u003ca href=\"http://www.richardshawart.com/bio.html\">Richard Shaw\u003c/a>. Pope interviewed him about his creation back in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really nervous about the pencil impaling somebody, so we flipped coins [about who would drive],” Shaw said. “And we just tried to tell the people to get back so that they wouldn’t get wiped out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cars were more conceptual. There was a giant hand holding a pen by artist \u003ca href=\"https://jamespatrickfinnegan.com/Artist.asp?ArtistID=44253&Akey=BQTA3L7A&ajx=1\">Jim Finnegan\u003c/a> that Amanda Pope remembers as “The Mark of the Artist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 799px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/06_1975-First-Artists-Soap-Box-Derby_SFMOMA.jpg\" alt=\"What looks like a giant hand holding a pen rolls down a hill. Spectators stand in the background\" width=\"799\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/06_1975-First-Artists-Soap-Box-Derby_SFMOMA.jpg 799w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/06_1975-First-Artists-Soap-Box-Derby_SFMOMA-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soapbox car by Jim Finnegan, at the first Artists’ Soapbox Derby, May 18, 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Rudy Bender/ San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Ingenious. At a certain point, he release[d] ink from inside the hand,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An artist known as Meadow created “52 Vibrations” — a mishmash of sculpted anatomy that included a row of hands clutching working vibrators jutting out like spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was definitely a dimension of eroticism in some of the designs of the cars. Just a celebration. I mean, you’re talking ’70s. It was, you know, feminism, women’s rights,” Pope said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the car that is probably the most recognizable from the event — and which continues to capture the imaginations of people who are only just learning about the 1975 race — is “Moulton’s Edible Special,” created by artist Dorcas Moulton. The whole frame of the car was made from real bread — even the hubcaps, which looked like giant English muffins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11910369\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11910369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar.jpeg\" alt=\"A woman in a car entirely made out of bread comes speeding down a hill. A crowd of spectators look on with trees behind them.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/SoapboxDerby-BreadCar-1536x864.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moulton’s Edible Special, by Dorcas Moulton, at the first Artists’ Soapbox\u003cbr>Derby, May 18, 1975. \u003ccite>(Courtesy San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Fannie Farmer had a hot roll mix, and I figured rolls were appropriate, so I did that for the white bread. And then the black bread was a Russian rye or pumpernickel,” Moulton said. “It was a plywood and chicken-wire frame on top of four bicycle wheels. We had axles. We had a steering wheel somehow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She miraculously stayed upright all the way down the hill, despite pieces of bread flying in every direction. When she reached the finish line, eager admirers swarmed the bread car, prying off pieces of the frame — either as souvenirs or snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made this little quip about, if you get stuck in a traffic jam, you can just, you know, break off a piece of the fender and have a snack while you’re stuck,” Moulton said. Legendary San Francisco columnist Herb Caen printed the remark along with an Associated Press photo that ran in newspapers around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sense of humor and ephemeral nature of Moulton’s Edible Special echoed one big idea put forward by the derby: that art didn’t need to be inside a museum — or even permanent — to be worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I am a ‘lifestyle artist,’ working in whatever medium I was currently playing with, like bread or, now, [in] my garden here in El Sobrante,” Moulton said, “Not every artist wants to be in museums.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So much more than cars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You didn’t have to make a car to participate in the Soapbox Derby. Some artists made trophies instead. Categories included: “Most Amorphous,” “Most Macabre,” “Most Biodegradable,” “Most Illusory” and “\u003ca href=\"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/232915\">The Booby Prize.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moulton’s Edible Special won the “Most Endearing” prize, but Moulton didn’t remember what her trophy looked like or where it ended up. I had to break the news to her that, according to SFMOMA’s records, the world-renowned sculptor, Ruth Asawa, made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, dear. What have I done? A priceless Ruth Asawa slipped through my fingers!” Moulton moaned.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>SFMOMA also confirmed it has no photographic record or description of the trophy, and even Asawa’s daughter, Aiko Cuneo, a working artist who still lives in the Bay Area, doesn’t have a recollection of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I could remember what the trophy looked like because I’m sure I saw it at some point,” she said. Cuneo was 25 when the first derby happened, and remembers it fondly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had never been to McLaren Park before, so it was a great sort of field trip to go there. The location was so perfect because it had these really wide roadways that weren’t too steep,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Moulton, Cuneo appreciated that the derby was a chance to get away from the formality — even pretension — that often surrounds museums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Soapbox Derby brought the museum outdoors and did make it so much more accessible to anybody. I thought it was so great that these artists could relive their childhood and be outrageous and uncensored and just have a lot of fun,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A changing museum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back in 1975, the San Francisco Museum of Art \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmoma.org/press/release/sfmoma-rose-to-international-prominence-under-lea/\">had a new director named Henry Hopkins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a background as an educator, and so I think he really saw the value of community engagement,” said Tomoko Kanamitsu, the director of public engagement at SFMOMA today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hopkins took the helm of the museum, it was much smaller and less distinguished. It originally took up just one floor of the War Memorial Veterans Building on Van Ness Avenue. But during Hopkins’s tenure, the stature of the museum would shift dramatically. It would become the San Francisco Museum of \u003cem>Modern\u003c/em> Art, and Hopkins would help chart its rise to international prominence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kanamitsu noted a shift in focus at the museum in the decades following the first Soapbox Derby that coincided with that period of growth for the museum. She said the ’70s were a unique, inward-looking time for the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that if I was to kind of project about what happened later, I think there was a lot of outward looking later on in the ’80s and ’90s and 2000s about being a museum at a world-class-museum scale,” Kanamitsu said. “And I think that has, in many ways, created a separation with the local art community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within SFMOMA, Kanamitsu said, the derby is seen as a touchstone that encapsulates what a museum can be to its community. So reviving the event this year is a gesture of community recognition — and also a galvanizing force inside the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pandemic has been so devastating, obviously to the whole world, but to arts institutions in particular. We suffered many layoffs,” Kanamitsu said. “Then there was the whole public reckoning around \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13881257/sfmoma-faces-censorship-racism-accusations-over-george-floyd-response\">the censoring of Taylor Brandon\u003c/a>, and as SFMOMA staff, we’ve had a hard time, and we really need something to kind of get us excited about why we do what we do and to kind of show that art isn’t just something that’s on the walls at the museum. Art is everywhere. And what better way to do that than to revive the 2022 Soapbox Derby?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What Makes a Street 'Private'? And Why Does San Francisco Have So Many?",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco has about 1,000 miles of streets, and Victoria Eng’s isn’t particularly notable. But when she Googled her Duboce Triangle avenue, she learned something curious:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It popped up on a list as an intersection of a privately owned street nearby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees this private street all the time. “It has a fancy sign that actually says the name of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s off 14th Street near Belcher Street. There, a pink Victorian and a beige Victorian stand side-by-side, but instead of having a space between them they’re connected on the second and third levels. At the street level there’s a passageway through to the back with a red gate at the entrance. Above it, a sign reads “Boynton Court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I walk by it, I just now wonder about this mysterious courtyard-slash-private street,” Eng says. “This has been haunting me ever since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she tapped Bay Curious for help. “Why are there private streets at all?” she wrote. “Who owns these streets and why would someone want to own one of these streets?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Private streets 101\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are 288 private streets in the city, according to San Francisco Public Works Director of Policy and Communications Rachel Gordon. Most of them are unglamorous access roads used for commercial purposes. That might mean a little road that leads to a warehouse or a business park, or it could mean a long driveway leading up to an institution like a college or hospital. The property owners maintain these roads, not the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also some residential private streets, usually owned by a group of property owners who live on the street. These are much less common, Gordon says, but she wasn’t able to provide an estimate of how many there are today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another category of streets that aren’t maintained by the city are referred to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/heatherknight/article/SF-property-owners-maintain-streets-that-city-13991425.php\">“unaccepted” streets\u003c/a>. There are 148 miles of them in San Francisco, Gordon says. These streets aren’t privately owned, but they don’t meet the city’s standards for a legitimate street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glen Park’s unpaved alleyways are a good example. “Those streets are very delightful to walk through,” Gordon says. “A lot of times the adjacent property owners will plant flowers or put up sculptures there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be “accepted” by the city, a street has to be at least 40 feet wide and have a curb and sidewalk, among other things. If a street meets those standards, the city will take responsibility for cleaning it, filling potholes and doing all the other maintenance required. Unaccepted streets aren’t privately owned, but Gordon says they do end up being privately maintained, usually by the fronting property owners, if anybody takes care of them at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually people can freely use private driveways or access roads owned by businesses or institutions that are open to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a San Francisco Police Department spokesperson, emergency services have access to both public and private streets and the department responds the same way regardless of who owns the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unaccepted streets are public, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But residential private streets are a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Presidio Terrace debacle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11909769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11909769\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace.jpg\" alt=\"In the foreground two street signs point opposite directions. One says Presidio Terrace, the other Arguello. In the background loom large, beautiful houses.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A street sign on Presidio Terrace on August 9, 2017, in San Francisco. California couple Tina Lam and Michael Cheng purchased the streets and sidewalks of Presidio Terrace, a private cul-de-sac that features several multimillion-dollar mansions, for $90,000 at public auction. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city’s most notorious private street saga involves Presidio Terrace. One of the wealthiest areas in the city, Presidio Terrace is both a neighborhood and the oval-shaped street that runs through it. It’s a gated community of multimillion-dollar houses, and its common areas, including its street, are owned and maintained by the neighborhood’s homeowners association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sf.curbed.com/2016/5/24/11760976/presidio-terrace-home-millions\">Presidio Terrace was built on the idea of exclusion.\u003c/a> It was created in 1905 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist/timeline.html\">explicitly advertised as a community for “Caucasians.”\u003c/a> A racial covenant barring non-white folks from living there was one of the key selling points in an early brochure for the development. The covenant was invalidated in 1948 when the Supreme Court made the enforcement of those kinds of restrictions illegal — but the gate is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11610533/wealthy-san-francisco-neighborhood-fails-to-pay-taxes-loses-private-street\">the city put the street up for sale because the homeowners association hadn’t paid taxes\u003c/a> on it for decades. They’d apparently forgotten to provide an updated billing address, so they defaulted on a $14 annual property tax. By 2015, they owed the city about $1,000 in outstanding fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, San Jose couple Michael Cheng and Tina Lam were looking for real estate investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This parcel came up in San Francisco. It had a great address,” Cheng recalls. So they bid on it and won it for just over $90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they had no idea what they’d just bought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when we were looking at it, it was really confusing,” he says. “It said it was part of a street and part of the HOA, and it was a vacant land parcel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng says they had to go to City Hall and dig through title records to figure it out. And when they finally did, they weren’t sure what to do with the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought it was pretty cool to have, just for the sake of having something in San Francisco,” Cheng says, “But it was also not a great property that we could build on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng and his wife were considering charging for parking spaces — either charging the residents or charging the public for parking access. They figured that would make enough money to cover the taxes and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng says they also considered holding events there. “That’s what people with private streets could do: They can hold community activities without blocking off city streets. So we could do like a fair or farmers market,” he says. “I wanted to make it open to the public because it’s a great-looking street, but nobody can see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not how it worked out. When Presidio Terrace homeowners found out their street had been sold, they took legal action against the city and Cheng and Lam and started pressuring city leaders.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]The HOA had a lobbyist working for them, and Dianne Feinstein, a former Presidio Terrace resident, wrote to city leaders on their behalf. All this got a ton of media attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11633820/rich-san-francisco-homeowners-get-sold-off-street-back\">the supervisors sided with the homeowners\u003c/a> and returned the street to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got my dose of reality that that’s kind of how the wealthy had things,” Cheng says. “They could buy their way and get the things that they want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city refunded the couple the $90,000. Cheng tried suing the city without success, but by 2019 he says he and his wife were too worn out to keep fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple didn’t buy any more streets, but Cheng says people did start trying to sell them odd bits and pieces of peninsula pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We came across a very interesting segment of the population who does this kind of stuff,” Cheng says. “Apparently we weren’t the craziest ones buying streets. We just happened to get ourselves caught in this mess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So, what’s up with Boynton Court?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11909770\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11909770\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt.jpg\" alt=\"Through a red metal gate a passageway can be glimpsed with a sunny courtyard beyond. Above the gate a sign reads Boynton Court.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1722\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-800x718.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-1020x915.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-160x144.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-1536x1378.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boynton Court, near the home of question-asker Victoria Eng. She wondered why it’s private and what that means for residents living there. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Presidio Terrace drama is part of what inspired our question-asker, Victoria Eng. Without that story in the back of her mind, she says she probably wouldn’t have given it a second thought when she learned Boynton Court was privately owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This private “street” is really a walkway. If you can convince a gracious neighbor to let you in, you’ll find it runs between the Victorians and opens into a small courtyard with another building behind it facing the courtyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Dunn has been living in one of the units in that building for almost 16 years — longer than any of his neighbors, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunn says Boynton Court was built in 1893 along with the Victorians in front of the courtyard that face 14th Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The original person who built them was a butcher on Polk Street,” Dunn says. “He built them all as rental apartments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So who owns the court today? According to Dunn, it’s shared by the neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This owner owns half of that passageway, this owner owns half,” he says, motioning toward the two street-facing Victorians and the gate between them. “Then we all have easements that we can use it. It’s all privately owned different parcels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes figuring out how to handle maintenance costs is a pain, Dunn says, but they work it out — and they make sure to pay their tax bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There are 288 private streets in San Francisco. Most of them are commercial driveways or other mundane stretches of pavement, but some are owned by residents — and that can cause conflict.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco has about 1,000 miles of streets, and Victoria Eng’s isn’t particularly notable. But when she Googled her Duboce Triangle avenue, she learned something curious:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It popped up on a list as an intersection of a privately owned street nearby.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees this private street all the time. “It has a fancy sign that actually says the name of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s off 14th Street near Belcher Street. There, a pink Victorian and a beige Victorian stand side-by-side, but instead of having a space between them they’re connected on the second and third levels. At the street level there’s a passageway through to the back with a red gate at the entrance. Above it, a sign reads “Boynton Court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time I walk by it, I just now wonder about this mysterious courtyard-slash-private street,” Eng says. “This has been haunting me ever since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she tapped Bay Curious for help. “Why are there private streets at all?” she wrote. “Who owns these streets and why would someone want to own one of these streets?