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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the DACA situation is a very, very -- it’s a very difficult thing for me, because, you know, I love these kids,” he told reporters.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-aLKecRUviA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-aLKecRUviA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection said it doesn't comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump's New Order Targets Visa Program for Skilled Workers",
"title": "Trump's New Order Targets Visa Program for Skilled Workers",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump hopes to revive the economic populism that helped drive his election campaign, signing an order Tuesday in politically important Wisconsin to tighten rules on technology companies bringing in highly skilled foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump toured the headquarters of tool manufacturer Snap-on Inc., and then signed an executive order aimed at curbing what his administration says are hiring abuses in a visa program used by U.S. technology companies. Dubbed \"Buy American, Hire American,\" the directive follows a series of recent Trump reversals on economic policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president is targeting the H-1B visa program, which the White House says undercuts U.S. workers by bringing in large numbers of cheaper foreign workers, driving down wages. The tech industry has argued that the H-1B program is needed because it encourages students to stay in the U.S. after getting degrees in high-tech specialties — and companies can't always find enough American workers with the skills they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new order directs U.S. agencies to propose rules to prevent immigration fraud and abuse in the program. They would also be asked to offer changes so that H-1B visas are awarded to the \"most-skilled or highest-paid applicants,\" said administration officials, who spoke only on the condition of anonymity despite the president's frequent criticism of the use of anonymous sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rnbNLNkOTKhMn5Vs1Euc2XZ84kqUiysR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said the order also seeks to strengthen requirements that American-made products be used in certain federal construction projects, as well as in various federal grant-funded transportation projects. The Commerce secretary will review how to close loopholes in existing rules and provide recommendations to the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the \"Buy American\" provisions may run afoul of free-trade agreements, the order specifically asks the secretary to review waivers of these rules in free-trade agreements. The waivers could be renegotiated or revoked.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is an H1-B visa and how does it work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The H-1B program is open to a broad range of occupations, including architects, professors and even fashion models. It's meant for jobs requiring specialty skills that cannot be filled by a U.S. worker. Many of these jobs happen to be in tech. According to the Labor Department, the top three H-1B occupations are computer systems analysts, application software developers and computer programmers — and those three account for roughly half of the department's H-1B certifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the program is capped at 85,000 new H-1B visas each year, more than 100,000 workers are allowed in annually because of exemptions for university-related positions. Recipients can stay up to six years. Demand is usually higher than the cap, so the government holds an annual lottery. This year, the government received nearly 200,000 applications -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/H-1B-visa-applications-drop-for-first-time-in-11078751.php\" target=\"_blank\">though that number marks a large decrease in applications for the first time in years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the program has been hijacked by staffing companies that use the visas to recruit foreigners — often from India — who will work for less than Americans. The staffing companies then sell their services to corporate clients. Employers, including Walt Disney World and the University of California, San Francisco, have laid off tech employees and replaced them with H-1B visa holders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The H-1B visa program is commonly discussed as being for when employers have a labor shortage,\" Daniel Costa, director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/524422344/new-trump-order-extends-buy-american-and-hire-american-rules\" target=\"_blank\">told NPR\u003c/a>. \"The reality of it is that employers are not required to recruit and try to hire U.S. workers before they hire an H-1B worker. The latest data that I've seen showed that 80 percent of the H-1Bs who were coming in came in below the local average wage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential changes could be administrative or legislative and could include higher fees for the visas, changing the wage scale for the program or other initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Campaign promises\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump campaigned on populist promises to stand up to China, which he contended was manipulating its currency and stealing American jobs, and to eliminate the Export-Import Bank, which he billed as wasteful subsidy. Trump reversed himself on both positions in interviews last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while he has long pledged to support American goods and workers, his own business record is mixed. Many Trump-branded products, like clothing, are made overseas. His businesses have also hired foreign workers, including on H2-B visas at his Florida club, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/business/trump-again-hires-foreign-workers-for-mar-lago-little-change-pay/NtHozFcFMZXQWVkErxSdhM/\" target=\"_blank\">according to the Palm Beach Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said at one point during the presidential campaign that he supported high-skilled visas, and then said he opposed the program. At one debate, he said: \"It's very bad for our workers and it's unfair for our workers. And we should end it.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Trump announced a 'Buy American, Hire American' executive order today.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump hopes to revive the economic populism that helped drive his election campaign, signing an order Tuesday in politically important Wisconsin to tighten rules on technology companies bringing in highly skilled foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump toured the headquarters of tool manufacturer Snap-on Inc., and then signed an executive order aimed at curbing what his administration says are hiring abuses in a visa program used by U.S. technology companies. Dubbed \"Buy American, Hire American,\" the directive follows a series of recent Trump reversals on economic policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president is targeting the H-1B visa program, which the White House says undercuts U.S. workers by bringing in large numbers of cheaper foreign workers, driving down wages. The tech industry has argued that the H-1B program is needed because it encourages students to stay in the U.S. after getting degrees in high-tech specialties — and companies can't always find enough American workers with the skills they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new order directs U.S. agencies to propose rules to prevent immigration fraud and abuse in the program. They would also be asked to offer changes so that H-1B visas are awarded to the \"most-skilled or highest-paid applicants,\" said administration officials, who spoke only on the condition of anonymity despite the president's frequent criticism of the use of anonymous sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said the order also seeks to strengthen requirements that American-made products be used in certain federal construction projects, as well as in various federal grant-funded transportation projects. The Commerce secretary will review how to close loopholes in existing rules and provide recommendations to the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the \"Buy American\" provisions may run afoul of free-trade agreements, the order specifically asks the secretary to review waivers of these rules in free-trade agreements. The waivers could be renegotiated or revoked.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What is an H1-B visa and how does it work?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The H-1B program is open to a broad range of occupations, including architects, professors and even fashion models. It's meant for jobs requiring specialty skills that cannot be filled by a U.S. worker. Many of these jobs happen to be in tech. According to the Labor Department, the top three H-1B occupations are computer systems analysts, application software developers and computer programmers — and those three account for roughly half of the department's H-1B certifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the program is capped at 85,000 new H-1B visas each year, more than 100,000 workers are allowed in annually because of exemptions for university-related positions. Recipients can stay up to six years. Demand is usually higher than the cap, so the government holds an annual lottery. This year, the government received nearly 200,000 applications -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/H-1B-visa-applications-drop-for-first-time-in-11078751.php\" target=\"_blank\">though that number marks a large decrease in applications for the first time in years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the program has been hijacked by staffing companies that use the visas to recruit foreigners — often from India — who will work for less than Americans. The staffing companies then sell their services to corporate clients. Employers, including Walt Disney World and the University of California, San Francisco, have laid off tech employees and replaced them with H-1B visa holders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The H-1B visa program is commonly discussed as being for when employers have a labor shortage,\" Daniel Costa, director of immigration law and policy research at the Economic Policy Institute, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/524422344/new-trump-order-extends-buy-american-and-hire-american-rules\" target=\"_blank\">told NPR\u003c/a>. \"The reality of it is that employers are not required to recruit and try to hire U.S. workers before they hire an H-1B worker. The latest data that I've seen showed that 80 percent of the H-1Bs who were coming in came in below the local average wage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential changes could be administrative or legislative and could include higher fees for the visas, changing the wage scale for the program or other initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Campaign promises\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump campaigned on populist promises to stand up to China, which he contended was manipulating its currency and stealing American jobs, and to eliminate the Export-Import Bank, which he billed as wasteful subsidy. Trump reversed himself on both positions in interviews last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while he has long pledged to support American goods and workers, his own business record is mixed. Many Trump-branded products, like clothing, are made overseas. His businesses have also hired foreign workers, including on H2-B visas at his Florida club, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/business/trump-again-hires-foreign-workers-for-mar-lago-little-change-pay/NtHozFcFMZXQWVkErxSdhM/\" target=\"_blank\">according to the Palm Beach Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said at one point during the presidential campaign that he supported high-skilled visas, and then said he opposed the program. At one debate, he said: \"It's very bad for our workers and it's unfair for our workers. And we should end it.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Queer and Undocumented: A Powerful Force in the Dreamer Movement",
"title": "Queer and Undocumented: A Powerful Force in the Dreamer Movement",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At her kitchen table in Oakland, Yahaira Carrillo leafs through an old photo album with faded pictures of a little curly-haired girl. The album is precious to her: She saw her baby pictures for the first time only a few years ago, when her aunt brought the album from Mexico. That's because when Carrillo crossed the border as a 7-year-old with her mom, they left almost everything behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up undocumented, first in California, then in Missouri, Carrillo, now 32, was taught to always be on her best behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sort of wrong moves could result in my parents getting deported or my getting deported, or ending up in foster care,\" Carrillo said. \"[My mom] was like, 'Always be good. We have to be model citizens, model behavior. We have to be as normal, as American, as possible, instead of raising any red flags.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be a big risk for undocumented immigrants to admit they don’t have papers, especially now, when President Trump is targeting immigrants and vowing to deport them in record numbers. And yet, in the past decade, more and more young people who were brought to the U.S. as children have been doing just that -- especially those who are LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/04/2017-04-14b-tcrmag.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/04/14/BertProtestImg.jpg\" Title=\"Queer and Undocumented: A Powerful Force in the Dreamer Movement\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Carrillo grew up, she ran into obstacles because of her immigration status. When she went to college, she didn’t qualify for financial aid, so she had to work full time to pay tuition, and it took her nine years to graduate. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/senate-bill/1291\" target=\"_blank\">DREAM Act\u003c/a> (an acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) would have given undocumented young people like her a path to a green card. But years after it was first introduced in 2001, the bill still hadn’t passed. So Carrillo decided to start lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had reached a point where we had to tell our own stories, we had to speak for ourselves,\" Carrillo said, \"because it was suffocating, you know, living in this place of fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suffocating — like when you're gay and in the closet. Carrillo also knew what that felt like. She came out as bisexual when she was 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it’s about living life on your own terms,\" Carrillo said. \"[It's about] you calling the shots about how you move about the world, and facing society head on, in your full truth, in both of those areas. And there's power in that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EFIDkoJ1DqthjlKMkv2c098EdOOjUzY8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the most outspoken, undocumented young activists who organized across the country for the DREAM Act are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer. After the bill failed in Congress in 2007, they began taking a page from the in-your-face civil disobedience of AIDS and gay rights groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.actupny.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Act Up!\u003c/a> and adopting the practice — advocated by Harvey Milk and other LGBTQ activists — of “coming out” publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to know that queer people exist, and people need to know that undocumented people exist, and that we live next door, and that we brush our teeth, and that we floss, or don’t floss, just like everybody else,\" Carrillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, as four \"Dreamers\" (young immigrants who were brought to the U.S. without papers as children) walked from Florida to Washington, D.C., to push for the DREAM Act, a group of undocumented youth in Chicago declared \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.iyjl.org/national-coming-out-of-the-shadows-day/\" target=\"_blank\">National Coming Out of the Shadows\u003c/a>\" month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2010, Carrillo and four other young people decided to put their bodies on the line, in the place they felt was most dangerous for undocumented immigrants: Arizona. Just weeks before, the state had passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB 1070\u003c/a>, which made it a crime to be undocumented in the state and required police to check the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained, if police suspected they did not have government permission to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo, and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-160x202.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-240x302.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-375x473.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-520x655.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Yahaira Carrillo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrillo and the others walked into Sen. John McCain’s office, wearing blue graduation caps and gowns. They sat on the floor, and said they would not leave until the senator agreed to co-sponsor the DREAM Act. Carrillo remembers a police officer tried to talk them out of it. He said he had a son, too, and asked them to think of their future: How would they get a job if they were arrested?