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"content": "\u003cp>About 150 people attended the official launch of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.blwt.org/tour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black Liberation Walking Tour\u003c/a> — a new walking tour of West Oakland’s Hoover Durant neighborhood — on Juneteenth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The all-day event included singing, dancing, drums and West African music, in addition to food vendors and speeches. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gene Anderson, lifelong Oakland resident\"]‘A lot of Black history has been erased and forgotten. … This is one way to help resurface that history, but also a way for the neighborhood to claim itself: This is who we are.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-guided tour was made out of a “burning desire to share the stories of so much that has happened in this neighborhood to others that live here now, [and] that will live here in the future,” said creator David Peters, a third-generation West Oaklander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peters said he wants to celebrate the neighborhood’s vibrant but sometimes forgotten history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nine locations on the tour, which takes about an hour, but since it’s self-guided via mobile phone, individuals can go faster or slower as needed. Those taking the tour can \u003ca href=\"https://www.blwt.org/tour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scan a QR code on a smartphone to follow along\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878714\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878714\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Peters speaks about the Black Liberation Walking Tour during a launch party and Juneteenth Celebration at SPARC-it-Place in Oakland on June 19, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each location has a different story to tell, Peters said, noting that with gentrification, displacement and families moving out “these stories become lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the locations on the tour include St. Augustine’s Church, Flint’s Barbecue and the home of columnist \u003ca href=\"https://library.csun.edu/SCA/Peek-in-the-Stacks/delilah-beasley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Delilah Beasley\u003c/a>, who was a columnist for the Oakland Tribune in 1923.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peters said he felt it was important to bring the stories together “in order to build community cohesion, to build community power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tour is grounded in the idea that if people who live in the area know more about where they live, they may be more respectful of its history and perhaps not so eager to “tear things down,” Peters said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of Black history has been erased and forgotten,” said Gene Anderson, a lifelong resident of Oakland who helped conduct historical research for the walking tour. “This is one way to help resurface that history, but also a way for the neighborhood to claim itself: This is who we are.” [aside tag=\"juneteenth\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husband and wife pair Susan Bodnar-Deren, a professor of sociology, and Dingani Mthethwa, a professor of history, both at Virginia Commonwealth University, attended the event and went on the self-guided walking tour. Learning about West Oakland’s history, both said they saw similarities to the struggles of Black people in Richmond, Virginia, and in South Africa, where Mthethwa is originally from. “Hearing this story brings in all those memories and parallels,” Mthethwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is so nice to see Oakland as one of those places I’m proud to say I’m from,” said Tamika Nicole, a singer who grew up in Oakland and sang “\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/black-culture/explore/black-authors-spoken-word-poetry/lift-every-voice-and-sing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lift Every Voice and Sing\u003c/a>” (also known as the Black National Anthem) at the event. She said she felt blessed to have had the opportunity to learn Black history and ethnic studies. “We have the opportunity to be around lots of other people and celebrate all of our contributions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the joy of celebrating Juneteenth, Nicole said there’s also much more to be done: “We did ask for us to stop being killed, but we got a holiday. So here we are.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About 150 people attended the official launch of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.blwt.org/tour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Black Liberation Walking Tour\u003c/a> — a new walking tour of West Oakland’s Hoover Durant neighborhood — on Juneteenth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The all-day event included singing, dancing, drums and West African music, in addition to food vendors and speeches. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The self-guided tour was made out of a “burning desire to share the stories of so much that has happened in this neighborhood to others that live here now, [and] that will live here in the future,” said creator David Peters, a third-generation West Oaklander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peters said he wants to celebrate the neighborhood’s vibrant but sometimes forgotten history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nine locations on the tour, which takes about an hour, but since it’s self-guided via mobile phone, individuals can go faster or slower as needed. Those taking the tour can \u003ca href=\"https://www.blwt.org/tour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scan a QR code on a smartphone to follow along\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878714\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878714\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-6.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Peters speaks about the Black Liberation Walking Tour during a launch party and Juneteenth Celebration at SPARC-it-Place in Oakland on June 19, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each location has a different story to tell, Peters said, noting that with gentrification, displacement and families moving out “these stories become lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the locations on the tour include St. Augustine’s Church, Flint’s Barbecue and the home of columnist \u003ca href=\"https://library.csun.edu/SCA/Peek-in-the-Stacks/delilah-beasley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Delilah Beasley\u003c/a>, who was a columnist for the Oakland Tribune in 1923.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peters said he felt it was important to bring the stories together “in order to build community cohesion, to build community power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tour is grounded in the idea that if people who live in the area know more about where they live, they may be more respectful of its history and perhaps not so eager to “tear things down,” Peters said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of Black history has been erased and forgotten,” said Gene Anderson, a lifelong resident of Oakland who helped conduct historical research for the walking tour. “This is one way to help resurface that history, but also a way for the neighborhood to claim itself: This is who we are.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husband and wife pair Susan Bodnar-Deren, a professor of sociology, and Dingani Mthethwa, a professor of history, both at Virginia Commonwealth University, attended the event and went on the self-guided walking tour. Learning about West Oakland’s history, both said they saw similarities to the struggles of Black people in Richmond, Virginia, and in South Africa, where Mthethwa is originally from. “Hearing this story brings in all those memories and parallels,” Mthethwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is so nice to see Oakland as one of those places I’m proud to say I’m from,” said Tamika Nicole, a singer who grew up in Oakland and sang “\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/black-culture/explore/black-authors-spoken-word-poetry/lift-every-voice-and-sing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lift Every Voice and Sing\u003c/a>” (also known as the Black National Anthem) at the event. She said she felt blessed to have had the opportunity to learn Black history and ethnic studies. “We have the opportunity to be around lots of other people and celebrate all of our contributions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the joy of celebrating Juneteenth, Nicole said there’s also much more to be done: “We did ask for us to stop being killed, but we got a holiday. So here we are.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In celebration of Juneteenth this year, \u003ca href=\"https://westoaklandmuralproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The West Oakland Mural Project\u003c/a> opened a small museum to highlight Black Panther Party history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to stay here for as long as I am able to sustain it,” said Jilchristina Vest, the visionary and owner of the house and museum, on what she’s calling a “mini museum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Kate Wolffe spoke with Vest about what she hopes to share with the community, the significance of the location and what it means to open this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878702\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abené (left) and Julian Rucker look at displays in the Black Panther Mini Museum in Oakland on June 19, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What can people find inside the mini museum?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jilchristina Vest:\u003c/strong> The mini museum is a combination of several 8-foot banners that have a lot of beautiful photographs and a lot of really amazing information on them. There’s a lot of news articles — and information to take away, things you’ve never seen. A lot of it has been educational material that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858928/west-oakland-mural-honors-women-of-black-panther-party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ericka Huggins\u003c/a> has used in classrooms, as well as museum exhibits and pop ups.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jilchristina Vest\"]‘Oakland should be nothing but unabashedly proud that they are the birthplace of, in my opinion, the most dynamic group of humanitarians that ever gathered in one place at any point in history.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The items in the museum belong to Lisbet Tellefsen, who has curated other exhibits. These items have never been displayed all at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You really get to dive deep and learn about the Panthers taking elders to the grocery store, and making sure that people had their sugar checked and their blood pressure checked. It’s very in-depth and it’s very concentrated on 60 survival programs — giving people what they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I have experienced so far, of people leaving the museum, is people walk away lighter and happier, joyful, taller and feeling proud and grateful to have this information in their brain. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Can you describe the history of this street and the legacy of the Black Panther Party here?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I bought my house in 2000 and I purchased a house here in West Oakland because of the Black Panther legacy, and how it’s attached to West Oakland. About five years after I moved in, I realized that the house is across the street from where Huey P. Newton was killed in 1989. I did not know that when I bought the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just became even more profound because of the Black Panther Party. Most recently, on Feb. 17, on Huey P. Newton’s birthday, they renamed Ninth Street Dr. Huey P. Newton Way. Coming up in October, they’re going to be installing a bust from the Huey P. Newton Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the mural is sitting on Huey P. Newton Way, which wasn’t the case when the mural was born last summer — everything really seems to be falling in place beautifully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I think is so important is there’s a large group of people that know a fuller story of who the Black Panther Party was. A majority of Americans have been fed misinformation and a very biased and negative story of who the Black Panther Party was. It’s very, very important to me to teach and educate people who they really were and this museum and the mural makes it very obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can you talk a bit about preserving the legacy of the Black Panther Party?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I think that there’s a movement right now, specifically in Oakland, and I hope that I am a part of that spark. I definitely want to be a part of the movement to ask Oakland to stand up and start behaving as if they are proud of this legacy. [aside postID=news_11873838,news_11858928]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland should be nothing but unabashedly proud that they are the birthplace of, in my opinion, the most dynamic group of humanitarians that ever gathered in one place at any point in history. Oakland gave birth to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lot of Black Panthers still in the Bay Area that want to participate in that. Nobody’s trying to hide any part of the history — we’re trying to complete the story. This movement, this mural, this museum, my mission is to try to complete the story, give all the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, along with all kinds of history that has been labeled Black history or ethnic history, and therefore [some say] we don’t have to teach it. This is American history. American citizens were helped by the Black Panther Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In celebration of Juneteenth this year, \u003ca href=\"https://westoaklandmuralproject.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The West Oakland Mural Project\u003c/a> opened a small museum to highlight Black Panther Party history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to stay here for as long as I am able to sustain it,” said Jilchristina Vest, the visionary and owner of the house and museum, on what she’s calling a “mini museum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Kate Wolffe spoke with Vest about what she hopes to share with the community, the significance of the location and what it means to open this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878702\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Image-from-iOS-2.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abené (left) and Julian Rucker look at displays in the Black Panther Mini Museum in Oakland on June 19, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What can people find inside the mini museum?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jilchristina Vest:\u003c/strong> The mini museum is a combination of several 8-foot banners that have a lot of beautiful photographs and a lot of really amazing information on them. There’s a lot of news articles — and information to take away, things you’ve never seen. A lot of it has been educational material that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858928/west-oakland-mural-honors-women-of-black-panther-party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ericka Huggins\u003c/a> has used in classrooms, as well as museum exhibits and pop ups.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Oakland should be nothing but unabashedly proud that they are the birthplace of, in my opinion, the most dynamic group of humanitarians that ever gathered in one place at any point in history.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The items in the museum belong to Lisbet Tellefsen, who has curated other exhibits. These items have never been displayed all at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You really get to dive deep and learn about the Panthers taking elders to the grocery store, and making sure that people had their sugar checked and their blood pressure checked. It’s very in-depth and it’s very concentrated on 60 survival programs — giving people what they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I have experienced so far, of people leaving the museum, is people walk away lighter and happier, joyful, taller and feeling proud and grateful to have this information in their brain. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Can you describe the history of this street and the legacy of the Black Panther Party here?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I bought my house in 2000 and I purchased a house here in West Oakland because of the Black Panther legacy, and how it’s attached to West Oakland. About five years after I moved in, I realized that the house is across the street from where Huey P. Newton was killed in 1989. I did not know that when I bought the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just became even more profound because of the Black Panther Party. Most recently, on Feb. 17, on Huey P. Newton’s birthday, they renamed Ninth Street Dr. Huey P. Newton Way. Coming up in October, they’re going to be installing a bust from the Huey P. Newton Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the mural is sitting on Huey P. Newton Way, which wasn’t the case when the mural was born last summer — everything really seems to be falling in place beautifully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I think is so important is there’s a large group of people that know a fuller story of who the Black Panther Party was. A majority of Americans have been fed misinformation and a very biased and negative story of who the Black Panther Party was. It’s very, very important to me to teach and educate people who they really were and this museum and the mural makes it very obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can you talk a bit about preserving the legacy of the Black Panther Party?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I think that there’s a movement right now, specifically in Oakland, and I hope that I am a part of that spark. I definitely want to be a part of the movement to ask Oakland to stand up and start behaving as if they are proud of this legacy. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland should be nothing but unabashedly proud that they are the birthplace of, in my opinion, the most dynamic group of humanitarians that ever gathered in one place at any point in history. Oakland gave birth to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lot of Black Panthers still in the Bay Area that want to participate in that. Nobody’s trying to hide any part of the history — we’re trying to complete the story. This movement, this mural, this museum, my mission is to try to complete the story, give all the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, along with all kinds of history that has been labeled Black history or ethnic history, and therefore [some say] we don’t have to teach it. This is American history. American citizens were helped by the Black Panther Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Jose Had 5 Chinatowns. What Happened To Them?",
"headTitle": "San Jose Had 5 Chinatowns. What Happened To Them? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On the West Coast, you can find Chinatowns from Seattle to San Diego. The Bay Area is home to two of the oldest Chinatowns, in San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose also has a rich history of Chinatowns — there have been \u003cem>five\u003c/em> Chinatowns in its history. So, why doesn’t San Jose have a Chinatown today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story starts in the 1850s, when the Gold Rush drew thousands of people to California, including Chinese immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of those Chinese immigrants who came were working class,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/cas/ethnic-studies/faculty--staff/james-s-lai/\">James Lai\u003c/a>, a professor of ethnic studies at Santa Clara University. “They came for the same reason why they still come this very day: for economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived in California, the immigrants realized it was far from the dream of “Gold Mountain.” Some attempted mining for gold, but many others found work building the transcontinental railroad. Companies would pay for room, board and transportation, but the contracts for these jobs were short-term. When they ended, many of those men were left to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They had to continue on,” Lai said. “They had to find work in different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some went to San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/426-chinese-laundries.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw1TmGNgd_eDe4NC3K-7Ep0B\">opened laundromats\u003c/a> and other businesses, while others built levees throughout the\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154414?seq%3D1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw2ewXH_hfMFQjboyWdEBfmJ\"> Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ3LT1Exiv2YC%26pg%3DPP43%26lpg%3DPP43%26dq%3DChinese%2Bimmigrants%2Bpicking%2Borchards%2Bsanta%2Bclara%2Bvalley%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DmE1gJBaRRG%26sig%3DACfU3U3QhADwH3bvD5wIkKIatKHM6ueACw%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjmxpHNm6LwAhXMJDQIHWHzD50Q6AEwCXoECA0QAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DChinese%2520immigrants%2520picking%2520orchards%2520santa%2520clara%2520valley%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500853000&usg=AOvVaw3GAPGVWoz63O4kmfFhF4lF\"> picked orchards in the Santa Clara Valley\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Chinese immigrants first arrived, they expected to do hard labor, make their earnings and return home to their families. A lot of Chinese men came over, leaving women and children behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ratio was roughly 26-to-1 Chinese American men to women, at this point,” Lai said. “They never achieved the wealth that they hoped they would achieve to be able to return back to their village and retire or help their families. So they stayed and they endured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Chinatowns in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_land_laws/\">Racist policies\u003c/a> kept Chinese immigrants from owning property and white people didn’t want them in their neighborhoods. So, they built their own communities. In San Jose, it began with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500849000&usg=AOvVaw2cs3gxlaMLOeoNemjY7cB9\">First Market Street Chinatown\u003c/a>, which was built in 1866, but burned down a few years later in 1870. The community rebuilt a few blocks away and became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500850000&usg=AOvVaw08mjb_Uf57Oo197CxGFX73\">Vine Street Chinatown. \u003c/a>It too burned down in 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks is visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks are visible in the background. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the moment Chinese immigrants started coming to America, they faced racism and violence. White residents wanted to send a message that they weren’t welcome and used arson to terrorize and destroy Chinese communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chinese immigrants kept rebuilding. Lai explains there wasn’t another option. “It was just simply to continue to try to plant your roots and the only way you could do it was through these kinds of Chinatowns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the community was growing fast. In 1872, the Second Market Street Chinatown was built in downtown San Jose, where the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/travel/article/Bay-Area-San-Jose-Chinatown-history-arson-16194117.php\">Fairmont Hotel is located today\u003c/a>. More than 1,400 people lived there, a far bigger population than the previous Chinatowns. There were shops, three restaurants, a theater and a temple. The people who lived in this Chinatown worked in factories, which manufactured cigars, shoes, clothing and furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Second Market Street Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hiddenhistoriesjtown.org/personnel/connie-young-yu/\">Connie Young Yu\u003c/a> is a local South Bay historian whose ancestry traces back to this Chinatown. Her grandfather’s uncle was already living in San Jose and would travel back to China and tell family about the wonders of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg\" alt=\"A rooftop view of San Jose's Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-1020x770.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-160x121.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rooftop view of San Jose’s Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[My grandfather’s] uncle was telling him about this beautiful area where you can work hard and there were good wages in Gum San,” Yu said. “America was called Gum San: Gold Mountain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yu’s grandfather, Young Soong Quong, arrived in 1881 to the Second Market Street Chinatown when he was 11 years old. He stocked shelves and cleaned floors in his uncle’s shop, where many laborers came to eat, play cards and send money back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, a white family hired him as a houseboy, a job which required him to leave Chinatown. It was there where he experienced racial violence for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When he would go back to the Market Street Chinatown, he’d have to run really fast because white kids would be throwing rocks at him,” Yu said. “This was a vivid memory he passed down to us kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Anti-Chinese Movement in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://anthropology.stanford.edu/people/barbara-voss\">Barbara Voss\u003c/a>, a historical archeologist at Stanford, is not surprised Young faced racial violence in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The anti-Chinese movement had been building throughout the western United States for about 20 years at this point,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1880s, an angry mob burned San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/10/15/san-jose-pastor-helps-first-united-methodist-rise-from-the-ashes/\">First Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> down when they learned the church did missionary work for Chinese immigrants and held a Sunday school service for Chinese children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had already enacted legislation that targeted Chinese immigrants, including the \u003ca href=\"https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/1714#:~:text=In%201850%2C%20the%20California%20legislature,not%20forced%20to%20pay%20it.\">Foreign Miner’s License of 1848\u003c/a> which required miners who were not citizens to pay $20 a month for the right to mine in California. Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationhistory.org/item/page-act/\">Page Act of 1875\u003c/a>, which prohibited women, particularly Chinese women from immigrating to the country for “immoral purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1882, Congress passed the nation’s most restrictive immigration bill: \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882\">The Chinese Exclusion Act\u003c/a>. It prohibited all Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and prevented those that were here from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These anti-Chinese laws passed at the federal and state level set the stage for San Jose to host the first statewide \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DDAC18860205.2.86%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500843000&usg=AOvVaw0ji7eOUGpKp43IKpKoAD8d\">Anti-Chinese Convention in 1886\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were motivational speakers who were arguing racist slogans; arguing that the Chinese must go; making arguments about why white people are superior to Chinese people; making arguments about what they perceived to be the negative impact of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans on the economy of San Jose,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voss finds it eerie how similar some of the arguments made back then are to the anti-immigration arguments of today. The rally was well attended and was held just a few blocks away from the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Anti-Chinese movement in San Jose was as much about local boosterism as it was about racism,” Voss explained. “The leaders of this movement found that they could not promote San Jose as a place for business development and settlement if the Chinatown remained in downtown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Chinatown Must Go”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A year after the convention, the San Jose Mercury News featured \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DSJMN18861207.2.22%26srpos%3D53%26e%3D-------en--20-SJMN-41--txt-txIN-chinatown%252c%2BCharles%2BBreyfogle-------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500844000&usg=AOvVaw3pVhMLKpkDQd7Gm6lhZCS3\">front page testimony\u003c/a> from city leaders including the fire and police chiefs, the street commissioner and the mayor with one message: Chinatown must go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was of their opinion that the general condition of the locality in a sanitary point of view could not be worse and in an aesthetic or moral sense, it was revolting,” the testimony read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Charles Breyfogle and the City Council voted unanimously to get rid of the Second Market Street Chinatown. But before any official action was taken, the Chinatown was burned down. That made it the third Chinatown in San Jose to succumb to arson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were no recorded casualties, but homes and businesses were destroyed and the community was displaced again. There was another small Chinatown in San Jose called the Woolen Mills Chinatown around the same time. The property was owned by the San Jose Woolen Manufacturing Company and provided to workers as a living accommodation. But that Chinatown was too small to accommodate the much larger population of the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, Chinese residents had already started moving out of San Jose. After the fire, even more left. “There are anecdotal accounts from descendants that people started considering whether or not to move back to China,” Voss said. “Some folks moved to more rural areas where they were out of the public eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu’s grandfather was among the immigrants who left for San Francisco. He didn’t return for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Rise of Heinlenville\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The community would rebuild with the help of another immigrant named John Heinlen. He moved with his wife and children from Ohio to farm in California. Yu said \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/marketstreet/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/SJ_Chinatown_Heritagefair.pdf\">Heinlen’s family faced anti-German discrimination in the Midwest\u003c/a> and when he came to California, he saw Chinese immigrants facing discrimination and sympathized with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a friend to the Chinese,” she said. “He had hired Chinese before [and] leased land to the Chinese in his other holdings in Fresno.