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Private streets 101\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are 288 private streets in the city, according to San Francisco Public Works Director of Policy and Communications Rachel Gordon. Most of them are unglamorous access roads used for commercial purposes. That might mean a little road that leads to a warehouse or a business park, or it could mean a long driveway leading up to an institution like a college or hospital. The property owners maintain these roads, not the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also some residential private streets, usually owned by a group of property owners who live on the street. These are much less common, Gordon says, but she wasn’t able to provide an estimate of how many there are today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another category of streets that aren’t maintained by the city are referred to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/heatherknight/article/SF-property-owners-maintain-streets-that-city-13991425.php\">“unaccepted” streets\u003c/a>. There are 148 miles of them in San Francisco, Gordon says. These streets aren’t privately owned, but they don’t meet the city’s standards for a legitimate street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glen Park’s unpaved alleyways are a good example. “Those streets are very delightful to walk through,” Gordon says. “A lot of times the adjacent property owners will plant flowers or put up sculptures there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be “accepted” by the city, a street has to be at least 40 feet wide and have a curb and sidewalk, among other things. If a street meets those standards, the city will take responsibility for cleaning it, filling potholes and doing all the other maintenance required. Unaccepted streets aren’t privately owned, but Gordon says they do end up being privately maintained, usually by the fronting property owners, if anybody takes care of them at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually people can freely use private driveways or access roads owned by businesses or institutions that are open to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a San Francisco Police Department spokesperson, emergency services have access to both public and private streets and the department responds the same way regardless of who owns the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unaccepted streets are public, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But residential private streets are a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Presidio Terrace debacle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11909769\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11909769\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace.jpg\" alt=\"In the foreground two street signs point opposite directions. One says Presidio Terrace, the other Arguello. In the background loom large, beautiful houses.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/PresidioTerrace-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A street sign on Presidio Terrace on August 9, 2017, in San Francisco. California couple Tina Lam and Michael Cheng purchased the streets and sidewalks of Presidio Terrace, a private cul-de-sac that features several multimillion-dollar mansions, for $90,000 at public auction. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city’s most notorious private street saga involves Presidio Terrace. One of the wealthiest areas in the city, Presidio Terrace is both a neighborhood and the oval-shaped street that runs through it. It’s a gated community of multimillion-dollar houses, and its common areas, including its street, are owned and maintained by the neighborhood’s homeowners association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sf.curbed.com/2016/5/24/11760976/presidio-terrace-home-millions\">Presidio Terrace was built on the idea of exclusion.\u003c/a> It was created in 1905 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist/timeline.html\">explicitly advertised as a community for “Caucasians.”\u003c/a> A racial covenant barring non-white folks from living there was one of the key selling points in an early brochure for the development. The covenant was invalidated in 1948 when the Supreme Court made the enforcement of those kinds of restrictions illegal — but the gate is still there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11610533/wealthy-san-francisco-neighborhood-fails-to-pay-taxes-loses-private-street\">the city put the street up for sale because the homeowners association hadn’t paid taxes\u003c/a> on it for decades. They’d apparently forgotten to provide an updated billing address, so they defaulted on a $14 annual property tax. By 2015, they owed the city about $1,000 in outstanding fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, San Jose couple Michael Cheng and Tina Lam were looking for real estate investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This parcel came up in San Francisco. It had a great address,” Cheng recalls. So they bid on it and won it for just over $90,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they had no idea what they’d just bought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when we were looking at it, it was really confusing,” he says. “It said it was part of a street and part of the HOA, and it was a vacant land parcel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng says they had to go to City Hall and dig through title records to figure it out. And when they finally did, they weren’t sure what to do with the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought it was pretty cool to have, just for the sake of having something in San Francisco,” Cheng says, “But it was also not a great property that we could build on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng and his wife were considering charging for parking spaces — either charging the residents or charging the public for parking access. They figured that would make enough money to cover the taxes and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheng says they also considered holding events there. “That’s what people with private streets could do: They can hold community activities without blocking off city streets. So we could do like a fair or farmers market,” he says. “I wanted to make it open to the public because it’s a great-looking street, but nobody can see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not how it worked out. When Presidio Terrace homeowners found out their street had been sold, they took legal action against the city and Cheng and Lam and started pressuring city leaders.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The HOA had a lobbyist working for them, and Dianne Feinstein, a former Presidio Terrace resident, wrote to city leaders on their behalf. All this got a ton of media attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11633820/rich-san-francisco-homeowners-get-sold-off-street-back\">the supervisors sided with the homeowners\u003c/a> and returned the street to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got my dose of reality that that’s kind of how the wealthy had things,” Cheng says. “They could buy their way and get the things that they want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city refunded the couple the $90,000. Cheng tried suing the city without success, but by 2019 he says he and his wife were too worn out to keep fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple didn’t buy any more streets, but Cheng says people did start trying to sell them odd bits and pieces of peninsula pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We came across a very interesting segment of the population who does this kind of stuff,” Cheng says. “Apparently we weren’t the craziest ones buying streets. We just happened to get ourselves caught in this mess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So, what’s up with Boynton Court?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11909770\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11909770\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt.jpg\" alt=\"Through a red metal gate a passageway can be glimpsed with a sunny courtyard beyond. Above the gate a sign reads Boynton Court.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1722\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-800x718.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-1020x915.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-160x144.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/BoyntonCourt-1536x1378.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boynton Court, near the home of question-asker Victoria Eng. She wondered why it’s private and what that means for residents living there. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Presidio Terrace drama is part of what inspired our question-asker, Victoria Eng. Without that story in the back of her mind, she says she probably wouldn’t have given it a second thought when she learned Boynton Court was privately owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This private “street” is really a walkway. If you can convince a gracious neighbor to let you in, you’ll find it runs between the Victorians and opens into a small courtyard with another building behind it facing the courtyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Dunn has been living in one of the units in that building for almost 16 years — longer than any of his neighbors, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunn says Boynton Court was built in 1893 along with the Victorians in front of the courtyard that face 14th Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The original person who built them was a butcher on Polk Street,” Dunn says. “He built them all as rental apartments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So who owns the court today? According to Dunn, it’s shared by the neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This owner owns half of that passageway, this owner owns half,” he says, motioning toward the two street-facing Victorians and the gate between them. “Then we all have easements that we can use it. It’s all privately owned different parcels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes figuring out how to handle maintenance costs is a pain, Dunn says, but they work it out — and they make sure to pay their tax bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "There Were Once More Than 425 Shellmounds in the Bay Area. Where Did They Go?",
"headTitle": "There Were Once More Than 425 Shellmounds in the Bay Area. Where Did They Go? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on Nov. 8, 2018. Since then, the California Court of Appeals ruled that \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/07/29/development-spengers-parking-lot-can-proceed-ohlone-shellmound-ruling\">a housing development could move forward on the West Berkeley Shellmound site\u003c/a>, despite arguments by the city of Berkeley and the Confederated Villages of Lisjan. Berkeley appealed the ruling, but the State Supreme Court declined to hear the case.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]Y[/dropcap]ou may associate the Emeryville shoreline with shops, or the Scandinavian furniture store Ikea. But what you may not know is that before this place was a commercial area, a different human-made structure towered above Bay Area residents: a shellmound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving down Shellmound Street may tip you off, too. It did for Bay Curious listener Paul Gilbert, who used to live and work in Emeryville. He would cross Shellmound Street every day for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And somewhere along the way I’d heard the story that there used to be a Native American mound of shells somewhere along the shore,” Gilbert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind Shellmound Street in Emeryville, and what happened to the Native American shellmounds that I heard it was named after?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are shellmounds?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shellmounds are human-made mounds of earth and organic matter that were built up over thousands of years. They were created by the people native to the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mounds served many purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shellmounds are created by my ancestors as ceremonial places and as burial sites,” said \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/staff-board/\">Corrina Gould\u003c/a>, tribal spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan and co-director of the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust. The Lisjan are one of more than 40 native groups that call the greater Bay Area their home. As colonizers came to Northern California, they lumped these distinct Indigenous groups into one. These days this larger group is sometimes called the Ohlone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A shellmound in Mill Valley, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909. From Nelson's report "Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region."\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shellmound in Mill Valley, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909, from Nelson’s report ‘Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gould said innumerable burials were found in shellmounds: “Children buried with their mothers who had been lost in childbirth. Elders with babies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bodies were then covered with layers of soil, shell and rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mussel (like those pictured here), clam and oyster shells give shellmounds their name.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mussel shells (like those pictured here) and clam and oyster shells give shellmounds their name. \u003ccite>(David Gee/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Growing bigger over time, the shellmounds transformed the flatlands by the bay waters into an undulating, awe-inspiring scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shellmounds also served as an active space for the living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would come and they would trade with each other, and they would have ceremony at the top of these mounds,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archaeologists have found remnants of communal fireplaces, workshops and homes in the mounds. They were so central to community life that it seems there wasn’t even time for topsoil to build up or for grasses to grow, said UC Berkeley anthropology professor \u003ca href=\"https://anthropology.berkeley.edu/kent-lightfoot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kent Lightfoot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their height, sometimes taller than 30 feet, served as a focal point to navigate across the bay waters, or to communicate with other tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could send signals to other people across the bay because you could see their fires,” Gould said, saying the signals could, among other things, warn groups about toxic red tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-800x617.jpg\" alt=\"A shellmound in San Rafael, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909. From Nelson's report "Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region."\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-800x617.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-1020x787.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-1200x925.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut.jpg 1582w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shellmound in San Rafael, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909, from Nelson’s report ‘Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s all of these things that are in these mounds that tell us this rich history of our people for thousands and thousands of years,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould is referring to remnants of daily Ohlone life, like remnants of the foods that sustained them: not only the mussel, clam and oyster shells that give the mounds their name, but traces of salmon and sturgeon, deer and acorns from the ample oak trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How many shellmounds were in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area was a popular place to live for Native Americans. Natural resources from both water and land were abundant here. The area from Point Sur in the south to the Carquinez Strait in the north was one of the most densely populated places for Indigenous people north of Mexico, with roughly 10,000 inhabitants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these people meant a lot of villages, and therefore a lot of shellmounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704814\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11704814 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392.jpg\" alt=\"Corrina Gould stands in front of the site of a former shellmound and village known to Ohlone as Sigorea Te. This place is also called Glen Cove Waterfront Park.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corrina Gould stands in front of the site of a former shellmound and village known to Ohlone people as Sogorea Te’. This place is also called Glen Cove Waterfront Park. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as colonizers came to California in the 1700s and 1800s, the native population was devastated. They were killed by newly introduced diseases, starvation and genocide. These killings were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/books/review/an-american-genocide-by-benja.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at times funded by the state of California and the U.S. government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native people began to disappear from their traditional land. When their houses of willow branches and tule reeds decomposed, the shellmounds were all that was left to mark where their villages once stood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11704710\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay.jpg\" alt=\"A map of shellmounds documented in 1909 by archaeologist Nels Nelson.\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay.jpg 650w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of shellmounds documented in 1909 by archaeologist Nels Nelson. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Stanford's CESTA Spatial History Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1909, a UC Berkeley archaeologist named Nels Nelson counted 425 shellmounds around the Bay Area. He thought there had been many more, too, that already had been worn away by water, time and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrina Gould believes that of the shellmounds Nelson documented in 1909, roughly four can still be seen, in such places as San Bruno, Fremont and Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened to the shellmounds?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Let’s take a look at the Emeryville shellmound as an example of a larger trend. This shellmound was the biggest one recorded in the Bay Area, more than three stories high and 350 feet in diameter, Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 628px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11704712 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room.jpg\" alt=\"Demolition of the Emeryville Shellmound.\" width=\"628\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room.jpg 628w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-160x70.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-240x105.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-375x164.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-520x227.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demolition of the Emeryville shellmound. If you look for the shellmound today, you won’t find much above ground. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Oakland History Room)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800s, developers sheared off the top to create a dance pavilion — people were literally dancing on graves. At the base of the shellmound, they constructed an amusement park. Decades later the shellmound was leveled completely to make way for a paint factory. And in the early 2000s, the site of this once-busy Native village became a busy outdoor shopping center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of destruction happened across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gould emphasized that the shellmounds are still here, albeit underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for us to preserve and protect what’s left,” Gould said. “Even if you as human beings can’t see it on top, we know that the layers of our shellmounds go way deep underneath the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soil below where shellmounds stood is distinct. It’s a dark, rich color from organic material, with white pockets colored by remains of shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rich soil from above-ground shellmounds was used to pave roads, fill in parts of the bay and fertilize gardens. Some of the human remains met similar fates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said the shellmounds are beneath landmarks that Bay Area residents pass daily: a Burger King in downtown Oakland, or Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many skeletons have been unceremoniously unearthed. Construction crews and archaeologists uncovered human bones as recently as the early 2000s, while building the Emeryville shops. Gould said most of these were reburied in an undisclosed location on the original site. In the past, remains were treated differently. Professional and amateur archaeologists sought out human bones and artifacts and sent them to universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology has more than 5,000 sets of human remains from the Bay Area alone. A “set” could represent the remains of one or multiple people, or even just an isolated component of a person, according to a spokesperson for the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Gould and other Ohlone people viewed the Hearst Museum’s collection of human remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the top of the ceiling to the floor there was all these trays with our ancestor remains up and down,” Gould said. “I’ll never forget that experience, that this institution is holding these humans, and for what purpose? And how many is too many?