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"content": "\u003cp>When we look at the California of today, so much of who we are is because of the Gold Rush. It’s true that people flooded into the state after gold was found in 1848, and that there were opportunities here for some fortune-seekers. But there are darker parts of that history we don’t often hear about. Some of those gold-seekers came from the South and brought enslaved people with them to mine for gold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find it very interesting that we don’t know any of this part of California’s history,” said Bay Curious listener Doug Spindler. “And yet this is so big and so important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug came across some of this information while researching the Gold Rush era and California’s recognition of statehood soon after. California entered the union in 1850 as a “free state.” The \u003ca href=\"https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/artifact/first-constitution-california-1849\">state constitution says\u003c/a>: “Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crimes, shall ever be tolerated in this State.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what’s on paper is not the reality of what happened here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California was filling up with gold-seekers, a Civil War about slavery was brewing in the United States, and 3,000 miles wasn’t enough distance to keep California out of the dispute. Some of California’s first leaders built their wealth by exploiting the labor of enslaved people. At the constitutional convention, many argued that California shouldn’t allow Black people into the state at all. There were fears that they would compete with white people for jobs — and win. While those voices didn’t prevail, early state legislators showed their sympathy to the South in other ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act — a law that required white people living in free states to help catch and re-enslave people living in freedom. Many free states fought against the mandate. Not California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Learn More About Slavery in California\" link1=\"https://www.aclunc.org/sites/goldchains/podcast/,ACLU's Gold Chains Podcast\" link2=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,KQED's Reparations Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California did the opposite,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101887335/reparations-task-force-sheds-light-on-history-of-slavery-in-california\">said Stacey L. Smith, professor of history at Oregon State University\u003c/a>. “Not just cooperating with the Fugitive Slave Act, the federal one from 1850, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/pacific-bound-california-s-1852-fugitive-slave-law/\">passing its own 1852 Fugitive Slave Act that essentially was a supplement to that federal act\u003c/a> and pledged that the state would help the federal government do everything it could to help protect slave holders and not freedom seekers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Supreme Court ruled that enslavers who came to California before it became a state — and thus was not technically a free state yet — should have the right to reclaim their human property.[aside label=“Learn More About Slavery in California” link1=“https://www.aclunc.org/sites/goldchains/podcast/,ACLU's Gold Chains Podcast” link2=“https://www.kqed.org/reparations,KQED's Reparations Coverage”]Smith’s book, “Freedom’s Frontier: California and the Struggle Over Unfree Labor, Emancipation, and Reconstruction,” traces California’s history of supporting enslavers and how that legacy set the stage for its brutal treatment of other ethnic groups, particularly Native Americans and Chinese immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11906054']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after the Civil War ended and President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, California’s representatives to Congress fought against new legislation to give rights to the formerly enslaved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California legislators really opposed the 14th and 15th amendments,” Smith said. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to Black people and the 15th gave them the right to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are all of these concerns among whites in California that Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans were going to get new rights, new legal protections and the right to vote under the 14th and 15th amendments,” Smith said. “California was among some of the few states that really fought Reconstruction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legacy of California’s early sympathy with the South and a litany of early laws that ensured people of color would have little to no power in the state are still being felt in the racial disparities we see today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, along with other Californians who have lived experience of this deep-seated inequality, have been testifying to \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121\">California’s Task Force to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans\u003c/a>. The task force is specifically looking at the history of chattel slavery in California and how the state could formally apologize and make amends. The task force has been meeting since the summer of 2021 and plans to make an initial report to the legislature in the summer of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has been following the work of the task force closely and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">will continue to report on the testimony and recommendations presented there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headTitle": "‘The World Was Shocked’: How the Winter Olympics Came to Tahoe in 1960 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/beijing-2022/#:~:text=When%20is%20the%20next%20Winter,scheduled%20for%2020%20February%202022.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">24th Winter Olympics\u003c/a> are unfolding in Beijing right now with endless hours of coverage and athlete profiles. It’s a much bigger event than the winter games held in the Tahoe valley back in 1960. At that time, there were no huge ski resorts and bustling crowds. The Olympics jump-started Tahoe’s reputation as a winter sports destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Osvaldo and Eddy Ancinas live in Olympic Valley near Lake Tahoe — right where the \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/squaw-valley-1960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1960 Olympics\u003c/a> took place. Both remember those winter games as if they were yesterday. Back then, \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/athletes/osvaldo-a-ancinas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Osvaldo\u003c/a> was a dashing member of Argentina’s ski team, who competed in three alpine events — downhill, giant slalom and slalom. Eddy was one of the young multilingual women employed to make the visiting dignitaries feel welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like when you meet a wonderful family,” said Osvaldo, who can remember the folk song he performed at the athlete’s talent show held during the games one night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 765px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904458\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53559_Olympic-Athlete-Village-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53559_Olympic-Athlete-Village-qut.jpg 765w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53559_Olympic-Athlete-Village-qut-160x161.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Olympic Village, 1960. The complex housed athletes and was mostly off-limits to others. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Outsized and lasting impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Ancinases said the 1960 Olympics weren’t just memorable for the people who were there, like them. The event also had an outsized and lasting impact worldwide because of the many firsts and innovations that happened there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technologies that we consider commonplace today, like instant replay and a first-of-its-kind refrigeration mechanism for the speed-skating oval, were pioneered or developed at those games. Also, this was the first time the Olympics were televised live nationwide. CBS bought the exclusive rights for $50,000, and Walter Cronkite reported live throughout the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904460\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11904460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-800x790.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-800x790.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-1020x1008.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-160x158.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-1536x1518.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pageantry chair Walt Disney at the 1960 Olympics. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Walt Disney himself \u003c/a>was the pageantry chair. The entertainment king and winter sports enthusiast turned the event into a theatrical extravaganza worthy of TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney’s team booked choirs and bands to play in Olympic Village and created giant, white statues of athletes that looked like they were carved out of ice (though in reality they were fashioned from wire and papier-mâché). At various points they released fireworks, balloons and even pigeons into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eddy Ancinas said the event took on an almost supernatural quality under Disney’s direction, especially after a heavy snowstorm delayed the start of the opening ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11904461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-800x1007.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1007\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-800x1007.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-1020x1284.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-160x201.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-1221x1536.jpg 1221w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut.jpg 1498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the massive athlete sculptures created by Walt Disney’s team for the 1960 Olympics. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The blizzard suddenly ended, the sun came out and the sky was blue,” she said. “It was kind of like maybe God had a hand in this or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Myth-making vs. lost reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The weather wasn’t the only element to give the 1960 Olympics an almost mythological aura. Another is the U.S. men’s ice hockey team’s triumph against the fearsome Soviets — a big deal during the Cold War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53532_Squaw-Valley-US-Russia-Final_Buzzer-1960-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53532_Squaw-Valley-US-Russia-Final_Buzzer-1960-qut.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53532_Squaw-Valley-US-Russia-Final_Buzzer-1960-qut-160x94.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Historic ice hockey game between the U.S. and Soviet Union at the 1960 Olympics. The U.S. won 3-2. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the narrative about how the games even made it to an obscure corner (at the time) of the Sierra Nevada in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a David and Goliath story,” said Eddy, who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.talesfromtwovalleysbook.com/book/\">a 2019 book about the region’s ski history\u003c/a>. “There was nothing there, so they had a clean slate. To make that into an Olympic site was quite a feat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what tends to get lost in accounts of the 1960 Olympic Games is the fact that they took place on unceded Indigenous lands — stolen land that had belonged to Native people for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People view this land as pristine and untouched,” said Herman Fillmore, culture and language resources director for the \u003ca href=\"https://washoetribe.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California\u003c/a>. “But this land was actually shaped by Indigenous peoples and our cultures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of the Olympics, Fillmore said his tribe was in the middle of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.onlinenevada.org/articles/washoe-tribe-indian-claims-commission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">decades-long lawsuit against the federal government\u003c/a> for the theft of roughly 6 million acres of Washoe lands, including the area where the Olympics were held. The Washoe had never formally entered into a treaty nor received compensation for land occupied by the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While Washoe people were undergoing a court case to gain any sort of restitution for the taking of our land, we coincidentally have the 1960 Olympics, where other nations are freely welcome to Washoe homelands, a place that Washoe people were no longer allowed to be,” Fillmore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904384\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53530_library-of-congress-1866-washoe-indians-valley-of-lake-tahoe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53530_library-of-congress-1866-washoe-indians-valley-of-lake-tahoe-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53530_library-of-congress-1866-washoe-indians-valley-of-lake-tahoe-qut-160x142.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Washoe tribespeople in their ancestral lands in the valley of Lake Tahoe. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both the tribe and local historians say the organizers of the Olympic Games did not consult Washoe people about their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make matters worse, owners named the resort that hosted the games Squaw Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13885276/squaw-valley-ski-resort-will-change-its-name\">a racist and misogynistic term used for Indigenous women\u003c/a>. European settlers had given the land that name in the mid-19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resort kept the name until September 2021, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.palisadestahoe.com/new-name\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">management rebranded it Palisades Tahoe\u003c/a>. Tribal members had been asking for the derogatory name to be removed for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The renaming of Palisades was long overdue,” said Fillmore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The 1960 Olympic story\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most historical accounts of the Tahoe Olympics begin with a picture of a sparkling white landscape, practically untouched by human hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was almost nothing here: one lift, two rope tows, a lodge and a dirt road leading to it off the highway. And there were only two year-round families that lived in the valley itself,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefacts.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">David Antonucci\u003c/a>, an avid cross-country skier, long-time Tahoe resident and author of the book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002Y5VTCC/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snowball’s Chance: The Story of the 1960 Olympic Winter Games\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tahoe Olympic story began in the waning days of 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alex Cushing, who is a co-founder of what was then known as the Squaw Valley ski area, was reading the paper,” said Antonucci. “And he saw that the city of Reno was submitting a bid to host the 1960 Winter Olympics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was all it took to give Cushing the improbable idea of pitching his own little ski resort as a contender for the privilege of hosting the 1960 Olympics, said Antonucci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He thought, ‘Heck, Squaw Valley is a better mountain. I’ve got better conditions here. I wonder if I could submit a bid and just get some publicity for it?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cushing was a Harvard-educated lawyer with many rich and powerful friends. He hurriedly put together a proposal, got financial backing from the California state Legislature, and traveled to New York to pitch the U.S. Olympic Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And much to the surprise of everybody, the U.S. Olympic Committee decided to nominate Squaw Valley to host the 1960 Winter Olympics,” Antonucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 755px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53560_Opening-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"755\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53560_Opening-2-qut.jpg 755w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53560_Opening-2-qut-160x163.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the opening ceremonies at the 1960 Olympics. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Cushing still had to go to Paris and convince the International Olympic Committee (IOC) that Tahoe should host the Games. Even though by this point he had the support of both the state of California and the U.S. federal government, his chances of winning looked pretty slim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s being told, ‘Forget it. You’ve got no chance. You’re just wasting your time,'” said Antonucci. “People in the Olympic orbit said, ‘Innsbruck, Austria, has it tied up.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cushing and his team didn’t give up. They started working their contacts around the globe. The lobbying effort included the then-unorthodox step of printing their proposal in Spanish — not just the official Olympic languages of English and French. [emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]“He actually traveled or had representatives travel to South America to visit with IOC representatives that normally wouldn’t be interested in the Winter Olympics to get their support and make sure they would be in attendance and could vote,” Antonucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two nail-biting rounds of voting, California prevailed, beating Innsbruck by just a couple of votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world was shocked,” said Antonucci, adding that another year would pass before the IOC definitively green-lit Cushing’s winning bid, asking him to raise several million dollars in funding first.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Disappearing history\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.palisadestahoe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Palisades Tahoe\u003c/a>, the massive white mountains set against the limitless blue sky are just as awe-striking today as they likely were back in 1960. Antonucci points out where some of the Olympic races took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we look up this canyon here, this was the men’s downhill course,” he said. “It started up on that peak, which is called Palisades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Olympic logo, with its five, colorful interlocking circles symbolizing global unity, is a favorite location for a photo opp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only a smattering of the original Olympic era structures remain. One such building is the Olympic Village Lodge, part of the complex that was used to house the athletes for the duration of the games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olympic Village Lodge’s cavernous dining hall is where the athletes came together to socialize, eat and enjoy evening performances by some of the leading acts of the day like Bing Crosby and Danny Kaye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walt Disney arranged for entertainment every night, and that was held in this room,” said Antonucci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11904380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside the dining room at Olympic Village Lodge, one of just a few spaces built for the 1960 Olympics that remain at Palisades Tahoe. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this historic building, like most of the others still standing at Palisades Tahoe, isn’t in great shape. The dining room roof is currently propped up by steel columns, following snow damage from a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the Olympics, the facilities were originally to be operated by the state of California through its Department of Parks and Recreation as a public winter recreation site,” said Antonucci. “But it never became viable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonucci said the state eventually sold the buildings off bit by bit to developers and investors, until it all ended up under control of a privately owned resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>New developments\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The current resort owner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alterramtnco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alterra Mountain Company\u003c/a>, proposed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.placer.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9344/Specific-Plan-for-Village-at-Squaw-Valley-PDF\">plan in 2016 to demolish the historic buildings\u003c/a> in order to make way for new development, including high-rise hotels and an indoor waterpark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local anti-development activists managed to stall these plans in court last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who really value the sense of place that we still feel in the Tahoe Sierra are working together to demand something better,” said Tom Mooers, executive director of the Nevada City-based conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierrawatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sierra Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are committed to carrying out a responsible development project,” said \u003ca href=\"https://blog.palisadestahoe.com/press/dee-byrne-named-president-coo-of-squaw-valley-alpine-meadows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Palisades Tahoe President and COO Dee Byrne\u003c/a> in an email. “This project will provide significant benefits to our community, such as new jobs, increased tax revenue, new affordable housing units and millions in funds for conservation and transit to Olympic Valley and the region. Unfortunately, due to the 2021 court decision, we will now have to wait longer to see those benefits come to fruition and begin to serve our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of what happens next in court, David Antonucci is resigned to the idea that eventually the historic buildings will likely come down. He expressed sadness, but said the structures mostly fall short of current ADA and energy conservation standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something has to happen,” Antonucci said. “These buildings are at the end of their useful life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Olympic future at Tahoe\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ever since the 1980s, a variety of local groups, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.renotahoewintergames.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reno Tahoe Winter Games Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working to bring the Olympics back to the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent efforts fell by the wayside in 2018. But that doesn’t put a definitive end to the possibility of the games returning at some point down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11904381 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eddy Ancinas, David Antonucci and Osvaldo Ancinas in Tahoe City. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea, however, holds little interest for Eddy and Osvaldo Ancinas, even though they hold cherished memories of the 1960 event.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n“It’s just so different right now,” said Osvaldo. “The cost is going to be horrible. Billions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many people,” said Eddy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the couple, together with David Antonucci, are part of a group working to salvage the region’s Olympic history as best as they can. They’re planning to build a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesnowmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">20,000-square-foot museum\u003c/a> at the entrance to Olympic Valley, right where the Olympic torch still burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The 1960 Winter Olympics held in the Sierra Nevada transformed a sleepy valley into a ski haven. Organizers tried out new ideas, like instant replay and nationally televising the events — ideas that are commonplace now.",
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"title": "'The World Was Shocked': How the Winter Olympics Came to Tahoe in 1960 | KQED",