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months after the fire, news broke that Heinlen had leased some of his land to Chinese residents who lost their homes and land. He was going to build a new Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was such an uproar among the citizens,” Yu said. “They said ‘Down with John Heinlen, he’s a traitor to his people\u003cstrong>.'”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite death threats, Heinlen finished construction of the new Chinatown in 1887, just months after the fire that destroyed the last Chinatown. Angry locals called the new Chinatown “Heinlenville,” and the name stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They couldn’t drive out Chinatown,” Yu said. “Chinatown was there to stay and John Heinlen, to protect the Chinese, he built an eight-foot-high fence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg\" alt='A flag bearing the Chinese words \"Ng Shing Gung\" Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers.' width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flag bearing the Chinese words “Ng Shing Gung” Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History of San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fence had a gate which was locked every night, while foot patrols provided security. Eventually, Young Soong Quong, Connie Young Yu’s grandfather, became a partner at one of the shops in Heinlenville and was able to settle in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heinlen gave him a chance for a new life in San Jose. He was a merchant and he was able to send for his wife in China,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had been separated for 14 years. Yu’s grandmother arrived in California in 1910 and they had their first son, Ming Young. Two years later, Yu’s father, John, was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville became a thriving community with 2,000 residents. Newspaper accounts said the\u003ca href=\"https://content.scu.edu/digital/collection/svhocdm/id/293/\"> Ng Shing Gung Temple\u003c/a>, a two story structure, was the center of the community. The upper floor housed an intricately carved and gilded altar with five deities. The lower floor was used as a town hall and as a Chinese school for the children who grew up in Heinlenville.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>San Jose’s Last Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville was San Jose’s longest established Chinatown,\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ1iXsBTZTPYC%26pg%3DPA10%26lpg%3DPA10%26dq%3Dheinlenville%2Bsan%2Bjose%2Blongest%2Bestablished%2Bchinatown%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DIsm4WsmPWC%26sig%3DACfU3U15sWrVzpU4f4fX92YJ76wXULY88A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi5ipuBt6LwAhW2CTQIHUuiAjwQ6AEwDHoECBIQAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dheinlenville%2520san%2520jose%2520longest%2520established%2520chinatown%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500848000&usg=AOvVaw3K2QL4it8fVfFJBq6zxuf1\"> lasting for 44 years\u003c/a>, until 1931.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Chinese Exclusion Act was in place for many years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=http://chcp.org/heinlenville-chinatown/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500855000&usg=AOvVaw2g2_VaK7gzwnF7-g8QP3N3\">immigration from China slowly dwindled\u003c/a>. And many men weren’t as fortunate as Young Soong Quong, who could bring his wife to join him in America. Their families were still in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The workers were getting kind of old and there were no new laborers coming in to work in the fields,” Yu said. Soon, there weren’t enough people left in Chinatown \u003ca href=\"https://chcp.org/Heinlenville-Chinatown/\">to keep it alive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Depression took a toll on the Heinlen estate, which owned the land the Chinatown stood on. In 1931, the estate went bankrupt and Heinlenville became city property. All the buildings were eventually demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu has been working with the city to build a park where the last Chinatown once stood, not far from San Jose’s Japantown. The park will commemorate John Heinlen’s contributions to the city and highlight the history of San Jose’s Chinese community. It will be called Heinlenville Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "San Jose has been home to five Chinatowns throughout its history, so why doesn't it have a Chinatown today? The answer lies in the city's dark and racist past. ",
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"description": "San Jose has been home to five Chinatowns throughout its history, so why doesn't it have a Chinatown today? The answer lies in the city's dark and racist past. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the West Coast, you can find Chinatowns from Seattle to San Diego. The Bay Area is home to two of the oldest Chinatowns, in San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose also has a rich history of Chinatowns — there have been \u003cem>five\u003c/em> Chinatowns in its history. So, why doesn’t San Jose have a Chinatown today?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story starts in the 1850s, when the Gold Rush drew thousands of people to California, including Chinese immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of those Chinese immigrants who came were working class,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.scu.edu/cas/ethnic-studies/faculty--staff/james-s-lai/\">James Lai\u003c/a>, a professor of ethnic studies at Santa Clara University. “They came for the same reason why they still come this very day: for economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived in California, the immigrants realized it was far from the dream of “Gold Mountain.” Some attempted mining for gold, but many others found work building the transcontinental railroad. Companies would pay for room, board and transportation, but the contracts for these jobs were short-term. When they ended, many of those men were left to fend for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They had to continue on,” Lai said. “They had to find work in different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some went to San Francisco and \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/426-chinese-laundries.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw1TmGNgd_eDe4NC3K-7Ep0B\">opened laundromats\u003c/a> and other businesses, while others built levees throughout the\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154414?seq%3D1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500851000&usg=AOvVaw2ewXH_hfMFQjboyWdEBfmJ\"> Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ3LT1Exiv2YC%26pg%3DPP43%26lpg%3DPP43%26dq%3DChinese%2Bimmigrants%2Bpicking%2Borchards%2Bsanta%2Bclara%2Bvalley%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DmE1gJBaRRG%26sig%3DACfU3U3QhADwH3bvD5wIkKIatKHM6ueACw%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjmxpHNm6LwAhXMJDQIHWHzD50Q6AEwCXoECA0QAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DChinese%2520immigrants%2520picking%2520orchards%2520santa%2520clara%2520valley%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500853000&usg=AOvVaw3GAPGVWoz63O4kmfFhF4lF\"> picked orchards in the Santa Clara Valley\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Chinese immigrants first arrived, they expected to do hard labor, make their earnings and return home to their families. A lot of Chinese men came over, leaving women and children behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ratio was roughly 26-to-1 Chinese American men to women, at this point,” Lai said. “They never achieved the wealth that they hoped they would achieve to be able to return back to their village and retire or help their families. So they stayed and they endured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Chinatowns in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Alien_land_laws/\">Racist policies\u003c/a> kept Chinese immigrants from owning property and white people didn’t want them in their neighborhoods. So, they built their own communities. In San Jose, it began with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500849000&usg=AOvVaw2cs3gxlaMLOeoNemjY7cB9\">First Market Street Chinatown\u003c/a>, which was built in 1866, but burned down a few years later in 1870. The community rebuilt a few blocks away and became known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_in_San_Jose_and_the_Santa_Clara/Q1iXsBTZTPYC?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dfirst%2Bmarket%2Bstreet%2Bchinatown%2Bsan%2Bjose%26pg%3DPA10%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500850000&usg=AOvVaw08mjb_Uf57Oo197CxGFX73\">Vine Street Chinatown. \u003c/a>It too burned down in 1872.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks is visible in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-82.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The First Market Street Chinatown in San Jose was built in 1866. In this photo, the towers of McKenzie Iron Foundry, the San Jose Brewery and San Jose waterworks are visible in the background. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the moment Chinese immigrants started coming to America, they faced racism and violence. White residents wanted to send a message that they weren’t welcome and used arson to terrorize and destroy Chinese communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chinese immigrants kept rebuilding. Lai explains there wasn’t another option. “It was just simply to continue to try to plant your roots and the only way you could do it was through these kinds of Chinatowns,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the community was growing fast. In 1872, the Second Market Street Chinatown was built in downtown San Jose, where the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/travel/article/Bay-Area-San-Jose-Chinatown-history-arson-16194117.php\">Fairmont Hotel is located today\u003c/a>. More than 1,400 people lived there, a far bigger population than the previous Chinatowns. There were shops, three restaurants, a theater and a temple. The people who lived in this Chinatown worked in factories, which manufactured cigars, shoes, clothing and furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Second Market Street Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://hiddenhistoriesjtown.org/personnel/connie-young-yu/\">Connie Young Yu\u003c/a> is a local South Bay historian whose ancestry traces back to this Chinatown. Her grandfather’s uncle was already living in San Jose and would travel back to China and tell family about the wonders of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg\" alt=\"A rooftop view of San Jose's Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-800x604.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-1020x770.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670-160x121.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-670.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rooftop view of San Jose’s Second Market Street Chinatown. This Chinatown was much larger than any other Chinatown which came before it. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[My grandfather’s] uncle was telling him about this beautiful area where you can work hard and there were good wages in Gum San,” Yu said. “America was called Gum San: Gold Mountain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yu’s grandfather, Young Soong Quong, arrived in 1881 to the Second Market Street Chinatown when he was 11 years old. He stocked shelves and cleaned floors in his uncle’s shop, where many laborers came to eat, play cards and send money back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, a white family hired him as a houseboy, a job which required him to leave Chinatown. It was there where he experienced racial violence for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When he would go back to the Market Street Chinatown, he’d have to run really fast because white kids would be throwing rocks at him,” Yu said. “This was a vivid memory he passed down to us kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Anti-Chinese Movement in San Jose\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://anthropology.stanford.edu/people/barbara-voss\">Barbara Voss\u003c/a>, a historical archeologist at Stanford, is not surprised Young faced racial violence in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The anti-Chinese movement had been building throughout the western United States for about 20 years at this point,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1880s, an angry mob burned San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/10/15/san-jose-pastor-helps-first-united-methodist-rise-from-the-ashes/\">First Methodist Episcopal Church\u003c/a> down when they learned the church did missionary work for Chinese immigrants and held a Sunday school service for Chinese children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had already enacted legislation that targeted Chinese immigrants, including the \u003ca href=\"https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/1714#:~:text=In%201850%2C%20the%20California%20legislature,not%20forced%20to%20pay%20it.\">Foreign Miner’s License of 1848\u003c/a> which required miners who were not citizens to pay $20 a month for the right to mine in California. Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationhistory.org/item/page-act/\">Page Act of 1875\u003c/a>, which prohibited women, particularly Chinese women from immigrating to the country for “immoral purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1882, Congress passed the nation’s most restrictive immigration bill: \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882\">The Chinese Exclusion Act\u003c/a>. It prohibited all Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and prevented those that were here from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These anti-Chinese laws passed at the federal and state level set the stage for San Jose to host the first statewide \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DDAC18860205.2.86%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500843000&usg=AOvVaw0ji7eOUGpKp43IKpKoAD8d\">Anti-Chinese Convention in 1886\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were motivational speakers who were arguing racist slogans; arguing that the Chinese must go; making arguments about why white people are superior to Chinese people; making arguments about what they perceived to be the negative impact of Chinese immigrants and Chinese Americans on the economy of San Jose,” Voss said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voss finds it eerie how similar some of the arguments made back then are to the anti-immigration arguments of today. The rally was well attended and was held just a few blocks away from the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Anti-Chinese movement in San Jose was as much about local boosterism as it was about racism,” Voss explained. “The leaders of this movement found that they could not promote San Jose as a place for business development and settlement if the Chinatown remained in downtown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Chinatown Must Go”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A year after the convention, the San Jose Mercury News featured \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a%3Dd%26d%3DSJMN18861207.2.22%26srpos%3D53%26e%3D-------en--20-SJMN-41--txt-txIN-chinatown%252c%2BCharles%2BBreyfogle-------1&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500844000&usg=AOvVaw3pVhMLKpkDQd7Gm6lhZCS3\">front page testimony\u003c/a> from city leaders including the fire and police chiefs, the street commissioner and the mayor with one message: Chinatown must go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was of their opinion that the general condition of the locality in a sanitary point of view could not be worse and in an aesthetic or moral sense, it was revolting,” the testimony read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Charles Breyfogle and the City Council voted unanimously to get rid of the Second Market Street Chinatown. But before any official action was taken, the Chinatown was burned down. That made it the third Chinatown in San Jose to succumb to arson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg\" alt=\"The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-800x591.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/1997-300-1683.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Second Market Street Chinatown burned down in an arson fire in 1887. There were no recorded casualties, but the entire Chinese community in San Jose was displaced. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were no recorded casualties, but homes and businesses were destroyed and the community was displaced again. There was another small Chinatown in San Jose called the Woolen Mills Chinatown around the same time. The property was owned by the San Jose Woolen Manufacturing Company and provided to workers as a living accommodation. But that Chinatown was too small to accommodate the much larger population of the Second Market Street Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the fire, Chinese residents had already started moving out of San Jose. After the fire, even more left. “There are anecdotal accounts from descendants that people started considering whether or not to move back to China,” Voss said. “Some folks moved to more rural areas where they were out of the public eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu’s grandfather was among the immigrants who left for San Francisco. He didn’t return for a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Rise of Heinlenville\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The community would rebuild with the help of another immigrant named John Heinlen. He moved with his wife and children from Ohio to farm in California. Yu said \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/marketstreet/cgi-bin/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/SJ_Chinatown_Heritagefair.pdf\">Heinlen’s family faced anti-German discrimination in the Midwest\u003c/a> and when he came to California, he saw Chinese immigrants facing discrimination and sympathized with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a friend to the Chinese,” she said. “He had hired Chinese before [and] leased land to the Chinese in his other holdings in Fresno.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months after the fire, news broke that Heinlen had leased some of his land to Chinese residents who lost their homes and land. He was going to build a new Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was such an uproar among the citizens,” Yu said. “They said ‘Down with John Heinlen, he’s a traitor to his people\u003cstrong>.'”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite death threats, Heinlen finished construction of the new Chinatown in 1887, just months after the fire that destroyed the last Chinatown. Angry locals called the new Chinatown “Heinlenville,” and the name stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They couldn’t drive out Chinatown,” Yu said. “Chinatown was there to stay and John Heinlen, to protect the Chinese, he built an eight-foot-high fence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11878188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg\" alt='A flag bearing the Chinese words \"Ng Shing Gung\" Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers.' width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-800x507.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/2005-32-4.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flag bearing the Chinese words “Ng Shing Gung” Temple of Five Gods, leads a procession outside the gates of Heinlenville. Residents of the Chinatown celebrated festivals with firecrackers and sparklers. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of History of San Jose)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fence had a gate which was locked every night, while foot patrols provided security. Eventually, Young Soong Quong, Connie Young Yu’s grandfather, became a partner at one of the shops in Heinlenville and was able to settle in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heinlen gave him a chance for a new life in San Jose. He was a merchant and he was able to send for his wife in China,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had been separated for 14 years. Yu’s grandmother arrived in California in 1910 and they had their first son, Ming Young. Two years later, Yu’s father, John, was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville became a thriving community with 2,000 residents. Newspaper accounts said the\u003ca href=\"https://content.scu.edu/digital/collection/svhocdm/id/293/\"> Ng Shing Gung Temple\u003c/a>, a two story structure, was the center of the community. The upper floor housed an intricately carved and gilded altar with five deities. The lower floor was used as a town hall and as a Chinese school for the children who grew up in Heinlenville.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>San Jose’s Last Chinatown\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Heinlenville was San Jose’s longest established Chinatown,\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQ1iXsBTZTPYC%26pg%3DPA10%26lpg%3DPA10%26dq%3Dheinlenville%2Bsan%2Bjose%2Blongest%2Bestablished%2Bchinatown%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DIsm4WsmPWC%26sig%3DACfU3U15sWrVzpU4f4fX92YJ76wXULY88A%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwi5ipuBt6LwAhW2CTQIHUuiAjwQ6AEwDHoECBIQAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dheinlenville%2520san%2520jose%2520longest%2520established%2520chinatown%26f%3Dfalse&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500848000&usg=AOvVaw3K2QL4it8fVfFJBq6zxuf1\"> lasting for 44 years\u003c/a>, until 1931.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the Chinese Exclusion Act was in place for many years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=http://chcp.org/heinlenville-chinatown/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1623801500855000&usg=AOvVaw2g2_VaK7gzwnF7-g8QP3N3\">immigration from China slowly dwindled\u003c/a>. And many men weren’t as fortunate as Young Soong Quong, who could bring his wife to join him in America. Their families were still in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The workers were getting kind of old and there were no new laborers coming in to work in the fields,” Yu said. Soon, there weren’t enough people left in Chinatown \u003ca href=\"https://chcp.org/Heinlenville-Chinatown/\">to keep it alive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Depression took a toll on the Heinlen estate, which owned the land the Chinatown stood on. In 1931, the estate went bankrupt and Heinlenville became city property. All the buildings were eventually demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Young Yu has been working with the city to build a park where the last Chinatown once stood, not far from San Jose’s Japantown. The park will commemorate John Heinlen’s contributions to the city and highlight the history of San Jose’s Chinese community. It will be called Heinlenville Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Beautiful Bay Bridge Frank Lloyd Wright Never Got to Build",
"headTitle": "The Beautiful Bay Bridge Frank Lloyd Wright Never Got to Build | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was first published on Jan. 25, 2018. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did you know the great American architect Frank Lloyd Wright wanted to build a bridge across the San Francisco Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious question-asker Duncan Keefe of San Jose did. He studied architecture in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have been brilliant, and I think it would have been very influential — and possibly changed the course of how other bridges subsequent to it would have been designed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Lloyd Wright loved the San Francisco Bay Area. But you wouldn’t know it, because there just aren’t a lot of his buildings around here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven or eight, depending on how you count them, including the houses,” says \u003ca href=\"https://art.stanford.edu/people/paul-v-turner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Turner\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus in architectural history at Stanford. He’s the author of “Frank Lloyd Wright and San Francisco,” a book that’s as much about the projects that \u003ci>didn’t\u003c/i> get built as the ones that did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frank Lloyd Wright actually designed close to 30 projects for the Bay Area, and they include some of his most unusual and really amazing buildings,” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642709\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11642709 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-800x992.jpg\" alt=\"Master architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, looking over his drawing of the Butterfly Bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"992\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-800x992.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-160x198.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-1020x1265.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-1180x1463.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-960x1191.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-240x298.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-375x465.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-520x645.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Master architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, looking over his drawing of the ‘Butterfly Bridge’. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Gordon Peters/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why did Wright’s proposals fail to get the go-ahead? A lot of times he was just dreaming too big (read: expensive) for the client. But that didn’t stop him from dreaming big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For example, his first skyscraper was designed for Market Street in San Francisco,” Turner says. “If there were some project that he found interesting, he would do the design and just hope that it would get built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright never got the commission for a San Francisco skyscraper. Just as he never got a commission to design another Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was talk of a second span \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/thetake/article/Another-Bay-Bridge-70-years-of-absurd-crazy-and-12420536.php?t=8ed45000dc#photo-14668490\">almost as soon as the Bay Bridge was completed\u003c/a> in the 1930s. That’s right: Traffic was that bad, that early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1940s, Wright was competing for projects all across the country. Jaroslav Joseph Polivka, a San Francisco Bay Area engineer and fan of Wright’s, suggested he throw his hat in the ring for the proposed second Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642654\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11642654 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-800x337.jpg\" alt=\"Frank Lloyd Wright's proposed "Butterfly Bridge." It would have stretched between San Francisco and Oakland, somewhere south of the Bay Bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-800x337.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-160x67.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-1020x430.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-1920x810.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-1180x498.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-960x405.