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were the ancestors, you know, my direct relations,” Gould said. She choked up as she spoke, describing her reaction after the visit: “I lay down in bed for three days and couldn’t move. And it still hurts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening with shellmounds now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gould and other Native American activists are fighting to acquire land where the oldest Bay Area shellmound, nearly 5,000 years old, once stood: West Berkeley. The space is privately owned and currently an asphalt parking lot at 1900 Fourth Street, between the Fourth Street shopping corridor and the bay. The location has been designated as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Planning_and_Development/Level_3_-_LPC/COB_Landmarks_updated%20April%202015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">archaeological landmark\u003c/a> by the city of Berkeley since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landowners have sought to build housing here in recent years, but their proposals have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2018/09/05/berkeley-rejects-sb35-application-for-spengers-lot-development-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejected by the city of Berkeley\u003c/a>. While the owners have challenged the city, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/10/22/judge-rules-for-berkeley-in-developers-lawsuit-over-spengers-parking-lot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">judge recently ruled\u003c/a> in favor of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould hopes eventually the land will be overseen by Ohlone and other Native Americans. She acknowledges this is just a dream right now, as the owners of the land are not willing to sell. But she said stranger things have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her vision is a space with native plants, a circular dancing structure for Ohlone ceremonies, and a 40-foot-tall mound with a spiral path and information about the Ohlone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704720\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11704720 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"A vision for what an open space at 1900 Fourth St in West Berkeley could look like. It would be a monument to Ohlone ancestors and the shellmound that once stood here. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-1200x825.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-1920x1320.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vision for what an open space at 1900 Fourth St. in West Berkeley could look like. It would be a monument to Ohlone ancestors and the shellmound that once stood here. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Corrina Gould)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gould and others regularly hold intertribal prayers here, on the current parking lot. Over her decades as an activist, Gould said Ohlone events have grown stronger, and the crowds have grown larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees this as part of a larger Ohlone resurgence: consulting for the Hearst Museum that houses bones of their relatives, reviving dance steps no one has followed in 100 years, and learning traditional languages — not spoken in generations — from tape recordings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her hope is to renew more Ohlone ways, just as she hopes to build a new shellmound on the site of an old one, once flattened.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Shellmounds were used by Ohlone people as burial sites. People used them to navigate bay waters, and gathered on top of them. Now almost all the more than 425 shellmounds once in the Bay Area have been destroyed, paved over or built upon.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on Nov. 8, 2018. Since then, the California Court of Appeals ruled that \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/07/29/development-spengers-parking-lot-can-proceed-ohlone-shellmound-ruling\">a housing development could move forward on the West Berkeley Shellmound site\u003c/a>, despite arguments by the city of Berkeley and the Confederated Villages of Lisjan. Berkeley appealed the ruling, but the State Supreme Court declined to hear the case.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Y\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ou may associate the Emeryville shoreline with shops, or the Scandinavian furniture store Ikea. But what you may not know is that before this place was a commercial area, a different human-made structure towered above Bay Area residents: a shellmound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving down Shellmound Street may tip you off, too. It did for Bay Curious listener Paul Gilbert, who used to live and work in Emeryville. He would cross Shellmound Street every day for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And somewhere along the way I’d heard the story that there used to be a Native American mound of shells somewhere along the shore,” Gilbert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked Bay Curious: “What’s the story behind Shellmound Street in Emeryville, and what happened to the Native American shellmounds that I heard it was named after?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are shellmounds?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shellmounds are human-made mounds of earth and organic matter that were built up over thousands of years. They were created by the people native to the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mounds served many purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shellmounds are created by my ancestors as ceremonial places and as burial sites,” said \u003ca href=\"https://sogoreate-landtrust.org/staff-board/\">Corrina Gould\u003c/a>, tribal spokesperson for the Confederated Villages of Lisjan and co-director of the Sogorea Te’ Land Trust. The Lisjan are one of more than 40 native groups that call the greater Bay Area their home. As colonizers came to Northern California, they lumped these distinct Indigenous groups into one. These days this larger group is sometimes called the Ohlone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A shellmound in Mill Valley, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909. From Nelson's report "Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region."\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33756_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.57.48-PM-qut.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shellmound in Mill Valley, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909, from Nelson’s report ‘Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gould said innumerable burials were found in shellmounds: “Children buried with their mothers who had been lost in childbirth. Elders with babies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bodies were then covered with layers of soil, shell and rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mussel (like those pictured here), clam and oyster shells give shellmounds their name.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/106958124_4623a24028_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mussel shells (like those pictured here) and clam and oyster shells give shellmounds their name. \u003ccite>(David Gee/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Growing bigger over time, the shellmounds transformed the flatlands by the bay waters into an undulating, awe-inspiring scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shellmounds also served as an active space for the living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would come and they would trade with each other, and they would have ceremony at the top of these mounds,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archaeologists have found remnants of communal fireplaces, workshops and homes in the mounds. They were so central to community life that it seems there wasn’t even time for topsoil to build up or for grasses to grow, said UC Berkeley anthropology professor \u003ca href=\"https://anthropology.berkeley.edu/kent-lightfoot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kent Lightfoot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their height, sometimes taller than 30 feet, served as a focal point to navigate across the bay waters, or to communicate with other tribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could send signals to other people across the bay because you could see their fires,” Gould said, saying the signals could, among other things, warn groups about toxic red tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11704736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-800x617.jpg\" alt=\"A shellmound in San Rafael, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909. From Nelson's report "Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region."\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-800x617.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-1020x787.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut-1200x925.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33755_Screen-Shot-2018-11-07-at-2.58.07-PM-qut.jpg 1582w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A shellmound in San Rafael, as photographed by archaeologist Nels Nelson in 1909, from Nelson’s report ‘Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region.’\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s all of these things that are in these mounds that tell us this rich history of our people for thousands and thousands of years,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould is referring to remnants of daily Ohlone life, like remnants of the foods that sustained them: not only the mussel, clam and oyster shells that give the mounds their name, but traces of salmon and sturgeon, deer and acorns from the ample oak trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How many shellmounds were in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area was a popular place to live for Native Americans. Natural resources from both water and land were abundant here. The area from Point Sur in the south to the Carquinez Strait in the north was one of the most densely populated places for Indigenous people north of Mexico, with roughly 10,000 inhabitants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these people meant a lot of villages, and therefore a lot of shellmounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704814\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11704814 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392.jpg\" alt=\"Corrina Gould stands in front of the site of a former shellmound and village known to Ohlone as Sigorea Te. This place is also called Glen Cove Waterfront Park.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9392-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corrina Gould stands in front of the site of a former shellmound and village known to Ohlone people as Sogorea Te’. This place is also called Glen Cove Waterfront Park. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as colonizers came to California in the 1700s and 1800s, the native population was devastated. They were killed by newly introduced diseases, starvation and genocide. These killings were \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/29/books/review/an-american-genocide-by-benja.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at times funded by the state of California and the U.S. government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native people began to disappear from their traditional land. When their houses of willow branches and tule reeds decomposed, the shellmounds were all that was left to mark where their villages once stood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 650px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11704710\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay.jpg\" alt=\"A map of shellmounds documented in 1909 by archaeologist Nels Nelson.\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay.jpg 650w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Shell-Mounds-in-SF-Bay-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of shellmounds documented in 1909 by archaeologist Nels Nelson. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Stanford's CESTA Spatial History Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1909, a UC Berkeley archaeologist named Nels Nelson counted 425 shellmounds around the Bay Area. He thought there had been many more, too, that already had been worn away by water, time and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corrina Gould believes that of the shellmounds Nelson documented in 1909, roughly four can still be seen, in such places as San Bruno, Fremont and Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened to the shellmounds?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Let’s take a look at the Emeryville shellmound as an example of a larger trend. This shellmound was the biggest one recorded in the Bay Area, more than three stories high and 350 feet in diameter, Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 628px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11704712 size-full\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room.jpg\" alt=\"Demolition of the Emeryville Shellmound.\" width=\"628\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room.jpg 628w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-160x70.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-240x105.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-375x164.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/oakland_history_room-520x227.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demolition of the Emeryville shellmound. If you look for the shellmound today, you won’t find much above ground. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Oakland History Room)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800s, developers sheared off the top to create a dance pavilion — people were literally dancing on graves. At the base of the shellmound, they constructed an amusement park. Decades later the shellmound was leveled completely to make way for a paint factory. And in the early 2000s, the site of this once-busy Native village became a busy outdoor shopping center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of destruction happened across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gould emphasized that the shellmounds are still here, albeit underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important for us to preserve and protect what’s left,” Gould said. “Even if you as human beings can’t see it on top, we know that the layers of our shellmounds go way deep underneath the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soil below where shellmounds stood is distinct. It’s a dark, rich color from organic material, with white pockets colored by remains of shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rich soil from above-ground shellmounds was used to pave roads, fill in parts of the bay and fertilize gardens. Some of the human remains met similar fates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said the shellmounds are beneath landmarks that Bay Area residents pass daily: a Burger King in downtown Oakland, or Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many skeletons have been unceremoniously unearthed. Construction crews and archaeologists uncovered human bones as recently as the early 2000s, while building the Emeryville shops. Gould said most of these were reburied in an undisclosed location on the original site. In the past, remains were treated differently. Professional and amateur archaeologists sought out human bones and artifacts and sent them to universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology has more than 5,000 sets of human remains from the Bay Area alone. A “set” could represent the remains of one or multiple people, or even just an isolated component of a person, according to a spokesperson for the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Gould and other Ohlone people viewed the Hearst Museum’s collection of human remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the top of the ceiling to the floor there was all these trays with our ancestor remains up and down,” Gould said. “I’ll never forget that experience, that this institution is holding these humans, and for what purpose? And how many is too many?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were the ancestors, you know, my direct relations,” Gould said. She choked up as she spoke, describing her reaction after the visit: “I lay down in bed for three days and couldn’t move. And it still hurts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening with shellmounds now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gould and other Native American activists are fighting to acquire land where the oldest Bay Area shellmound, nearly 5,000 years old, once stood: West Berkeley. The space is privately owned and currently an asphalt parking lot at 1900 Fourth Street, between the Fourth Street shopping corridor and the bay. The location has been designated as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Planning_and_Development/Level_3_-_LPC/COB_Landmarks_updated%20April%202015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">archaeological landmark\u003c/a> by the city of Berkeley since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landowners have sought to build housing here in recent years, but their proposals have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2018/09/05/berkeley-rejects-sb35-application-for-spengers-lot-development-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rejected by the city of Berkeley\u003c/a>. While the owners have challenged the city, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/10/22/judge-rules-for-berkeley-in-developers-lawsuit-over-spengers-parking-lot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">judge recently ruled\u003c/a> in favor of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould hopes eventually the land will be overseen by Ohlone and other Native Americans. She acknowledges this is just a dream right now, as the owners of the land are not willing to sell. But she said stranger things have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her vision is a space with native plants, a circular dancing structure for Ohlone ceremonies, and a 40-foot-tall mound with a spiral path and information about the Ohlone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11704720\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11704720 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"A vision for what an open space at 1900 Fourth St in West Berkeley could look like. It would be a monument to Ohlone ancestors and the shellmound that once stood here. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-1200x825.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Ohlone-Vision-rev-June-2018-sm-1920x1320.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vision for what an open space at 1900 Fourth St. in West Berkeley could look like. It would be a monument to Ohlone ancestors and the shellmound that once stood here. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Corrina Gould)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gould and others regularly hold intertribal prayers here, on the current parking lot. Over her decades as an activist, Gould said Ohlone events have grown stronger, and the crowds have grown larger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sees this as part of a larger Ohlone resurgence: consulting for the Hearst Museum that houses bones of their relatives, reviving dance steps no one has followed in 100 years, and learning traditional languages — not spoken in generations — from tape recordings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her hope is to renew more Ohlone ways, just as she hopes to build a new shellmound on the site of an old one, once flattened.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "latinos-in-la-mision-a-story-of-resistance-and-community",
"title": "Latinos in La Misión: A Story of Resistance and Community",
