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"content": "\u003cp>FRESNO — A close-knit Hmong community was in shock after gunmen burst into a Fresno backyard gathering and shot 10 men, killing four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are right now just trying to figure out what to do, what are the next steps. How do we heal, how do we know what's going on,” said Bobby Bliatout, a community leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday evening’s attack killed Xy Lee, a Hmong singer and musician whose videos on YouTube have been viewed millions of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMnUzOV9Gs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also killed were Phia Vang, 31; Kou Xiong, 38; and Kalaxang Thao, 40, all of Fresno, according to the coroner’s office. Three others remained hospitalized in serious condition, Community Regional Medical Center said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No motive or suspects were identified by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community is in mourning, and we still don’t know what’s going on, or who are the suspects,” said Pao Yang, CEO of the Fresno Center, a Hmong community group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hmong are an ethnic group from Southeast Asia. Many fled after fighting alongside the United States during the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11787170\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are about 300,000 Hmong living in the U.S., according to the 2017 American Community Survey by the U.S. Census. California has the nation’s largest Hmong population and about 25,000 live in Fresno, comprising about 5% of the city’s population of 525,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gunmen targeted a house where about 16 men had gathered outside to watch football on television, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two men armed with semi-automatic handguns walked through a side gate and without a word began firing randomly into the crowd before fleeing in the darkness, Police Chief Andrew Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooters did not speak, and no one reported getting a good look at them. Witnesses saw only flashes when the pistols were fired, Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police were investigating whether the shooting was connected to a recent “disturbance” involving some of the people at the party, Hall said. He did not describe the incident other than to say it occurred within the last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women and children inside the house weren’t hit, Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief said at least 60 officers were investigating, along with the FBI, Homeland Security and the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're coming for you,\" the police chief said of the attackers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This investigation is going to take two phases now,\" Chief Hall said. \"The first phase will be the establishment of an Asian gang task force. And this will be headed up by Deputy Chief Pat Farmer and Capt. Dennis Bridges. This will be a combined effort with the Fresno Police Department, its multi-gang task force as well as Southeast Asian officers from our department who are connected in the community, and our federal and state assets. The second phase of this operation will consist of healing the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall's announcement regarding launching an \"Asian gang task force\" came without any clear connections to Sunday's shooting. Police have found no gang connections to any of the victims, and have yet to provide any details suggesting the shooting was gang-related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don’t know as of now whether this was gang-related or motivated. We don’t. We do know we’ve had other gang-related or motivated shootings recently, that we have evidence to believe were involving Asian gang members,\" said Sgt. Adrian Alvarez, whose unit is part of the task force. \"This being an Asian family that was targeted, we’re trying to piece those pieces together and determine whether this was gang-related or not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mass shooting in a quiet, working-class neighborhood erupted in the midst of a low-key family event, Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is truly a good group of people who were simply having a party,” the chief said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's very devastating, very,” said Paula Yang, a friend of the homeowner, whose brother, Kou Xiong, died in the attack. “We don't know what to say to people, but we hope that the legal system will find justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the shooting has many in the community fearful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even right now, families are gathering inside saying, what can we do to protect our home from this day forward?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the third multiple shooting in four days in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, a 16-year-old boy armed with a handgun killed two students and wounded three others at his high school in the Los Angeles suburb of Santa Clarita before killing himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, a San Diego man in the midst of a divorce shot and killed his wife and three of their sons before killing himself. A fourth son was on life support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been eight mass killings in California so far this year, claiming the lives of 33 people, according to a database compiled by The Associated Press, USA Today and Northeastern University. That’s a dramatic increase from previous years, with eight mass killings in the state for all of 2016-2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase mirrors the national trend in 2019. There have been 39 mass killings this year in the United States, compared with 25 in 2018, according to the database, which tracks homicides where four or more people are killed, not including the offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting by Terence Chea and Olga R. Rodriguez of The Associated Press, and KQED's Alex Hall.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're coming for you,\" the police chief said of the attackers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This investigation is going to take two phases now,\" Chief Hall said. \"The first phase will be the establishment of an Asian gang task force. And this will be headed up by Deputy Chief Pat Farmer and Capt. Dennis Bridges. This will be a combined effort with the Fresno Police Department, its multi-gang task force as well as Southeast Asian officers from our department who are connected in the community, and our federal and state assets. The second phase of this operation will consist of healing the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall's announcement regarding launching an \"Asian gang task force\" came without any clear connections to Sunday's shooting. Police have found no gang connections to any of the victims, and have yet to provide any details suggesting the shooting was gang-related.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don’t know as of now whether this was gang-related or motivated. We don’t. We do know we’ve had other gang-related or motivated shootings recently, that we have evidence to believe were involving Asian gang members,\" said Sgt. Adrian Alvarez, whose unit is part of the task force. \"This being an Asian family that was targeted, we’re trying to piece those pieces together and determine whether this was gang-related or not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mass shooting in a quiet, working-class neighborhood erupted in the midst of a low-key family event, Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is truly a good group of people who were simply having a party,” the chief said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's very devastating, very,” said Paula Yang, a friend of the homeowner, whose brother, Kou Xiong, died in the attack. “We don't know what to say to people, but we hope that the legal system will find justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the shooting has many in the community fearful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even right now, families are gathering inside saying, what can we do to protect our home from this day forward?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the third multiple shooting in four days in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, a 16-year-old boy armed with a handgun killed two students and wounded three others at his high school in the Los Angeles suburb of Santa Clarita before killing himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, a San Diego man in the midst of a divorce shot and killed his wife and three of their sons before killing himself. A fourth son was on life support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been eight mass killings in California so far this year, claiming the lives of 33 people, according to a database compiled by The Associated Press, USA Today and Northeastern University. That’s a dramatic increase from previous years, with eight mass killings in the state for all of 2016-2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase mirrors the national trend in 2019. There have been 39 mass killings this year in the United States, compared with 25 in 2018, according to the database, which tracks homicides where four or more people are killed, not including the offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting by Terence Chea and Olga R. Rodriguez of The Associated Press, and KQED's Alex Hall.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Police Search for Suspects in Fresno Shooting That Left 4 Dead, 6 Wounded",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:05 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FRESNO — Police searched Monday for two assailants who sneaked into a backyard party in Fresno and opened fire while a small crowd watched football on television. Four people were killed and six wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house where a group of Hmong family and friends had gathered was deliberately targeted on Sunday evening, but the shooters fired at random once they saw men in the yard watching football, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They fired randomly into the crowd. It does not appear that they were targeting any individuals, and once they fired, they fled,” Fresno Police Chief Andrew Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said there was no immediate word on a motive, and so far there was no indication that any of the victims knew their attackers, though most could not see them, describing seeing only flashes when the semiautomatic pistols were fired. Officers went door-to-door looking for surveillance video that might help them track down suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The party “was not described as being out of control in any way. It was just a family event,” Hall said. The chief said the shooting scene was graphic and that officers are making the case a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a single focus within the organization, and this is not going to be tolerated in the Southeast (Asian) community or any other community in Fresno,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the nation’s highest population of Hmong, a Southeast Asian ethnic minority, and Fresno has the second-highest population in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men who died ranged in age from 21 to 40, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three were found dead when emergency crews arrived. A fourth person died at a hospital. Two remained hospitalized in stable condition Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chalexhall/status/1196508504640458752\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pao Yang, CEO of the Fresno Center, a Hmong community group, said two of the victims were well-known Hmong performers, including a man who sings for mental health clients monthly. He said community elders have reached out to the center for help in the wake of the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community is in mourning, and we still don’t know what’s going on, or who are the suspects,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said police were investigating whether the shooting was connected to a recent disturbance involving some of the people at the party. He also announced the establishment of an Asian gang task force ahead of the Hmong New Year, out of concern about the possibility of more violence or retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concepcion Soto, who has lived next door to the home where the shooting occurred for 12 years, said the family there was always friendly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would have parties in their backyard, but they wouldn’t play music. They would just drink and talk,” she said. “They have been very good neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents complained of other shootings in the neighborhood recently, though. The home where the attack took place is near an industrial area with commercial buildings near the Fresno airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calvin Gatison, who lives on the same block, said the street had been peaceful for years, but at least two shootings happened in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gatison said his street of single-family homes with manicured front yards is quiet during the week. On weekends, grandfathers can be seen playing with grandchildren in their front yards, while other neighbors host gatherings in their yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For something like this to happen in a quiet neighborhood, it scares you,” he said. “This is the third shooting I’ve heard since the middle of September.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choua Vang told the Fresno Bee that his neighbor’s house was shot at last week and that he feels unsafe outside after dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re thinking about moving out of the neighborhood,” he said. “We don’t know how many more shootings there will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was at least the second fatal gun attack Sunday in Fresno, the Bee reported. A man in his 20s was shot to death early Sunday at a home in another part of the city. Police have not said whether the incidents could be connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killings came after two other mass shootings in California in what has been an especially violent year for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, a 16-year-old student at a Southern California high school in the city of Santa Clarita outside Los Angeles shot and killed two classmates and wounded three other teens before shooting himself in the head. He died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Saturday, police in San Diego said a husband shot and killed his wife and three of their sons before killing himself. A fourth son wounded in the shooting was on life support on Sunday, family members said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jim Costa, a Democrat who represents the Fresno area in Congress, said he was saddened to hear of another shooting “this time in my own district.” He said in a statement that “thoughts and prayers are not enough!” and urged the Senate to take up gun-control legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been eight mass killings in California so far this year, claiming the lives of 33 people, according to a database compiled by The Associated Press, USA Today and Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a dramatic increase from previous years, with eight mass killings in the state for all of 2016-2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase mirrors the national trend in 2019. There have been 39 mass killings this year in the United States, compared with 25 in 2018, according to the database, which tracks homicides where four or more people are killed, not including the offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rodriguez reported from San Francisco. News researcher Rhonda Shafner in New York also contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:05 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FRESNO — Police searched Monday for two assailants who sneaked into a backyard party in Fresno and opened fire while a small crowd watched football on television. Four people were killed and six wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house where a group of Hmong family and friends had gathered was deliberately targeted on Sunday evening, but the shooters fired at random once they saw men in the yard watching football, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They fired randomly into the crowd. It does not appear that they were targeting any individuals, and once they fired, they fled,” Fresno Police Chief Andrew Hall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said there was no immediate word on a motive, and so far there was no indication that any of the victims knew their attackers, though most could not see them, describing seeing only flashes when the semiautomatic pistols were fired. Officers went door-to-door looking for surveillance video that might help them track down suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The party “was not described as being out of control in any way. It was just a family event,” Hall said. The chief said the shooting scene was graphic and that officers are making the case a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a single focus within the organization, and this is not going to be tolerated in the Southeast (Asian) community or any other community in Fresno,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the nation’s highest population of Hmong, a Southeast Asian ethnic minority, and Fresno has the second-highest population in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men who died ranged in age from 21 to 40, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three were found dead when emergency crews arrived. A fourth person died at a hospital. Two remained hospitalized in stable condition Monday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Pao Yang, CEO of the Fresno Center, a Hmong community group, said two of the victims were well-known Hmong performers, including a man who sings for mental health clients monthly. He said community elders have reached out to the center for help in the wake of the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community is in mourning, and we still don’t know what’s going on, or who are the suspects,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said police were investigating whether the shooting was connected to a recent disturbance involving some of the people at the party. He also announced the establishment of an Asian gang task force ahead of the Hmong New Year, out of concern about the possibility of more violence or retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concepcion Soto, who has lived next door to the home where the shooting occurred for 12 years, said the family there was always friendly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would have parties in their backyard, but they wouldn’t play music. They would just drink and talk,” she said. “They have been very good neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents complained of other shootings in the neighborhood recently, though. The home where the attack took place is near an industrial area with commercial buildings near the Fresno airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calvin Gatison, who lives on the same block, said the street had been peaceful for years, but at least two shootings happened in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gatison said his street of single-family homes with manicured front yards is quiet during the week. On weekends, grandfathers can be seen playing with grandchildren in their front yards, while other neighbors host gatherings in their yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For something like this to happen in a quiet neighborhood, it scares you,” he said. “This is the third shooting I’ve heard since the middle of September.