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"subhead": "The behind-the-scenes story of the 1960 Tahoe Winter Olympics.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/beijing-2022/#:~:text=When%20is%20the%20next%20Winter,scheduled%20for%2020%20February%202022.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">24th Winter Olympics\u003c/a> are unfolding in Beijing right now with endless hours of coverage and athlete profiles. It’s a much bigger event than the winter games held in the Tahoe valley back in 1960. At that time, there were no huge ski resorts and bustling crowds. The Olympics jump-started Tahoe’s reputation as a winter sports destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Osvaldo and Eddy Ancinas live in Olympic Valley near Lake Tahoe — right where the \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/squaw-valley-1960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1960 Olympics\u003c/a> took place. Both remember those winter games as if they were yesterday. Back then, \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/athletes/osvaldo-a-ancinas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Osvaldo\u003c/a> was a dashing member of Argentina’s ski team, who competed in three alpine events — downhill, giant slalom and slalom. Eddy was one of the young multilingual women employed to make the visiting dignitaries feel welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like when you meet a wonderful family,” said Osvaldo, who can remember the folk song he performed at the athlete’s talent show held during the games one night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 765px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904458\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53559_Olympic-Athlete-Village-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53559_Olympic-Athlete-Village-qut.jpg 765w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53559_Olympic-Athlete-Village-qut-160x161.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 765px) 100vw, 765px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Olympic Village, 1960. The complex housed athletes and was mostly off-limits to others. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Outsized and lasting impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Ancinases said the 1960 Olympics weren’t just memorable for the people who were there, like them. The event also had an outsized and lasting impact worldwide because of the many firsts and innovations that happened there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technologies that we consider commonplace today, like instant replay and a first-of-its-kind refrigeration mechanism for the speed-skating oval, were pioneered or developed at those games. Also, this was the first time the Olympics were televised live nationwide. CBS bought the exclusive rights for $50,000, and Walter Cronkite reported live throughout the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904460\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11904460\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-800x790.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-800x790.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-1020x1008.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-160x158.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut-1536x1518.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53562_Disney-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pageantry chair Walt Disney at the 1960 Olympics. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Walt Disney himself \u003c/a>was the pageantry chair. The entertainment king and winter sports enthusiast turned the event into a theatrical extravaganza worthy of TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney’s team booked choirs and bands to play in Olympic Village and created giant, white statues of athletes that looked like they were carved out of ice (though in reality they were fashioned from wire and papier-mâché). At various points they released fireworks, balloons and even pigeons into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eddy Ancinas said the event took on an almost supernatural quality under Disney’s direction, especially after a heavy snowstorm delayed the start of the opening ceremony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11904461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-800x1007.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1007\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-800x1007.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-1020x1284.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-160x201.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut-1221x1536.jpg 1221w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53561_Sculpture-1-qut.jpg 1498w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the massive athlete sculptures created by Walt Disney’s team for the 1960 Olympics. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The blizzard suddenly ended, the sun came out and the sky was blue,” she said. “It was kind of like maybe God had a hand in this or something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Myth-making vs. lost reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The weather wasn’t the only element to give the 1960 Olympics an almost mythological aura. Another is the U.S. men’s ice hockey team’s triumph against the fearsome Soviets — a big deal during the Cold War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904386\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53532_Squaw-Valley-US-Russia-Final_Buzzer-1960-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53532_Squaw-Valley-US-Russia-Final_Buzzer-1960-qut.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53532_Squaw-Valley-US-Russia-Final_Buzzer-1960-qut-160x94.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Historic ice hockey game between the U.S. and Soviet Union at the 1960 Olympics. The U.S. won 3-2. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the narrative about how the games even made it to an obscure corner (at the time) of the Sierra Nevada in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a David and Goliath story,” said Eddy, who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.talesfromtwovalleysbook.com/book/\">a 2019 book about the region’s ski history\u003c/a>. “There was nothing there, so they had a clean slate. To make that into an Olympic site was quite a feat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what tends to get lost in accounts of the 1960 Olympic Games is the fact that they took place on unceded Indigenous lands — stolen land that had belonged to Native people for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People view this land as pristine and untouched,” said Herman Fillmore, culture and language resources director for the \u003ca href=\"https://washoetribe.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California\u003c/a>. “But this land was actually shaped by Indigenous peoples and our cultures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of the Olympics, Fillmore said his tribe was in the middle of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.onlinenevada.org/articles/washoe-tribe-indian-claims-commission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">decades-long lawsuit against the federal government\u003c/a> for the theft of roughly 6 million acres of Washoe lands, including the area where the Olympics were held. The Washoe had never formally entered into a treaty nor received compensation for land occupied by the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While Washoe people were undergoing a court case to gain any sort of restitution for the taking of our land, we coincidentally have the 1960 Olympics, where other nations are freely welcome to Washoe homelands, a place that Washoe people were no longer allowed to be,” Fillmore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904384\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53530_library-of-congress-1866-washoe-indians-valley-of-lake-tahoe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53530_library-of-congress-1866-washoe-indians-valley-of-lake-tahoe-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53530_library-of-congress-1866-washoe-indians-valley-of-lake-tahoe-qut-160x142.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Washoe tribespeople in their ancestral lands in the valley of Lake Tahoe. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both the tribe and local historians say the organizers of the Olympic Games did not consult Washoe people about their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make matters worse, owners named the resort that hosted the games Squaw Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13885276/squaw-valley-ski-resort-will-change-its-name\">a racist and misogynistic term used for Indigenous women\u003c/a>. European settlers had given the land that name in the mid-19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resort kept the name until September 2021, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.palisadestahoe.com/new-name\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">management rebranded it Palisades Tahoe\u003c/a>. Tribal members had been asking for the derogatory name to be removed for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The renaming of Palisades was long overdue,” said Fillmore.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The 1960 Olympic story\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most historical accounts of the Tahoe Olympics begin with a picture of a sparkling white landscape, practically untouched by human hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was almost nothing here: one lift, two rope tows, a lodge and a dirt road leading to it off the highway. And there were only two year-round families that lived in the valley itself,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefacts.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">David Antonucci\u003c/a>, an avid cross-country skier, long-time Tahoe resident and author of the book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002Y5VTCC/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snowball’s Chance: The Story of the 1960 Olympic Winter Games\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tahoe Olympic story began in the waning days of 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alex Cushing, who is a co-founder of what was then known as the Squaw Valley ski area, was reading the paper,” said Antonucci. “And he saw that the city of Reno was submitting a bid to host the 1960 Winter Olympics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was all it took to give Cushing the improbable idea of pitching his own little ski resort as a contender for the privilege of hosting the 1960 Olympics, said Antonucci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He thought, ‘Heck, Squaw Valley is a better mountain. I’ve got better conditions here. I wonder if I could submit a bid and just get some publicity for it?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cushing was a Harvard-educated lawyer with many rich and powerful friends. He hurriedly put together a proposal, got financial backing from the California state Legislature, and traveled to New York to pitch the U.S. Olympic Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And much to the surprise of everybody, the U.S. Olympic Committee decided to nominate Squaw Valley to host the 1960 Winter Olympics,” Antonucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 755px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11904462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53560_Opening-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"755\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53560_Opening-2-qut.jpg 755w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53560_Opening-2-qut-160x163.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the opening ceremonies at the 1960 Olympics. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Bill Briner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Cushing still had to go to Paris and convince the International Olympic Committee (IOC) that Tahoe should host the Games. Even though by this point he had the support of both the state of California and the U.S. federal government, his chances of winning looked pretty slim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s being told, ‘Forget it. You’ve got no chance. You’re just wasting your time,'” said Antonucci. “People in the Olympic orbit said, ‘Innsbruck, Austria, has it tied up.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cushing and his team didn’t give up. They started working their contacts around the globe. The lobbying effort included the then-unorthodox step of printing their proposal in Spanish — not just the official Olympic languages of English and French. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He actually traveled or had representatives travel to South America to visit with IOC representatives that normally wouldn’t be interested in the Winter Olympics to get their support and make sure they would be in attendance and could vote,” Antonucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two nail-biting rounds of voting, California prevailed, beating Innsbruck by just a couple of votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world was shocked,” said Antonucci, adding that another year would pass before the IOC definitively green-lit Cushing’s winning bid, asking him to raise several million dollars in funding first.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Disappearing history\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.palisadestahoe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Palisades Tahoe\u003c/a>, the massive white mountains set against the limitless blue sky are just as awe-striking today as they likely were back in 1960. Antonucci points out where some of the Olympic races took place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we look up this canyon here, this was the men’s downhill course,” he said. “It started up on that peak, which is called Palisades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Olympic logo, with its five, colorful interlocking circles symbolizing global unity, is a favorite location for a photo opp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only a smattering of the original Olympic era structures remain. One such building is the Olympic Village Lodge, part of the complex that was used to house the athletes for the duration of the games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Olympic Village Lodge’s cavernous dining hall is where the athletes came together to socialize, eat and enjoy evening performances by some of the leading acts of the day like Bing Crosby and Danny Kaye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Walt Disney arranged for entertainment every night, and that was held in this room,” said Antonucci.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11904380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53529_olympic-village-lodge-dining-hall-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside the dining room at Olympic Village Lodge, one of just a few spaces built for the 1960 Olympics that remain at Palisades Tahoe. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But this historic building, like most of the others still standing at Palisades Tahoe, isn’t in great shape. The dining room roof is currently propped up by steel columns, following snow damage from a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the Olympics, the facilities were originally to be operated by the state of California through its Department of Parks and Recreation as a public winter recreation site,” said Antonucci. “But it never became viable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonucci said the state eventually sold the buildings off bit by bit to developers and investors, until it all ended up under control of a privately owned resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>New developments\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The current resort owner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alterramtnco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alterra Mountain Company\u003c/a>, proposed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.placer.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9344/Specific-Plan-for-Village-at-Squaw-Valley-PDF\">plan in 2016 to demolish the historic buildings\u003c/a> in order to make way for new development, including high-rise hotels and an indoor waterpark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local anti-development activists managed to stall these plans in court last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who really value the sense of place that we still feel in the Tahoe Sierra are working together to demand something better,” said Tom Mooers, executive director of the Nevada City-based conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierrawatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sierra Watch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are committed to carrying out a responsible development project,” said \u003ca href=\"https://blog.palisadestahoe.com/press/dee-byrne-named-president-coo-of-squaw-valley-alpine-meadows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Palisades Tahoe President and COO Dee Byrne\u003c/a> in an email. “This project will provide significant benefits to our community, such as new jobs, increased tax revenue, new affordable housing units and millions in funds for conservation and transit to Olympic Valley and the region. Unfortunately, due to the 2021 court decision, we will now have to wait longer to see those benefits come to fruition and begin to serve our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of what happens next in court, David Antonucci is resigned to the idea that eventually the historic buildings will likely come down. He expressed sadness, but said the structures mostly fall short of current ADA and energy conservation standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something has to happen,” Antonucci said. “These buildings are at the end of their useful life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Olympic future at Tahoe\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ever since the 1980s, a variety of local groups, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.renotahoewintergames.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reno Tahoe Winter Games Coalition\u003c/a>, have been working to bring the Olympics back to the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent efforts fell by the wayside in 2018. But that doesn’t put a definitive end to the possibility of the games returning at some point down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11904381\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11904381 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53528_eddy-osvaldo-and-dave-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eddy Ancinas, David Antonucci and Osvaldo Ancinas in Tahoe City. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea, however, holds little interest for Eddy and Osvaldo Ancinas, even though they hold cherished memories of the 1960 event.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n“It’s just so different right now,” said Osvaldo. “The cost is going to be horrible. Billions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many people,” said Eddy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the couple, together with David Antonucci, are part of a group working to salvage the region’s Olympic history as best as they can. They’re planning to build a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thesnowmuseum.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">20,000-square-foot museum\u003c/a> at the entrance to Olympic Valley, right where the Olympic torch still burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "how-did-a-184-foot-shipwreck-wind-up-grounded-in-the-carquinez-strait",
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"content": "\u003cp>There are always at least a few ships anchored out in San Francisco Bay, a reminder that shipping is and always has been a major part of this area’s economy. Today, those ships are full of consumer goods, wine and produce, but back in the day, San Francisco held a special place in the West Coast lumber trade. Our outgoing ships were full of wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Cameron Tobey loves learning about our area’s maritime history. He went to the California State University Maritime Academy in Vallejo, works for a shipping company and comes from a long line of seafaring people. So, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MartinezHistoricalSociety/photos/a.245809702124343/6092036460834942/?type=3\">the Martinez Historical Society posted on their Facebook page that a low tide would reveal the skeleton of a shipwreck\u003c/a> off the coast of Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline Park, it’s no surprise that Cameron was eager to get a closer look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just seems like a really random place for a ship to end up,” Cameron said. “What led to it ending up being shipwrecked out here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron.jpg\" alt=\"A female park ranger in uniform and hat stands next to a young man in a plaid shirt and cap. They pose in front of the remains of a very old shipwreck.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Bay Regional Park District naturalist Virginia Delgado-Martinez and Cameron Tobey pose in front of the Forester shipwreck in Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline Park. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cameron’s question won a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious public voting round\u003c/a>, so I started digging into the ship’s history. The first thing I found is that in mariner lingo it’s not a “ship”; it’s a schooner. The sails run front to back, instead of side-to-side as was more common for ships built in England or New England. This ship’s name is the Forester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forester was built in 1900 at the Hay and Wright shipyard in Alameda for the shipping company Sanders & Kirchmann. A four-masted schooner, the Forester was 184 feet long and could carry 663 tons of cargo. It was a lumber schooner built specifically to carry Douglas fir trees felled in Washington, Oregon and Northern California down to San Francisco and then overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most ships on the West Coast were built near the lumber locations,” said Christopher Edwards, a park ranger at San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park. “So shipyards turning out vessels here in the Bay Area directly, that was usually times of a boom in the shipbuilding industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a green park ranger uniform with a brimmed hat poses for a picture sitting in the hold of a large wooden ship.\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park Ranger Christopher Edwards sits in the hold of the C.A. Thayer, a West Coast lumber schooner similar to the Forester. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the turn of the 20th century, the U.S. had just won the Spanish-American War and colonized the Philippines. Suddenly new markets were open to American businesses, and there was a boom in shipbuilding. Lumber operators on the West Coast were chopping down the old growth forests as fast as they could and there was steady demand overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forester traveled to places like Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand and Hawaii, delivering wood and picking up copper, coal and copra — a type of dried coconut meat that can be processed into oil — on the return journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to see a similar schooner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/safr/learn/historyculture/ca-thayer-history.htm\">the C.A. Thayer is an intact three-masted West Coast lumber schooner\u003c/a>, part of the San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park’s “floating collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/The-Forester-loaded-with-lumber-courtesy-of-MHS.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a large boat with four masts, all sails furled. She rides low in the water, but her bow cuts through the waves.\" width=\"288\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/The-Forester-loaded-with-lumber-courtesy-of-MHS.jpg 288w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/The-Forester-loaded-with-lumber-courtesy-of-MHS-160x134.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Forester riding low with a cargo of lumber. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Life on board the Forester\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While plenty of vessels sailed to similar destinations, the Forester was unique in that it had one captain its whole career: Otto Daerweritz, a Czechoslovakian immigrant. He owned a third of the schooner and loved it dearly. We don’t know much about the rest of his crew, but ship logs show that many of them were of Scandinavian descent. There also was almost always a Chinese or Japanese crew member on board, usually the cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cooking jobs at the time wasn’t much desired by Caucasian crew members,” explained \u003ca href=\"https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/rudolph-ng\">Rudolph Ng\u003c/a>, a professor of global history at the University of Portsmouth in England. “They were paid less and [it was] probably more physically demanding. So they were always left to either the Japanese or the Chinese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian crew members suffered discrimination while sailing all over the world, but their experience was especially bad in California after the U.S. passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. That law prohibited immigration by Chinese people into the U.S., which affected sailors longing for some time on shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chinese were allowed to go on shore leave in San Francisco, or anywhere in California, for 30 days. But they had to pay a bond,” Ng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each man would have to put up $500 in collateral for the right to leave the ship. If they didn’t come back within 30 days, they forfeited that money, Ng said. There wasn’t much in the historical record about how Chinese and Japanese crew members on board the Forester were treated, but given this historical context, it’s likely they faced similar discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only first-person account I could find of life aboard the Forester is from a Puerto Rican sailor named Oscar Gonzales, who sailed on the schooner around 1919. \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/SeaLetter1962No3/page/n5/mode/2up\">He shared his memories of the Forester with the Maritime Museum as part of an oral history project.\u003c/a> In his memory, Captain Otto Daerweritz was a good and fair leader. And, apparently, he provided the crew with good food. Gonzales said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Captain Daerweritz was short and stout. He was the best captain in those days that I ever sailed with … There was no trouble with the cargo on the voyage. Just the bugs. The copra bugs used to bother us during the night. They crawl all over and they bite … The food was very good for those days. We used to get fresh pork twice a week and eggs every other day. That was because we had about five dozen chickens on board … We had a very good cook, a good baker, and he used to make good bread.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch3>The end of the Forester’s sailing days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>U.S. imperialism in the Philippines may have created the economic conditions to build the Forester, but world events made the schooner obsolete. During World War I, the U.S. ramped up shipbuilding to support allies in Europe. At the end of the war, there was a glut of brand-new steam-powered vessels that commercial shippers could purchase cheaply. The steam-powered ships could carry more cargo and travel faster than most sailing ships. That spelled the end of the Forester’s international traveling days. By the mid-1920s, the Forester was out of a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1660px\">\u003ca href=\"https://martinezhistory.org/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11902683 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a man in a worn sport coat and newsies cap leaning on the rail of a ship. A mask and rigging can be seen in the background.\" width=\"1660\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester.jpg 1660w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1660px) 100vw, 1660px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Captain Otto Daerweritz on board the Forester. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Daerweritz bought out his partners’ share of the Forester for $8,000 and continued to live on the vessel. He anchored her in the Carquinez Strait at one point, protecting one of the piers of the Carquinez bridge from swift tides while it was being built. When construction was complete, he anchored in the Oakland Estuary for several years until he was asked to leave for getting in the way of shipping. At that point, Daerweritz towed the Forester over to Martinez and grounded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Forester’s final days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline is part of the East Bay Regional Park District. It’s a tidal marsh that protects the shore from storm surge and provides habitat for critters like the salt marsh harvest mouse. But in the 1930s and ’40s, this same area was a bustling community of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1962px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cocohistory.org/frm-photos.html\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of fishing boats tied up in a creek with rustic buildings built in a marshland.\" width=\"1962\" height=\"1379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb.jpg 1962w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-1020x717.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-1536x1080.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-1920x1349.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1962px) 100vw, 1962px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Italian fishing boats tied up in Alhambra Creek in Martinez. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Contra Costa County Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://martinezhistory.org/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902685\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fishing boats bob in the water, tied up to long piers stretching into the water. Behind them are the Martinez hills.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fishing boats bob in the Carquinez Strait near Martinez, where the fishermen made their homes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of Italian immigrants actually came here and built their town,” said Virginia Delgado-Martinez, a naturalist with the EBRPD. “Definitely it was a community here. And there would have been work. There would have been stores, markets and a lot of trading going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captain Daerweritz settled into this community, living on his boat. He was still there in 1947 when Robert O’Brien, a writer for The San Francisco Chronicle, got curious about the schooner and went to check it out. \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/SeaLetter1962No3/page/n5/mode/2up\">He published this memory of the trip in an article titled “A Rainy Sunday Afternoon”\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[The Forester] makes a snug home for Captain Daerweritz. She’s wired for electricity, but has no water; he carries it on board from shore, and catches rain water for washing purposes. In the tiny, skylighted cabin off the sleeping quarters, there was the table at which we sat. On it were the paper he had been reading, a deck of cards and an ashtray from the Turquoise Room, Hotel Rosslyn, L.A. On the bulkhead over the table was a small painting of the Forester under full sail, done by an amateur, and the ship’s original clock and barometer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a sudden patter of rain on the skylight, and the captain got up at once. ‘Got to get my washing in,’ he said. ‘Should have had it in an hour ago.’ I followed him up the companionway and on to the deck. He hurried forward, took down a few shirts and towels from the clothesline and hung them up inside, over the stove in the galley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘What will happen to the Forester?’ I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘I don’t know,’ he said. ‘She probably will be burned up some day, like the rest of her kind. I’m the only friend she’s got left.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We said goodbye a few minutes later, and he showed me over the side. The rain was coming in heavy gusts from the low gray sky. From the car, Benicia across the strait was dim in the low mist. The Forester, listing slightly to starboard, was dark against the green waters of the strait, and her four masts leaned dark against the sky.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1700px\">\u003ca href=\"https://martinezhistory.org/mtzforester/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902715\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view.jpeg\" alt=\"Through the trees a four masted boat can be seen tied up to a rickety pier leading out from the shoreline.\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view.jpeg 1700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-800x502.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-1020x640.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-160x100.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-1536x964.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Forester as it might have looked when Robert O’Brien met Captain Otto Daerweritz on board. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Daerweritz died on board the Forester not too long after this account. He was 83. In the 1950s, the Forester’s owner, a Mr. Charles Fitzgerald, donated many parts of the Forester to the Maritime Museum, including the complete foremast doubling (\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/SeaLetter1962No3/page/n5/mode/2up\">there’s an account of how they did this in the Maritime Museum’s archives\u003c/a>). These were displayed at the Maritime Museum for a time and are still part of its collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Daerweritz predicted to the newspaper reporter, there was a fire aboard what was left of the Forester in the 1970s, although the cause is unknown. Rumors of an insurance scheme abound, but I couldn’t corroborate that story. Other people say it was an accident, kids playing around out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you hike out to the Martinez shoreline at very low tide now, there’s a trail of bricks leading out to the wreck of the Forester. From shore, it’s hard to tell it’s a boat — it looks more like a broken-down pier — but Cameron, our question asker, went out there and climbed around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902628\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11902628 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Sticky looking mud in the foreground leads up to a line of rotted wood sticking out of the muck. Behind it in the distance a large ship passes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At low tide, the remains of the Forester poke out of the mud, barely distinguishable as a boat. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Virginia Delgado-Martinez said the groups of schoolkids she takes on tours to see the Forester like to pretend they’re Captain Jack Sparrow from “Pirates of the Caribbean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people remember the Forester’s role in global history or her first and best friend, Capt. Otto Daerweritz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The skeleton of a huge schooner sits in the mud off the Martinez coast. The life of this boat and how it came to be here says a lot about the role of San Francisco's shipping industry in the early 20th century.",