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"headTitle": "Latinos in La Misión: A Story of Resistance and Community | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you walk down 24th Street today, you’ll see colorful murals and papel picado hanging overhead, and smell Latinx food being cooked. How did this area come to be the center of Latinx life and community in San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mission wasn’t always this way. It’s actually one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city and has been home to many different people. It was home to the Yelamu, who spoke the Ramaytush language and were one of more than 50 Ohlone groups to live in the Bay Area for hundreds of years before Europeans came. In 1770, the Spanish arrived and chose the Mission for their settlement. But as with most California history, when gold was found in 1848 it changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news about the gold rush spread internationally, and people with mining experience from places like Mexico, Chile and Peru came looking for a shot at fortune. When they arrived, many established homes near present-day North Beach, along Broadway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what the people will call, in so many ways, the Latin Quarter,” said Carlos Cordova, professor emeritus at San Francisco State University. “That was really the hub where people in the community would do their economic business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The shift from gold mines to factories\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By the 1860s, fewer and fewer miners were striking it rich in the gold fields. But people kept coming to San Francisco for new jobs being created here. Emigrants with capital started businesses, and San Francisco’s deep-water harbor was a thriving port. The city was growing and work was plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s early Latinx residents made their mark on the city in many ways. Take the Potrero Hill neighborhood: “Potrero” is a Spanish word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2646px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11908448\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission.png\" alt=\"Two black and white photos. The on top shows the Mission District without much development. The bottom photo was taken 35 years later and far more houses dot the horizon.\" width=\"2646\" height=\"930\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission.png 2646w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-800x281.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-1020x359.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-160x56.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-1536x540.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-2048x720.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-1920x675.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2646px) 100vw, 2646px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two photos of the Mission District. The top image is from 1856, the bottom from 1891. Both were taken near Harrison and 16th streets. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That means the place where you keep the horses and other animals, four-legged animals, cattle,” Cordova said. “And there were many slaughterhouses in that area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanneries and shoe factories opened in Potrero Hill, too. A lot of Latinx residents living in the Latin Quarter got jobs at those slaughterhouses and factories and moved to the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across town, coffee brands like Hills Brothers and Folgers established warehouses along the Embarcadero and near Rincon Hill. They’d import the coffee from Central and South America and employ Latinx people living here who knew their way around coffee production. These large employers meant that at the end of the 1800s and during the turn of the 20th century, most of San Francisco’s Latinx residents lived in what we now know as North Beach, in Potrero Hill and near Rincon Hill. Soon more manufacturing would emerge in the Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the oldest companies here in San Francisco was Levi Strauss,” Cordova said. “And many Latinos, African Americans and Asian women actually worked there as seamstresses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Latinx folk were employed at the Levi Strauss factory at 14th and Valencia streets in the Mission, they didn’t live in the neighborhood yet. Most of the homes were owned by Irish, Italian and Russian immigrants who had settled in the Mission earlier. Twenty-Fourth Street, now the beating heart of latinidad in San Francisco, was an Irish stronghold in the early part of the 20th century, said Cordoba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until the 1930s that the Mission District as we’ve come to know it began to take shape. Families were trickling into the area for jobs already, but the trickle became a flood when work began on the Bay Bridge in 1933. One of the massive pillars was built right through the area where many Latinx residents lived, a place known as Rincon Annex. The project forced people to relocate their homes and businesses. First they moved to the Fillmore, and eventually into the Mission District. The makings of the barrio had begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Francisco booming (1940s-1950s)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>World War II was a boom time throughout the Bay Area, especially in shipbuilding and other war efforts. People from all over the country and world once again saw San Francisco as a place to find a good job, including people from Latin America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had already the connections,” said Cordoba. “People follow their relatives.” This is called a social migration network: People follow their friends and relatives to new opportunities in foreign lands. The new arrivals to San Francisco needed places to live, and they found vacancies in the Mission.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]After World War II, there was a housing crisis. Soldiers returning from war needed places to live, and there wasn’t enough housing. Housing developers built large tracts of homes on the west side of San Francisco, in places like the Sunset District and Daly City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people who had been living in the Mission moved to these newly built neighborhoods. Latinx families, on the other hand, did not have the same opportunity. Redlining prevented them from buying in many places, and racist lending policies made it difficult for them to get the low-interest loans that white borrowers received. “The Irish and other white ethnic groups moved from the Mission, and then Latinos came to the Mission,” said Cordova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final factor pushing San Francisco’s Latinx residents into the Mission was the Broadway Tunnel. Its construction forced Latinx business owners to relocate their shops. Important businesses like Casa Sanchez and its tortilla chips — still a thriving business today — had to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When the Mission became a barrio (1960s-1970s)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Latinx folks were moving to the Mission and forming a community, they were watching another community in San Francisco be destroyed: the Fillmore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco City Hall had a thirst for “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">urban renewal,”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the practice of \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Fillmore_Redevelopment\">tearing down so-called “slums”\u003c/a> to make way for new development. Fillmore residents — part of a vibrant African American community — were forced out of their homes, often without much warning or adequate compensation from the city. They had to find new places to live, and many left San Francisco all together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Quite candidly, [the city] lied to the African American community,” said Roberto Hernandez, who was born and raised in the Mission, and remembers the destruction of the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the city had promised Fillmore residents they could move back after the neighborhood was rebuilt, it didn’t work out that way. High-cost condominiums and studio spaces were built in the neighborhood, and homes owned by Black families were destroyed. Black residents either couldn’t afford to move back, or had moved on with their lives. The Fillmore was never the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’60s, textile factories were leaving the Mission for Asia or Latin America, where labor was cheaper. That exodus left the Mission spotted with empty lots and buildings. The city’s redevelopment agency targeted it for “improvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908241\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11908241 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-800x432.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-800x432.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-1020x551.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet.jpg 1321w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission District Urban Design Study: 24th Street Station area section (1966) \u003ccite>(Erica Fischer/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city had a plan to introduce two BART stations along Mission Street. They planned to build massive high-rises with housing and offices and a plaza for commercial use. This urban-renewal plan was a red flag to Mission residents who didn’t want to see what happened in the Fillmore happen to them. Residents began organizing to fight the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mission Coalition Organization helped organize the community into “block clubs,” ready to mobilize with a word from their block captains. The block clubs became the foundation of a larger movement for Mission residents to decide what support their community needed and how to work together to get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a beautiful time to see how well-organized the whole neighborhood [was],” Hernandez said. “I felt like it was like Godzilla vs. Bambi because of the power that their redevelopment had at the time was to come in and literally wipe out communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This form of organizing was a huge success. It brought the community together and got everyone involved. And the Mission community needed that unity to fight the city over the redevelopment plan. Ultimately, the mayor at the time, Joe Alioto, gave into their sustained protests, and he listened to the Mission organizers who had their own ideas about what would help revitalize the community and support its residents. Winning the fight not only saved the Mission from redevelopment, it solidified a feeling of unity among residents proudly displaying their cultural identities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Mission of now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11908471\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria.jpg\" alt=\"A neon sign reading La Victoria flickers above a glass window with rows of baked goods layed out behind it. A yellow, green and red sign sticks out from the corner of the building advertising abarrotes y reposteria.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panaderías, or bakeries, like La Victoria are a staple in the Mission District now. \u003ccite>(Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two BART stations were built in the Mission, and homes and businesses were destroyed to make room for the 16th and 24th street stations. A McDonald’s opened at the corner of Mission and 24th. But a majority of the Mission survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s even more meaningful because [of] knowing what we as a community were able to stop,” Hernandez said, referring to the destruction of the Fillmore District. “And unfortunately, when we look today at how it wiped out the African American community, we would have been wiped out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The residents of the Mission had pushed for the right to decide what happened in their community and won. That power carried them forward as they developed plans to invest in the well-being of its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood also got federal funding through the Model Cities Program, which helped support the projects they’d outlined to city leaders. They used the funding for employment, education, and legal and housing services. Important Mission organizations still working to support the community, like the Mission Hiring Hall and the Mission Housing Development Corporation, got their start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After winning the redevelopment fight, the Mission has continued to grow and change. New immigrants arrived, notably Salvadorans and Nicaraguans who were fleeing wars at home. Organizers like Hernandez created public celebrations of Latinx identity that brought neighbors from different backgrounds together to celebrate their unique identities. Cinco de Mayo, Carnival and Fiesta de las Americas all bring the city to the Mission in celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908239\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11908239 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-1536x1106.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-2048x1475.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-1920x1383.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Aztec dancer looks above the trees on 24th Street, during a blessing of the altars on 24th and Folsom streets to start Día de los Muertos in the Mission District, San Francisco, on Sunday, Nov. 1, 2020. \u003ccite>(Sebastian Miño-Bucheli/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I travel to the Mission District today, and I walk up the BART stairs, I’m grateful for my elders who fought to preserve this community. I love when I catch a glimpse of a lowrider, or hear snippets of cumbia music floating out from the shops. The smells, the colors, the sound of Spanish being spoken — this is where I can express my latinidad proudly. This is the Mission to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even this version isn’t safe. The Mission District is gentrifying, Hernandez said, and it’s time to get organized once again in defense of home. But for now, this barrio still stands, strong and loud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "San Francisco's Mission District is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. Many people have lived there, including the Yelamu native people, Spanish missionaries and waves of European immigrants. It's now the heart of the Latino community. How did that happen?",
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"title": "Latinos in La Misión: A Story of Resistance and Community | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you walk down 24th Street today, you’ll see colorful murals and papel picado hanging overhead, and smell Latinx food being cooked. How did this area come to be the center of Latinx life and community in San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mission wasn’t always this way. It’s actually one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city and has been home to many different people. It was home to the Yelamu, who spoke the Ramaytush language and were one of more than 50 Ohlone groups to live in the Bay Area for hundreds of years before Europeans came. In 1770, the Spanish arrived and chose the Mission for their settlement. But as with most California history, when gold was found in 1848 it changed everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news about the gold rush spread internationally, and people with mining experience from places like Mexico, Chile and Peru came looking for a shot at fortune. When they arrived, many established homes near present-day North Beach, along Broadway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what the people will call, in so many ways, the Latin Quarter,” said Carlos Cordova, professor emeritus at San Francisco State University. “That was really the hub where people in the community would do their economic business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The shift from gold mines to factories\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By the 1860s, fewer and fewer miners were striking it rich in the gold fields. But people kept coming to San Francisco for new jobs being created here. Emigrants with capital started businesses, and San Francisco’s deep-water harbor was a thriving port. The city was growing and work was plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s early Latinx residents made their mark on the city in many ways. Take the Potrero Hill neighborhood: “Potrero” is a Spanish word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2646px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11908448\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission.png\" alt=\"Two black and white photos. The on top shows the Mission District without much development. The bottom photo was taken 35 years later and far more houses dot the horizon.\" width=\"2646\" height=\"930\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission.png 2646w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-800x281.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-1020x359.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-160x56.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-1536x540.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-2048x720.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/1891-mission-1920x675.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2646px) 100vw, 2646px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two photos of the Mission District. The top image is from 1856, the bottom from 1891. Both were taken near Harrison and 16th streets. \u003ccite>(San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That means the place where you keep the horses and other animals, four-legged animals, cattle,” Cordova said. “And there were many slaughterhouses in that area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanneries and shoe factories opened in Potrero Hill, too. A lot of Latinx residents living in the Latin Quarter got jobs at those slaughterhouses and factories and moved to the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across town, coffee brands like Hills Brothers and Folgers established warehouses along the Embarcadero and near Rincon Hill. They’d import the coffee from Central and South America and employ Latinx people living here who knew their way around coffee production. These large employers meant that at the end of the 1800s and during the turn of the 20th century, most of San Francisco’s Latinx residents lived in what we now know as North Beach, in Potrero Hill and near Rincon Hill. Soon more manufacturing would emerge in the Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the oldest companies here in San Francisco was Levi Strauss,” Cordova said. “And many Latinos, African Americans and Asian women actually worked there as seamstresses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Latinx folk were employed at the Levi Strauss factory at 14th and Valencia streets in the Mission, they didn’t live in the neighborhood yet. Most of the homes were owned by Irish, Italian and Russian immigrants who had settled in the Mission earlier. Twenty-Fourth Street, now the beating heart of latinidad in San Francisco, was an Irish stronghold in the early part of the 20th century, said Cordoba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until the 1930s that the Mission District as we’ve come to know it began to take shape. Families were trickling into the area for jobs already, but the trickle became a flood when work began on the Bay Bridge in 1933. One of the massive pillars was built right through the area where many Latinx residents lived, a place known as Rincon Annex. The project forced people to relocate their homes and businesses. First they moved to the Fillmore, and eventually into the Mission District. The makings of the barrio had begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Francisco booming (1940s-1950s)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>World War II was a boom time throughout the Bay Area, especially in shipbuilding and other war efforts. People from all over the country and world once again saw San Francisco as a place to find a good job, including people from Latin America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had already the connections,” said Cordoba. “People follow their relatives.” This is called a social migration network: People follow their friends and relatives to new opportunities in foreign lands. The new arrivals to San Francisco needed places to live, and they found vacancies in the Mission.