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Choua Vang told the Fresno Bee that his neighbor’s house was shot at last week and that he feels unsafe outside after dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re thinking about moving out of the neighborhood,” he said. “We don’t know how many more shootings there will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was at least the second fatal gun attack Sunday in Fresno, the Bee reported. A man in his 20s was shot to death early Sunday at a home in another part of the city. Police have not said whether the incidents could be connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killings came after two other mass shootings in California in what has been an especially violent year for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, a 16-year-old student at a Southern California high school in the city of Santa Clarita outside Los Angeles shot and killed two classmates and wounded three other teens before shooting himself in the head. He died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on Saturday, police in San Diego said a husband shot and killed his wife and three of their sons before killing himself. A fourth son wounded in the shooting was on life support on Sunday, family members said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jim Costa, a Democrat who represents the Fresno area in Congress, said he was saddened to hear of another shooting “this time in my own district.” He said in a statement that “thoughts and prayers are not enough!” and urged the Senate to take up gun-control legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been eight mass killings in California so far this year, claiming the lives of 33 people, according to a database compiled by The Associated Press, USA Today and Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a dramatic increase from previous years, with eight mass killings in the state for all of 2016-2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase mirrors the national trend in 2019. There have been 39 mass killings this year in the United States, compared with 25 in 2018, according to the database, which tracks homicides where four or more people are killed, not including the offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rodriguez reported from San Francisco. News researcher Rhonda Shafner in New York also contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]ith his left arm wrapped around the neck of Humberto Martinez, Pittsburg police Officer Ernesto Mejia began to squeeze. Mejia would later testify that to subdue the struggling Martinez, he was attempting a carotid — or “sleeper” — hold designed to briefly cut off blood flow to the brain and render a person unconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the carotid arteries on either side of Martinez’s neck weren’t the only thing Mejia restricted with his execution of the difficult and controversial technique: An autopsy found he’d cut off Martinez’s breathing and fractured cartilage in his throat, causing “extensive hemorrhages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez’s 2016 death echoes the case of Eric Garner, the New York City man whose final words, “I can’t breathe,” as a police officer choked him in 2014, became a rallying cry for a national movement opposing police use of excessive force against people of color. The Garner incident also spurred widespread debate about the danger of neck restraints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Pittsburg, police never investigated how Mejia’s carotid hold had turned deadly or analyzed what Mejia and the officers with him might have done differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new state transparency law, Senate Bill 1421, that’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">opened internal investigation documents\u003c/a> for the first time in decades, is providing a key insight into the long-hidden world of California policing: Not all agencies review how their officers acted — and whether they violated department policies — when they kill or badly injure someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some sort of review of those incidents is set to become standard practice in California beginning in 2021, thanks to another new state law, but that legislation sets no standards for thoroughness or documentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED and the Bay Area News Group analyzed records on officers’ use of deadly force released by 122 agencies statewide, and found that 10% failed to internally investigate incidents that occurred between 2014 and 2018. The incidents included 16 fatal shootings, three deaths following fights with officers, and nine nonfatal events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For departments that did investigate uses of force, documents show a stark range of thoroughness, from a scant single-page checklist to an in-depth analysis of whether officers followed their training, used correct tactics and employed deadly force only as a last resort. Some of the most thorough departments ordered more training and held officers accountable if they failed to follow policy.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ronald Lawrence, \u003cbr>California Police Chiefs Association President\"]‘It would floor me if an agency didn’t do a robust investigation.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A comprehensive analysis of the more than 500 law enforcement agencies in the state is not yet possible; some departments did not have a deadly incident during that five-year period and others have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758000/delaying-the-inevitable-many-police-agencies-withhold-records-in-new-era-of-transparency\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">not provided\u003c/a> relevant records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg Police Chief Brian Addington wouldn’t say why an internal review was never done in the Martinez case, citing a federal civil rights \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/news/11595056/family-files-wrongful-death-lawsuit-against-pittsburg-police-department\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit\u003c/a> over his death. Mejia didn’t return messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents show Mejia was patrolling an area known for drug activity when he stopped Martinez, 36, for driving a car with expired tags on July 26, 2016. Police body-camera footage shows that Martinez bolted into a nearby home, unarmed. There, four other officers struggled to handcuff the 6’2” 285-pound man who was violently resisting them, tasing, stomping, kneeing and punching him as Mejia squeezed his neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After they finally cuffed him, one officer called out, “Hey, he’s going purple.” Martinez’s heart had stopped. Efforts to revive him failed. He died less than two hours later at a Concord hospital. Besides the throat injuries, an autopsy would show that the officers had broken 16 of his ribs and bruised his head and liver. It also showed Martinez had both methamphetamine and amphetamine in his system and had been drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/esdYJJ-4vsA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>VIEWER DISCRETION ADVISED: Body-camera footage from multiple officers show Mejia struggling to subdue Martinez. This video was edited for brevity and language. Pittsburg police blurred Martinez’s face before releasing footage.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That some agencies don’t document internal investigations of deadly incidents — or simply don’t do them at all — surprised some state law enforcement leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would floor me if an agency didn’t do a robust investigation” of a deadly incident involving its officers, said Ronald Lawrence, president of the California Police Chiefs Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A department’s procedures on such investigations reveal much about its professional standards, said Dennis Kenney, a professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A careful, well-documented probe indicates a department is serious about using force correctly and only when absolutely necessary, but the absence of records shows that some departments have a culture of “we’re going to stick our heads in the sand and hope it goes away,” Kenney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of basic requirements for police internal investigations is reflected in reporters’ findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Twelve departments didn’t investigate incidents in which their officers used deadly force at all, including San Jose State University police, who didn’t examine the 2014 high-profile \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731896/san-jose-state-releases-previously-withheld-footage-of-fatal-police-shooting\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">fatal shooting\u003c/a> of a mentally ill man, Antonio Guzman Lopez, by two of its officers. A school spokeswoman said one wasn’t needed because prosecutors investigated the case and found no criminal wrongdoing. But video of the incident raised questions about whether Guzman Lopez was truly a threat to officers.[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Three departments — Orland, Dixon and Suisun City — said they lost records of their policy findings regarding a shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Avenal police in Kings County created internal review documents 11 days after receiving the news agencies’ request for the missing records related to two 2017 deadly shootings. The police chief declined to explain his department’s internal investigation protocols. Both incidents were found to be “in policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• One hundred and five departments did some kind of review, but many showed no documented analysis or recommendations. For example, Yreka police in Siskiyou County “did not follow the standard (internal affairs) procedure” when officers fatally shot a man because “no citizens complaint was ever filed” and no allegations of wrongdoing were brought, a captain wrote to the department’s chief. “No questions were ever asked by the Yreka Police Department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11786976\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-800x812.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-800x812.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-160x162.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-1020x1035.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-1183x1200.jpg 1183w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719.jpg 1636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for California’s Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training wrote in an email that police departments aren’t required by law to look at deadly incidents, but they’d “be exposed to tremendous liability” by failing to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the lack of a mandate, police trainer Gary Gregson, who spent seven of his 30 years as a Sacramento officer working in internal affairs, said every agency should examine what cops might have done wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole process is not only about managing risk and liability; it’s an opportunity for the organization to make itself better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if Pittsburg police had investigated Martinez’s death, they might have raised questions about whether Mejia understood the hold he tried to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put him in a chokehold,” Mejia said to his supervising sergeant as medical personnel tried to revive Martinez, body-camera video shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sgt. James Terry was quick to suggest a different term: “In the carotid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the carotid,” Mejia repeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those terms have very different meanings, said Jim Boydd, a former police officer who now trains cops on how to safely use what’s often called a “carotid hold” or “sleeper hold,” although Boydd’s preferred term is a “vascular neck restraint.” In that hold, an officer applies pressure to arteries on the sides of the neck, restricting blood flow to the brain, causing the person to pass out. It is not considered deadly force because it’s intended only to restrain a suspect, not kill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boydd wouldn’t comment on specific cases but said if done correctly, the carotid hold doesn’t block the airway. “The person has to maintain the ability to breathe, obviously,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789264\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-800x895.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"895\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11789264\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-800x895.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-160x179.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-1020x1141.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-1073x1200.jpg 1073w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeff Durham/Bay Area News Group)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A chokehold does the opposite, applying direct pressure to the front of the throat, Boydd said, and cutting off breathing. That hold can be deadly and isn’t supposed to be used unless an officer’s life is in immediate danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor who performed Martinez’s autopsy testified in court that the man’s airway was obstructed for four to six minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Haddad, a lawyer for Martinez’s family, said in an interview he suspects Pittsburg didn’t investigate because police feared a finding that Mejia broke use-of-force rules could be used in a lawsuit. He said the department’s failure to properly train officers in the risky technique amounts to deliberate indifference. And, he said, the department can’t correct mistakes if it doesn’t look for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They seem to be making no effort to try to prevent something similar from happening to someone else,” Haddad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg’s attorneys argued in court documents that Mejia properly applied the carotid hold and pointed to Martinez’s drug use and weight as contributing factors in his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez’s death wasn’t the only one attributed to suffocation by a cop, news organizations found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Wendell Celestine, 37, died during a violent struggle with Antioch police officers Mark Moraga and Michael Mortimer. The officers were trying to arrest Celestine, who had a history of grand theft, robbery and drug crimes dating to 1996, for a parole violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records of the incident released under SB 1421 state that Mortimer hit Celestine repeatedly with a flashlight. Moraga used a carotid hold until Celestine passed out. He regained consciousness and began struggling as the cops tried to place him in a restraint device. Then Celestine stopped breathing. The coroner found his death was caused by “mechanical obstruction of respiration (‘suffocation’)” due to “carotid restraint hold by police while resisting arrest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786979\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 275px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11786979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-160x187.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-160x187.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-800x933.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-1020x1190.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-1029x1200.jpg 1029w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wendell Celestine, 37, died during a violent struggle with Antioch police officers Mark Moraga and Michael Mortimer in 2016. \u003ccite>(Via Antioch Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The records did not include evidence that the department ever conducted a use-of-force review. Antioch Police Chief Tammany Brooks said in an email that his department does “review” deadly incidents, but doesn’t document any findings unless it receives a formal complaint or investigators think a policy might have been violated. Celestine’s asphyxiation death didn’t prompt such an investigation, nor did eight shootings by Antioch cops from 2014 to 2018, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks at first agreed to an interview but then decided to postpone indefinitely. He wrote in an email that he “recalled a number of our policies are currently undergoing review and updates, including policies potentially involved with this topic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg police have since changed their policies; the department now reviews all deadly-force incidents and documents findings. Addington said in “the vast majority of the cases we identify something that we could maybe look at differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this policy change, Pittsburg, like most of the other agencies found to lack internal investigations, simply relied on criminal investigations done by the county district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, when police in the Monterey County town of Marina were asked for investigative records of a deadly 2015 shooting, they responded by email that internal investigations are “conducted by the District Attorney’s Office,” not the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But prosecutors have a different focus: whether an officer committed a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Monterey County Assistant District Attorney Anne Michaels made that clear in the report she wrote on the 2015 Marina shooting: The DA’s scope “is not to advise best practices for law enforcement in the field, but rather to determine whether any officer committed a crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” She found the Marina officer was legally justified when he shot and killed a man who’d just stabbed his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even a legally justified shooting can provide vital tactical lessons, said former internal affairs investigator Gregson. Sometimes it’s learning how deadly force might have been avoided, or identifying what went right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telling officers fresh from a violent situation that they made good decisions can be “huge” for them, Gregson said, and is “an important thing for officers to be able to hear.”[aside postID=\"news_11786495,news_11762733,news_11755384\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/Police-Art_1.gif\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Walker, an emeritus professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha, said California’s move toward transparency will help bring it into an era of more modern policing, one where “proactive departments will get answers and solve problems,” he said, such as: “Are there bad cops? Are there bad policies?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents released so far under SB 1421 show departments that ask those questions sometimes find serious training issues and address them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 incident, Daly City Officer Peter Nelson shot and wounded a domestic violence suspect who was stabbing himself with a pen. The officer was at first publicly commended for his actions, but documents show he was later \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758809/from-commendation-to-reprimand-discipline-in-daly-city-police-shooting-revealed\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">formally reprimanded\u003c/a> for violating department policy by trying to shoot the pen out of the man’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Officer Andrew Van Woerkom of the El Cajon Police Department in San Diego County was among a group of officers who responded to a suicidal man holding a knife. One of the other officers had a bean-bag gun, giving police a less-lethal option to subdue him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Van Woerkom shot and wounded the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were two sergeants on scene and clearly, neither expected Van Woerkom to use deadly force,” a captain later wrote of the officer’s actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its post-incident review, the department found the shooting complied with policy because Van Woerkom said he thought the man posed a deadly threat, according to records obtained by the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an investigator also recommended Van Woerkom receive specific training in decision-making and de-escalation. All the department’s officers received additional training on less-lethal options, dealing with suicidal people, and clearer communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, California police departments will not have a choice of whether to investigate deadly force. A new law, Senate Bill 230, that law enforcement groups backed, requires agencies to review all instances when an officer discharges a firearm and have a policy outlining factors to examine anytime an officer uses force. The law goes into effect Jan. 1, but most of its requirements aren’t effective until 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence, of the state Police Chiefs Association, said he’s hopeful the new law will help standardize police policies and documentation around use-of-force investigations. But without benchmarks that define what a thorough “review” must look like, it is unclear what will actually change. And Lawrence said he and other police leaders don’t even have a good idea of what most agencies are doing right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truth of the matter is we don’t know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nate Gartrell and Robert Salonga of the Bay Area News Group contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786993\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-800x777.