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"disqusTitle": "2019 Brought Stepped-Up Efforts to Counter White Supremacist Violence",
"title": "2019 Brought Stepped-Up Efforts to Counter White Supremacist Violence",
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"content": "\u003cp>The torch-wielding racists who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/03/653902775/4-white-supremacists-charged-in-deadly-2017-charlottesville-rally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">marched on Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/a>, two years ago showed the ugly new face of the far right. Their deadly rally shocked the nation into paying attention to how racial hatred could turn into \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/28/755050335/charlottesville-victims-use-post-slavery-kkk-law-to-go-after-hate-groups\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">organized violence.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if 2017 was the wake-up call, 2019 was the year the call was answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did see movement in public policy and public rhetoric on violence inspired by white supremacy and white nationalism,\" said George Selim, who oversees the Anti-Defamation League's \u003ca href=\"https://www.adl.org/what-we-do/combat-hate/extremism-terrorism-bigotry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Extremism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='white-nationalism' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Sept. 11 attacks, the nation's security apparatus has fixated almost exclusively on Islamist extremists, fighting them with FBI task forces, prevention programs and military operations abroad. That focus has persisted even though the far right – primarily violent white supremacists — has been the deadlier and more active threat in the United States for years, according to the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the decline of jihadist attacks and the rise of far-right violence, that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/rise-of-far-right-violence-leads-some-to-call-for-realignment-of-post-911-national-security-priorities/2019/08/05/5a9b43da-b7ad-11e9-a091-6a96e67d9cce_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">focus is shifting\u003c/a>. The past year brought a raft of new efforts to better understand and fight a resurgent far right, including from law enforcement and academics. The change is gradual, Selim emphasized, but the public and policy response is finally starting to catch up with the domestic threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of congressional hearings on these topics in 2019 was significant, and an important metric of the seriousness of these threats at the national level,\" Selim said. \"And many members of Congress, both Democrats and Republicans, have used their public profiles to condemn these lethal forms of violent extremism, but more still needs to be done to appropriately resource these threats at the federal, state and local levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the responses to far-right violence in the past year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Congressional committees held at least four hearings on hate crimes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711693266/house-hearing-on-white-nationalism-deteriorated-into-partisan-bickering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">white nationalism\u003c/a>, calling on \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/wray-says-fbi-has-recorded-about-100-domestic-terrorism-arrests-in-fiscal-2019-and-most-investigations-involve-white-supremacy/2019/07/23/600d49a6-aca1-11e9-bc5c-e73b603e7f38_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">counterterrorism officials\u003c/a> to treat far-right militants as seriously as they do jihadists.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two U.S. senators, one Republican and one Democratic,\u003ca href=\"https://www.lawfareblog.com/proposed-bills-would-help-combat-domestic-terrorism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> introduced bills \u003c/a>that would give federal authorities tools similar to those used to combat Islamist extremists. The issue remains controversial because of questions of free speech and other concerns.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Department of Homeland Security, DHS, unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strategic plan\u003c/a> that pledged more resources for fighting far-right extremism – a surprise from an agency that previously focused almost exclusively on Islamist militancy. The introduction to the document stated, \"As the threats evolve, we must do so as well.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The NYPD — the nation's biggest police department — opened a new intelligence unit called \u003ca href=\"https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/12/11/new-nypd-reme-unit-to-fight-extremism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">REME\u003c/a>, for Racially and Ethnically Motivated Extremism. The announcement comes after New York City saw an uptick in bias-motivated attacks.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Academics across the United States who study the far right formed the Consortium on Hate and Political Extremism, saying they felt compelled to help teach the public about the evolving threat. It's modeled after Europe's Center for Research on Extremism, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">C-REX\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Extremism monitors say some of the measures have been in the works for a while, but were accelerated by the pace and violence of incidents. In 2019, white supremacists staged several high-profile attacks around the world, from the mass killing in March of Muslim worshipers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/22/705595367/my-heart-was-broken-mourners-in-new-zealand-bury-victims-of-mosque-shootings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christchurch, New Zealand\u003c/a>, to the massacre of Latino shoppers at a Walmart in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/06/748565589/remembering-the-22-people-killed-in-attack-at-an-el-paso-shopping-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Paso, Texas\u003c/a>, in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's response to those two attacks suggested that the White House, too, evolved over the year. After the New Zealand attack, Trump was asked if he thought white nationalism was a growing threat and \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/salvadorhernandez/trump-white-nationalists-new-zealand-mosque-christchurch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he replied,\u003c/a> \"I don't, really,\" and shrugged it off as \"a small group of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='George Selim']'We've seen record spikes in domestic terrorism and anti-Semitic incidents in the past few years.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five months later, after the El Paso attack, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/05/748190808/trump-calls-for-strong-background-checks-following-el-paso-and-dayton-shootings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full-throated condemnation\u003c/a> of white supremacy, saying \"hate has no home in America.\" Civil rights activists said it was the kind of response they'd hoped for after the Charlottesville neo-Nazi rally, when the president made his now-infamous \"very fine people on both sides\" statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After El Paso, there was no such equivocating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The shooter in El Paso posted a manifesto online consumed by racist hate,\" Trump said in televised remarks. \"In one voice, our nation must condemn racism, bigotry and white supremacy. These sinister ideologies must be defeated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steps toward a more robust response to the far-right threat are tentative for now. Extremism trackers said they'll be watching for follow-through in 2020 – from the White House, from Congress, from federal authorities – on pledges to give the issue more resources and attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monitors are also bracing for the 2020 presidential election – \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/03/23/hate-crimes-rose-the-day-after-trump-was-elected-fbi-data-show/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hate crimes \u003c/a>typically rise in election years, they said, and the divisions now are even deeper than they were in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've seen record spikes in domestic terrorism and anti-Semitic incidents in the past few years,\" said Selim, of the ADL. \"So we'll unfortunately continue to be on edge as the new year approaches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=2019+Brought+Stepped-Up+Efforts+To+Counter+White+Supremacist+Violence+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The torch-wielding racists who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/03/653902775/4-white-supremacists-charged-in-deadly-2017-charlottesville-rally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">marched on Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/a>, two years ago showed the ugly new face of the far right. Their deadly rally shocked the nation into paying attention to how racial hatred could turn into \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/28/755050335/charlottesville-victims-use-post-slavery-kkk-law-to-go-after-hate-groups\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">organized violence.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if 2017 was the wake-up call, 2019 was the year the call was answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did see movement in public policy and public rhetoric on violence inspired by white supremacy and white nationalism,\" said George Selim, who oversees the Anti-Defamation League's \u003ca href=\"https://www.adl.org/what-we-do/combat-hate/extremism-terrorism-bigotry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Extremism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Sept. 11 attacks, the nation's security apparatus has fixated almost exclusively on Islamist extremists, fighting them with FBI task forces, prevention programs and military operations abroad. That focus has persisted even though the far right – primarily violent white supremacists — has been the deadlier and more active threat in the United States for years, according to the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the decline of jihadist attacks and the rise of far-right violence, that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/rise-of-far-right-violence-leads-some-to-call-for-realignment-of-post-911-national-security-priorities/2019/08/05/5a9b43da-b7ad-11e9-a091-6a96e67d9cce_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">focus is shifting\u003c/a>. The past year brought a raft of new efforts to better understand and fight a resurgent far right, including from law enforcement and academics. The change is gradual, Selim emphasized, but the public and policy response is finally starting to catch up with the domestic threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of congressional hearings on these topics in 2019 was significant, and an important metric of the seriousness of these threats at the national level,\" Selim said. \"And many members of Congress, both Democrats and Republicans, have used their public profiles to condemn these lethal forms of violent extremism, but more still needs to be done to appropriately resource these threats at the federal, state and local levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the responses to far-right violence in the past year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Congressional committees held at least four hearings on hate crimes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711693266/house-hearing-on-white-nationalism-deteriorated-into-partisan-bickering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">white nationalism\u003c/a>, calling on \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/wray-says-fbi-has-recorded-about-100-domestic-terrorism-arrests-in-fiscal-2019-and-most-investigations-involve-white-supremacy/2019/07/23/600d49a6-aca1-11e9-bc5c-e73b603e7f38_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">counterterrorism officials\u003c/a> to treat far-right militants as seriously as they do jihadists.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two U.S. senators, one Republican and one Democratic,\u003ca href=\"https://www.lawfareblog.com/proposed-bills-would-help-combat-domestic-terrorism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> introduced bills \u003c/a>that would give federal authorities tools similar to those used to combat Islamist extremists. The issue remains controversial because of questions of free speech and other concerns.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Department of Homeland Security, DHS, unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">strategic plan\u003c/a> that pledged more resources for fighting far-right extremism – a surprise from an agency that previously focused almost exclusively on Islamist militancy. The introduction to the document stated, \"As the threats evolve, we must do so as well.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The NYPD — the nation's biggest police department — opened a new intelligence unit called \u003ca href=\"https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/12/11/new-nypd-reme-unit-to-fight-extremism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">REME\u003c/a>, for Racially and Ethnically Motivated Extremism. The announcement comes after New York City saw an uptick in bias-motivated attacks.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Academics across the United States who study the far right formed the Consortium on Hate and Political Extremism, saying they felt compelled to help teach the public about the evolving threat. It's modeled after Europe's Center for Research on Extremism, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">C-REX\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Extremism monitors say some of the measures have been in the works for a while, but were accelerated by the pace and violence of incidents. In 2019, white supremacists staged several high-profile attacks around the world, from the mass killing in March of Muslim worshipers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/22/705595367/my-heart-was-broken-mourners-in-new-zealand-bury-victims-of-mosque-shootings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christchurch, New Zealand\u003c/a>, to the massacre of Latino shoppers at a Walmart in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/06/748565589/remembering-the-22-people-killed-in-attack-at-an-el-paso-shopping-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Paso, Texas\u003c/a>, in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's response to those two attacks suggested that the White House, too, evolved over the year. After the New Zealand attack, Trump was asked if he thought white nationalism was a growing threat and \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/salvadorhernandez/trump-white-nationalists-new-zealand-mosque-christchurch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he replied,\u003c/a> \"I don't, really,\" and shrugged it off as \"a small group of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five months later, after the El Paso attack, Trump issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/05/748190808/trump-calls-for-strong-background-checks-following-el-paso-and-dayton-shootings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full-throated condemnation\u003c/a> of white supremacy, saying \"hate has no home in America.\" Civil rights activists said it was the kind of response they'd hoped for after the Charlottesville neo-Nazi rally, when the president made his now-infamous \"very fine people on both sides\" statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After El Paso, there was no such equivocating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The shooter in El Paso posted a manifesto online consumed by racist hate,\" Trump said in televised remarks. \"In one voice, our nation must condemn racism, bigotry and white supremacy. These sinister ideologies must be defeated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steps toward a more robust response to the far-right threat are tentative for now. Extremism trackers said they'll be watching for follow-through in 2020 – from the White House, from Congress, from federal authorities – on pledges to give the issue more resources and attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monitors are also bracing for the 2020 presidential election – \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/03/23/hate-crimes-rose-the-day-after-trump-was-elected-fbi-data-show/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hate crimes \u003c/a>typically rise in election years, they said, and the divisions now are even deeper than they were in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've seen record spikes in domestic terrorism and anti-Semitic incidents in the past few years,\" said Selim, of the ADL. \"So we'll unfortunately continue to be on edge as the new year approaches.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=2019+Brought+Stepped-Up+Efforts+To+Counter+White+Supremacist+Violence+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Steps Up Deportations to Iraq, Despite Worsening Violence There",