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-240x101.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-375x158.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-520x219.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frank Lloyd Wright’s proposed ‘Butterfly Bridge.’ It would have stretched between San Francisco and Oakland, somewhere south of the Bay Bridge. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That was in 1949, and Wright would spend the last decade of his life trying to win over decision-makers in California. Essentially, he fell in love with his own proposal, which he called the “Butterfly Bridge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The structure had the form of a thorax and wings of a butterfly in reinforced concrete. It’s a beautiful sculptural form when you look at the drawings that he did of it,” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butterfly Bridge would have started on the San Francisco end of the bridge, at the terminus of Army Street, now Cesar Chavez. Long, curved, concrete arms stretch across the water toward Oakland, carrying six lanes of traffic and two pedestrian walkways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The literal centerpiece of the bridge: a hanging garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People driving across the bridge could pull off into this landscape park and enjoy the views from high above over the bay. It’s kind of a crazy idea that traffic going across the bay could stop and there would be enough room for parking and everything, but that was the idea,” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpPZVKMODqs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea doesn’t sound too crazy to me. After all, the Golden Gate Bridge is a tourist destination as well as a throughput for traffic. The proposal for the Butterfly Bridge was received enthusiastically by the San Francisco press. But the state Assembly committee rejected the plan, influenced by consulting engineers dubious about the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The engineers in Sacramento were able to say, ‘Well, it’s just not worked out in enough detail. We don’t think it’s going to work. It’s too radical,’ ” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair to the pencil pushers in the state Capitol, Turner adds we have to imagine how things looked back in the mid-20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea was so unusual, was so radical, it was unlike any earlier bridge that had been designed,” he says. “And because Wright had not gotten a commission to do it, wasn’t being paid anything, they weren’t able to design the bridge in the kind of detail that would really be required, with all of the structural analysis and everything. That would have to come later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, they decided it wasn’t necessary, because a few years later people started talking about BART under the bay, and so that became the solution to this traffic problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright called that idea “suicidal,” which turns out to be an overstatement as the Transbay Tube is still going strong after nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Wright died, and with it, serious thoughts of doing something with his plans. Especially after the new, expanded San Mateo Bridge opened in 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11642655\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"The Bazett House in Hillsborough, drawing by Wright, 1939. This was one of the few Wright commissions that got built in the San Francisco Bay Area.\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-800x448.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-1020x571.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-1920x1075.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-1180x661.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-960x538.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-240x134.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-375x210.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-520x291.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bazett House in Hillsborough, drawing by Wright, 1939. This was one of the few Wright commissions that got built in the San Francisco Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People still talk of building another bridge to span the bay. Just a few years ago, Sen. Dianne Feinstein and East Bay Rep. Mark DeSaulnier \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/you-say-you-want-a-new-bridge-or-2nd-bart-tube-heres-how-you-might-pay-for-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called for another bay bridge\u003c/a>, a so-called Southern Crossing south of the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every now and then, people talk about an extra possible bridge and there’ll be stories in the newspapers. So it still captivates the imagination of the public because it is so beautiful,” Turner says, sighing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does Duncan Keefe of San Jose think? Should we resurrect Frank Lloyd Wright’s Butterfly Bridge?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As much as I would have liked to see this bridge have been built, it was for a different time. These days, if we’re going to make any investment, it ought to be in getting trains across the bay, not cars. We have enough cars already, and you know, throwing more cars across the bay is only going to make the traffic situation on the Peninsula and in San Francisco even worse,” Keefe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was first published on Jan. 25, 2018. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Did you know the great American architect Frank Lloyd Wright wanted to build a bridge across the San Francisco Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious question-asker Duncan Keefe of San Jose did. He studied architecture in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have been brilliant, and I think it would have been very influential — and possibly changed the course of how other bridges subsequent to it would have been designed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Lloyd Wright loved the San Francisco Bay Area. But you wouldn’t know it, because there just aren’t a lot of his buildings around here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seven or eight, depending on how you count them, including the houses,” says \u003ca href=\"https://art.stanford.edu/people/paul-v-turner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Turner\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus in architectural history at Stanford. He’s the author of “Frank Lloyd Wright and San Francisco,” a book that’s as much about the projects that \u003ci>didn’t\u003c/i> get built as the ones that did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frank Lloyd Wright actually designed close to 30 projects for the Bay Area, and they include some of his most unusual and really amazing buildings,” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642709\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11642709 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-800x992.jpg\" alt=\"Master architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, looking over his drawing of the Butterfly Bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"992\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-800x992.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-160x198.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-1020x1265.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-1180x1463.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-960x1191.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-240x298.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-375x465.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28908_wright-qut-520x645.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Master architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, looking over his drawing of the ‘Butterfly Bridge’. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Gordon Peters/San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Why did Wright’s proposals fail to get the go-ahead? A lot of times he was just dreaming too big (read: expensive) for the client. But that didn’t stop him from dreaming big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For example, his first skyscraper was designed for Market Street in San Francisco,” Turner says. “If there were some project that he found interesting, he would do the design and just hope that it would get built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright never got the commission for a San Francisco skyscraper. Just as he never got a commission to design another Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was talk of a second span \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/thetake/article/Another-Bay-Bridge-70-years-of-absurd-crazy-and-12420536.php?t=8ed45000dc#photo-14668490\">almost as soon as the Bay Bridge was completed\u003c/a> in the 1930s. That’s right: Traffic was that bad, that early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late 1940s, Wright was competing for projects all across the country. Jaroslav Joseph Polivka, a San Francisco Bay Area engineer and fan of Wright’s, suggested he throw his hat in the ring for the proposed second Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642654\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11642654 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-800x337.jpg\" alt=\"Frank Lloyd Wright's proposed "Butterfly Bridge." It would have stretched between San Francisco and Oakland, somewhere south of the Bay Bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-800x337.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-160x67.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-1020x430.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-1920x810.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-1180x498.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-960x405.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-240x101.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-375x158.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Butterfly20Bridge20drawing-520x219.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frank Lloyd Wright’s proposed ‘Butterfly Bridge.’ It would have stretched between San Francisco and Oakland, somewhere south of the Bay Bridge. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That was in 1949, and Wright would spend the last decade of his life trying to win over decision-makers in California. Essentially, he fell in love with his own proposal, which he called the “Butterfly Bridge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The structure had the form of a thorax and wings of a butterfly in reinforced concrete. It’s a beautiful sculptural form when you look at the drawings that he did of it,” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Butterfly Bridge would have started on the San Francisco end of the bridge, at the terminus of Army Street, now Cesar Chavez. Long, curved, concrete arms stretch across the water toward Oakland, carrying six lanes of traffic and two pedestrian walkways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The literal centerpiece of the bridge: a hanging garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People driving across the bridge could pull off into this landscape park and enjoy the views from high above over the bay. It’s kind of a crazy idea that traffic going across the bay could stop and there would be enough room for parking and everything, but that was the idea,” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZpPZVKMODqs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZpPZVKMODqs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea doesn’t sound too crazy to me. After all, the Golden Gate Bridge is a tourist destination as well as a throughput for traffic. The proposal for the Butterfly Bridge was received enthusiastically by the San Francisco press. But the state Assembly committee rejected the plan, influenced by consulting engineers dubious about the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The engineers in Sacramento were able to say, ‘Well, it’s just not worked out in enough detail. We don’t think it’s going to work. It’s too radical,’ ” Turner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be fair to the pencil pushers in the state Capitol, Turner adds we have to imagine how things looked back in the mid-20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea was so unusual, was so radical, it was unlike any earlier bridge that had been designed,” he says. “And because Wright had not gotten a commission to do it, wasn’t being paid anything, they weren’t able to design the bridge in the kind of detail that would really be required, with all of the structural analysis and everything. That would have to come later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, they decided it wasn’t necessary, because a few years later people started talking about BART under the bay, and so that became the solution to this traffic problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright called that idea “suicidal,” which turns out to be an overstatement as the Transbay Tube is still going strong after nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Wright died, and with it, serious thoughts of doing something with his plans. Especially after the new, expanded San Mateo Bridge opened in 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11642655\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"The Bazett House in Hillsborough, drawing by Wright, 1939. This was one of the few Wright commissions that got built in the San Francisco Bay Area.\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-800x448.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-1020x571.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-1920x1075.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-1180x661.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-960x538.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-240x134.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-375x210.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Bazett-FLW20drwg2c20red27d-520x291.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bazett House in Hillsborough, drawing by Wright, 1939. This was one of the few Wright commissions that got built in the San Francisco Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People still talk of building another bridge to span the bay. Just a few years ago, Sen. Dianne Feinstein and East Bay Rep. Mark DeSaulnier \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/you-say-you-want-a-new-bridge-or-2nd-bart-tube-heres-how-you-might-pay-for-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called for another bay bridge\u003c/a>, a so-called Southern Crossing south of the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every now and then, people talk about an extra possible bridge and there’ll be stories in the newspapers. So it still captivates the imagination of the public because it is so beautiful,” Turner says, sighing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does Duncan Keefe of San Jose think? Should we resurrect Frank Lloyd Wright’s Butterfly Bridge?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As much as I would have liked to see this bridge have been built, it was for a different time. These days, if we’re going to make any investment, it ought to be in getting trains across the bay, not cars. We have enough cars already, and you know, throwing more cars across the bay is only going to make the traffic situation on the Peninsula and in San Francisco even worse,” Keefe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "wait-there-was-a-volcano-in-the-east-bay-hills",
"title": "Wait, There Was A Volcano in the East Bay Hills?",
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"headTitle": "Wait, There Was A Volcano in the East Bay Hills? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bourke MacDonald has spent much of the last year exploring local parks. During the coronavirus pandemic, when outdoor activities were some of the only outlets for fun, Bourke and his fiancée did a lot of hiking. And that’s how Bourke discovered \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley/\">Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘Volcanic!? What do you mean? I gotta check this out. There’s a volcano?'” Bourke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after investigating the \u003ca href=\"https://ebrpd.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=0fb2f053dc1e4dfea896085e798821c6\">self-guided tour\u003c/a> offered by the park, Bourke wanted to know more about how a volcano in the East Bay hills came to be and why it went extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a beautiful, clear day I met up with Bourke and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/activities/naturalists/crabcove.htm\">Michael Charnofsky\u003c/a>, a naturalist with the East Bay Regional Park District. We set off on a hike up the mountain to discover the history and geology of this volcanic relic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876406\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael.jpg\" alt=\"Bourke MacDonald and Michael Charnofsky at Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-1536x1536.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bourke MacDonald and Michael Charnofsky at Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After several miles, we reached a spot in the trail with a steep drop off into a crater. I thought we were looking into the pit of the volcano, but Michael told me this is not the volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come here and say, ‘there’s a big deep pit, that was a caldera,'” Michael said. “No. That was a mountain that was taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained that the pit is actually a quarry, where mining companies removed rock to build Bay Area roads and other infrastructure. Behind us stands Roundtop Mountain, which also looks like a volcano, but isn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roundtop is being eroded away more slowly than the other mountains and that’s why it looks kind of like it stands on its own,” Michael explained. “And that’s why people think it is the volcano.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Panoramic of the quarry pit at Sibley.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-800x141.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-1020x180.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-160x28.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-1536x271.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-2048x361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-1920x339.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panoramic view lookiing out over the quarry pit at Sibley. From here, you are standing in what have been the middle of the volcano 10 million years ago! \u003ccite>(Bourke MacDonald)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s hard for me to wrap my head around the fact that the volcano we are investigating is so old that the only visible remnants of it are some very cool rocks scattered about the park. In fact, when we’re standing at the overlook of the quarry, with Roundtop at our backs, Michael says we’re standing at what would have been the middle of the volcano 10 million years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The geology here is fascinating and explains a lot about our Bay Area landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s something called the Mendocino Triple Junction,” explained \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsu.edu/geology/people/faculty/blisniuk/\">Dr. Kimberly Blisniuk\u003c/a>, a geology professor at San Jose State University. Scientists call it that because currently the triple junction is off the coast of Mendocino, but 10 million years ago, that junction used to be down in the area where Sibley is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the name suggests, the \u003ca href=\"https://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2008/10/27/where-the-san-andreas-fault-ends.html\">Mendocino Triple Junction\u003c/a> is a place where three tectonic plate boundaries come together. The three plates are colliding, sliding past one another and overlapping. The place where they meet is like a T-junction and there’s a little hole that allows magma under the earth to bubble up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876409\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 511px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876409\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Plateboundary-figure.png\" alt=\"Figure showing how the three plates that make upt he Mendocino Triple Junction come together.\" width=\"511\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Plateboundary-figure.png 511w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Plateboundary-figure-160x185.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The North American, Pacific, and Gorda-Juan De Fuca Plates come together at the Mendocino Triple Junction. The arrows show which direction the plates are moving. The junction is now near Mendocino, but millions of years ago it was down in the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Kimberly Blisniuk (SJSU) and Katherine Guns (UCSD))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s called a slab window,” Blisniuk said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s this slab window where magma burst up through the Earth’s crust and formed a volcano in what are now the East Bay hills, above Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it gets crazier. Over millions of years, after lots of earthquakes, moving tectonic plates and shifting pressure, the land began to fold, turning the volcano onto its side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to think about it is if you take pages of a book and you squeeze them together,” Blisniuk said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11876412 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1020x1165.png\" alt=\"A figure showing the major plate boundaries in the Bay Area.\" width=\"640\" height=\"731\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1020x1165.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-800x914.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-160x183.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1345x1536.png 1345w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1793x2048.png 1793w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1920x2193.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A figure showing the major faults in the Bay Area. The faults divide the crust into blocks. Each block moves at a different rate, something \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/05/17/new-san-andreas-fault-research-might-change-how-damage-shakes-out/\">geologists study to determine fault risk.\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Kimberly Blisniuk (SJSU) and Katherine Guns (UCSD))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine a paperback book. Put one hand on the spine of the book and the other hand on the opposite pages. Now squeeze. As your hands apply pressure, one side of the once-flat book will arc up, while the other side will dip down. It looks a little like a sin wave. In this analogy, the book is the land, and the pressure comes from faults under the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get something called compressional deformation,” Blisniuk said. “We squeeze the earth because there’s a lot of stress that’s being transferred from, say, the Calaveras to the Hayward Fault as these \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpIbbul0eQ0<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpIbbul0eQ0\">faults are evolving and producing earthquakes\u003c/a>. When you squeeze the land between these faults, they start to fold and tilt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation.jpg\" alt=\"Katrina records Michael as he explains specific volcanic features of rocks in the park.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Schwartz records Michael Charnofsky as he explains specific volcanic features of rocks in the park. \u003ccite>(Bourke MacDonald)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pressure pushed some portions of land up and others settled down. In the process, the volcano folded over. And to make it even harder to imagine what the volcano would have looked like, millions of years have eroded much of the rock away, altering the landscape from what it would have looked like when the volcano was active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have heard this is the best example of the inside of a volcano anywhere in California,” Michael said, because of the quarrying that was done here. Miners dug into the mountain, which was really the side of the old volcano, allowing scientists an unusually good view of the geological history. “People who love volcanoes love to come study this one,” Michael said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it’s difficult to conceptualize the volcano and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-03-24/los-angeles-biggest-earthquake-threat-san-andreas-big-one\">changes that earthquakes and time have wrought\u003c/a>, Sibley has a special feel to it. And in addition to the beauty of green hills, bay views, wildflowers, birds and cool rocks, there’s one other unique feature here: A labyrinth at the bottom of the quarry pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth.jpg\" alt=\"A labyrinth made of grass and stones sits at the bottom of a quarry in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A labyrinth made of grass and stones sits at the bottom of a quarry in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve. \u003ccite>(PunkToad/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/punktoad/6633820003/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a beautiful round spot already,” said Helena Mazzariello, the woman who built the labyrinth over 30 years ago. “It already felt sacred. It already felt so good there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helena is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.spiritinjoy.com\">shamanic practitioner\u003c/a> and used to live near Sibley. She would often hike there with her pet goat. Together they’d wander down to the bottom of the quarry. One day she decided to build a labyrinth out of mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A labyrinth is one of the oldest contemplative transformational tools that mankind used for centuries,” she explained. It’s not the same as a maze — that’s something you get lost in. A labyrinth is a type of walking meditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a labyrinth; it is unicursal,” she said, “so there’s one way in and one way out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helena didn’t expect the labyrinth to last. In fact, when the rains came that year, she headed over to Sibley to see what had happened to her creation. When she got there, she found other visitors had laid rocks on the mud lines she’d drawn, keeping the labyrinth’s shape. Over the next three decades, Helena and other \u003ca href=\"http://mazzariellolabyrinth.orgfree.com/\">Friends of the Labyrinth\u003c/a>, have worked to maintain the pattern. It has become one of the most famous labyrinths in the Bay Area, with Helena’s name appearing on some maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Regional Park District doesn’t condone rogue labyrinth builders, but this one has been there so long, and is tended with such care, that they look the other way. It even brings visitors to the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876400\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset.jpg\" alt=\"View of the sun setting over the bay from Sibley's hilltops.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the sun setting over the bay from Sibley’s hilltops. \u003ccite>(Bourke MacDonald)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the sun started to set, turning the distant bay a glassy blue-gray, Bourke, Michael and I headed down the mountain. It would be easy to hike in this park oblivious to its volcanic history. In many ways its wide trails, rolling green hills, and epic views look like other parks that dot the East Bay hills. But when you hike in Sibley, remember — you’re in the middle of a volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Michael likes to say, “It’s all over the place and it’s almost nowhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore a lot more about the geology of various parts of Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/17427/web-extra-sibley-volcanic-regional-preserve\">video tour\u003c/a> with Steve Edwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Learn about the history of our very own Bay Area volcano: The remnants of it are in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve in the East Bay hills.",
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"title": "Wait, There Was A Volcano in the East Bay Hills? | KQED",