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I remember one of us saying, 'But you don’t understand. That’s the problem: that we can’t. We can't get a job,' \" Carrillo recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were risking everything. Four of the young people were arrested that day. Carrillo and two others were turned over to immigration authorities. They were later released but faced possible deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, more protests were happening around the country. A queer immigrant organizer named Prerna Lal, one of the founders of a group called \u003ca href=\"http://dreamactivist.org/\" target=\"_blank\">DreamActivist\u003c/a>, helped shut down Wilshire Boulevard outside Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did what I did because I didn’t feel like there was an alternative for me, or for my friends,\" said Lal, 32. \"For far too long, we had been cast aside, marginalized. Our stories were not seen as important, our lives not important. And I was tired of living that way and I couldn’t live that way. I felt like coming out and organizing was better. If it meant being deported, so be it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it's about living life on your own terms.'\u003ccite>Yahaira Carrillo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lal and her parents came from Fiji and overstayed their visas. By the time her parents got green cards, she was over 21 and couldn't legalize her status with them. Friends suggested she could get a green card another way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was told many times, 'Get married! Just find a boy!' And I was like, 'Well that’s not me, that’s not who I am,\" Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same-sex marriage wasn't legal at the time, but Lal says many mainstream immigrant rights organizations didn't want to address that obstacle as part of the fight for immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt like we were being told, 'While your immigrant stories are great, we don’t want to hear about your sexual orientation, that’s something you do in private,' \" said Lal. \"It's kind of funny talking about that now because we have come so far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DREAM Act didn't pass, but the Dreamers started something. After the arrest in McCain's office, more and more people began declaring themselves \"Undocumented, unafraid and unapologetic!\" a refrain that has echoes of the chant \"We're here, we're queer, get used to it!\" of radical gay rights organizations. That summer, 21 young undocumented people were arrested while holding sit-ins on Capitol Hill. Almost half of them also identified as queer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal says the Dreamers risking arrest and deportation caught the attention of the country … and the president. In 2012, President Barack Obama issued temporary protection from deportation for undocumented youth, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, known by its initials as DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"DACA’s only in place because people fought for it to be in place,\" Lal said. \"Obama didn’t wake up one day and just decide to do it on his own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZLCyTWBblPnSPt0oCqQ2sTyoQroBFeCw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, in the months before Obama's announcement, undocumented youth held sit-ins in his campaign offices, calling for an executive order to stop deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Escobar worked in the White House as special assistant to President Obama on immigration policy, and she helped craft DACA. She says the administration had been working on the directive for months before its announcement, and was not directly affected by the sit-ins that summer. She acknowledges, however, that the president and others in his administration had been meeting with undocumented youth from the beginning of his first term in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that Dreamers have been, you know, unafraid to come out and share their story has had a tremendous impact on the entire immigrant rights movement,\" said Escobar. \"They’re able to humanize the issue, they’re articulate, you see them, you hear them. They moved the ball forward in a really impactful way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 750,000 DACA applications have been approved since the policy began in 2012. During his campaign, Donald Trump vowed to end DACA. But as president, he has backed off somewhat, saying he would deal with people who have DACA with \"great heart,\" and leave it in place, at least for now. At the same time, he's promised to increase deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As of now it seems like DACA youth are safe,\" said Escobar, \"but they don’t live in a vacuum. They’re worried about their parents. They're worried about their siblings, who may not have qualified for DACA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"daScyNAOZZnxuNvGVawHaO8vPl1IyjGA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal and Carrillo now see that fear and uncertainty every day at the East Bay Community Law Center where they both work. Lal is an attorney serving undocumented students at UC Berkeley. After Trump's inauguration, Lal says the number of students seeking legal help went up by 50 percent. She says she has even had clients who have refused needed medical care because they are worried that if their family members come to see them in the hospital, they could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of my greatest fears when Trump was elected was not that he would take DACA away, but that he would keep it and use it as a bargaining chip. And that's precisely what I see is happening,\" said Lal. \"A bargaining chip, saying, 'We'll deport everyone else, except for these young, amazing, quote-unquote children.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal fought her own deportation all the way to the Supreme Court and lost, but that same court ended up granting her a path to permanent residency when it ruled that same-sex marriage is legal. That allowed her to obtain a green card through her marriage to her U.S. citizen wife. Carrillo has a visa to live and work here now, too. Both of them say they know some people wonder if, under Trump, “coming out” as undocumented is too great a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that’s real,\" said Carrillo. \"But at the end of the day we don’t want to go back to the same place we were before. Because that’s basically the same thing we were told in 2010: 'We do this for your safety. We speak for you so you can be safe.' I have no desire to go back to that. I also have no desire to tell people they’re going to be safe. If you are not undocumented, it’s not your place to tell people. It’s just like coming out as queer. You choose when you come out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11407603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11407603 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='Blanca Vazquez invites undocumented immigrants to \"come out of the shadows\" at a rally in Oakland in April 2017.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blanca Vazquez, of the East Bay Immigrant Youth Coalition, invites undocumented immigrants to 'come out of the shadows' at a rally in Oakland in April 2017. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some undocumented youth and adults are still choosing to come out, and they're still using the chant \"Undocumented! Unafraid!\" at rallies and protests. Sometimes they end by shouting \"Queer, Trans, and Unashamed!\" At a recent rally outside the Alameda County Sheriff's Office in Oakland, people lined up for a turn at a microphone to \"come out of the shadows.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanca Vazquez, 28, helped organize the event. She said she arrived in the U.S. when she was 6 months old and applied for DACA last year, but she's still waiting for approval. Even with all the uncertainty under the Trump administration, she says she'll keep speaking out about her status. She still remembers the first time she saw someone share publicly that they were undocumented. After being told her entire life not to share her immigration status, she was shocked and remembers thinking, \"Does he know what he’s about to do? You just don’t do that. You don’t talk about this kind of thing with strangers!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, she burst into tears. In that moment, Vazquez says she also learned something: \"That my silence isolated me, and isolated everyone who was undocumented, and our isolation was not protecting us.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At her kitchen table in Oakland, Yahaira Carrillo leafs through an old photo album with faded pictures of a little curly-haired girl. The album is precious to her: She saw her baby pictures for the first time only a few years ago, when her aunt brought the album from Mexico. That's because when Carrillo crossed the border as a 7-year-old with her mom, they left almost everything behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up undocumented, first in California, then in Missouri, Carrillo, now 32, was taught to always be on her best behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sort of wrong moves could result in my parents getting deported or my getting deported, or ending up in foster care,\" Carrillo said. \"[My mom] was like, 'Always be good. We have to be model citizens, model behavior. We have to be as normal, as American, as possible, instead of raising any red flags.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be a big risk for undocumented immigrants to admit they don’t have papers, especially now, when President Trump is targeting immigrants and vowing to deport them in record numbers. And yet, in the past decade, more and more young people who were brought to the U.S. as children have been doing just that -- especially those who are LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Carrillo grew up, she ran into obstacles because of her immigration status. When she went to college, she didn’t qualify for financial aid, so she had to work full time to pay tuition, and it took her nine years to graduate. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/senate-bill/1291\" target=\"_blank\">DREAM Act\u003c/a> (an acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) would have given undocumented young people like her a path to a green card. But years after it was first introduced in 2001, the bill still hadn’t passed. So Carrillo decided to start lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had reached a point where we had to tell our own stories, we had to speak for ourselves,\" Carrillo said, \"because it was suffocating, you know, living in this place of fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suffocating — like when you're gay and in the closet. Carrillo also knew what that felt like. She came out as bisexual when she was 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it’s about living life on your own terms,\" Carrillo said. \"[It's about] you calling the shots about how you move about the world, and facing society head on, in your full truth, in both of those areas. And there's power in that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the most outspoken, undocumented young activists who organized across the country for the DREAM Act are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer. After the bill failed in Congress in 2007, they began taking a page from the in-your-face civil disobedience of AIDS and gay rights groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.actupny.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Act Up!\u003c/a> and adopting the practice — advocated by Harvey Milk and other LGBTQ activists — of “coming out” publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to know that queer people exist, and people need to know that undocumented people exist, and that we live next door, and that we brush our teeth, and that we floss, or don’t floss, just like everybody else,\" Carrillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, as four \"Dreamers\" (young immigrants who were brought to the U.S. without papers as children) walked from Florida to Washington, D.C., to push for the DREAM Act, a group of undocumented youth in Chicago declared \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.iyjl.org/national-coming-out-of-the-shadows-day/\" target=\"_blank\">National Coming Out of the Shadows\u003c/a>\" month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2010, Carrillo and four other young people decided to put their bodies on the line, in the place they felt was most dangerous for undocumented immigrants: Arizona. Just weeks before, the state had passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB 1070\u003c/a>, which made it a crime to be undocumented in the state and required police to check the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained, if police suspected they did not have government permission to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo, and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-160x202.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-240x302.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-375x473.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-520x655.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Yahaira Carrillo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrillo and the others walked into Sen. John McCain’s office, wearing blue graduation caps and gowns. They sat on the floor, and said they would not leave until the senator agreed to co-sponsor the DREAM Act. Carrillo remembers a police officer tried to talk them out of it. He said he had a son, too, and asked them to think of their future: How would they get a job if they were arrested?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I remember one of us saying, 'But you don’t understand. That’s the problem: that we can’t. We can't get a job,' \" Carrillo recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were risking everything. Four of the young people were arrested that day. Carrillo and two others were turned over to immigration authorities. They were later released but faced possible deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, more protests were happening around the country. A queer immigrant organizer named Prerna Lal, one of the founders of a group called \u003ca href=\"http://dreamactivist.org/\" target=\"_blank\">DreamActivist\u003c/a>, helped shut down Wilshire Boulevard outside Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did what I did because I didn’t feel like there was an alternative for me, or for my friends,\" said Lal, 32. \"For far too long, we had been cast aside, marginalized. Our stories were not seen as important, our lives not important. And I was tired of living that way and I couldn’t live that way. I felt like coming out and organizing was better. If it meant being deported, so be it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it's about living life on your own terms.'\u003ccite>Yahaira Carrillo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lal and her parents came from Fiji and overstayed their visas. By the time her parents got green cards, she was over 21 and couldn't legalize her status with them. Friends suggested she could get a green card another way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was told many times, 'Get married! Just find a boy!' And I was like, 'Well that’s not me, that’s not who I am,\" Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same-sex marriage wasn't legal at the time, but Lal says many mainstream immigrant rights organizations didn't want to address that obstacle as part of the fight for immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt like we were being told, 'While your immigrant stories are great, we don’t want to hear about your sexual orientation, that’s something you do in private,' \" said Lal. \"It's kind of funny talking about that now because we have come so far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DREAM Act didn't pass, but the Dreamers started something. After the arrest in McCain's office, more and more people began declaring themselves \"Undocumented, unafraid and unapologetic!\" a refrain that has echoes of the chant \"We're here, we're queer, get used to it!