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"content": "\u003cp>The apartment in Baghdad where Jimmy Aldaoud lived — and died, just two months after being deported from the U.S. — has been cleaned and emptied. But on the windowsill in the bedroom, there's a remnant of the fear he felt about being sent to a country where he'd never been: two plastic toy pistols with orange foam tips and bright pink suction-cup darts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would sleep with these in his hands,\" says Samir Kada, another deportee from the U.S. who lives next door and looked out for him. \"He said, 'If anybody comes, I'm going to pull it on them. I swear to God.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud, 41, died Aug. 6, two weeks after\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/2228632/videos/10111835012432033/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> making a video\u003c/a> saying he was scared and sick, and begging to go back to the United States. His family and friends say he had diabetes and had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the apartment, next to the toy guns, there's an unused syringe for the insulin Aldaoud would forget to refrigerate and leave out in the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud's death caused an outcry in his Michigan community of Chaldean Christians, a minority that, along with other minorities, has faced discrimination and sometimes persecution and even targeted killings in Iraq. Human rights groups and members of Congress have called for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2537/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> to delay deportations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='Related Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration ordered stepped-up deportations of Iraqis convicted of felonies who were in the U.S. legally but had not become citizens. U.S. and international law prevent deportation back to countries where deportees would be under threat. But ICE has continued to deport Iraqis to a country now wracked by anti-government protests and renewed violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the deportees hadn't seen Iraq since they were children, and some had never seen it at all. Most served time for felonies in U.S. prisons years ago, and those convictions have prevented them from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud was born in Greece to Iraqi refugee parents who came to the U.S. legally in 1979, when he was a baby. He spoke no Arabic and had never been to Iraq when ICE picked him up in Michigan as part of a sweep in 2017. He'd served time for convictions in a series of criminal charges over the course of two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After almost two years in immigration detention, the 41-year-old Christian man was sent to Najaf, a Shiite holy city in southern Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His family called me. They told me, 'Please go pick up Jimmy.' I mean, you know, he ain't got no papers. He ain't got no clothes — nothing, nothing — not even a penny,\" says Kada, another member of Michigan's Chaldean Christian community, deported in 2018. \"Anyways, he came, and he went into a depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada and others who knew Aldaoud say he was afraid to leave the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He talked to himself all day — 'God, please take me back home; please, God, I don't know nothing over here. I'm scared. I'm Christian. I'm this, I'm that.' He was walking over here naked, like, with no clothes. I told him, 'We can't do that over here.' Like, he was going crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, 39, says ICE deported Aldaoud with a month's worth of insulin and no other medication. Asked by NPR, ICE would say only that it deported him with an adequate supply of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud called Kada in early August, crying, saying he was on the floor and he couldn't breathe. An ambulance took Aldaoud to the hospital, which discharged him a few hours later. When an Iraqi friend checked on him later that same day, he found Aldaoud lifeless on the floor. The morgue listed Aldaoud's cause of death as heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"I don't have anything to prove who I am\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of the deportees have no valid Iraqi identification documents. They are sent from the U.S. with no passport, only a one-way travel document known as a \u003cem>laissez passer,\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy in Washington, D.C. With no way to prove who they are, they are subject to arrest at Iraqi checkpoints, can't rent apartments or even receive money via wire transfers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't speak Arabic,\" says Kada. \"We can't read and write. We can't do nothing. We can't go anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nashat Butris was deported in July with no money and no clothes. He says he stayed with Jimmy Aldaoud for a few days when he arrived. Now he has a bunk in a sparsely furnished room at a shelter run by a church in Baghdad. He has no relatives in Iraq and speaks only broken Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Samir Kada']'We can't read and write. We can't do nothing. We can't go anywhere.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just shocking. Everything is shocking to me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butris' deportation resulted from a conviction for cocaine possession years ago. The\u003cem> laissez passer\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy includes a photo of him wearing an orange prison jumpsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This government here, they're not believing in this travel document,\" he says. \"I have no IDs and I'm not allowed to leave this compound because I don't have anything to prove who I am.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, who owned businesses in Michigan, is luckier than most. He has money — enough to pay for the Iraqi ID he says cost him $6,000, and which allows him greater freedom of movement than other deportees. But most, like Butris and Aldaoud, have little or nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, the Iraqi Embassy has issued travel documents for about 140 Iraqis due to be deported, according to a foreign ministry official in Baghdad who asked not to be identified in order to speak with NPR candidly. So far, about 60 of those 140 have been deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Aldaoud's death, the embassy stopped issuing travel documents for those scheduled for deportation but known to have significant health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud,\" said the foreign ministry source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the deportees agree to be sent to Iraq simply to avoid what ICE tells them could be years in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honestly, the pressure that the United States government put on me and what I had to endure, this was the only way to get physical freedom,\" explains Benjamin Rayes, 47, a machine tool autoworker in Michigan who was deported to Iraq in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rayes served four years in a U.S. prison for insurance fraud. After his release from a halfway house two years ago, ICE arrested him and placed him in immigration detention before putting him on a plane to Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Benjamin Rayes']'Honestly, the pressure that the United States government put on me and what I had to endure, this was the only way to get physical freedom'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His life so far in Iraq is tightly constrained. The father of two girls, ages 7 and 10, Rayes says he was interrogated for hours when he landed in Baghdad without an Iraqi ID. His Chaldean Christian family is originally from the north of Iraq, but all of his relatives have emigrated. For now, he's staying with friends of friends in the south of Iraq. Without ID, he can't travel even within the country to apply for the documents he needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the challenges facing deportees is the worsening violence since anti-government protests began raging in Baghdad and the southern provinces in October. Iranian-backed militias that are believed responsible for killing and abducting protesters blame \"U.S. agents\" for fomenting the protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already in danger of arrest and detention, Iraqis affiliated with the U.S. risk being accused of being U.S. spies. For many deportees, tattoos, American accents and lack of Arabic language skills make them easy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite intense pressure on Iraq to accept more deportees, Iraq refused until last year to issue travel documents for Iraqi citizens who refuse deportation. That policy changed with a new Iraqi government last year, according to another foreign ministry official, who asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to speak publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"They tell me I'm not welcome\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Almost two years after he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/26/662218863/they-know-i-m-different-deportee-struggles-in-iraq-after-decades-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deported\u003c/a>, Naser al-Shimary lives in fear in southern Iraq. He was beaten last year by a group of strangers, and his neighbors were too frightened to help him. Now he sleeps with a kitchen knife next to him for protection. At night, he padlocks himself into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People refer to me as 'the American,' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Samir Kada and other deportees, Shimary has visible tattoos, uncommon in Iraq. He says mosques refuse to let him in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me I'm not welcome because tattoos signify bad character,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loves his pet dog, but that's caused trouble for him too. People in his neighborhood tell him dogs are religiously unclean and he fears she will be poisoned. \"She is all the friends and family I have here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shimary, who used to play chess with Jimmy Aldaoud back in the U.S. while they were both in ICE detention, is a U.S.-certified mechanic. But he has struggled to find work in the south and is afraid to take a job in Baghdad or farther north, areas he thinks would be even more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the U.S., he had an auto body shop. His partner and son, who recently turned 5, are still there. The two visited him in Baghdad last year, but Shimary believes it's too dangerous in Iraq for them to return. He's hoping to find a way to resettle in another country with his family. For now, he relies on video calls to his son — including one to wish him happy birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'Papa, I saved you a piece of cake. If you want it, you gotta come here and get it,' \" he says. Shimary says he laughed, \"because I can't show weakness,\" but says it hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he won't be going back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Steps+Up+Deportations+To+Iraq%2C+Despite+Worsening+Violence+There&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The apartment in Baghdad where Jimmy Aldaoud lived — and died, just two months after being deported from the U.S. — has been cleaned and emptied. But on the windowsill in the bedroom, there's a remnant of the fear he felt about being sent to a country where he'd never been: two plastic toy pistols with orange foam tips and bright pink suction-cup darts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would sleep with these in his hands,\" says Samir Kada, another deportee from the U.S. who lives next door and looked out for him. \"He said, 'If anybody comes, I'm going to pull it on them. I swear to God.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud, 41, died Aug. 6, two weeks after\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/2228632/videos/10111835012432033/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> making a video\u003c/a> saying he was scared and sick, and begging to go back to the United States. His family and friends say he had diabetes and had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the apartment, next to the toy guns, there's an unused syringe for the insulin Aldaoud would forget to refrigerate and leave out in the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud's death caused an outcry in his Michigan community of Chaldean Christians, a minority that, along with other minorities, has faced discrimination and sometimes persecution and even targeted killings in Iraq. Human rights groups and members of Congress have called for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2537/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> to delay deportations.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the Trump administration ordered stepped-up deportations of Iraqis convicted of felonies who were in the U.S. legally but had not become citizens. U.S. and international law prevent deportation back to countries where deportees would be under threat. But ICE has continued to deport Iraqis to a country now wracked by anti-government protests and renewed violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the deportees hadn't seen Iraq since they were children, and some had never seen it at all. Most served time for felonies in U.S. prisons years ago, and those convictions have prevented them from becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud was born in Greece to Iraqi refugee parents who came to the U.S. legally in 1979, when he was a baby. He spoke no Arabic and had never been to Iraq when ICE picked him up in Michigan as part of a sweep in 2017. He'd served time for convictions in a series of criminal charges over the course of two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After almost two years in immigration detention, the 41-year-old Christian man was sent to Najaf, a Shiite holy city in southern Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His family called me. They told me, 'Please go pick up Jimmy.' I mean, you know, he ain't got no papers. He ain't got no clothes — nothing, nothing — not even a penny,\" says Kada, another member of Michigan's Chaldean Christian community, deported in 2018. \"Anyways, he came, and he went into a depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada and others who knew Aldaoud say he was afraid to leave the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He talked to himself all day — 'God, please take me back home; please, God, I don't know nothing over here. I'm scared. I'm Christian. I'm this, I'm that.' He was walking over here naked, like, with no clothes. I told him, 'We can't do that over here.' Like, he was going crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, 39, says ICE deported Aldaoud with a month's worth of insulin and no other medication. Asked by NPR, ICE would say only that it deported him with an adequate supply of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldaoud called Kada in early August, crying, saying he was on the floor and he couldn't breathe. An ambulance took Aldaoud to the hospital, which discharged him a few hours later. When an Iraqi friend checked on him later that same day, he found Aldaoud lifeless on the floor. The morgue listed Aldaoud's cause of death as heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"I don't have anything to prove who I am\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of the deportees have no valid Iraqi identification documents. They are sent from the U.S. with no passport, only a one-way travel document known as a \u003cem>laissez passer,\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy in Washington, D.C. With no way to prove who they are, they are subject to arrest at Iraqi checkpoints, can't rent apartments or even receive money via wire transfers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't speak Arabic,\" says Kada. \"We can't read and write. We can't do nothing. We can't go anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nashat Butris was deported in July with no money and no clothes. He says he stayed with Jimmy Aldaoud for a few days when he arrived. Now he has a bunk in a sparsely furnished room at a shelter run by a church in Baghdad. He has no relatives in Iraq and speaks only broken Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just shocking. Everything is shocking to me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butris' deportation resulted from a conviction for cocaine possession years ago. The\u003cem> laissez passer\u003c/em> issued by the Iraqi Embassy includes a photo of him wearing an orange prison jumpsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This government here, they're not believing in this travel document,\" he says. \"I have no IDs and I'm not allowed to leave this compound because I don't have anything to prove who I am.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kada, who owned businesses in Michigan, is luckier than most. He has money — enough to pay for the Iraqi ID he says cost him $6,000, and which allows him greater freedom of movement than other deportees. But most, like Butris and Aldaoud, have little or nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, the Iraqi Embassy has issued travel documents for about 140 Iraqis due to be deported, according to a foreign ministry official in Baghdad who asked not to be identified in order to speak with NPR candidly. So far, about 60 of those 140 have been deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Aldaoud's death, the embassy stopped issuing travel documents for those scheduled for deportation but known to have significant health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't want another Jimmy Aldaoud,\" said the foreign ministry source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the deportees agree to be sent to Iraq simply to avoid what ICE tells them could be years in immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honestly, the pressure that the United States government put on me and what I had to endure, this was the only way to get physical freedom,\" explains Benjamin Rayes, 47, a machine tool autoworker in Michigan who was deported to Iraq in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rayes served four years in a U.S. prison for insurance fraud. After his release from a halfway house two years ago, ICE arrested him and placed him in immigration detention before putting him on a plane to Baghdad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His life so far in Iraq is tightly constrained. The father of two girls, ages 7 and 10, Rayes says he was interrogated for hours when he landed in Baghdad without an Iraqi ID. His Chaldean Christian family is originally from the north of Iraq, but all of his relatives have emigrated. For now, he's staying with friends of friends in the south of Iraq. Without ID, he can't travel even within the country to apply for the documents he needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the challenges facing deportees is the worsening violence since anti-government protests began raging in Baghdad and the southern provinces in October. Iranian-backed militias that are believed responsible for killing and abducting protesters blame \"U.S. agents\" for fomenting the protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already in danger of arrest and detention, Iraqis affiliated with the U.S. risk being accused of being U.S. spies. For many deportees, tattoos, American accents and lack of Arabic language skills make them easy targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite intense pressure on Iraq to accept more deportees, Iraq refused until last year to issue travel documents for Iraqi citizens who refuse deportation. That policy changed with a new Iraqi government last year, according to another foreign ministry official, who asked not to be identified because he was not authorized to speak publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\"They tell me I'm not welcome\"\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Almost two years after he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/26/662218863/they-know-i-m-different-deportee-struggles-in-iraq-after-decades-living-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deported\u003c/a>, Naser al-Shimary lives in fear in southern Iraq. He was beaten last year by a group of strangers, and his neighbors were too frightened to help him. Now he sleeps with a kitchen knife next to him for protection. At night, he padlocks himself into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People refer to me as 'the American,' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Samir Kada and other deportees, Shimary has visible tattoos, uncommon in Iraq. He says mosques refuse to let him in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me I'm not welcome because tattoos signify bad character,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loves his pet dog, but that's caused trouble for him too. People in his neighborhood tell him dogs are religiously unclean and he fears she will be poisoned. \"She is all the friends and family I have here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shimary, who used to play chess with Jimmy Aldaoud back in the U.S. while they were both in ICE detention, is a U.S.-certified mechanic. But he has struggled to find work in the south and is afraid to take a job in Baghdad or farther north, areas he thinks would be even more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the U.S., he had an auto body shop. His partner and son, who recently turned 5, are still there. The two visited him in Baghdad last year, but Shimary believes it's too dangerous in Iraq for them to return. He's hoping to find a way to resettle in another country with his family. For now, he relies on video calls to his son — including one to wish him happy birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like, 'Papa, I saved you a piece of cake. If you want it, you gotta come here and get it,' \" he says. Shimary says he laughed, \"because I can't show weakness,\" but says it hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he won't be going back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Steps+Up+Deportations+To+Iraq%2C+Despite+Worsening+Violence+There&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Spotify announced on Friday that it will no longer sell political advertisements for its streaming service starting in early 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://adage.com/article/digital/spotify-suspend-political-ads-2020/2224281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to Ad Age.