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"subhead": "The history of the Bay Area's very own volcano.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bourke MacDonald has spent much of the last year exploring local parks. During the coronavirus pandemic, when outdoor activities were some of the only outlets for fun, Bourke and his fiancée did a lot of hiking. And that’s how Bourke discovered \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley/\">Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘Volcanic!? What do you mean? I gotta check this out. There’s a volcano?'” Bourke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after investigating the \u003ca href=\"https://ebrpd.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=0fb2f053dc1e4dfea896085e798821c6\">self-guided tour\u003c/a> offered by the park, Bourke wanted to know more about how a volcano in the East Bay hills came to be and why it went extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a beautiful, clear day I met up with Bourke and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/activities/naturalists/crabcove.htm\">Michael Charnofsky\u003c/a>, a naturalist with the East Bay Regional Park District. We set off on a hike up the mountain to discover the history and geology of this volcanic relic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876406\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael.jpg\" alt=\"Bourke MacDonald and Michael Charnofsky at Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-Bourke-Michael-1536x1536.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bourke MacDonald and Michael Charnofsky at Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After several miles, we reached a spot in the trail with a steep drop off into a crater. I thought we were looking into the pit of the volcano, but Michael told me this is not the volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People come here and say, ‘there’s a big deep pit, that was a caldera,'” Michael said. “No. That was a mountain that was taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained that the pit is actually a quarry, where mining companies removed rock to build Bay Area roads and other infrastructure. Behind us stands Roundtop Mountain, which also looks like a volcano, but isn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roundtop is being eroded away more slowly than the other mountains and that’s why it looks kind of like it stands on its own,” Michael explained. “And that’s why people think it is the volcano.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876397\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Panoramic of the quarry pit at Sibley.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-800x141.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-1020x180.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-160x28.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-1536x271.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-2048x361.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-pano-1920x339.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panoramic view lookiing out over the quarry pit at Sibley. From here, you are standing in what have been the middle of the volcano 10 million years ago! \u003ccite>(Bourke MacDonald)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s hard for me to wrap my head around the fact that the volcano we are investigating is so old that the only visible remnants of it are some very cool rocks scattered about the park. In fact, when we’re standing at the overlook of the quarry, with Roundtop at our backs, Michael says we’re standing at what would have been the middle of the volcano 10 million years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The geology here is fascinating and explains a lot about our Bay Area landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s something called the Mendocino Triple Junction,” explained \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsu.edu/geology/people/faculty/blisniuk/\">Dr. Kimberly Blisniuk\u003c/a>, a geology professor at San Jose State University. Scientists call it that because currently the triple junction is off the coast of Mendocino, but 10 million years ago, that junction used to be down in the area where Sibley is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the name suggests, the \u003ca href=\"https://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2008/10/27/where-the-san-andreas-fault-ends.html\">Mendocino Triple Junction\u003c/a> is a place where three tectonic plate boundaries come together. The three plates are colliding, sliding past one another and overlapping. The place where they meet is like a T-junction and there’s a little hole that allows magma under the earth to bubble up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876409\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 511px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876409\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Plateboundary-figure.png\" alt=\"Figure showing how the three plates that make upt he Mendocino Triple Junction come together.\" width=\"511\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Plateboundary-figure.png 511w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Plateboundary-figure-160x185.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The North American, Pacific, and Gorda-Juan De Fuca Plates come together at the Mendocino Triple Junction. The arrows show which direction the plates are moving. The junction is now near Mendocino, but millions of years ago it was down in the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Kimberly Blisniuk (SJSU) and Katherine Guns (UCSD))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s called a slab window,” Blisniuk said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s this slab window where magma burst up through the Earth’s crust and formed a volcano in what are now the East Bay hills, above Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it gets crazier. Over millions of years, after lots of earthquakes, moving tectonic plates and shifting pressure, the land began to fold, turning the volcano onto its side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to think about it is if you take pages of a book and you squeeze them together,” Blisniuk said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11876412 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1020x1165.png\" alt=\"A figure showing the major plate boundaries in the Bay Area.\" width=\"640\" height=\"731\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1020x1165.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-800x914.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-160x183.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1345x1536.png 1345w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1793x2048.png 1793w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/NSAFCrustalblocks-1920x2193.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A figure showing the major faults in the Bay Area. The faults divide the crust into blocks. Each block moves at a different rate, something \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/05/17/new-san-andreas-fault-research-might-change-how-damage-shakes-out/\">geologists study to determine fault risk.\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Kimberly Blisniuk (SJSU) and Katherine Guns (UCSD))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Imagine a paperback book. Put one hand on the spine of the book and the other hand on the opposite pages. Now squeeze. As your hands apply pressure, one side of the once-flat book will arc up, while the other side will dip down. It looks a little like a sin wave. In this analogy, the book is the land, and the pressure comes from faults under the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get something called compressional deformation,” Blisniuk said. “We squeeze the earth because there’s a lot of stress that’s being transferred from, say, the Calaveras to the Hayward Fault as these \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpIbbul0eQ0<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpIbbul0eQ0\">faults are evolving and producing earthquakes\u003c/a>. When you squeeze the land between these faults, they start to fold and tilt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation.jpg\" alt=\"Katrina records Michael as he explains specific volcanic features of rocks in the park.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/sibley-rock-explanation-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katrina Schwartz records Michael Charnofsky as he explains specific volcanic features of rocks in the park. \u003ccite>(Bourke MacDonald)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pressure pushed some portions of land up and others settled down. In the process, the volcano folded over. And to make it even harder to imagine what the volcano would have looked like, millions of years have eroded much of the rock away, altering the landscape from what it would have looked like when the volcano was active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have heard this is the best example of the inside of a volcano anywhere in California,” Michael said, because of the quarrying that was done here. Miners dug into the mountain, which was really the side of the old volcano, allowing scientists an unusually good view of the geological history. “People who love volcanoes love to come study this one,” Michael said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though it’s difficult to conceptualize the volcano and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-03-24/los-angeles-biggest-earthquake-threat-san-andreas-big-one\">changes that earthquakes and time have wrought\u003c/a>, Sibley has a special feel to it. And in addition to the beauty of green hills, bay views, wildflowers, birds and cool rocks, there’s one other unique feature here: A labyrinth at the bottom of the quarry pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth.jpg\" alt=\"A labyrinth made of grass and stones sits at the bottom of a quarry in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-labyrinth-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A labyrinth made of grass and stones sits at the bottom of a quarry in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve. \u003ccite>(PunkToad/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/punktoad/6633820003/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It was a beautiful round spot already,” said Helena Mazzariello, the woman who built the labyrinth over 30 years ago. “It already felt sacred. It already felt so good there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helena is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.spiritinjoy.com\">shamanic practitioner\u003c/a> and used to live near Sibley. She would often hike there with her pet goat. Together they’d wander down to the bottom of the quarry. One day she decided to build a labyrinth out of mud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A labyrinth is one of the oldest contemplative transformational tools that mankind used for centuries,” she explained. It’s not the same as a maze — that’s something you get lost in. A labyrinth is a type of walking meditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a labyrinth; it is unicursal,” she said, “so there’s one way in and one way out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helena didn’t expect the labyrinth to last. In fact, when the rains came that year, she headed over to Sibley to see what had happened to her creation. When she got there, she found other visitors had laid rocks on the mud lines she’d drawn, keeping the labyrinth’s shape. Over the next three decades, Helena and other \u003ca href=\"http://mazzariellolabyrinth.orgfree.com/\">Friends of the Labyrinth\u003c/a>, have worked to maintain the pattern. It has become one of the most famous labyrinths in the Bay Area, with Helena’s name appearing on some maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Regional Park District doesn’t condone rogue labyrinth builders, but this one has been there so long, and is tended with such care, that they look the other way. It even brings visitors to the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11876400\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11876400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset.jpg\" alt=\"View of the sun setting over the bay from Sibley's hilltops.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Sibley-sunset-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the sun setting over the bay from Sibley’s hilltops. \u003ccite>(Bourke MacDonald)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the sun started to set, turning the distant bay a glassy blue-gray, Bourke, Michael and I headed down the mountain. It would be easy to hike in this park oblivious to its volcanic history. In many ways its wide trails, rolling green hills, and epic views look like other parks that dot the East Bay hills. But when you hike in Sibley, remember — you’re in the middle of a volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Michael likes to say, “It’s all over the place and it’s almost nowhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Explore a lot more about the geology of various parts of Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/17427/web-extra-sibley-volcanic-regional-preserve\">video tour\u003c/a> with Steve Edwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A first-in-the-country state task force to study reparations for Black Californians launched its inaugural meeting Tuesday. The task force is charged with outlining slavery’s modern-day impacts on Black people, eliminating discriminatory laws and crafting a state apology for past wrongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never has any state government in 400 years of American history embarked on such an expansive effort of truth and reconciliation around the institution of slavery and its present-day effects,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said in his opening remarks. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Shirley Weber, California secretary of state\"]‘We cannot separate the things that people are crying for in the streets in terms of justice, and what has happened in the past. Your task is to determine the depth of the harm and the ways in which we are to repair that harm.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight of the nine task force members are Black and one is Japanese American. The members, appointed by Gov. Gavin Newsom and leaders of the Legislature, include the descendants of slaves who are now lawyers, academics and politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m so thankful to my ancestors who survived so much trauma so that I could thrive,” said Los Angeles trial attorney Lisa Holder, one of the members. “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors, and I am ready to deliver them justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holder has spent 20 years as a civil rights litigator focusing on police misconduct and has also worked on workplace discrimination cases, as well as education equity and efforts to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There can be no reconciliation on race in America without truth, there can be no peace with respect to race in America without justice, and reparations is a critical pathway to authentic reconciliation and lasting peace,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force has the power to hold hearings and request witness testimony to help the group develop suggestions for correcting past wrongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Shirley Weber, who as a state assemblymember authored the legislation creating the task force, noted the solemnity of the occasion as well as the opportunity to right historic wrongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot separate the things that people are crying for in the streets in terms of justice, and what has happened in the past,” Weber said. “Your task is to determine the depth of the harm and the ways in which we are to repair that harm.” [aside postID=news_11840465]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have said that California did not have slaves and should not have to study reparations. But Weber said the state is an economic powerhouse that can point the way for a federal government that has been unable to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force will craft an apology and identify policies that contribute to ongoing racial disparities in education, the criminal justice system, generational wealth and other areas. Black people make up just 6% of California’s population yet constitute an overwhelming percentage of people in prison, the economically marginalized and those who are unhoused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lost more than we have ever taken from this country. We have given more than has ever been given to us,” said state Sen. Steven Bradford, D-Gardena, who is on the committee.[aside tag=\"reparations, racism\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Rob Bonta said at the beginning of the day’s meeting, “Although the horrors of slavery may have begun in the past, its harms are felt every single day by Black Americans in the present.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta also brought up California as a leader in the nation, but said the state has still moved too slowly on issues of race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California continues to lead the nation. But as a nation, we have moved far too slowly,” Bonta said, pointing out how the first convening comes just after the 100th anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1001433852/the-tulsa-race-massacre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tulsa Race Massacre\u003c/a>, an event that he said was hidden from our collective consciousness by “our inability to confront the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As established in the bill, the task force will have 10 meetings in the next two years and each one will be dedicated to a different subtopic. The next meeting will take place in August 2021 and will focus on the roots of systemic racism, institution of slavery, political participation and racial terror. The third meeting is planned for October and will tackle government segregation in housing, education and environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force sunsets July 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have said that California did not have slaves and should not have to study reparations. But Weber said the state is an economic powerhouse that can point the way for a federal government that has been unable to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force will craft an apology and identify policies that contribute to ongoing racial disparities in education, the criminal justice system, generational wealth and other areas. Black people make up just 6% of California’s population yet constitute an overwhelming percentage of people in prison, the economically marginalized and those who are unhoused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lost more than we have ever taken from this country. We have given more than has ever been given to us,” said state Sen. Steven Bradford, D-Gardena, who is on the committee.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Rob Bonta said at the beginning of the day’s meeting, “Although the horrors of slavery may have begun in the past, its harms are felt every single day by Black Americans in the present.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta also brought up California as a leader in the nation, but said the state has still moved too slowly on issues of race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California continues to lead the nation. But as a nation, we have moved far too slowly,” Bonta said, pointing out how the first convening comes just after the 100th anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1001433852/the-tulsa-race-massacre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tulsa Race Massacre\u003c/a>, an event that he said was hidden from our collective consciousness by “our inability to confront the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As established in the bill, the task force will have 10 meetings in the next two years and each one will be dedicated to a different subtopic. The next meeting will take place in August 2021 and will focus on the roots of systemic racism, institution of slavery, political participation and racial terror. The third meeting is planned for October and will tackle government segregation in housing, education and environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force sunsets July 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution",
"title": "Air Regulators Weigh Plan Aimed at Dramatically Cutting Bay Area Refinery Pollution",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are considering requiring the oil industry to significantly reduce the amount of pollution local refineries spew into the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District plans to vote Wednesday on a proposal that could force two of California’s largest refineries — Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the PBF Energy refinery in Martinez — to install air pollution devices at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposed rule change, including environmentalists and health and air quality experts, say the change is needed to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Teresa Muñoz, obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond\"]‘I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission.’[/pullquote]Advocates argue the board should approve the change, if for no other reason than to honor the agency’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district/mission-statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated mission\u003c/a> of protecting and improving public health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,” said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference last Wednesday held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. “Please keep your word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil industry representatives, led by Chevron and PBF Energy, are urging the agency to reject the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. Attorneys for Chevron say the data the air district staff used in creating the potential change is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In short, this rulemaking has been procedurally defective, technically inaccurate, and the potential benefits of the proposed amendments are overstated,” Michael Carroll, a partner at Latham & Watkins, wrote on behalf of Chevron in an April 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cracking Units\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At issue are key refinery components called fluidized catalytic cracking units. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says that procedure, part of normal daily operations at many large refineries, emits more \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particulate matter\u003c/a> than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant’s total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Proposal: Bring on the Scrubbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The proposal before the 24-member air district board would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regulation 6 Rule 5\u003c/a>, limiting the amount of particulate matter, ammonia and sulfur dioxide the cracking units emit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says the change could cut annual Chevron and PBF emissions of PM10 particulates by an estimated 400 tons — or 72% — from the recently reported level of 554 tons a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal is not expected to affect Phillips 66 in Rodeo, which does not have a fluid catalytic cracking unit, or Marathon in Martinez, which is currently idled. Both refineries are being converted to produce renewable diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the rule would go into effect in five years, requiring Chevron and PBF to buy and install a system called a wet gas scrubber, a unit that Valero’s Benicia refinery already has. The scrubbers capture and remove pollutants by sending exhaust gas through sprays of scrubbing liquid. The district says the scrubbers can significantly reduce the particulate matter released into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Dirty Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter is essentially what some experts call “dirty air,” which contains things like soot, dust and dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents have become more familiar with the air quality concerns associated with particulate matter as a result of massive wildfires in recent years that have fouled the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compelling evidence also indicates that fine particulate matter is the most significant air pollution health hazard in the Bay Area,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/documents/20210330_sr_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district staff wrote\u003c/a> in the agency’s report on the proposal. “Reducing particulate matter emissions can reduce mortality and increase average life span.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"oil-refineries\"]Fine inhalable particulate matter with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers or smaller — known as PM2.5 — can exacerbate conditions for people who have preexisting heart and lung conditions, including children with asthma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has linked exposure to particulate matter to cardiovascular disease, changes in cognitive function, low birth weight and preterm births, among other health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color,” said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF, who sits on the California Air Resources Board. “Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change before the board also includes a limit on the total amount of PM10 an oil refinery releases, although most of those emissions are understood to be within the PM2.5 size range, an air district representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refineries that surround us in the Bay Area are the largest source of industrial air pollution [in the region], which is dangerous to health” said Dr. Amanda Millstein, a pediatrician in Richmond and co-founder of Climate Health Now, a group of California health professionals pushing to transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to protect health over the financial interests of the fossil fuel industry,” she said. “The air district board needs to fulfill its mission to provide a healthy breathing environment to every Bay Area resident and require the best available retrofit technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PBF says a wet gas scrubber would cost too much and that its Martinez refinery doesn’t have enough space for such a unit. The New Jersey-based company says the scrubber would require considerable amounts of fresh water, electricity and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, according to air district staff, refineries that use wet gas scrubbers use between 120,000 and 430,000 gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal “will force us to shut down the Martinez refinery,” Paul Davis, PBF’s western region president, wrote in an April 29 letter to the district. He added that the refinery can work to reduce its particulate matter releases but not by as much as air district staff are recommending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"John Balmes, UCSF professor of medicine and California Air Resources Board member\"]‘Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color. Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.’[/pullquote]Chevron says it has been steadily reducing its emissions. The San Ramon-based oil giant says its Richmond modernization project, which involved bringing in a new hydrogen plant along with other developments, has brought about a larger reduction in particulate emissions than the district’s proposed change would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron said in a series of letters to the the agency that the district’s research on the proposal was riddled with errors and had not taken into account recent refinery improvements. It also said the district had underestimated the cost of installing and operating a wet gas scrubber and overestimated the projected emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the capital costs will indeed be exorbitant, the public health benefits will be negligible,” Carroll, of Latham & Watkins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> on behalf of Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]Refinery industry executives and some labor leaders say the rule change could also reduce high-quality blue-collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local environmentalists argue the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good for public health and good for the economy,” said Dan Sakaguchi, a researcher for Communities for a Better Environment, a Richmond-based group that has long called for stronger refinery regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would result in significant economic benefits, including creating thousands of community-supporting jobs, through the installation of new technology to reduce pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_060221_rv-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meeting\u003c/a> will be held on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. The public can read the agency’s presentation \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_presentations_060221_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and watch the hearing live \u003ca href=\"https://bayareametro.zoom.us/j/82294699509#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Supporters of the proposed change say the rule would cut particulate emissions from two East Bay refineries by more than 70%.",