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After World War II, there was a housing crisis. Soldiers returning from war needed places to live, and there wasn’t enough housing. Housing developers built large tracts of homes on the west side of San Francisco, in places like the Sunset District and Daly City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people who had been living in the Mission moved to these newly built neighborhoods. Latinx families, on the other hand, did not have the same opportunity. Redlining prevented them from buying in many places, and racist lending policies made it difficult for them to get the low-interest loans that white borrowers received. “The Irish and other white ethnic groups moved from the Mission, and then Latinos came to the Mission,” said Cordova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final factor pushing San Francisco’s Latinx residents into the Mission was the Broadway Tunnel. Its construction forced Latinx business owners to relocate their shops. Important businesses like Casa Sanchez and its tortilla chips — still a thriving business today — had to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When the Mission became a barrio (1960s-1970s)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Latinx folks were moving to the Mission and forming a community, they were watching another community in San Francisco be destroyed: the Fillmore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco City Hall had a thirst for “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">urban renewal,”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the practice of \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Fillmore_Redevelopment\">tearing down so-called “slums”\u003c/a> to make way for new development. Fillmore residents — part of a vibrant African American community — were forced out of their homes, often without much warning or adequate compensation from the city. They had to find new places to live, and many left San Francisco all together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Quite candidly, [the city] lied to the African American community,” said Roberto Hernandez, who was born and raised in the Mission, and remembers the destruction of the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the city had promised Fillmore residents they could move back after the neighborhood was rebuilt, it didn’t work out that way. High-cost condominiums and studio spaces were built in the neighborhood, and homes owned by Black families were destroyed. Black residents either couldn’t afford to move back, or had moved on with their lives. The Fillmore was never the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mid-’60s, textile factories were leaving the Mission for Asia or Latin America, where labor was cheaper. That exodus left the Mission spotted with empty lots and buildings. The city’s redevelopment agency targeted it for “improvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908241\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11908241 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-800x432.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-800x432.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-1020x551.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/24thStreet.jpg 1321w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission District Urban Design Study: 24th Street Station area section (1966) \u003ccite>(Erica Fischer/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city had a plan to introduce two BART stations along Mission Street. They planned to build massive high-rises with housing and offices and a plaza for commercial use. This urban-renewal plan was a red flag to Mission residents who didn’t want to see what happened in the Fillmore happen to them. Residents began organizing to fight the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mission Coalition Organization helped organize the community into “block clubs,” ready to mobilize with a word from their block captains. The block clubs became the foundation of a larger movement for Mission residents to decide what support their community needed and how to work together to get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a beautiful time to see how well-organized the whole neighborhood [was],” Hernandez said. “I felt like it was like Godzilla vs. Bambi because of the power that their redevelopment had at the time was to come in and literally wipe out communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This form of organizing was a huge success. It brought the community together and got everyone involved. And the Mission community needed that unity to fight the city over the redevelopment plan. Ultimately, the mayor at the time, Joe Alioto, gave into their sustained protests, and he listened to the Mission organizers who had their own ideas about what would help revitalize the community and support its residents. Winning the fight not only saved the Mission from redevelopment, it solidified a feeling of unity among residents proudly displaying their cultural identities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Mission of now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11908471\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria.jpg\" alt=\"A neon sign reading La Victoria flickers above a glass window with rows of baked goods layed out behind it. A yellow, green and red sign sticks out from the corner of the building advertising abarrotes y reposteria.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/la-victoria-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panaderías, or bakeries, like La Victoria are a staple in the Mission District now. \u003ccite>(Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two BART stations were built in the Mission, and homes and businesses were destroyed to make room for the 16th and 24th street stations. A McDonald’s opened at the corner of Mission and 24th. But a majority of the Mission survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s even more meaningful because [of] knowing what we as a community were able to stop,” Hernandez said, referring to the destruction of the Fillmore District. “And unfortunately, when we look today at how it wiped out the African American community, we would have been wiped out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The residents of the Mission had pushed for the right to decide what happened in their community and won. That power carried them forward as they developed plans to invest in the well-being of its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood also got federal funding through the Model Cities Program, which helped support the projects they’d outlined to city leaders. They used the funding for employment, education, and legal and housing services. Important Mission organizations still working to support the community, like the Mission Hiring Hall and the Mission Housing Development Corporation, got their start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After winning the redevelopment fight, the Mission has continued to grow and change. New immigrants arrived, notably Salvadorans and Nicaraguans who were fleeing wars at home. Organizers like Hernandez created public celebrations of Latinx identity that brought neighbors from different backgrounds together to celebrate their unique identities. Cinco de Mayo, Carnival and Fiesta de las Americas all bring the city to the Mission in celebration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11908239\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11908239 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-1020x735.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-1536x1106.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-2048x1475.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/IMG_9034-1920x1383.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Aztec dancer looks above the trees on 24th Street, during a blessing of the altars on 24th and Folsom streets to start Día de los Muertos in the Mission District, San Francisco, on Sunday, Nov. 1, 2020. \u003ccite>(Sebastian Miño-Bucheli/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When I travel to the Mission District today, and I walk up the BART stairs, I’m grateful for my elders who fought to preserve this community. I love when I catch a glimpse of a lowrider, or hear snippets of cumbia music floating out from the shops. The smells, the colors, the sound of Spanish being spoken — this is where I can express my latinidad proudly. This is the Mission to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even this version isn’t safe. The Mission District is gentrifying, Hernandez said, and it’s time to get organized once again in defense of home. But for now, this barrio still stands, strong and loud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How the Filbert Steps Came to Be an Oasis in San Francisco",
"headTitle": "How the Filbert Steps Came to Be an Oasis in San Francisco | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>There’s a reason tourists love to visit Coit Tower and Telegraph Hill. It’s ridiculously charming — old houses tucked up on impossibly steep streets, lush greenery all around, sweeping views of the bay \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11185731/where-did-the-wild-parrots-of-san-francisco-come-from\">and if you’re lucky — parrots\u003c/a>! This iconic spot is one of the older parts of San Francisco, and it’s got that old-world charm that’s hard to replicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/heatherknight/article/Isn-t-it-incredible-Climbing-S-F-s-15585110.php\">There are over 900 sets of steps in San Francisco\u003c/a>, but two of the most famous are on Telegraph Hill: the Greenwich steps and the Filbert steps. They’re both postcard-perfect, but the Filbert steps got a national spotlight in the 1980s, which made them extra famous (we’ll get to that story in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907460\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a red t-shirt, sunglasses and backpack poses on a set of wooden steps with a lush garden to his right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Curious listener Eric Johnson poses on the Filbert steps. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eric Johnson lives in the Mission District and knew the Filbert steps were a thing. So, during the COVID-19 pandemic when he wasn’t traveling and wanted that tourist feeling closer to home, he and his partner decided to see what all the fuss was about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We came here, we hiked up to the top and we were just wondering out loud, what is it like to live here?” Eric said. “I want to know about the rules [for] living here because [the steps are] always so well decorated, either with flowers or with lights at Christmas. So I want to know what it’s like to live here in this neighborhood?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric’s question won a Bay Curious public voting round, so clearly a lot of people are wondering the same thing. (Psst … \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">submit your question to us\u003c/a> and it just might get picked!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met up with Eric at the bottom of the Filbert steps, just off Sansome Street near Levi’s Plaza, to make the climb and meet some folks who live on the steps. What we discovered was a deep history of community and service, and a battle that landed the steps in prime-time news.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are there rules for living on the steps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When we first started up the steps, I didn’t see the appeal. Near Sansome Street, which used to be an industrial area with a popcorn factory and railroad running through it, the steps are made of concrete rising steeply up against a rocky cliff sporting graffiti. But as we climbed higher, I caught glimpses of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, we were standing at the bottom of a set of wooden steps, old wooden cottages off to the right and a lush green garden running along the left side of the stairway. About halfway up, we came to a sign that said “Napier Lane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane.jpg\" alt=\"A boardwalk with old wooden cottages to the right and a bank of greenery to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Napier Lane is one of the few streets that intersects the Filbert steps as they wind up Telegraph Hill. It’s a small boardwalk lined with cottages built in the 1850s. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Napier Lane is a boardwalk that intersects the steps about halfway up. It’s lined with cute wooden cottages, some of the oldest homes in San Francisco. In the 1850s, longshoremen lived in these cottages. They’d look up to the semaphore on the top of Telegraph Hill to see which ships were coming into San Francisco’s harbor and what they carried. Then they’d rush down the steps to help unload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These homes even survived the 1906 earthquake and fire that devastated much of San Francisco. There were \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/thesemaphore2016summer214/page/n7/mode/2up\">many Italian families living here at the time\u003c/a>, the story goes, and they made their own wine. When the first fires ignited south of Market Street and headed toward them, the people dipped burlap sacks in the wine and covered their roofs, preventing floating embers from catching fire on the wooden shingles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 943px\">\u003ca href=\"https://opensfhistory.org/Display/wnp24.227a.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo with horse and buggy in the foreground. In the background, a wooden staircase climbs a steep, barren hill with a few low houses on it.\" width=\"943\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a.jpg 943w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a-800x848.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a-160x170.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Filbert steps circa 1890, before Coit Tower was built. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://opensfhistory.org/Display/wnp24.227a.jpg\">OpenSFHistory\u003c/a>/wnp24.227a)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is where we met up with Larry Habegger and Paula McCabe, who are married and have lived on the steps for decades. We asked them if there are any homeowners association-style rules for living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no expectations other than taking out your garbage and your trash like everybody else in the city,” laughed McCabe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What about getting a pizza delivered?” Eric asked. “Do you have them come all the way up the steps to your door? And if so, how many digits is the tip that you give them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really big tippers,” said Habegger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other common questions the couple often field: “Do you really have to walk up or down the stairs for everything?” (Yes. There’s no hidden back alley for a car.) “How do you move?” (It was a pain, but they only had to do it once.) “Do they get mail?” (Yes. Henry is a lovely mail carrier and very dedicated.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keeping the steps beautiful\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a communal spirit to the Filbert steps neighborhood that comes out in voluntary acts of kindness, we learned. For example, one Christmas, a local couple strung twinkling lights all the way from the bottom of the steps up to Coit Tower. Their neighbors provided electrical hookups along the way, and sat back to enjoy the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A long-term and beloved resident of Napier Lane, Grace Marchant, may be the inspiration for some of these acts of service. Grace moved to the Filbert steps with her daughter, Valletta, in 1935. She was originally from South Dakota, but moved to Long Beach as a young woman to work as a stuntperson in the film industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she first moved to the Filbert steps, they weren’t nearly so charming. In fact, many local residents used the hillside across from Napier Lane as an unofficial trash heap. Everything from tires to old furniture would end up on the hill. As she got older, Grace liked to get outside and beautify the hillside. She found it helped with her aches and pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized.jpg\" alt=\"An older woman in lose fitting pants and a red blouse stands with her hand resting on a fence that surrounds a lush green garden stretching out behind her.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace Marchant poses in front of the garden she created along the Filbert steps, in 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Habegger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She got these little baby tears and she was just beautifying right outside her door,” Habegger said. “Then she started hauling the debris off the hill because she thought, ‘OK, why don’t I do the cliffside out here?’ So she turned the junkyard into a fabulous rose garden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace planted those first baby tears (a moss-like plant with tiny detailed leaves) in 1949. Now, the hillside is an oasis of fuchsias and roses planted into the steep terrain. A wooden gate separates the garden from the steps and paths wend their way through the lush growth. This isn’t the type of garden with green grass or benches. It feels more wild and free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907466\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized.jpeg\" alt=\"A profusion of red roses bloom in a lush garden.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grace Marchant Garden in the spring when the roses are in bloom. The shot looks back toward Napier Lane from inside the garden. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Habegger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This garden is what lured Habegger to the steps 45 years ago. He was out for a walk with a friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was this stairway going up the side of the hill and we thought, ‘I wonder what’s up there?'” Habegger said. “Of course, we walk up the cliff and we come to this enchanting garden with butterflies and hummingbirds and roses everywhere, and the boardwalk and cottages and on the spot I thought, ‘I’ve got to live here.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got his chance a few years later when another friend saw a sign (on the exact house Habegger picked out for himself) advertising “Roommate Wanted.” Habegger was traveling out of the country at the time, but his friend called the number on the sign and insisted that the guy wait until Habegger got back before filling the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the guy decided to wait till I got back.” Habegger said. “[I] called him. We got together and said, ‘Yeah, let’s do it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habegger and his new roommate, Gary Kray, lived next door to Grace Marchant, who was quite old by this time. Kray would help Grace in the garden, learning how to care for her beloved roses. Grace passed away in 1982 at the age of 96, leaving Kray to care for the garden. Grace had maintained the garden for 33 years and Kray would go on to do the same for another 33 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1706px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907467\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A posed photo of an older woman in a witch costume holding a broom. Next to her is a younger man with a mustache looks down fondly at the woman.\" width=\"1706\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-scaled.jpeg 1706w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-800x1200.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-1020x1531.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-1365x2048.jpeg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace Marchant, dressed in a witch costume, stands with Gary Kray, her gardening protégé, circa 1980. Gary used to plan a big Halloween event every year, placing jack-o’-lanterns in the garden. It got so popular, they had to abandon the tradition. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Habegger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A development battle that made the steps famous\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is a tight-knit community with a lot of pride in what Grace built. So when rumors started circulating not long after she died that a neighbor intended to demolish his cottage and build a much bigger home that would ruin the garden, it ruffled some feathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A property owner here wanted to build a large house, take over a big portion of the garden, more or less turn the place into his private garden,” Habegger said. “Gary and I got the neighborhood involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two men saw the garden as Grace’s legacy. They started organizing an opposition movement, getting the Telegraph Hill Dwellers neighborhood group, City Hall, the Trust for Public Land and the people of San Francisco involved in the fight. They thought their best shot would be to buy the property from the owner and put an easement on the garden to protect it for the public. But they needed money for the plan to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We sold figurative square inches of the garden for $10,” Habegger said. “And we thought we’d raise a couple of hundred bucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, 4,000 individual donors from all over San Francisco and beyond contributed. Their cause also got press attention, both locally and nationally. In the end, the \u003ca href=\"https://gracemarchantgarden.com/\">Friends of the Garden\u003c/a> nonprofit they created raised more than $200,000 from individuals and foundations. They saved the garden and named it after Grace. But all the publicity they got came with a price — it made the steps famous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That changed things a lot,” Habegger said. Before the publicized battle, only locals knew about the steps. “And after that campaign … it got in all the guidebooks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, Habegger says the steps are pretty quiet. That’s what he and McCabe like about living here. Tourists walk by, but for the most part they’re respectful. Habegger and McCabe wouldn’t trade it for somewhere easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not your normal city environment. You walk down a wooden stairway, you walk along a wooden boardwalk and then you’re home. I mean, it’s really kind of 19th-century living in a modern age,” Habegger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A changing city\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Habegger has lived on the Filbert steps since 1977. Paula McCabe has been there since the early ’90s. Most of their neighbors have equally long tenures. But the couple says they are seeing some of the changes endemic to San Francisco in their neighborhood, too. Back in the ’70s and ’80s, the city wasn’t an exclusive place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized.jpeg\" alt=\"A woman with recording equipment stands in a garden interviewing two middle aged people in hats.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-1536x864.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED’s Katrina Schwartz (center) interviews Larry Habegger (left) and Paula McCabe in the Grace Marchant Garden. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Eric Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a very creative community here, a lot of artists and musicians and such,” Habegger said. “And you know, back then, things didn’t turn over very fast. And in fact, a lot of it was rental.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when a big landlord in the area died and his kids sold off his assets. Now, most people in the neighborhood own, and if something goes up for sale, only the rich can afford it. Because the places are small, and kind of a novelty, folks with the money buy them as pieds-à-terre. They don’t live in them full time, which makes it feel a little less neighborhoody, McCabe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Grace Marchant Garden, McCabe is now the volunteer caretaker. Gary Kray died in 2012, passing the torch to her. She uses funds from the Friends of the Garden nonprofit to buy supplies, and donates her time to keep the garden looking nice. It’s her way of paying homage to the spirits of Grace and Gary, two people who loved this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Filbert steps on San Francisco's Telegraph Hill are an oasis of lush greenery. But what's it like to live on steps? And how did this area get so charming? ",