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-1020x990.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a>, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/slewis\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sukey Lewis\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/author/thomas-peele/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Peele\u003c/a>\u003cbr />KQED and Bay Area News Group",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ith his left arm wrapped around the neck of Humberto Martinez, Pittsburg police Officer Ernesto Mejia began to squeeze. Mejia would later testify that to subdue the struggling Martinez, he was attempting a carotid — or “sleeper” — hold designed to briefly cut off blood flow to the brain and render a person unconscious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the carotid arteries on either side of Martinez’s neck weren’t the only thing Mejia restricted with his execution of the difficult and controversial technique: An autopsy found he’d cut off Martinez’s breathing and fractured cartilage in his throat, causing “extensive hemorrhages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez’s 2016 death echoes the case of Eric Garner, the New York City man whose final words, “I can’t breathe,” as a police officer choked him in 2014, became a rallying cry for a national movement opposing police use of excessive force against people of color. The Garner incident also spurred widespread debate about the danger of neck restraints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Pittsburg, police never investigated how Mejia’s carotid hold had turned deadly or analyzed what Mejia and the officers with him might have done differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new state transparency law, Senate Bill 1421, that’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">opened internal investigation documents\u003c/a> for the first time in decades, is providing a key insight into the long-hidden world of California policing: Not all agencies review how their officers acted — and whether they violated department policies — when they kill or badly injure someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some sort of review of those incidents is set to become standard practice in California beginning in 2021, thanks to another new state law, but that legislation sets no standards for thoroughness or documentation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED and the Bay Area News Group analyzed records on officers’ use of deadly force released by 122 agencies statewide, and found that 10% failed to internally investigate incidents that occurred between 2014 and 2018. The incidents included 16 fatal shootings, three deaths following fights with officers, and nine nonfatal events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For departments that did investigate uses of force, documents show a stark range of thoroughness, from a scant single-page checklist to an in-depth analysis of whether officers followed their training, used correct tactics and employed deadly force only as a last resort. Some of the most thorough departments ordered more training and held officers accountable if they failed to follow policy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It would floor me if an agency didn’t do a robust investigation.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A comprehensive analysis of the more than 500 law enforcement agencies in the state is not yet possible; some departments did not have a deadly incident during that five-year period and others have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758000/delaying-the-inevitable-many-police-agencies-withhold-records-in-new-era-of-transparency\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">not provided\u003c/a> relevant records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg Police Chief Brian Addington wouldn’t say why an internal review was never done in the Martinez case, citing a federal civil rights \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/news/11595056/family-files-wrongful-death-lawsuit-against-pittsburg-police-department\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit\u003c/a> over his death. Mejia didn’t return messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents show Mejia was patrolling an area known for drug activity when he stopped Martinez, 36, for driving a car with expired tags on July 26, 2016. Police body-camera footage shows that Martinez bolted into a nearby home, unarmed. There, four other officers struggled to handcuff the 6’2” 285-pound man who was violently resisting them, tasing, stomping, kneeing and punching him as Mejia squeezed his neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After they finally cuffed him, one officer called out, “Hey, he’s going purple.” Martinez’s heart had stopped. Efforts to revive him failed. He died less than two hours later at a Concord hospital. Besides the throat injuries, an autopsy would show that the officers had broken 16 of his ribs and bruised his head and liver. It also showed Martinez had both methamphetamine and amphetamine in his system and had been drinking.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/esdYJJ-4vsA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/esdYJJ-4vsA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>VIEWER DISCRETION ADVISED: Body-camera footage from multiple officers show Mejia struggling to subdue Martinez. This video was edited for brevity and language. Pittsburg police blurred Martinez’s face before releasing footage.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That some agencies don’t document internal investigations of deadly incidents — or simply don’t do them at all — surprised some state law enforcement leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would floor me if an agency didn’t do a robust investigation” of a deadly incident involving its officers, said Ronald Lawrence, president of the California Police Chiefs Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A department’s procedures on such investigations reveal much about its professional standards, said Dennis Kenney, a professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A careful, well-documented probe indicates a department is serious about using force correctly and only when absolutely necessary, but the absence of records shows that some departments have a culture of “we’re going to stick our heads in the sand and hope it goes away,” Kenney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of basic requirements for police internal investigations is reflected in reporters’ findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Twelve departments didn’t investigate incidents in which their officers used deadly force at all, including San Jose State University police, who didn’t examine the 2014 high-profile \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731896/san-jose-state-releases-previously-withheld-footage-of-fatal-police-shooting\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">fatal shooting\u003c/a> of a mentally ill man, Antonio Guzman Lopez, by two of its officers. A school spokeswoman said one wasn’t needed because prosecutors investigated the case and found no criminal wrongdoing. But video of the incident raised questions about whether Guzman Lopez was truly a threat to officers.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Three departments — Orland, Dixon and Suisun City — said they lost records of their policy findings regarding a shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Avenal police in Kings County created internal review documents 11 days after receiving the news agencies’ request for the missing records related to two 2017 deadly shootings. The police chief declined to explain his department’s internal investigation protocols. Both incidents were found to be “in policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• One hundred and five departments did some kind of review, but many showed no documented analysis or recommendations. For example, Yreka police in Siskiyou County “did not follow the standard (internal affairs) procedure” when officers fatally shot a man because “no citizens complaint was ever filed” and no allegations of wrongdoing were brought, a captain wrote to the department’s chief. “No questions were ever asked by the Yreka Police Department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11786976\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-800x812.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-800x812.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-160x162.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-1020x1035.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719-1183x1200.jpg 1183w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/INVESTIGATE-list-111719.jpg 1636w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for California’s Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training wrote in an email that police departments aren’t required by law to look at deadly incidents, but they’d “be exposed to tremendous liability” by failing to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the lack of a mandate, police trainer Gary Gregson, who spent seven of his 30 years as a Sacramento officer working in internal affairs, said every agency should examine what cops might have done wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole process is not only about managing risk and liability; it’s an opportunity for the organization to make itself better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if Pittsburg police had investigated Martinez’s death, they might have raised questions about whether Mejia understood the hold he tried to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put him in a chokehold,” Mejia said to his supervising sergeant as medical personnel tried to revive Martinez, body-camera video shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sgt. James Terry was quick to suggest a different term: “In the carotid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the carotid,” Mejia repeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those terms have very different meanings, said Jim Boydd, a former police officer who now trains cops on how to safely use what’s often called a “carotid hold” or “sleeper hold,” although Boydd’s preferred term is a “vascular neck restraint.” In that hold, an officer applies pressure to arteries on the sides of the neck, restricting blood flow to the brain, causing the person to pass out. It is not considered deadly force because it’s intended only to restrain a suspect, not kill them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boydd wouldn’t comment on specific cases but said if done correctly, the carotid hold doesn’t block the airway. “The person has to maintain the ability to breathe, obviously,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11789264\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-800x895.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"895\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11789264\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-800x895.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-160x179.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-1020x1141.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1-1073x1200.jpg 1073w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Carotid-Explainer-Graphic-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeff Durham/Bay Area News Group)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A chokehold does the opposite, applying direct pressure to the front of the throat, Boydd said, and cutting off breathing. That hold can be deadly and isn’t supposed to be used unless an officer’s life is in immediate danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctor who performed Martinez’s autopsy testified in court that the man’s airway was obstructed for four to six minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Haddad, a lawyer for Martinez’s family, said in an interview he suspects Pittsburg didn’t investigate because police feared a finding that Mejia broke use-of-force rules could be used in a lawsuit. He said the department’s failure to properly train officers in the risky technique amounts to deliberate indifference. And, he said, the department can’t correct mistakes if it doesn’t look for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They seem to be making no effort to try to prevent something similar from happening to someone else,” Haddad said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg’s attorneys argued in court documents that Mejia properly applied the carotid hold and pointed to Martinez’s drug use and weight as contributing factors in his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez’s death wasn’t the only one attributed to suffocation by a cop, news organizations found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Wendell Celestine, 37, died during a violent struggle with Antioch police officers Mark Moraga and Michael Mortimer. The officers were trying to arrest Celestine, who had a history of grand theft, robbery and drug crimes dating to 1996, for a parole violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Records of the incident released under SB 1421 state that Mortimer hit Celestine repeatedly with a flashlight. Moraga used a carotid hold until Celestine passed out. He regained consciousness and began struggling as the cops tried to place him in a restraint device. Then Celestine stopped breathing. The coroner found his death was caused by “mechanical obstruction of respiration (‘suffocation’)” due to “carotid restraint hold by police while resisting arrest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786979\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 275px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11786979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-160x187.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-160x187.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-800x933.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-1020x1190.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine-1029x1200.jpg 1029w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Wendell-Celestine.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wendell Celestine, 37, died during a violent struggle with Antioch police officers Mark Moraga and Michael Mortimer in 2016. \u003ccite>(Via Antioch Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The records did not include evidence that the department ever conducted a use-of-force review. Antioch Police Chief Tammany Brooks said in an email that his department does “review” deadly incidents, but doesn’t document any findings unless it receives a formal complaint or investigators think a policy might have been violated. Celestine’s asphyxiation death didn’t prompt such an investigation, nor did eight shootings by Antioch cops from 2014 to 2018, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks at first agreed to an interview but then decided to postpone indefinitely. He wrote in an email that he “recalled a number of our policies are currently undergoing review and updates, including policies potentially involved with this topic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittsburg police have since changed their policies; the department now reviews all deadly-force incidents and documents findings. Addington said in “the vast majority of the cases we identify something that we could maybe look at differently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this policy change, Pittsburg, like most of the other agencies found to lack internal investigations, simply relied on criminal investigations done by the county district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, when police in the Monterey County town of Marina were asked for investigative records of a deadly 2015 shooting, they responded by email that internal investigations are “conducted by the District Attorney’s Office,” not the police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But prosecutors have a different focus: whether an officer committed a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Monterey County Assistant District Attorney Anne Michaels made that clear in the report she wrote on the 2015 Marina shooting: The DA’s scope “is not to advise best practices for law enforcement in the field, but rather to determine whether any officer committed a crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” She found the Marina officer was legally justified when he shot and killed a man who’d just stabbed his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even a legally justified shooting can provide vital tactical lessons, said former internal affairs investigator Gregson. Sometimes it’s learning how deadly force might have been avoided, or identifying what went right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telling officers fresh from a violent situation that they made good decisions can be “huge” for them, Gregson said, and is “an important thing for officers to be able to hear.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Walker, an emeritus professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha, said California’s move toward transparency will help bring it into an era of more modern policing, one where “proactive departments will get answers and solve problems,” he said, such as: “Are there bad cops? Are there bad policies?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents released so far under SB 1421 show departments that ask those questions sometimes find serious training issues and address them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 incident, Daly City Officer Peter Nelson shot and wounded a domestic violence suspect who was stabbing himself with a pen. The officer was at first publicly commended for his actions, but documents show he was later \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11758809/from-commendation-to-reprimand-discipline-in-daly-city-police-shooting-revealed\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">formally reprimanded\u003c/a> for violating department policy by trying to shoot the pen out of the man’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Officer Andrew Van Woerkom of the El Cajon Police Department in San Diego County was among a group of officers who responded to a suicidal man holding a knife. One of the other officers had a bean-bag gun, giving police a less-lethal option to subdue him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Van Woerkom shot and wounded the man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were two sergeants on scene and clearly, neither expected Van Woerkom to use deadly force,” a captain later wrote of the officer’s actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its post-incident review, the department found the shooting complied with policy because Van Woerkom said he thought the man posed a deadly threat, according to records obtained by the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an investigator also recommended Van Woerkom receive specific training in decision-making and de-escalation. All the department’s officers received additional training on less-lethal options, dealing with suicidal people, and clearer communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, California police departments will not have a choice of whether to investigate deadly force. A new law, Senate Bill 230, that law enforcement groups backed, requires agencies to review all instances when an officer discharges a firearm and have a policy outlining factors to examine anytime an officer uses force. The law goes into effect Jan. 1, but most of its requirements aren’t effective until 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence, of the state Police Chiefs Association, said he’s hopeful the new law will help standardize police policies and documentation around use-of-force investigations. But without benchmarks that define what a thorough “review” must look like, it is unclear what will actually change. And Lawrence said he and other police leaders don’t even have a good idea of what most agencies are doing right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The truth of the matter is we don’t know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nate Gartrell and Robert Salonga of the Bay Area News Group contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786993\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-800x777.