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"title": "Air Regulators Weigh Plan Aimed at Dramatically Cutting Bay Area Refinery Pollution | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are considering requiring the oil industry to significantly reduce the amount of pollution local refineries spew into the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District plans to vote Wednesday on a proposal that could force two of California’s largest refineries — Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the PBF Energy refinery in Martinez — to install air pollution devices at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposed rule change, including environmentalists and health and air quality experts, say the change is needed to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Advocates argue the board should approve the change, if for no other reason than to honor the agency’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district/mission-statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated mission\u003c/a> of protecting and improving public health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,” said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference last Wednesday held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. “Please keep your word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil industry representatives, led by Chevron and PBF Energy, are urging the agency to reject the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. Attorneys for Chevron say the data the air district staff used in creating the potential change is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In short, this rulemaking has been procedurally defective, technically inaccurate, and the potential benefits of the proposed amendments are overstated,” Michael Carroll, a partner at Latham & Watkins, wrote on behalf of Chevron in an April 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cracking Units\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At issue are key refinery components called fluidized catalytic cracking units. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says that procedure, part of normal daily operations at many large refineries, emits more \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particulate matter\u003c/a> than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant’s total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Proposal: Bring on the Scrubbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The proposal before the 24-member air district board would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regulation 6 Rule 5\u003c/a>, limiting the amount of particulate matter, ammonia and sulfur dioxide the cracking units emit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says the change could cut annual Chevron and PBF emissions of PM10 particulates by an estimated 400 tons — or 72% — from the recently reported level of 554 tons a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal is not expected to affect Phillips 66 in Rodeo, which does not have a fluid catalytic cracking unit, or Marathon in Martinez, which is currently idled. Both refineries are being converted to produce renewable diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the rule would go into effect in five years, requiring Chevron and PBF to buy and install a system called a wet gas scrubber, a unit that Valero’s Benicia refinery already has. The scrubbers capture and remove pollutants by sending exhaust gas through sprays of scrubbing liquid. The district says the scrubbers can significantly reduce the particulate matter released into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Dirty Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter is essentially what some experts call “dirty air,” which contains things like soot, dust and dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents have become more familiar with the air quality concerns associated with particulate matter as a result of massive wildfires in recent years that have fouled the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compelling evidence also indicates that fine particulate matter is the most significant air pollution health hazard in the Bay Area,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/documents/20210330_sr_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district staff wrote\u003c/a> in the agency’s report on the proposal. “Reducing particulate matter emissions can reduce mortality and increase average life span.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fine inhalable particulate matter with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers or smaller — known as PM2.5 — can exacerbate conditions for people who have preexisting heart and lung conditions, including children with asthma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has linked exposure to particulate matter to cardiovascular disease, changes in cognitive function, low birth weight and preterm births, among other health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color,” said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF, who sits on the California Air Resources Board. “Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change before the board also includes a limit on the total amount of PM10 an oil refinery releases, although most of those emissions are understood to be within the PM2.5 size range, an air district representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refineries that surround us in the Bay Area are the largest source of industrial air pollution [in the region], which is dangerous to health” said Dr. Amanda Millstein, a pediatrician in Richmond and co-founder of Climate Health Now, a group of California health professionals pushing to transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to protect health over the financial interests of the fossil fuel industry,” she said. “The air district board needs to fulfill its mission to provide a healthy breathing environment to every Bay Area resident and require the best available retrofit technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PBF says a wet gas scrubber would cost too much and that its Martinez refinery doesn’t have enough space for such a unit. The New Jersey-based company says the scrubber would require considerable amounts of fresh water, electricity and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, according to air district staff, refineries that use wet gas scrubbers use between 120,000 and 430,000 gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal “will force us to shut down the Martinez refinery,” Paul Davis, PBF’s western region president, wrote in an April 29 letter to the district. He added that the refinery can work to reduce its particulate matter releases but not by as much as air district staff are recommending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chevron says it has been steadily reducing its emissions. The San Ramon-based oil giant says its Richmond modernization project, which involved bringing in a new hydrogen plant along with other developments, has brought about a larger reduction in particulate emissions than the district’s proposed change would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron said in a series of letters to the the agency that the district’s research on the proposal was riddled with errors and had not taken into account recent refinery improvements. It also said the district had underestimated the cost of installing and operating a wet gas scrubber and overestimated the projected emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the capital costs will indeed be exorbitant, the public health benefits will be negligible,” Carroll, of Latham & Watkins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> on behalf of Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Refinery industry executives and some labor leaders say the rule change could also reduce high-quality blue-collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local environmentalists argue the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good for public health and good for the economy,” said Dan Sakaguchi, a researcher for Communities for a Better Environment, a Richmond-based group that has long called for stronger refinery regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would result in significant economic benefits, including creating thousands of community-supporting jobs, through the installation of new technology to reduce pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_060221_rv-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meeting\u003c/a> will be held on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. The public can read the agency’s presentation \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_presentations_060221_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and watch the hearing live \u003ca href=\"https://bayareametro.zoom.us/j/82294699509#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How San Francisco's Student Delegates Redefined What Youth Leadership Looks Like",
"title": "How San Francisco's Student Delegates Redefined What Youth Leadership Looks Like",
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"content": "\u003cp>It has been a turbulent year for the San Francisco school board in ways that its two student delegates could never have foreseen. As both delegates graduate this week, they leave behind a legacy of activism their peers say sets the bar for what it means to be a student leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shavonne Hines-Foster, a Lowell High School senior, fought fiercely for Black students and called on administrators to do a better job confronting racism.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Shavonne Hines-Foster, Lowell senior and San Francisco school board delegate\"]'No one who looked like me had been on the seat in the past few years. People put faith in me to lead with strength and compassion.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her colleague, Kathya Correa Almanza, is graduating from June Jordan School for Equity. As a student delegate she advocated for transformational education for all students with poise and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That representation has been particularly important during a year when most students have been away from their schools and more isolated. Both students also had to learn how to navigate their roles amid adult debates over the reopening of schools, offensive tweets and lawsuits, said Correa Almanza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I expected education to be this place where everyone agrees on what is right because it's for the students,\" Correa Almanza said. \"San Francisco is divided in so many ways, you know, we have different neighborhoods, we have different incomes. But to see how [that] played out was something that surprised me a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Students Advocating for Their Communities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Correa Almanza's experience prepared her for this role. She was a high school debater, and over time, began using the power of her words for more than winning debate rounds. Her peers saw her as a leader, and pushed her to run for their student delegate. But she was nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a role where people wouldn't expect to see a young Latina from a low-income household [and] single mother,\" Correa Almanza said. \"People would not expect someone that identifies like me to be in this role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She reached out to San Francisco Board of Education President Gabriela López, the youngest woman ever elected to office in San Francisco, to talk about how she was feeling. After that conversation, and winning the election, Correa Almanza remained unfazed even when hundreds of people often tuned in over Zoom for board meetings. She says she understood what she had to do to be a strong leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hines-Foster decided to run, she was thinking about her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859101\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Lowell Black Student Union co-president Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lowell Black Student Union co-President Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"No one who looked like me had been on the seat in the past few years,\" Hines-Foster said. \"People put faith in me to lead with strength and compassion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers how in elementary school her teacher didn’t have anything planned for Black History Month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So she actually told my mom, 'You can do it yourself.' So my mom had to give her own Black history lesson to my first grade class,\" Hines-Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Finding Ways to Be Heard, in Spite of the Critics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the school board, Hines-Foster called out racism and inaction. She advocated for a Black studies curriculum, and for victims of sexual assault. But she said speaking out also led to threats online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want me to take up space. But I think honestly, I kind of brush it off because these people aren't saying these things with their chests,\" Hines-Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if people didn't want to listen, Hines-Foster found ways to be heard. She kept her peers updated through posts and livestreams on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Correa Almanza and Hines-Foster co-authored a resolution with other board members to end Lowell’s selective admissions policy based on grades and test scores. This year’s enrollment figures show that the policy change has made a difference. A greater percentage of Black and Hispanic students have been accepted into Lowell for the upcoming school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, really, man, I hope these numbers come out good, because if [they don't], I'm probably going to get roasted by my whole school,\" Hines-Foster said. \"Like, 'You took away admissions and it didn't even work!' So I was like, 'Please, please, let something change.' So when the numbers came out, I was really happy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hines-Foster is also proud of her advocacy around bringing a Black studies curriculum to the district. She and Correa Almanza co-sponsored a Black studies resolution that gives every student in the district the chance to participate in Black studies by the school year 2022-2023. They also both began drafting a Title IX resolution to improve the reporting process for students who experience harassment or assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Passing Off the Baton to the Next Student Leader\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now that Correa Almanza and Hines-Foster are graduating, they're handing the baton to next year’s student delegates, Joanna Lam and Agnes Liang. Lam will be a senior at Lowell, and Agnes Liang will be a senior at Mission High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lam is Cambodian American, the child of refugees and says she has been advocating for other students since kindergarten when she was on the student council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have young cousins who are in elementary school right now, and I want to make this district a place where they can grow up, and make their future overall better,\" Lam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does think the student delegates can make a difference, even if their votes are only advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The influence of student voice is questionable. But if you have people behind you with that voice, it's something much more powerful,\" Lam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lam says she plans to continue using social media in creative ways to keep students engaged. On the final day of the student delegate election, Lam went on Instagram to dye her hair pink if more students voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says next year, she’s focused on the reopening of schools in person, and making sure the district adequately supports students' mental health needs. She hopes that some day, student delegates' votes can be counted on the school board, too.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It has been a turbulent year for the San Francisco school board in ways that its two student delegates could never have foreseen. As both delegates graduate this week, they leave behind a legacy of activism their peers say sets the bar for what it means to be a student leader.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It has been a turbulent year for the San Francisco school board in ways that its two student delegates could never have foreseen. As both delegates graduate this week, they leave behind a legacy of activism their peers say sets the bar for what it means to be a student leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shavonne Hines-Foster, a Lowell High School senior, fought fiercely for Black students and called on administrators to do a better job confronting racism.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her colleague, Kathya Correa Almanza, is graduating from June Jordan School for Equity. As a student delegate she advocated for transformational education for all students with poise and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That representation has been particularly important during a year when most students have been away from their schools and more isolated. Both students also had to learn how to navigate their roles amid adult debates over the reopening of schools, offensive tweets and lawsuits, said Correa Almanza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I expected education to be this place where everyone agrees on what is right because it's for the students,\" Correa Almanza said. \"San Francisco is divided in so many ways, you know, we have different neighborhoods, we have different incomes. But to see how [that] played out was something that surprised me a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Students Advocating for Their Communities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Correa Almanza's experience prepared her for this role. She was a high school debater, and over time, began using the power of her words for more than winning debate rounds. Her peers saw her as a leader, and pushed her to run for their student delegate. But she was nervous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a role where people wouldn't expect to see a young Latina from a low-income household [and] single mother,\" Correa Almanza said. \"People would not expect someone that identifies like me to be in this role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She reached out to San Francisco Board of Education President Gabriela López, the youngest woman ever elected to office in San Francisco, to talk about how she was feeling. After that conversation, and winning the election, Correa Almanza remained unfazed even when hundreds of people often tuned in over Zoom for board meetings. She says she understood what she had to do to be a strong leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Hines-Foster decided to run, she was thinking about her community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11859101\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11859101\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Lowell Black Student Union co-president Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/02/005_SanFrancisco_LowellHSRally_02052021.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lowell Black Student Union co-President Shavonne Hines-Foster speaks during a rally held at Lowell High School on Feb. 5, 2021, to address recent racist incidents at the school. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"No one who looked like me had been on the seat in the past few years,\" Hines-Foster said. \"People put faith in me to lead with strength and compassion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers how in elementary school her teacher didn’t have anything planned for Black History Month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So she actually told my mom, 'You can do it yourself.' So my mom had to give her own Black history lesson to my first grade class,\" Hines-Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Finding Ways to Be Heard, in Spite of the Critics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On the school board, Hines-Foster called out racism and inaction. She advocated for a Black studies curriculum, and for victims of sexual assault. But she said speaking out also led to threats online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People don't want me to take up space. But I think honestly, I kind of brush it off because these people aren't saying these things with their chests,\" Hines-Foster said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if people didn't want to listen, Hines-Foster found ways to be heard. She kept her peers updated through posts and livestreams on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, Correa Almanza and Hines-Foster co-authored a resolution with other board members to end Lowell’s selective admissions policy based on grades and test scores. This year’s enrollment figures show that the policy change has made a difference. A greater percentage of Black and Hispanic students have been accepted into Lowell for the upcoming school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, really, man, I hope these numbers come out good, because if [they don't], I'm probably going to get roasted by my whole school,\" Hines-Foster said. \"Like, 'You took away admissions and it didn't even work!' So I was like, 'Please, please, let something change.' So when the numbers came out, I was really happy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hines-Foster is also proud of her advocacy around bringing a Black studies curriculum to the district. She and Correa Almanza co-sponsored a Black studies resolution that gives every student in the district the chance to participate in Black studies by the school year 2022-2023. They also both began drafting a Title IX resolution to improve the reporting process for students who experience harassment or assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Passing Off the Baton to the Next Student Leader\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now that Correa Almanza and Hines-Foster are graduating, they're handing the baton to next year’s student delegates, Joanna Lam and Agnes Liang. Lam will be a senior at Lowell, and Agnes Liang will be a senior at Mission High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lam is Cambodian American, the child of refugees and says she has been advocating for other students since kindergarten when she was on the student council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have young cousins who are in elementary school right now, and I want to make this district a place where they can grow up, and make their future overall better,\" Lam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She does think the student delegates can make a difference, even if their votes are only advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The influence of student voice is questionable. But if you have people behind you with that voice, it's something much more powerful,\" Lam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lam says she plans to continue using social media in creative ways to keep students engaged. On the final day of the student delegate election, Lam went on Instagram to dye her hair pink if more students voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says next year, she’s focused on the reopening of schools in person, and making sure the district adequately supports students' mental health needs. She hopes that some day, student delegates' votes can be counted on the school board, too.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-some-elders-are-working-to-preserve-the-legacy-of-the-black-panther-party-in-oakland",
"title": "How Some Elders are Working to Preserve the Legacy of the Black Panther Party in Oakland",
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"headTitle": "How Some Elders are Working to Preserve the Legacy of the Black Panther Party in Oakland | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Buffalo Sojourn, who just goes by Buffalo, has been a community advocate for decades. He’s also a former member of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense and has served as a medical advocate for the past 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, he’s focused in particular on pushing for co-housing models for seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Buffalo Sojourn\"]‘My higher education came through the Ministry of Information as led by the multimedia master and free speech developer [Leroy] Eldridge Cleaver. Mumia [Abu-Jamal] is my junior brother.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, where Buffalo has lived for over 40 years, can be a challenging place for seniors to find affordable housing. “Generally speaking, this is no place for old folks and it’s a hard place for old Panthers,” he said. Buffalo, 73, has been unhoused on and off for the past 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years ago, housing lawyer Beilal Chatila moved to West Oakland from Detroit. Chatila said he first met Buffalo while he was hanging out on the porch — they would sit and talk for hours. Eventually, Buffalo told Chatila about the many Black Panther Party-related documents he had in storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I found out that he was without shelter, it came as a shock because I knew at the time that he was helping people who had cancer,” Chatila said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatila recently started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/black-panther-party-member-needs-our-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GoFundMe\u003c/a> on Buffalo’s behalf, detailing his financial situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Buffalo receives about $700 a month in government aid, but he spends $480 of that per month on a storage unit, where he has preserved thousands of important documents and other memorabilia related to the Black Panther Party,” Chatila wrote on the page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873911\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873911\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo and attorney Beilal Chatila on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 6, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Buffalo’s view, one of the most important things he can do is continue to preserve the legacy of the Black Panther Party for the generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buffalo’s story brings up a larger issue of ownership, power and historical narrative when it comes to preserving and sharing the legacy of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, and the broader Bay Area. He’s one of many people eager to ensure the history of the Black Panther Party is accessible and available to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Buffalo and the Black Panther Party\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Buffalo’s relationship with the Black Panther Party spanned the course of several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My higher education came through the Ministry of Information as led by the multimedia master and free speech developer [Leroy] Eldridge Cleaver,” Buffalo said. “Mumia [Abu-Jamal] is my junior brother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buffalo also helped start a Black Panther Party chapter in Portland, Oregon, but eventually returned to San Francisco, where he last served the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m an alumnus of Grove Street College,” he said. In the late ’60s and ’70s, the \u003ca href=\"https://sfbayview.com/2017/09/grove-street-college/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Grove Street College\u003c/a> student body included Black Panther Party co-founders Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Grove Street eventually turned into Merritt College, and a version of this evolved into what is now North Peralta Community College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering his own documentation of his years in the party, Buffalo spoke to the idea of value — who is valuing what, and the broader need to train the next generation of archivists. “I’m part of a group that we’re training people, persuading people to gain knowledge in library and information science so that we have a group of archivists,” Buffalo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is telling the story, and how heavily police documents and FBI files are consulted, also forms the lens through which the story of the Black Panther Party is told. “There’s a number of additions and corrections to history as we know it,” Buffalo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatila added, “It’s basically the concept of controlling the narrative at least as it relates to the value of these artifacts,” with the idea to pass along the lessons to people today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Buffalo has many different documents in his storage unit, he highlighted a few specific pieces: “We have two or three collage posters about Mumia made in three cities, in three decades, on two coasts,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873903\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo holds a Mumia Abu-Jamal poster on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021, in front of a mural honoring the women of the Black Panther Party by Oakland-based muralist Rachel Wolfe-Goldsmith. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have a number of things that, either Mumia gets out alive, and I give to him, or else he dies and I give to his kinfolks,” Buffalo said. He also noted that since Abu-Jamal’s birthday, earlier this year, there’s been renewed efforts to call for his freedom. \u003ca href=\"https://www.democracynow.org/topics/mumia_abu_jamal\">Abu-Jamal\u003c/a> is a journalist and \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/57926.Mumia_Abu_Jamal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">author\u003c/a> currently serving a prison sentence for the alleged murder of a police officer in 1982 after a trial that failed to meet international standards, \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20081201103126/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/001/2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to rights group Amnesty International\u003c/a>. Many national and international celebrities \u003ca href=\"https://whyy.org/articles/supporters-of-mumia-abu-jamal-rally-on-his-67th-birthday-for-his-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">believe he was framed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cases like Abu-Jamal’s continue to highlight the importance of having a reliable place to find information about the Black Panther Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buffalo added that they’d “love to release it all and put it on the digital archive.” Then the public would be able to see any discrepancy — specifically with what may have been reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/COINTELPRO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COINTELPRO\u003c/a>, the FBI counterintelligence program that aimed to discredit individuals considered subversive to the U.S. government. COINTELPRO used tactics such as psychological warfare, harassment and had extensive files on many Black Panther Party members.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Making the Black Panther Party’s History More Accessible in the Bay Area \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the late ’90s, shortly after Dr. Huey P. Newton’s papers were acquired by Stanford University for an \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/pr/96/960306panthers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">undisclosed amount\u003c/a>, Billy X Jennings started “\u003ca href=\"http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/BPP_Newspapers/htm/Its_About_Time_The_Archives_of_Billy_X_Jennings.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">It’s About Time,\u003c/a>” an online archive with a physical space in Sacramento. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made a promise at the time that we were going to start our own archives, and we did,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jennings, access is the main issue. He wants people to be able to find the information wherever they are, especially those in Oakland. His own interest in archiving and preserving is in part because the history has been “distorted,” he said, referring to \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/COINTELPRO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COINTELPRO\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m still participating in the struggle because in the Black Panther Party it was ‘each one, teach one.’ I have knowledge and experience to pass on,” Jennings said. “It’s very important to have the correct information to educate people about the legacy of the party … even though the party is not here today, the party has lessons to be taught.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fredrika Newton, widow of Black Panther Party co-founder Huey P. Newton, said the \u003ca href=\"https://hueypnewtonfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation\u003c/a> is working to digitize more archives and create public art to share the party’s history. She also said librarians have told her the Black Panther Party archives at Stanford libraries are some of the most visited. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Fredrika Newton, widow of Huey P. Newton, a co-founder of the Black Panther Party\"]‘Every member of the Black Panther Party has a false narrative courtesy of COINTELPRO … Lives were destroyed, relationships were destroyed, when people talk about: Did they just end? The party was destroyed.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the party, as well as their supporters, often have a “false narrative courtesy of COINTELPRO,” Fredrika Newton said. “Lives were destroyed, relationships were destroyed, when people talk about: Did they just end? The party was destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Displaying some of this history as public art is a major project of the foundation, to help reclaim the narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exactly what we did in the Black Panther Party: using art as education,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Rebalancing History Through Public Art\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some supporters, that also means rebalancing the narrative, including the important role that women played in the party. Jilchristina Vest is the visionary and owner of the house with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858928/west-oakland-mural-honors-women-of-black-panther-party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mural honoring those women\u003c/a>. She said balancing the narrative doesn’t take anything away, but provides a more holistic story.[aside postID=news_11858928]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need to understand, and the reason why I created the mural, was I was in such a deep place of grief and rage last summer,” Vest said, “and I needed to find balance and I needed to find joy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873904\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873904\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beilal Chatila, Buffalo and Jilchristina Vest look at Buffalo’s Black Panther Party memorabilia on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021, in front of a mural honoring the women of the Black Panther Party by Oakland-based muralist Rachel Wolfe-Goldsmith. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She recently launched a \u003ca href=\"https://westoaklandmuralproject.org/pages/mini-museum-the-mural\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new website\u003c/a>, and tickets are now available for a new pop-up exhibit open for the first time Juneteenth weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gone too long with this negative false narrative of who the Black Panther Party was,” Vest said. “The Black Panther Party was systematically destroyed in ways in which that is still happening to people today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873909\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873909\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black Panther photos and posters at at the home of Jilchristina Vest on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021. Vest is making the ground floor of her home into a Black Panther Museum. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She echoes both Jennings and Buffalo in her view that much could be learned from the party’s legacy today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was nothing that we were doing then, that cannot be done times 10 today,” Vest said. “They were a group of humanitarians that were trying to save people, feed people, clothe people, house people, educate people, protect people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after unveiling the mural in February, Vest called her friend \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/profile/lisbet-tellefsen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lisbet Tellefsen\u003c/a>, who she describes as “the cream of the crop archivist for the Black Panther Party.” Tellefsen brought over some banners that had been sitting in storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11874964\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11874964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo tours the future site of a Black Panther Museum to be opened by Jilchristina Vest at her home on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vest would like to see a permanent museum in Oakland, a permanent staff and dedicated researchers preserving the legacy of the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we continue to allow somebody else to tell us where we come from, then we’ll never know where we’re going,” she said. [aside tag=\"black-panther-party, oakland\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Vest said she’ll see how the pop-up museum goes and potentially keep it up longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our opportunity right now to unpack our own history and look at these archives and these photographs and the essays and speeches and remind ourselves that we’re descendants of,” she said, “in my opinion, one of the greatest groups of humanitarians that ever existed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Chatila launched the GoFundMe on behalf of Buffalo, they’ve raised nearly $25,000 of their goal of $100,000. As Chatila wrote in a recent update, “For now, he [Buffalo] is staying at Airbnb’s and is looking to buy a wheelchair accessible van for his medical advocacy work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatila said he’s going to make sure Buffalo has everything he needs and they’d like to be able to put money toward a house that can be used as an example of the collective senior housing Buffalo envisioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without us as a society providing health care and housing, and taking care of the basic needs of the elders, we’re losing a part of history,” Chatila said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since starting the GoFundMe, a company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ripcord.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ripcord\u003c/a> has offered assistance in digitizing the Black Panther Party documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED took photos in early May, Buffalo and Vest, who used to be neighbors, chatted about their time in the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She joked that perhaps he should sit in one of the rooms of the pop up — as a part of the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873905\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo, 73, stands on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021, in front of a mural honoring the women of the Black Panther Party by Oakland-based muralist Rachel Wolfe-Goldsmith. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"title": "How Some Elders are Working to Preserve the Legacy of the Black Panther Party in Oakland | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Buffalo Sojourn, who just goes by Buffalo, has been a community advocate for decades. He’s also a former member of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense and has served as a medical advocate for the past 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, he’s focused in particular on pushing for co-housing models for seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, where Buffalo has lived for over 40 years, can be a challenging place for seniors to find affordable housing. “Generally speaking, this is no place for old folks and it’s a hard place for old Panthers,” he said. Buffalo, 73, has been unhoused on and off for the past 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years ago, housing lawyer Beilal Chatila moved to West Oakland from Detroit. Chatila said he first met Buffalo while he was hanging out on the porch — they would sit and talk for hours. Eventually, Buffalo told Chatila about the many Black Panther Party-related documents he had in storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I found out that he was without shelter, it came as a shock because I knew at the time that he was helping people who had cancer,” Chatila said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatila recently started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/f/black-panther-party-member-needs-our-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GoFundMe\u003c/a> on Buffalo’s behalf, detailing his financial situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Buffalo receives about $700 a month in government aid, but he spends $480 of that per month on a storage unit, where he has preserved thousands of important documents and other memorabilia related to the Black Panther Party,” Chatila wrote on the page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873911\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873911\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48929_007_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo and attorney Beilal Chatila on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 6, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Buffalo’s view, one of the most important things he can do is continue to preserve the legacy of the Black Panther Party for the generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buffalo’s story brings up a larger issue of ownership, power and historical narrative when it comes to preserving and sharing the legacy of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, and the broader Bay Area. He’s one of many people eager to ensure the history of the Black Panther Party is accessible and available to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Buffalo and the Black Panther Party\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Buffalo’s relationship with the Black Panther Party spanned the course of several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My higher education came through the Ministry of Information as led by the multimedia master and free speech developer [Leroy] Eldridge Cleaver,” Buffalo said. “Mumia [Abu-Jamal] is my junior brother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buffalo also helped start a Black Panther Party chapter in Portland, Oregon, but eventually returned to San Francisco, where he last served the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m an alumnus of Grove Street College,” he said. In the late ’60s and ’70s, the \u003ca href=\"https://sfbayview.com/2017/09/grove-street-college/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Grove Street College\u003c/a> student body included Black Panther Party co-founders Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Grove Street eventually turned into Merritt College, and a version of this evolved into what is now North Peralta Community College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering his own documentation of his years in the party, Buffalo spoke to the idea of value — who is valuing what, and the broader need to train the next generation of archivists. “I’m part of a group that we’re training people, persuading people to gain knowledge in library and information science so that we have a group of archivists,” Buffalo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is telling the story, and how heavily police documents and FBI files are consulted, also forms the lens through which the story of the Black Panther Party is told. “There’s a number of additions and corrections to history as we know it,” Buffalo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatila added, “It’s basically the concept of controlling the narrative at least as it relates to the value of these artifacts,” with the idea to pass along the lessons to people today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Buffalo has many different documents in his storage unit, he highlighted a few specific pieces: “We have two or three collage posters about Mumia made in three cities, in three decades, on two coasts,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873903\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48945_025_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo holds a Mumia Abu-Jamal poster on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021, in front of a mural honoring the women of the Black Panther Party by Oakland-based muralist Rachel Wolfe-Goldsmith. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I have a number of things that, either Mumia gets out alive, and I give to him, or else he dies and I give to his kinfolks,” Buffalo said. He also noted that since Abu-Jamal’s birthday, earlier this year, there’s been renewed efforts to call for his freedom. \u003ca href=\"https://www.democracynow.org/topics/mumia_abu_jamal\">Abu-Jamal\u003c/a> is a journalist and \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/57926.Mumia_Abu_Jamal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">author\u003c/a> currently serving a prison sentence for the alleged murder of a police officer in 1982 after a trial that failed to meet international standards, \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20081201103126/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/001/2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to rights group Amnesty International\u003c/a>. Many national and international celebrities \u003ca href=\"https://whyy.org/articles/supporters-of-mumia-abu-jamal-rally-on-his-67th-birthday-for-his-release/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">believe he was framed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cases like Abu-Jamal’s continue to highlight the importance of having a reliable place to find information about the Black Panther Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buffalo added that they’d “love to release it all and put it on the digital archive.” Then the public would be able to see any discrepancy — specifically with what may have been reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/COINTELPRO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COINTELPRO\u003c/a>, the FBI counterintelligence program that aimed to discredit individuals considered subversive to the U.S. government. COINTELPRO used tactics such as psychological warfare, harassment and had extensive files on many Black Panther Party members.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Making the Black Panther Party’s History More Accessible in the Bay Area \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the late ’90s, shortly after Dr. Huey P. Newton’s papers were acquired by Stanford University for an \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/pr/96/960306panthers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">undisclosed amount\u003c/a>, Billy X Jennings started “\u003ca href=\"http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/BPP_Newspapers/htm/Its_About_Time_The_Archives_of_Billy_X_Jennings.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">It’s About Time,\u003c/a>” an online archive with a physical space in Sacramento. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made a promise at the time that we were going to start our own archives, and we did,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jennings, access is the main issue. He wants people to be able to find the information wherever they are, especially those in Oakland. His own interest in archiving and preserving is in part because the history has been “distorted,” he said, referring to \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/COINTELPRO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COINTELPRO\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m still participating in the struggle because in the Black Panther Party it was ‘each one, teach one.’ I have knowledge and experience to pass on,” Jennings said. “It’s very important to have the correct information to educate people about the legacy of the party … even though the party is not here today, the party has lessons to be taught.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fredrika Newton, widow of Black Panther Party co-founder Huey P. Newton, said the \u003ca href=\"https://hueypnewtonfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation\u003c/a> is working to digitize more archives and create public art to share the party’s history. She also said librarians have told her the Black Panther Party archives at Stanford libraries are some of the most visited. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Every member of the Black Panther Party has a false narrative courtesy of COINTELPRO … Lives were destroyed, relationships were destroyed, when people talk about: Did they just end? The party was destroyed.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the party, as well as their supporters, often have a “false narrative courtesy of COINTELPRO,” Fredrika Newton said. “Lives were destroyed, relationships were destroyed, when people talk about: Did they just end? The party was destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Displaying some of this history as public art is a major project of the foundation, to help reclaim the narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exactly what we did in the Black Panther Party: using art as education,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Rebalancing History Through Public Art\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For some supporters, that also means rebalancing the narrative, including the important role that women played in the party. Jilchristina Vest is the visionary and owner of the house with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858928/west-oakland-mural-honors-women-of-black-panther-party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mural honoring those women\u003c/a>. She said balancing the narrative doesn’t take anything away, but provides a more holistic story.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need to understand, and the reason why I created the mural, was I was in such a deep place of grief and rage last summer,” Vest said, “and I needed to find balance and I needed to find joy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873904\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873904\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48943_023_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beilal Chatila, Buffalo and Jilchristina Vest look at Buffalo’s Black Panther Party memorabilia on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021, in front of a mural honoring the women of the Black Panther Party by Oakland-based muralist Rachel Wolfe-Goldsmith. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She recently launched a \u003ca href=\"https://westoaklandmuralproject.org/pages/mini-museum-the-mural\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new website\u003c/a>, and tickets are now available for a new pop-up exhibit open for the first time Juneteenth weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gone too long with this negative false narrative of who the Black Panther Party was,” Vest said. “The Black Panther Party was systematically destroyed in ways in which that is still happening to people today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873909\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873909\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48938_016_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black Panther photos and posters at at the home of Jilchristina Vest on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021. Vest is making the ground floor of her home into a Black Panther Museum. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She echoes both Jennings and Buffalo in her view that much could be learned from the party’s legacy today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was nothing that we were doing then, that cannot be done times 10 today,” Vest said. “They were a group of humanitarians that were trying to save people, feed people, clothe people, house people, educate people, protect people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after unveiling the mural in February, Vest called her friend \u003ca href=\"http://www.thealliance.media/profile/lisbet-tellefsen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lisbet Tellefsen\u003c/a>, who she describes as “the cream of the crop archivist for the Black Panther Party.” Tellefsen brought over some banners that had been sitting in storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11874964\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11874964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48934_012_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo tours the future site of a Black Panther Museum to be opened by Jilchristina Vest at her home on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vest would like to see a permanent museum in Oakland, a permanent staff and dedicated researchers preserving the legacy of the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we continue to allow somebody else to tell us where we come from, then we’ll never know where we’re going,” she said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Vest said she’ll see how the pop-up museum goes and potentially keep it up longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our opportunity right now to unpack our own history and look at these archives and these photographs and the essays and speeches and remind ourselves that we’re descendants of,” she said, “in my opinion, one of the greatest groups of humanitarians that ever existed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Chatila launched the GoFundMe on behalf of Buffalo, they’ve raised nearly $25,000 of their goal of $100,000. As Chatila wrote in a recent update, “For now, he [Buffalo] is staying at Airbnb’s and is looking to buy a wheelchair accessible van for his medical advocacy work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chatila said he’s going to make sure Buffalo has everything he needs and they’d like to be able to put money toward a house that can be used as an example of the collective senior housing Buffalo envisioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without us as a society providing health care and housing, and taking care of the basic needs of the elders, we’re losing a part of history,” Chatila said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since starting the GoFundMe, a company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ripcord.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ripcord\u003c/a> has offered assistance in digitizing the Black Panther Party documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED took photos in early May, Buffalo and Vest, who used to be neighbors, chatted about their time in the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She joked that perhaps he should sit in one of the rooms of the pop up — as a part of the museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873905\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11873905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS48925_003_Oakland_Buffalo_05062021-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buffalo, 73, stands on Center and Ninth streets in Oakland on May 7, 2021, in front of a mural honoring the women of the Black Panther Party by Oakland-based muralist Rachel Wolfe-Goldsmith. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Jose VTA Shooting: How to Help Victims, Families and Those Personally Affected",