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change will apply to the company’s ad-supported music streaming service and its podcasts. As \u003cem>Ad Age \u003c/em>reported, it will only affect the U.S. because it is the only country where the company has sold political ads previously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='political-ads' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move by Spotify follows similar decisions by Twitter and Google ahead of the 2020 presidential election. In October, Twitter CEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774865522/twitter-to-halt-political-ads-in-contrast-to-facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jack Dorsey announced\u003c/a> that the social media platform would halt political advertising worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Google released its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.blog.google/technology/ads/update-our-political-ads-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">updated policies\u003c/a> around political ads, saying they would be allowed, but that advertisers would only be able to target to audiences using general categories of age, gender and postal code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Spotify’s statement to \u003cem>Ad Age,\u003c/em> the company did not rule out the possibility of running political ads in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point in time, we do not yet have the necessary level of robustness in our process, systems and tools to responsibly validate and review this content,” the company said in a statement. “We will reassess this decision as we continue to evolve our capabilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Facebook has said it will continue to allow political ads as it has, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774646244/facebook-feels-pressure-on-political-ad-policy\">despite pressure\u003c/a> from lawmakers, civil rights groups and some of the company’s own employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Spotify+Becomes+Latest+Tech+Company+To+Hit+Pause+On+Political+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Spotify announced on Friday that it will no longer sell political advertisements for its streaming service starting in early 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://adage.com/article/digital/spotify-suspend-political-ads-2020/2224281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to Ad Age.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change will apply to the company’s ad-supported music streaming service and its podcasts. As \u003cem>Ad Age \u003c/em>reported, it will only affect the U.S. because it is the only country where the company has sold political ads previously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move by Spotify follows similar decisions by Twitter and Google ahead of the 2020 presidential election. In October, Twitter CEO \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774865522/twitter-to-halt-political-ads-in-contrast-to-facebook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jack Dorsey announced\u003c/a> that the social media platform would halt political advertising worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Google released its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.blog.google/technology/ads/update-our-political-ads-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">updated policies\u003c/a> around political ads, saying they would be allowed, but that advertisers would only be able to target to audiences using general categories of age, gender and postal code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Spotify’s statement to \u003cem>Ad Age,\u003c/em> the company did not rule out the possibility of running political ads in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point in time, we do not yet have the necessary level of robustness in our process, systems and tools to responsibly validate and review this content,” the company said in a statement. “We will reassess this decision as we continue to evolve our capabilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Facebook has said it will continue to allow political ads as it has, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774646244/facebook-feels-pressure-on-political-ad-policy\">despite pressure\u003c/a> from lawmakers, civil rights groups and some of the company’s own employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Spotify+Becomes+Latest+Tech+Company+To+Hit+Pause+On+Political+Ads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dec. 30 is the deadline to \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=USCIS-2019-0010-0001\">submit a comment\u003c/a> to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services over a proposed fee hike to access some genealogy files, some of which date back more than 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS wants to increase the fee for obtaining immigration files by 500%, which means some people would have to pay more than $600 for the documents. The move would affect families of the millions of people who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is immigration history,\" \u003ca href=\"https://easterneuropeanmutt.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Renée Carl\u003c/a>, a genealogist in Washington, D.C. who works with clients who use the records, tells NPR's David Greene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone is coming from a displaced persons camp in Europe, they would have filled out all this paperwork while still in Europe,\" Carl says. \"Then you get the information on when they come in. You get a photograph if there's a visa file. You almost always get a photograph.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are millions of records held at the agency, Carl says. These include \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/a-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alien registration files\u003c/a>, files for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-k-chapter-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certificates of naturalization\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visa files\u003c/a>, if one applied for a visa to come to the United States. \"There might be something called a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/registry-files-image-galleries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">registry file\u003c/a> if, during the process of naturalization, the government couldn't find you on a ship manifest, so they were trying to document how you entered the country in the first place,\" Carl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people trying to trace their family histories, these files can offer critical information, including photos. She says genealogical research goes beyond just wanting to know relatives' names; people want to understand the kind of lives their ancestors lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes you've never seen a picture of your great-grandfather or your grandfather other than as a grandfather, not as a young person,\" Carl says. \"This gives you a way to understand what their lives were like when you can't ask them the questions anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when the files don't contain photos, they almost always include a signature, Carl says, \"which is a way to have that human touch in a record.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS documents can be especially important for populations in the U.S. affected by discriminatory immigration laws, Carl says. These groups include Japanese-born residents who were denied citizenship until after World War II and people of Chinese descent who were subject to immigration and citizenship restrictions between the 1870s and the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl and colleagues have \u003ca href=\"https://www.recordsnotrevenue.com/\">created a website\u003c/a> with more information on the files USCIS has, the proposed fees, as well as how to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she first learned about the value of immigration documents when doing research on her own family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandfather came to this country as a child and became a citizen,\" she says. \"But in the 1960s, my grandfather had no idea where his certificate of naturalization was. He wanted a copy of it that had his name on it. And he also needed to prove how old he was to Social Security so he could start collecting his benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Renée Carl, genealogist']'This gives you a way to understand what their lives were like when you can't ask them the questions anymore.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd come from Eastern Europe as a child and Carl's grandfather did not have a birth certificate, so in order to prove his age, Carl found letters in his file from the St. Louis school board saying that he started first grade at age 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It gave the name of the school that he attended. These are little things, but it gave me this insight into a person as a child,\" she says. \"You realize they had this whole life that they lived. So these records are one way to take a peek back into a different part of our immigrant ancestors' lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the fee increases go through, Carl says, it would cost a minimum of $240 to simply put in a search request for records from USCIS. The fee would cover some records, she says, \"But if there is a paper file, they would add on another $385 to the fee. So that's a total of $625 for one file on one person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, it costs about $65 for a search and another $65 to receive the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge difference,\" says Carl. \"It's already expensive for records that should be at the National Archives. Many of these records should be at National Archives and free for people to access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-proposes-adjust-fees-meet-operational-needs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> says the fees are needed to cover the costs of processing these applications. But Carl says the fees are redundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our immigrant ancestors paid and filed fees when they filled out the forms in the first place. If these records were transferred over to the National Archives, they would be available for research, and these records would then be held in a place that's used to handling records all the time, not in an agency that focuses on immigration and naturalization,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Gisele Grayson and Jon Hamilton produced this story for the Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tracing+Your+Family%27s+Roots+May+Soon+Get+A+Lot+More+Expensive+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Access to some genealogical records kept by the U.S. government may get a lot more expensive to obtain, especially for those seeking family records for immigrants from the late 1800s to mid 1900s.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dec. 30 is the deadline to \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=USCIS-2019-0010-0001\">submit a comment\u003c/a> to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services over a proposed fee hike to access some genealogy files, some of which date back more than 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS wants to increase the fee for obtaining immigration files by 500%, which means some people would have to pay more than $600 for the documents. The move would affect families of the millions of people who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is immigration history,\" \u003ca href=\"https://easterneuropeanmutt.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Renée Carl\u003c/a>, a genealogist in Washington, D.C. who works with clients who use the records, tells NPR's David Greene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone is coming from a displaced persons camp in Europe, they would have filled out all this paperwork while still in Europe,\" Carl says. \"Then you get the information on when they come in. You get a photograph if there's a visa file. You almost always get a photograph.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are millions of records held at the agency, Carl says. These include \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/a-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alien registration files\u003c/a>, files for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-k-chapter-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certificates of naturalization\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/visa-files-july-1-1924-march-31-1944\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visa files\u003c/a>, if one applied for a visa to come to the United States. \"There might be something called a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/history-and-genealogy/genealogy/registry-files-image-galleries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">registry file\u003c/a> if, during the process of naturalization, the government couldn't find you on a ship manifest, so they were trying to document how you entered the country in the first place,\" Carl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people trying to trace their family histories, these files can offer critical information, including photos. She says genealogical research goes beyond just wanting to know relatives' names; people want to understand the kind of lives their ancestors lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes you've never seen a picture of your great-grandfather or your grandfather other than as a grandfather, not as a young person,\" Carl says. \"This gives you a way to understand what their lives were like when you can't ask them the questions anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when the files don't contain photos, they almost always include a signature, Carl says, \"which is a way to have that human touch in a record.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS documents can be especially important for populations in the U.S. affected by discriminatory immigration laws, Carl says. These groups include Japanese-born residents who were denied citizenship until after World War II and people of Chinese descent who were subject to immigration and citizenship restrictions between the 1870s and the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl and colleagues have \u003ca href=\"https://www.recordsnotrevenue.com/\">created a website\u003c/a> with more information on the files USCIS has, the proposed fees, as well as how to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she first learned about the value of immigration documents when doing research on her own family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My grandfather came to this country as a child and became a citizen,\" she says. \"But in the 1960s, my grandfather had no idea where his certificate of naturalization was. He wanted a copy of it that had his name on it. And he also needed to prove how old he was to Social Security so he could start collecting his benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd come from Eastern Europe as a child and Carl's grandfather did not have a birth certificate, so in order to prove his age, Carl found letters in his file from the St. Louis school board saying that he started first grade at age 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It gave the name of the school that he attended. These are little things, but it gave me this insight into a person as a child,\" she says. \"You realize they had this whole life that they lived. So these records are one way to take a peek back into a different part of our immigrant ancestors' lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the fee increases go through, Carl says, it would cost a minimum of $240 to simply put in a search request for records from USCIS. The fee would cover some records, she says, \"But if there is a paper file, they would add on another $385 to the fee. So that's a total of $625 for one file on one person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, it costs about $65 for a search and another $65 to receive the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a huge difference,\" says Carl. \"It's already expensive for records that should be at the National Archives. Many of these records should be at National Archives and free for people to access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A USCIS \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-proposes-adjust-fees-meet-operational-needs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a> says the fees are needed to cover the costs of processing these applications. But Carl says the fees are redundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our immigrant ancestors paid and filed fees when they filled out the forms in the first place. If these records were transferred over to the National Archives, they would be available for research, and these records would then be held in a place that's used to handling records all the time, not in an agency that focuses on immigration and naturalization,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Gisele Grayson and Jon Hamilton produced this story for the Web. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tracing+Your+Family%27s+Roots+May+Soon+Get+A+Lot+More+Expensive+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Mass Killings Hit New High in 2019, Most Were Shootings",