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-1020x990.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a>, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Internal records released to KQED \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/32MM7cX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reveal numerous cases\u003c/a> of correctional officers in California sexually abusing female prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 5,000 women incarcerated in the state's prison system and surprisingly, only about a third of the guards in those prisons are women themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate advocates recommend that the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation hire only female guards for areas where women in custody change, bathe and sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stopping sexual harassment and assault in prisons is obviously going to take a lot more than that, but it's a start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco District Attorney-Elect Chesa Boudin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last Saturday, Deputy Public Defender Chesa Boudin declared victory in the close contest to elect San Francisco’s next district attorney. The race was too close to call on election night. But after four days of counting ballots, Suzy Loftus, who was appointed as interim district attorney by Mayor London Breed just weeks before the election, conceded to Boudin. Bernie Sanders congratulated Boudin on his victory, illustrating the national attention the race garnered and signifying that criminal justice reforms appear to be resonating with voters after decades of prison overcrowding and tough-on-crime initiatives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chesa Boudin, San Francisco district attorney-elect\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diplomats and Dueling Narratives: Televised Impeachment Hearings Begin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week, House Democrats kicked off two days of public hearings in their impeachment investigation of President Trump. On Friday, the former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, Marie Yovanovitch, testified on Capitol Hill. She described the personal toll of being the target of a smear campaign led by Trump’s personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, that led to her removal and that she felt threatened by the president. During her testimony, Trump tweeted disparaging remarks about her and defended her dismissal. On Wednesday, two other career diplomats, George Kent and William Taylor Jr., also appeared before the committee, describing a shadow diplomatic effort led by Giuliani to pressure Ukraine to investigate Trump’s political rivals. GOP lawmakers accused them of political bias and dismissed their accounts as hearsay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ron Elving, senior editor and White House correspondent, NPR\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Thanksgiving\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In less than two weeks, millions of friends and family will gather at dinner tables across America for Thanksgiving. Forty-six million turkeys will be gobbled up on the big day, according to the National Turkey Federation, a trade group representing turkey farmers and processors. But this year, sides may steal the Instagram spotlight from this finicky bird that takes hours or even days, depending on whether a brine is used, to cook expertly. And in a state as big and diverse as California, some immigrant communities are finding ways to fuse this fall feast with the flavors and traditions from their homelands. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ellen Fort, food editor, Sunset Magazine\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gil Payumo, co-owner and chef, Se\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ñor\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sisig \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco District Attorney-Elect Chesa Boudin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last Saturday, Deputy Public Defender Chesa Boudin declared victory in the close contest to elect San Francisco’s next district attorney. The race was too close to call on election night. But after four days of counting ballots, Suzy Loftus, who was appointed as interim district attorney by Mayor London Breed just weeks before the election, conceded to Boudin. Bernie Sanders congratulated Boudin on his victory, illustrating the national attention the race garnered and signifying that criminal justice reforms appear to be resonating with voters after decades of prison overcrowding and tough-on-crime initiatives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chesa Boudin, San Francisco district attorney-elect\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diplomats and Dueling Narratives: Televised Impeachment Hearings Begin\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week, House Democrats kicked off two days of public hearings in their impeachment investigation of President Trump. On Friday, the former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, Marie Yovanovitch, testified on Capitol Hill. She described the personal toll of being the target of a smear campaign led by Trump’s personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, that led to her removal and that she felt threatened by the president. During her testimony, Trump tweeted disparaging remarks about her and defended her dismissal. On Wednesday, two other career diplomats, George Kent and William Taylor Jr., also appeared before the committee, describing a shadow diplomatic effort led by Giuliani to pressure Ukraine to investigate Trump’s political rivals. GOP lawmakers accused them of political bias and dismissed their accounts as hearsay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ron Elving, senior editor and White House correspondent, NPR\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Thanksgiving\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In less than two weeks, millions of friends and family will gather at dinner tables across America for Thanksgiving. Forty-six million turkeys will be gobbled up on the big day, according to the National Turkey Federation, a trade group representing turkey farmers and processors. But this year, sides may steal the Instagram spotlight from this finicky bird that takes hours or even days, depending on whether a brine is used, to cook expertly. And in a state as big and diverse as California, some immigrant communities are finding ways to fuse this fall feast with the flavors and traditions from their homelands. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Ambassador Yovanovitch: Trump Comments In July Call Felt Like A 'Threat'",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine told Congress on Friday she was recalled after a smear campaign led by President Trump’s allies — and Trump criticized her on Twitter even as she testified live on television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch appeared at Democrats’ second open impeachment hearing to discuss her career and the circumstances under which her posting to Kyiv was prematurely halted earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump posted \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1195356198347956224\">two tweets\u003c/a> about Yovanovitch during the session that linked her to problems in the troubled countries in which she had been posted and restated the president’s power to appoint and remove diplomats as he wishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1195356198347956224\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff, D-Calif., paused the testimony to read Yovanovitch portions of the tweets during the hearing. He asked what effect she thought it might have on witnesses’ willingness to come forward and expose wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very intimidating,” she said, although Yovanovitch said she couldn’t address what Trump’s intentions might have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responded Schiff: “Well, I want to let you know, Ambassador, that some of us here take witness intimidation very, very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/DbW-A96UIm8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chairman repeated his warning to reporters during a break in the hearing. Afterward, Schiff linked what he called the intimidation with an “incriminating” pattern of conduct by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an unrelated event at the White House on health care prices, Trump told reporters that he had been exercising his “freedom of speech” and did not feel that he had been intimidating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have the right to speak,” Trump said. “I have freedom of speech just as other people do. But they’ve taken away the Republicans’ rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Witness about early phase of saga\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch was a key witness about the earliest phase of the Ukraine affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lost her post in Ukraine’s capital, Kyiv, earlier this year after what has been described as a smear campaign by Trump’s attorney, Rudy Giuliani, and associates \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/771849041/how-a-complicated-web-connects-2-soviet-born-businessmen-with-the-impeachment-in\">Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman\u003c/a>, witnesses have told House investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three worked with Ukraine’s then-Prosecutor General Yuri Lutsenko to spread what Yovanovitch called lies about her, including that she was disloyal to Trump and that she had given Lutsenko a list of Ukrainians she didn’t want prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parnas and Fruman have been arrested and charged with violating U.S. campaign finance law; \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/772650522/giuliani-associates-plead-not-guilty-to-charges-of-making-illegal-campaign-donat\">they have pleaded not guilty\u003c/a>. An attorney for Parnas has told NPR he’s open to working with congressional impeachment investigators, but the outlines of that aren’t clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors may be investigating whether Giuliani stood to profit from a natural gas business linked with Parnas and Fruman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/federal-prosecutors-probe-giulianis-links-to-ukrainian-energy-projects-11573837576?mod=hp_lead_pos6\">The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile at the Capitol, Schiff said that Yovanovitch’s ouster was a necessary prologue to the main story about Ukraine — that Trump and Giuliani had to push her out of the way to put in place the shadow lane for communication they wanted outside of officialdom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting rid of Ambassador Yovanovitch helped set the stage for an irregular channel that could pursue the two investigations that mattered so much to the president: the 2016 conspiracy theory, and most important, an investigation into the 2020 political opponent he apparently feared most, Joe Biden,” Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Military assistance for Ukraine was frozen by the White House for a period of weeks this summer, then released. Ukraine’s president, however, never made the public commitment for investigations that intermediaries have said they sought on Trump’s behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risk seen to U.S. diplomacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch warned Congress on Friday that the precedent set by her recall from Ukraine weakened Washington’s ability to work with developing nations around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has set an example for countries seeking to build institutions and fight corruption, Yovanovitch said — but her ouster showed that enemies in Ukraine could exploit American officials to get rid of someone they disliked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How could our system fail like this? How is it that foreign corrupt interests could manipulate our government?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch acknowledged that Trump has the power to appoint and remove diplomats as he pleases, but she argued that if an American representative can be “kneecapped” for political reasons, it dilutes U.S. power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shady interests the world over have learned how little it takes to remove an American ambassador who does not give them what they want,” Yovanovitch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch already has talked with investigators; read her \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6538626-Marie-Yovanovitch-Testimony\">closed-door deposition here\u003c/a>. Her opening statement Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/15/779674990/read-former-ukraine-ambassador-yovanovitchs-opening-statement-to-congress\">is available here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“I saw it as a threat”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some State Department officials have said they objected to what they saw happening, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo agreed to end Yovanovitch’s tenure early and spurned requests to defend her in public, witnesses have said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pompeo’s adviser, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/04/776075712/read-ex-state-department-adviser-michael-mckinleys-testimony-to-congress\">Michael McKinley\u003c/a>, faulted what he called Pompeo’s willingness to sell out a career diplomat and resigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch said Friday that she lamented that Pompeo has declined to acknowledge that attacks on the foreign service are “dangerously wrong” and impair America’s ability to work its will overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also was asked what she made of the account released by the White House in which Trump is described as telling Ukraine’s president that “things were going to happen to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw it as a threat,” Yovanovitch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Case for the defense\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans emphasized Yovanovitch’s tangential involvement in the central narrative and repeated that Trump has broad powers to replace any ambassador — and many other officials — within the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intelligence Committee ranking member Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Calif., underscored that Yovanovitch hasn’t spoken to Trump, acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney or other people central to the Ukraine affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes said he didn’t have many questions and he asked, rhetorically, why Yovanovitch was even before the committee. These impeachment proceedings are about pure political animus toward Trump, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes mocked Democrats’ desire to “fulfill their Watergate fantasies” and called the first hearing, on Wednesday, a “farce” based on hearsay and “rumors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulvaney earlier argued that the impeachment case boils down to complaints by the foreign policy establishment about Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the administration works for the president, foreign policy is necessarily political, and, Mulvaney said, critics need to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/770979659/watch-white-house-holds-now-rare-press-briefing-amid-impeachment-syria-conflicts\">get over it\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican counsel Steve Castor also underscored with Yovanovitch, as he did with earlier witnesses, that corruption in Ukraine remains a real problem and that at least one big case involving the gas company Burisma hadn’t been resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That company added to its board the son of then-Vice President Biden; Trump sought an investigation into the Biden family, and his defenders have sought to draw attention to that aspect of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bidens haven’t been accused of breaking the law, but Trump and others continue to raise questions about Hunter Biden’s payments by the Ukrainian company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. John Ratcliffe, R-Texas, asked Yovanovitch whether she agreed that Hunter Biden’s tenure on the Ukrainian company’s board might have created the appearance of a conflict of interest; she said she thought it may have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Afternoon deposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Friday, investigators were to hear behind closed doors from foreign service official David Holmes, a comparative newcomer in the Ukraine drama who could prove an important witness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes is understood to have been with a top diplomat, Ambassador Gordon Sondland, at a restaurant when Sondland got a call from Trump on his cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes overheard Trump on that call ask Sondland about investigations he expected from Ukraine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/06/776834806/transcript-of-ambassador-william-taylors-impeachment-probe-testimony-released\">according to testimony on Wednesday\u003c/a> by another diplomat, Ambassador William Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators want to hear from Holmes directly, and another question in the Ukraine affair is whether he might appear and tell his story in a public hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/11/14/us/politics/ap-us-trump-impeachment-kyiv-call.html\">The Associated Press reported\u003c/a> that a second State Department staffer also was with Holmes and Sondland on the day of Trump’s call, but details about that hadn’t been confirmed by the Intelligence Committee and it wasn’t clear when or if investigators might hear from that person — or when the public might.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>White House correspondent Ayesha Rascoe contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff, D-Calif., paused the testimony to read Yovanovitch portions of the tweets during the hearing. He asked what effect she thought it might have on witnesses’ willingness to come forward and expose wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very intimidating,” she said, although Yovanovitch said she couldn’t address what Trump’s intentions might have been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responded Schiff: “Well, I want to let you know, Ambassador, that some of us here take witness intimidation very, very seriously.