\" of radical gay rights organizations. That summer, 21 young undocumented people were arrested while holding sit-ins on Capitol Hill. Almost half of them also identified as queer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal says the Dreamers risking arrest and deportation caught the attention of the country … and the president. In 2012, President Barack Obama issued temporary protection from deportation for undocumented youth, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, known by its initials as DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"DACA’s only in place because people fought for it to be in place,\" Lal said. \"Obama didn’t wake up one day and just decide to do it on his own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, in the months before Obama's announcement, undocumented youth held sit-ins in his campaign offices, calling for an executive order to stop deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Escobar worked in the White House as special assistant to President Obama on immigration policy, and she helped craft DACA. She says the administration had been working on the directive for months before its announcement, and was not directly affected by the sit-ins that summer. She acknowledges, however, that the president and others in his administration had been meeting with undocumented youth from the beginning of his first term in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that Dreamers have been, you know, unafraid to come out and share their story has had a tremendous impact on the entire immigrant rights movement,\" said Escobar. \"They’re able to humanize the issue, they’re articulate, you see them, you hear them. They moved the ball forward in a really impactful way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 750,000 DACA applications have been approved since the policy began in 2012. During his campaign, Donald Trump vowed to end DACA. But as president, he has backed off somewhat, saying he would deal with people who have DACA with \"great heart,\" and leave it in place, at least for now. At the same time, he's promised to increase deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As of now it seems like DACA youth are safe,\" said Escobar, \"but they don’t live in a vacuum. They’re worried about their parents. They're worried about their siblings, who may not have qualified for DACA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal and Carrillo now see that fear and uncertainty every day at the East Bay Community Law Center where they both work. Lal is an attorney serving undocumented students at UC Berkeley. After Trump's inauguration, Lal says the number of students seeking legal help went up by 50 percent. She says she has even had clients who have refused needed medical care because they are worried that if their family members come to see them in the hospital, they could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of my greatest fears when Trump was elected was not that he would take DACA away, but that he would keep it and use it as a bargaining chip. And that's precisely what I see is happening,\" said Lal. \"A bargaining chip, saying, 'We'll deport everyone else, except for these young, amazing, quote-unquote children.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal fought her own deportation all the way to the Supreme Court and lost, but that same court ended up granting her a path to permanent residency when it ruled that same-sex marriage is legal. That allowed her to obtain a green card through her marriage to her U.S. citizen wife. Carrillo has a visa to live and work here now, too. Both of them say they know some people wonder if, under Trump, “coming out” as undocumented is too great a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that’s real,\" said Carrillo. \"But at the end of the day we don’t want to go back to the same place we were before. Because that’s basically the same thing we were told in 2010: 'We do this for your safety. We speak for you so you can be safe.' I have no desire to go back to that. I also have no desire to tell people they’re going to be safe. If you are not undocumented, it’s not your place to tell people. It’s just like coming out as queer. You choose when you come out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11407603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11407603 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='Blanca Vazquez invites undocumented immigrants to \"come out of the shadows\" at a rally in Oakland in April 2017.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blanca Vazquez, of the East Bay Immigrant Youth Coalition, invites undocumented immigrants to 'come out of the shadows' at a rally in Oakland in April 2017. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some undocumented youth and adults are still choosing to come out, and they're still using the chant \"Undocumented! Unafraid!\" at rallies and protests. Sometimes they end by shouting \"Queer, Trans, and Unashamed!\" At a recent rally outside the Alameda County Sheriff's Office in Oakland, people lined up for a turn at a microphone to \"come out of the shadows.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanca Vazquez, 28, helped organize the event. She said she arrived in the U.S. when she was 6 months old and applied for DACA last year, but she's still waiting for approval. Even with all the uncertainty under the Trump administration, she says she'll keep speaking out about her status. She still remembers the first time she saw someone share publicly that they were undocumented. After being told her entire life not to share her immigration status, she was shocked and remembers thinking, \"Does he know what he’s about to do? You just don’t do that. You don’t talk about this kind of thing with strangers!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, she burst into tears. In that moment, Vazquez says she also learned something: \"That my silence isolated me, and isolated everyone who was undocumented, and our isolation was not protecting us.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump's Plan to Cut 'Sanctuary' Funds Threatens S.F., Santa Clara Counties, Judge Says",
"title": "Trump's Plan to Cut 'Sanctuary' Funds Threatens S.F., Santa Clara Counties, Judge Says",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge says San Francisco and Santa Clara counties are at risk from the Trump administration's threat to cut funding for local governments with sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco believes it has a target on its back,” San Francisco Deputy City Attorney Sara Eisenberg told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cand.uscourts.gov/who\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. District Judge William Orrick\u003c/a> Friday during a hearing on legal challenges to President Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/presidential-executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united\" target=\"_blank\">executive order\u003c/a> to slash federal funds from cities, counties and states that have so-called sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know we don’t have to wait for that arrow to hit that target,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for San Francisco and Santa Clara counties brought the complaint in U.S. District Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing in San Francisco, Orrick asked the counties to respond to the federal government's main argument that the counties lack the right to challenge the order because, so far, neither has lost any federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that they are coming for San Francisco's funds,” Eisenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco receives roughly $2 billion a year in federal funds. Santa Clara County relies on $1.7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The counties are seeking a nationwide injunction against parts of the Jan. 25 executive order that they say threatens all of that money and puts their fiscal health at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government's lawyer, Acting Assistant Attorney General Chad Readler, refuted the claims. He said the counties were interpreting the executive order \"in the broadest terms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Executive Order 13768\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order states that people who enter the United States or overstay visas present “a significant threat to national security and public safety,” a threat the Trump administration asserts is heightened by jurisdictions that shield immigrants from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order instructs the U.S. attorney general and the secretary of Homeland Security to identify and penalize any jurisdiction that “prevents or hinders” enforcement of U.S. immigration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readler asserted that the only federal funds that might be cut are grants from the Department of Justice to fund local policing initiatives, and only if jurisdictions violate a federal statute that says no local authority can hinder communication between law enforcement and ICE regarding a person's immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readler added that neither San Francisco nor Santa Clara had been found to violate that provision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's laws prohibit law enforcement officers from responding with ICE detainer requests and limit when to give ICE advance notice of a person's release date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County adopted a \"civil detainer policy” in 2011 that included a provision that the county would honor detainers for serious or violent felons only if ICE would agree in writing to reimburse all costs. ICE refused, and the county stopped honoring detainer requests in October 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the counties said the executive order has to be considered in the context of threats by Trump, the White House press secretary and U.S. Attorney General \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4663754/ag-sessions-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\">Jeff Sessions\u003c/a> to punish local jurisdictions that do not respond to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainer-policy\" target=\"_blank\">detainer requests\u003c/a> from ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE issues these administrative warrants to get local law enforcement officials who are holding undocumented inmates in jail or prison to continue to hold them until federal agents can arrive to take them into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many jurisdictions, including some that do not identify as sanctuaries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigration-detainers-overview\" target=\"_blank\">refuse\u003c/a> to honor these requests because \u003ca href=\"https://www.lexisnexis.com/legalnewsroom/immigration/b/insidenews/archive/2014/04/17/ice-detainer-4th-amendment-violation-miranda-olivares-v-clackamas-county.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">courts\u003c/a> have found them unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney John Keker, arguing for Santa Clara County, told Judge Orrick the Trump administration is using the executive order in his own words \"as a 'weapon' to deprive jurisdictions of the money they need to operate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Readler put that down to the \"heated political debate about immigration.\" He said, “There’s no actual enforcement action on the table or even being threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrick disagreed. The judge labeled the threat to county budgets an indisputable fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is it true that every day you are owed millions of dollars by the federal government for services provided?\" Orrick asked Santa Clara County counsel James Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams answered that the county spends on average $4 million to $5 million a day that it relies on the federal government to reimburse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrick said he would issue a ruling as soon as he can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Constitutionality of Cuts May Come Down to Economic Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both county’s lawsuits cite a\u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/national-federation-of-independent-business-v-sebelius/\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Supreme Court decision\u003c/a> striking down part of the Affordable Care Act that would have cut all Medicaid funding for states that refused to expand the program. The move would have cut an average 10 percent of state budgets. The court said that was too coercive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice John Roberts called the cuts “a gun to the head”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the case challenging the administration’s crackdown on sanctuary cities, UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo thinks the government is well within its rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not unconstitutional for the federal government to place conditions on the use of funds, or to cut off funds altogether,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoo served in the Justice Department of President George W. Bush, and says in an earlier case out of South Dakota the Supreme Court ruled that it was OK to withhold highway funds to get state officials to raise the drinking age to 21. In that case the cuts represented a tiny share of the state budget -- less than half a percent.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "'We believe they are coming for San Francisco’s funds,' a deputy city attorney said during a hearing on challenges to a presidential executive order to slash federal funds from 'sanctuary' cities.",
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"description": "'We believe they are coming for San Francisco’s funds,' a deputy city attorney said during a hearing on challenges to a presidential executive order to slash federal funds from 'sanctuary' cities.",
"title": "Trump's Plan to Cut 'Sanctuary' Funds Threatens S.F., Santa Clara Counties, Judge Says | KQED",
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"headline": "Trump's Plan to Cut 'Sanctuary' Funds Threatens S.F., Santa Clara Counties, Judge Says",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge says San Francisco and Santa Clara counties are at risk from the Trump administration's threat to cut funding for local governments with sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco believes it has a target on its back,” San Francisco Deputy City Attorney Sara Eisenberg told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cand.uscourts.gov/who\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. District Judge William Orrick\u003c/a> Friday during a hearing on legal challenges to President Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/presidential-executive-order-enhancing-public-safety-interior-united\" target=\"_blank\">executive order\u003c/a> to slash federal funds from cities, counties and states that have so-called sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know we don’t have to wait for that arrow to hit that target,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for San Francisco and Santa Clara counties brought the complaint in U.S. District Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing in San Francisco, Orrick asked the counties to respond to the federal government's main argument that the counties lack the right to challenge the order because, so far, neither has lost any federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that they are coming for San Francisco's funds,” Eisenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco receives roughly $2 billion a year in federal funds. Santa Clara County relies on $1.7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The counties are seeking a nationwide injunction against parts of the Jan. 25 executive order that they say threatens all of that money and puts their fiscal health at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government's lawyer, Acting Assistant Attorney General Chad Readler, refuted the claims. He said the counties were interpreting the executive order \"in the broadest terms.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Executive Order 13768\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order states that people who enter the United States or overstay visas present “a significant threat to national security and public safety,” a threat the Trump administration asserts is heightened by jurisdictions that shield immigrants from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order instructs the U.S. attorney general and the secretary of Homeland Security to identify and penalize any jurisdiction that “prevents or hinders” enforcement of U.S. immigration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readler asserted that the only federal funds that might be cut are grants from the Department of Justice to fund local policing initiatives, and only if jurisdictions violate a federal statute that says no local authority can hinder communication between law enforcement and ICE regarding a person's immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readler added that neither San Francisco nor Santa Clara had been found to violate that provision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's laws prohibit law enforcement officers from responding with ICE detainer requests and limit when to give ICE advance notice of a person's release date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County adopted a \"civil detainer policy” in 2011 that included a provision that the county would honor detainers for serious or violent felons only if ICE would agree in writing to reimburse all costs. ICE refused, and the county stopped honoring detainer requests in October 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for the counties said the executive order has to be considered in the context of threats by Trump, the White House press secretary and U.S. Attorney General \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4663754/ag-sessions-sanctuary-cities\" target=\"_blank\">Jeff Sessions\u003c/a> to punish local jurisdictions that do not respond to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detainer-policy\" target=\"_blank\">detainer requests\u003c/a> from ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE issues these administrative warrants to get local law enforcement officials who are holding undocumented inmates in jail or prison to continue to hold them until federal agents can arrive to take them into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many jurisdictions, including some that do not identify as sanctuaries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigration-detainers-overview\" target=\"_blank\">refuse\u003c/a> to honor these requests because \u003ca href=\"https://www.lexisnexis.com/legalnewsroom/immigration/b/insidenews/archive/2014/04/17/ice-detainer-4th-amendment-violation-miranda-olivares-v-clackamas-county.