"title": "San Jose VTA Shooting: How to Help Victims, Families and Those Personally Affected",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Go to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#access\">How to find support for yourself\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#help\">Ways to help victims and others who've been affected\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11875404/official-multiple-people-killed-in-shooting-at-san-jose-vta-railyard\">a mass shooting left 10 people dead in San Jose\u003c/a>, officials said the focus now needs to be on how to support those personally touched by the tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On NPR's Morning Edition, San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/27/1000893749/san-jose-shooting-victims-names-released-gunman-set-fire-to-his-own-home\">the community is feeling \"numb.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got families who have lost loved ones, and co-workers who have lost friends,\" said Liccardo. \"And I think our task now is to do everything we can to support them, and to help them begin the path of healing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're personally seeking support after this event, or looking for ways to support people who've been directly impacted, read on for links to use and share. We'll continue to update these resources as we find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"access\">\u003c/a>How to Find Support for Yourself or Others\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Family Assistance Center\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Victim Services Unit for the Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office has set up a Family Assistance Center (FAC), which is ready to assist victims, family members, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority employees and anyone else who has been impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAC is open Thursday at the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter at 2731 N. 1st St. in San Jose from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. (408) 209-8356.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose district attorney has confirmed that there are Spanish speakers onsite, and a language line is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Services available include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Counseling and other support services\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Resources around accessing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim-services/restitution-vcgcb/\">California Victim Compensation Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SantaClaraDA/status/1397945344709693444?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasey Halcon, director of Victim Services, said there are crisis counselors, licensed clinicians, peer counselors and victim advocates at the FAC site. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea being that we want to co-locate collaborative resources in one center for victims and their families,\" said Halcon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from the California Victim Compensation Program are also on-hand to provide support. Halcon said family members can typically tap into the program for assistance with funeral and burial costs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The services are free and those seeking help will not be asked for their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Support Services Available\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members looking for emotional support can contact the Suicide and Crisis Hotline at 1-855-278-4204 or Santa Clara County \u003ca href=\"https://bhsd.sccgov.org/get-help/services-myself\">Behavioral Health Services\u003c/a> at 1-800-704-0900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support is also available by texting RENEW to 741741. (Text services available in English only).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAC is available to those who were directly impacted by the incident — including those who witnessed the shooting or who fled. But Halcon said it is also available to the community at large. This may include members of the community who have been impacted by other acts of violence, including those who are still recovering from the 2019 mass shooting in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763883/active-shooting-reported-at-gilroy-garlic-festival\">Gilroy\u003c/a>. Halcon said counselors were deployed to south Santa Clara County to help the first responders who worked during the Gilroy incident and were triggered by the VTA shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can have a shooting, you can have it in the community.. [and] you can have thousands of people that are deeply impacted by the crime that occurred,\" said Halcon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halcon said the VTA shooting comes at an extremely challenging time — more than a year into the coronavirus pandemic. And mental health is an issue that communities are continuing to grapple with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Something like a mass victimization incident can trigger people on different levels that can make them feel unsafe, it can make them want to isolate,\" said Halcon. \"Counseling is available. Mental health counseling is really important. And if you need help, you should ask for it. Everybody deserves to have a safe space to go to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A VTA spokesperson said that the agency’s human resources department will also be reaching out to the families of all the victims to help them \"navigate the multiple benefits and resources that they will need to cope with the days ahead.\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=\"news_11764070\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press event Thursday, Santa Clara County Supervisor Cindy Chavez commended the county’s behavioral health department and the district attorney’s victim advocates group for providing families with crucial support in the immediate aftermath of the tragedy, and urged the community to access the help they're entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to say to everybody who’s listening, if you need help, reach out. There are so many ways to get services and we don’t want a single person to go without the services that they need,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"help\">\u003c/a>How to Support Victims and Others Who've Been Affected\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Make a Donation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://act.wpusa.org/vta_victims_support_fund\">Donations in support of victims and their families\u003c/a> can be made through \u003ca href=\"https://act.wpusa.org/vta_victims_support_fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Working Partnerships USA\u003c/a>'s Union Community Resources program, to their VTA Solidarity Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working Partnerships is a community public policy and organizing group based in the South Bay that works closely with the labor movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a program that can provide both financial assistance, but also counseling and support,\" said Jeff Barrera, communications director for Working Partnerships USA. \"During tragedies like this one, we can use that program to pretty quickly provide broader relief.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Working Partnerships fund was created on behalf of the workers and their families. Barrera said it will provide whatever support and assistance is needed for families to get through this crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working Partnerships USA also offers a multilingual support line: (408) 809-2122.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another fund is being set up by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.atu.org/media/releases/help-atu-members-impacted-by-the-san-jose-shootings\">Amalgamated Transit Union\u003c/a>, which represents workers at VTA, including some of the victims. The group called on its members and others to donate through its \u003ca href=\"https://www.atu.org/media/releases/help-atu-members-impacted-by-the-san-jose-shootings\">Disaster Relief Fund.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently fundraisers being shared online. But officials urge potential donors to vet the online fundraisers before giving money. GoFundMe has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/san-jose-shooting-fundraisers?pc=ig_social&utm_source=instagram&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=bcgfm_ig_fund_san-jose-shooting-fundraisers\">a list of vetted fundraisers\u003c/a> posted on its website. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members can also donate to local nonprofits that provide support during mass shooting events. This includes the \u003ca href=\"https://www.billwilsoncenter.org/\">Bill Wilson Center\u003c/a>, a critical incident response agency providing support to victims, witnesses and first responders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donating blood to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/local/california/northern-california-coastal/about-us/locations/silicon-valley.html\">American Red Cross\u003c/a> is also another way to help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attend a Vigil\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vigil will be held at the San Jose City Hall Plaza on Thursday at 6 p.m. to honor those whose lives were lost to the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sliccardo/status/1397989666217873408\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elected officials, local leaders and other community members are expected to attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Matthew Green contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Go to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#access\">How to find support for yourself\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#help\">Ways to help victims and others who've been affected\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>A day after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11875404/official-multiple-people-killed-in-shooting-at-san-jose-vta-railyard\">a mass shooting left 10 people dead in San Jose\u003c/a>, officials said the focus now needs to be on how to support those personally touched by the tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On NPR's Morning Edition, San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/27/1000893749/san-jose-shooting-victims-names-released-gunman-set-fire-to-his-own-home\">the community is feeling \"numb.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got families who have lost loved ones, and co-workers who have lost friends,\" said Liccardo. \"And I think our task now is to do everything we can to support them, and to help them begin the path of healing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're personally seeking support after this event, or looking for ways to support people who've been directly impacted, read on for links to use and share. We'll continue to update these resources as we find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"access\">\u003c/a>How to Find Support for Yourself or Others\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Family Assistance Center\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Victim Services Unit for the Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office has set up a Family Assistance Center (FAC), which is ready to assist victims, family members, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority employees and anyone else who has been impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAC is open Thursday at the American Red Cross Silicon Valley Chapter at 2731 N. 1st St. in San Jose from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. (408) 209-8356.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose district attorney has confirmed that there are Spanish speakers onsite, and a language line is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Services available include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Counseling and other support services\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Resources around accessing the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim-services/restitution-vcgcb/\">California Victim Compensation Program\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Kasey Halcon, director of Victim Services, said there are crisis counselors, licensed clinicians, peer counselors and victim advocates at the FAC site. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea being that we want to co-locate collaborative resources in one center for victims and their families,\" said Halcon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from the California Victim Compensation Program are also on-hand to provide support. Halcon said family members can typically tap into the program for assistance with funeral and burial costs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The services are free and those seeking help will not be asked for their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Support Services Available\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members looking for emotional support can contact the Suicide and Crisis Hotline at 1-855-278-4204 or Santa Clara County \u003ca href=\"https://bhsd.sccgov.org/get-help/services-myself\">Behavioral Health Services\u003c/a> at 1-800-704-0900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support is also available by texting RENEW to 741741. (Text services available in English only).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAC is available to those who were directly impacted by the incident — including those who witnessed the shooting or who fled. But Halcon said it is also available to the community at large. This may include members of the community who have been impacted by other acts of violence, including those who are still recovering from the 2019 mass shooting in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11763883/active-shooting-reported-at-gilroy-garlic-festival\">Gilroy\u003c/a>. Halcon said counselors were deployed to south Santa Clara County to help the first responders who worked during the Gilroy incident and were triggered by the VTA shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can have a shooting, you can have it in the community.. [and] you can have thousands of people that are deeply impacted by the crime that occurred,\" said Halcon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halcon said the VTA shooting comes at an extremely challenging time — more than a year into the coronavirus pandemic. And mental health is an issue that communities are continuing to grapple with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Something like a mass victimization incident can trigger people on different levels that can make them feel unsafe, it can make them want to isolate,\" said Halcon. \"Counseling is available. Mental health counseling is really important. And if you need help, you should ask for it. Everybody deserves to have a safe space to go to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A VTA spokesperson said that the agency’s human resources department will also be reaching out to the families of all the victims to help them \"navigate the multiple benefits and resources that they will need to cope with the days ahead.\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press event Thursday, Santa Clara County Supervisor Cindy Chavez commended the county’s behavioral health department and the district attorney’s victim advocates group for providing families with crucial support in the immediate aftermath of the tragedy, and urged the community to access the help they're entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to say to everybody who’s listening, if you need help, reach out. There are so many ways to get services and we don’t want a single person to go without the services that they need,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"help\">\u003c/a>How to Support Victims and Others Who've Been Affected\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Make a Donation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://act.wpusa.org/vta_victims_support_fund\">Donations in support of victims and their families\u003c/a> can be made through \u003ca href=\"https://act.wpusa.org/vta_victims_support_fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Working Partnerships USA\u003c/a>'s Union Community Resources program, to their VTA Solidarity Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working Partnerships is a community public policy and organizing group based in the South Bay that works closely with the labor movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a program that can provide both financial assistance, but also counseling and support,\" said Jeff Barrera, communications director for Working Partnerships USA. \"During tragedies like this one, we can use that program to pretty quickly provide broader relief.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Working Partnerships fund was created on behalf of the workers and their families. Barrera said it will provide whatever support and assistance is needed for families to get through this crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working Partnerships USA also offers a multilingual support line: (408) 809-2122.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another fund is being set up by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.atu.org/media/releases/help-atu-members-impacted-by-the-san-jose-shootings\">Amalgamated Transit Union\u003c/a>, which represents workers at VTA, including some of the victims. The group called on its members and others to donate through its \u003ca href=\"https://www.atu.org/media/releases/help-atu-members-impacted-by-the-san-jose-shootings\">Disaster Relief Fund.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently fundraisers being shared online. But officials urge potential donors to vet the online fundraisers before giving money. GoFundMe has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/san-jose-shooting-fundraisers?pc=ig_social&utm_source=instagram&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=bcgfm_ig_fund_san-jose-shooting-fundraisers\">a list of vetted fundraisers\u003c/a> posted on its website. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community members can also donate to local nonprofits that provide support during mass shooting events. This includes the \u003ca href=\"https://www.billwilsoncenter.org/\">Bill Wilson Center\u003c/a>, a critical incident response agency providing support to victims, witnesses and first responders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donating blood to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/local/california/northern-california-coastal/about-us/locations/silicon-valley.html\">American Red Cross\u003c/a> is also another way to help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attend a Vigil\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vigil will be held at the San Jose City Hall Plaza on Thursday at 6 p.m. to honor those whose lives were lost to the shooting.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "the-real-history-behind-the-myths-and-mystery-of-stanfords-searsville-lake",
"title": "The Real History Behind the Myths and Mystery of Stanford's Searsville Lake",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rohnert Park resident David Mattea remembers fondly when he was a boy in the 1970s, how his family would drive half an hour south to escape foggy Daly City. They would head to a place called Searsville Lake for some fun in the sun. When the weather was good, the man-made playground would regularly draw thousands of people from all over the Bay Area for water sports, summer camps, picnics and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever became of Searsville Lake on the Peninsula?” Mattea wants to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Great Water Grab of the 19th Century\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the years following the Gold Rush, San Francisco’s growing population was thirsty for drinking water. The Spring Valley Water Company bought up a lot of the farmland on the Peninsula south of the city to take advantage of all the creek water pouring off the Santa Cruz Mountains. They built dams to collect the water in reservoirs like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747125/the-not-so-crystal-clean-history-of-san-franciscos-drinking-water-2\">Crystal Springs \u003c/a>and directed it to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, around this time, the railroad baron Leland Stanford was building a brand new university. He bought a small reservoir from the Spring Valley Water Company for use on his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11781771/how-stanford-became-the-largest-landowner-in-silicon-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sprawling, 8,200-acre campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b.jpg\" alt=\"The dam was built in 1892 by the Spring Valley Water Company, but the reservoir never proved to be a reliable source of palatable drinking water and was acquired by Stanford University in 1919. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b-800x478.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b-1020x610.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The dam was built in 1892 by the Spring Valley Water Company, but the reservoir never proved to be a reliable source of palatable drinking water and was acquired by Stanford University in 1919. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Stanford University Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A handful of creeks feed the little reservoir on the campus, according to Tom Zigterman, director of water resources and civil infrastructure at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s four or five, depends on where you’re doing the counting, but it’s a number of creeks that merge right there at that canyon,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this reservoir proved to be a major disappointment as a drinking water source because one of the creeks that fed into it, Corte Madera Creek, also carried tons of silt and sediment down from the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water smelled awful,” says Julie Cain, a historian for Stanford Heritage Services, which is responsible for the campus archaeology program. Cain is co-writing a book with another local historian, Nancy Lund, about Searsville Dam. “The water tasted awful. All of the porcelain sinks and bathtubs had yellow or brownish stains that could not be removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cain says Stanford’s early campus manager “figured out relatively quickly that this water was really going to only be good for irrigation and fire protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the reservoir couldn’t deliver potable water, it was still a pretty sweet place to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were about 200 families living in the area, roughly, and the lake became an immediate unofficial recreational spot with people that lived nearby,” Cain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871597\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871597\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b.jpg\" alt=\"Searsville Dam may be man-made, but it's still pretty and fascinating to natural scientists. The dam is surrounded by grasslands, chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and even freshwater wetlands. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Searsville Dam may be man-made, but it’s still pretty to many and fascinating to natural scientists. The dam is surrounded by grasslands, chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and even freshwater wetlands. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dan Quinn)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1922, a Stanford couple leased the property so they could teach water sports and run a summer camp. Ernst and Greta Brandsten were both Swedish immigrants and Olympic divers. They called it Camp Searsville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Greta was the first woman ever to win an Olympic gold medal for \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Johansson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">high diving in 1912\u003c/a>!” Cain notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts camped on the property. Tons of sand was brought in to create a man-made beach. 1,500 people might show up on a Sunday, 2,500 people on a holiday weekend. It was a scene, “for not just the local community, but really anybody within the Bay Area. I have photos of, I think Memorial Day, and it looks like \u003ca href=\"http://www.pdxhistory.com/html/coney_island.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coney Island\u003c/a>,” Cain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debunking Urban Myths\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Near the lake, there was a tiny town called Searsville that doesn’t exist anymore. It’s a myth, however, that the town was flooded by the construction of the reservoir. That was a rumor started by Ernst Brandsten, who loved to scare his diving students by telling them they could hit their heads on an old Searsville rooftop if they weren’t careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also untrue: a legendary concert in 1968 that baby boomers who spent summer days at Searsville Lake as children and teenagers recall. They remember hearing \u003cem>about\u003c/em> \u003cem>it\u003c/em>, but nobody could have \u003cem>attended\u003c/em> \u003cem>it\u003c/em>, because as historian Julie Cain explains, the university got wind of it while it was being organized and shut the concert down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(A legendary concert that DID happen in 1963 featured the famous folk singer Pete Seeger. But Searsville – again, contrary to rumor – did not become a rock concert venue.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871599\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871599\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b.jpg\" alt=\"Searsville Dam is a concrete gravity structure made of interlocking concrete blocks. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Searsville Dam is a concrete gravity structure made of interlocking concrete blocks. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Philippe Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They would have had great people, though,” Cain says. “Country Joe and the Fish, Joan Baez, everybody and their dog that was anybody in San Francisco was on that list.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened to the Coney Island of Stanford University, Then?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As decades passed, the university’s biology department grew tired of having to share its 1,200-acre biological preserve with the swimming, boating, picnicking party animals of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers use the land to study everything from Bay \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/news/2002/may15/butterfly-515.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">checkerspot butterflies\u003c/a> to climate change and invasive plants. A lot of this didn’t mean much to Searsville Lake visitors, who unwittingly trampled on a lot of science projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which really, has continued to this day with local kids who got nothing better to do,” Cain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1976, the university bought out the camp’s lease and closed the beloved swimming spot down. You can still take docent-led tours of what’s now called the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, but mostly, the party is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more decades passed, the dam caught the eye of a different group of locals for very different reasons. In 2013, two environmental groups brought a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/7035/environmentalists-sue-stanford-over-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> against Stanford, arguing Searsville Dam, particularly its diversion of water from the San Francisquito Creek Watershed, damaged the habitat and threatened local fauna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871600\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 613px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17156443456_8de7bb384f_z.jpg\" alt=\"The Searsville Dam is located within the San Francisquito Creek watershed, which encompasses about 50 square miles and more than 20 creeks. Over thousands of years, the creek has carried sediment downstream from the Santa Cruz Mountains to create the alluvial fan upon which Atherton, Menlo Park, Palo Alto, East Palo Alto and Stanford were developed.\" width=\"613\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17156443456_8de7bb384f_z.jpg 613w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17156443456_8de7bb384f_z-160x167.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Searsville Dam is located within the San Francisquito Creek Watershed, which encompasses about 50 square miles and more than 20 creeks. Over thousands of years, the creek has carried sediment downstream from the Santa Cruz Mountains to create the alluvial fan upon which Atherton, Menlo Park, Palo Alto, East Palo Alto and Stanford were developed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Oakland Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fish biologist Matt Stoecker grew up in Portola Valley, one of several Peninsula cities that popped up near Stanford. His parents swam in Searsville Lake. He remembers playing in the creeks that fed the reservoir when he was a boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a steelhead run that used to run from the Bay all the way up to Windy Hill and Portola Valley, where I lived,” Stoecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers one brave little steelhead trout in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was actually a steelhead that had come from the ocean and may have swum from as far away as, you know, off the coast of Japan, all the way back to the stream it was born in and this useless dam that’s not serving a function anymore is preventing it from swimming back to its home,” Stoecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a grown-up, Stoecker started a group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.beyondsearsvilledam.org/Beyond_Searsville_Dam/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beyond Searsville Dam\u003c/a>, which has spent 20 years trying to get Stanford to restore the local watershed to something like its original glory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university did budge, kind of. It’s come up with a \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/may/searsville-preferred-plan-050115.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plan\u003c/a> — not to get rid of Searsville Dam altogether, which is what Stoecker wants — but to open a hole in the bottom of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871593\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b.jpg\" alt=\"Two environmental groups filed a federal lawsuit against Stanford University, claiming Searsville Dam harms threatened steelhead trout.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b-160x100.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two environmental groups filed a federal lawsuit against Stanford University, claiming Searsville Dam harms threatened steelhead trout. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Philippe Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That would let the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/endangered-species-conservation/central-california-coast-steelhead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">steelhead trout\u003c/a> returning from the bay go upstream, and it would let the water go downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, you can anticipate Stanford will engage in a lot of meetings in the years to come with the public and various agencies before anything finally happens on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it’s not a total success story, but it’s a partial success story,” writes plaintiff’s attorney Chris Sproul, who notes the lawsuit has been resolved. “The environment organizations I represent are happy with the progress so far and hopeful that the big prize will be attained (steelhead being able to freely utilize the entire Corte Madera Creek watershed — there is some absolutely beautiful habitat up above Searsville) in the not-too-distant future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been meeting with the resource agencies at the state and federal level: (Army) Corps of Engineers, National Marine Fisheries (Service), the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, (San Francisco Bay) Regional Water Quality Control Board. They’re all involved,” says Zigterman, director of water resources and civil infrastructure for Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, I gotta give the last word to historian Julie Cain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m probably going to put words in somebody’s mouth,” she says, “but I’m sure somebody at Stanford is shaking his or her head, going, ‘What in the hell did we buy that place for?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some of the shoreline along Searsville Dam used to be a man-made, beach-like playground open to the public on the Stanford campus. Over the years rumors and myths about the place have taken root.",