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/DbW-A96UIm8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/DbW-A96UIm8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The chairman repeated his warning to reporters during a break in the hearing. Afterward, Schiff linked what he called the intimidation with an “incriminating” pattern of conduct by Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an unrelated event at the White House on health care prices, Trump told reporters that he had been exercising his “freedom of speech” and did not feel that he had been intimidating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have the right to speak,” Trump said. “I have freedom of speech just as other people do. But they’ve taken away the Republicans’ rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Witness about early phase of saga\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch was a key witness about the earliest phase of the Ukraine affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lost her post in Ukraine’s capital, Kyiv, earlier this year after what has been described as a smear campaign by Trump’s attorney, Rudy Giuliani, and associates \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/771849041/how-a-complicated-web-connects-2-soviet-born-businessmen-with-the-impeachment-in\">Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman\u003c/a>, witnesses have told House investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those three worked with Ukraine’s then-Prosecutor General Yuri Lutsenko to spread what Yovanovitch called lies about her, including that she was disloyal to Trump and that she had given Lutsenko a list of Ukrainians she didn’t want prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parnas and Fruman have been arrested and charged with violating U.S. campaign finance law; \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/772650522/giuliani-associates-plead-not-guilty-to-charges-of-making-illegal-campaign-donat\">they have pleaded not guilty\u003c/a>. An attorney for Parnas has told NPR he’s open to working with congressional impeachment investigators, but the outlines of that aren’t clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors may be investigating whether Giuliani stood to profit from a natural gas business linked with Parnas and Fruman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/federal-prosecutors-probe-giulianis-links-to-ukrainian-energy-projects-11573837576?mod=hp_lead_pos6\">The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile at the Capitol, Schiff said that Yovanovitch’s ouster was a necessary prologue to the main story about Ukraine — that Trump and Giuliani had to push her out of the way to put in place the shadow lane for communication they wanted outside of officialdom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting rid of Ambassador Yovanovitch helped set the stage for an irregular channel that could pursue the two investigations that mattered so much to the president: the 2016 conspiracy theory, and most important, an investigation into the 2020 political opponent he apparently feared most, Joe Biden,” Schiff said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Military assistance for Ukraine was frozen by the White House for a period of weeks this summer, then released. Ukraine’s president, however, never made the public commitment for investigations that intermediaries have said they sought on Trump’s behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risk seen to U.S. diplomacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch warned Congress on Friday that the precedent set by her recall from Ukraine weakened Washington’s ability to work with developing nations around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has set an example for countries seeking to build institutions and fight corruption, Yovanovitch said — but her ouster showed that enemies in Ukraine could exploit American officials to get rid of someone they disliked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How could our system fail like this? How is it that foreign corrupt interests could manipulate our government?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch acknowledged that Trump has the power to appoint and remove diplomats as he pleases, but she argued that if an American representative can be “kneecapped” for political reasons, it dilutes U.S. power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shady interests the world over have learned how little it takes to remove an American ambassador who does not give them what they want,” Yovanovitch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch already has talked with investigators; read her \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6538626-Marie-Yovanovitch-Testimony\">closed-door deposition here\u003c/a>. Her opening statement Friday \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/15/779674990/read-former-ukraine-ambassador-yovanovitchs-opening-statement-to-congress\">is available here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“I saw it as a threat”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some State Department officials have said they objected to what they saw happening, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo agreed to end Yovanovitch’s tenure early and spurned requests to defend her in public, witnesses have said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pompeo’s adviser, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/04/776075712/read-ex-state-department-adviser-michael-mckinleys-testimony-to-congress\">Michael McKinley\u003c/a>, faulted what he called Pompeo’s willingness to sell out a career diplomat and resigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yovanovitch said Friday that she lamented that Pompeo has declined to acknowledge that attacks on the foreign service are “dangerously wrong” and impair America’s ability to work its will overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also was asked what she made of the account released by the White House in which Trump is described as telling Ukraine’s president that “things were going to happen to her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw it as a threat,” Yovanovitch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Case for the defense\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans emphasized Yovanovitch’s tangential involvement in the central narrative and repeated that Trump has broad powers to replace any ambassador — and many other officials — within the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intelligence Committee ranking member Rep. Devin Nunes, R-Calif., underscored that Yovanovitch hasn’t spoken to Trump, acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney or other people central to the Ukraine affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes said he didn’t have many questions and he asked, rhetorically, why Yovanovitch was even before the committee. These impeachment proceedings are about pure political animus toward Trump, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes mocked Democrats’ desire to “fulfill their Watergate fantasies” and called the first hearing, on Wednesday, a “farce” based on hearsay and “rumors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulvaney earlier argued that the impeachment case boils down to complaints by the foreign policy establishment about Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the administration works for the president, foreign policy is necessarily political, and, Mulvaney said, critics need to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/770979659/watch-white-house-holds-now-rare-press-briefing-amid-impeachment-syria-conflicts\">get over it\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican counsel Steve Castor also underscored with Yovanovitch, as he did with earlier witnesses, that corruption in Ukraine remains a real problem and that at least one big case involving the gas company Burisma hadn’t been resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That company added to its board the son of then-Vice President Biden; Trump sought an investigation into the Biden family, and his defenders have sought to draw attention to that aspect of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bidens haven’t been accused of breaking the law, but Trump and others continue to raise questions about Hunter Biden’s payments by the Ukrainian company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. John Ratcliffe, R-Texas, asked Yovanovitch whether she agreed that Hunter Biden’s tenure on the Ukrainian company’s board might have created the appearance of a conflict of interest; she said she thought it may have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Afternoon deposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Friday, investigators were to hear behind closed doors from foreign service official David Holmes, a comparative newcomer in the Ukraine drama who could prove an important witness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes is understood to have been with a top diplomat, Ambassador Gordon Sondland, at a restaurant when Sondland got a call from Trump on his cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes overheard Trump on that call ask Sondland about investigations he expected from Ukraine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/11/06/776834806/transcript-of-ambassador-william-taylors-impeachment-probe-testimony-released\">according to testimony on Wednesday\u003c/a> by another diplomat, Ambassador William Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators want to hear from Holmes directly, and another question in the Ukraine affair is whether he might appear and tell his story in a public hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/11/14/us/politics/ap-us-trump-impeachment-kyiv-call.html\">The Associated Press reported\u003c/a> that a second State Department staffer also was with Holmes and Sondland on the day of Trump’s call, but details about that hadn’t been confirmed by the Intelligence Committee and it wasn’t clear when or if investigators might hear from that person — or when the public might.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>White House correspondent Ayesha Rascoe contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco District Attorney-elect Chesa Boudin stopped by KQED this week to talk with Marisa Lagos and me for our weekly show \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11786680/chesa-boudin-on-his-district-attorney-victory-parents-incarceration-and-travels-in-south-america\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Political Breakdown\u003c/a>. A deputy public defender, Boudin took on the city's political elite and Mayor London Breed's hand-picked interim-D.A., Suzy Loftus, and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His life story — radical parents incarcerated when he was a toddler for their role in an armed robbery as part of the Weather Underground — attracted national media attention. It also attracted $650,000 in negative campaign ads from the San Francisco Police Officers Association, which claims he'll go soft on hardened criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked with Boudin about all that and more. Here are some interview highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Learning He Won on the Plane Home After Visiting His Father in Prison\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was in the middle seat in coach class. ... I was with my fiancee. And so we had a little kind of private moment in our seats. The person next to us was pretty confused about what was going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We went into the visiting room on Saturday morning with a pretty good sense that we were going to win. We knew there were still counting happening, but we knew the remaining, I think 15,000 or so votes were were provisional and conditional ballots with a very good sense those would favor us. We were already in the lead. And so, you know, we had that conversation with my dad over vending machine coffee and potato chips. And it was happy. He's proud. I think he's like so many parents would be in this situation. He's anxious about the stress and the pressures that this job will entail for me and for my fiancee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"chesa-boudin\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On How He Felt About His Parents Being Imprisoned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, I was very, very angry for many years at them for participating in such a horrific crime and for doing it in a way that so jeopardized my own well-being and safety. I also felt as a child the sense of stigma and shame as though it was somehow my fault. This is a really common experience for children with incarcerated parents to have to feel that, you know, they could have prevented the harm, that they should have warned their parents not to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would often say to my adoptive parents in moments of emotional difficulty as a child, I'd say things like, 'If only I could have talked, I would have warned them not to go or things like if if I'd been more lovable, maybe they wouldn't have risked losing me.' Feelings that as an adult with maturity, in hindsight, I know are irrational, but which are really common among children whose parents commit crimes. And I was lucky, luckier than most children with parents who were in prison to have a tremendously supportive network of family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On How His Father's Incarceration Influences His View of the Criminal Justice System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think my dad appreciates a few things. One, that, you know, having lived in prison for now, 38 years, he appreciates more than probably any of us that there are some people who are tremendously violent and who are probably not safe to be my neighbor or your neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He understands that in a way that few other people could, because having been in prison maximum security for 38 years, he has seen it all. He's now 75-years-old and he lives on a cell block with people who are much younger than I am.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also understands in a way that few of us could that the criminal justice system and prisons as they exist today are mostly not making us safer and are mostly actually creating more violence, both inside prisons and when people come home to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so he is hopeful, as I am, that the work I do as district attorney will help to reimagine and transform our country's approach to crime and punishment in ways that decrease our reliance on prisons and make us safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Spending Time in Venezuela as a College Student\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had studied abroad in Chile on a Rotary International scholarship as a junior in college from Yale. I had a lot of friends in Chile. And so during that gap year, I went back to Chile and I backpacked from Chile all the way up to Venezuela, up the Andes through Ecuador. And then I boated down the Amazon River through Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Brazil. And I actually read the Jon Lee Anderson Che (Guevara) biography while I was on a boat on the Amazon River, which was a fun, fun way to pass the time. When when I got to Venezuela, I didn't know anybody, I'd never been there before and I had one friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Working With Those Who Opposed Him in the Campaign\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm committed to listening to everybody who has experience and who has a perspective on the criminal justice system, to community groups, to merchants associations, to hardworking men and women in the Police Department, in the Sheriff's Department. And I think, obviously, to other leaders in city government. And I want to work with everybody. I know that we're going to have some disagreements about what specific approaches and policies are best. That's part of the democratic process. I also know that we can broadly agree that what we all want is a more just criminal justice system and one that's more effective at preventing crime and and holding people accountable in ways that dignify victims and prevent recidivism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco District Attorney-elect Chesa Boudin stopped by KQED this week to talk with Marisa Lagos and me for our weekly show \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11786680/chesa-boudin-on-his-district-attorney-victory-parents-incarceration-and-travels-in-south-america\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Political Breakdown\u003c/a>. A deputy public defender, Boudin took on the city's political elite and Mayor London Breed's hand-picked interim-D.A., Suzy Loftus, and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His life story — radical parents incarcerated when he was a toddler for their role in an armed robbery as part of the Weather Underground — attracted national media attention. It also attracted $650,000 in negative campaign ads from the San Francisco Police Officers Association, which claims he'll go soft on hardened criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked with Boudin about all that and more. Here are some interview highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Learning He Won on the Plane Home After Visiting His Father in Prison\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was in the middle seat in coach class. ... I was with my fiancee. And so we had a little kind of private moment in our seats. The person next to us was pretty confused about what was going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We went into the visiting room on Saturday morning with a pretty good sense that we were going to win. We knew there were still counting happening, but we knew the remaining, I think 15,000 or so votes were were provisional and conditional ballots with a very good sense those would favor us. We were already in the lead. And so, you know, we had that conversation with my dad over vending machine coffee and potato chips. And it was happy. He's proud. I think he's like so many parents would be in this situation. He's anxious about the stress and the pressures that this job will entail for me and for my fiancee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On How He Felt About His Parents Being Imprisoned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, I was very, very angry for many years at them for participating in such a horrific crime and for doing it in a way that so jeopardized my own well-being and safety. I also felt as a child the sense of stigma and shame as though it was somehow my fault. This is a really common experience for children with incarcerated parents to have to feel that, you know, they could have prevented the harm, that they should have warned their parents not to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would often say to my adoptive parents in moments of emotional difficulty as a child, I'd say things like, 'If only I could have talked, I would have warned them not to go or things like if if I'd been more lovable, maybe they wouldn't have risked losing me.' Feelings that as an adult with maturity, in hindsight, I know are irrational, but which are really common among children whose parents commit crimes. And I was lucky, luckier than most children with parents who were in prison to have a tremendously supportive network of family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On How His Father's Incarceration Influences His View of the Criminal Justice System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think my dad appreciates a few things. One, that, you know, having lived in prison for now, 38 years, he appreciates more than probably any of us that there are some people who are tremendously violent and who are probably not safe to be my neighbor or your neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He understands that in a way that few other people could, because having been in prison maximum security for 38 years, he has seen it all. He's now 75-years-old and he lives on a cell block with people who are much younger than I am.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also understands in a way that few of us could that the criminal justice system and prisons as they exist today are mostly not making us safer and are mostly actually creating more violence, both inside prisons and when people come home to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so he is hopeful, as I am, that the work I do as district attorney will help to reimagine and transform our country's approach to crime and punishment in ways that decrease our reliance on prisons and make us safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Spending Time in Venezuela as a College Student\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had studied abroad in Chile on a Rotary International scholarship as a junior in college from Yale. I had a lot of friends in Chile. And so during that gap year, I went back to Chile and I backpacked from Chile all the way up to Venezuela, up the Andes through Ecuador. And then I boated down the Amazon River through Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Brazil. And I actually read the Jon Lee Anderson Che (Guevara) biography while I was on a boat on the Amazon River, which was a fun, fun way to pass the time. When when I got to Venezuela, I didn't know anybody, I'd never been there before and I had one friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Working With Those Who Opposed Him in the Campaign\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm committed to listening to everybody who has experience and who has a perspective on the criminal justice system, to community groups, to merchants associations, to hardworking men and women in the Police Department, in the Sheriff's Department. And I think, obviously, to other leaders in city government. And I want to work with everybody. I know that we're going to have some disagreements about what specific approaches and policies are best. That's part of the democratic process. I also know that we can broadly agree that what we all want is a more just criminal justice system and one that's more effective at preventing crime and and holding people accountable in ways that dignify victims and prevent recidivism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Halloween Massacre in Orinda 'Was a Bloodbath,' Says Sheriff After 5 Suspects Arrested",