"title": "U.S. Mass Killings Hit New High in 2019, Most Were Shootings",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The first one occurred 19 days into the new year when a man used an ax to kill four family members including his infant daughter. Five months later, 12 people were \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/a4b676d0a3494be0b1e0f21483e4248e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">killed in a workplace shooting\u003c/a> in Virginia. Twenty-two more died at a Walmart in El Paso in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A database compiled by The Associated Press, USA Today and Northeastern University shows that there were more mass killings in 2019 than any year dating back to at least the 1970s, punctuated by a chilling succession of deadly rampages during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there were 41 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings. More than 210 people were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='mass-shootings' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the mass killings barely became national news, failing to resonate among the general public because they didn't spill into public places like massacres in El Paso and Odessa, Texas; Dayton, Ohio; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b8ead490e3616d7234442b5b2c63e6d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jersey City, New Jersey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the killings involved people who knew each other — family disputes, drug or gang violence or people with beefs that directed their anger at co-workers or relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, what set off the perpetrator remains a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the case with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c8d1efdbe90047ae9bd270ff6f41666b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the very first mass killing of 2019\u003c/a>, when a 42-year-old man took an ax and stabbed to death his mother, stepfather, girlfriend and 9-month-old daughter in Clackamas County, Oregon. Two others, a roommate and an 8-year-old girl managed to escape; the rampage ended when responding police fatally shot the killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perpetrator had had occasional run-ins with police over the years, but what drove him to attack his family remains unknown. He had just gotten a job training mechanics at an auto dealership, and despite occasional arguments with his relatives, most said there was nothing out of the ordinary that raised significant red flags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident in Oregon was one of 18 mass killings where family members were slain, and one of six that didn't involve a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other trends in 2019:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The 41 mass killings were the most in a single year since the AP/USA Today and Northeastern database began tracking such events back to 2006, but other research going back to the 1970s shows no other year with as many mass slayings. The second-most killings in a year prior to 2019 was 38 in 2006.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The 211 people killed in this year's cases is still eclipsed by the 224 victims in 2017, when the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/LasVegasmassshooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deadliest mass shooting\u003c/a> in modern U.S. history took place in Las Vegas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California, with some of the most strict gun laws in the country, had the most, with eight such mass slayings. But nearly half of U.S. states experienced a mass slaying, from big cities like New York, to tiny towns \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c7e0a3ecd4144a2d9001c0eb71f5b113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">like Elkmont, Alabama\u003c/a>, with a population of just under 475 people.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Firearms were the weapon in all but eight of the mass killings. Other weapons included knives, axes and at least twice when the perpetrator set a mobile home on fire, killing those inside.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nine mass shootings occurred in a public place. Other mass killings occurred in homes, in the workplace or at a bar.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>James Densley, a criminologist and professor at Metropolitan State University in Minnesota, said the AP/USA Today/Northeastern database confirms and mirrors what his own research into exclusively mass shootings has shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What makes this even more exceptional is that mass killings are going up at a time when general homicides, overall homicides, are going down,\" Densley said. \"As a percentage of homicides, these mass killings are also accounting for more deaths.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes it's partially a byproduct of an \"angry and frustrated time\" that we are living in. Densley also said crime tends to go in waves with the 1970s and 1980s seeing a number of serial killers, the 1990s marked by school shootings and child abductions and the early 2000s dominated by concerns over terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This seems to be the age of mass shootings,\" Densley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and James Alan Fox, a criminologist and professor at Northeastern University, also expressed worries about the \"contagion effect,\" the focus on mass killings fueling other mass killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are still rare events. Clearly the risk is low but the fear is high,\" Fox said. \"What fuels contagion is fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mass shootings this year include the three in August in Texas \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3b1b785f5b364d9da050bec3d0d48312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">and Dayton\u003c/a> that stirred fresh urgency, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f1978eb16a3e4916afa18f91783e837e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">especially among Democratic presidential candidates\u003c/a>, to restrict access to firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the large death tolls attracted much of the attention, the killings inflicted a mental and physical toll on dozens of others. The database does not have a complete count of victims who were wounded, but among the three mass shootings in August alone, more than 65 people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Criminologist and Professor James Densley']'What makes this even more exceptional is that mass killings are going up at a time when general homicides, overall homicides, are going down'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Munoz, 28, of Odessa, was caught in the crossfire of the shooting that took place \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/42014c1117d24ec0a7ebbfb68c68ea67\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">between a 10-mile\u003c/a> (16-kilometer) stretch in West Texas. He was on his way to meet a friend at a bar when he saw a gunman and the barrel of a firearm. Instinctively, he got down just as his car was sprayed with bullets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munoz, who moved to Texas about a year ago to work in the oil industry, said he had actually been on edge since the Walmart shooting, which took place just 28 days earlier and about 300 miles (480 kilometers) away, worried that a shooting could happen anywhere at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers calling his mother \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/294409121127408c86694d98ee68cc21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the El Paso shooting\u003c/a> to encourage her to have a firearm at home or with her in case she needed to defend herself. He would say the same to friends, telling them before they went to a Walmart to bring a firearm in case they needed to protect themselves or others during an attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't just always assume you're safe. In that moment, as soon as the El Paso shooting happened, I was on edge,\" Munoz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to his anxiety is that, as a convicted felon, he's prohibited from possessing a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, as he sat behind the wheel of his car, he spotted the driver of an approaching car wielding a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My worst nightmare became a reality,\" he said. \"I'm the middle of a gunfight and I have no way to defend myself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the months since, the self-described social butterfly steers clear of crowds and can only tolerate so much socializing. He still drives the same car, still riddled with bullet holes on the side panels, a bullet hole in the headrest of the passenger seat and the words \"evidence\" scrawled on the doors. His shoulder remains pocked with bullet fragments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Lisa Marie Pane\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first one occurred 19 days into the new year when a man used an ax to kill four family members including his infant daughter. Five months later, 12 people were \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/a4b676d0a3494be0b1e0f21483e4248e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">killed in a workplace shooting\u003c/a> in Virginia. Twenty-two more died at a Walmart in El Paso in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A database compiled by The Associated Press, USA Today and Northeastern University shows that there were more mass killings in 2019 than any year dating back to at least the 1970s, punctuated by a chilling succession of deadly rampages during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there were 41 mass killings, defined as when four or more people are killed excluding the perpetrator. Of those, 33 were mass shootings. More than 210 people were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the mass killings barely became national news, failing to resonate among the general public because they didn't spill into public places like massacres in El Paso and Odessa, Texas; Dayton, Ohio; Virginia Beach, Virginia; and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/b8ead490e3616d7234442b5b2c63e6d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jersey City, New Jersey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the killings involved people who knew each other — family disputes, drug or gang violence or people with beefs that directed their anger at co-workers or relatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, what set off the perpetrator remains a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the case with \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c8d1efdbe90047ae9bd270ff6f41666b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the very first mass killing of 2019\u003c/a>, when a 42-year-old man took an ax and stabbed to death his mother, stepfather, girlfriend and 9-month-old daughter in Clackamas County, Oregon. Two others, a roommate and an 8-year-old girl managed to escape; the rampage ended when responding police fatally shot the killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perpetrator had had occasional run-ins with police over the years, but what drove him to attack his family remains unknown. He had just gotten a job training mechanics at an auto dealership, and despite occasional arguments with his relatives, most said there was nothing out of the ordinary that raised significant red flags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident in Oregon was one of 18 mass killings where family members were slain, and one of six that didn't involve a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other trends in 2019:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The 41 mass killings were the most in a single year since the AP/USA Today and Northeastern database began tracking such events back to 2006, but other research going back to the 1970s shows no other year with as many mass slayings. The second-most killings in a year prior to 2019 was 38 in 2006.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The 211 people killed in this year's cases is still eclipsed by the 224 victims in 2017, when the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/LasVegasmassshooting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deadliest mass shooting\u003c/a> in modern U.S. history took place in Las Vegas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California, with some of the most strict gun laws in the country, had the most, with eight such mass slayings. But nearly half of U.S. states experienced a mass slaying, from big cities like New York, to tiny towns \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c7e0a3ecd4144a2d9001c0eb71f5b113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">like Elkmont, Alabama\u003c/a>, with a population of just under 475 people.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Firearms were the weapon in all but eight of the mass killings. Other weapons included knives, axes and at least twice when the perpetrator set a mobile home on fire, killing those inside.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Nine mass shootings occurred in a public place. Other mass killings occurred in homes, in the workplace or at a bar.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>James Densley, a criminologist and professor at Metropolitan State University in Minnesota, said the AP/USA Today/Northeastern database confirms and mirrors what his own research into exclusively mass shootings has shown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What makes this even more exceptional is that mass killings are going up at a time when general homicides, overall homicides, are going down,\" Densley said. \"As a percentage of homicides, these mass killings are also accounting for more deaths.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes it's partially a byproduct of an \"angry and frustrated time\" that we are living in. Densley also said crime tends to go in waves with the 1970s and 1980s seeing a number of serial killers, the 1990s marked by school shootings and child abductions and the early 2000s dominated by concerns over terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This seems to be the age of mass shootings,\" Densley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and James Alan Fox, a criminologist and professor at Northeastern University, also expressed worries about the \"contagion effect,\" the focus on mass killings fueling other mass killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are still rare events. Clearly the risk is low but the fear is high,\" Fox said. \"What fuels contagion is fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mass shootings this year include the three in August in Texas \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3b1b785f5b364d9da050bec3d0d48312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">and Dayton\u003c/a> that stirred fresh urgency, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f1978eb16a3e4916afa18f91783e837e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">especially among Democratic presidential candidates\u003c/a>, to restrict access to firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the large death tolls attracted much of the attention, the killings inflicted a mental and physical toll on dozens of others. The database does not have a complete count of victims who were wounded, but among the three mass shootings in August alone, more than 65 people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Munoz, 28, of Odessa, was caught in the crossfire of the shooting that took place \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/42014c1117d24ec0a7ebbfb68c68ea67\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">between a 10-mile\u003c/a> (16-kilometer) stretch in West Texas. He was on his way to meet a friend at a bar when he saw a gunman and the barrel of a firearm. Instinctively, he got down just as his car was sprayed with bullets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munoz, who moved to Texas about a year ago to work in the oil industry, said he had actually been on edge since the Walmart shooting, which took place just 28 days earlier and about 300 miles (480 kilometers) away, worried that a shooting could happen anywhere at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembers calling his mother \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/294409121127408c86694d98ee68cc21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the El Paso shooting\u003c/a> to encourage her to have a firearm at home or with her in case she needed to defend herself. He would say the same to friends, telling them before they went to a Walmart to bring a firearm in case they needed to protect themselves or others during an attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't just always assume you're safe. In that moment, as soon as the El Paso shooting happened, I was on edge,\" Munoz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to his anxiety is that, as a convicted felon, he's prohibited from possessing a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, as he sat behind the wheel of his car, he spotted the driver of an approaching car wielding a firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My worst nightmare became a reality,\" he said. \"I'm the middle of a gunfight and I have no way to defend myself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the months since, the self-described social butterfly steers clear of crowds and can only tolerate so much socializing. He still drives the same car, still riddled with bullet holes on the side panels, a bullet hole in the headrest of the passenger seat and the words \"evidence\" scrawled on the doors. His shoulder remains pocked with bullet fragments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The California Consumer Privacy Act Mandates What, Again, Exactly?",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Jan. 1, the toughest data privacy law in the U.S. goes into effect: the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?division=3.&part=4.&lawCode=CIV&title=1.81.5.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Consumer Privacy Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why you’re seeing a host of emails pop up in your inbox from various companies announcing updates to their terms of service, particularly their privacy policies. With no similar federal law on the horizon, this one is expected to set the standard nationally for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the year, Californians will be able to find out what personal information a business is collecting about them, their devices and their children, said one of the new law’s co-authors, \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/2019/12/mary-stone-ross-joins-epic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mary Stone Ross\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll be able to opt out of the sale of their personal information,” she added. “If a company fails to implement reasonable security practices and their personal information is breached, they’ll be allowed to sue those companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Mary Stone Ross, co-author of the CCPA']‘[Data brokers] are collecting and selling presence of children in household, your religion, if you’re moving or expecting a baby. This is something the CCPA will expose, because now you can read their privacy policy.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies can still collect the data: what you buy, where you go and when, all the photos you’ve ever taken, your emails (even the ones you deleted) and more. But companies now must tell you — when you ask — what they’re collecting and delete it at your request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some companies can deny your request if the data is needed to complete a financial transaction or protect against fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies can’t legally sell that data if you tell them not to. But if they do anyway, you can’t sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only for data breaches. So if certain categories of personal information, for example, your Social Security number, are breached, and a business fails to implement reasonable security practices, then you have cause,” said Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s Attorney General Can Prosecute\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related stories\" tag=\"privacy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Attorney General Xavier Becerra won’t begin to enforce the law until July 1, 2020, but he said he considers the law in effect as of Jan. 1, “right after that first kiss and the hugs and the champagne.