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">courts\u003c/a> have found them unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney John Keker, arguing for Santa Clara County, told Judge Orrick the Trump administration is using the executive order in his own words \"as a 'weapon' to deprive jurisdictions of the money they need to operate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Readler put that down to the \"heated political debate about immigration.\" He said, “There’s no actual enforcement action on the table or even being threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrick disagreed. The judge labeled the threat to county budgets an indisputable fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is it true that every day you are owed millions of dollars by the federal government for services provided?\" Orrick asked Santa Clara County counsel James Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams answered that the county spends on average $4 million to $5 million a day that it relies on the federal government to reimburse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrick said he would issue a ruling as soon as he can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Constitutionality of Cuts May Come Down to Economic Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both county’s lawsuits cite a\u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/national-federation-of-independent-business-v-sebelius/\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Supreme Court decision\u003c/a> striking down part of the Affordable Care Act that would have cut all Medicaid funding for states that refused to expand the program. The move would have cut an average 10 percent of state budgets. The court said that was too coercive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice John Roberts called the cuts “a gun to the head”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the case challenging the administration’s crackdown on sanctuary cities, UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo thinks the government is well within its rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not unconstitutional for the federal government to place conditions on the use of funds, or to cut off funds altogether,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoo served in the Justice Department of President George W. Bush, and says in an earlier case out of South Dakota the Supreme Court ruled that it was OK to withhold highway funds to get state officials to raise the drinking age to 21. In that case the cuts represented a tiny share of the state budget -- less than half a percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Debates Whether to Become a 'Sanctuary' State",
"title": "California Debates Whether to Become a 'Sanctuary' State",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>It's a murder that is still driving debate nationally about so-called sanctuary cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two-year-old Kate Steinle was walking along the San Francisco waterfront on July 1, 2015, when shots rang out and she fell to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She died at the hospital hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An undocumented man was arrested and charged with her murder. He'd recently been released from San Francisco jail after a court dismissed a 20-year-old marijuana charge against him. The San Francisco Sheriff's Department ignored requests to tell immigration officials about his release, citing San Francisco's sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"If you are prosecuted and convicted by a district attorney, you should do your time in prison -- you shouldn't be swept up and deported.\" \u003ccite>Senate President Kevin de León\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=1\">why the man, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, was in San Francisco in the first place remains unclear.\u003c/a> He had just finished almost four years in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally -- the fifth time he’d been caught sneaking into the U.S. He also had seven past felony convictions. Yet the federal government transferred him to San Francisco for a decades-old misdemeanor and immigration officials never came to get him -- or got a court warrant, which would have forced the sheriff to hand Sanchez over to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the case \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/Pier-slaying-reveals-immigrant-justice-depends-on-6379649.php?t=66a13a1dd30a4808f6&cmpid=twitter-premium\">stoked anger\u003c/a> and became \u003ca href=\"http://kron4.com/2016/07/21/trump-mentions-kate-steinle-during-speech/\">campaign fodder\u003c/a> for then-candidate Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nearly two years later, it's still being invoked on both sides of a debate over whether the state of California should embrace policies similar to San Francisco's, which prohibit local law enforcement from cooperating with federal immigration enforcement in most circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers in the state Senate recently approved a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">bill\u003c/a>, on a party-line vote, to expand those protections statewide -- even as the Trump administration threatens to withhold federal funding from governments it deems to have sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11406894\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11406894 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Senate President Kevin de Leon wrote SB54 to restrict local law enforcement cooperation with ICE.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Senate President Kevin de León wrote SB 54 to restrict local law enforcement cooperation with ICE. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think all of us as senators -- Democrats and Republicans ... do not want criminals in our neighborhoods,\" said Senate President Kevin de León, who wrote Senate Bill 54. \"But what's extraordinary about this administration is that the focus (of immigration authorities) is no longer exclusively on violent criminal felons, rather it's on ordinary residents of this great state. It's been broadened ... to include everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De León thinks SB 54 will help protect those ordinary immigrants and others, by ensuring that immigrant communities trust police and come forward to report crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials would not comment on either the Steinle case or SB 54.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California law already restricts sheriffs from holding undocumented immigrants in jail simply because of their immigration status, the bill would go even further by prohibiting law enforcement agencies in California from being involved in any immigration enforcement action. Most controversially, it would bar sheriffs, who run jails, from contacting ICE about someone in their jail, or transferring a criminal suspect to the federal agency, unless a judge orders them to do so -- or the person has a violent or serious felony in their past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration says it will punish governments with sanctuary policies by withholding federal funding. Whether the administration can do so is up in the air -- cities, including San Francisco, have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/s-f-files-suit-against-trump-saying-punishing-sanctuary-cities-is-illegal/\">sued over the threat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It makes no distinction between people who come here to work hard, to become U.S. citizens, to those who come here to prey on others.\" \u003ccite>Republican Senator Joel Anderson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>State Senate Republican Joel Anderson said his concerns about the bill extend beyond the potential\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> financial repercussions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"It makes no distinction between people who come here to work hard, to become U.S. citizens, to those who come here to prey on others,\" he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson is among the Republicans and sheriffs who say the bill will push immigration enforcement actions out of jails and into communities -- and make law-abiding undocumented immigrants less safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we’re not allowed to contact our federal partner and these people are released into our community, they’re going to create more victims. And a lot of these victims are undocumented immigrants who live in our communities and work in our counties,\" said Kern County Sheriff Donny Youngblood, who serves as president of the California State Sheriffs' Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-14c-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24934_GettyImages-481485054-qut-800x571.jpg\" Title=\"California Debates Whether to Become a 'Sanctuary' State\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youngblood said sheriffs don’t want to be immigration agents, but have to follow both state and federal laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Democrats say undocumented immigrants accused of a crime should be afforded due process under the law, Youngblood argued that many people who come through his jail are dangerous --even though they’ve never been convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, he said, will, \"prohibit sheriffs from sharing information about a gang member being held in county jail on a murder charge, because he hasn't even been convicted yet. That’s very troubling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But de León says that argument is troubling. Immigration enforcement shouldn’t be used to punish people for alleged crimes, he said -- the criminal justice system should.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If there is alleged crime that has been committed and if you are prosecuted and convicted by a district attorney, you should do your time in prison -- you shouldn't be swept up and deported. That's called criminal dumping,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De León contends that’s what happened in the Kate Steinle case -- the federal government failed to do its job even after Steinle’s alleged killer repeatedly sneaked back into the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De León argues the bill will safeguard California and its economy by maintaining all residents’ trust in police and protecting people now eligible for deportation under an executive order signed by President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The very men and women that we trust to take care of our children, the very same men and women who make our food, the very same men and women who works the fields in Tulare and Kings County and Kern County and Fresno -- who sweat under hot sun every single day -- because they are eligible by the criteria that’s been broadened by the executive order,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill now goes to the state Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The 2015 murder of Kate Steinle is still being invoked as lawmakers weigh whether to embrace policies similar to San Francisco's, which prohibit local law enforcement from cooperating with ICE in most circumstances.",
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"description": "The 2015 murder of Kate Steinle is still being invoked as lawmakers weigh whether to embrace policies similar to San Francisco's, which prohibit local law enforcement from cooperating with ICE in most circumstances.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's a murder that is still driving debate nationally about so-called sanctuary cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty-two-year-old Kate Steinle was walking along the San Francisco waterfront on July 1, 2015, when shots rang out and she fell to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She died at the hospital hours later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An undocumented man was arrested and charged with her murder. He'd recently been released from San Francisco jail after a court dismissed a 20-year-old marijuana charge against him. The San Francisco Sheriff's Department ignored requests to tell immigration officials about his release, citing San Francisco's sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"If you are prosecuted and convicted by a district attorney, you should do your time in prison -- you shouldn't be swept up and deported.\" \u003ccite>Senate President Kevin de León\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=1\">why the man, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, was in San Francisco in the first place remains unclear.\u003c/a> He had just finished almost four years in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally -- the fifth time he’d been caught sneaking into the U.S. He also had seven past felony convictions. Yet the federal government transferred him to San Francisco for a decades-old misdemeanor and immigration officials never came to get him -- or got a court warrant, which would have forced the sheriff to hand Sanchez over to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the case \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/Pier-slaying-reveals-immigrant-justice-depends-on-6379649.php?t=66a13a1dd30a4808f6&cmpid=twitter-premium\">stoked anger\u003c/a> and became \u003ca href=\"http://kron4.com/2016/07/21/trump-mentions-kate-steinle-during-speech/\">campaign fodder\u003c/a> for then-candidate Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And nearly two years later, it's still being invoked on both sides of a debate over whether the state of California should embrace policies similar to San Francisco's, which prohibit local law enforcement from cooperating with federal immigration enforcement in most circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers in the state Senate recently approved a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\">bill\u003c/a>, on a party-line vote, to expand those protections statewide -- even as the Trump administration threatens to withhold federal funding from governments it deems to have sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11406894\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11406894 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Senate President Kevin de Leon wrote SB54 to restrict local law enforcement cooperation with ICE.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS15578_BUDGET_34-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Senate President Kevin de León wrote SB 54 to restrict local law enforcement cooperation with ICE. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think all of us as senators -- Democrats and Republicans ... do not want criminals in our neighborhoods,\" said Senate President Kevin de León, who wrote Senate Bill 54. \"But what's extraordinary about this administration is that the focus (of immigration authorities) is no longer exclusively on violent criminal felons, rather it's on ordinary residents of this great state. It's been broadened ... to include everybody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De León thinks SB 54 will help protect those ordinary immigrants and others, by ensuring that immigrant communities trust police and come forward to report crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials would not comment on either the Steinle case or SB 54.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California law already restricts sheriffs from holding undocumented immigrants in jail simply because of their immigration status, the bill would go even further by prohibiting law enforcement agencies in California from being involved in any immigration enforcement action. Most controversially, it would bar sheriffs, who run jails, from contacting ICE about someone in their jail, or transferring a criminal suspect to the federal agency, unless a judge orders them to do so -- or the person has a violent or serious felony in their past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration says it will punish governments with sanctuary policies by withholding federal funding. Whether the administration can do so is up in the air -- cities, including San Francisco, have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/s-f-files-suit-against-trump-saying-punishing-sanctuary-cities-is-illegal/\">sued over the threat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It makes no distinction between people who come here to work hard, to become U.S. citizens, to those who come here to prey on others.\" \u003ccite>Republican Senator Joel Anderson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>State Senate Republican Joel Anderson said his concerns about the bill extend beyond the potential\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> financial repercussions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"It makes no distinction between people who come here to work hard, to become U.S. citizens, to those who come here to prey on others,\" he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson is among the Republicans and sheriffs who say the bill will push immigration enforcement actions out of jails and into communities -- and make law-abiding undocumented immigrants less safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we’re not allowed to contact our federal partner and these people are released into our community, they’re going to create more victims. And a lot of these victims are undocumented immigrants who live in our communities and work in our counties,\" said Kern County Sheriff Donny Youngblood, who serves as president of the California State Sheriffs' Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youngblood said sheriffs don’t want to be immigration agents, but have to follow both state and federal laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Democrats say undocumented immigrants accused of a crime should be afforded due process under the law, Youngblood argued that many people who come through his jail are dangerous --even though they’ve never been convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, he said, will, \"prohibit sheriffs from sharing information about a gang member being held in county jail on a murder charge, because he hasn't even been convicted yet. That’s very troubling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But de León says that argument is troubling. Immigration enforcement shouldn’t be used to punish people for alleged crimes, he said -- the criminal justice system should.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If there is alleged crime that has been committed and if you are prosecuted and convicted by a district attorney, you should do your time in prison -- you shouldn't be swept up and deported. That's called criminal dumping,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De León contends that’s what happened in the Kate Steinle case -- the federal government failed to do its job even after Steinle’s alleged killer repeatedly sneaked back into the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De León argues the bill will safeguard California and its economy by maintaining all residents’ trust in police and protecting people now eligible for deportation under an executive order signed by President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The very men and women that we trust to take care of our children, the very same men and women who make our food, the very same men and women who works the fields in Tulare and Kings County and Kern County and Fresno -- who sweat under hot sun every single day -- because they are eligible by the criteria that’s been broadened by the executive order,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill now goes to the state Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Dreamer Sees Path to Escape Immigration Limbo",