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"description": "The Filbert steps on San Francisco's Telegraph Hill are an oasis of lush greenery. But what's it like to live on steps? And how did this area get so charming? ",
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"subhead": "And, what's it like to live on the Filbert Steps?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s a reason tourists love to visit Coit Tower and Telegraph Hill. It’s ridiculously charming — old houses tucked up on impossibly steep streets, lush greenery all around, sweeping views of the bay \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11185731/where-did-the-wild-parrots-of-san-francisco-come-from\">and if you’re lucky — parrots\u003c/a>! This iconic spot is one of the older parts of San Francisco, and it’s got that old-world charm that’s hard to replicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/heatherknight/article/Isn-t-it-incredible-Climbing-S-F-s-15585110.php\">There are over 900 sets of steps in San Francisco\u003c/a>, but two of the most famous are on Telegraph Hill: the Greenwich steps and the Filbert steps. They’re both postcard-perfect, but the Filbert steps got a national spotlight in the 1980s, which made them extra famous (we’ll get to that story in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907460\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a red t-shirt, sunglasses and backpack poses on a set of wooden steps with a lush garden to his right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Eric-Johnson-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Curious listener Eric Johnson poses on the Filbert steps. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eric Johnson lives in the Mission District and knew the Filbert steps were a thing. So, during the COVID-19 pandemic when he wasn’t traveling and wanted that tourist feeling closer to home, he and his partner decided to see what all the fuss was about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We came here, we hiked up to the top and we were just wondering out loud, what is it like to live here?” Eric said. “I want to know about the rules [for] living here because [the steps are] always so well decorated, either with flowers or with lights at Christmas. So I want to know what it’s like to live here in this neighborhood?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric’s question won a Bay Curious public voting round, so clearly a lot of people are wondering the same thing. (Psst … \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">submit your question to us\u003c/a> and it just might get picked!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met up with Eric at the bottom of the Filbert steps, just off Sansome Street near Levi’s Plaza, to make the climb and meet some folks who live on the steps. What we discovered was a deep history of community and service, and a battle that landed the steps in prime-time news.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are there rules for living on the steps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When we first started up the steps, I didn’t see the appeal. Near Sansome Street, which used to be an industrial area with a popcorn factory and railroad running through it, the steps are made of concrete rising steeply up against a rocky cliff sporting graffiti. But as we climbed higher, I caught glimpses of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, we were standing at the bottom of a set of wooden steps, old wooden cottages off to the right and a lush green garden running along the left side of the stairway. About halfway up, we came to a sign that said “Napier Lane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane.jpg\" alt=\"A boardwalk with old wooden cottages to the right and a bank of greenery to the right.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Napier-Lane-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Napier Lane is one of the few streets that intersects the Filbert steps as they wind up Telegraph Hill. It’s a small boardwalk lined with cottages built in the 1850s. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Napier Lane is a boardwalk that intersects the steps about halfway up. It’s lined with cute wooden cottages, some of the oldest homes in San Francisco. In the 1850s, longshoremen lived in these cottages. They’d look up to the semaphore on the top of Telegraph Hill to see which ships were coming into San Francisco’s harbor and what they carried. Then they’d rush down the steps to help unload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These homes even survived the 1906 earthquake and fire that devastated much of San Francisco. There were \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/thesemaphore2016summer214/page/n7/mode/2up\">many Italian families living here at the time\u003c/a>, the story goes, and they made their own wine. When the first fires ignited south of Market Street and headed toward them, the people dipped burlap sacks in the wine and covered their roofs, preventing floating embers from catching fire on the wooden shingles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 943px\">\u003ca href=\"https://opensfhistory.org/Display/wnp24.227a.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo with horse and buggy in the foreground. In the background, a wooden staircase climbs a steep, barren hill with a few low houses on it.\" width=\"943\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a.jpg 943w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a-800x848.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/opensfhistory_wnp24.227a-160x170.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Filbert steps circa 1890, before Coit Tower was built. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://opensfhistory.org/Display/wnp24.227a.jpg\">OpenSFHistory\u003c/a>/wnp24.227a)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is where we met up with Larry Habegger and Paula McCabe, who are married and have lived on the steps for decades. We asked them if there are any homeowners association-style rules for living here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no expectations other than taking out your garbage and your trash like everybody else in the city,” laughed McCabe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What about getting a pizza delivered?” Eric asked. “Do you have them come all the way up the steps to your door? And if so, how many digits is the tip that you give them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really big tippers,” said Habegger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other common questions the couple often field: “Do you really have to walk up or down the stairs for everything?” (Yes. There’s no hidden back alley for a car.) “How do you move?” (It was a pain, but they only had to do it once.) “Do they get mail?” (Yes. Henry is a lovely mail carrier and very dedicated.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keeping the steps beautiful\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s a communal spirit to the Filbert steps neighborhood that comes out in voluntary acts of kindness, we learned. For example, one Christmas, a local couple strung twinkling lights all the way from the bottom of the steps up to Coit Tower. Their neighbors provided electrical hookups along the way, and sat back to enjoy the show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A long-term and beloved resident of Napier Lane, Grace Marchant, may be the inspiration for some of these acts of service. Grace moved to the Filbert steps with her daughter, Valletta, in 1935. She was originally from South Dakota, but moved to Long Beach as a young woman to work as a stuntperson in the film industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she first moved to the Filbert steps, they weren’t nearly so charming. In fact, many local residents used the hillside across from Napier Lane as an unofficial trash heap. Everything from tires to old furniture would end up on the hill. As she got older, Grace liked to get outside and beautify the hillside. She found it helped with her aches and pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized.jpg\" alt=\"An older woman in lose fitting pants and a red blouse stands with her hand resting on a fence that surrounds a lush green garden stretching out behind her.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-Marchant_1980-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace Marchant poses in front of the garden she created along the Filbert steps, in 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Habegger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She got these little baby tears and she was just beautifying right outside her door,” Habegger said. “Then she started hauling the debris off the hill because she thought, ‘OK, why don’t I do the cliffside out here?’ So she turned the junkyard into a fabulous rose garden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace planted those first baby tears (a moss-like plant with tiny detailed leaves) in 1949. Now, the hillside is an oasis of fuchsias and roses planted into the steep terrain. A wooden gate separates the garden from the steps and paths wend their way through the lush growth. This isn’t the type of garden with green grass or benches. It feels more wild and free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907466\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized.jpeg\" alt=\"A profusion of red roses bloom in a lush garden.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/GMG-May-302021-sized-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grace Marchant Garden in the spring when the roses are in bloom. The shot looks back toward Napier Lane from inside the garden. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Habegger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This garden is what lured Habegger to the steps 45 years ago. He was out for a walk with a friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was this stairway going up the side of the hill and we thought, ‘I wonder what’s up there?'” Habegger said. “Of course, we walk up the cliff and we come to this enchanting garden with butterflies and hummingbirds and roses everywhere, and the boardwalk and cottages and on the spot I thought, ‘I’ve got to live here.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got his chance a few years later when another friend saw a sign (on the exact house Habegger picked out for himself) advertising “Roommate Wanted.” Habegger was traveling out of the country at the time, but his friend called the number on the sign and insisted that the guy wait until Habegger got back before filling the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the guy decided to wait till I got back.” Habegger said. “[I] called him. We got together and said, ‘Yeah, let’s do it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habegger and his new roommate, Gary Kray, lived next door to Grace Marchant, who was quite old by this time. Kray would help Grace in the garden, learning how to care for her beloved roses. Grace passed away in 1982 at the age of 96, leaving Kray to care for the garden. Grace had maintained the garden for 33 years and Kray would go on to do the same for another 33 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1706px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907467\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A posed photo of an older woman in a witch costume holding a broom. Next to her is a younger man with a mustache looks down fondly at the woman.\" width=\"1706\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-scaled.jpeg 1706w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-800x1200.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-1020x1531.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Grace-and-Gary-Kray-sized-1365x2048.jpeg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grace Marchant, dressed in a witch costume, stands with Gary Kray, her gardening protégé, circa 1980. Gary used to plan a big Halloween event every year, placing jack-o’-lanterns in the garden. It got so popular, they had to abandon the tradition. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Larry Habegger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A development battle that made the steps famous\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is a tight-knit community with a lot of pride in what Grace built. So when rumors started circulating not long after she died that a neighbor intended to demolish his cottage and build a much bigger home that would ruin the garden, it ruffled some feathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A property owner here wanted to build a large house, take over a big portion of the garden, more or less turn the place into his private garden,” Habegger said. “Gary and I got the neighborhood involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two men saw the garden as Grace’s legacy. They started organizing an opposition movement, getting the Telegraph Hill Dwellers neighborhood group, City Hall, the Trust for Public Land and the people of San Francisco involved in the fight. They thought their best shot would be to buy the property from the owner and put an easement on the garden to protect it for the public. But they needed money for the plan to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We sold figurative square inches of the garden for $10,” Habegger said. “And we thought we’d raise a couple of hundred bucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, 4,000 individual donors from all over San Francisco and beyond contributed. Their cause also got press attention, both locally and nationally. In the end, the \u003ca href=\"https://gracemarchantgarden.com/\">Friends of the Garden\u003c/a> nonprofit they created raised more than $200,000 from individuals and foundations. They saved the garden and named it after Grace. But all the publicity they got came with a price — it made the steps famous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That changed things a lot,” Habegger said. Before the publicized battle, only locals knew about the steps. “And after that campaign … it got in all the guidebooks,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, Habegger says the steps are pretty quiet. That’s what he and McCabe like about living here. Tourists walk by, but for the most part they’re respectful. Habegger and McCabe wouldn’t trade it for somewhere easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not your normal city environment. You walk down a wooden stairway, you walk along a wooden boardwalk and then you’re home. I mean, it’s really kind of 19th-century living in a modern age,” Habegger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A changing city\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Habegger has lived on the Filbert steps since 1977. Paula McCabe has been there since the early ’90s. Most of their neighbors have equally long tenures. But the couple says they are seeing some of the changes endemic to San Francisco in their neighborhood, too. Back in the ’70s and ’80s, the city wasn’t an exclusive place to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11907478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized.jpeg\" alt=\"A woman with recording equipment stands in a garden interviewing two middle aged people in hats.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/Larry-Paula-me-sized-1536x864.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED’s Katrina Schwartz (center) interviews Larry Habegger (left) and Paula McCabe in the Grace Marchant Garden. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Eric Johnson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a very creative community here, a lot of artists and musicians and such,” Habegger said. “And you know, back then, things didn’t turn over very fast. And in fact, a lot of it was rental.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when a big landlord in the area died and his kids sold off his assets. Now, most people in the neighborhood own, and if something goes up for sale, only the rich can afford it. Because the places are small, and kind of a novelty, folks with the money buy them as pieds-à-terre. They don’t live in them full time, which makes it feel a little less neighborhoody, McCabe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Grace Marchant Garden, McCabe is now the volunteer caretaker. Gary Kray died in 2012, passing the torch to her. She uses funds from the Friends of the Garden nonprofit to buy supplies, and donates her time to keep the garden looking nice. It’s her way of paying homage to the spirits of Grace and Gary, two people who loved this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Sordid Saga of San Francisco's Trash Cans",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Au\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>g. 5 Update: \u003c/strong>As of August 2026, San Francisco has rolled out 18 of the new trash cans across city streets as part of a pilot project to see how they perform in the real world. The chosen design was the soft silhouette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people who serviced the cans liked it best,” said Rachel Gordon, spokesperson for the Department of Public Works. “We saw that it was easier to maintain, and it also was the clear favorite with the members of the public who weighed in on the three trash cans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pilot, the city made adjustments to the locking mechanism to increase sturdiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the main criteria we wanted with the new trash cans that they’re going to be hard to break into. Not impossible, but just more difficult,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the next few weeks the design will be finalized and an order will be placed for mass production of the new trash cans in China. By the end of 2026, about 3,000 are expected to be on San Francisco streets, replacing approximately 2,500 of the older trash cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s trash cans have problems. From debris littering the streets around them, to the — more often than not — broken recycling compartments, these green garbage receptacles are past their intended life span. San Francisco is nearing the end of a years-long replacement process designed (in part) to clean up San Francisco’s streets, and years of corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The dirty backstory behind the ubiquitous green cans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since first appearing on San Francisco streets in 1993, the current cans — called “renaissance cans” by city officials — have been a sore spot for neighborhood groups and officials like District 6 Supervisor Matt Haney, who says, “Sometimes [the trash cans are] part of the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A walk through any of San Francisco’s dense neighborhoods reveals a slew of issues surrounding trash. Rachel Gordon, spokesperson for the Department of Public Works, says that her department picks up “about 90,000 pounds of litter and debris a week” from the streets of San Francisco and knows that the old cans just aren’t up to the job anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11907001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘renaissance’ trash can surrounded by garbage in San Francisco’s Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Christopher J. Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of the issue with these cans has to do with the maintenance of them, which the city contracts out to a third party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contract for these [renaissance] trash cans came about in a way that very possibly could have been corrupt,” said Supervisor Haney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walter Wong was a permit expediter in San Francisco who pleaded guilty in 2020 to charges of conspiracy. He — and then-director of the Department of Public Works, Mohammed Nuru — worked together to trade city contracts for gifts. The contract to maintain San Francisco’s trash cans went to a company called Alternate Choice LLC — owned by a family member of Wong — in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907005\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11907005\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘big belly’ trash can in District 6. \u003ccite>(Christopher J. Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City supervisors like Haney tried for years to get the trash cans in their districts replaced with newer, more effective models but say it was Nuru who stood in the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was adamant in his protection of these broken trash cans. And I think it was pretty clear that he was protecting his buddies who were giving us really crappy cans,” Haney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong is now participating with federal investigators in the corruption probe against Nuru, who pleaded guilty to federal corruption charges earlier this year after being arrested and indicted in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The road to the perfect can\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nuru did eventually set into motion a process to replace San Francisco’s green renaissance cans with some new ones. But, off-the-rack cans — the kind you might find in another American city — weren’t considered suitable for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Public Works want something tamper-proof, with wheels on the inner can so workers won’t get hurt emptying them, and a sensor that can tell when they’re full. Oh, and they have to be attractive. The department commissioned a custom-designed can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prototypes will cost an estimated $12,000 each and will be fabricated locally and tested alongside some off-the-rack designs. Gordon says the prototypes do cost a lot of money. “I don’t think anyone can say otherwise. But will it be money well spent? We hope so,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After prototyping, the selected can’s manufacturing is expected to cost less than half of the prototype, which is comparable to the price paid in other U.S. cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11907012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-800x402.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-800x402.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-1020x512.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-160x80.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-1536x771.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-2048x1028.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-1920x964.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The three trash can prototypes that will be created and tested in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Institute for Creative Integration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This new-can-selection process has its critics. Supervisor Haney said, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Ultimately, San Francisco shouldn’t be in the trash can making business. The conditions that we face on our streets are not fundamentally different than an LA and New York, or Chicago, D.C., Oakland, and there is plenty of data that we can look at in terms of prototypes, but here we are.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The new cans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Three new trash can prototypes are being considered, with hopes they can solve many of the problems presented by the current cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salt & Pepper has a durable frame with minimal surface area for graffiti, the Slim Silhouette features a slim profile for less of a sidewalk footprint, and the Soft Square adds a foot pedal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work of making the new trash cans was just handed off from industrial designers to the team at APROE (Advanced Prototype Engineering), a shop founded by San Francisco native Mose O’Griffin. “I went to Galileo High School. I founded this shop in 2006 and it’s been a long, slow crawl to get here. So I’m really proud of what it’s become,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Griffin and his team will take the designs made by the industrial designers and turn them into engineering drawings, the kind that can be used to create actual objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Griffin says every step in the process for creating a unique, one-of-a-kind trash can is being priced out, but “we’re going to try as hard as we can to, to stay within the bounds of those shapes and materials [outlined by the industrial designers], selections, and all those things, and try to figure out how to get them manufactured for the prices that they’ve set out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new cans will be out on the street testing in different neighborhoods as soon as they are done, but there’s no official word on exactly when that will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of dysfunction, corruption and politics, the end may be in sight for those unsightly green renaissance trash cans. Will the next generation of cans clean up San Francisco’s streets? Well, not unless our behavior as citizens changes, says Gordon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So let’s set public expectations. Garbage cans, new or old, are not going to clean up the streets of San Francisco, but it’s a tool to help us keep the city clean,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest is up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price (on a SF street): Just walk around any neighborhood in San Francisco, like the Mission where I am right now and you’ll see them. 4 feet tall, green, made of metal. They are (drumroll) … San Francisco’s trash cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my experience, you can never seem to find one when you are looking for it, and when you do find one…it will often be surrounded by trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re usually broken in some way, which seems like quite a feat – like how do you even break a trash can? But there’s this recycling container at the top that gets busted, and then anything you try to recycle falls into the trash can below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These trash cans got our question asker Matt Leonard wondering …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: What’s the deal with San Francisco’s trash cans? Why are they so unwieldy and why does it seem like it’s so hard to get them replaced?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: I have some good news for Matt. San Francisco is in the process of replacing about 2,500 of these old city trash cans with a sleek new design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s been a long road, littered with obstacles to get here as we found out in 2022 when Bay Curious first reported on the cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In honor of the new models hitting the streets in a neighborhood near you, we’re going to reair a refreshed version of that episode – and share some updates at the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Reporter Christopher Beale got the down and dirty on San Francisco’s trash cans for our question asker Matt…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Matt, this story is crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: Really?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Oh gosh, let me just break down what I found out so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, these big green trash cans we have now have been in place since 1993. San Francisco officials call them Renaissance Cans, and in the almost 30 years since their installation they have certainly had their detractors, like Matt Haney. I caught up with him in the Tenderloin back in 2022 when he was the District 6 supervisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Haney: You know, we’re a city that unfortunately has become known around the country and around the world for, dirty streets and sidewalks. And, there’s pretty much nothing more basic than a trash can. One of the frustrating things that I have experienced with our trash cans that we’ve had are that sometimes they’re part of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: The story of San Francisco’s trash cans started to go a little sideways in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale (on phone): I don’t know if you’ve heard the name Walter Wong. If that name rings a bell?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: Recently indicted or something, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale (on phone) Ding, ding, ding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: Yeah\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsclip 1 – “Tonight, a strange twist in the San Francisco corruption probe. Our investigative unit has learned the city bought $5 million worth of public garbage cans from a vendor with ties to ousted public works director Mohammed Nuru.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsclip 2 – Cans that one supervisor say make the city’s litter problem, worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Walter Wong was a permit expediter in San Francisco who pleaded guilty in 2020 to charges of conspiracy. He—and then Department of Public Works director Mohammed Nuru—worked together to trade City contracts for gifts…it’s messy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway… so Wong has a family member who owned a company called Alternate Choice LLC who made and maintained…you guessed it…Trash Cans! See where I’m going here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: This is what I was wondering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Oh yes, the story of San Francisco’s dysfunctional trash cans, past, present, and even future are tied directly to Walter Wong, and Mohammed Nuru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: This is like The Sopranos mafia. You know, they control the trash that’s insane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Permit expediter Wong cooperated with federal officials in the corruption case against Nuru. Wong and his companies ultimately paid about one and a half million dollars to the city because they violated ethics laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Haney: The contract for these trash cans came about in a way that, very possibly could have been corrupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: After their installation, city supervisors complained about the poorly maintained trash cans but Nuru defended them, refusing to buy alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Haney: He was adamant in his protection of these broken trash cans. And I think it was pretty clear that he was protecting his buddies who were giving us really crappy cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Ultimately, Mohammed Nuru was sentenced to 7 years in federal prison for honest services wire fraud – which is legal speak for taking bribes or offering kickbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the Department of Public Works, under new leadership, ventured forward trying to fix the trash can situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I want to bring in Rachel Gordon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: Spokesperson for San Francisco Public Works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: She shares Supervisor Haney’s frustration with the condition of San Francisco’s messy streets but says it’s vandals who are to blame for the used and abused trash cans…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: Folks like to do things like take the doors off, break the locks, ravage through them, scavenging looking for cans and bottles. Graffiti of them, knock them over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Rachel says the department of public works has been working for years to try and find solutions to the trash can problems in the City. Things like removing trash cans in certain areas, putting more trash cans in others and even installing sensors to tell DPW when a can is full. And that data that will ultimately be used to pick where to put the next generation of trash cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: The bigger issue is how do we change behavior of people not trashing San Francisco in the first place? Like that’s a big challenge. I don’t have the magic wand for that. How do you get it in someone’s head that it’s not okay to litter. We got into a mindset with some people and certainly not all in San Francisco where they think you put it on the sidewalk and then we’ll get picked up. In San Francisco, public works picks up about 90,000 pounds of litter and debris a week from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: That’s from the streets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: It’s from the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Goodness, that is a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: We have been looking at other cans and we have been trying other cans in the city. Uh, we haven’t found one that’s going to be the perfect can yet for San Francisco. Are we going to get to the perfect can? We don’t know that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: The perfect can is the goal. And whether it’s possible or not, the Department of Public Works is trying to get there. No off-the-shelf cans – like what you might see in any other American city – were deemed suitable. So the department commissioned a custom designed can with some really specific ideas about what it should do and look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wanted something tamper proof. With wheels on the inner can can so workers don’t get hurt emptying them. A sensor that can tell when they’re full. Oh, and they have to be gorgeous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the blog post for this episode of Bay Curious there are some photos of the new trash can prototypes. One is called a soft square and has a little foot pedal on it. There is the elegant—for a trash can—Slim Silhouette and the Salt & Pepper that looks like a giant salt shaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These cans are sleek, they are modern, and they are designed to solve a lot of the problems we have with the current renaissance cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: When we return, we take a trip to where the prototype trash cans were being made and learn which one is being rolled out on city streets today. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sponsor Messages\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: San Francisco Public Works was considering three trash cans designs, the Soft Square, the Slim Silhouette and the Salt & Pepper. Christopher Beale takes us behind the scenes as they make a prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: The prototype cans are actually being made right here in San Francisco. The work is being done by this engineering Firm called A-P-R-O-E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: Advanced Prototype Engineering, but we say aye-pro-ee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: That’s Mose O’Griffin, he is the founder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: I went to Galileo high school here in San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: He opened this shop in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: It’s been a long, slow crawl to get here. So I’m really proud of what it’s become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Mose gave me a little tour of his design shop where some really specific parts—like some that may eventually be created for the new trash cans–were being created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: This is a CNC milling machine. So it’s a computer controlled cutting machine. This is a milling machine. Over on the side, here was a lathe.These are kind of the workhorse machine tools. If you find a machine shop there’s mostly mills and lades, there are a lot of other really specific machines, but these are the more generic ones that can make lots and lots of different shapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Mose and his crew will be working to create real trash cans from those prototype drawings…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: Those are from an industrial design firm. And industrial designers, their specialty is how do humans interact with shapes and how, you know, what are the right kinds of materials? They certainly do some level of, of engineering design, but, uh, we’re going to be doing the in-depth mechanical design. So the, what you said is correct where we’re taking those designs that we have been given, and we’re going to try as hard as we can to, to stay within the bounds of those shapes and material selections, and all those things, and try to figure out how to get them manufactured for, for the prices that they’ve they’ve outlined for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: They’ll get that info figured out, and then the real work of making San Francisco’s new trash cans begins. And it’s worth noting that all of the work outside this shop is also being done by local businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: The local piece is huge. In terms of the ability of the residents of SF to come up with a really cool trashcan that you won’t see in any other city, that’s pretty cool, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Since this story aired, those prototypes made by APROE spent some time on city streets and ultimately a best can was chosen…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon with the big reveal…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: We selected the slim silhouette…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: It’s tall and wide, but, as the name says, slim – so it doesn’t take up too much walking space on the sidewalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: … the people who serviced the cans liked it best. We saw that it was easier to maintain, that means to be able to clean off graffiti as an example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: There are currently 18 of these slim silhouette trash cans peppered all around the city as part of a pilot program. The city wants to see how they perform, and make any final adjustments to the design before placing a big order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: So we’re liking what we’re seeing. We have made some tweaks to the locking mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Next step, the city will start getting the trash cans mass produced in China, and ultimately you’ll find about 3,000 of them around town. The price per can, by the way, came out to about $1,400 – very comparable to the price of off-the-shelf cans, Rachel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a saga, but looks like we are close to putting a lid on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s story was reported by Christopher Beale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to our listener Matt for asking this week’s question, and thanks also to the many members of KQED who listen to the podcast. Your support means everything. If you’re not a member yet, consider becoming one. All it takes is a donation. Whatever is comfortable for your budget. You can get started at donate.kqed.org/podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED. Our show is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale, and me, Olivia Allen-Price. We get extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien, Ethan Toven-Lindsey, and everyone on Team KQED. Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a great week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>View the full episode transcript.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Au\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>g. 5 Update: \u003c/strong>As of August 2026, San Francisco has rolled out 18 of the new trash cans across city streets as part of a pilot project to see how they perform in the real world. The chosen design was the soft silhouette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people who serviced the cans liked it best,” said Rachel Gordon, spokesperson for the Department of Public Works. “We saw that it was easier to maintain, and it also was the clear favorite with the members of the public who weighed in on the three trash cans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pilot, the city made adjustments to the locking mechanism to increase sturdiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the main criteria we wanted with the new trash cans that they’re going to be hard to break into. Not impossible, but just more difficult,” Gordon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the next few weeks the design will be finalized and an order will be placed for mass production of the new trash cans in China. By the end of 2026, about 3,000 are expected to be on San Francisco streets, replacing approximately 2,500 of the older trash cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s trash cans have problems. From debris littering the streets around them, to the — more often than not — broken recycling compartments, these green garbage receptacles are past their intended life span. San Francisco is nearing the end of a years-long replacement process designed (in part) to clean up San Francisco’s streets, and years of corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The dirty backstory behind the ubiquitous green cans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since first appearing on San Francisco streets in 1993, the current cans — called “renaissance cans” by city officials — have been a sore spot for neighborhood groups and officials like District 6 Supervisor Matt Haney, who says, “Sometimes [the trash cans are] part of the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A walk through any of San Francisco’s dense neighborhoods reveals a slew of issues surrounding trash. Rachel Gordon, spokesperson for the Department of Public Works, says that her department picks up “about 90,000 pounds of litter and debris a week” from the streets of San Francisco and knows that the old cans just aren’t up to the job anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11907001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220207_174614.