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his budget is limited. He said his office is likely to conduct only three enforcement actions a year, though he won’t say against what companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bigger the company, the bigger the problem,” Becerra said. “The bigger the universe that has data that is used in certain ways, that could lead to that violation, the bigger the case will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about a particularly sensitive kind of information his office is keen to prioritize protection of, Becerra said: “I think my health information is sensitive. I think my Social Security number is sensitive. I think my dating patterns, especially since I’m married, would be sensitive,” Becerra said, jokingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More seriously, he added that “aggressive, early, decisive enforcement” is likely to focus on the sale of data involving children. “The last thing you want is for any company to think that we’re going to be soft on letting you misuse kids’ personal information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Tech Giants and Data Brokers are Reacting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Industry groups spent the last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11773365/how-tech-companies-are-trying-to-gut-the-california-consumer-privacy-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trying to rewrite and soften\u003c/a> the law. It’s expected they’ll sue to stop the CCPA’s rollout, even as most have taken some steps to comply with it. Many businesses complain there’s a lack of clarity on the regulations that Becerra’s staff is \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">still \u003c/a>crafting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For businesses, the attorney general’s office has released a Standardized Regulatory Impact Assessment outlining the potential scope of the new law, but businesses want the office to produce sample forms and notices as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, some companies like \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/11/11/microsoft-california-privacy-rights/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Microsoft\u003c/a> are adopting the new rules across the nation immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies are taking a different view. While Facebook has made it easy to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/help/1701730696756992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">download your data\u003c/a> — as has \u003ca href=\"https://help.twitter.com/en/managing-your-account/accessing-your-twitter-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://takeout.google.com/settings/takeout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Google\u003c/a> — the Menlo Park-based social media giant argues it sells advertisers access to you, so it’s up to the advertisers to let you opt out or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re committed to clearly explaining how our products work, including the fact that we do not sell people’s data,” the company posted \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/californias-new-privacy-law/amp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t pass the smell test for a number of industry watchers, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/chris-hoofnagle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chris Hoofnagle\u003c/a>, who teaches tech regulation at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook, in particular, appears to be interpreting the law in a very opportunistic way. So that they don’t actually need to do anything to comply with it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoofnagle thinks the biggest tech companies in Silicon Valley are in a financial position to bet it will be awhile before the attorney general’s office comes for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Chris Hoofnagle, UC Berkeley professor']‘Enforcement is the big unknown here. But Facebook will be in trouble if the attorney general picks up the law and uses it.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money they could make in the meantime is no joke: Facebook made \u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2019/Facebook-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2018-Results/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$55 billion in 2018\u003c/a> providing advertisers access to users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Enforcement is the big unknown here. But Facebook will be in trouble if the attorney general picks up the law and uses it,” Hoofnagle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law applies to any company that meets any one of three thresholds annually: It has at least $25 million in revenue, makes at least half its money by selling data or gathers information on at least 50,000 consumers. Companies that don’t fix violations within 30 days of being notified can be fined up to $7,500 for each intentional violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means the law will impact data brokers — companies built on collecting and selling information whether or not consumers are aware of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data tracking and selling has become big business for a wide variety of companies, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771923/connected-cars-race-to-market-raising-cybersecurity-fears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">automakers\u003c/a>, retailers, software companies and others you may not realize are serving advertisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of us have technically agreed to the tracking and sale by clicking “yes” on those impossible-to-read acceptance forms required to use a host of websites and mobile apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about the last party invitation you received through Evite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re collecting inferences that they glean from the invitation. So they’re collecting and selling presence of children in household, your religion, if you’re moving or expecting a baby,” Mary Ross said. “This is something the CCPA will expose, because now you can read their \u003ca href=\"https://www.evite.com/content/privacy_policy?utm_campaign=privacy_policy&utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_source=GUEST_CONFIRM_RSVP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">privacy policy.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s an excerpt from Evite’s privacy policy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>We may also collect and store personal information about other people that you provide to us when you use our Services, including (without limitation) email address, physical address. So, for example, if you use our Service to send other people a gift, information that may interest them, invitations or correspondence, or other communications through our Services, we may store and use the information you provide to us.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Will the new law make the average California citizen more conscious of data tracking? Data privacy activists like Ross are hoping that even if individuals aren’t keen to dig into the fine print, lawyers and journalists will do so in a way that garners public attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other data privacy laws like this one are expected to crop up in other states too, because there is no federal law — despite the introduction of several bills in Washington D.C., like the \u003ca href=\"https://eshoo.house.gov/news-stories/press-releases/eshoo-lofgren-introduce-the-online-privacy-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Online Privacy Act\u003c/a> put forward by Silicon Valley congresswomen Anna Eshoo and Zoe Lofgren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Industry advocates were worried that other states were going to follow the California and have their own version of the CCPA,” said Ross. “It would probably only take one other state to pass their own version … and then there will be a lot of pressure on Congress to pass federal legislation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Jan. 1, the toughest data privacy law in the U.S. goes into effect: the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?division=3.&part=4.&lawCode=CIV&title=1.81.5.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Consumer Privacy Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why you’re seeing a host of emails pop up in your inbox from various companies announcing updates to their terms of service, particularly their privacy policies. With no similar federal law on the horizon, this one is expected to set the standard nationally for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the year, Californians will be able to find out what personal information a business is collecting about them, their devices and their children, said one of the new law’s co-authors, \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/2019/12/mary-stone-ross-joins-epic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mary Stone Ross\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll be able to opt out of the sale of their personal information,” she added. “If a company fails to implement reasonable security practices and their personal information is breached, they’ll be allowed to sue those companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘[Data brokers] are collecting and selling presence of children in household, your religion, if you’re moving or expecting a baby. This is something the CCPA will expose, because now you can read their privacy policy.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies can still collect the data: what you buy, where you go and when, all the photos you’ve ever taken, your emails (even the ones you deleted) and more. But companies now must tell you — when you ask — what they’re collecting and delete it at your request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some companies can deny your request if the data is needed to complete a financial transaction or protect against fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies can’t legally sell that data if you tell them not to. But if they do anyway, you can’t sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only for data breaches. So if certain categories of personal information, for example, your Social Security number, are breached, and a business fails to implement reasonable security practices, then you have cause,” said Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s Attorney General Can Prosecute\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Attorney General Xavier Becerra won’t begin to enforce the law until July 1, 2020, but he said he considers the law in effect as of Jan. 1, “right after that first kiss and the hugs and the champagne.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his budget is limited. He said his office is likely to conduct only three enforcement actions a year, though he won’t say against what companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bigger the company, the bigger the problem,” Becerra said. “The bigger the universe that has data that is used in certain ways, that could lead to that violation, the bigger the case will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about a particularly sensitive kind of information his office is keen to prioritize protection of, Becerra said: “I think my health information is sensitive. I think my Social Security number is sensitive. I think my dating patterns, especially since I’m married, would be sensitive,” Becerra said, jokingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More seriously, he added that “aggressive, early, decisive enforcement” is likely to focus on the sale of data involving children. “The last thing you want is for any company to think that we’re going to be soft on letting you misuse kids’ personal information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Tech Giants and Data Brokers are Reacting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Industry groups spent the last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11773365/how-tech-companies-are-trying-to-gut-the-california-consumer-privacy-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trying to rewrite and soften\u003c/a> the law. It’s expected they’ll sue to stop the CCPA’s rollout, even as most have taken some steps to comply with it. Many businesses complain there’s a lack of clarity on the regulations that Becerra’s staff is \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">still \u003c/a>crafting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For businesses, the attorney general’s office has released a Standardized Regulatory Impact Assessment outlining the potential scope of the new law, but businesses want the office to produce sample forms and notices as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, some companies like \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2019/11/11/microsoft-california-privacy-rights/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Microsoft\u003c/a> are adopting the new rules across the nation immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies are taking a different view. While Facebook has made it easy to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/help/1701730696756992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">download your data\u003c/a> — as has \u003ca href=\"https://help.twitter.com/en/managing-your-account/accessing-your-twitter-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://takeout.google.com/settings/takeout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Google\u003c/a> — the Menlo Park-based social media giant argues it sells advertisers access to you, so it’s up to the advertisers to let you opt out or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re committed to clearly explaining how our products work, including the fact that we do not sell people’s data,” the company posted \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/californias-new-privacy-law/amp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">online.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t pass the smell test for a number of industry watchers, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/chris-hoofnagle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chris Hoofnagle\u003c/a>, who teaches tech regulation at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook, in particular, appears to be interpreting the law in a very opportunistic way. So that they don’t actually need to do anything to comply with it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoofnagle thinks the biggest tech companies in Silicon Valley are in a financial position to bet it will be awhile before the attorney general’s office comes for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money they could make in the meantime is no joke: Facebook made \u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2019/Facebook-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2018-Results/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$55 billion in 2018\u003c/a> providing advertisers access to users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Enforcement is the big unknown here. But Facebook will be in trouble if the attorney general picks up the law and uses it,” Hoofnagle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law applies to any company that meets any one of three thresholds annually: It has at least $25 million in revenue, makes at least half its money by selling data or gathers information on at least 50,000 consumers. Companies that don’t fix violations within 30 days of being notified can be fined up to $7,500 for each intentional violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means the law will impact data brokers — companies built on collecting and selling information whether or not consumers are aware of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data tracking and selling has become big business for a wide variety of companies, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11771923/connected-cars-race-to-market-raising-cybersecurity-fears\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">automakers\u003c/a>, retailers, software companies and others you may not realize are serving advertisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of us have technically agreed to the tracking and sale by clicking “yes” on those impossible-to-read acceptance forms required to use a host of websites and mobile apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about the last party invitation you received through Evite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re collecting inferences that they glean from the invitation. So they’re collecting and selling presence of children in household, your religion, if you’re moving or expecting a baby,” Mary Ross said. “This is something the CCPA will expose, because now you can read their \u003ca href=\"https://www.evite.com/content/privacy_policy?utm_campaign=privacy_policy&utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_source=GUEST_CONFIRM_RSVP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">privacy policy.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s an excerpt from Evite’s privacy policy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>We may also collect and store personal information about other people that you provide to us when you use our Services, including (without limitation) email address, physical address. So, for example, if you use our Service to send other people a gift, information that may interest them, invitations or correspondence, or other communications through our Services, we may store and use the information you provide to us.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Will the new law make the average California citizen more conscious of data tracking? Data privacy activists like Ross are hoping that even if individuals aren’t keen to dig into the fine print, lawyers and journalists will do so in a way that garners public attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other data privacy laws like this one are expected to crop up in other states too, because there is no federal law — despite the introduction of several bills in Washington D.C., like the \u003ca href=\"https://eshoo.house.gov/news-stories/press-releases/eshoo-lofgren-introduce-the-online-privacy-act/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Online Privacy Act\u003c/a> put forward by Silicon Valley congresswomen Anna Eshoo and Zoe Lofgren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Industry advocates were worried that other states were going to follow the California and have their own version of the CCPA,” said Ross. “It would probably only take one other state to pass their own version … and then there will be a lot of pressure on Congress to pass federal legislation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>An inmate in solitary confinement at a California jail was refusing to leave his cell. The jailers' usual response: Send an “extraction team” of corrections officers to burst into the cell and drag him out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not in Contra Costa County, one of three in the state using a kinder, gentler approach in response to inmate lawsuits, a policy change that experts say could be a national model for reducing the use of isolation cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the inmate was asked: \"What if we gave you a couple extra cookies and another sandwich? Would you move?” recalled Don Specter, the nonprofit Prison Law Office director who negotiated the new policies. “He said yes. ... They were like, ‘Wow.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of U.S. states and numerous smaller jurisdictions are looking for ways to reduce the use of solitary confinement, according to the Vera Institute of Justice, which encourages alternatives to a practice behavioral experts say is dehumanizing and can worsen mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new policies in California came after Specter’s firm sued seven of California’s 58 counties, alleging that conditions had grown inhumane as jails absorbed inmates who previously would have served their sentences in state prisons. The state in 2011 began sending less serious offenders to local jails for years at a time to ease crowding in state penitentiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some jurisdictions nationwide are banning isolation for young offenders, pregnant women or those with mental health diagnoses. The California counties’ approach of generally limiting it to those who engage in continued violent behavior has dramatically reduced the number of inmates in isolation and the length of time they stay there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa started 2019 with about 100 people in solitary, most jailsfor more than a year. It had just three in isolation cells by December, after officials began using the new approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rick Raemisch, executive director of the Colorado Department of Corrections\"]'Think of yourself being in a cell the size of a parking space for 23 hours a day. At a minimum you’re going to get angry, and when you get angry you’re going to fight back.