"title": "Halloween Massacre in Orinda 'Was a Bloodbath,' Says Sheriff After 5 Suspects Arrested",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated Friday at 4 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five suspects were arrested on Thursday in connection with a shooting at a Halloween party at a rental home in Orinda where five people were killed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10156461956261561&id=224837426560&__tn__=-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Extraordinary cooperation among multiple law enforcement agencies led to these arrests and a small measure of justice for the true victims,\" said Contra Costa County Sheriff David Livingston in a statement on Thursday. \"Additionally, evidence shows two of the deceased persons inside the house were themselves armed, which may have played a role in this tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement agencies in multiple Bay Area counties, with assistance from several federal agencies, served arrest and search warrants in the cities of San Mateo, Marin City, Vallejo and Antioch, where the suspects were ultimately apprehended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"orinda\"]The suspects, several of whom have prior convictions, include Lebraun Tyree Wallace, 28, of San Mateo; Jaquez Deshawn Sweeney, 20, of Marin City; Jason D. Iles, 20, of Marin City; and Shamron Joshua Mitchell, 30, of Antioch. All were arrested on charges of murder and conspiracy and are being held without bail, the sheriff's office said. The fifth suspect, Devin Isiah Williamson, 21, of Vallejo, the promoter of the event, was charged as an accessory and is being held in lieu of $500,000 bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s important to note that this investigation is still in its earliest stages,\" Livingston told reporters on Friday, adding that additional arrests are more than likely as authorities conduct ongoing forensic work. \"We do have people in custody, but we know there are others we are seeking now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrests come nearly two weeks after the shooting, which occurred close to 11 p.m. on Thursday, Oct. 31, at an Airbnb rental on Lucille Way, where an estimated 100 people had gathered for the party. Until now, law enforcement officials had revealed little information about the deadly incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims included Tiyon Farley, 22, of Antioch; Omar Taylor, 24, of Pittsburg; Raymon Hill, Jr., 23, of San Francisco and Oakland; Javlin County, 29, of Sausalito and Richmond; and Oshiana Tompkins, 19, of Vallejo and Hercules. At least four other people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven’t nailed down the exact motive yet, but I believe in due course we will,\" Livingston said. He noted that members of different Bay Area gangs attended the party, including two of the victims — Hill and County – both of whom were armed and had \"extensive criminal histories\" and affiliations with gangs in San Francisco and Marin City, respectively. Videos obtained from the event showed that many attendees entered the party carrying firearms, even after being patted down by a security guard at the door who had been seen \"drinking Hennessy throughout the evening,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of massacre, Orinda's only two patrol officers on duty had been in Oakland recovering a stolen car and didn’t arrive at the scene until 10 minutes afterwards, by which point the assailants had already fled, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/11/12/orinda-officers-were-in-oakland-during-shooting-that-killed-five-according-to-call-logs-panicked-moments-after-shooting-detailed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">call logs obtained by the Mercury News\u003c/a>. The logs show that no Orinda officers were patrolling the streets of the city for at least two hours beforehand, even as several residents called to complain of the loud party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when asked about the delayed police response, Livingston was quick to deflect blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The blame rests specifically on the individuals that carried guns into the party, pulled the trigger and murdered someone. That’s who should be blamed,\" he said. \"For this event it came down to gang members shooting and killing people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe the incident started in the kitchen and involved multiple shooters, he said, describing a chaotic scene with bullet casings everywhere. \"In my 32 years of law enforcement, I have never seen a homicide scene like this, ever. It was a bloodbath inside the home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mass shooting shook the community of Orinda, a small, quiet East Bay suburb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a horrific event that occurred in our community, and we hope these arrests will start the process of some level of healing, if that's possible,\" said Orinda Mayor Inga Miller. \"Our hearts go out to families and people affected. ... A sense of safety was shattered and these arrests will hopefully bring back that feeling of safety in the neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller added that although sheriff's officials worked doggedly on the case over the last two weeks, many of her constituents felt in the dark because of the tight-lipped nature of the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is something concrete that residents can see,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller also noted that the City Council is considering an ordinance to temporarily ban short-term, unhosted housing rentals in the city until more safeguards are put in place. The council plans to take up the issue on Tuesday, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airbnb has since said it will ban party houses on its online platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa Sheriffs’s Office said the investigation into the shooting is ongoing and is asking anyone with any information to contact its investigation division at (925) 313-2600. Any tips can be emailed to: tips@so.cccounty.us. To leave an anonymous voice message, call 866-846-3592.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a developing story. Check back for updates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Arrests Thursday occurred exactly two weeks after carnage that left five dead. 'It came down to gang members shooting and killing people,' according to top cop in Contra Costa County.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated Friday at 4 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five suspects were arrested on Thursday in connection with a shooting at a Halloween party at a rental home in Orinda where five people were killed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10156461956261561&id=224837426560&__tn__=-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to the Contra Costa County Sheriff's Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Extraordinary cooperation among multiple law enforcement agencies led to these arrests and a small measure of justice for the true victims,\" said Contra Costa County Sheriff David Livingston in a statement on Thursday. \"Additionally, evidence shows two of the deceased persons inside the house were themselves armed, which may have played a role in this tragedy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement agencies in multiple Bay Area counties, with assistance from several federal agencies, served arrest and search warrants in the cities of San Mateo, Marin City, Vallejo and Antioch, where the suspects were ultimately apprehended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The suspects, several of whom have prior convictions, include Lebraun Tyree Wallace, 28, of San Mateo; Jaquez Deshawn Sweeney, 20, of Marin City; Jason D. Iles, 20, of Marin City; and Shamron Joshua Mitchell, 30, of Antioch. All were arrested on charges of murder and conspiracy and are being held without bail, the sheriff's office said. The fifth suspect, Devin Isiah Williamson, 21, of Vallejo, the promoter of the event, was charged as an accessory and is being held in lieu of $500,000 bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s important to note that this investigation is still in its earliest stages,\" Livingston told reporters on Friday, adding that additional arrests are more than likely as authorities conduct ongoing forensic work. \"We do have people in custody, but we know there are others we are seeking now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrests come nearly two weeks after the shooting, which occurred close to 11 p.m. on Thursday, Oct. 31, at an Airbnb rental on Lucille Way, where an estimated 100 people had gathered for the party. Until now, law enforcement officials had revealed little information about the deadly incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims included Tiyon Farley, 22, of Antioch; Omar Taylor, 24, of Pittsburg; Raymon Hill, Jr., 23, of San Francisco and Oakland; Javlin County, 29, of Sausalito and Richmond; and Oshiana Tompkins, 19, of Vallejo and Hercules. At least four other people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven’t nailed down the exact motive yet, but I believe in due course we will,\" Livingston said. He noted that members of different Bay Area gangs attended the party, including two of the victims — Hill and County – both of whom were armed and had \"extensive criminal histories\" and affiliations with gangs in San Francisco and Marin City, respectively. Videos obtained from the event showed that many attendees entered the party carrying firearms, even after being patted down by a security guard at the door who had been seen \"drinking Hennessy throughout the evening,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time of massacre, Orinda's only two patrol officers on duty had been in Oakland recovering a stolen car and didn’t arrive at the scene until 10 minutes afterwards, by which point the assailants had already fled, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/11/12/orinda-officers-were-in-oakland-during-shooting-that-killed-five-according-to-call-logs-panicked-moments-after-shooting-detailed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">call logs obtained by the Mercury News\u003c/a>. The logs show that no Orinda officers were patrolling the streets of the city for at least two hours beforehand, even as several residents called to complain of the loud party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when asked about the delayed police response, Livingston was quick to deflect blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The blame rests specifically on the individuals that carried guns into the party, pulled the trigger and murdered someone. That’s who should be blamed,\" he said. \"For this event it came down to gang members shooting and killing people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe the incident started in the kitchen and involved multiple shooters, he said, describing a chaotic scene with bullet casings everywhere. \"In my 32 years of law enforcement, I have never seen a homicide scene like this, ever. It was a bloodbath inside the home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mass shooting shook the community of Orinda, a small, quiet East Bay suburb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a horrific event that occurred in our community, and we hope these arrests will start the process of some level of healing, if that's possible,\" said Orinda Mayor Inga Miller. \"Our hearts go out to families and people affected. ... A sense of safety was shattered and these arrests will hopefully bring back that feeling of safety in the neighborhood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller added that although sheriff's officials worked doggedly on the case over the last two weeks, many of her constituents felt in the dark because of the tight-lipped nature of the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is something concrete that residents can see,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller also noted that the City Council is considering an ordinance to temporarily ban short-term, unhosted housing rentals in the city until more safeguards are put in place. The council plans to take up the issue on Tuesday, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airbnb has since said it will ban party houses on its online platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa Sheriffs’s Office said the investigation into the shooting is ongoing and is asking anyone with any information to contact its investigation division at (925) 313-2600. Any tips can be emailed to: tips@so.cccounty.us. To leave an anonymous voice message, call 866-846-3592.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a developing story. Check back for updates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s probation leaders want to reshape the state’s juvenile justice system — in part by raising the maximum age of eligibility from 17 to 19 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Vincent Schiraldi, Columbia University's Justice Lab\"]‘Nothing magical happens on someone’s 18th birthday. It’s not like someone wakes up and is suddenly ready to occupy adult roles.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crafted by the Chief Probation Officers of California (CPOC), the group representing the state’s 58 probation leaders, the plan is being framed as a way to keep a greater number of young people out of the adult criminal justice system and provide more effective rehabilitation options within the juvenile system. The proposal would also allow probation departments to keep young offenders on juvenile probation — after release — until they are 24, up from the current maximum age of 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, adult probation departments are responsible for the juvenile justice systems in every county except San Francisco, which has a separate department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is also proposing juvenile sentencing limits, in a move away from the current system in which judges have broad discretion in determining how long youth offenders remain under government supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPOC said it hopes to draft the ideas into legislation next year, and work with lawmakers and the governor to turn the proposals into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>We want to focus on the rehabilitation part of the system,” said CPOC Executive Director Karen Pank. “I think that there’s a history of success that we should be looking at trying to model, especially when you look at the really high recidivism rates for this age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal comes as California’s youth lockups \u003ca href=\"https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sit \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">empty\u003c/a>, the result of plummeting crime rates over the past two decades. Critics argue that the proposal seems aimed at driving more bodies into the juvenile system, rather than the purported goal of reducing the number of young people under criminal supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fear is, if they start opening up these halls and increasing the age limits, does that just mean we are going to have kids serving longer times in juvenile halls — or people who in the past may not have been placed in any custody will now be?” said Daniel Macallair, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, a San Francisco nonprofit that works to reduce incarceration rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CPOC officials rejected the notion that their proposal is a power play. The chiefs simply want to build on the success they’ve had with juvenile offenders in recent years, said Pank, noting that detention and juvenile arrest rates have plummeted under their watch.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"juvenile-justice\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pank said her group’s plan would rely on using proven methods, such as individualized treatment plans and risk-based assessments, to determine the amount of time youth spend incarcerated and on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have a record of following the research, following the data, doing what we know is the right balance of public safety and improving the lives of those we work with,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent Schiraldi, co-director of Columbia University’s Justice Lab, said he understands why some criminal justice reform groups are concerned about expanding the state’s juvenile system. But, he added, research also shows that young people’s brains are still developing into their mid-20s, and that treating a young adult differently simply because they turn 18 doesn’t really make much sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiraldi said he was heartened to see provisions built into the CPOC proposal that would limit young offenders’ overall exposure to the criminal justice system, such as capping the amount of time a young person could spend on probation. He also noted that although juvenile court records are sealed, adult records can haunt someone for the rest of their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this proposal, “if you are 18 and do something stupid in your first year in college and get arrested, you are not going to have a record” he said. “Juvenile halls are far from perfect, but they are far better than jails and prisons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crafted by the Chief Probation Officers of California (CPOC), the group representing the state’s 58 probation leaders, the plan is being framed as a way to keep a greater number of young people out of the adult criminal justice system and provide more effective rehabilitation options within the juvenile system. The proposal would also allow probation departments to keep young offenders on juvenile probation — after release — until they are 24, up from the current maximum age of 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, adult probation departments are responsible for the juvenile justice systems in every county except San Francisco, which has a separate department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is also proposing juvenile sentencing limits, in a move away from the current system in which judges have broad discretion in determining how long youth offenders remain under government supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPOC said it hopes to draft the ideas into legislation next year, and work with lawmakers and the governor to turn the proposals into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>We want to focus on the rehabilitation part of the system,” said CPOC Executive Director Karen Pank. “I think that there’s a history of success that we should be looking at trying to model, especially when you look at the really high recidivism rates for this age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal comes as California’s youth lockups \u003ca href=\"https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sit \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largely \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.sfchronicle.com/2019/vanishing-violence/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">empty\u003c/a>, the result of plummeting crime rates over the past two decades. Critics argue that the proposal seems aimed at driving more bodies into the juvenile system, rather than the purported goal of reducing the number of young people under criminal supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fear is, if they start opening up these halls and increasing the age limits, does that just mean we are going to have kids serving longer times in juvenile halls — or people who in the past may not have been placed in any custody will now be?” said Daniel Macallair, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, a San Francisco nonprofit that works to reduce incarceration rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But CPOC officials rejected the notion that their proposal is a power play. The chiefs simply want to build on the success they’ve had with juvenile offenders in recent years, said Pank, noting that detention and juvenile arrest rates have plummeted under their watch.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pank said her group’s plan would rely on using proven methods, such as individualized treatment plans and risk-based assessments, to determine the amount of time youth spend incarcerated and on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have a record of following the research, following the data, doing what we know is the right balance of public safety and improving the lives of those we work with,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent Schiraldi, co-director of Columbia University’s Justice Lab, said he understands why some criminal justice reform groups are concerned about expanding the state’s juvenile system. But, he added, research also shows that young people’s brains are still developing into their mid-20s, and that treating a young adult differently simply because they turn 18 doesn’t really make much sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiraldi said he was heartened to see provisions built into the CPOC proposal that would limit young offenders’ overall exposure to the criminal justice system, such as capping the amount of time a young person could spend on probation. He also noted that although juvenile court records are sealed, adult records can haunt someone for the rest of their life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under this proposal, “if you are 18 and do something stupid in your first year in college and get arrested, you are not going to have a record” he said. “Juvenile halls are far from perfect, but they are far better than jails and prisons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "metoo-behind-bars-new-records-shed-light-on-sexual-abuse-inside-state-womens-prisons",