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"title": "How Did a 184-Foot Shipwreck Wind Up Grounded in the Carquinez Strait? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are always at least a few ships anchored out in San Francisco Bay, a reminder that shipping is and always has been a major part of this area’s economy. Today, those ships are full of consumer goods, wine and produce, but back in the day, San Francisco held a special place in the West Coast lumber trade. Our outgoing ships were full of wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Cameron Tobey loves learning about our area’s maritime history. He went to the California State University Maritime Academy in Vallejo, works for a shipping company and comes from a long line of seafaring people. So, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MartinezHistoricalSociety/photos/a.245809702124343/6092036460834942/?type=3\">the Martinez Historical Society posted on their Facebook page that a low tide would reveal the skeleton of a shipwreck\u003c/a> off the coast of Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline Park, it’s no surprise that Cameron was eager to get a closer look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just seems like a really random place for a ship to end up,” Cameron said. “What led to it ending up being shipwrecked out here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron.jpg\" alt=\"A female park ranger in uniform and hat stands next to a young man in a plaid shirt and cap. They pose in front of the remains of a very old shipwreck.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-VirginiaCameron-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Bay Regional Park District naturalist Virginia Delgado-Martinez and Cameron Tobey pose in front of the Forester shipwreck in Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline Park. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cameron’s question won a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious public voting round\u003c/a>, so I started digging into the ship’s history. The first thing I found is that in mariner lingo it’s not a “ship”; it’s a schooner. The sails run front to back, instead of side-to-side as was more common for ships built in England or New England. This ship’s name is the Forester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forester was built in 1900 at the Hay and Wright shipyard in Alameda for the shipping company Sanders & Kirchmann. A four-masted schooner, the Forester was 184 feet long and could carry 663 tons of cargo. It was a lumber schooner built specifically to carry Douglas fir trees felled in Washington, Oregon and Northern California down to San Francisco and then overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most ships on the West Coast were built near the lumber locations,” said Christopher Edwards, a park ranger at San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park. “So shipyards turning out vessels here in the Bay Area directly, that was usually times of a boom in the shipbuilding industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a green park ranger uniform with a brimmed hat poses for a picture sitting in the hold of a large wooden ship.\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/ChrisEdwards-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park Ranger Christopher Edwards sits in the hold of the C.A. Thayer, a West Coast lumber schooner similar to the Forester. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the turn of the 20th century, the U.S. had just won the Spanish-American War and colonized the Philippines. Suddenly new markets were open to American businesses, and there was a boom in shipbuilding. Lumber operators on the West Coast were chopping down the old growth forests as fast as they could and there was steady demand overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forester traveled to places like Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand and Hawaii, delivering wood and picking up copper, coal and copra — a type of dried coconut meat that can be processed into oil — on the return journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to see a similar schooner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/safr/learn/historyculture/ca-thayer-history.htm\">the C.A. Thayer is an intact three-masted West Coast lumber schooner\u003c/a>, part of the San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park’s “floating collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/The-Forester-loaded-with-lumber-courtesy-of-MHS.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a large boat with four masts, all sails furled. She rides low in the water, but her bow cuts through the waves.\" width=\"288\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/The-Forester-loaded-with-lumber-courtesy-of-MHS.jpg 288w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/The-Forester-loaded-with-lumber-courtesy-of-MHS-160x134.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Forester riding low with a cargo of lumber. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Life on board the Forester\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While plenty of vessels sailed to similar destinations, the Forester was unique in that it had one captain its whole career: Otto Daerweritz, a Czechoslovakian immigrant. He owned a third of the schooner and loved it dearly. We don’t know much about the rest of his crew, but ship logs show that many of them were of Scandinavian descent. There also was almost always a Chinese or Japanese crew member on board, usually the cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cooking jobs at the time wasn’t much desired by Caucasian crew members,” explained \u003ca href=\"https://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/rudolph-ng\">Rudolph Ng\u003c/a>, a professor of global history at the University of Portsmouth in England. “They were paid less and [it was] probably more physically demanding. So they were always left to either the Japanese or the Chinese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asian crew members suffered discrimination while sailing all over the world, but their experience was especially bad in California after the U.S. passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. That law prohibited immigration by Chinese people into the U.S., which affected sailors longing for some time on shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Chinese were allowed to go on shore leave in San Francisco, or anywhere in California, for 30 days. But they had to pay a bond,” Ng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each man would have to put up $500 in collateral for the right to leave the ship. If they didn’t come back within 30 days, they forfeited that money, Ng said. There wasn’t much in the historical record about how Chinese and Japanese crew members on board the Forester were treated, but given this historical context, it’s likely they faced similar discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only first-person account I could find of life aboard the Forester is from a Puerto Rican sailor named Oscar Gonzales, who sailed on the schooner around 1919. \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/SeaLetter1962No3/page/n5/mode/2up\">He shared his memories of the Forester with the Maritime Museum as part of an oral history project.\u003c/a> In his memory, Captain Otto Daerweritz was a good and fair leader. And, apparently, he provided the crew with good food. Gonzales said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Captain Daerweritz was short and stout. He was the best captain in those days that I ever sailed with … There was no trouble with the cargo on the voyage. Just the bugs. The copra bugs used to bother us during the night. They crawl all over and they bite … The food was very good for those days. We used to get fresh pork twice a week and eggs every other day. That was because we had about five dozen chickens on board … We had a very good cook, a good baker, and he used to make good bread.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch3>The end of the Forester’s sailing days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>U.S. imperialism in the Philippines may have created the economic conditions to build the Forester, but world events made the schooner obsolete. During World War I, the U.S. ramped up shipbuilding to support allies in Europe. At the end of the war, there was a glut of brand-new steam-powered vessels that commercial shippers could purchase cheaply. The steam-powered ships could carry more cargo and travel faster than most sailing ships. That spelled the end of the Forester’s international traveling days. By the mid-1920s, the Forester was out of a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1660px\">\u003ca href=\"https://martinezhistory.org/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11902683 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of a man in a worn sport coat and newsies cap leaning on the rail of a ship. A mask and rigging can be seen in the background.\" width=\"1660\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester.jpg 1660w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Captain-Otto-Daeweritz-onboard-the-Forester-1536x1018.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1660px) 100vw, 1660px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Captain Otto Daerweritz on board the Forester. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Daerweritz bought out his partners’ share of the Forester for $8,000 and continued to live on the vessel. He anchored her in the Carquinez Strait at one point, protecting one of the piers of the Carquinez bridge from swift tides while it was being built. When construction was complete, he anchored in the Oakland Estuary for several years until he was asked to leave for getting in the way of shipping. At that point, Daerweritz towed the Forester over to Martinez and grounded it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Forester’s final days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, Radke Martinez Regional Shoreline is part of the East Bay Regional Park District. It’s a tidal marsh that protects the shore from storm surge and provides habitat for critters like the salt marsh harvest mouse. But in the 1930s and ’40s, this same area was a bustling community of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1962px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cocohistory.org/frm-photos.html\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of fishing boats tied up in a creek with rustic buildings built in a marshland.\" width=\"1962\" height=\"1379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb.jpg 1962w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-1020x717.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-1536x1080.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Italian-fisherman-forweb-1920x1349.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1962px) 100vw, 1962px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Italian fishing boats tied up in Alhambra Creek in Martinez. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Contra Costa County Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://martinezhistory.org/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902685\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fishing boats bob in the water, tied up to long piers stretching into the water. Behind them are the Martinez hills.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Boats-floating-in-Strait-1920x1080-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fishing boats bob in the Carquinez Strait near Martinez, where the fishermen made their homes. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of Italian immigrants actually came here and built their town,” said Virginia Delgado-Martinez, a naturalist with the EBRPD. “Definitely it was a community here. And there would have been work. There would have been stores, markets and a lot of trading going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captain Daerweritz settled into this community, living on his boat. He was still there in 1947 when Robert O’Brien, a writer for The San Francisco Chronicle, got curious about the schooner and went to check it out. \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/SeaLetter1962No3/page/n5/mode/2up\">He published this memory of the trip in an article titled “A Rainy Sunday Afternoon”\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[The Forester] makes a snug home for Captain Daerweritz. She’s wired for electricity, but has no water; he carries it on board from shore, and catches rain water for washing purposes. In the tiny, skylighted cabin off the sleeping quarters, there was the table at which we sat. On it were the paper he had been reading, a deck of cards and an ashtray from the Turquoise Room, Hotel Rosslyn, L.A. On the bulkhead over the table was a small painting of the Forester under full sail, done by an amateur, and the ship’s original clock and barometer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a sudden patter of rain on the skylight, and the captain got up at once. ‘Got to get my washing in,’ he said. ‘Should have had it in an hour ago.’ I followed him up the companionway and on to the deck. He hurried forward, took down a few shirts and towels from the clothesline and hung them up inside, over the stove in the galley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘What will happen to the Forester?’ I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘I don’t know,’ he said. ‘She probably will be burned up some day, like the rest of her kind. I’m the only friend she’s got left.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We said goodbye a few minutes later, and he showed me over the side. The rain was coming in heavy gusts from the low gray sky. From the car, Benicia across the strait was dim in the low mist. The Forester, listing slightly to starboard, was dark against the green waters of the strait, and her four masts leaned dark against the sky.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902715\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1700px\">\u003ca href=\"https://martinezhistory.org/mtzforester/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11902715\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view.jpeg\" alt=\"Through the trees a four masted boat can be seen tied up to a rickety pier leading out from the shoreline.\" width=\"1700\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view.jpeg 1700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-800x502.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-1020x640.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-160x100.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/forester_long_view-1536x964.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Forester as it might have looked when Robert O’Brien met Captain Otto Daerweritz on board. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Martinez Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Daerweritz died on board the Forester not too long after this account. He was 83. In the 1950s, the Forester’s owner, a Mr. Charles Fitzgerald, donated many parts of the Forester to the Maritime Museum, including the complete foremast doubling (\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/SeaLetter1962No3/page/n5/mode/2up\">there’s an account of how they did this in the Maritime Museum’s archives\u003c/a>). These were displayed at the Maritime Museum for a time and are still part of its collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Daerweritz predicted to the newspaper reporter, there was a fire aboard what was left of the Forester in the 1970s, although the cause is unknown. Rumors of an insurance scheme abound, but I couldn’t corroborate that story. Other people say it was an accident, kids playing around out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you hike out to the Martinez shoreline at very low tide now, there’s a trail of bricks leading out to the wreck of the Forester. From shore, it’s hard to tell it’s a boat — it looks more like a broken-down pier — but Cameron, our question asker, went out there and climbed around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11902628\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11902628 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Sticky looking mud in the foreground leads up to a line of rotted wood sticking out of the muck. Behind it in the distance a large ship passes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Forester-wreck-w-ship.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At low tide, the remains of the Forester poke out of the mud, barely distinguishable as a boat. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Virginia Delgado-Martinez said the groups of schoolkids she takes on tours to see the Forester like to pretend they’re Captain Jack Sparrow from “Pirates of the Caribbean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people remember the Forester’s role in global history or her first and best friend, Capt. Otto Daerweritz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]P[/dropcap]andemic clean-out, Marie Kondo-ing, spring cleaning … whatever you want to call it — there is a massive purge of clothing coming out of people’s closets right now. Thrift stores across the country have reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/12/entertainment/marie-kondo-konmari-tidying-up-netflix-trnd/index.html\">unprecedented surges\u003c/a> in their clothing donations in recent years — the first boom coincided with the release of the popular Netflix show, “Tidying Up with Marie Kondo,” and another wave came during the \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/covid-19-propels-an-already-surging-secondhand-clothing-market-2020-06-23\">coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what happens to all those old throwaways?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what Bay Curious listener Ellen wants to know. Her question: \u003cstrong>What can you do with used clothing? And what if it’s not suitable for donation sites? Can you recycle the material?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen’s question won a Bay Curious voting round by the largest margin we’ve ever seen. And for good reason. In North America, \u003ca href=\"https://issuu.com/fashionrevolution/docs/fr_zine2_rgb/8\">10.5 million tons\u003c/a> of clothes go to landfills every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>First, Try to Keep Clothes as Clothes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To find out what is being done about this in the Bay Area, I started with my own closet. I’m moving from the Bay Area and I asked a friend of mine, Mairin Wilson, to help me sort my stuff. She’s an expert on sustainable clothing and says the first step in the recycling process is to try to keep the clothes as clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer the clothing can just be worn as clothing, the more sustainable it is,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She suggested we try to resell as much of my clothing as possible. We separated it into piles, ranked from high to low quality, to sell on online platforms like Poshmark, thredUP and Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Top Tips From This Story\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Try to sell your unwanted clothes, give them away to friends or repurpose the item in your own life.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you can’t sell clothing — donate it. Places like Goodwill try to keep clothing in use. Still, some of what gets donated ends up in the landfill.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recycle the clothing. A few options to explore: \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/textiles?fbclid=IwAR1tJPm5DTr5a8B8vX46XZ4LpMEl_U_-ixlOrJ3bx8JBfdYzGFzkEuRizIg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SF Environment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/zero_waste_boxes/fabrics-and-clothing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TerraCycle\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://fordays.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">For Days\u003c/a>. More options are coming to the Bay Area soon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Right now, blended fabrics are more difficult to recycle than something that is 100% cotton, 100% polyester or 100% wool. Opt for 100% when you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Buy less. And commit to wearing what you do buy \u003ca href=\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/livia-firth-every-time-you-shop-always-think-will-i-wear-this-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least 30 times\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wilson says this is an exciting moment in the fashion world because consumers are starting to get value back from their clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes you want to buy that higher-quality sweater,” she says. “Clothing no longer becomes this one-time purchase. It becomes an investment. And it’s not just buying high-quality clothing for yourself. It’s for the future of the garment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donating clothing to a thrift shop or Goodwill is a solid option, too —we’ll get more into how that works below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, there was the clothing that I couldn’t resell or donate, the pile of my old socks, undies, and clothes with rips and stains. The stuff usually destined for the trash can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best option for these worn-out items is to be turned back into fabric, if possible. There are just a handful of facilities worldwide that do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11760170 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Woman lighting small piece of clothing on fire over a plate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mairin Wilson lights the corner of a T-shirt to test what material it is. This shirt is cotton since it immediately ignited — and it smelled like a campfire. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the first challenges that textile recyclers face when they receive used clothing is determining what type of fibers an item is made from. Wilson demonstrated how companies will burn pieces of clothing to learn if they’re cotton, polyester, wool or some type of blend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“E\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">very fabric is going to burn a little bit differently, and the smell of the smoke will be a little different,” says Wilson. “With polyester, it’s like if you were to burn plastic. At first it curls away. But then 100 percent cotton will immediately ignite.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11760214\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close-up look at clothes compressed in a clothing bale at Goodwill. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>If You Can’t Resell or Donate … Recycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One clothing company based in L.A. is working with textile recycling facilities in South Carolina and Spain to turn used clothes back into new clothes. It’s called \u003ca href=\"https://fordays.com/\">For Days\u003c/a> and it has a unique membership model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We offer a join-and-swap model,” says co-founder Kristy Caylor. “Basically, you select your tees, tanks or sweats, and then you can change the old ones out for new ones anytime, for any reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Days takes those used clothes and turns them back into new ones using a mechanical recycling process. (And if you send in a bag of used clothes to be recycled, they will give you a discount. That’s what I did.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We chop up the old clothing, it gets blended together, some virgin fiber is added to it, it’s made into yarn and then it’s remade into clothes or other stuff, depending on the yarn,” says Caylor. “So that’s why we know how to recycle clothes, because we do it as part of our business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more retailers now offer clothing recycling programs, and some will give you a store discount for participating. Madewell gives a discount on purchase of a new pair of jeans if you turn in an old pair. The North Face offers $10 off a purchase of $100 if you turn in a bag of gently used clothing. Patagonia and Levis both offer repair services on their clothes. REI allows trade-in on some used items they can resell.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the Horizon in Bay Area Textile Recycling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If your clothing is so damaged that it cannot be reused, it may need to be recycled. Used textiles can be broken down and turned into things like insulation, rags, carpet or acoustic sound paneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth911.org has a tool to help you \u003ca href=\"https://earth911.com/recycling-guide/how-to-recycle-clothing-accessories/#recycling-locator\">find a textile recycling drop off near you.