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County also is following the policy pioneered by Santa Clara County, while Fresno County is considering it. Among other things, it encourages the use of low-cost incentives to reward good behavior, like the opportunity to listen to the radio, watch a movie or get an extra snack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County has cut its isolated population roughly in half, to about 60 inmates, said Lt. Alex McCamy: “It’s a limited time frame and a limited group, but the initial impression is positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Raemisch, who restricted the use of solitary confinement when he headed Colorado’s prison system, said the violent, tense, dirty conditions in Santa Clara County's jail improved markedly with the new policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think of yourself being in a cell the size of a parking space for 23 hours a day,” said Raemisch, who consulted with county officials. “At a minimum you’re going to get angry, and when you get angry you’re going to fight back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmates nationwide are most often segregated for nonviolent “nuisance infractions” like smoking, cursing, disobeying orders or having unauthorized items from the commissary, said the Vera Institute’s Sara Sullivan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County once locked a woman in solitary confinement for 2 1/2 years for talking back to correctional officers or yelling and banging on her cell door with other detainees, according to Specter's lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California counties’ new policy of restricting its use to continued violent behavior could be seen as a national pilot program, Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"solitary-confinement\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey's Middlesex County Adult Correction Center has lowered the number of isolated inmates and the time they spend there, she said, but with a different approach that lets inmates out of their cells more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hampden County Correctional Center in Massachusetts increased its use of alternative sanctions and positive reinforcement. And Cook County, Illinois, no longer keeps troublesome inmates in isolation, allowing them to regularly spend time with about a half-dozen other inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a decades-long effort to reform solitary, especially in prisons. But what we haven’t seen is a paired reform effort for jails,” said Amy Fettig, director of the American Civil Liberty Union’s Stop Solitary campaign. “In Santa Clara what we’re seeing is an attempt to reform the whole process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term isolation can be so debilitating, Fettig said, that she’s had clients cut themselves “just to feel something because they’ve become numb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County once had 400 inmates in solitary confinement. Specter’s client in Santa Clara County had been in solitary confinement for nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By last fall there were about 40 inmates confined to isolation cells for an average of about two months, and just 26 by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Sheriff Laurie Smith said she and many deputies were initially skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has surprised me, and I think it’s very, very good for our inmates,” she said. “I think what we’re doing is correct, and I think it’s working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said she remains concerned that assaults on staff are up. She said the increase is logical, however, since inmates locked in their cells virtually around the clock have little opportunity to assault anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Todd Kendrick, president of the county's correctional officers association, attributed the increase to other less restrictive jail policies as well as the easing of solitary confinement. He and Smith both called for increased staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said the county fell into a pattern of protectively isolating inmates to separate purported gang members and those charged with murder and to safeguard jailhouse informants or sex offenders for fear they would be harmed. Officials sought to improve after several major incidents, including deaths in custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most jails, three-quarters or more of inmates had not been convicted of a crime and yet spent months and sometimes years awaiting trial in isolation. Under the new policy, “it’s really our philosophy to use that when it’s absolutely necessary, when there’s extraordinary risk,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail employees work to get inmates out of segregation as quickly as possible, often using a system in which inmates agree, in writing, not to assault each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One inmate refused for 1 1/2 years to leave solitary because he had testified against other gang members, recalled Capt. Thomas Duran, who coordinates the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he saw other longtime inmates leaving segregation and eventually agreed to try it. Rather than put him immediately in with other inmates, deputies paired him with a single inmate — then two other inmates, then four and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent more and more time out of his solitary cell until he was fully back into the general jail population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to set the inmates up not to fail,” Duran said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey's Middlesex County Adult Correction Center has lowered the number of isolated inmates and the time they spend there, she said, but with a different approach that lets inmates out of their cells more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Hampden County Correctional Center in Massachusetts increased its use of alternative sanctions and positive reinforcement. And Cook County, Illinois, no longer keeps troublesome inmates in isolation, allowing them to regularly spend time with about a half-dozen other inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a decades-long effort to reform solitary, especially in prisons. But what we haven’t seen is a paired reform effort for jails,” said Amy Fettig, director of the American Civil Liberty Union’s Stop Solitary campaign. “In Santa Clara what we’re seeing is an attempt to reform the whole process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term isolation can be so debilitating, Fettig said, that she’s had clients cut themselves “just to feel something because they’ve become numb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County once had 400 inmates in solitary confinement. Specter’s client in Santa Clara County had been in solitary confinement for nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By last fall there were about 40 inmates confined to isolation cells for an average of about two months, and just 26 by December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Sheriff Laurie Smith said she and many deputies were initially skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has surprised me, and I think it’s very, very good for our inmates,” she said. “I think what we’re doing is correct, and I think it’s working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said she remains concerned that assaults on staff are up. She said the increase is logical, however, since inmates locked in their cells virtually around the clock have little opportunity to assault anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Todd Kendrick, president of the county's correctional officers association, attributed the increase to other less restrictive jail policies as well as the easing of solitary confinement. He and Smith both called for increased staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said the county fell into a pattern of protectively isolating inmates to separate purported gang members and those charged with murder and to safeguard jailhouse informants or sex offenders for fear they would be harmed. Officials sought to improve after several major incidents, including deaths in custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most jails, three-quarters or more of inmates had not been convicted of a crime and yet spent months and sometimes years awaiting trial in isolation. Under the new policy, “it’s really our philosophy to use that when it’s absolutely necessary, when there’s extraordinary risk,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail employees work to get inmates out of segregation as quickly as possible, often using a system in which inmates agree, in writing, not to assault each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One inmate refused for 1 1/2 years to leave solitary because he had testified against other gang members, recalled Capt. Thomas Duran, who coordinates the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he saw other longtime inmates leaving segregation and eventually agreed to try it. Rather than put him immediately in with other inmates, deputies paired him with a single inmate — then two other inmates, then four and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent more and more time out of his solitary cell until he was fully back into the general jail population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Supreme Court revived a long-running debate Thursday when it reinstated a lawsuit over whether psychotherapists must tell authorities when patients report they are attracted to child pornography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"sex-offenders\"] Lower courts had tossed out the lawsuit by three therapists who argued that California's mandatory reporting law violates patient confidentiality and dissuades patients from revealing that they downloaded or electronically viewed child pornography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court split 4-3 in favor of reinstating the case and sending it back to state Superior Court, where the burden will fall to the offices of the state attorney general and Los Angeles County district attorney to show whether the mandatory reporting protects children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dissenting justices said the therapists were unlikely to win the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority was careful to note that the therapists had argued that the patients in the case do not present a serious risk of sexual contact with children. Those justices also concluded that patient privacy rights only apply to disclosures during voluntary psychotherapy sessions, not to actually possessing or viewing child porn, which remains illegal and reportable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor do the rights apply if the therapist “believes the patient has committed hands-on sexual abuse or poses a threat of doing so,” the justices said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What's key in the majority's decision is not that they're saying that they agree with the psychotherapists,\" said Loyola Law School professor Laurie Levenson. \"They're not saying that necessarily they will win down the road. All they're saying is that the next step is to have a trial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is a 2014 law that modernized California's 40-year-old mandatory reporting requirement by including downloading, streaming and electronically accessing child porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six other states have laws requiring mandatory reporting of psychotherapy patients who knowingly possess or view child pornography. Another 10 states allow exceptions to psychotherapist-patient privacy for child abuse or neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority on the state's high court noted, however, that no other states had interpreted their laws to include simple possession or viewing of child porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three of the therapists involved in the lawsuit are experienced at treating sex addiction. One founded what the lawsuit calls the nation's largest outpatient treatment center for sexual compulsion or addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allowing patients to admit their problems “is an essential prerequisite for patients to seek and succeed in treatment,” the suit argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet patients who fear being reported to police will either stop therapy because they face criminal prosecution and public outrage, or stop being candid with their therapists, the lawsuit states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general and district attorney argued that patients' privacy rights under the state constitution are outweighed by the law's requirement that therapists report dangerous patients.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor do the rights apply if the therapist “believes the patient has committed hands-on sexual abuse or poses a threat of doing so,” the justices said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What's key in the majority's decision is not that they're saying that they agree with the psychotherapists,\" said Loyola Law School professor Laurie Levenson. \"They're not saying that necessarily they will win down the road. All they're saying is that the next step is to have a trial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is a 2014 law that modernized California's 40-year-old mandatory reporting requirement by including downloading, streaming and electronically accessing child porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six other states have laws requiring mandatory reporting of psychotherapy patients who knowingly possess or view child pornography. Another 10 states allow exceptions to psychotherapist-patient privacy for child abuse or neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority on the state's high court noted, however, that no other states had interpreted their laws to include simple possession or viewing of child porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three of the therapists involved in the lawsuit are experienced at treating sex addiction. One founded what the lawsuit calls the nation's largest outpatient treatment center for sexual compulsion or addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allowing patients to admit their problems “is an essential prerequisite for patients to seek and succeed in treatment,” the suit argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet patients who fear being reported to police will either stop therapy because they face criminal prosecution and public outrage, or stop being candid with their therapists, the lawsuit states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general and district attorney argued that patients' privacy rights under the state constitution are outweighed by the law's requirement that therapists report dangerous patients.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Burning Man organizers sued the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to recover millions of dollars they say the government has overcharged them in fees over the past seven years at the counter-culture celebration in the Nevada desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Rock City LLC, the nonprofit that produces the annual Burning Man event, filed the lawsuit Dec. 13 in U.S. District Court in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rgj.com/story/life/arts/burning-man/2019/12/18/burning-man-2020-lawsuit-bureau-of-land-management/2678285001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Reno Gazette Journal\u003c/a> they're tired of waiting over the past four years for the bureau to provide justification for the nearly $3 million it charges annually for a permit to hold the 80,000-person event in the Black Rock Desert about 100 miles north of Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='burning-man' label='Related Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This case is our attempt to break this cycle,\" Burning Man spokeswoman Megan Miller said in an email to the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Burning Man organization is seeking \"relief from defendants' ongoing, unlawful and prejudicial conduct towards (Black Rock City LLC) that threatens the viability of the iconic Burning Man event,\" the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bureau of Land Management officials didn't immediately respond to a request for comment from The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Black Rock City has been required to reimburse the BLM, which provides law enforcement and oversight at the event, for its services and expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the group is required to pay a 3 percent gross receipts fee, or a portion of its revenue. In 2018, organizers reported nearly $44 million in revenue from the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Rock City earlier this year hired the Washington-based lobbying firm Hollard and Knight to take on battles with federal officials, specifically those with the BLM and Department of Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past four years, Black Rock City has filed six appeals challenging what it deemed excessive and unjustified costs, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, the BLM's costs have been inflated, according to the lawsuit, though the BLM has failed to provide reasoning for increased costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Burning Man organizers reimbursed the BLM nearly $1.4 million in expenses, a 60 percent year-over-year increase, though the event population increased by only 4 percent that year, according to the lawsuit. The following year, the same bill was $2.9 million, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In three years, the cost recovery charges increased by 291 percent, and the Burning Man event population increased by 39 percent, Black Rock City attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Burning Man spokeswoman Megan Miller']'This case is our attempt to break this cycle.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the organization paid approximately $2.9 million for the event, excluding the commercial use fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is trying to free itself from \"this broken and unreasonably burdensome pattern and practice\" executed specifically by the permitting district, the Winnemucca District of the Bureau of Land Management, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are forced to either \"accept BLM's charges and conditions, however unreasonable, or cancel the already-scheduled Burning Man event,\" the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This case is our attempt to break this cycle,\" Burning Man spokeswoman Megan Miller said in an email to the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Burning Man organization is seeking \"relief from defendants' ongoing, unlawful and prejudicial conduct towards (Black Rock City LLC) that threatens the viability of the iconic Burning Man event,\" the lawsuit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bureau of Land Management officials didn't immediately respond to a request for comment from The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Black Rock City has been required to reimburse the BLM, which provides law enforcement and oversight at the event, for its services and expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the group is required to pay a 3 percent gross receipts fee, or a portion of its revenue. In 2018, organizers reported nearly $44 million in revenue from the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black Rock City earlier this year hired the Washington-based lobbying firm Hollard and Knight to take on battles with federal officials, specifically those with the BLM and Department of Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past four years, Black Rock City has filed six appeals challenging what it deemed excessive and unjustified costs, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, 11 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the living room of the house at 2928 Magnolia Street, a big paper sign advises visitors to remove their shoes. Large black letters identify the space as a \"Baby Zone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominique Walker’s 1-year-old has been learning to walk in the carpeted living room of the West Oakland dwelling. The family has been settling in since Walker, 34, and her co-occupant Sameerah Karim, 41, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11787750/two-homeless-moms-occupy-vacant-house-to-protest-oakland-housing-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entered the house without permission\u003c/a> in November. The property is owned by a real estate investment company in Redondo Beach, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/IMG_2132-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign reading \"No Shoes, This Floor is a Baby Zone\" hangs in the West Oakland house currently occupied by two moms. \u003ccite>(Kate Wolffe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two mothers, both homeless, occupied the house to not only find shelter but also draw attention to the vast number of properties in Oakland that currently stand vacant — often because of real estate speculation — amid the city's housing crisis. This comes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792743/hud-report-2-7-uptick-in-nations-homeless-population-due-to-california-spike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent federal report\u003c/a> found a 2.7% increase in homelessness nationwide, driven almost \"entirely\" by a 16.4% increase in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since occupying the house, the two women have done their best to make it a home in time for the holidays. Their Christmas tree is decorated, and Walker said they plan to make a gingerbread house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their stay here may be short-lived. In early December, Walker and Karim received an eviction notice from Wedgewood LLC, which owns the investment company that owns the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women were dealt a blow on Tuesday when Alameda County Superior Court Judge Patrick McKinney issued a tentative ruling in favor of Wedgewood that said “the claims do not appear to provide a basis for a valid claim of right to possession and instead contend only that the claimants have a right to occupy the subject premises.