"title": "#MeToo Behind Bars: Records Shed Light on Sexual Abuse Inside State Women’s Prisons",
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"headTitle": "#MeToo Behind Bars: Records Shed Light on Sexual Abuse Inside State Women’s Prisons | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A state prison inmate incarcerated at the Central California Women’s Facility was awaiting her group therapy session on Aug. 23, 2017. She stepped backward in her cell toward the door, where Correctional Officer Israel Trevino waited with waist restraints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he attached the chains, he reached down with both of his hands “to grope and fondle her buttocks,” according to an internal investigation that led to Trevino’s firing.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Amika Mota, Formerly Incarcerated Advocate\"]‘What does it mean to feel constantly harassed, where they think it’s consensual and we think it’s not but we can’t ever say it?’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hey, what the fuck are you doing?” the inmate, whose name was redacted in reports, is quoted as saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a big butt,” Trevino replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t the only time Trevino sexually abused an inmate in his custody, according to the investigation’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former correctional officer — who was responsible for escorting inmates from their cells to their appointments and to the shower — tried to pull up a woman’s shirt and put his hand down her pants on an unspecified date in 2017, investigators for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inmate said Trevino squeezed her buttocks over her clothing while escorting her and tried to get her to expose her breasts and vagina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come on, show me something,” he pressured her, according to the records.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nTrevino was investigated after an inmate complained about the groping to her prison social worker, who reported the allegation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials fired Trevino in 2018 for sexual misconduct. He had worked at the women’s prison for over a decade and had been formally warned for making sexually harassing comments to inmates, according to records from the Office of the Inspector General for California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Trevino for comment were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison system spokeswoman Dana Simas responded in a written statement that officials moved to protect incarcerated women when the 2017 allegations surfaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trevino was barred from entering the secured perimeter of the prison to prevent further inmate contact during the pendency of the investigation,” Simas wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department fired at least six male correctional officers for sexually abusing women in their custody between 2014 and 2018, according to internal records released to KQED under a new state transparency law and court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some groped the inmates, while others engaged in oral sex or intercourse. The disciplinary records, which are still incomplete, provide a first-ever glimpse into how the prison system deals with sexual exploitation by its officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of the women involved are redacted in the records, and two named witnesses did not respond to requests for interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the number of dismissals for sexual misconduct is extremely rare among the roughly 26,000 correctional officers who work at California prisons, inmate advocates say sexual abuse by staff is more rampant than the records show because few officers get reported or investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11786504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-800x788.jpg\" alt=\"Amika Mota on picture day in 2011 at the Central California Women’s Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"788\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-800x788.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-160x158.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-1020x1004.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-1200x1181.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy.jpg 1549w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amika Mota on picture day in 2011 at the Central California Women’s Facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Amika Mota)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amika Mota is trying to change that. She spent most of a nine-year prison sentence for vehicular manslaughter at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, north of Fresno in the Central Valley. She said she and other incarcerated women put up with sexual advances because they depended on correctional officers for access to clean laundry, phone calls, tampons, time out of their cell and other basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a bone in my body that ever felt attracted to any of these officers or felt like any of the words we spoke were true,” Mota said. “It was just this survival technique to play along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers can also write up inmates, which can result in extending a prison sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One officer in her housing unit, who Mota declined to name, demanded that she write sexually explicit letters to him. She also described an officer who expected to see women without their clothes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would be really appreciative if during count we were in our bras,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mota said she never reported any harassment, fearing retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She joined the Bay Area-based Young Women’s Freedom Center after she was released in 2015. She’s now part of a new movement called Me Too Behind Bars, working to expose sexual abuse of people in prison and jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What does it mean to feel constantly harassed, where they think it’s consensual and we think it’s not but we can’t ever say it?” Mota said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s inmate population includes nearly 5,000 women, about 4% of the 124,000 prisoners in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State prison officials say they have been trying to improve conditions for female inmates in recent years, including enforcing a zero tolerance policy for sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All sexual violence, staff sexual misconduct, and sexual harassment is strictly prohibited,” prisons spokeswoman Simas wrote in an Oct. 11 email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state prison system also investigates and tracks all allegations of sexual assault and harassment by staff, including correctional officers, to comply with the federal Prison Rape Elimination Act. In 2018, 337 staff-on-inmate incidents were reported in California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigations substantiated just three of those allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11786575 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kelly Heigert/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Independent probes into the culture in women’s lockups have found that these formally reported allegations likely capture only a fraction of the abuse and harassment of incarcerated women by prison staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Prison Law Office, which monitors conditions for inmates as part of a settlement in a decades-old federal class action lawsuit, has interviewed hundreds of women at the Central Valley prison and documented their complaints for the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm \u003ca href=\"https://prisonlaw.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/08/16.08.18-Prison-Law-Office-report-on-CCWF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported in 2016\u003c/a> that out of a random sample of 80 women, nearly all had experienced sexual abuse or harassment while incarcerated. A second round of interviews turned up similar complaints, often at the hands of the same officers. The firm faulted a culture of bigotry and sexism at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a constant stream of verbal sexual harassment or misogynist statements,” attorney Corene Kendrick said, “kind of cat-calling at its highest level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of women complained the prison officers constantly addressed them as “bitches” or “hos,” Kendrick said. “When they’d make the announcements on the PA system, you know, it’d be ‘Hey bitches, time to go to lunch.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786524\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11786524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Amika Mota poses for a portrait at her home in the San Francisco Bay Area on Sept. 26, holding a framed collage of her 'prison family.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1832x1374.jpeg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-536x402.jpeg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amika Mota poses for a portrait at her home in the San Francisco Bay Area on Sept. 26, holding a framed collage of her ‘prison family.’ \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sexual abuse of female prisoners isn’t confined to a single facility, records obtained by KQED revealed. Four correctional officers in the state’s other major women’s prison — in Southern California — were also fired in recent years for sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017 alone, three officers at the California Institution for Women in San Bernardino County had sexual contact with inmates in or near their housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Robert Darrow was working an overtime shift in a housing unit on May 12, 2017, when he pulled one of the women responsible for cleaning and mopping the dorm into a broom closet, according to a transcript of a preliminary hearing in a criminal case against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said that he entered in behind her,” an investigator testified. “She was facing away from him. He closed the door. And then he bent her over, pulled her sweatpants down — she didn’t have any underwear — and then he moved his head down and orally copulated her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The encounter lasted only three minutes, according to the testimony, because Darrow heard a noise outside the closet and stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that same month, Officer Tony Garcia sent all the women in a housing unit to breakfast, but one. The woman performed oral sex on him in her cell. He ejaculated on her nightgown, which the woman hid and later turned over to internal affairs. Investigators tested the semen on the nightgown and confirmed it belonged to Garcia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third case involved Officer Stephen Merrill entering the cell of two female inmates at 3:30 a.m. on Oct. 30, 2017, and groping them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation found, “As inmate [REDACTED] stood by the door facing the inside of the cell, she bent over and you inserted your right hand from behind her into her underwear. You grabbed her buttocks. After removing your hand from her underwear, you tasted your fingers by placing them into your mouth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Correctional Officers Fired for Sexual Misconduct 2015-2018\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click links to read source records.\u003c/em>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Michael Ewell\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8214744705036891733&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2015 for having a sexual relationship with an inmate\u003cbr>\nNo criminal charges\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Tony Garcia\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548710-Garcia-Tony-NOAA-S-CIW-182-17-D.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2018 for engaging in oral sex with an inmate\u003cbr>\nPleaded no contest to felony charge for sex with a consenting inmate\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sergio Rios\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548723-Rios-Sergio-NOAA-C-CCWF-580-16-A.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2017 for having a sexual relationship with an inmate\u003cbr>\nCriminal charges were dropped\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Robert Darrow\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548989-PPL-v-Robert-Darrow-Preliminary-Hearing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2017 for having oral sex with an inmate\u003cbr>\nCriminal charges were dropped\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stephen Merrill\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548699-Merrill-Stephen-NOAA-S-CIW-351-17-A.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2018 for groping two inmates\u003cbr>\nPleaded no contest to felony charge for sex with a consenting inmate\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Israel Trevino\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548675-Trevino-I-NOAA-C-CCWF-423-17-A.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2018 for groping and harassing inmates\u003cbr>\nNo criminal charges\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The other inmate then faced the inside of the cell and bent over. Merrill reportedly also groped her from behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disciplinary decision released by prison officials doesn’t provide further details about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state and federal statutes, inmates cannot consent to sex with prison guards. Sustained findings of sexual misconduct by a correctional officer will result in dismissal, according to prison policies, and can be grounds for criminal prosecution. All three correctional officers at the Southern California women’s prison were fired and charged with felony sex crimes. Attorneys representing them did not return requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merrill and Garcia took plea deals, according to court records. Garcia served two days in jail and was placed on probation. Merrill’s two-year prison sentence was suspended as he completes three years of probation. He was also sentenced to less than a year of county jail time, eligible for work and weekend release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in the case against Darrow argued he had “a history of being investigated for sexual activity with inmates,” according to a preliminary hearing transcript in the case. But the San Bernardino County district attorney suddenly dropped the charges against him in March of this year. Deputy DA Lisa Mann, who prosecuted the case, declined to answer any questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some officers are never even charged, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Israel Trevino’s case from the Central Valley prison, it took officials eight months to dismiss him for sexually abusing inmates. He was fired in April 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials never referred Trevino for criminal charges — due to insufficient evidence, according to a spokeswoman. That’s despite investigators’ findings that he repeatedly groped women in his custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Central Region Criminal Investigation team, after a full review of the material, recommended the case instead be opened as an administrative investigation,” spokeswoman Simas wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Inspector General for California prisons monitors all investigations of sexual assault and harassment by officers and issues public reports.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"left\" citation=\"Roy Wesley, Inspector General for California Prisons\"]‘Our power is to write about it and to bring transparency to the public because otherwise nobody knows what happens in these things.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Trevino’s case, the Office of the Inspector General noted several deficiencies in the prison’s investigation. A prison investigator “scheduled case conferences and critical witness interviews for when he knew the OIG would not be available, and only cooperated after the OIG elevated the issue to his supervisor,” according to a 2018 inspector general’s discipline monitoring report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office’s case review also faulted the investigation for failing to substantiate that Trevino was dishonest “when he denied that he made inappropriate, derogatory and sexually harassing comments to inmates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no authority to tell the department, ‘You have to do what we think you should do,’ ” said Inspector General Roy Wesley. “Our power is to write about it and to bring transparency to the public because otherwise nobody knows what happens in these things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate advocates would like California to create another oversight body with more teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also agree with the Prison Law Office’s recommendation that CDCR hire mostly female correctional officers to work inside the women’s housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the male officers fired for sexual misconduct inside California women’s prisons in recent years had access to areas of the housing units where women are changing. Federal law mandates that male officers announce their presence upon entering those areas, but otherwise does not restrict their presence.