"title": "Dreamer Sees Path to Escape Immigration Limbo",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a week into Donald Trump’s presidency, and Olivia is scared -- so scared that she doesn’t want to use her real name or her husband's in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 28-year-old grew up as an undocumented immigrant in San Jose and is one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/05/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands protected\u003c/a> under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). That protection and her welcoming community used to make her feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Trump, who had promised to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-and-daca-a-confusing-history_us_58b9960be4b0fa65b844b24a\" target=\"_blank\">end DACA\u003c/a>, was elected president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home, and she's just not there,” says her husband, Jacob, about arriving home the day after the election. “It just looked like she was just physically here, but her mind was just kind of gone. Like she doesn't know what to actually think or do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s first concern was not for herself, but for her younger brother, also a DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've always been kind of my brother's second mom, so when this all happened I just thought, ‘What is going to happen to [him]?’ ” she says. “I have an option that he doesn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia’s option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob is a U.S. citizen, and through their marriage, Olivia can apply for a green card and legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never pressured him to marry because I didn't need it,” Olivia says of their four-year courtship. DACA gave her a way to work and protection from deportation, so she felt OK. “If we were going to get married, it was going to come from him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob proposed to Olivia last July, and the two started planning a wedding for fall 2017. They booked the Dutch Windmill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was finally going to have the wedding that I had always envisioned,” Olivia says, “but then Nov. 8 happened, and I panicked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dream wedding went out the window, and the two eloped in a small ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December. They wanted to have their marriage finalized and her legalization application submitted before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rushed wedding had an added level of tension: Jacob’s family didn’t know about Olivia’s undocumented status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding wasn't what it should have been because there was so much tension because people didn't know why they were there at the time,” Olivia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t tell his family until recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very understanding and supportive,” she says. “I didn’t want them thinking that I'm only with him for that, that I'm taking advantage of the situation. They reassured me that they would never think that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming to the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia remembers the day 20 years ago when her dad left their family home in Tepic, Mexico, to cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He grabbed the suitcase, and I didn’t understand the magnitude of what was happening,” she says. “He walked out, and my mom started crying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her dad worked in the Central Valley picking grapes and peaches, the rest of the family -- Olivia, her mom and her younger brother -- struggled to make ends meet in Mexico. Olivia remembers nights when her mom had only enough money left for the bus home from work, leaving nothing for extra food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going from bad to worse,” she says of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XVIOJI3oXfrzXXAqM3eQcDQW1NIDK2QK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, her dad saved enough money to bring the rest of the family to the states. Olivia, then 10, and her 7-year-old brother crossed first -- without their mom -- and made it. But when their mom later made the attempt, she collapsed in the desert and was picked up by the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia says her mom was ready to stay in Mexico and wanted the kids to come back. But her dad convinced Olivia's mom to try again, and this time, she made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-160x188.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1020x1196.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1180x1383.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-960x1126.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-240x281.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-375x440.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-520x610.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing my mom, and it was probably the best feeling,” Olivia says. “It’s been hard, but we’re together, and that’s all that matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in her situation -- \"Dreamers\" trying to become legal through marriage -- would have to leave the country for years while trying to adjust their status, but Olivia is lucky. When her father first crossed into the U.S. from Mexico 20 years ago, his sister put Olivia and her family on a waiting list to get a green card under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/pressrelease/Section245ProvisionLIFEAct_032301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">now-expired program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia is grandfathered into that program, meaning she can pay a $1,000 fine and process her paperwork here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s so much uncertainty'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, Olivia has tried to avoid the news because of the uncertainty and fear around Trump’s immigration policy. She and her husband don’t watch the news, and she does her best to stay off Facebook. She’s thrown herself into her work as a high school Spanish teacher and started working as an assistant coach for the girls' soccer team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her destress and keep her mind off the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of her players are also her students, and she peppers soccer practice with bits of Spanish. Calls of “Profe!” -- the term Spanish students use to refer to their teachers -- ring out across the field. She smiles and laughs with the girls, clearly enjoying the respite from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she can never truly get away. After practice, she expresses fear after hearing about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-georgia-dreamer-immigration-20170301-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dreamer in Mississippi\u003c/a> who was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for speaking out about her status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live,” she says. “There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her application process, in March, immigration officials fingerprinted and vetted Olivia through a system of over a hundred security checks. If everything checks out, she should get a work permit in the next several months, giving Olivia a way to work legally in the U.S. even if the administration ends DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is an interview in which Jacob and Olivia will be grilled on the details of their relationship to prove their marriage is legitimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to know pretty common things or things that we would know if we lived together,” Olivia says, \"but Jacob forgets things easily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob doesn't like the idea that he has to prove his love for Olivia to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn't have to do this,” he says. “We love each other. We take care of each other. We've been there for each other since the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's lawyer is confident Olivia's undocumented status won’t be a stumbling block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that's right now,” Olivia says. “We may get our appointment for interview end of October or November. That's a long time from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a week into Donald Trump’s presidency, and Olivia is scared -- so scared that she doesn’t want to use her real name or her husband's in this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 28-year-old grew up as an undocumented immigrant in San Jose and is one of \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/05/unauthorized-immigrants-covered-by-daca-face-uncertain-future/\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds of thousands protected\u003c/a> under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). That protection and her welcoming community used to make her feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Trump, who had promised to \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-and-daca-a-confusing-history_us_58b9960be4b0fa65b844b24a\" target=\"_blank\">end DACA\u003c/a>, was elected president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come home, and she's just not there,” says her husband, Jacob, about arriving home the day after the election. “It just looked like she was just physically here, but her mind was just kind of gone. Like she doesn't know what to actually think or do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s first concern was not for herself, but for her younger brother, also a DACA recipient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I've always been kind of my brother's second mom, so when this all happened I just thought, ‘What is going to happen to [him]?’ ” she says. “I have an option that he doesn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Olivia’s option\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob is a U.S. citizen, and through their marriage, Olivia can apply for a green card and legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never pressured him to marry because I didn't need it,” Olivia says of their four-year courtship. DACA gave her a way to work and protection from deportation, so she felt OK. “If we were going to get married, it was going to come from him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob proposed to Olivia last July, and the two started planning a wedding for fall 2017. They booked the Dutch Windmill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was finally going to have the wedding that I had always envisioned,” Olivia says, “but then Nov. 8 happened, and I panicked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24895_Wedding-1-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob share a moment after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. They wanted to get married and start Olivia's application for legal status before President Trump took office. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dream wedding went out the window, and the two eloped in a small ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December. They wanted to have their marriage finalized and her legalization application submitted before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rushed wedding had an added level of tension: Jacob’s family didn’t know about Olivia’s undocumented status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding wasn't what it should have been because there was so much tension because people didn't know why they were there at the time,” Olivia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t tell his family until recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very understanding and supportive,” she says. “I didn’t want them thinking that I'm only with him for that, that I'm taking advantage of the situation. They reassured me that they would never think that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming to the United States\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia remembers the day 20 years ago when her dad left their family home in Tepic, Mexico, to cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He grabbed the suitcase, and I didn’t understand the magnitude of what was happening,” she says. “He walked out, and my mom started crying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her dad worked in the Central Valley picking grapes and peaches, the rest of the family -- Olivia, her mom and her younger brother -- struggled to make ends meet in Mexico. Olivia remembers nights when her mom had only enough money left for the bus home from work, leaving nothing for extra food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was going from bad to worse,” she says of that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two years, her dad saved enough money to bring the rest of the family to the states. Olivia, then 10, and her 7-year-old brother crossed first -- without their mom -- and made it. But when their mom later made the attempt, she collapsed in the desert and was picked up by the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia says her mom was ready to stay in Mexico and wanted the kids to come back. But her dad convinced Olivia's mom to try again, and this time, she made it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397353\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"938\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-800x938.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-160x188.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1020x1196.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-1180x1383.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-960x1126.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-240x281.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-375x440.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Wedding-2-520x610.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia and Jacob walk together after their civil ceremony at the Palace of Fine Arts in December 2016. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Olivia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember seeing my mom, and it was probably the best feeling,” Olivia says. “It’s been hard, but we’re together, and that’s all that matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in her situation -- \"Dreamers\" trying to become legal through marriage -- would have to leave the country for years while trying to adjust their status, but Olivia is lucky. When her father first crossed into the U.S. from Mexico 20 years ago, his sister put Olivia and her family on a waiting list to get a green card under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/pressrelease/Section245ProvisionLIFEAct_032301.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">now-expired program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia is grandfathered into that program, meaning she can pay a $1,000 fine and process her paperwork here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘There’s so much uncertainty'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, Olivia has tried to avoid the news because of the uncertainty and fear around Trump’s immigration policy. She and her husband don’t watch the news, and she does her best to stay off Facebook. She’s thrown herself into her work as a high school Spanish teacher and started working as an assistant coach for the girls' soccer team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11396793\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11396793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her de-stress and keep her mind off of the news surrounding immigration policy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Olivia-Hands-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia looks at pictures of dogs on Instagram to help her destress and keep her mind off the news surrounding immigration policy. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of her players are also her students, and she peppers soccer practice with bits of Spanish. Calls of “Profe!” -- the term Spanish students use to refer to their teachers -- ring out across the field. She smiles and laughs with the girls, clearly enjoying the respite from the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she can never truly get away. After practice, she expresses fear after hearing about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-georgia-dreamer-immigration-20170301-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Dreamer in Mississippi\u003c/a> who was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) for speaking out about her status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There's so much uncertainty, and it just makes you feel so helpless that you just have to sit back and wait. It's not a nice way to live,” she says. “There isn't protection for people with DACA. There just isn't.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her application process, in March, immigration officials fingerprinted and vetted Olivia through a system of over a hundred security checks. If everything checks out, she should get a work permit in the next several months, giving Olivia a way to work legally in the U.S. even if the administration ends DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is an interview in which Jacob and Olivia will be grilled on the details of their relationship to prove their marriage is legitimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to know pretty common things or things that we would know if we lived together,” Olivia says, \"but Jacob forgets things easily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob doesn't like the idea that he has to prove his love for Olivia to someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn't have to do this,” he says. “We love each other. We take care of each other. We've been there for each other since the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's lawyer is confident Olivia's undocumented status won’t be a stumbling block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that's right now,” Olivia says. “We may get our appointment for interview end of October or November. That's a long time from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — An advocacy group said Tuesday that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog fielded more than 1,000 complaints of sexual assault or sexual abuse from people in custody in a little more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement is the latest group in recent years to document allegations of abuse at immigration detention centers, based on information obtained from public records requests. It comes as President Donald Trump seeks to expand detention capacity in a drive to deport more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers obtained by the group don't provide details on individual cases or a full accounting of how the complaints were addressed, but they suggest complaints are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security inspector general's office disclosed that it received 1,016 complaints from detainees reporting sexual abuse or assault from May 2014 to July 2016. More than 90 percent involved Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency within Homeland Security that has more than 30,000 beds at detention facilities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general received more than 33,000 allegations of a broader range of abuses from January 2010 to July 2016, including 702 for coerced sexual contact, 714 for physical or sexual abuse and 589 for sexual harassment, according to the group. The group's analysis showed the inspector general investigated 247, or less than 1 percent. But it was unclear how many others were taken up by agencies in the department, such as Immigration and Customs and Enforcement or Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"9I5dRtrl2Yzg2O4IQmwJHPaT0YQNtf6J\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group cited the numbers in a complaint to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly that urges changes in how allegations are handled. Gillian Christensen, a Homeland Security spokeswoman, said the department would review the complaint \"to determine if further action or recommendations are warranted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen noted the allegations represent a small number of the more than 2 million admissions to Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities in the six-year period covered in the report. She said the agency has a \"zero tolerance policy\" and listed steps it has taken to address sexual abuse of detainees, including a directive to employees on prevention and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE's goal is to prevent all sexual abuse among its custody population, given the volume of individuals who annually pass through its detention system, the agency believes the overall incidence of such activity is very low,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office generally focuses on allegations of employee misconduct and often refers complaints of detainee abuse to Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Office of Professional Responsibility to follow up, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"c6XKdI8cLRCBO2uUpKpvW4h4ZCVqVw45\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement said it independently documented 27 alleged instances of sexual abuse. Most haven't filed grievances because they fear retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Menjivar was allegedly raped by another detainee in the presence of four witnesses at the Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe, Texas, in September 2013. The group says an official told him that he was stupid to let it happen and that the facility didn't document Menjivar's claim or provide medical or psychological care. Menjivar reported the incident to a doctor in November 2014, and after being interviewed twice, authorities told him that his allegations were unsubstantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also published figures, obtained from a records request by Human Rights Watch, that show private companies contracted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement had the most hotline complaints of sexual and physical assault from Oct. 1, 2012 to March 14, 2016, as opposed to centers managed by the agency. Detention centers managed by The Geo Group Inc. occupied first, third and fourth slots with facilities in Jena, Louisiana; Adelanto, California; and Tacoma, Washington. CCA Inc. facilities in Houston and San Diego occupied the second and fifth slots.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — An advocacy group said Tuesday that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog fielded more than 1,000 complaints of sexual assault or sexual abuse from people in custody in a little more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement is the latest group in recent years to document allegations of abuse at immigration detention centers, based on information obtained from public records requests. It comes as President Donald Trump seeks to expand detention capacity in a drive to deport more people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numbers obtained by the group don't provide details on individual cases or a full accounting of how the complaints were addressed, but they suggest complaints are common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security inspector general's office disclosed that it received 1,016 complaints from detainees reporting sexual abuse or assault from May 2014 to July 2016. More than 90 percent involved Immigration and Customs Enforcement, an agency within Homeland Security that has more than 30,000 beds at detention facilities nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general received more than 33,000 allegations of a broader range of abuses from January 2010 to July 2016, including 702 for coerced sexual contact, 714 for physical or sexual abuse and 589 for sexual harassment, according to the group. The group's analysis showed the inspector general investigated 247, or less than 1 percent. But it was unclear how many others were taken up by agencies in the department, such as Immigration and Customs and Enforcement or Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group cited the numbers in a complaint to Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly that urges changes in how allegations are handled. Gillian Christensen, a Homeland Security spokeswoman, said the department would review the complaint \"to determine if further action or recommendations are warranted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen noted the allegations represent a small number of the more than 2 million admissions to Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention facilities in the six-year period covered in the report. She said the agency has a \"zero tolerance policy\" and listed steps it has taken to address sexual abuse of detainees, including a directive to employees on prevention and intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE's goal is to prevent all sexual abuse among its custody population, given the volume of individuals who annually pass through its detention system, the agency believes the overall incidence of such activity is very low,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office generally focuses on allegations of employee misconduct and often refers complaints of detainee abuse to Immigration and Customs Enforcement's Office of Professional Responsibility to follow up, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement said it independently documented 27 alleged instances of sexual abuse. Most haven't filed grievances because they fear retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Menjivar was allegedly raped by another detainee in the presence of four witnesses at the Joe Corley Detention Center in Conroe, Texas, in September 2013. The group says an official told him that he was stupid to let it happen and that the facility didn't document Menjivar's claim or provide medical or psychological care. Menjivar reported the incident to a doctor in November 2014, and after being interviewed twice, authorities told him that his allegations were unsubstantiated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also published figures, obtained from a records request by Human Rights Watch, that show private companies contracted by Immigration and Customs Enforcement had the most hotline complaints of sexual and physical assault from Oct. 1, 2012 to March 14, 2016, as opposed to centers managed by the agency. Detention centers managed by The Geo Group Inc. occupied first, third and fourth slots with facilities in Jena, Louisiana; Adelanto, California; and Tacoma, Washington. CCA Inc. facilities in Houston and San Diego occupied the second and fifth slots.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Enforcement Under Trump: Is There Reason for the Fear?",
"title": "Immigration Enforcement Under Trump: Is There Reason for the Fear?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Protesters rallied in downtown Los Angeles last month in support of 48-year-old Romulo Avelica Gonzalez, a father of four who \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/07/69635/attorney-uphill-battle-to-keep-highland-park-dad-i/\">immigration officials arrested\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents pulled him over in Highland Park, about six blocks from where he had taken one of his daughters to school, and while on the way to drop off another daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His case made national headlines. A video of the arrest filmed by his sobbing 13-year-old daughter was widely shared on social media. Politicians got involved. Supporters held a fundraiser to help cover his legal expenses. A broad network of activists and supporters, many strangers, came to the family's defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The keen interest in Avelica's arrest may not have risen\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to the level it did two years ago, under President Obama's administration, when his family says immigration agents first came to their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"h7QZdsx09aV3F9LeMcv27qQGwCGWonIy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2015 in September, ICE showed up to my mom’s house,\" said Brenda Avelica, 24, one of her father's older daughters. \"He felt that it was ICE, so he didn’t come out. My dad didn’t come out. And they didn’t have an order to come in. So they didn’t take him that day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials would not comment on any prior attempts to arrest Romulo Avelica Gonzalez. But they did confirm he would have been a priority for arrest even under the Obama administration's guidelines: According to the immigration agency, Avelica had a 2014 deportation order and a minor criminal record, including a DUI dating back to 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda Avelica said after the 2015 visit, the family took precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lived paranoid, like scared,\" she said. \"We didn’t have a gate in the back, so we put in a big gate with a lock. We had one dog, but we got another dog, for guarding purposes … my dad didn’t go to the store by himself after that anymore. Somebody went with him, just to be a witness, or in case something like that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it took months before the family relaxed and let down its guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started living normally again,\" Brenda Avelica said. \"But it was always in the back of our heads. I don't think there was a day that we weren't ... thinking that maybe it could happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's Different Now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant families with members in the U.S illegally are living with similar fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Trump administration signed an executive order in January establishing a policy of strict enforcement against unauthorized immigrants, arrests have made frequent headlines. Some immigrants have \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/20/69948/fearing-immigration-crackdown-some-go-into-hiding/\">gone into hiding\u003c/a> or are preparing \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/21/69950/immigrants-prepare-for-a-day-when-another-might-ha/\">for the day ICE agents show up\u003c/a>. Others contemplate or have taken steps to return to their homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all the felt fear and life-changing decisions families are making, this is not the first time that immigration agents have cracked down on those lacking permission to reside in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the George W. Bush administration sent ICE agents to arrest immigrants with outstanding deportation orders. ICE \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-1n18immig211029-immigration-agents-casting-their-n-2009jan18-htmlstory.html\">\"fugitive operations\" teams \u003c/a>were sent to people's homes in the early morning hours. On many occasions, bystanders who were not being sought but were in the country illegally were also arrested. ICE called these \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/ice-fugitive-operations-program\">collateral\u003c/a> arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vURfpyMT3dzLNYPfCVBV7WtmpnUI4H8N\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, the Obama administration deported record numbers of immigrants. In fiscal years 2012 through 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015/table39\">more than 400,000 deportations\u003c/a> took place each year, according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security statistics. A record 434,015 immigrants were removed from the U.S. in fiscal year 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does the fear seem heightened in the wake of Trump's election?