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodwill of San Francisco, San Mateo and Marin Counties is at the very beginning of developing their own recycling technology, says CEO William Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11760194 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiffany Lumpsey sorts through clothing at Goodwill’s sorting facility in South San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of leading the charge around working with innovators who are able to separate fabric, right? So if you have something that’s 50% cotton, 50% polyester, they’re able to separate it mechanically and then use these as virgin fiber. So virgin polyester. Virgin cotton,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the clothes that Goodwill doesn’t sell in its retail stores or online boutiques either get packaged in bulk to send to vendors or go to the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11760191\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clothes that Goodwill can’t sell get compressed in this baler and sold to third-party vendors. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the vendors buy Goodwill’s clothes to turn them into rags, like United Textile in San Leandro. But many of the other vendors ship the clothes to Mexico or overseas to sell in secondhand clothing markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rogers made the case that these clothes help people in poverty, others argue the influx of cheap clothes destroys local clothing industries, and that a lot of the clothing ends up in landfills abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers says that Goodwill currently sends about 5 percent of its clothes to the landfill, which is typical for the fashion industry overall. But they are hoping, with their new facility, to get this down to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it’s a really exciting moment because it means that we may actually have the opportunity to never have to put a textile in the landfill again,” says Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published in July 2019. Information was updated in January 2022.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">P\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>andemic clean-out, Marie Kondo-ing, spring cleaning … whatever you want to call it — there is a massive purge of clothing coming out of people’s closets right now. Thrift stores across the country have reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/12/entertainment/marie-kondo-konmari-tidying-up-netflix-trnd/index.html\">unprecedented surges\u003c/a> in their clothing donations in recent years — the first boom coincided with the release of the popular Netflix show, “Tidying Up with Marie Kondo,” and another wave came during the \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketwatch.com/story/covid-19-propels-an-already-surging-secondhand-clothing-market-2020-06-23\">coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what happens to all those old throwaways?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is what Bay Curious listener Ellen wants to know. Her question: \u003cstrong>What can you do with used clothing? And what if it’s not suitable for donation sites? Can you recycle the material?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen’s question won a Bay Curious voting round by the largest margin we’ve ever seen. And for good reason. In North America, \u003ca href=\"https://issuu.com/fashionrevolution/docs/fr_zine2_rgb/8\">10.5 million tons\u003c/a> of clothes go to landfills every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>First, Try to Keep Clothes as Clothes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To find out what is being done about this in the Bay Area, I started with my own closet. I’m moving from the Bay Area and I asked a friend of mine, Mairin Wilson, to help me sort my stuff. She’s an expert on sustainable clothing and says the first step in the recycling process is to try to keep the clothes as clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer the clothing can just be worn as clothing, the more sustainable it is,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She suggested we try to resell as much of my clothing as possible. We separated it into piles, ranked from high to low quality, to sell on online platforms like Poshmark, thredUP and Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Top Tips From This Story\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Try to sell your unwanted clothes, give them away to friends or repurpose the item in your own life.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you can’t sell clothing — donate it. Places like Goodwill try to keep clothing in use. Still, some of what gets donated ends up in the landfill.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Recycle the clothing. A few options to explore: \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/textiles?fbclid=IwAR1tJPm5DTr5a8B8vX46XZ4LpMEl_U_-ixlOrJ3bx8JBfdYzGFzkEuRizIg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SF Environment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/zero_waste_boxes/fabrics-and-clothing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TerraCycle\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://fordays.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">For Days\u003c/a>. More options are coming to the Bay Area soon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Right now, blended fabrics are more difficult to recycle than something that is 100% cotton, 100% polyester or 100% wool. Opt for 100% when you can.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Buy less. And commit to wearing what you do buy \u003ca href=\"https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/livia-firth-every-time-you-shop-always-think-will-i-wear-this-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least 30 times\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wilson says this is an exciting moment in the fashion world because consumers are starting to get value back from their clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes you want to buy that higher-quality sweater,” she says. “Clothing no longer becomes this one-time purchase. It becomes an investment. And it’s not just buying high-quality clothing for yourself. It’s for the future of the garment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donating clothing to a thrift shop or Goodwill is a solid option, too —we’ll get more into how that works below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, there was the clothing that I couldn’t resell or donate, the pile of my old socks, undies, and clothes with rips and stains. The stuff usually destined for the trash can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best option for these worn-out items is to be turned back into fabric, if possible. There are just a handful of facilities worldwide that do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11760170 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Woman lighting small piece of clothing on fire over a plate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mairin Wilson lights the corner of a T-shirt to test what material it is. This shirt is cotton since it immediately ignited — and it smelled like a campfire. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the first challenges that textile recyclers face when they receive used clothing is determining what type of fibers an item is made from. Wilson demonstrated how companies will burn pieces of clothing to learn if they’re cotton, polyester, wool or some type of blend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“E\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">very fabric is going to burn a little bit differently, and the smell of the smoke will be a little different,” says Wilson. “With polyester, it’s like if you were to burn plastic. At first it curls away. But then 100 percent cotton will immediately ignite.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11760214\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-16.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A close-up look at clothes compressed in a clothing bale at Goodwill. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>If You Can’t Resell or Donate … Recycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One clothing company based in L.A. is working with textile recycling facilities in South Carolina and Spain to turn used clothes back into new clothes. It’s called \u003ca href=\"https://fordays.com/\">For Days\u003c/a> and it has a unique membership model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We offer a join-and-swap model,” says co-founder Kristy Caylor. “Basically, you select your tees, tanks or sweats, and then you can change the old ones out for new ones anytime, for any reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Days takes those used clothes and turns them back into new ones using a mechanical recycling process. (And if you send in a bag of used clothes to be recycled, they will give you a discount. That’s what I did.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We chop up the old clothing, it gets blended together, some virgin fiber is added to it, it’s made into yarn and then it’s remade into clothes or other stuff, depending on the yarn,” says Caylor. “So that’s why we know how to recycle clothes, because we do it as part of our business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more retailers now offer clothing recycling programs, and some will give you a store discount for participating. Madewell gives a discount on purchase of a new pair of jeans if you turn in an old pair. The North Face offers $10 off a purchase of $100 if you turn in a bag of gently used clothing. Patagonia and Levis both offer repair services on their clothes. REI allows trade-in on some used items they can resell.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On the Horizon in Bay Area Textile Recycling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If your clothing is so damaged that it cannot be reused, it may need to be recycled. Used textiles can be broken down and turned into things like insulation, rags, carpet or acoustic sound paneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth911.org has a tool to help you \u003ca href=\"https://earth911.com/recycling-guide/how-to-recycle-clothing-accessories/#recycling-locator\">find a textile recycling drop off near you.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodwill of San Francisco, San Mateo and Marin Counties is at the very beginning of developing their own recycling technology, says CEO William Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11760194 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-6.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiffany Lumpsey sorts through clothing at Goodwill’s sorting facility in South San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of leading the charge around working with innovators who are able to separate fabric, right? So if you have something that’s 50% cotton, 50% polyester, they’re able to separate it mechanically and then use these as virgin fiber. So virgin polyester. Virgin cotton,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the clothes that Goodwill doesn’t sell in its retail stores or online boutiques either get packaged in bulk to send to vendors or go to the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11760191\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Clothes-14.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clothes that Goodwill can’t sell get compressed in this baler and sold to third-party vendors. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the vendors buy Goodwill’s clothes to turn them into rags, like United Textile in San Leandro. But many of the other vendors ship the clothes to Mexico or overseas to sell in secondhand clothing markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rogers made the case that these clothes help people in poverty, others argue the influx of cheap clothes destroys local clothing industries, and that a lot of the clothing ends up in landfills abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers says that Goodwill currently sends about 5 percent of its clothes to the landfill, which is typical for the fashion industry overall. But they are hoping, with their new facility, to get this down to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it’s a really exciting moment because it means that we may actually have the opportunity to never have to put a textile in the landfill again,” says Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published in July 2019. Information was updated in January 2022.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How You Can Help Save the Monarch Butterfly and Other Pollinators",
"headTitle": "How You Can Help Save the Monarch Butterfly and Other Pollinators | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>This is a good year to catch a glimpse of monarch butterflies waiting out the winter in places like Pacific Grove and Pismo Beach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary reports say that over 200,000 monarchs have gathered along coastal California where they are roosting together in chandelier-like formations to stay warm. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s encouraging news after 2020’s record low, when fewer than 2,000 Western monarch butterflies were spotted during the \u003ca href=\"//www.westernmonarchcount.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">annual Thanksgiving count\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as encouraging as this year’s overwintering numbers are, monarchs are still in danger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasons: loss of habitat and food sources. Pesticide use. Climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to pinpoint in any one year, in any given location, what the driving factor is,” said Angela Laws with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.xerces.org/\">Xerces Society for Invertebrate Protection\u003c/a>. “It’s multiple things operating at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Good intentions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When a Bay Curious listener named Ellea, who lives in Richmond, heard the news that so few Western monarch butterflies were counted in California, she wanted to help. She planted some milkweed — the only plant that Western monarch caterpillars eat — and tried to raise some monarchs to release into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things didn’t go as planned. Only about half her caterpillars matured to adult butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was devastated by that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And her milkweed wasn’t doing so well either. One plant seemed to disappear altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Monarch butterflies are plummeting toward extinction. This is my first year trying to raise them,” Ellea wrote to Bay Curious. “I’m shocked at the difficulties in getting, planting and protecting native milkweeds. Why is it so hard?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Smith of the \u003ca href=\"https://pollinatorposse.org/\">Pollinator Posse\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based nonprofit that educates and trains people to help pollinators like the Western monarch, said she heard from a lot of people who started to rear monarchs in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as well intentioned as those efforts are, raising butterflies without a permit is actually illegal in California, the same as it would be for any wild animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People thought that because they were insects, they didn’t count,” said Tora Rocha, Smith’s co-founder of the Pollinator Posse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FJld_tIpPk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that when humans help monarchs through the delicate metamorphosis from egg to adult butterfly, it can actually hurt the species. \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/blog/keep-monarchs-wild\">It produces butterflies less likely to survive migration\u003c/a> and contributes to the spread of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (commonly known as “OE”), a parasite that kills monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re “raising them in a false climate,” said Rocha.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to plant pollinator-friendly gardens\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But there’s good news for anyone interested in helping monarchs: You can take plenty of other actions, whatever your skill or commitment level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Planting habitat, reducing pesticide use in your community or pressuring elected officials at all levels of government to enact real solutions to climate change — these things are going to have a big impact on monarchs and all of the other pollinator species who are also in need of conservation help,” said Laws from the Xerces Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocha said that you don’t need a big garden to make an impact. Even one or two nectar plants on a stoop or balcony helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901413\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/tora-rocha-garden-gate-2.jpg\" alt=\"A woman dressed in a shirt that says Polinator Posse on it stands in front of ornate iron gates leading to a garden.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1767\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tora Rocha, co-founder of the Pollinator Posse, stands in front of the gates at The Gardens at Lake Merritt, in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Amanda Stupi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But if you’re planning to grow milkweed, be sure to find some that’s native to California. Native milkweed goes dormant in the winter, which reinforces the monarch’s migration pattern. But tropical milkweed, often sold at plant nurseries, can increase the spread of OE, that deadly parasite that kills monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of information about milkweed varieties on the internet — it can get overwhelming. One good resource is this \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-004.pdf\">fact-sheet from the Xerces Society\u003c/a>, which recommends types of milkweeds to plant and types to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of gardening, finding a place where your native milkweed will grow requires some trial and error, and patience, said Rocha. “They want sun, they want heat,” said Rocha. “Things that go dormant take a little longer to establish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some growers make the mistake of thinking that their native milkweed has died when, really, it’s doing what it’s supposed to: taking a winter break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native plant societies often have plant sales where you can purchase milkweed and other nectar plants. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnps.org/chapters\">There are chapters all over the country and you can search for the one nearest to you.\u003c/a> There are also nurseries that specialize in plants native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el_lPd2oFV4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, native milkweed can sometimes be hard to find. It’s in high demand, and garden clubs and plant societies often sell out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are plenty of other plants you can grow to support the Western monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s true that milkweed is essential for breeding and for feeding caterpillars, the monarchs’ main activity in the Bay Area is overwintering, when the butterfly enters a stage of reproductive diapause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to keep their fat stores up to survive the winter, and that means they have to stay alive for four months,” said Rocha. “So they need to get nectar, and [in the Bay Area] we don’t have a lot of nectar in the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pollinatorposse.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/pollinator-posse-native-plant-list-sw-5-29-15-sheet1.pdf\">The Pollinator Posse website lists nectar plants by color\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DD_3Yj-rk7OhNHdnIfOh8kL8003_8f9n/view\">month that they bloom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Xerces Society offers a list as well that provides \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-046_01_MonarchNectarPlants_California_web-3pg.pdf\">information on the types of insects the plants attract\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pushing for fewer pesticides\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Along with habitat destruction, pesticides are one of the reasons for the Western monarchs’ steep decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pesticideimpacts.org/neonicotinoids\">Neonicotinoids are a widely used type of pesticide that pollinator supporters want banned.\u003c/a> They spread through every part of a plant and can stay in the plant and soil for years. The European Union banned the outdoor use of “neonics” in 2018, in part because of their impact on bees. The city of Oakland also has committed to not using neonics in its landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901416\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901416\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee.jpg\" alt=\"A garden hut holds pieces of deadwood stacked neatly in cubbies. A sign reads AirBeeNBee.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To make The Gardens at Lake Merritt more pollinator-friendly, Tora Rocha advocated for this ‘AirBeeNBee,’ created from decaying wood pieces. \u003ccite>(Amanda Stupi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Angela Laws and Tora Rocha say asking about pesticide use when you buy plants sends an important message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if people start hearing from many of their customers that this is something that they want, I feel like that will lead to big change,” said Laws. “So just asking, I feel like it’s really powerful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocha finds it particularly frustrating that nurseries use neonicotinoids and other pesticides on plants they advertise as pollinator-friendly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nurseries use it because they only have to spray it once and it’s just cheap,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ask the nurseries the hard questions,” said Rocha. “Because they’ll tell us they have to spray because no one wants to buy a plant with aphids. Well, we want to see aphids because then we know it hasn’t been sprayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Citizen scientists observe and report monarch populations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rocha said the other big thing you can do to help Western monarchs is count them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to look into more observation. We just don’t have the answers,” said Rocha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/volunteers-adjusted.jpg\" alt=\"Two women wearing masks search a verdant green bush for monarch eggs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1695\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two volunteers search for monarch eggs and caterpillars at Children’s Fairyland in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Amanda Stupi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is especially important given that some monarchs are staying year-round in places they used to use only for overwintering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now it seems like there’s a year-round population that just stays in the Bay Area all year and doesn’t migrate,” said Laws. “We don’t know much about that population yet. What’s driving it? We don’t know if some of those individuals do migrate, and we also don’t know how sustainable that is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBdSXxER3CWEn0BNDbwfcrX-BSo-cdElFyZkDBwQ2pLOxKTQ/viewform\">report your butterfly and caterpillar sightings online at the Pollinator Posse website\u003c/a> or volunteer to collect data for them at places like Children’s Fairyland. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/\">Xerces Society’s Thanksgiving Count\u003c/a>, which just completed its 25th year, relies heavily on volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the world of butterflies, there’s a tradition of citizen scientists contributing in major ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists didn’t know where monarchs went in the winter,” said Rocha. “It was citizen scientists that tagged them and found them in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help one pollinator, you help them all\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As much work as Rocha has done to help monarchs, it was bees that first got her involved in protecting pollinators. She sees the monarch as a flashy ambassador that draws people into caring about the plight of pollinators in general. And that’s fine by her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901421\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of butterflies cluster on tree branches, making it look like an orange and black chandelier.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During colder months, monarch butterflies overwinter, clustering on trees to stay warm. \u003ccite>(JHVEPhoto/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once you help one pollinator, you’re really helping them all,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of the nectar plants that support monarchs support other species, too. Similarly, limiting the monarchs’ exposure to pesticides means other insects will be exposed less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t let the monarchs go, because it means we’re failing the rest of the pollinators,” said Rocha. “If we’re willing to let an iconic species die, then we’ve really messed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Don’t call it a comeback … yet\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 200,000 plus monarchs spotted overwintering across California during 2021’s census have certainly renewed Rocha’s hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she knows that a good year does not signal a full recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insect populations tend to bounce around a lot,” said Laws. “They can go really high and really low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2021 numbers are coming after multiple years of very low numbers — and remember, there were millions of monarchs in California as recently as the 1980s. In that context, 200,000 doesn’t seem like such a victory. And the Western monarch still lacks protection at the federal and state level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps this year’s showing is the monarch’s way of telling humans not to give up on them, that given adequate habitat and protection, they can thrive once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources to get you started\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Pollinator Posse’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DD_3Yj-rk7OhNHdnIfOh8kL8003_8f9n/view\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">list of pollinator-friendly plants is a good starting point with big pictures.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Xerces Society’s \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-004.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">one-sheet on milkweed provides vital information without sending you down a rabbit-hole.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Calscape.org\u003c/a> is an overall good resource. It \u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/nurseries.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">lists nurseries that sell native plants\u003c/a>. The website also has a \u003ca href=\"https://gardenplanner.calscape.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">fun quiz \u003c/a>to help you plan your garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Xerces Society offers tips for \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/19-053_Buying%20Bee-Safe%20Nursery%20Plants_4%20pg%20%281%29.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">what to ask nurseries about their pest-management practices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://pollinatorposse.org/projects/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">information on how to help the Pollinator Posse gather data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For information about helping the annual Thanksgiving and New Year’s counts visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Western Monarch Count.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7SSt0hqu6Y\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Western monarch butterflies migrate to California, where they overwinter. Other monarchs migrate thousands of miles to Mexico. When they arrive, they need nectar flowers and milkweed to survive, but climate change, pesticide use and loss of habitat are threatening these magical creatures.",
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"description": "Western monarch butterflies migrate to California, where they overwinter. Other monarchs migrate thousands of miles to Mexico. When they arrive, they need nectar flowers and milkweed to survive, but climate change, pesticide use and loss of habitat are threatening these magical creatures.",