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"title": "The Real History Behind the Myths and Mystery of Stanford's Searsville Lake | KQED",
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"subhead": "Did Leland Stanford really flood a town? What about that legendary concert in 1968?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rohnert Park resident David Mattea remembers fondly when he was a boy in the 1970s, how his family would drive half an hour south to escape foggy Daly City. They would head to a place called Searsville Lake for some fun in the sun. When the weather was good, the man-made playground would regularly draw thousands of people from all over the Bay Area for water sports, summer camps, picnics and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever became of Searsville Lake on the Peninsula?” Mattea wants to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Great Water Grab of the 19th Century\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the years following the Gold Rush, San Francisco’s growing population was thirsty for drinking water. The Spring Valley Water Company bought up a lot of the farmland on the Peninsula south of the city to take advantage of all the creek water pouring off the Santa Cruz Mountains. They built dams to collect the water in reservoirs like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747125/the-not-so-crystal-clean-history-of-san-franciscos-drinking-water-2\">Crystal Springs \u003c/a>and directed it to San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, around this time, the railroad baron Leland Stanford was building a brand new university. He bought a small reservoir from the Spring Valley Water Company for use on his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11781771/how-stanford-became-the-largest-landowner-in-silicon-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sprawling, 8,200-acre campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871596\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b.jpg\" alt=\"The dam was built in 1892 by the Spring Valley Water Company, but the reservoir never proved to be a reliable source of palatable drinking water and was acquired by Stanford University in 1919. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b-800x478.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b-1020x610.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16562202803_c583eefd4c_b-160x96.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The dam was built in 1892 by the Spring Valley Water Company, but the reservoir never proved to be a reliable source of palatable drinking water and was acquired by Stanford University in 1919. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Stanford University Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A handful of creeks feed the little reservoir on the campus, according to Tom Zigterman, director of water resources and civil infrastructure at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s four or five, depends on where you’re doing the counting, but it’s a number of creeks that merge right there at that canyon,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this reservoir proved to be a major disappointment as a drinking water source because one of the creeks that fed into it, Corte Madera Creek, also carried tons of silt and sediment down from the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water smelled awful,” says Julie Cain, a historian for Stanford Heritage Services, which is responsible for the campus archaeology program. Cain is co-writing a book with another local historian, Nancy Lund, about Searsville Dam. “The water tasted awful. All of the porcelain sinks and bathtubs had yellow or brownish stains that could not be removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cain says Stanford’s early campus manager “figured out relatively quickly that this water was really going to only be good for irrigation and fire protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the reservoir couldn’t deliver potable water, it was still a pretty sweet place to hang out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were about 200 families living in the area, roughly, and the lake became an immediate unofficial recreational spot with people that lived nearby,” Cain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871597\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871597\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b.jpg\" alt=\"Searsville Dam may be man-made, but it's still pretty and fascinating to natural scientists. The dam is surrounded by grasslands, chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and even freshwater wetlands. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17180724472_97b8ec665b_b-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Searsville Dam may be man-made, but it’s still pretty to many and fascinating to natural scientists. The dam is surrounded by grasslands, chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and even freshwater wetlands. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dan Quinn)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1922, a Stanford couple leased the property so they could teach water sports and run a summer camp. Ernst and Greta Brandsten were both Swedish immigrants and Olympic divers. They called it Camp Searsville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Greta was the first woman ever to win an Olympic gold medal for \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Johansson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">high diving in 1912\u003c/a>!” Cain notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girl Scouts and Boy Scouts camped on the property. Tons of sand was brought in to create a man-made beach. 1,500 people might show up on a Sunday, 2,500 people on a holiday weekend. It was a scene, “for not just the local community, but really anybody within the Bay Area. I have photos of, I think Memorial Day, and it looks like \u003ca href=\"http://www.pdxhistory.com/html/coney_island.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coney Island\u003c/a>,” Cain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debunking Urban Myths\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Near the lake, there was a tiny town called Searsville that doesn’t exist anymore. It’s a myth, however, that the town was flooded by the construction of the reservoir. That was a rumor started by Ernst Brandsten, who loved to scare his diving students by telling them they could hit their heads on an old Searsville rooftop if they weren’t careful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also untrue: a legendary concert in 1968 that baby boomers who spent summer days at Searsville Lake as children and teenagers recall. They remember hearing \u003cem>about\u003c/em> \u003cem>it\u003c/em>, but nobody could have \u003cem>attended\u003c/em> \u003cem>it\u003c/em>, because as historian Julie Cain explains, the university got wind of it while it was being organized and shut the concert down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(A legendary concert that DID happen in 1963 featured the famous folk singer Pete Seeger. But Searsville – again, contrary to rumor – did not become a rock concert venue.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871599\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871599\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b.jpg\" alt=\"Searsville Dam is a concrete gravity structure made of interlocking concrete blocks. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/16559944954_0ba30159ea_b-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Searsville Dam is a concrete gravity structure made of interlocking concrete blocks. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Philippe Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They would have had great people, though,” Cain says. “Country Joe and the Fish, Joan Baez, everybody and their dog that was anybody in San Francisco was on that list.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened to the Coney Island of Stanford University, Then?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As decades passed, the university’s biology department grew tired of having to share its 1,200-acre biological preserve with the swimming, boating, picnicking party animals of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers use the land to study everything from Bay \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/news/2002/may15/butterfly-515.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">checkerspot butterflies\u003c/a> to climate change and invasive plants. A lot of this didn’t mean much to Searsville Lake visitors, who unwittingly trampled on a lot of science projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which really, has continued to this day with local kids who got nothing better to do,” Cain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1976, the university bought out the camp’s lease and closed the beloved swimming spot down. You can still take docent-led tours of what’s now called the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, but mostly, the party is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more decades passed, the dam caught the eye of a different group of locals for very different reasons. In 2013, two environmental groups brought a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/7035/environmentalists-sue-stanford-over-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> against Stanford, arguing Searsville Dam, particularly its diversion of water from the San Francisquito Creek Watershed, damaged the habitat and threatened local fauna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871600\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 613px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871600\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17156443456_8de7bb384f_z.jpg\" alt=\"The Searsville Dam is located within the San Francisquito Creek watershed, which encompasses about 50 square miles and more than 20 creeks. Over thousands of years, the creek has carried sediment downstream from the Santa Cruz Mountains to create the alluvial fan upon which Atherton, Menlo Park, Palo Alto, East Palo Alto and Stanford were developed.\" width=\"613\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17156443456_8de7bb384f_z.jpg 613w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/17156443456_8de7bb384f_z-160x167.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Searsville Dam is located within the San Francisquito Creek Watershed, which encompasses about 50 square miles and more than 20 creeks. Over thousands of years, the creek has carried sediment downstream from the Santa Cruz Mountains to create the alluvial fan upon which Atherton, Menlo Park, Palo Alto, East Palo Alto and Stanford were developed. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Oakland Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fish biologist Matt Stoecker grew up in Portola Valley, one of several Peninsula cities that popped up near Stanford. His parents swam in Searsville Lake. He remembers playing in the creeks that fed the reservoir when he was a boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a steelhead run that used to run from the Bay all the way up to Windy Hill and Portola Valley, where I lived,” Stoecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers one brave little steelhead trout in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was actually a steelhead that had come from the ocean and may have swum from as far away as, you know, off the coast of Japan, all the way back to the stream it was born in and this useless dam that’s not serving a function anymore is preventing it from swimming back to its home,” Stoecker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a grown-up, Stoecker started a group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.beyondsearsvilledam.org/Beyond_Searsville_Dam/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beyond Searsville Dam\u003c/a>, which has spent 20 years trying to get Stanford to restore the local watershed to something like its original glory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university did budge, kind of. It’s come up with a \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/news/2015/may/searsville-preferred-plan-050115.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plan\u003c/a> — not to get rid of Searsville Dam altogether, which is what Stoecker wants — but to open a hole in the bottom of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11871593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11871593\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b.jpg\" alt=\"Two environmental groups filed a federal lawsuit against Stanford University, claiming Searsville Dam harms threatened steelhead trout.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/16562202473_dbbd4e6bbd_b-160x100.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two environmental groups filed a federal lawsuit against Stanford University, claiming Searsville Dam harms threatened steelhead trout. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Philippe Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That would let the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/endangered-species-conservation/central-california-coast-steelhead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">steelhead trout\u003c/a> returning from the bay go upstream, and it would let the water go downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, you can anticipate Stanford will engage in a lot of meetings in the years to come with the public and various agencies before anything finally happens on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So it’s not a total success story, but it’s a partial success story,” writes plaintiff’s attorney Chris Sproul, who notes the lawsuit has been resolved. “The environment organizations I represent are happy with the progress so far and hopeful that the big prize will be attained (steelhead being able to freely utilize the entire Corte Madera Creek watershed — there is some absolutely beautiful habitat up above Searsville) in the not-too-distant future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been meeting with the resource agencies at the state and federal level: (Army) Corps of Engineers, National Marine Fisheries (Service), the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, (San Francisco Bay) Regional Water Quality Control Board. They’re all involved,” says Zigterman, director of water resources and civil infrastructure for Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, I gotta give the last word to historian Julie Cain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m probably going to put words in somebody’s mouth,” she says, “but I’m sure somebody at Stanford is shaking his or her head, going, ‘What in the hell did we buy that place for?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Thousands March for 'Free Palestine' in San Francisco as Airstrikes and Rocket Attacks Continue",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sabreen Imtair rallied in San Francisco for her people’s freedom more than 7,000 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imtair said she was born in Palestine. Her mother and siblings first lived in the Kalandia refugee camp in East Jerusalem, a place rife with overcrowding, unemployment and “frequent incursions by Israeli Forces,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/kalandia-camp\">according to the United Nations\u003c/a>. Her grandmother has often spoken reverently of caring for the land, like the olive trees her grandfather used to nurture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, as Imtair joined several thousand others at a rally and march in the city, violence continued in Israel and Gaza, disproportionally hurting Palestinian lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am worried about them,” Imtair said of her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march in the Mission District took place in solidarity \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/15/world/middleeast/nakba-day.html\">with similar demonstrations around the world\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Imtair, many at the demonstration in San Francisco were from across the Bay Area and other parts of the state, but trace roots back to Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza. Many of them called on President Biden to reduce aid to Israel because of its military assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873866\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11873866 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands march in solidarity with Palestinians in San Francisco’s Mission District on Saturday, May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beginning with speakers and poetry at 16th and Valencia streets, the swelling crowd later marched down Mission Street, shouting “free, free Palestine!” and waving Palestinian flags, blanketing the street in red, black, white and green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For days, Israeli airstrikes have leveled buildings in Gaza, and Hamas rockets have rained down on Israeli cities. Violence has erupted in mixed communities where Jews and Palestinians live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After close to a week of violence, 188 people in Gaza have been killed, and eight Israelis killed, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-west-bank-gaza-middle-east-israel-palestinian-conflict-7974cc0c03897b8b21e5fc2f8c7d8a79\">according to the Associated Press\u003c/a> as of Sunday morning. More than 900 have reportedly been wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rally’s date, May 15, also marked the Nakba, which to Palestinians means disaster or catastrophe, and refers to the displacement of about 750,000 Palestinians, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees\">according to estimates from the United Nations\u003c/a>, shortly after the establishment of Israel in 1948.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kentkessinger/status/1393701688112943106\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thousands marched in the Free Palestine protest in San Francisco on Saturday, as seen in the citizen video footage above. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, Eman Ghaith, a Tracy resident, said she marched to push for the liberation of her people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghaith says her family lives in a small village just 10 minutes away from Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/10/world/middleeast/jerusalem-protests-aqsa-palestinians.html\">which saw Israeli police raids\u003c/a> last week that left hundreds of Palestinians wounded. She says her family is under constant police surveillance and it can take two hours for them to cross through barricades to reach the mosque to pray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11873867 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands march in solidarity with Palestinians in San Francisco’s Mission District on Saturday, May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ghaith’s father was pushed from his home in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2007/06/04/10619929/six-day-war-shaping-the-modern-middle-east\">the Six-Day War of 1967\u003c/a> and came to the United States, she said. Laws regarding who is allowed to return home — and who is not — after other such battles partly sparked the latest violence, as Palestinians living in areas settled afterward \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-15/palestinian-families-living-in-sheikh-jarrah/100133672\">say they’re victims of discriminatory housing laws that favor Israelis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghaith said just who has power, and who doesn’t, makes a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like calling it conflict. It’s not a conflict. It’s a colonized apartheid that has been going on since the ’40s,” Ghaith said. “You can’t call that conflict when one person is the oppressing class and one person is an oppressor. And we all know the rest is history.” [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahmoud Shaqqour was also at the rally. He traces his mother’s roots back to Ramallah and his father’s to Nablus, both cities in the West Bank. Shaqqour said his family was displaced to Jordan and he eventually moved to Belmont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. has given billions of dollars to Israel for decades \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/israel-bombing-gaza-stop-hamas-rockets-shows-why-its-u-ncna1267381\">to stave off threats from neighboring countries,\u003c/a> Shaqqour says the money also goes toward violence against his former home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish U.S. is more responsible when they are giving aids to Israel,” he said. “I wish they look at fact and see that they used this money to kill children, and women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11873868 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands march in solidarity with Palestinians in San Francisco’s Mission District on Saturday, May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Israeli consulate in San Francisco calls Hamas, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-west-bank-gaza-middle-east-israel-palestinian-conflict-7974cc0c03897b8b21e5fc2f8c7d8a79\">the militant group fighting from Gaza\u003c/a>, a violent terrorist organization responsible for attacking Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as we see rockets fired, killing Israeli civilians and targeting the Israeli population, it is very difficult to talk about ceasefire,” said Matan Zamir, deputy consul general of the Israeli Consulate to the Pacific Northwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not only our right, I think it’s our duty our citizens,” Zamir said. “It’s our obligation to make sure that we don’t see 1,100 rockets fired at our civilians. I don’t see any other country in the world allowing such a thing to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations Security Council met Sunday to discuss the ongoing violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UNWebTV/status/1393841630457774080?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Thousands March for 'Free Palestine' in San Francisco as Airstrikes and Rocket Attacks Continue",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sabreen Imtair rallied in San Francisco for her people’s freedom more than 7,000 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imtair said she was born in Palestine. Her mother and siblings first lived in the Kalandia refugee camp in East Jerusalem, a place rife with overcrowding, unemployment and “frequent incursions by Israeli Forces,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/kalandia-camp\">according to the United Nations\u003c/a>. Her grandmother has often spoken reverently of caring for the land, like the olive trees her grandfather used to nurture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, as Imtair joined several thousand others at a rally and march in the city, violence continued in Israel and Gaza, disproportionally hurting Palestinian lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am worried about them,” Imtair said of her family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march in the Mission District took place in solidarity \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/15/world/middleeast/nakba-day.html\">with similar demonstrations around the world\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Imtair, many at the demonstration in San Francisco were from across the Bay Area and other parts of the state, but trace roots back to Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza. Many of them called on President Biden to reduce aid to Israel because of its military assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873866\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11873866 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49048_017_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands march in solidarity with Palestinians in San Francisco’s Mission District on Saturday, May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beginning with speakers and poetry at 16th and Valencia streets, the swelling crowd later marched down Mission Street, shouting “free, free Palestine!” and waving Palestinian flags, blanketing the street in red, black, white and green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For days, Israeli airstrikes have leveled buildings in Gaza, and Hamas rockets have rained down on Israeli cities. Violence has erupted in mixed communities where Jews and Palestinians live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After close to a week of violence, 188 people in Gaza have been killed, and eight Israelis killed, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-west-bank-gaza-middle-east-israel-palestinian-conflict-7974cc0c03897b8b21e5fc2f8c7d8a79\">according to the Associated Press\u003c/a> as of Sunday morning. More than 900 have reportedly been wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rally’s date, May 15, also marked the Nakba, which to Palestinians means disaster or catastrophe, and refers to the displacement of about 750,000 Palestinians, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees\">according to estimates from the United Nations\u003c/a>, shortly after the establishment of Israel in 1948.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thousands marched in the Free Palestine protest in San Francisco on Saturday, as seen in the citizen video footage above. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, Eman Ghaith, a Tracy resident, said she marched to push for the liberation of her people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghaith says her family lives in a small village just 10 minutes away from Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/10/world/middleeast/jerusalem-protests-aqsa-palestinians.html\">which saw Israeli police raids\u003c/a> last week that left hundreds of Palestinians wounded. She says her family is under constant police surveillance and it can take two hours for them to cross through barricades to reach the mosque to pray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873867\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11873867 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49049_018_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands march in solidarity with Palestinians in San Francisco’s Mission District on Saturday, May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ghaith’s father was pushed from his home in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2007/06/04/10619929/six-day-war-shaping-the-modern-middle-east\">the Six-Day War of 1967\u003c/a> and came to the United States, she said. Laws regarding who is allowed to return home — and who is not — after other such battles partly sparked the latest violence, as Palestinians living in areas settled afterward \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-05-15/palestinian-families-living-in-sheikh-jarrah/100133672\">say they’re victims of discriminatory housing laws that favor Israelis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghaith said just who has power, and who doesn’t, makes a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like calling it conflict. It’s not a conflict. It’s a colonized apartheid that has been going on since the ’40s,” Ghaith said. “You can’t call that conflict when one person is the oppressing class and one person is an oppressor. And we all know the rest is history.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahmoud Shaqqour was also at the rally. He traces his mother’s roots back to Ramallah and his father’s to Nablus, both cities in the West Bank. Shaqqour said his family was displaced to Jordan and he eventually moved to Belmont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. has given billions of dollars to Israel for decades \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/israel-bombing-gaza-stop-hamas-rockets-shows-why-its-u-ncna1267381\">to stave off threats from neighboring countries,\u003c/a> Shaqqour says the money also goes toward violence against his former home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish U.S. is more responsible when they are giving aids to Israel,” he said. “I wish they look at fact and see that they used this money to kill children, and women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11873868\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11873868 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/05/RS49034_002_SanFrancisco_PalestineRally_05152021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands march in solidarity with Palestinians in San Francisco’s Mission District on Saturday, May 15, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Israeli consulate in San Francisco calls Hamas, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/israel-west-bank-gaza-middle-east-israel-palestinian-conflict-7974cc0c03897b8b21e5fc2f8c7d8a79\">the militant group fighting from Gaza\u003c/a>, a violent terrorist organization responsible for attacking Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as we see rockets fired, killing Israeli civilians and targeting the Israeli population, it is very difficult to talk about ceasefire,” said Matan Zamir, deputy consul general of the Israeli Consulate to the Pacific Northwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not only our right, I think it’s our duty our citizens,” Zamir said. “It’s our obligation to make sure that we don’t see 1,100 rockets fired at our civilians. I don’t see any other country in the world allowing such a thing to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations Security Council met Sunday to discuss the ongoing violence.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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