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘renaissance’ trash can surrounded by garbage in San Francisco’s Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(Christopher J. Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part of the issue with these cans has to do with the maintenance of them, which the city contracts out to a third party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The contract for these [renaissance] trash cans came about in a way that very possibly could have been corrupt,” said Supervisor Haney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walter Wong was a permit expediter in San Francisco who pleaded guilty in 2020 to charges of conspiracy. He — and then-director of the Department of Public Works, Mohammed Nuru — worked together to trade city contracts for gifts. The contract to maintain San Francisco’s trash cans went to a company called Alternate Choice LLC — owned by a family member of Wong — in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907005\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11907005\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/20220205_105605-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘big belly’ trash can in District 6. \u003ccite>(Christopher J. Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City supervisors like Haney tried for years to get the trash cans in their districts replaced with newer, more effective models but say it was Nuru who stood in the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was adamant in his protection of these broken trash cans. And I think it was pretty clear that he was protecting his buddies who were giving us really crappy cans,” Haney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wong is now participating with federal investigators in the corruption probe against Nuru, who pleaded guilty to federal corruption charges earlier this year after being arrested and indicted in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The road to the perfect can\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nuru did eventually set into motion a process to replace San Francisco’s green renaissance cans with some new ones. But, off-the-rack cans — the kind you might find in another American city — weren’t considered suitable for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Public Works want something tamper-proof, with wheels on the inner can so workers won’t get hurt emptying them, and a sensor that can tell when they’re full. Oh, and they have to be attractive. The department commissioned a custom-designed can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prototypes will cost an estimated $12,000 each and will be fabricated locally and tested alongside some off-the-rack designs. Gordon says the prototypes do cost a lot of money. “I don’t think anyone can say otherwise. But will it be money well spent? We hope so,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After prototyping, the selected can’s manufacturing is expected to cost less than half of the prototype, which is comparable to the price paid in other U.S. cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11907012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11907012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-800x402.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-800x402.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-1020x512.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-160x80.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-1536x771.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-2048x1028.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/03/SFTrashPrototypes-1920x964.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The three trash can prototypes that will be created and tested in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Institute for Creative Integration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This new-can-selection process has its critics. Supervisor Haney said, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Ultimately, San Francisco shouldn’t be in the trash can making business. The conditions that we face on our streets are not fundamentally different than an LA and New York, or Chicago, D.C., Oakland, and there is plenty of data that we can look at in terms of prototypes, but here we are.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The new cans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Three new trash can prototypes are being considered, with hopes they can solve many of the problems presented by the current cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salt & Pepper has a durable frame with minimal surface area for graffiti, the Slim Silhouette features a slim profile for less of a sidewalk footprint, and the Soft Square adds a foot pedal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work of making the new trash cans was just handed off from industrial designers to the team at APROE (Advanced Prototype Engineering), a shop founded by San Francisco native Mose O’Griffin. “I went to Galileo High School. I founded this shop in 2006 and it’s been a long, slow crawl to get here. So I’m really proud of what it’s become,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Griffin and his team will take the designs made by the industrial designers and turn them into engineering drawings, the kind that can be used to create actual objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Griffin says every step in the process for creating a unique, one-of-a-kind trash can is being priced out, but “we’re going to try as hard as we can to, to stay within the bounds of those shapes and materials [outlined by the industrial designers], selections, and all those things, and try to figure out how to get them manufactured for the prices that they’ve set out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new cans will be out on the street testing in different neighborhoods as soon as they are done, but there’s no official word on exactly when that will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After decades of dysfunction, corruption and politics, the end may be in sight for those unsightly green renaissance trash cans. Will the next generation of cans clean up San Francisco’s streets? Well, not unless our behavior as citizens changes, says Gordon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So let’s set public expectations. Garbage cans, new or old, are not going to clean up the streets of San Francisco, but it’s a tool to help us keep the city clean,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest is up to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price (on a SF street): Just walk around any neighborhood in San Francisco, like the Mission where I am right now and you’ll see them. 4 feet tall, green, made of metal. They are (drumroll) … San Francisco’s trash cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In my experience, you can never seem to find one when you are looking for it, and when you do find one…it will often be surrounded by trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re usually broken in some way, which seems like quite a feat – like how do you even break a trash can? But there’s this recycling container at the top that gets busted, and then anything you try to recycle falls into the trash can below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These trash cans got our question asker Matt Leonard wondering …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: What’s the deal with San Francisco’s trash cans? Why are they so unwieldy and why does it seem like it’s so hard to get them replaced?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: I have some good news for Matt. San Francisco is in the process of replacing about 2,500 of these old city trash cans with a sleek new design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s been a long road, littered with obstacles to get here as we found out in 2022 when Bay Curious first reported on the cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In honor of the new models hitting the streets in a neighborhood near you, we’re going to reair a refreshed version of that episode – and share some updates at the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Reporter Christopher Beale got the down and dirty on San Francisco’s trash cans for our question asker Matt…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Matt, this story is crazy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: Really?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Oh gosh, let me just break down what I found out so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, these big green trash cans we have now have been in place since 1993. San Francisco officials call them Renaissance Cans, and in the almost 30 years since their installation they have certainly had their detractors, like Matt Haney. I caught up with him in the Tenderloin back in 2022 when he was the District 6 supervisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Haney: You know, we’re a city that unfortunately has become known around the country and around the world for, dirty streets and sidewalks. And, there’s pretty much nothing more basic than a trash can. One of the frustrating things that I have experienced with our trash cans that we’ve had are that sometimes they’re part of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: The story of San Francisco’s trash cans started to go a little sideways in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale (on phone): I don’t know if you’ve heard the name Walter Wong. If that name rings a bell?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: Recently indicted or something, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale (on phone) Ding, ding, ding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: Yeah\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsclip 1 – “Tonight, a strange twist in the San Francisco corruption probe. Our investigative unit has learned the city bought $5 million worth of public garbage cans from a vendor with ties to ousted public works director Mohammed Nuru.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsclip 2 – Cans that one supervisor say make the city’s litter problem, worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Walter Wong was a permit expediter in San Francisco who pleaded guilty in 2020 to charges of conspiracy. He—and then Department of Public Works director Mohammed Nuru—worked together to trade City contracts for gifts…it’s messy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway… so Wong has a family member who owned a company called Alternate Choice LLC who made and maintained…you guessed it…Trash Cans! See where I’m going here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: This is what I was wondering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Oh yes, the story of San Francisco’s dysfunctional trash cans, past, present, and even future are tied directly to Walter Wong, and Mohammed Nuru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Leonard: This is like The Sopranos mafia. You know, they control the trash that’s insane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Permit expediter Wong cooperated with federal officials in the corruption case against Nuru. Wong and his companies ultimately paid about one and a half million dollars to the city because they violated ethics laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Haney: The contract for these trash cans came about in a way that, very possibly could have been corrupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: After their installation, city supervisors complained about the poorly maintained trash cans but Nuru defended them, refusing to buy alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Haney: He was adamant in his protection of these broken trash cans. And I think it was pretty clear that he was protecting his buddies who were giving us really crappy cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Ultimately, Mohammed Nuru was sentenced to 7 years in federal prison for honest services wire fraud – which is legal speak for taking bribes or offering kickbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the Department of Public Works, under new leadership, ventured forward trying to fix the trash can situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I want to bring in Rachel Gordon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: Spokesperson for San Francisco Public Works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: She shares Supervisor Haney’s frustration with the condition of San Francisco’s messy streets but says it’s vandals who are to blame for the used and abused trash cans…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: Folks like to do things like take the doors off, break the locks, ravage through them, scavenging looking for cans and bottles. Graffiti of them, knock them over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Rachel says the department of public works has been working for years to try and find solutions to the trash can problems in the City. Things like removing trash cans in certain areas, putting more trash cans in others and even installing sensors to tell DPW when a can is full. And that data that will ultimately be used to pick where to put the next generation of trash cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: The bigger issue is how do we change behavior of people not trashing San Francisco in the first place? Like that’s a big challenge. I don’t have the magic wand for that. How do you get it in someone’s head that it’s not okay to litter. We got into a mindset with some people and certainly not all in San Francisco where they think you put it on the sidewalk and then we’ll get picked up. In San Francisco, public works picks up about 90,000 pounds of litter and debris a week from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: That’s from the streets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: It’s from the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Goodness, that is a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: We have been looking at other cans and we have been trying other cans in the city. Uh, we haven’t found one that’s going to be the perfect can yet for San Francisco. Are we going to get to the perfect can? We don’t know that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: The perfect can is the goal. And whether it’s possible or not, the Department of Public Works is trying to get there. No off-the-shelf cans – like what you might see in any other American city – were deemed suitable. So the department commissioned a custom designed can with some really specific ideas about what it should do and look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wanted something tamper proof. With wheels on the inner can can so workers don’t get hurt emptying them. A sensor that can tell when they’re full. Oh, and they have to be gorgeous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the blog post for this episode of Bay Curious there are some photos of the new trash can prototypes. One is called a soft square and has a little foot pedal on it. There is the elegant—for a trash can—Slim Silhouette and the Salt & Pepper that looks like a giant salt shaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These cans are sleek, they are modern, and they are designed to solve a lot of the problems we have with the current renaissance cans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: When we return, we take a trip to where the prototype trash cans were being made and learn which one is being rolled out on city streets today. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sponsor Messages\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: San Francisco Public Works was considering three trash cans designs, the Soft Square, the Slim Silhouette and the Salt & Pepper. Christopher Beale takes us behind the scenes as they make a prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: The prototype cans are actually being made right here in San Francisco. The work is being done by this engineering Firm called A-P-R-O-E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: Advanced Prototype Engineering, but we say aye-pro-ee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: That’s Mose O’Griffin, he is the founder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: I went to Galileo high school here in San Francisco\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: He opened this shop in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: It’s been a long, slow crawl to get here. So I’m really proud of what it’s become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Mose gave me a little tour of his design shop where some really specific parts—like some that may eventually be created for the new trash cans–were being created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: This is a CNC milling machine. So it’s a computer controlled cutting machine. This is a milling machine. Over on the side, here was a lathe.These are kind of the workhorse machine tools. If you find a machine shop there’s mostly mills and lades, there are a lot of other really specific machines, but these are the more generic ones that can make lots and lots of different shapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: Mose and his crew will be working to create real trash cans from those prototype drawings…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: Those are from an industrial design firm. And industrial designers, their specialty is how do humans interact with shapes and how, you know, what are the right kinds of materials? They certainly do some level of, of engineering design, but, uh, we’re going to be doing the in-depth mechanical design. So the, what you said is correct where we’re taking those designs that we have been given, and we’re going to try as hard as we can to, to stay within the bounds of those shapes and material selections, and all those things, and try to figure out how to get them manufactured for, for the prices that they’ve they’ve outlined for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Beale: They’ll get that info figured out, and then the real work of making San Francisco’s new trash cans begins. And it’s worth noting that all of the work outside this shop is also being done by local businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mose O’Griffin: The local piece is huge. In terms of the ability of the residents of SF to come up with a really cool trashcan that you won’t see in any other city, that’s pretty cool, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Since this story aired, those prototypes made by APROE spent some time on city streets and ultimately a best can was chosen…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon with the big reveal…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: We selected the slim silhouette…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: It’s tall and wide, but, as the name says, slim – so it doesn’t take up too much walking space on the sidewalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: … the people who serviced the cans liked it best. We saw that it was easier to maintain, that means to be able to clean off graffiti as an example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: There are currently 18 of these slim silhouette trash cans peppered all around the city as part of a pilot program. The city wants to see how they perform, and make any final adjustments to the design before placing a big order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon: So we’re liking what we’re seeing. We have made some tweaks to the locking mechanism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: Next step, the city will start getting the trash cans mass produced in China, and ultimately you’ll find about 3,000 of them around town. The price per can, by the way, came out to about $1,400 – very comparable to the price of off-the-shelf cans, Rachel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a saga, but looks like we are close to putting a lid on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s story was reported by Christopher Beale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to our listener Matt for asking this week’s question, and thanks also to the many members of KQED who listen to the podcast. Your support means everything. If you’re not a member yet, consider becoming one. All it takes is a donation. Whatever is comfortable for your budget. You can get started at donate.kqed.org/podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at member-supported KQED. Our show is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale, and me, Olivia Allen-Price. We get extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien, Ethan Toven-Lindsey, and everyone on Team KQED. Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a great week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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