"title": "How You Can Help Save the Monarch Butterfly and Other Pollinators | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This is a good year to catch a glimpse of monarch butterflies waiting out the winter in places like Pacific Grove and Pismo Beach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preliminary reports say that over 200,000 monarchs have gathered along coastal California where they are roosting together in chandelier-like formations to stay warm. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s encouraging news after 2020’s record low, when fewer than 2,000 Western monarch butterflies were spotted during the \u003ca href=\"//www.westernmonarchcount.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">annual Thanksgiving count\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as encouraging as this year’s overwintering numbers are, monarchs are still in danger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reasons: loss of habitat and food sources. Pesticide use. Climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to pinpoint in any one year, in any given location, what the driving factor is,” said Angela Laws with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.xerces.org/\">Xerces Society for Invertebrate Protection\u003c/a>. “It’s multiple things operating at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Good intentions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When a Bay Curious listener named Ellea, who lives in Richmond, heard the news that so few Western monarch butterflies were counted in California, she wanted to help. She planted some milkweed — the only plant that Western monarch caterpillars eat — and tried to raise some monarchs to release into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things didn’t go as planned. Only about half her caterpillars matured to adult butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was devastated by that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And her milkweed wasn’t doing so well either. One plant seemed to disappear altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Monarch butterflies are plummeting toward extinction. This is my first year trying to raise them,” Ellea wrote to Bay Curious. “I’m shocked at the difficulties in getting, planting and protecting native milkweeds. Why is it so hard?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Smith of the \u003ca href=\"https://pollinatorposse.org/\">Pollinator Posse\u003c/a>, an Oakland-based nonprofit that educates and trains people to help pollinators like the Western monarch, said she heard from a lot of people who started to rear monarchs in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as well intentioned as those efforts are, raising butterflies without a permit is actually illegal in California, the same as it would be for any wild animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People thought that because they were insects, they didn’t count,” said Tora Rocha, Smith’s co-founder of the Pollinator Posse.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/0FJld_tIpPk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/0FJld_tIpPk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Research shows that when humans help monarchs through the delicate metamorphosis from egg to adult butterfly, it can actually hurt the species. \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/blog/keep-monarchs-wild\">It produces butterflies less likely to survive migration\u003c/a> and contributes to the spread of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (commonly known as “OE”), a parasite that kills monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re “raising them in a false climate,” said Rocha.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to plant pollinator-friendly gardens\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But there’s good news for anyone interested in helping monarchs: You can take plenty of other actions, whatever your skill or commitment level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Planting habitat, reducing pesticide use in your community or pressuring elected officials at all levels of government to enact real solutions to climate change — these things are going to have a big impact on monarchs and all of the other pollinator species who are also in need of conservation help,” said Laws from the Xerces Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocha said that you don’t need a big garden to make an impact. Even one or two nectar plants on a stoop or balcony helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901413\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/tora-rocha-garden-gate-2.jpg\" alt=\"A woman dressed in a shirt that says Polinator Posse on it stands in front of ornate iron gates leading to a garden.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1767\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tora Rocha, co-founder of the Pollinator Posse, stands in front of the gates at The Gardens at Lake Merritt, in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Amanda Stupi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But if you’re planning to grow milkweed, be sure to find some that’s native to California. Native milkweed goes dormant in the winter, which reinforces the monarch’s migration pattern. But tropical milkweed, often sold at plant nurseries, can increase the spread of OE, that deadly parasite that kills monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of information about milkweed varieties on the internet — it can get overwhelming. One good resource is this \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-004.pdf\">fact-sheet from the Xerces Society\u003c/a>, which recommends types of milkweeds to plant and types to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of gardening, finding a place where your native milkweed will grow requires some trial and error, and patience, said Rocha. “They want sun, they want heat,” said Rocha. “Things that go dormant take a little longer to establish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some growers make the mistake of thinking that their native milkweed has died when, really, it’s doing what it’s supposed to: taking a winter break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native plant societies often have plant sales where you can purchase milkweed and other nectar plants. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnps.org/chapters\">There are chapters all over the country and you can search for the one nearest to you.\u003c/a> There are also nurseries that specialize in plants native to California.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/el_lPd2oFV4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/el_lPd2oFV4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>That said, native milkweed can sometimes be hard to find. It’s in high demand, and garden clubs and plant societies often sell out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are plenty of other plants you can grow to support the Western monarch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s true that milkweed is essential for breeding and for feeding caterpillars, the monarchs’ main activity in the Bay Area is overwintering, when the butterfly enters a stage of reproductive diapause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to keep their fat stores up to survive the winter, and that means they have to stay alive for four months,” said Rocha. “So they need to get nectar, and [in the Bay Area] we don’t have a lot of nectar in the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pollinatorposse.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/pollinator-posse-native-plant-list-sw-5-29-15-sheet1.pdf\">The Pollinator Posse website lists nectar plants by color\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DD_3Yj-rk7OhNHdnIfOh8kL8003_8f9n/view\">month that they bloom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Xerces Society offers a list as well that provides \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-046_01_MonarchNectarPlants_California_web-3pg.pdf\">information on the types of insects the plants attract\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pushing for fewer pesticides\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Along with habitat destruction, pesticides are one of the reasons for the Western monarchs’ steep decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pesticideimpacts.org/neonicotinoids\">Neonicotinoids are a widely used type of pesticide that pollinator supporters want banned.\u003c/a> They spread through every part of a plant and can stay in the plant and soil for years. The European Union banned the outdoor use of “neonics” in 2018, in part because of their impact on bees. The city of Oakland also has committed to not using neonics in its landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901416\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901416\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee.jpg\" alt=\"A garden hut holds pieces of deadwood stacked neatly in cubbies. A sign reads AirBeeNBee.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/AirBeeNBee-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">To make The Gardens at Lake Merritt more pollinator-friendly, Tora Rocha advocated for this ‘AirBeeNBee,’ created from decaying wood pieces. \u003ccite>(Amanda Stupi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Angela Laws and Tora Rocha say asking about pesticide use when you buy plants sends an important message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if people start hearing from many of their customers that this is something that they want, I feel like that will lead to big change,” said Laws. “So just asking, I feel like it’s really powerful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocha finds it particularly frustrating that nurseries use neonicotinoids and other pesticides on plants they advertise as pollinator-friendly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nurseries use it because they only have to spray it once and it’s just cheap,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ask the nurseries the hard questions,” said Rocha. “Because they’ll tell us they have to spray because no one wants to buy a plant with aphids. Well, we want to see aphids because then we know it hasn’t been sprayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Citizen scientists observe and report monarch populations\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Rocha said the other big thing you can do to help Western monarchs is count them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to look into more observation. We just don’t have the answers,” said Rocha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901418\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/volunteers-adjusted.jpg\" alt=\"Two women wearing masks search a verdant green bush for monarch eggs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1695\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two volunteers search for monarch eggs and caterpillars at Children’s Fairyland in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Amanda Stupi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is especially important given that some monarchs are staying year-round in places they used to use only for overwintering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now it seems like there’s a year-round population that just stays in the Bay Area all year and doesn’t migrate,” said Laws. “We don’t know much about that population yet. What’s driving it? We don’t know if some of those individuals do migrate, and we also don’t know how sustainable that is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdBdSXxER3CWEn0BNDbwfcrX-BSo-cdElFyZkDBwQ2pLOxKTQ/viewform\">report your butterfly and caterpillar sightings online at the Pollinator Posse website\u003c/a> or volunteer to collect data for them at places like Children’s Fairyland. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/\">Xerces Society’s Thanksgiving Count\u003c/a>, which just completed its 25th year, relies heavily on volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the world of butterflies, there’s a tradition of citizen scientists contributing in major ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists didn’t know where monarchs went in the winter,” said Rocha. “It was citizen scientists that tagged them and found them in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help one pollinator, you help them all\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As much work as Rocha has done to help monarchs, it was bees that first got her involved in protecting pollinators. She sees the monarch as a flashy ambassador that draws people into caring about the plight of pollinators in general. And that’s fine by her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11901421\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of butterflies cluster on tree branches, making it look like an orange and black chandelier.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/Monarch-cluster-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During colder months, monarch butterflies overwinter, clustering on trees to stay warm. \u003ccite>(JHVEPhoto/iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once you help one pollinator, you’re really helping them all,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of the nectar plants that support monarchs support other species, too. Similarly, limiting the monarchs’ exposure to pesticides means other insects will be exposed less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t let the monarchs go, because it means we’re failing the rest of the pollinators,” said Rocha. “If we’re willing to let an iconic species die, then we’ve really messed up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Don’t call it a comeback … yet\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 200,000 plus monarchs spotted overwintering across California during 2021’s census have certainly renewed Rocha’s hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she knows that a good year does not signal a full recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insect populations tend to bounce around a lot,” said Laws. “They can go really high and really low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2021 numbers are coming after multiple years of very low numbers — and remember, there were millions of monarchs in California as recently as the 1980s. In that context, 200,000 doesn’t seem like such a victory. And the Western monarch still lacks protection at the federal and state level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps this year’s showing is the monarch’s way of telling humans not to give up on them, that given adequate habitat and protection, they can thrive once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Resources to get you started\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Pollinator Posse’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DD_3Yj-rk7OhNHdnIfOh8kL8003_8f9n/view\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">list of pollinator-friendly plants is a good starting point with big pictures.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Xerces Society’s \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/publications/19-004.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">one-sheet on milkweed provides vital information without sending you down a rabbit-hole.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Calscape.org\u003c/a> is an overall good resource. It \u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/nurseries.php\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">lists nurseries that sell native plants\u003c/a>. The website also has a \u003ca href=\"https://gardenplanner.calscape.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">fun quiz \u003c/a>to help you plan your garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Xerces Society offers tips for \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/sites/default/files/19-053_Buying%20Bee-Safe%20Nursery%20Plants_4%20pg%20%281%29.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">what to ask nurseries about their pest-management practices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://pollinatorposse.org/projects/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">information on how to help the Pollinator Posse gather data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For information about helping the annual Thanksgiving and New Year’s counts visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernmonarchcount.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Western Monarch Count.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/u7SSt0hqu6Y'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/u7SSt0hqu6Y'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The last few years have been full of disruption for Bay Area residents, but one change in particular has caught many people’s attention. When Bay Area leaders started issuing stay-at-home orders due to the coronavirus pandemic in March of 2020, Caltrans pulled toll takers from their booths to help stop the spread of the virus. They sped up an existing plan to automate toll taking on the seven state-owned bridges in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For drivers who have set up FasTrak or a license plate account, that change isn’t a big deal. But for the thousands of people who don’t have automated accounts set up, this was a major change. When they cross a bridge, an invoice is now sent to the address attached to their car’s registration.\u003cbr>\n[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these changes were happening, Bay Curious listeners were writing to us \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11868435/end-of-an-era-no-more-toll-takers-on-bay-area-bridges\">wondering what happened to the toll workers\u003c/a>, what their absence would mean for toll collection and, eventually, alerting us to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11895338/high-pain-low-gain-how-bridge-toll-penalties-pile-debt-on-low-income-drivers\">escalating problem of toll debt stemming from high penalties attached to unpaid tolls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was something I wasn’t worried about before the pandemic,” said Paul Briley, for whom $588 in missed tolls has mushroomed into more than $6,000 of toll debt. “I pay my dues. I mean, if somebody was there I would have paid. It’s not like I was trying to beat the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briley lives in Richmond, but crosses the Bay Bridge often to help his grandmother in San Francisco with errands. His toll notices were going to an old address, so he never saw them. And for each unpaid $6 toll, he was assessed $70 in penalties. That added up quickly. Now, he’s facing a mountain of debt — all, he says, because he was slow to get on board with the new toll system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briley is not alone. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission has heard from dozens of people in similar situations, although the total number of people suffering under massive toll debt is unknown. Over the course of 2021, the depth of the problem has become clearer. The MTC even voted to reduce the penalties associated with unpaid tolls retroactively. But advocates for indebted drivers say the move doesn’t go far enough. They want to see the notification system changed altogether and say transit authorities need to create payment plans for folks to get out of debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Curious team sent KQED’s transportation and infrastructure editor and reporter Dan Brekke some of the emails we received from people struggling to pay their toll debts. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11895338/high-pain-low-gain-how-bridge-toll-penalties-pile-debt-on-low-income-drivers\">He looked into how they got where they are, what could be changed about the system and why essential workers have been hit hardest by this change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The last few years have been full of disruption for Bay Area residents, but one change in particular has caught many people’s attention. When Bay Area leaders started issuing stay-at-home orders due to the coronavirus pandemic in March of 2020, Caltrans pulled toll takers from their booths to help stop the spread of the virus. They sped up an existing plan to automate toll taking on the seven state-owned bridges in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For drivers who have set up FasTrak or a license plate account, that change isn’t a big deal. But for the thousands of people who don’t have automated accounts set up, this was a major change. When they cross a bridge, an invoice is now sent to the address attached to their car’s registration.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these changes were happening, Bay Curious listeners were writing to us \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11868435/end-of-an-era-no-more-toll-takers-on-bay-area-bridges\">wondering what happened to the toll workers\u003c/a>, what their absence would mean for toll collection and, eventually, alerting us to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11895338/high-pain-low-gain-how-bridge-toll-penalties-pile-debt-on-low-income-drivers\">escalating problem of toll debt stemming from high penalties attached to unpaid tolls\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was something I wasn’t worried about before the pandemic,” said Paul Briley, for whom $588 in missed tolls has mushroomed into more than $6,000 of toll debt. “I pay my dues. I mean, if somebody was there I would have paid. It’s not like I was trying to beat the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briley lives in Richmond, but crosses the Bay Bridge often to help his grandmother in San Francisco with errands. His toll notices were going to an old address, so he never saw them. And for each unpaid $6 toll, he was assessed $70 in penalties. That added up quickly. Now, he’s facing a mountain of debt — all, he says, because he was slow to get on board with the new toll system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Briley is not alone. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission has heard from dozens of people in similar situations, although the total number of people suffering under massive toll debt is unknown. Over the course of 2021, the depth of the problem has become clearer. The MTC even voted to reduce the penalties associated with unpaid tolls retroactively. But advocates for indebted drivers say the move doesn’t go far enough. They want to see the notification system changed altogether and say transit authorities need to create payment plans for folks to get out of debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Curious team sent KQED’s transportation and infrastructure editor and reporter Dan Brekke some of the emails we received from people struggling to pay their toll debts. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11895338/high-pain-low-gain-how-bridge-toll-penalties-pile-debt-on-low-income-drivers\">He looked into how they got where they are, what could be changed about the system and why essential workers have been hit hardest by this change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was first published on January 24, 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about America’s biggest cities, many have a recognizable accent — from the shifting vowels of Chicago to the dropped R’s of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This early Joan Rivers standup clip provides a good example of what many people might identify as a New York accent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=EpPCFoXXhF0\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=EpPCFoXXhF0\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you ask people for an example of a San Francisco accent, some might say they hear it in San Francisco Mayor London Breed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Breed.mp3\" br=\"\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003cbr>\nOr Grateful Dead frontman Jerry Garcia:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Garcia.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or comedian Ali Wong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Wong.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed, Garcia and Wong are all San Francisco natives — \u003cem>born and raised\u003c/em> in the city. And they all have very different ways of speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious \u003c/a>listener Jonathan Morton wants to know: “Is there still such a thing as a San Francisco accent? Or have migration and television erased it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So logically every single person has an accent, because everyone has some set of pronunciations that they use most of the time, and that’s going to be different from someone else’s set of pronunciations,” said sociolinguist Lauren Hall-Lew. “But there’s not really a way of speaking that identifies a San Franciscan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall-Lew comes from a Chinese-American family that goes back five generations in San Francisco. She’s currently based at the University of Edinburgh. She has spent years studying how people speak in her hometown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the many differences in locals’ speech patterns, Hall-Lew said the idea of a quintessential “San Francisco accent” still persists in some quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11720021\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11720021\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Linguist Lauren Hall-Lew.\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018.jpg 1936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Linguist Lauren Hall-Lew. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Lauren Hall-Lew)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One reason for this, Hall-Lew said, is because of misunderstandings about the definition of the word “accent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people think it’s about localized vocabulary, like how Northern Californians are known to say “hella,” or the way locals say “S.I.” to refer to Saint Ignatius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But accent isn’t the same thing as word choice, Hall-Lew said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike a dialect, which is referring to words and grammar, an accent is just about pronunciation,” Hall-Lew said. “So an accent is basically a set of pronunciations that people notice as being distinct from another set of pronunciations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mission Brogue: \u003cem>An\u003c/em> Accent, but not \u003cem>The\u003c/em> Accent\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When some think of a San Francisco accent, they imagine a particular way of speaking known as the “Mission Brogue,” which came to dominate the city in the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 1985 video, featuring “Tough Tony,” a San Francisco bus driver, provides a good sample of Mission Brogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Lucky.McCarthys'85.Part2\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uN_to8ldnYc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony’s accent is particular to Irish and Jewish people who started settling in the city during the Gold Rush days. Many of them originally spent time on the East Coast, which explains why they sound a bit like they’re from New York or Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mission neighborhood was a big Irish enclave back in the day, which is how the accent came to be known as the Mission Brogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people in San Francisco speak with this accent today, though you can hear traces of it in former California Gov. Jerry Brown’s voice. Brown comes from true San Francisco Irish stock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"1976: The first time 60 Minutes met Gov. Jerry Brown\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2TTF1-LoKn8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jerry Brown’s speech style is definitely reminiscent of that old Mission Brogue style,” said Hall-Lew. “The marker in this speech that stood out to me the most is probably the way he says the ‘r’ in ‘store.’ It’s a rather soft or even deleted ‘r,’ more like ‘stwah’ than ‘store.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall-Lew said other markers of this accent are things like dropping the “th” at the end of “South,” so it sounds like “sout,” or pronouncing a word like “third” as “thoid.” Listen to Tough Tony say third in this clip:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Tony.