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris Meissner, former commissioner of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service under President Clinton, says enforcement policies have gotten stricter. INS preceded the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [Trump] guidelines say that everybody who is in the country without a legal status is subject to deportation from the country,\" said Meissner, now a senior policy fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/\">Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a> in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Trump executive order rolls back protections initiated in the later Obama years, directing immigration agents to focus on immigrants convicted of serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said while those with criminal records remain priority targets under Trump, agents have more discretion to arrest others deemed deportable, even if their sole charge is living in the country without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still not clear to what extent deportation numbers could change under Trump's executive order. \"We don't really know how much of a difference it will actually make,\" Meissner said. \"It is too soon to tell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does seem likely, she said, is there will be more collateral arrests than occurred in prior administrations, and more arrests of immigrants living in the U.S. illegally who don’t have criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rumors, Rhetoric and Reality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Such arrests essentially return enforcement to where it stood in the late 2000s. But a decade ago, arrests rarely made the national news. Now, cases of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/09/514299631/after-years-of-uneventful-check-ins-arizona-woman-is-arrested-faces-deportation\">immigrant suddenly deported\u003c/a> or an arrest of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/15/69100/worries-heightened-in-socal-after-arrest-of-daca-r/\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) participant\u003c/a> granted temporary residency can turn into a cause célèbre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Nogales, director of the media watchdog group National Hispanic Media Coalition, has a theory about why this is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DZQXOb5HmGTj7ObYu9NNYqZfSG7jeuc8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is so different now than it was 10 years ago, five years ago? ... [It's] that the talk is out there, day in, day out,\" Nogales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While past administrations carried out tough enforcement, too, they did not engage in the same harsh rhetoric that Trump has employed since \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/2015/06/25/29292957/\">his campaign\u003c/a>. His vow to deport millions of undocumented immigrants appealed to his supporters, and that promise is now making its way into his enforcement policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, when you have that kind of a toxic environment, of course people are going to talk about it. Of course people are going to report on it,\" Nogales said. \"Of course there is going to be a lot more action and activity and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing to the heightened reaction are immigrant advocates who have stepped up their activity in response to Trump's enforcement policies, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some reports of ICE activity that are circulated — not just by advocates but by concerned residents via social media — have turned out to be inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You kind of get this flurry of calls from friends, like, 'I saw on Facebook that there's this checkpoint over here,' \" said Erick Huerta, a Boyle Heights community activist who grew up undocumented in the U.S. and has temporary protection from deportation under DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles said witnesses told them there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/08/56716/weekend-immigration-raids-prompting-fear-and-rumor/\">workplace arrests in Chino\u003c/a>. But ICE officials said they made no arrests there on the day cited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE agents did announce the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/10/68963/ice-announce-160-arrests-in-socal-as-part-of-surge/\">arrests in Southern California\u003c/a> of about 160 immigrants in February, describing the \"enforcement surge\" as part of the agency's periodic operations. However, reports at the time of ICE checkpoints and random sweeps were dismissed by David Marin, field office director for enforcement and removal operations in the Los Angeles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"T40DrnHovNTjzMKUj95IZQY1ETlL6MWs\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin called the information \"definitely dangerous and irresponsible because reports like that create a panic, and they put communities and law enforcement at risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Decisions in a Fraught Climate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In this atmosphere, people are basing decisions about their lives on information that may not be true or to their best advantage, said Alejandra Cano, a representative of Mexico's national immigration service, the Instituto Nacional de Migración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano, who works at the Mexican Consulate in Los Angeles, has seen the effects of this superheated climate. She coordinates a program through Mexico's immigration service called \"Somos Mexicanos,\" or Spanish for \"We are Mexican.\" The program assists Mexicans who are returning home, both voluntarily and because of deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said that since January, 77 Southern California families have sought help to move back to Mexico. Most have U.S.-born children, and seven have already left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, she has seen a marked difference in the reasons people give in explaining why they want to leave the U.S..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before ... the reason was because they wanted to retire in Mexico,\" Cano said. \"And now, the people feel afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"A6Nge2OXnIIjOpo6VuNABImWek37RAq8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said she tries to reason with them. She asks them if they have a criminal record or a deportation order. If they don’t, she tells them there is no cause to rush out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that in the first three months of this year, Mexico has received fewer deportees than in the same period a year ago, when Obama was in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference now is the message that this administration is sending to everybody, and the fear in everybody,\" Cano said. \"That fear is making people take decisions they shouldn’t take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of the heightened awareness of deportation cases is that those arrested — like Romulo Avelica Gonzalez — are attracting more support than they might have before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Avelica was arrested, administrators at his daughter's school quickly spread the word and immigration activists mobilized an effort to stop his deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has worked so far — Avelica is still in detention, but not yet deported. Lawyers are working to keep him in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like now, with the presidency, I feel like immigration is maybe a little bigger now, and maybe it’s talked about more,\" said Avelica's daughter, Brenda. \"So maybe it is getting more attention now than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's hoping, with the widespread attention he's been receiving, her father will eventually be released.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Protesters rallied in downtown Los Angeles last month in support of 48-year-old Romulo Avelica Gonzalez, a father of four who \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/07/69635/attorney-uphill-battle-to-keep-highland-park-dad-i/\">immigration officials arrested\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents pulled him over in Highland Park, about six blocks from where he had taken one of his daughters to school, and while on the way to drop off another daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His case made national headlines. A video of the arrest filmed by his sobbing 13-year-old daughter was widely shared on social media. Politicians got involved. Supporters held a fundraiser to help cover his legal expenses. A broad network of activists and supporters, many strangers, came to the family's defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The keen interest in Avelica's arrest may not have risen\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to the level it did two years ago, under President Obama's administration, when his family says immigration agents first came to their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2015 in September, ICE showed up to my mom’s house,\" said Brenda Avelica, 24, one of her father's older daughters. \"He felt that it was ICE, so he didn’t come out. My dad didn’t come out. And they didn’t have an order to come in. So they didn’t take him that day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials would not comment on any prior attempts to arrest Romulo Avelica Gonzalez. But they did confirm he would have been a priority for arrest even under the Obama administration's guidelines: According to the immigration agency, Avelica had a 2014 deportation order and a minor criminal record, including a DUI dating back to 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda Avelica said after the 2015 visit, the family took precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lived paranoid, like scared,\" she said. \"We didn’t have a gate in the back, so we put in a big gate with a lock. We had one dog, but we got another dog, for guarding purposes … my dad didn’t go to the store by himself after that anymore. Somebody went with him, just to be a witness, or in case something like that was going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it took months before the family relaxed and let down its guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We started living normally again,\" Brenda Avelica said. \"But it was always in the back of our heads. I don't think there was a day that we weren't ... thinking that maybe it could happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's Different Now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant families with members in the U.S illegally are living with similar fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Trump administration signed an executive order in January establishing a policy of strict enforcement against unauthorized immigrants, arrests have made frequent headlines. Some immigrants have \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/20/69948/fearing-immigration-crackdown-some-go-into-hiding/\">gone into hiding\u003c/a> or are preparing \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/03/21/69950/immigrants-prepare-for-a-day-when-another-might-ha/\">for the day ICE agents show up\u003c/a>. Others contemplate or have taken steps to return to their homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all the felt fear and life-changing decisions families are making, this is not the first time that immigration agents have cracked down on those lacking permission to reside in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the George W. Bush administration sent ICE agents to arrest immigrants with outstanding deportation orders. ICE \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-1n18immig211029-immigration-agents-casting-their-n-2009jan18-htmlstory.html\">\"fugitive operations\" teams \u003c/a>were sent to people's homes in the early morning hours. On many occasions, bystanders who were not being sought but were in the country illegally were also arrested. ICE called these \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/ice-fugitive-operations-program\">collateral\u003c/a> arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, the Obama administration deported record numbers of immigrants. In fiscal years 2012 through 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2015/table39\">more than 400,000 deportations\u003c/a> took place each year, according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security statistics. A record 434,015 immigrants were removed from the U.S. in fiscal year 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does the fear seem heightened in the wake of Trump's election?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris Meissner, former commissioner of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service under President Clinton, says enforcement policies have gotten stricter. INS preceded the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [Trump] guidelines say that everybody who is in the country without a legal status is subject to deportation from the country,\" said Meissner, now a senior policy fellow at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/\">Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a> in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Trump executive order rolls back protections initiated in the later Obama years, directing immigration agents to focus on immigrants convicted of serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said while those with criminal records remain priority targets under Trump, agents have more discretion to arrest others deemed deportable, even if their sole charge is living in the country without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still not clear to what extent deportation numbers could change under Trump's executive order. \"We don't really know how much of a difference it will actually make,\" Meissner said. \"It is too soon to tell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does seem likely, she said, is there will be more collateral arrests than occurred in prior administrations, and more arrests of immigrants living in the U.S. illegally who don’t have criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Rumors, Rhetoric and Reality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Such arrests essentially return enforcement to where it stood in the late 2000s. But a decade ago, arrests rarely made the national news. Now, cases of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/09/514299631/after-years-of-uneventful-check-ins-arizona-woman-is-arrested-faces-deportation\">immigrant suddenly deported\u003c/a> or an arrest of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/15/69100/worries-heightened-in-socal-after-arrest-of-daca-r/\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) participant\u003c/a> granted temporary residency can turn into a cause célèbre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Nogales, director of the media watchdog group National Hispanic Media Coalition, has a theory about why this is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is so different now than it was 10 years ago, five years ago? ... [It's] that the talk is out there, day in, day out,\" Nogales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While past administrations carried out tough enforcement, too, they did not engage in the same harsh rhetoric that Trump has employed since \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/2015/06/25/29292957/\">his campaign\u003c/a>. His vow to deport millions of undocumented immigrants appealed to his supporters, and that promise is now making its way into his enforcement policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, when you have that kind of a toxic environment, of course people are going to talk about it. Of course people are going to report on it,\" Nogales said. \"Of course there is going to be a lot more action and activity and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing to the heightened reaction are immigrant advocates who have stepped up their activity in response to Trump's enforcement policies, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some reports of ICE activity that are circulated — not just by advocates but by concerned residents via social media — have turned out to be inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You kind of get this flurry of calls from friends, like, 'I saw on Facebook that there's this checkpoint over here,' \" said Erick Huerta, a Boyle Heights community activist who grew up undocumented in the U.S. and has temporary protection from deportation under DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles said witnesses told them there were \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/08/56716/weekend-immigration-raids-prompting-fear-and-rumor/\">workplace arrests in Chino\u003c/a>. But ICE officials said they made no arrests there on the day cited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE agents did announce the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/10/68963/ice-announce-160-arrests-in-socal-as-part-of-surge/\">arrests in Southern California\u003c/a> of about 160 immigrants in February, describing the \"enforcement surge\" as part of the agency's periodic operations. However, reports at the time of ICE checkpoints and random sweeps were dismissed by David Marin, field office director for enforcement and removal operations in the Los Angeles area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marin called the information \"definitely dangerous and irresponsible because reports like that create a panic, and they put communities and law enforcement at risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Decisions in a Fraught Climate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In this atmosphere, people are basing decisions about their lives on information that may not be true or to their best advantage, said Alejandra Cano, a representative of Mexico's national immigration service, the Instituto Nacional de Migración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano, who works at the Mexican Consulate in Los Angeles, has seen the effects of this superheated climate. She coordinates a program through Mexico's immigration service called \"Somos Mexicanos,\" or Spanish for \"We are Mexican.\" The program assists Mexicans who are returning home, both voluntarily and because of deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said that since January, 77 Southern California families have sought help to move back to Mexico. Most have U.S.-born children, and seven have already left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, she has seen a marked difference in the reasons people give in explaining why they want to leave the U.S..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before ... the reason was because they wanted to retire in Mexico,\" Cano said. \"And now, the people feel afraid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cano said she tries to reason with them. She asks them if they have a criminal record or a deportation order. If they don’t, she tells them there is no cause to rush out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that in the first three months of this year, Mexico has received fewer deportees than in the same period a year ago, when Obama was in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference now is the message that this administration is sending to everybody, and the fear in everybody,\" Cano said. \"That fear is making people take decisions they shouldn’t take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result of the heightened awareness of deportation cases is that those arrested — like Romulo Avelica Gonzalez — are attracting more support than they might have before Trump took office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Avelica was arrested, administrators at his daughter's school quickly spread the word and immigration activists mobilized an effort to stop his deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has worked so far — Avelica is still in detention, but not yet deported. Lawyers are working to keep him in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like now, with the presidency, I feel like immigration is maybe a little bigger now, and maybe it’s talked about more,\" said Avelica's daughter, Brenda. \"So maybe it is getting more attention now than before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Twitter Withdraws Lawsuit After DHS Drops Demands for Alt-Account's Identity",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NwP8rmngKUwtaU3gBHAn6ucxwkQMJIz8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/849851959913971712\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850093177495269377\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850105469494538241\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850097674913292288\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Sues+Homeland+Security+To+Protect+Anonymity+Of+%27Alt+Immigration%27+Account&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Long History of Sanctuary Laws, Debate in San Francisco",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PHOTOS: The Many Possible Shapes of Trump's Border Wall",