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenants rights attorney Leah Simon-Weisberg said her clients still plan to make their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll be talking about why housing is a human right and why that is a basis for the court to interject itself and say, 'Yes, they can stay,' \" said Weisberg. “The fact that the judge wants to hear what we have to say is encouraging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/nikki4oakland/status/1209591107308281857?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the two occupants had prepared to contest the eviction \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791573/moms-4-housing-fights-eviction-in-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in court\u003c/a>, only to find out in the morning that the judge had postponed the hearing until Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the women's many supporters are Oakland City Council President Rebecca Kaplan and Councilmembers Nikki Fortunato Bas, Dan Kalb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we are asking for is simple. Wedgwood: Sit down with Moms for Housing and negotiate the purchase of this home so that they can stay here in their community,\" said Bas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='affordable-housing' label='More Coverage.']Wedgewood, however, has said they won't negotiate with the women while they are unlawfully living in the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unexpectedly, the Southern California-based youth shelter program Shelter 37 inserted themselves into the showdown on Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/moms4housing/status/1209344187730034688?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urging the women to leave the property\u003c/a> so it could be converted into a shelter space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I encourage Mothers 4 Housing to voluntarily leave the property as quickly as possible so that we can train disadvantaged Oakland youths, give them jobs, and teach them skills,\" said shelter founder and former NFL player James Washington in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That interjection, however, has raised suspicions among the women's supporters, some of whom are \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BootsRiley/status/1209627114497957888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">questioning\u003c/a> the organization’s ties to Wedgewood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this article stated the women \"broke in\" to the home. It has been edited to clarify that they entered the home without permission. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, 11 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the living room of the house at 2928 Magnolia Street, a big paper sign advises visitors to remove their shoes. Large black letters identify the space as a \"Baby Zone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominique Walker’s 1-year-old has been learning to walk in the carpeted living room of the West Oakland dwelling. The family has been settling in since Walker, 34, and her co-occupant Sameerah Karim, 41, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11787750/two-homeless-moms-occupy-vacant-house-to-protest-oakland-housing-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entered the house without permission\u003c/a> in November. The property is owned by a real estate investment company in Redondo Beach, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11792897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11792897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/12/IMG_2132-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign reading \"No Shoes, This Floor is a Baby Zone\" hangs in the West Oakland house currently occupied by two moms. \u003ccite>(Kate Wolffe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The two mothers, both homeless, occupied the house to not only find shelter but also draw attention to the vast number of properties in Oakland that currently stand vacant — often because of real estate speculation — amid the city's housing crisis. This comes as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792743/hud-report-2-7-uptick-in-nations-homeless-population-due-to-california-spike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent federal report\u003c/a> found a 2.7% increase in homelessness nationwide, driven almost \"entirely\" by a 16.4% increase in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since occupying the house, the two women have done their best to make it a home in time for the holidays. Their Christmas tree is decorated, and Walker said they plan to make a gingerbread house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their stay here may be short-lived. In early December, Walker and Karim received an eviction notice from Wedgewood LLC, which owns the investment company that owns the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women were dealt a blow on Tuesday when Alameda County Superior Court Judge Patrick McKinney issued a tentative ruling in favor of Wedgewood that said “the claims do not appear to provide a basis for a valid claim of right to possession and instead contend only that the claimants have a right to occupy the subject premises.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenants rights attorney Leah Simon-Weisberg said her clients still plan to make their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll be talking about why housing is a human right and why that is a basis for the court to interject itself and say, 'Yes, they can stay,' \" said Weisberg. “The fact that the judge wants to hear what we have to say is encouraging.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the two occupants had prepared to contest the eviction \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11791573/moms-4-housing-fights-eviction-in-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> in court\u003c/a>, only to find out in the morning that the judge had postponed the hearing until Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the women's many supporters are Oakland City Council President Rebecca Kaplan and Councilmembers Nikki Fortunato Bas, Dan Kalb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we are asking for is simple. Wedgwood: Sit down with Moms for Housing and negotiate the purchase of this home so that they can stay here in their community,\" said Bas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Wedgewood, however, has said they won't negotiate with the women while they are unlawfully living in the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unexpectedly, the Southern California-based youth shelter program Shelter 37 inserted themselves into the showdown on Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/moms4housing/status/1209344187730034688?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urging the women to leave the property\u003c/a> so it could be converted into a shelter space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I encourage Mothers 4 Housing to voluntarily leave the property as quickly as possible so that we can train disadvantaged Oakland youths, give them jobs, and teach them skills,\" said shelter founder and former NFL player James Washington in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That interjection, however, has raised suspicions among the women's supporters, some of whom are \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BootsRiley/status/1209627114497957888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">questioning\u003c/a> the organization’s ties to Wedgewood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this article stated the women \"broke in\" to the home. It has been edited to clarify that they entered the home without permission. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Kent Michitsch seemed to be running out of traditional options to insure the home he’s lived in for more than 30 years northeast of San Diego as California’s massive property insurance market reels from three consecutive years of destructive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michitsch, 57, has received three non-renewal notices in three years and says he feared getting a fourth one when his homeowners’ policy comes up for renewal the middle of next year if it wasn’t for California lawmaker’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11789809/state-bans-insurers-from-dropping-homeowner-policies-in-areas-hit-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent intervention\u003c/a> in the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constant worry and frustration. You know you’re covered now, but I might have to look for a new policy next year yet again.” Michitsch says he’s never made a claim on his insurance and never had fire damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of homeowners like Michitsch have lost their insurance policies in the last few years as insurers pull out of areas that are at risk of fire damage or stop insuring homes altogether. They’ve been forced to scramble to find coverage from regular insurance providers or to turn as a last resort to a government sanctioned plan that at the moment only provides fire coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Kent Michitsch']‘It’s constant worry and frustration. You know you’re covered now, but I might have to look for a new policy next year yet again.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm, the largest in the state, and Allstate and other insurers declined to renew roughly 350,000 policies in areas at high risk for wildfires since 2015 the California Department of Insurance said back in August, and the department has gotten “record numbers” of requests this year from insurers to increase the rates they charge property owners. The data also shows 33,000 policies were not renewed by insurers in zip codes affected by the major wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the insurance industry says the California property insurance market is resilient, state lawmakers and officials have had to scramble to keep the market from grinding to a halt from the unexpected additional risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislature passed a law earlier this year giving the Department of Insurance emergency powers to keep policies in effect for those in fire-prone areas. This month California Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara put a one-year moratorium on non-renewals, in hopes that lawmakers, insurance companies and other stakeholders can reach a more substantial solution for the roughly 1 million homeowners in zip codes adjacent to previous wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='wildfires' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This wildfire insurance crisis has been years in the making, but it is an emergency we must deal with now if we are going to keep the California dream of home ownership from becoming the California nightmare, as an increasing number of homeowners struggle to find coverage,” Lara said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires of 2017 and 2018 caused a combined $25.3 billion in damages according to the California Department of Insurance. That’s exponentially higher than the previous wildfires in 2015 and 2008, which caused $1.1 billion and $719 million in damages, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance industry has yet to release an estimate of damages from this year’s wildfire season, but the costs are expected to be high. The most significant wildfire this year was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/kincade-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kincade fire\u003c/a>, which is started October 23 and has burned 78,000 acres in Sonoma county. It destroyed 374 buildings and damaged another 60, according to the California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wildfires in California will likely make it more difficult for California homeowners to buy insurance,” Stu Ryland, senior vice president of the Pacific Region at Sedgwick, an insurance claims management company. “Premiums are likely to go up, particularly in areas that are prone to wildfires and in some cases, it may be difficult for consumers to find an insurer willing to write their insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some insurers are pulling out and others are reconsidering how they price property insurance, it is still available in one form or another to every homeowner, according to the Insurance Information Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, those not insurable by regular insurance providers are having to turn to what’s known as the California FAIR Plan, which is a government-sanctioned association of insurers who pool together to cover the highest risk properties. FAIR Plan insurance currently only covers $1.5 million in damages, although Lara has ordered that starting in April 2020 it will cover $3 million in damages. Currently the FAIR Plan only covers fire, not other forms of risk, but California regulators have announced that FAIR Plan insurers can start doing comprehensive coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfpnet.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California FAIR Plan Association\u003c/a> sued to block those changes, arguing Lara’s order is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karl Susman, owner of Susman Insurance Agency in Los Angeles, says the average annual premium on a homeowner policy plus FAIR to cover fire now costs around $2,500 a year, which is three times higher than it was three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These wildfires are not sustainable for these companies. They aren’t going to go bankrupt but they are just going to stop writing policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Karl Susman']‘I haven’t seen anything like this in the 28 years I’ve been doing this.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susman said he worries that without a longer-term solution the California insurance market will repeat the experience after the 1994 California Northridge earthquake, which caused many insurance carriers to stop offering earthquake insurance. He’s already seen insurance companies limiting their risk to certain zip codes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I haven’t seen anything like this in the 28 years I’ve been doing this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, those who still do have insurance have been able to start rebuilding their lives after the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maggie and Dan London of Santa Rosa lost their home in the massive and fatal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tubbs fire of 2017\u003c/a>. They worked quickly after the fire, filing a claim and reaching out to their contractor that same day. But it took them two years to rebuild and move back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many who tried to rebuild after the fire, they ran into obstacles — higher costs for labor and materials and ongoing talks with their insurer. All the same, Dan London feels his insurance company has done a fair job. And while they bought their home in 1979, he has not seen a sharp jump in insurance costs over time. The cost to insure their new home is slightly more, but Dan felt it reflects the increased value of the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was expecting something triple, but it’s not at all,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kent Michitsch seemed to be running out of traditional options to insure the home he’s lived in for more than 30 years northeast of San Diego as California’s massive property insurance market reels from three consecutive years of destructive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michitsch, 57, has received three non-renewal notices in three years and says he feared getting a fourth one when his homeowners’ policy comes up for renewal the middle of next year if it wasn’t for California lawmaker’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11789809/state-bans-insurers-from-dropping-homeowner-policies-in-areas-hit-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent intervention\u003c/a> in the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constant worry and frustration. You know you’re covered now, but I might have to look for a new policy next year yet again.” Michitsch says he’s never made a claim on his insurance and never had fire damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of homeowners like Michitsch have lost their insurance policies in the last few years as insurers pull out of areas that are at risk of fire damage or stop insuring homes altogether. They’ve been forced to scramble to find coverage from regular insurance providers or to turn as a last resort to a government sanctioned plan that at the moment only provides fire coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Farm, the largest in the state, and Allstate and other insurers declined to renew roughly 350,000 policies in areas at high risk for wildfires since 2015 the California Department of Insurance said back in August, and the department has gotten “record numbers” of requests this year from insurers to increase the rates they charge property owners. The data also shows 33,000 policies were not renewed by insurers in zip codes affected by the major wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the insurance industry says the California property insurance market is resilient, state lawmakers and officials have had to scramble to keep the market from grinding to a halt from the unexpected additional risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislature passed a law earlier this year giving the Department of Insurance emergency powers to keep policies in effect for those in fire-prone areas. This month California Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara put a one-year moratorium on non-renewals, in hopes that lawmakers, insurance companies and other stakeholders can reach a more substantial solution for the roughly 1 million homeowners in zip codes adjacent to previous wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This wildfire insurance crisis has been years in the making, but it is an emergency we must deal with now if we are going to keep the California dream of home ownership from becoming the California nightmare, as an increasing number of homeowners struggle to find coverage,” Lara said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires of 2017 and 2018 caused a combined $25.3 billion in damages according to the California Department of Insurance. That’s exponentially higher than the previous wildfires in 2015 and 2008, which caused $1.1 billion and $719 million in damages, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance industry has yet to release an estimate of damages from this year’s wildfire season, but the costs are expected to be high. The most significant wildfire this year was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/kincade-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kincade fire\u003c/a>, which is started October 23 and has burned 78,000 acres in Sonoma county. It destroyed 374 buildings and damaged another 60, according to the California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wildfires in California will likely make it more difficult for California homeowners to buy insurance,” Stu Ryland, senior vice president of the Pacific Region at Sedgwick, an insurance claims management company. “Premiums are likely to go up, particularly in areas that are prone to wildfires and in some cases, it may be difficult for consumers to find an insurer willing to write their insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some insurers are pulling out and others are reconsidering how they price property insurance, it is still available in one form or another to every homeowner, according to the Insurance Information Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, those not insurable by regular insurance providers are having to turn to what’s known as the California FAIR Plan, which is a government-sanctioned association of insurers who pool together to cover the highest risk properties. FAIR Plan insurance currently only covers $1.5 million in damages, although Lara has ordered that starting in April 2020 it will cover $3 million in damages. Currently the FAIR Plan only covers fire, not other forms of risk, but California regulators have announced that FAIR Plan insurers can start doing comprehensive coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfpnet.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California FAIR Plan Association\u003c/a> sued to block those changes, arguing Lara’s order is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karl Susman, owner of Susman Insurance Agency in Los Angeles, says the average annual premium on a homeowner policy plus FAIR to cover fire now costs around $2,500 a year, which is three times higher than it was three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These wildfires are not sustainable for these companies. They aren’t going to go bankrupt but they are just going to stop writing policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susman said he worries that without a longer-term solution the California insurance market will repeat the experience after the 1994 California Northridge earthquake, which caused many insurance carriers to stop offering earthquake insurance. He’s already seen insurance companies limiting their risk to certain zip codes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I haven’t seen anything like this in the 28 years I’ve been doing this,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, those who still do have insurance have been able to start rebuilding their lives after the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maggie and Dan London of Santa Rosa lost their home in the massive and fatal \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tubbs fire of 2017\u003c/a>. They worked quickly after the fire, filing a claim and reaching out to their contractor that same day. But it took them two years to rebuild and move back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many who tried to rebuild after the fire, they ran into obstacles — higher costs for labor and materials and ongoing talks with their insurer. All the same, Dan London feels his insurance company has done a fair job. And while they bought their home in 1979, he has not seen a sharp jump in insurance costs over time. The cost to insure their new home is slightly more, but Dan felt it reflects the increased value of the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was expecting something triple, but it’s not at all,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For decades, major tobacco companies have fought against raising the age limit to buy their products from 18 to 21. But recently, some cigarette and e-cigarette giants have started lobbying for the minimum age to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raising the purchase age to 21 reduces underage access,” a radio ad from e-cigarette giant Juul \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/t21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a>. “That’s why Juul Labs supports making 21+ the law nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, President Trump signed a congressional spending bill that includes a new federal regulation raising the age of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health advocates are not wholeheartedly celebrating the change. They worry it may help the companies stave off further sweeping regulations of their industry and wonder how stringently it will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Crane, a physician at Ohio State University, has been campaigning to raise the minimum age for more than two decades through \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco21.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">his group Tobacco 21\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it started pushing for firmer laws, “we were killed at every turn,” he remembers. “The industry hated this idea and they used their very potent political lobbying power to stifle it in every state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archival tobacco industry documents show why the companies objected, says \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stan Glantz\u003c/a>, the director of University of California San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s because it made it harder to market to kids,” he says. “[It’s] very hard to design a marketing campaign where the nominal target [is] … people who are 21, and still pick up 12-year-olds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the Tobacco 21 movement, the industry landscape has changed considerably. Now millions of teens are hooked on e-cigarettes, a source of considerable public concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates are currently pushing for more sweeping regulations than the age limit raise, such as banning flavors for e-cigarettes — something the industry has fought. University of Virginia historian \u003ca href=\"https://history.virginia.edu/people/profile/sem9dw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sarah Milov\u003c/a>, who wrote a book about tobacco, says the big companies have likely been willing to accept the stricter age limits “in order to take the public’s eyes off of other proposals for addressing youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glantz says he thinks the new federal age restrictions give the industry “something they can argue: ‘Well, we’ve done enough. You don’t need to get rid of flavors,’ which in terms of reducing youth tobacco use is probably the single most important thing to do right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Myers, the president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, echoed that idea. He said \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press-releases/2019_12_11_congress_health_bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a> that the new law “will not bring about meaningful change, but will lead to the tobacco companies falsely claiming that the youth e-cigarette problem has been solved even as it continues to grow worse every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an op-ed earlier this year in \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/431651-raise-the-legal-age-for-all-tobacco-products-to-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hill\u003c/a>, Altria CEO Howard Willard said the Food and Drug Administration made clear that the company might find itself in trouble with federal regulators unless it did more to address teen vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put simply, we cannot continue to expand … [e-cigarettes] for adults unless we help curb youth access to all tobacco products, including e-vapor,” Willard said. Altria owns Philip Morris USA, which makes Marlboro cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal age limit raise comes after a rapid succession of new laws at the state and local levels. At least 19 states and the District of Columbia have passed some form of the 21 age limit, many in the past year and with the support of big companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glantz says he sees a familiar strategy from the industry as these laws have passed. In this and previous fights, he says tobacco companies will preemptively lobby for bills that are weak or don’t spell out effective enforcement mechanisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"vaping\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve tried to co-opt the issue and started pushing bad legislation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two most prominent companies supporting the age restriction are Juul and Altria. When NPR reached out, they didn’t respond to these criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal legislation was put forward in the Senate by Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mitch McConnell, the majority leader who has long been seen as a friend to the tobacco industry. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/17/730496066/tobaccos-special-friend-what-internal-documents-say-about-mitch-mcconnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Embedded podcast\u003c/a> found, “vaping and tobacco companies are currently employing McConnell’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfs-dc.com/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/Q1/301038362.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy adviser\u003c/a>, his former \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/RR/301024486.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy director\u003c/a> and his \u003ca href=\"https://www.akingump.com/en/lawyers-advisors/hunter-bates.html\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2018/Q4/301009679.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chief of staff\u003c/a> to lobby on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcconnell.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=17523CAF-6BA1-4894-9BD0-45A67B1A2D96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the federal law passed\u003c/a>, McConnell called the recent spate of vaping-related illnesses an “urgent crisis” and stressed that the new measure will help “keep these dangerous products away from our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has jurisdiction over enforcing the federal law. Crane, the longtime advocate for raising the age limit, has questions about how aggressive it will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s watched how the FDA regulated the previous age limit of 18, and says he would want to see more compliance checks and fewer violations allowed for tobacco retailers. He says the law will do little to keep tobacco products away from kids and young adults if it’s not enforced, and he believes local health authorities would be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that waiting for the FDA is kind of like waiting for Godot. They don’t do anything. They bark but never bite,” Crane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn praised the new age limit and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SteveFDA/status/1208232123833958401?s=20\">said in a tweet \u003c/a>that “more details will be forthcoming as we update our regulations to carry out this provision of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says his group is going to continue pushing for even tougher laws at the state and local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Tobacco+Industry+Giants+Backed+Raising+The+Minimum+Age+Of+Purchase&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For decades, major tobacco companies have fought against raising the age limit to buy their products from 18 to 21. But recently, some cigarette and e-cigarette giants have started lobbying for the minimum age to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raising the purchase age to 21 reduces underage access,” a radio ad from e-cigarette giant Juul \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/t21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared\u003c/a>. “That’s why Juul Labs supports making 21+ the law nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, President Trump signed a congressional spending bill that includes a new federal regulation raising the age of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health advocates are not wholeheartedly celebrating the change. They worry it may help the companies stave off further sweeping regulations of their industry and wonder how stringently it will be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Crane, a physician at Ohio State University, has been campaigning to raise the minimum age for more than two decades through \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco21.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">his group Tobacco 21\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it started pushing for firmer laws, “we were killed at every turn,” he remembers. “The industry hated this idea and they used their very potent political lobbying power to stifle it in every state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archival tobacco industry documents show why the companies objected, says \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stan Glantz\u003c/a>, the director of University of California San Francisco’s Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s because it made it harder to market to kids,” he says. “[It’s] very hard to design a marketing campaign where the nominal target [is] … people who are 21, and still pick up 12-year-olds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the Tobacco 21 movement, the industry landscape has changed considerably. Now millions of teens are hooked on e-cigarettes, a source of considerable public concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health advocates are currently pushing for more sweeping regulations than the age limit raise, such as banning flavors for e-cigarettes — something the industry has fought. University of Virginia historian \u003ca href=\"https://history.virginia.edu/people/profile/sem9dw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sarah Milov\u003c/a>, who wrote a book about tobacco, says the big companies have likely been willing to accept the stricter age limits “in order to take the public’s eyes off of other proposals for addressing youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glantz says he thinks the new federal age restrictions give the industry “something they can argue: ‘Well, we’ve done enough. You don’t need to get rid of flavors,’ which in terms of reducing youth tobacco use is probably the single most important thing to do right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Myers, the president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, echoed that idea. He said \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/press-releases/2019_12_11_congress_health_bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a> that the new law “will not bring about meaningful change, but will lead to the tobacco companies falsely claiming that the youth e-cigarette problem has been solved even as it continues to grow worse every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an op-ed earlier this year in \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/431651-raise-the-legal-age-for-all-tobacco-products-to-21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Hill\u003c/a>, Altria CEO Howard Willard said the Food and Drug Administration made clear that the company might find itself in trouble with federal regulators unless it did more to address teen vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put simply, we cannot continue to expand … [e-cigarettes] for adults unless we help curb youth access to all tobacco products, including e-vapor,” Willard said. Altria owns Philip Morris USA, which makes Marlboro cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal age limit raise comes after a rapid succession of new laws at the state and local levels. At least 19 states and the District of Columbia have passed some form of the 21 age limit, many in the past year and with the support of big companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Glantz says he sees a familiar strategy from the industry as these laws have passed. In this and previous fights, he says tobacco companies will preemptively lobby for bills that are weak or don’t spell out effective enforcement mechanisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve tried to co-opt the issue and started pushing bad legislation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two most prominent companies supporting the age restriction are Juul and Altria. When NPR reached out, they didn’t respond to these criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal legislation was put forward in the Senate by Democrat Tim Kaine and Republican Mitch McConnell, the majority leader who has long been seen as a friend to the tobacco industry. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/17/730496066/tobaccos-special-friend-what-internal-documents-say-about-mitch-mcconnell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR’s Embedded podcast\u003c/a> found, “vaping and tobacco companies are currently employing McConnell’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfs-dc.com/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/Q1/301038362.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy adviser\u003c/a>, his former \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2019/RR/301024486.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">policy director\u003c/a> and his \u003ca href=\"https://www.akingump.com/en/lawyers-advisors/hunter-bates.html\">former\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://disclosures.house.gov/ld/ldxmlrelease/2018/Q4/301009679.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chief of staff\u003c/a> to lobby on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcconnell.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/pressreleases?ID=17523CAF-6BA1-4894-9BD0-45A67B1A2D96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after the federal law passed\u003c/a>, McConnell called the recent spate of vaping-related illnesses an “urgent crisis” and stressed that the new measure will help “keep these dangerous products away from our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has jurisdiction over enforcing the federal law. Crane, the longtime advocate for raising the age limit, has questions about how aggressive it will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s watched how the FDA regulated the previous age limit of 18, and says he would want to see more compliance checks and fewer violations allowed for tobacco retailers. He says the law will do little to keep tobacco products away from kids and young adults if it’s not enforced, and he believes local health authorities would be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that waiting for the FDA is kind of like waiting for Godot. They don’t do anything. They bark but never bite,” Crane says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn praised the new age limit and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SteveFDA/status/1208232123833958401?s=20\">said in a tweet \u003c/a>that “more details will be forthcoming as we update our regulations to carry out this provision of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crane says his group is going to continue pushing for even tougher laws at the state and local levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Tobacco+Industry+Giants+Backed+Raising+The+Minimum+Age+Of+Purchase&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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