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trouble With Defining Accents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like New York, Chicago and other big cities, San Francisco was a total melting pot. Starting in the mid-1800s, the city attracted people from all over the world. Not only was English spoken in many different ways, but the language was only one of many languages spoken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall-Lew said the reason people came to view the “Mission Brogue” as \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the\u003c/span> San Francisco accent in the 20th century — in spite of all this linguistic variety — has a lot to do with who wielded the most power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of a San Francisco accent is usually framed in terms of a specific social group that was predominant at the time, in terms of political power,” Hall-Lew said. During the 20th century, Irish immigrants were more visible in public life than many of the other groups living in the city, dominating local politics and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This might explain why some people, even today, see the Mission Brogue as the quintessential San Francisco accent — even though the city’s leadership is more diverse these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Hall-Lew said the very question of whether there is, or ever has been, a San Francisco accent is problematic in a city that’s long been so diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you honestly meaning to ask: Do the people from Chinatown talk like the Russians in the Richmond, talk like the Central Americans in the Mission? No of course not,” she said. “No, what you mean is, probably, is there a way of speaking that we associate with the middle-class white people of European heritage? That’s what that question usually means. And that’s the problem. That’s not actually representative of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to find out more about statewide California accent trends, click the play button below to hear Chloe Veltman chatting with The California Report’s Lily Jamali on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/02/AudioforVeltmanCAEnglish2wayTCR1.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thanks to sociolinguists Lauren Hall-Lew and Teresa Pratt for their help with this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thanks also to \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jonathan Morton of Mountain View, who asked the Bay Curious question this week. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was first published on January 24, 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you think about America’s biggest cities, many have a recognizable accent — from the shifting vowels of Chicago to the dropped R’s of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This early Joan Rivers standup clip provides a good example of what many people might identify as a New York accent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=EpPCFoXXhF0\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=EpPCFoXXhF0\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you ask people for an example of a San Francisco accent, some might say they hear it in San Francisco Mayor London Breed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Breed.mp3\" br=\"\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003cbr>\nOr Grateful Dead frontman Jerry Garcia:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Garcia.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or comedian Ali Wong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Wong.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed, Garcia and Wong are all San Francisco natives — \u003cem>born and raised\u003c/em> in the city. And they all have very different ways of speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious \u003c/a>listener Jonathan Morton wants to know: “Is there still such a thing as a San Francisco accent? Or have migration and television erased it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So logically every single person has an accent, because everyone has some set of pronunciations that they use most of the time, and that’s going to be different from someone else’s set of pronunciations,” said sociolinguist Lauren Hall-Lew. “But there’s not really a way of speaking that identifies a San Franciscan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall-Lew comes from a Chinese-American family that goes back five generations in San Francisco. She’s currently based at the University of Edinburgh. She has spent years studying how people speak in her hometown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the many differences in locals’ speech patterns, Hall-Lew said the idea of a quintessential “San Francisco accent” still persists in some quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11720021\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11720021\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Linguist Lauren Hall-Lew.\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/5d389fd7-laurenhall-lew_2018.jpg 1936w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Linguist Lauren Hall-Lew. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Lauren Hall-Lew)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One reason for this, Hall-Lew said, is because of misunderstandings about the definition of the word “accent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people think it’s about localized vocabulary, like how Northern Californians are known to say “hella,” or the way locals say “S.I.” to refer to Saint Ignatius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But accent isn’t the same thing as word choice, Hall-Lew said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike a dialect, which is referring to words and grammar, an accent is just about pronunciation,” Hall-Lew said. “So an accent is basically a set of pronunciations that people notice as being distinct from another set of pronunciations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mission Brogue: \u003cem>An\u003c/em> Accent, but not \u003cem>The\u003c/em> Accent\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When some think of a San Francisco accent, they imagine a particular way of speaking known as the “Mission Brogue,” which came to dominate the city in the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 1985 video, featuring “Tough Tony,” a San Francisco bus driver, provides a good sample of Mission Brogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Lucky.McCarthys'85.Part2\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/uN_to8ldnYc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony’s accent is particular to Irish and Jewish people who started settling in the city during the Gold Rush days. Many of them originally spent time on the East Coast, which explains why they sound a bit like they’re from New York or Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mission neighborhood was a big Irish enclave back in the day, which is how the accent came to be known as the Mission Brogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people in San Francisco speak with this accent today, though you can hear traces of it in former California Gov. Jerry Brown’s voice. Brown comes from true San Francisco Irish stock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"1976: The first time 60 Minutes met Gov. Jerry Brown\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2TTF1-LoKn8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jerry Brown’s speech style is definitely reminiscent of that old Mission Brogue style,” said Hall-Lew. “The marker in this speech that stood out to me the most is probably the way he says the ‘r’ in ‘store.’ It’s a rather soft or even deleted ‘r,’ more like ‘stwah’ than ‘store.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall-Lew said other markers of this accent are things like dropping the “th” at the end of “South,” so it sounds like “sout,” or pronouncing a word like “third” as “thoid.” Listen to Tough Tony say third in this clip:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Tony.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trouble With Defining Accents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like New York, Chicago and other big cities, San Francisco was a total melting pot. Starting in the mid-1800s, the city attracted people from all over the world. Not only was English spoken in many different ways, but the language was only one of many languages spoken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall-Lew said the reason people came to view the “Mission Brogue” as \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the\u003c/span> San Francisco accent in the 20th century — in spite of all this linguistic variety — has a lot to do with who wielded the most power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of a San Francisco accent is usually framed in terms of a specific social group that was predominant at the time, in terms of political power,” Hall-Lew said. During the 20th century, Irish immigrants were more visible in public life than many of the other groups living in the city, dominating local politics and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This might explain why some people, even today, see the Mission Brogue as the quintessential San Francisco accent — even though the city’s leadership is more diverse these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Hall-Lew said the very question of whether there is, or ever has been, a San Francisco accent is problematic in a city that’s long been so diverse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you honestly meaning to ask: Do the people from Chinatown talk like the Russians in the Richmond, talk like the Central Americans in the Mission? No of course not,” she said. “No, what you mean is, probably, is there a way of speaking that we associate with the middle-class white people of European heritage? That’s what that question usually means. And that’s the problem. That’s not actually representative of the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to find out more about statewide California accent trends, click the play button below to hear Chloe Veltman chatting with The California Report’s Lily Jamali on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caudio controls=\"controls\">\u003csource src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/02/AudioforVeltmanCAEnglish2wayTCR1.mp3\">\u003c/source>\u003c/audio>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thanks to sociolinguists Lauren Hall-Lew and Teresa Pratt for their help with this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thanks also to \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jonathan Morton of Mountain View, who asked the Bay Curious question this week. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Marin Headlands, Sweeney Ridge, Treasure Island, Port Chicago, Moffett Field — these are just a few local spots with important World War II history. In fact, the Bay Area played a major role in the war effort in many ways, like housing and training troops in the Presidio before their deployment to the Pacific, caring for wounded soldiers at Letterman Hospital and building the ships used to transport food and war materials around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lise Ciolino discovered some local World War II history while exploring her new neighborhood in Sausalito. She visited an exhibit about \u003ca href=\"https://www.sausalito.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/9344/636326254065130000\">Marinship, a huge shipyard on Sausalito’s bayfront\u003c/a> that sprang up after the U.S. officially entered the war in 1941. Workers there built huge cargo ships, known as “liberty ships,” as well as tankers to carry fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898293\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&stype=X&SUBKEY=%22marinship%22/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&2%2C2%2C\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11898293\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/liberty-ship.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white image of huge wooden scaffolding in the foreground with a long track leading to a huge ship in the background.\" width=\"327\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/liberty-ship.jpg 327w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/liberty-ship-160x196.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SS Escambia, an oceangoing tanker, slides down the ways at Marinship’s Sausalito yard in front of a crowd of workers. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&stype=X&SUBKEY=%22marinship%22/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&2%2C2%2C\">Courtesy of San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m new to Sausalito,” Lise said, “and I wanted to know how the liberty ships produced in Sausalito affected the outcome of World War II.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty ships were massive cargo ships modeled after a British design commonly \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssjohnwbrown.org/blog/2015/12/9/liberty-ship-history\">known as ocean ships\u003c/a>. Marinship started out manufacturing these huge ships, but then \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/liberty-ships-and-victory-ships-america-s-lifeline-in-war-teaching-with-historic-places.htm\">switched to building the faster victory ships that succeeded them\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ships and supplies from North America and elsewhere to Europe, especially to the British, World War II would have been lost,” said Jan Keizer, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/\">Sausalito Historical Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1941, Europe had already been at war for several years. German U-boats were effective at sinking merchant vessels carrying food and supplies to Britain. Without the extra ships quickly manufactured at shipyards like Marinship and the Kaiser shipyards in Richmond, among others, U.S. allies would have starved, explained Keizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We overwhelmed the enemy with volume of material,” he said. “That was the purpose of the ships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sausalito.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/9344/636326254065130000\">Marinship alone manufactured over 90 vessels in a few short years.\u003c/a> At the peak of its production, workers were cranking out a massive new boat every 10 days. Not only were the shipyards crucial to winning the war, but they changed the culture and society of the Bay Area in other ways as well. Hundreds of thousands of Black Americans migrated to the Bay Area from the South, fleeing racism and looking for better-paying jobs. Their contribution to the war effort — along with the racist treatment they encountered when they got here — is often left out of stories about this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898295\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 345px\">\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBKEY=%22Joseph+James%22/1%2C3%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&3%2C3%2C\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11898295\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/JosephJamesSinging.jpg\" alt=\"Four men wearing coveralls and hardhats sing the song Silent Night.\" width=\"345\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/JosephJamesSinging.jpg 345w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/JosephJamesSinging-160x186.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipworkers Hal Dahlgren, James Isherwood, Eugene Royer and Joseph James serenading their fellow workers, 1942. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBKEY=%22Joseph+James%22/1%2C3%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&3%2C3%2C\">Courtesy of San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But a group of Marin teenagers has been working to document this important history — sometimes including stories of their own family members — through art. The Marinovators, led by hip-hop educator \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mrjahiofficial/\">MC Jahi\u003c/a>, wrote and produced an album called “\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/album/5eq0retGOvx5vmTf4PM9hN?autoplay=true\">A Way Out of No Way\u003c/a>,” which highlights the contributions of Black workers at Marinship and celebrates local heroes like \u003ca href=\"http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/2019-columns/2019/2/13/joseph-james-entertainer\">Joseph James\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2018/08/14/rodessa-battle-a-marin-city-rosie-the-riveter-dies-at-97/\">Rodessa Battle\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://californiarevealed.org/islandora/object/cavpp%3A23265\">Reverend Leon Samuels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyQdXEpRQuA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Pendarvis Harshaw and Marisol Medina-Cadena from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/rightnowish\">KQED podcast Rightnowish\u003c/a> put it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“These unsung heroes helped the fight abroad by constructing wartime ships, and championing civil rights on the home front. Broadway singer turned shipyard welder Joseph James notably spearheaded a legal battle against the segregated union at Marinship that denied equal benefits to Black workers. His lawsuit challenged the racial discrimination, and made its way to the California Supreme Court, laying the foundation for other discrimination cases. And it’s a story that gets told on the album.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13905367/rapping-about-the-wwii-black-shipyard-workers-in-marin\">Check out their episode featuring the young creators behind the album.\u003c/a> They share what it meant to discover the stories of people left out of their history classes and the responsibility of being culture keepers, the folks keeping memory alive through art and \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/xrlearn/\">virtual reality\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC8826397786\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Marin Headlands, Sweeney Ridge, Treasure Island, Port Chicago, Moffett Field — these are just a few local spots with important World War II history. In fact, the Bay Area played a major role in the war effort in many ways, like housing and training troops in the Presidio before their deployment to the Pacific, caring for wounded soldiers at Letterman Hospital and building the ships used to transport food and war materials around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lise Ciolino discovered some local World War II history while exploring her new neighborhood in Sausalito. She visited an exhibit about \u003ca href=\"https://www.sausalito.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/9344/636326254065130000\">Marinship, a huge shipyard on Sausalito’s bayfront\u003c/a> that sprang up after the U.S. officially entered the war in 1941. Workers there built huge cargo ships, known as “liberty ships,” as well as tankers to carry fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898293\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&stype=X&SUBKEY=%22marinship%22/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&2%2C2%2C\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11898293\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/liberty-ship.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white image of huge wooden scaffolding in the foreground with a long track leading to a huge ship in the background.\" width=\"327\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/liberty-ship.jpg 327w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/liberty-ship-160x196.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SS Escambia, an oceangoing tanker, slides down the ways at Marinship’s Sausalito yard in front of a crowd of workers. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D/X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&stype=X&SUBKEY=%22marinship%22/1%2C6%2C6%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22marinship%22&SORT=D&2%2C2%2C\">Courtesy of San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m new to Sausalito,” Lise said, “and I wanted to know how the liberty ships produced in Sausalito affected the outcome of World War II.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty ships were massive cargo ships modeled after a British design commonly \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssjohnwbrown.org/blog/2015/12/9/liberty-ship-history\">known as ocean ships\u003c/a>. Marinship started out manufacturing these huge ships, but then \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/liberty-ships-and-victory-ships-america-s-lifeline-in-war-teaching-with-historic-places.htm\">switched to building the faster victory ships that succeeded them\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the ships and supplies from North America and elsewhere to Europe, especially to the British, World War II would have been lost,” said Jan Keizer, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/\">Sausalito Historical Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1941, Europe had already been at war for several years. German U-boats were effective at sinking merchant vessels carrying food and supplies to Britain. Without the extra ships quickly manufactured at shipyards like Marinship and the Kaiser shipyards in Richmond, among others, U.S. allies would have starved, explained Keizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We overwhelmed the enemy with volume of material,” he said. “That was the purpose of the ships.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sausalito.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/9344/636326254065130000\">Marinship alone manufactured over 90 vessels in a few short years.\u003c/a> At the peak of its production, workers were cranking out a massive new boat every 10 days. Not only were the shipyards crucial to winning the war, but they changed the culture and society of the Bay Area in other ways as well. Hundreds of thousands of Black Americans migrated to the Bay Area from the South, fleeing racism and looking for better-paying jobs. Their contribution to the war effort — along with the racist treatment they encountered when they got here — is often left out of stories about this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11898295\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 345px\">\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBKEY=%22Joseph+James%22/1%2C3%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&3%2C3%2C\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11898295\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/JosephJamesSinging.jpg\" alt=\"Four men wearing coveralls and hardhats sing the song Silent Night.\" width=\"345\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/JosephJamesSinging.jpg 345w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/JosephJamesSinging-160x186.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipworkers Hal Dahlgren, James Isherwood, Eugene Royer and Joseph James serenading their fellow workers, 1942. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D/X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBKEY=%22Joseph+James%22/1%2C3%2C3%2CB/frameset&FF=X%22Joseph+James%22&SORT=D&3%2C3%2C\">Courtesy of San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But a group of Marin teenagers has been working to document this important history — sometimes including stories of their own family members — through art. The Marinovators, led by hip-hop educator \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mrjahiofficial/\">MC Jahi\u003c/a>, wrote and produced an album called “\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/album/5eq0retGOvx5vmTf4PM9hN?autoplay=true\">A Way Out of No Way\u003c/a>,” which highlights the contributions of Black workers at Marinship and celebrates local heroes like \u003ca href=\"http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/2019-columns/2019/2/13/joseph-james-entertainer\">Joseph James\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2018/08/14/rodessa-battle-a-marin-city-rosie-the-riveter-dies-at-97/\">Rodessa Battle\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://californiarevealed.org/islandora/object/cavpp%3A23265\">Reverend Leon Samuels\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pyQdXEpRQuA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pyQdXEpRQuA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As Pendarvis Harshaw and Marisol Medina-Cadena from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/rightnowish\">KQED podcast Rightnowish\u003c/a> put it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“These unsung heroes helped the fight abroad by constructing wartime ships, and championing civil rights on the home front. Broadway singer turned shipyard welder Joseph James notably spearheaded a legal battle against the segregated union at Marinship that denied equal benefits to Black workers. His lawsuit challenged the racial discrimination, and made its way to the California Supreme Court, laying the foundation for other discrimination cases. And it’s a story that gets told on the album.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13905367/rapping-about-the-wwii-black-shipyard-workers-in-marin\">Check out their episode featuring the young creators behind the album.\u003c/a> They share what it meant to discover the stories of people left out of their history classes and the responsibility of being culture keepers, the folks keeping memory alive through art and \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/xrlearn/\">virtual reality\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC8826397786\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "You're Not Imagining It: There Are More Driverless Cars in SF Now",
"headTitle": "You’re Not Imagining It: There Are More Driverless Cars in SF Now | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>If you’ve driven around San Francisco recently, you may have noticed a fleet of white Jaguar SUVs with spinning gadgetry on top and lots of other tech sticking off the back and sides. If you pull up next to one of these, you might notice that even though a person is sitting in the driver’s seat, they aren’t really controlling the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are self-driving cars — or autonomous vehicles, as they are known more formally — from a company called Waymo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Lenore Kenny says she’s noticed a lot more of these on San Francisco streets than she used to see. She’s wondering, why are there so many? And what are they doing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenore’s right: There are more autonomous vehicles, or AVs, on our roads. More than 1,400 are registered in California, up from 900 last November, according to the DMV. But San Francisco alone has more than 400,000 registered vehicles; the number of AVs is small by comparison. Still, in some parts of the city, you can count on seeing AVs every few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo is not the only culprit. Nine AV companies are testing driverless tech in California right now, according to the California Public Utilities Commission. Companies like Cruise, Argo AI and Zoox are competing to crack the automated vehicle market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenore wants to know why more cars are on the road than before. The short answer is that companies developing AVs need data — lots of data — to ensure the cars can handle any driving situation. And, as anybody who has driven in San Francisco can attest, there’s a lot to think about when driving here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is an incredibly diverse driving environment,” says Sam Kansara, senior product manager for Waymo, which is owned by Google’s parent company, Alphabet. “Part of our increase in presence in San Francisco is about making sure our software and technology can perform well in all of those different environments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AV experiment uses the idea of machine learning. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/articles/2021/self-taught-self-driving-cars/\">Engineers created an algorithm that continues to get better as the test vehicles collect data.\u003c/a> The car “learns” from its experiences driving, building new scenarios into its algorithm and making it more reliable and safer over time. The more miles the cars drive, the more data they collect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key of the algorithms is that in order to be efficient, they need to have a pretty big database of learning examples,” says Alexandre Bayen, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://its.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley Institute of Transportation Studies\u003c/a>. “That’s why you see so many of them collecting that data right now, because we’re not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a long road to development for autonomous vehicles. They are certainly more visible on streets today, but AVs have been on California’s roads in one form or another for almost 30 years, beginning in 1997 in San Diego. The HOV lanes on I-15 were closed during the day, which allowed scientists and research engineers like Steven Shladover from \u003ca href=\"https://path.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley’s California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology program\u003c/a> to run vehicles for “a big public demonstration.” Until then testing had taken place primarily on test tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology has evolved from those early years and spawned things like adaptive cruise control — available on many modern automobiles — to cars that can drive themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are autonomous vehicles safe?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At this point, companies and scientists have been testing AVs on California streets since the 1990s, always with a human operator in the car in case of emergencies. But cars can be deadly, so regulators are being cautious about approving AVs in their current state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to have to have some minimum standards set so that riders who aren’t specialists in this field can be given some reassurance that this is actually a safe system,” says Shladover. He wouldn’t name specific brands but cautioned, “some of the companies that work in this space don’t know what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California DMV says \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/california-autonomous-vehicle-regulations/\">a variety of safety protocols are in place\u003c/a> and bad actors can lose their permits to operate. But Shladover cautions, “The state cannot ensure the safety of the automated driving systems entirely by themselves.” He says it will take cooperation between the federal government and the state government to make AVs truly safe. “They will need federal safety regulations to complement the state regulations in areas that the state does not have the authority or the expertise to regulate,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the software algorithms improve, safety should improve along with it. Still, the rollout likely will remain a gradual process, with certain types of vehicles allowed to operate in certain areas under certain conditions and at certain times of day. If AVs are going to truly become a viable transportation option, they’ll need to be able to drive everywhere, on any type of road, in many weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means not only driving here in the Bay Area, but driving up to Tahoe,” says Shladover, “driving up to Yosemite, the rural roads in central California, going through the Bay Bridge toll plaza around sunset when the sun is shining straight in your eyes.” All of these scenarios need to be accounted for, for a driverless vehicle to drive solo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When could we see driverless AVs on the road all around us, safely ferrying zoned-out passengers to their destinations? Estimates vary, with regulatory agencies like the CPUC and DMV, as well as the AV companies themselves, apprehensive to discuss concrete timelines. Meanwhile, observing experts, like Shladover, say we have a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pressed for a date, he says 2075, but adds his gut answer: “Probably never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Self-driving cars are all over San Francisco's streets these days. Why are there so many, and what's the latest with autonomous vehicle development?",