[aside postID=\"news_11777176,news_11770926,news_11740176\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/Police-Art_1.gif\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys with the Prison Law Office think prison officials could prevent a lot of abuse by cutting off that access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Washington Department of Corrections at one of their women’s prisons made it a requirement that only women apply for certain positions working inside the housing units where the women live, sleep and bathe,” said Prison Law Office attorney Kendrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California prison system has been moving in that direction, according to spokeswoman Simas. A greater percentage of jobs in housing units are designated for female officers only, and the prison system is pushing to recruit more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, women make up roughly a third of officers at the two main female prisons in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mota is still working to turn her experience in prison into an instrument for change. Thinking about the years she was scrutinized and objectified in prison by officers who considered her “their girl” makes her anxious and shaky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the rules, or the regulations, it’s the culture,” Mota said. “How do you deeply affect this culture that’s existed for so long where it’s ‘normal’ and ‘OK’ to do this shit in prison?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786529\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-160x155.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-800x777.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1020x990.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the California Reporting Project, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A state prison inmate incarcerated at the Central California Women’s Facility was awaiting her group therapy session on Aug. 23, 2017. She stepped backward in her cell toward the door, where Correctional Officer Israel Trevino waited with waist restraints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he attached the chains, he reached down with both of his hands “to grope and fondle her buttocks,” according to an internal investigation that led to Trevino’s firing.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘What does it mean to feel constantly harassed, where they think it’s consensual and we think it’s not but we can’t ever say it?’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hey, what the fuck are you doing?” the inmate, whose name was redacted in reports, is quoted as saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a big butt,” Trevino replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t the only time Trevino sexually abused an inmate in his custody, according to the investigation’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former correctional officer — who was responsible for escorting inmates from their cells to their appointments and to the shower — tried to pull up a woman’s shirt and put his hand down her pants on an unspecified date in 2017, investigators for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inmate said Trevino squeezed her buttocks over her clothing while escorting her and tried to get her to expose her breasts and vagina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Come on, show me something,” he pressured her, according to the records.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nTrevino was investigated after an inmate complained about the groping to her prison social worker, who reported the allegation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials fired Trevino in 2018 for sexual misconduct. He had worked at the women’s prison for over a decade and had been formally warned for making sexually harassing comments to inmates, according to records from the Office of the Inspector General for California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Trevino for comment were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison system spokeswoman Dana Simas responded in a written statement that officials moved to protect incarcerated women when the 2017 allegations surfaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trevino was barred from entering the secured perimeter of the prison to prevent further inmate contact during the pendency of the investigation,” Simas wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department fired at least six male correctional officers for sexually abusing women in their custody between 2014 and 2018, according to internal records released to KQED under a new state transparency law and court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some groped the inmates, while others engaged in oral sex or intercourse. The disciplinary records, which are still incomplete, provide a first-ever glimpse into how the prison system deals with sexual exploitation by its officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of the women involved are redacted in the records, and two named witnesses did not respond to requests for interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the number of dismissals for sexual misconduct is extremely rare among the roughly 26,000 correctional officers who work at California prisons, inmate advocates say sexual abuse by staff is more rampant than the records show because few officers get reported or investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11786504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-800x788.jpg\" alt=\"Amika Mota on picture day in 2011 at the Central California Women’s Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"788\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-800x788.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-160x158.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-1020x1004.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy-1200x1181.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Courtesy.jpg 1549w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amika Mota on picture day in 2011 at the Central California Women’s Facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Amika Mota)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amika Mota is trying to change that. She spent most of a nine-year prison sentence for vehicular manslaughter at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, north of Fresno in the Central Valley. She said she and other incarcerated women put up with sexual advances because they depended on correctional officers for access to clean laundry, phone calls, tampons, time out of their cell and other basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s not a bone in my body that ever felt attracted to any of these officers or felt like any of the words we spoke were true,” Mota said. “It was just this survival technique to play along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers can also write up inmates, which can result in extending a prison sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One officer in her housing unit, who Mota declined to name, demanded that she write sexually explicit letters to him. She also described an officer who expected to see women without their clothes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would be really appreciative if during count we were in our bras,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mota said she never reported any harassment, fearing retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She joined the Bay Area-based Young Women’s Freedom Center after she was released in 2015. She’s now part of a new movement called Me Too Behind Bars, working to expose sexual abuse of people in prison and jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What does it mean to feel constantly harassed, where they think it’s consensual and we think it’s not but we can’t ever say it?” Mota said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s inmate population includes nearly 5,000 women, about 4% of the 124,000 prisoners in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State prison officials say they have been trying to improve conditions for female inmates in recent years, including enforcing a zero tolerance policy for sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All sexual violence, staff sexual misconduct, and sexual harassment is strictly prohibited,” prisons spokeswoman Simas wrote in an Oct. 11 email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state prison system also investigates and tracks all allegations of sexual assault and harassment by staff, including correctional officers, to comply with the federal Prison Rape Elimination Act. In 2018, 337 staff-on-inmate incidents were reported in California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigations substantiated just three of those allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11786575 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/CDCR-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-Sustained-by-Internal-Investigations-GRAPHIC1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kelly Heigert/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Independent probes into the culture in women’s lockups have found that these formally reported allegations likely capture only a fraction of the abuse and harassment of incarcerated women by prison staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Prison Law Office, which monitors conditions for inmates as part of a settlement in a decades-old federal class action lawsuit, has interviewed hundreds of women at the Central Valley prison and documented their complaints for the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm \u003ca href=\"https://prisonlaw.com///wp-content/uploads/2016/08/16.08.18-Prison-Law-Office-report-on-CCWF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported in 2016\u003c/a> that out of a random sample of 80 women, nearly all had experienced sexual abuse or harassment while incarcerated. A second round of interviews turned up similar complaints, often at the hands of the same officers. The firm faulted a culture of bigotry and sexism at the prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a constant stream of verbal sexual harassment or misogynist statements,” attorney Corene Kendrick said, “kind of cat-calling at its highest level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of women complained the prison officers constantly addressed them as “bitches” or “hos,” Kendrick said. “When they’d make the announcements on the PA system, you know, it’d be ‘Hey bitches, time to go to lunch.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11786524\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11786524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Amika Mota poses for a portrait at her home in the San Francisco Bay Area on Sept. 26, holding a framed collage of her 'prison family.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1832x1374.jpeg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/Amika-Mota-Pose-2-536x402.jpeg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amika Mota poses for a portrait at her home in the San Francisco Bay Area on Sept. 26, holding a framed collage of her ‘prison family.’ \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sexual abuse of female prisoners isn’t confined to a single facility, records obtained by KQED revealed. Four correctional officers in the state’s other major women’s prison — in Southern California — were also fired in recent years for sexual misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017 alone, three officers at the California Institution for Women in San Bernardino County had sexual contact with inmates in or near their housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Robert Darrow was working an overtime shift in a housing unit on May 12, 2017, when he pulled one of the women responsible for cleaning and mopping the dorm into a broom closet, according to a transcript of a preliminary hearing in a criminal case against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said that he entered in behind her,” an investigator testified. “She was facing away from him. He closed the door. And then he bent her over, pulled her sweatpants down — she didn’t have any underwear — and then he moved his head down and orally copulated her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The encounter lasted only three minutes, according to the testimony, because Darrow heard a noise outside the closet and stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that same month, Officer Tony Garcia sent all the women in a housing unit to breakfast, but one. The woman performed oral sex on him in her cell. He ejaculated on her nightgown, which the woman hid and later turned over to internal affairs. Investigators tested the semen on the nightgown and confirmed it belonged to Garcia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third case involved Officer Stephen Merrill entering the cell of two female inmates at 3:30 a.m. on Oct. 30, 2017, and groping them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation found, “As inmate [REDACTED] stood by the door facing the inside of the cell, she bent over and you inserted your right hand from behind her into her underwear. You grabbed her buttocks. After removing your hand from her underwear, you tasted your fingers by placing them into your mouth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Correctional Officers Fired for Sexual Misconduct 2015-2018\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Click links to read source records.\u003c/em>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Michael Ewell\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8214744705036891733&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2015 for having a sexual relationship with an inmate\u003cbr>\nNo criminal charges\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Tony Garcia\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548710-Garcia-Tony-NOAA-S-CIW-182-17-D.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2018 for engaging in oral sex with an inmate\u003cbr>\nPleaded no contest to felony charge for sex with a consenting inmate\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Sergio Rios\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548723-Rios-Sergio-NOAA-C-CCWF-580-16-A.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2017 for having a sexual relationship with an inmate\u003cbr>\nCriminal charges were dropped\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Robert Darrow\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548989-PPL-v-Robert-Darrow-Preliminary-Hearing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2017 for having oral sex with an inmate\u003cbr>\nCriminal charges were dropped\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stephen Merrill\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548699-Merrill-Stephen-NOAA-S-CIW-351-17-A.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2018 for groping two inmates\u003cbr>\nPleaded no contest to felony charge for sex with a consenting inmate\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Israel Trevino\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6548675-Trevino-I-NOAA-C-CCWF-423-17-A.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terminated\u003c/a> in 2018 for groping and harassing inmates\u003cbr>\nNo criminal charges\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The other inmate then faced the inside of the cell and bent over. Merrill reportedly also groped her from behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disciplinary decision released by prison officials doesn’t provide further details about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state and federal statutes, inmates cannot consent to sex with prison guards. Sustained findings of sexual misconduct by a correctional officer will result in dismissal, according to prison policies, and can be grounds for criminal prosecution. All three correctional officers at the Southern California women’s prison were fired and charged with felony sex crimes. Attorneys representing them did not return requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merrill and Garcia took plea deals, according to court records. Garcia served two days in jail and was placed on probation. Merrill’s two-year prison sentence was suspended as he completes three years of probation. He was also sentenced to less than a year of county jail time, eligible for work and weekend release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in the case against Darrow argued he had “a history of being investigated for sexual activity with inmates,” according to a preliminary hearing transcript in the case. But the San Bernardino County district attorney suddenly dropped the charges against him in March of this year. Deputy DA Lisa Mann, who prosecuted the case, declined to answer any questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some officers are never even charged, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Israel Trevino’s case from the Central Valley prison, it took officials eight months to dismiss him for sexually abusing inmates. He was fired in April 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials never referred Trevino for criminal charges — due to insufficient evidence, according to a spokeswoman. That’s despite investigators’ findings that he repeatedly groped women in his custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Central Region Criminal Investigation team, after a full review of the material, recommended the case instead be opened as an administrative investigation,” spokeswoman Simas wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Inspector General for California prisons monitors all investigations of sexual assault and harassment by officers and issues public reports.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Trevino’s case, the Office of the Inspector General noted several deficiencies in the prison’s investigation. A prison investigator “scheduled case conferences and critical witness interviews for when he knew the OIG would not be available, and only cooperated after the OIG elevated the issue to his supervisor,” according to a 2018 inspector general’s discipline monitoring report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office’s case review also faulted the investigation for failing to substantiate that Trevino was dishonest “when he denied that he made inappropriate, derogatory and sexually harassing comments to inmates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no authority to tell the department, ‘You have to do what we think you should do,’ ” said Inspector General Roy Wesley. “Our power is to write about it and to bring transparency to the public because otherwise nobody knows what happens in these things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate advocates would like California to create another oversight body with more teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also agree with the Prison Law Office’s recommendation that CDCR hire mostly female correctional officers to work inside the women’s housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the male officers fired for sexual misconduct inside California women’s prisons in recent years had access to areas of the housing units where women are changing. Federal law mandates that male officers announce their presence upon entering those areas, but otherwise does not restrict their presence.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys with the Prison Law Office think prison officials could prevent a lot of abuse by cutting off that access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Washington Department of Corrections at one of their women’s prisons made it a requirement that only women apply for certain positions working inside the housing units where the women live, sleep and bathe,” said Prison Law Office attorney Kendrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California prison system has been moving in that direction, according to spokeswoman Simas. A greater percentage of jobs in housing units are designated for female officers only, and the prison system is pushing to recruit more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, women make up roughly a third of officers at the two main female prisons in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mota is still working to turn her experience in prison into an instrument for change. Thinking about the years she was scrutinized and objectified in prison by officers who considered her “their girl” makes her anxious and shaky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the rules, or the regulations, it’s the culture,” Mota said. “How do you deeply affect this culture that’s existed for so long where it’s ‘normal’ and ‘OK’ to do this shit in prison?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786529\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-160x155.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-800x777.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1020x990.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the California Reporting Project, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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