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"subhead": "Waymo, Cruise, Argo AI, Zoox — autonomous cars are hard to miss in some Bay Area cities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve driven around San Francisco recently, you may have noticed a fleet of white Jaguar SUVs with spinning gadgetry on top and lots of other tech sticking off the back and sides. If you pull up next to one of these, you might notice that even though a person is sitting in the driver’s seat, they aren’t really controlling the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are self-driving cars — or autonomous vehicles, as they are known more formally — from a company called Waymo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Lenore Kenny says she’s noticed a lot more of these on San Francisco streets than she used to see. She’s wondering, why are there so many? And what are they doing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenore’s right: There are more autonomous vehicles, or AVs, on our roads. More than 1,400 are registered in California, up from 900 last November, according to the DMV. But San Francisco alone has more than 400,000 registered vehicles; the number of AVs is small by comparison. Still, in some parts of the city, you can count on seeing AVs every few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo is not the only culprit. Nine AV companies are testing driverless tech in California right now, according to the California Public Utilities Commission. Companies like Cruise, Argo AI and Zoox are competing to crack the automated vehicle market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenore wants to know why more cars are on the road than before. The short answer is that companies developing AVs need data — lots of data — to ensure the cars can handle any driving situation. And, as anybody who has driven in San Francisco can attest, there’s a lot to think about when driving here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is an incredibly diverse driving environment,” says Sam Kansara, senior product manager for Waymo, which is owned by Google’s parent company, Alphabet. “Part of our increase in presence in San Francisco is about making sure our software and technology can perform well in all of those different environments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AV experiment uses the idea of machine learning. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/articles/2021/self-taught-self-driving-cars/\">Engineers created an algorithm that continues to get better as the test vehicles collect data.\u003c/a> The car “learns” from its experiences driving, building new scenarios into its algorithm and making it more reliable and safer over time. The more miles the cars drive, the more data they collect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key of the algorithms is that in order to be efficient, they need to have a pretty big database of learning examples,” says Alexandre Bayen, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://its.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley Institute of Transportation Studies\u003c/a>. “That’s why you see so many of them collecting that data right now, because we’re not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a long road to development for autonomous vehicles. They are certainly more visible on streets today, but AVs have been on California’s roads in one form or another for almost 30 years, beginning in 1997 in San Diego. The HOV lanes on I-15 were closed during the day, which allowed scientists and research engineers like Steven Shladover from \u003ca href=\"https://path.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley’s California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology program\u003c/a> to run vehicles for “a big public demonstration.” Until then testing had taken place primarily on test tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology has evolved from those early years and spawned things like adaptive cruise control — available on many modern automobiles — to cars that can drive themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are autonomous vehicles safe?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At this point, companies and scientists have been testing AVs on California streets since the 1990s, always with a human operator in the car in case of emergencies. But cars can be deadly, so regulators are being cautious about approving AVs in their current state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to have to have some minimum standards set so that riders who aren’t specialists in this field can be given some reassurance that this is actually a safe system,” says Shladover. He wouldn’t name specific brands but cautioned, “some of the companies that work in this space don’t know what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California DMV says \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/california-autonomous-vehicle-regulations/\">a variety of safety protocols are in place\u003c/a> and bad actors can lose their permits to operate. But Shladover cautions, “The state cannot ensure the safety of the automated driving systems entirely by themselves.” He says it will take cooperation between the federal government and the state government to make AVs truly safe. “They will need federal safety regulations to complement the state regulations in areas that the state does not have the authority or the expertise to regulate,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the software algorithms improve, safety should improve along with it. Still, the rollout likely will remain a gradual process, with certain types of vehicles allowed to operate in certain areas under certain conditions and at certain times of day. If AVs are going to truly become a viable transportation option, they’ll need to be able to drive everywhere, on any type of road, in many weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means not only driving here in the Bay Area, but driving up to Tahoe,” says Shladover, “driving up to Yosemite, the rural roads in central California, going through the Bay Bridge toll plaza around sunset when the sun is shining straight in your eyes.” All of these scenarios need to be accounted for, for a driverless vehicle to drive solo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When could we see driverless AVs on the road all around us, safely ferrying zoned-out passengers to their destinations? Estimates vary, with regulatory agencies like the CPUC and DMV, as well as the AV companies themselves, apprehensive to discuss concrete timelines. Meanwhile, observing experts, like Shladover, say we have a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pressed for a date, he says 2075, but adds his gut answer: “Probably never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "more-whales-are-washing-up-dead-on-bay-area-beaches-why",
"title": "More Whales Are Washing Up Dead on Bay Area Beaches. Why?",
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"headTitle": "More Whales Are Washing Up Dead on Bay Area Beaches. Why? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]pring and fall can be magical times along California’s coast. Gazing out to sea, you might glimpse a spout of seawater or a glistening fin slice through the waves — whales! It’s thrilling to spot these massive mammals as they migrate from Alaska to Mexico in the fall and back north in the spring. But gray whales, in particular, have been washing up dead on Bay Area beaches at alarming rates over the past several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five-year-old Caleb Whan is \u003cem>very\u003c/em> interested in whales. He asked Bay Curious a bevy of questions about what they eat and where they live, which is how he ends up trudging across a windy Sausalito beach with a veterinary pathologist, his dad and me. We soon reach the large, smelly marine mammal carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896373 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized.jpg\" alt=\"In the foreground on a dark gray pebbly beach lies a long, crumpled orange-and-black strip of dried skin, with a hump in the middle of what could be ribs. In the distance, a rocky outcropping rises, almost completely blurred, from the white surf.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This whale carcass on Rodeo Beach likely washed ashore some days after the animal died. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hey, that whale looks so funny,” says Caleb. The whale carcass has decomposed so much that it’s difficult for us to identify its parts, but the Marine Mammal Center’s Pádraig Duignan points out where the gray whale’s bones are broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray whales can sometimes be spotted in San Francisco Bay, though Duignan says this isn’t usually one of their stops along their long migration route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But last year, or last season, several did [enter the bay],” he says. “They were looking for food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do they eat?” Caleb asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will eat these guys,” Duignan says, pointing to tiny oysters in his hand as he lets sand filter through his fingers. “Shellfish and little shrimp, all sorts of little creatures that live on the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at the damaged body, Caleb has another question: “What happened to this whale?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, it was hit by a ship and the ship broke some of its bones,” Duignan says, adding the animal likely died at sea and only washed ashore some days later. When it did, Duignan and his colleagues performed a necropsy — that’s an animal autopsy — as they do whenever whales or other dead marine mammals wash ashore in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896366 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized.jpg\" alt=\"Five year old child in green jacket poses on a pebbly beach with older man in a blue vest, white baseball cap, and knee high rubber boots. Behind them is the decomposing carcass of a whale.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco kindergartner Caleb Whan (left) and veterinary pathologist Pádraig Duignan from the Marine Mammal Center pose in front of a decomposing whale carcass on a foggy day. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We collect a lot of samples, run a lot of laboratory tests,” he says. “This one was convenient for us in that it was literally right beside our center, but often we have to travel to where they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marine Mammal Center is just half a mile up the hill from Rodeo Beach and responds to whale deaths from Pacifica to Point Reyes, with occasional trips as far north as Mendocino County and as far south as San Luis Obispo. Whales that die within San Francisco Bay are generally towed to Angel Island, where the necropsies are performed. In 2021, gray whale deaths occurred at Crissy Field and Ocean Beach in the city, Muir Beach and McClures Beach in Marin County, and the Fitzgerald Marine Reserve in San Mateo County, among other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s easy to see the blunt trauma that killed the Rodeo Beach whale, but other animals present more of a mystery to Duignan and his colleagues. The recent uptick in whale deaths has even prompted an international investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nineteen gray whales have washed up on California’s coast this year, and in many cases there were no clear signs of what killed them. Communities all along the whales’ long migration route are noticing a similar trend, and whale deaths have been above normal for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duignan says about a third of the gray whales have been hit by ships. But that leaves a lot more fatalities unexplained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not seeing any one particular cause of death in all of these whales that we see, some of them in San Francisco Bay, some of them outside the bay,” says Moe Flannery, senior collections manager for birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences. She’s also been looking into the spate of gray whale deaths, what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration calls an “unusual mortality event.” In fact, scientists from Alaska to Mexico are working together to unravel the mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11896378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized.jpg\" alt=\"Woman looks at piece of whale bone.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moe Flannery, senior collections manager for birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences, tugs at dried tissue clinging to a whale bone left on the museum’s roof. She says sometimes her team leaves bones out for the weather, and critters, to clean and dry. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a dead whale is reported in the Bay Area, the necropsy team heads out to take photos, measurements and samples. Flannery’s group focuses on bones and muscle systems, while the folks from the Marine Mammal Center look at stomach contents and test for diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing some [whales] that are showing signs of malnutrition or emaciation,” Flannery says. “We are seeing some that are showing signs of trauma from, like, an orca predation. We are seeing some with signs of trauma from possibly a ship strike. And there are a lot of them that we just don’t know why they died.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Crabbers team up with scientists\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]E[/dropcap]ven as the scientists puzzle out what’s going on, there is some good news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2016, there was a spike in West Coast whale entanglements — 48 of the big animals got caught in fishing lines and gear, some of them fatally. Of those, 19 were traced to commercial Dungeness crab gear. So the state worked with fishermen to try to understand what was happening, and what they could all do to prevent the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dick Ogg is a commercial Dungeness crab fisherman who got involved with the state effort. On a clear morning, with the sun just rising, Ogg maneuvers his boat out of the harbor in Bodega Bay. He’s been fishing these waters for more than two decades, captaining his small boat with two hired workers. He says he often sees whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896369\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896369 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized.jpg\" alt=\"Three fisherman pose on a pier with their crab pots in the foreground.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boat captain Dick Ogg (center) with his crabbing team, Blair Wilmer (left) and Zach Herbert. Ogg helped develop new crab gear recommendations after studying how whales may have gotten tangled up in the old system. The crabbing gear was implicated in many deaths in 2016, but in zero gray whale deaths this year. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would say 99.9% of the time you’ll see whales at one point or another,” he says. He claims he can even smell a whale, noting that what comes out their blowholes can be rather pungent. But there are no breeches or other obvious whale sightings on this Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the 2016 data implicating crabbers in whale deaths came out, he and others started taking a closer look at their setups. Ogg explains that the standard crab gear kit used to include lead weights that would cause the lines to form a W-shape in the water as the crab pots sank to the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began to think that that might be a potential place where interaction could occur,” he says. The looping line “could wrap around an animal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ogg and other crabbers voluntarily switched to a system that allows the lines to run taught from the 100-pound crab pot to a buoy floating on the water’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a whale hits that, he says, “it tends to want to roll off rather than whip around with the lead.” That means the whale is more likely to safely swim away rather than getting so tangled that it’s either injured or killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896367\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11896367\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized.jpg\" alt=\"A man in orange raincoat holds up two crabs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blair Wilmer, a crew member on Dick Ogg’s boat, shows off a few of their Dungeness crab. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The switch seems to be helping. This year’s gray whale necropsies in California have not found any evidence implicating crab gear. However, the Dungeness fishery can still be subject to delays or closures if whales or other protected species are present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flannery, at the Cal Academy, says there are still many hypotheses about why the gray whales are dying. Maybe it’s climate change: Gray whales typically eat a year’s worth of nutrition in Alaska, but it’s possible the waters there have become too warm to support the food they need. Or, it could be a natural population cycle: Flannery says scientists saw a similar sudden increase in deaths about 20 years ago, also for about three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall 2021 has not been as bad as last year, and 2019 was the worst. The international network of pathologists and scientists continues to look for answers to gray whale deaths. For his part, Duignan thinks climate change is a likely suspect, because the warming planet already has changed arctic ecosystems dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[A changing climate] could affect where they [whales] find their food, how much food is available to them and, in the long run, if they’ll be able to sustain their population,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More gray whales have been washing up dead on Bay Area shores than usual in the past three years. Scientists think a combination of climate change, ship strikes and natural breeding cycles could be to blame.",
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"title": "More Whales Are Washing Up Dead on Bay Area Beaches. Why? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>pring and fall can be magical times along California’s coast. Gazing out to sea, you might glimpse a spout of seawater or a glistening fin slice through the waves — whales! It’s thrilling to spot these massive mammals as they migrate from Alaska to Mexico in the fall and back north in the spring. But gray whales, in particular, have been washing up dead on Bay Area beaches at alarming rates over the past several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five-year-old Caleb Whan is \u003cem>very\u003c/em> interested in whales. He asked Bay Curious a bevy of questions about what they eat and where they live, which is how he ends up trudging across a windy Sausalito beach with a veterinary pathologist, his dad and me. We soon reach the large, smelly marine mammal carcass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896373\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896373 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized.jpg\" alt=\"In the foreground on a dark gray pebbly beach lies a long, crumpled orange-and-black strip of dried skin, with a hump in the middle of what could be ribs. In the distance, a rocky outcropping rises, almost completely blurred, from the white surf.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/whale-carcass-w-ocean-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This whale carcass on Rodeo Beach likely washed ashore some days after the animal died. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hey, that whale looks so funny,” says Caleb. The whale carcass has decomposed so much that it’s difficult for us to identify its parts, but the Marine Mammal Center’s Pádraig Duignan points out where the gray whale’s bones are broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray whales can sometimes be spotted in San Francisco Bay, though Duignan says this isn’t usually one of their stops along their long migration route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But last year, or last season, several did [enter the bay],” he says. “They were looking for food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do they eat?” Caleb asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will eat these guys,” Duignan says, pointing to tiny oysters in his hand as he lets sand filter through his fingers. “Shellfish and little shrimp, all sorts of little creatures that live on the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at the damaged body, Caleb has another question: “What happened to this whale?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, it was hit by a ship and the ship broke some of its bones,” Duignan says, adding the animal likely died at sea and only washed ashore some days later. When it did, Duignan and his colleagues performed a necropsy — that’s an animal autopsy — as they do whenever whales or other dead marine mammals wash ashore in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896366\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896366 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized.jpg\" alt=\"Five year old child in green jacket poses on a pebbly beach with older man in a blue vest, white baseball cap, and knee high rubber boots. Behind them is the decomposing carcass of a whale.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Caleb-Duignan-carass-sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco kindergartner Caleb Whan (left) and veterinary pathologist Pádraig Duignan from the Marine Mammal Center pose in front of a decomposing whale carcass on a foggy day. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We collect a lot of samples, run a lot of laboratory tests,” he says. “This one was convenient for us in that it was literally right beside our center, but often we have to travel to where they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marine Mammal Center is just half a mile up the hill from Rodeo Beach and responds to whale deaths from Pacifica to Point Reyes, with occasional trips as far north as Mendocino County and as far south as San Luis Obispo. Whales that die within San Francisco Bay are generally towed to Angel Island, where the necropsies are performed. In 2021, gray whale deaths occurred at Crissy Field and Ocean Beach in the city, Muir Beach and McClures Beach in Marin County, and the Fitzgerald Marine Reserve in San Mateo County, among other locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s easy to see the blunt trauma that killed the Rodeo Beach whale, but other animals present more of a mystery to Duignan and his colleagues. The recent uptick in whale deaths has even prompted an international investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nineteen gray whales have washed up on California’s coast this year, and in many cases there were no clear signs of what killed them. Communities all along the whales’ long migration route are noticing a similar trend, and whale deaths have been above normal for the past three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duignan says about a third of the gray whales have been hit by ships. But that leaves a lot more fatalities unexplained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not seeing any one particular cause of death in all of these whales that we see, some of them in San Francisco Bay, some of them outside the bay,” says Moe Flannery, senior collections manager for birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences. She’s also been looking into the spate of gray whale deaths, what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration calls an “unusual mortality event.” In fact, scientists from Alaska to Mexico are working together to unravel the mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11896378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized.jpg\" alt=\"Woman looks at piece of whale bone.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Moe-Flannery-on-roof-sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moe Flannery, senior collections manager for birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences, tugs at dried tissue clinging to a whale bone left on the museum’s roof. She says sometimes her team leaves bones out for the weather, and critters, to clean and dry. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a dead whale is reported in the Bay Area, the necropsy team heads out to take photos, measurements and samples. Flannery’s group focuses on bones and muscle systems, while the folks from the Marine Mammal Center look at stomach contents and test for diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing some [whales] that are showing signs of malnutrition or emaciation,” Flannery says. “We are seeing some that are showing signs of trauma from, like, an orca predation. We are seeing some with signs of trauma from possibly a ship strike. And there are a lot of them that we just don’t know why they died.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Crabbers team up with scientists\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">E\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ven as the scientists puzzle out what’s going on, there is some good news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2016, there was a spike in West Coast whale entanglements — 48 of the big animals got caught in fishing lines and gear, some of them fatally. Of those, 19 were traced to commercial Dungeness crab gear. So the state worked with fishermen to try to understand what was happening, and what they could all do to prevent the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dick Ogg is a commercial Dungeness crab fisherman who got involved with the state effort. On a clear morning, with the sun just rising, Ogg maneuvers his boat out of the harbor in Bodega Bay. He’s been fishing these waters for more than two decades, captaining his small boat with two hired workers. He says he often sees whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896369\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896369 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized.jpg\" alt=\"Three fisherman pose on a pier with their crab pots in the foreground.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Ogg-crab-team-sized-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boat captain Dick Ogg (center) with his crabbing team, Blair Wilmer (left) and Zach Herbert. Ogg helped develop new crab gear recommendations after studying how whales may have gotten tangled up in the old system. The crabbing gear was implicated in many deaths in 2016, but in zero gray whale deaths this year. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would say 99.9% of the time you’ll see whales at one point or another,” he says. He claims he can even smell a whale, noting that what comes out their blowholes can be rather pungent. But there are no breeches or other obvious whale sightings on this Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the 2016 data implicating crabbers in whale deaths came out, he and others started taking a closer look at their setups. Ogg explains that the standard crab gear kit used to include lead weights that would cause the lines to form a W-shape in the water as the crab pots sank to the ocean floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began to think that that might be a potential place where interaction could occur,” he says. The looping line “could wrap around an animal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ogg and other crabbers voluntarily switched to a system that allows the lines to run taught from the 100-pound crab pot to a buoy floating on the water’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a whale hits that, he says, “it tends to want to roll off rather than whip around with the lead.” That means the whale is more likely to safely swim away rather than getting so tangled that it’s either injured or killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896367\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11896367\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized.jpg\" alt=\"A man in orange raincoat holds up two crabs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/crabs-sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blair Wilmer, a crew member on Dick Ogg’s boat, shows off a few of their Dungeness crab. \u003ccite>(Amy Mayer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The switch seems to be helping. This year’s gray whale necropsies in California have not found any evidence implicating crab gear. However, the Dungeness fishery can still be subject to delays or closures if whales or other protected species are present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flannery, at the Cal Academy, says there are still many hypotheses about why the gray whales are dying. Maybe it’s climate change: Gray whales typically eat a year’s worth of nutrition in Alaska, but it’s possible the waters there have become too warm to support the food they need. Or, it could be a natural population cycle: Flannery says scientists saw a similar sudden increase in deaths about 20 years ago, also for about three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall 2021 has not been as bad as last year, and 2019 was the worst. The international network of pathologists and scientists continues to look for answers to gray whale deaths. For his part, Duignan thinks climate change is a likely suspect, because the warming planet already has changed arctic ecosystems dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[A changing climate] could affect where they [whales] find their food, how much food is available to them and, in the long run, if they’ll be able to sustain their population,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you look down while walking around Bay Area cities like San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland and Alameda, you often see the names of the two intersecting streets stamped into the concrete where the sidewalks meet. It can seem … redundant. There are overhead signs after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Heidi Hagberg got to wondering why we do things this way: “I’ve heard that it’s because of earthquakes and the potential for street signs to fall. Is that true?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Heidi’s question took us into the weird world of sidewalk stamps, which, it turns out, can be full of mistakes!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Heidi heard right — it’s because of earthquakes. In 1905, San Francisco officials passed an ordinance requiring that street stamps be used when new sidewalks were built. The ordinance passed \u003cem>before \u003c/em>the 1906 earthquake and fire. There were quakes before the big one that probably influenced city lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s streets were laid out just before the Gold Rush, but “there were not traditional street signs like we have today,” says Rachel Gordon, the director of policy and communications for San Francisco Public Works. People used buildings as landmarks back then, and city leaders worried that if the buildings fell down, people wouldn’t know where they were after an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 1906 earthquake and fire, there was a lot of rebuilding to do and lawmakers made sure that all intersections got street stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days Gordon says San Francisco still stamps street names into sidewalks when intersections are changed or repaired. The Department of Public Works does some of the work itself, but also contracts out sidewalk construction. But there are about 18,000 intersections in the city and sometimes the installers make mistakes — or improvise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard thing to get right,” says Erica Fischer, who likes to find and photograph quirky mess-ups around the city. “You’re putting the letters in mirrored when you’re trying to stamp it on the sidewalk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the wonky stamps are just misspellings, but others show ingenuity. Stampers have used M’s with one arm brushed out for N’s, the number 1 for a lowercase L and so many other weird workarounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895712\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895712 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg\" alt=\"The name Clement is stamped into a sidewalk with an upside down 7 as an L.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another creative workaround where an installer used an upside-down 7 for an L. (Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Fischer’s favorites is in the Haight, where whoever did the stamping must not have had an S on hand. Instead, the person used two J’s, one with the hook facing down, and one with the hook up. Meshed together, they make a slanted S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s lots of those sort of improvised pieces out there,” Fischer says. She became obsessed with them when she made it a goal to walk every street in San Francisco and take photographs of interesting things along the way. Once Fischer started noticing all the funny things stamped in the streets, she couldn’t stop looking for more oddities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon with the city’s Department of Public Works says there are fewer mistakes than there used to be. “What we’re supposed to do is have our inspectors go out and make sure that the name is spelled correctly,” she says. “That started to happen a little more frequently when people were making fun of San Francisco for not having all the names spelled correctly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with 18,000 intersections there are bound to be some quirks, so keep your eyes peeled!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you look down while walking around Bay Area cities like San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland and Alameda, you often see the names of the two intersecting streets stamped into the concrete where the sidewalks meet. It can seem … redundant. There are overhead signs after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Heidi Hagberg got to wondering why we do things this way: “I’ve heard that it’s because of earthquakes and the potential for street signs to fall. Is that true?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answering Heidi’s question took us into the weird world of sidewalk stamps, which, it turns out, can be full of mistakes!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Heidi heard right — it’s because of earthquakes. In 1905, San Francisco officials passed an ordinance requiring that street stamps be used when new sidewalks were built. The ordinance passed \u003cem>before \u003c/em>the 1906 earthquake and fire. There were quakes before the big one that probably influenced city lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s streets were laid out just before the Gold Rush, but “there were not traditional street signs like we have today,” says Rachel Gordon, the director of policy and communications for San Francisco Public Works. People used buildings as landmarks back then, and city leaders worried that if the buildings fell down, people wouldn’t know where they were after an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 1906 earthquake and fire, there was a lot of rebuilding to do and lawmakers made sure that all intersections got street stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days Gordon says San Francisco still stamps street names into sidewalks when intersections are changed or repaired. The Department of Public Works does some of the work itself, but also contracts out sidewalk construction. But there are about 18,000 intersections in the city and sometimes the installers make mistakes — or improvise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard thing to get right,” says Erica Fischer, who likes to find and photograph quirky mess-ups around the city. “You’re putting the letters in mirrored when you’re trying to stamp it on the sidewalk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the wonky stamps are just misspellings, but others show ingenuity. Stampers have used M’s with one arm brushed out for N’s, the number 1 for a lowercase L and so many other weird workarounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895712\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895712 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg\" alt=\"The name Clement is stamped into a sidewalk with an upside down 7 as an L.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/C7ement-stamp-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another creative workaround where an installer used an upside-down 7 for an L. (Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(Erica Fischer/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/5165604779/in/album-72157622518303519/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of Fischer’s favorites is in the Haight, where whoever did the stamping must not have had an S on hand. Instead, the person used two J’s, one with the hook facing down, and one with the hook up. Meshed together, they make a slanted S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s lots of those sort of improvised pieces out there,” Fischer says. She became obsessed with them when she made it a goal to walk every street in San Francisco and take photographs of interesting things along the way. Once Fischer started noticing all the funny things stamped in the streets, she couldn’t stop looking for more oddities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Gordon with the city’s Department of Public Works says there are fewer mistakes than there used to be. “What we’re supposed to do is have our inspectors go out and make sure that the name is spelled correctly,” she says. “That started to happen a little more frequently when people were making fun of San Francisco for not having all the names spelled correctly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with 18,000 intersections there are bound to be some quirks, so keep your eyes peeled!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Were S.F. Streets Named After Gold Rush-Era Sex Workers?",
"headTitle": "Were S.F. Streets Named After Gold Rush-Era Sex Workers? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Bay Curious gets a lot of questions about why various landmarks and streets are named the way they are. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11837958/berkeley-renames-downtown-street-kala-bagai-way-after-south-asian-immigrant-activist\">Recent renaming of streets\u003c/a> and controversies over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857527/san-francisco-may-rename-schools-named-after-washington-lincoln-and-others\">school names\u003c/a> have shown us, there’s a lot wrapped up in a name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Hewlett lives in San Francisco’s South of Market neighborhood and wondered about a rumor he’s heard about a cluster of streets nearby that feature women’s names: Could it be that some of the alleys like Natoma and Clementina are named for Gold Rush-era sex workers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron isn’t the only one who’s heard this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to pin down the origin of why we want to believe in a romantic myth that early San Francisco lives on through its debauchery,” says LisaRuth Elliott, co-director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.shapingsf.org/\">Shaping San Francisco\u003c/a>, a community history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands the appeal of the sex worker theory — she even believed it herself for the first decade and a half she lived in San Francisco — but then she started asking where the myth originated and why it has persisted. If these women were that popular, she figured there would be more stories about them in the historical record. But there really aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, Elliott says, \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=BARBARY_COAST\">the Barbary Coast\u003c/a>, which holds romantic appeal in the modern day, was dirty and unsafe for most citizens. While the early days of San Francisco life did include many saloons and brothels, she thinks it’s unlikely that the city’s founders would memorialize that aspect of life in its formal names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LisaRuth Elliott, co-director of Shaping San Francisco, points out large areas of San Francisco that used to be marshy waterways before being filled with landfill. \u003ccite>(Sebastian Miño-Bucheli)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are three main reasons \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=SOMA_Side_Streets_Named_After_Ladies\">Elliott suspects the “ladies of the night” theory is wrong\u003c/a>. First, San Francisco in the 1840s and 1850s was a transient place. People were coming in and out of the city all the time and it’s unlikely that any one woman would have been around long enough to gain the notoriety required for a street to be named after her. Second, many of the names in question appear to be first names, an odd choice at any time. Most eponymous places and things are given the last names of people. Third, and most compelling to Elliott, is that when San Francisco first began booming, the entire city would have been oriented toward shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895824\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 494px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895824\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/steamboat-point.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of old shipbuilding operation and San Francisco Bay.\" width=\"494\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/steamboat-point.jpg 494w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/steamboat-point-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View from Steamboat Point in 1870, looking north. Tichenor’s Shipway, erected in 1859, at what is now 2nd + King Streets. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search/?searchtype=X&searcharg=%22Tichenor%27s%22+Shipway&sortdropdown=-&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBMIT=Search&searchlimits=&searchorigarg=X%22steamboat%22+point%26SORT%3DD\">Courtesy San Francisco History Center\u003c/a>, San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of ships coming into Yerba Buena Cove and a lot of ship traffic and trade,” Elliott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, there may have been more ships than women in San Francisco in the mid-1840s. That got Elliott thinking about the fact that boats are often given women’s first names. It’s common even now. So she started looking at old newspaper records, searching for names like “Jessie” and “Clementina,” two names often cited as potential sex workers. She didn’t find every name, but about 90% of the female first names on the South of Market streets seemed to be associated with ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in 1851 the Daily Alta California published this announcement: “Starkey Brothers and Co., offer for sale the entire cargo of the ship Jessie, from Liverpool, in lots to suit purchasers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Daily_Alta_California_March_14_1851_Vol._2_No._95_Jessie-590.jpg\" alt=\"Old timey newspaper announcement of the ship Jesse and her cargo.\" width=\"590\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Daily_Alta_California_March_14_1851_Vol._2_No._95_Jessie-590.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Daily_Alta_California_March_14_1851_Vol._2_No._95_Jessie-590-160x76.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of the Daily Alta California from March 14, 1851 that proclaims the goods for sale on the ship “Jesse.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And what was also common in my research among the ship names that matched the street names is that they all came in around the same time,” Elliott says. One of the earliest records was from 1847, and the later ones she found came from around 1851.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So they were all centered in the time period when shipbuilding was the main industry of South of Market, when it drove industry around that area, when people would have been thinking very regularly about ships as ways to get in and out of the city, as ways to procure what they needed within the city, as the places they were working themselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also about the time period when city founders were naming streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895807\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895807\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LisaRuth Elliott shows Katrina Schwartz a public art installation on King Street across from Oracle Park. The bronze line in the sidewalk shows where the shoreline used to be when this area was dedicated to shipbuilding before the bay was filled in to create more land. \u003ccite>(Sebastian Miño-Bucheli)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elliott is careful to say that hers is just a theory, not proven fact, but she thinks there’s far more evidence to support the idea that SOMA’s alleys are named for ships than that they were named for sex workers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/local/slideshow/San-Francisco-streets-named-after-gold-rush-era-201481.php\">Efforts to corroborate the sex worker theory fall short\u003c/a>, she says, because they rely on photographic evidence from the 1870s, which would have been long after these streets were named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the earliest maps of this part of the city were made in 1854, and street names like “Jessie,” “Minna,” “Tehama” and “Clementina” already appear on them. That makes the ship narrative a compelling alternative theory based on what life really would have been like in San Francisco at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so interested in getting into the fabric, the texture of how life was. And I think that this story really does that,” Elliott says. “Beyond that Barbary Coast nostalgia, you really get a sense of what it would have been like if ships were our main source of transportation, and our main source of news and goods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There's a pervasive myth that several alleys South of Market are named for Gold Rush era sex workers. But is it true?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Curious gets a lot of questions about why various landmarks and streets are named the way they are. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11837958/berkeley-renames-downtown-street-kala-bagai-way-after-south-asian-immigrant-activist\">Recent renaming of streets\u003c/a> and controversies over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857527/san-francisco-may-rename-schools-named-after-washington-lincoln-and-others\">school names\u003c/a> have shown us, there’s a lot wrapped up in a name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Hewlett lives in San Francisco’s South of Market neighborhood and wondered about a rumor he’s heard about a cluster of streets nearby that feature women’s names: Could it be that some of the alleys like Natoma and Clementina are named for Gold Rush-era sex workers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron isn’t the only one who’s heard this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to pin down the origin of why we want to believe in a romantic myth that early San Francisco lives on through its debauchery,” says LisaRuth Elliott, co-director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.shapingsf.org/\">Shaping San Francisco\u003c/a>, a community history project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands the appeal of the sex worker theory — she even believed it herself for the first decade and a half she lived in San Francisco — but then she started asking where the myth originated and why it has persisted. If these women were that popular, she figured there would be more stories about them in the historical record. But there really aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, Elliott says, \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=BARBARY_COAST\">the Barbary Coast\u003c/a>, which holds romantic appeal in the modern day, was dirty and unsafe for most citizens. While the early days of San Francisco life did include many saloons and brothels, she thinks it’s unlikely that the city’s founders would memorialize that aspect of life in its formal names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/SOMA-map-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LisaRuth Elliott, co-director of Shaping San Francisco, points out large areas of San Francisco that used to be marshy waterways before being filled with landfill. \u003ccite>(Sebastian Miño-Bucheli)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are three main reasons \u003ca href=\"https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=SOMA_Side_Streets_Named_After_Ladies\">Elliott suspects the “ladies of the night” theory is wrong\u003c/a>. First, San Francisco in the 1840s and 1850s was a transient place. People were coming in and out of the city all the time and it’s unlikely that any one woman would have been around long enough to gain the notoriety required for a street to be named after her. Second, many of the names in question appear to be first names, an odd choice at any time. Most eponymous places and things are given the last names of people. Third, and most compelling to Elliott, is that when San Francisco first began booming, the entire city would have been oriented toward shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895824\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 494px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895824\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/steamboat-point.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white photo of old shipbuilding operation and San Francisco Bay.\" width=\"494\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/steamboat-point.jpg 494w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/steamboat-point-160x130.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View from Steamboat Point in 1870, looking north. Tichenor’s Shipway, erected in 1859, at what is now 2nd + King Streets. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search/?searchtype=X&searcharg=%22Tichenor%27s%22+Shipway&sortdropdown=-&SORT=D&extended=0&SUBMIT=Search&searchlimits=&searchorigarg=X%22steamboat%22+point%26SORT%3DD\">Courtesy San Francisco History Center\u003c/a>, San Francisco Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of ships coming into Yerba Buena Cove and a lot of ship traffic and trade,” Elliott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, there may have been more ships than women in San Francisco in the mid-1840s. That got Elliott thinking about the fact that boats are often given women’s first names. It’s common even now. So she started looking at old newspaper records, searching for names like “Jessie” and “Clementina,” two names often cited as potential sex workers. She didn’t find every name, but about 90% of the female first names on the South of Market streets seemed to be associated with ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in 1851 the Daily Alta California published this announcement: “Starkey Brothers and Co., offer for sale the entire cargo of the ship Jessie, from Liverpool, in lots to suit purchasers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Daily_Alta_California_March_14_1851_Vol._2_No._95_Jessie-590.jpg\" alt=\"Old timey newspaper announcement of the ship Jesse and her cargo.\" width=\"590\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Daily_Alta_California_March_14_1851_Vol._2_No._95_Jessie-590.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Daily_Alta_California_March_14_1851_Vol._2_No._95_Jessie-590-160x76.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of the Daily Alta California from March 14, 1851 that proclaims the goods for sale on the ship “Jesse.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And what was also common in my research among the ship names that matched the street names is that they all came in around the same time,” Elliott says. One of the earliest records was from 1847, and the later ones she found came from around 1851.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So they were all centered in the time period when shipbuilding was the main industry of South of Market, when it drove industry around that area, when people would have been thinking very regularly about ships as ways to get in and out of the city, as ways to procure what they needed within the city, as the places they were working themselves,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also about the time period when city founders were naming streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895807\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895807\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/old-shoreline-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">LisaRuth Elliott shows Katrina Schwartz a public art installation on King Street across from Oracle Park. The bronze line in the sidewalk shows where the shoreline used to be when this area was dedicated to shipbuilding before the bay was filled in to create more land. \u003ccite>(Sebastian Miño-Bucheli)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Elliott is careful to say that hers is just a theory, not proven fact, but she thinks there’s far more evidence to support the idea that SOMA’s alleys are named for ships than that they were named for sex workers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/local/slideshow/San-Francisco-streets-named-after-gold-rush-era-201481.php\">Efforts to corroborate the sex worker theory fall short\u003c/a>, she says, because they rely on photographic evidence from the 1870s, which would have been long after these streets were named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the earliest maps of this part of the city were made in 1854, and street names like “Jessie,” “Minna,” “Tehama” and “Clementina” already appear on them. That makes the ship narrative a compelling alternative theory based on what life really would have been like in San Francisco at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are so interested in getting into the fabric, the texture of how life was. And I think that this story really does that,” Elliott says. “Beyond that Barbary Coast nostalgia, you really get a sense of what it would have been like if ships were our main source of transportation, and our main source of news and goods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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