"title": "PHOTOS: The Many Possible Shapes of Trump's Border Wall",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time bidding closed Tuesday, there was no lack of companies competing to build the wall President Trump has proposed for the border between the U.S. and Mexico. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BORDER_WALL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-04-04-10-05-14\">by The Associated Press' count\u003c/a>, upwards of 200 organizations had expressed interest in designing and building it for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-requests-proposals-border-wall-prototypes\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their common goal, the companies submitting bids have followed some radically different paths in their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the submissions are walls with solar panels, wire mesh and sloped, slippery surfaces. There are even walls that are no walls at all — statements standing instead as protests of a policy that from the start has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/24/most-americans-continue-to-oppose-u-s-border-wall-doubt-mexico-would-pay-for-it/\">drawn a lot of resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/04/522652528/bids-for-trump-s-border-wall-are-due-today\">As NPR's Richard Gonzales reports\u003c/a>, the CBP plans to announce the finalists for the contract in June, at which point the companies still in the running would be expected to build a prototype roughly 30 feet long and anywhere from18 to 30 feet tall. The AP notes the prototypes are expected to cost about $200,000 to $500,000 each; estimates for the cost of the wall covering the 2,000-mile border, however, range \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602494/bad-math-props-up-trumps-border-wall/\">up to $38 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a glimpse of just a few of the designs vying to stand between the U.S. and Mexico, complete with renderings and explanations of how they could take shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The WireWall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg\" alt='The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Riverdale Mills)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal from \u003ca href=\"https://riverdale.com/\">Riverdale Mills Corporation\u003c/a> employs wire mesh, which is already used along the Mexican border with California and Arizona. Riverdale says the material can be manufactured up to 20 feet tall and installed up to 6 feet below ground, to prevent tunneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The configurations of the wire mesh make it virtually impossible to climb or cut,\" Jane Meehan Lanzillo, director of corporate communications for Riverdale, tells NPR in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Solar Panels\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon. \u003ccite>(Gleason Partners)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I like the wall to be able to pay for itself,\" Thomas Gleason, managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strutchannelfittings.com/About-Us_ep_7.html\">Gleason Partners LLC\u003c/a>, tells the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's proposal sets solar panels on sections of the wall, generating what it says would be approximately 2.0 megawatts of electricity per hour, according to the wire service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Maximum-Security Wire Mesh\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/final-rendering-9b-_custom-bc72a54d44aabccc8d0e1156d34618ce0b7148ba-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Penna Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Composed of high-density steel packed into double wire mesh, the Penna Group's proposed wall takes its cue from maximum security prisons. \"Nearly impossible to climb,\" it would also be built to withstand pick axes, acetylene torches and other handheld weapons, with the first 12 feet of its 30-foot height packed more densely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Evangelista-Ysasaga, CEO of the Penna Group, speaks to the aesthetics of the U.S.-facing side of the wall, telling NPR \"the wire mesh panels will be emblazoned with the Seal of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Security Curtain Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg\" alt=\"Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border.\" width=\"800\" height=\"662\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1020x845.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1180x977.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-960x795.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-240x199.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-375x311.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-520x431.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6.jpg 1547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Diego Project Management)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its face pitched at an angle, the proposed wall put forth by \u003ca href=\"https://sdpmpsc.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx\">San Diego Project Management, PSC\u003c/a>, borrows medieval concepts to give to give guards a better view of possible \"villains\" approaching the wall — and with its walkway toward the top, it gives those guards a place to patrol from a height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surface finish on the south side of the wall is of the same quality as the finish on a smooth floor slab,\" Patrick J. Balcazar, principal and managing partner at SDPM, writes in his proposal. \"Smooth surface on the glacis [sloped] and [vertical] surfaces make climbing harder, and there are no handholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Hadrian's Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/img_1897-48dbfac4be0a1957afb5f260e6e793b1b7819d69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393684\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hadrian Construction Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to avoid: For a man bidding to build a massive wall, Rod Hadrian has a rather serendipitous name. Namesake of the Roman emperor who built the wall that once marked off the northernmost edge of the ancient empire — the wall that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/08/30/344031401/the-wall-that-defined-scotlands-past-and-the-vote-on-its-future\">still stands in ruins\u003c/a> in the U.K. today — Hadrian Construction Company has proposed a wall constructed in prefabricated panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tridipanel.com/\">Its Tridipanel design\u003c/a> makes for something of a zig-zag shape, which he says would create a 30-foot wall that's at once lightweight and strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Adorned With Decoration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(iCON Wall Solution by Single Eagle dba Concrete Contractors Interstate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The border wall should be \"a piece of art,\" Russ Baumgartner, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seicci.com/\">Concrete Contractors Interstate\u003c/a> of San Diego, tells the AP. The wire service says the company's proposal calls for stones and artifacts set in polished concrete, reflecting the areas the wall wends through and rendering both sides \"aesthetically pleasing\" — unlike the CBP's callout, which asks only that the U.S. side be pleasant to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above, you can see a detail of the kind of decorative stones Baumgartner has in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Wall To End All Walls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ground-view-near-hyperloop02-web-03f33002b1140ea02a122aa11f808de83a4ec8ff-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393680\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Otra Nation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is reasonable to conclude that this proposal is not exactly what Trump has in mind for his signature campaign promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We propose a trans-national 'New Deal' to build an innovative shared co-nation based on local economic empowerment, energy independence and revolutionary infrastructure and transit,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/team\">MADE Collective\u003c/a>, a cross-disciplinary team that argues for the creation of what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/background\">the Otra Nation\u003c/a> — a \"regenerative co-nation shared by citizens of both Mexico and the United Stated and co-maintained by respective governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from a boundary between two states, the Otra Nation proposal envisions the construction of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/hyperloop-transit\">hyperloop transit system\u003c/a> and the rights to \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/otra-id\">cross open borders\u003c/a> of the three North American countries without impediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Wall Of Sound\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BSM38HQgSLG/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of at least three protest proposals ginned up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jmeridian.studio/\">J.M. Design Studio\u003c/a> of Pittsburgh, this one calls for \"a semi-continuous wall of nearly 10 million pipe organs.\" The long line of 30-foot organs breaks in regular intervals, offering border-crossers the opportunity to walk straight through — but not before playing a ditty of their choosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Meridian — an artist who says Trump's actual border wall is \"preposterous for so many reasons,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/graphics/trump-mexico-wall-bid-examples/\">according to the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> — also proposes a wall of hammocks and a wall of refugees' gravestones for passersby to \"consider the danger, terror, and horror they must have faced in trying to cross.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+The+Many+Possible+Shapes+Of+Trump%27s+Border+Wall&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The bidding period has closed for the companies hoping to design and deliver the president's signature campaign promise. Here's a glimpse of some proposals, from wire mesh to 30-foot pipe organs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time bidding closed Tuesday, there was no lack of companies competing to build the wall President Trump has proposed for the border between the U.S. and Mexico. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BORDER_WALL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-04-04-10-05-14\">by The Associated Press' count\u003c/a>, upwards of 200 organizations had expressed interest in designing and building it for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-requests-proposals-border-wall-prototypes\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their common goal, the companies submitting bids have followed some radically different paths in their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the submissions are walls with solar panels, wire mesh and sloped, slippery surfaces. There are even walls that are no walls at all — statements standing instead as protests of a policy that from the start has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/24/most-americans-continue-to-oppose-u-s-border-wall-doubt-mexico-would-pay-for-it/\">drawn a lot of resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/04/522652528/bids-for-trump-s-border-wall-are-due-today\">As NPR's Richard Gonzales reports\u003c/a>, the CBP plans to announce the finalists for the contract in June, at which point the companies still in the running would be expected to build a prototype roughly 30 feet long and anywhere from18 to 30 feet tall. The AP notes the prototypes are expected to cost about $200,000 to $500,000 each; estimates for the cost of the wall covering the 2,000-mile border, however, range \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602494/bad-math-props-up-trumps-border-wall/\">up to $38 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a glimpse of just a few of the designs vying to stand between the U.S. and Mexico, complete with renderings and explanations of how they could take shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The WireWall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg\" alt='The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Riverdale Mills)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal from \u003ca href=\"https://riverdale.com/\">Riverdale Mills Corporation\u003c/a> employs wire mesh, which is already used along the Mexican border with California and Arizona. Riverdale says the material can be manufactured up to 20 feet tall and installed up to 6 feet below ground, to prevent tunneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The configurations of the wire mesh make it virtually impossible to climb or cut,\" Jane Meehan Lanzillo, director of corporate communications for Riverdale, tells NPR in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Solar Panels\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon. \u003ccite>(Gleason Partners)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I like the wall to be able to pay for itself,\" Thomas Gleason, managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strutchannelfittings.com/About-Us_ep_7.html\">Gleason Partners LLC\u003c/a>, tells the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's proposal sets solar panels on sections of the wall, generating what it says would be approximately 2.0 megawatts of electricity per hour, according to the wire service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Maximum-Security Wire Mesh\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/final-rendering-9b-_custom-bc72a54d44aabccc8d0e1156d34618ce0b7148ba-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Penna Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Composed of high-density steel packed into double wire mesh, the Penna Group's proposed wall takes its cue from maximum security prisons. \"Nearly impossible to climb,\" it would also be built to withstand pick axes, acetylene torches and other handheld weapons, with the first 12 feet of its 30-foot height packed more densely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Evangelista-Ysasaga, CEO of the Penna Group, speaks to the aesthetics of the U.S.-facing side of the wall, telling NPR \"the wire mesh panels will be emblazoned with the Seal of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Security Curtain Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg\" alt=\"Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border.\" width=\"800\" height=\"662\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1020x845.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1180x977.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-960x795.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-240x199.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-375x311.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-520x431.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6.jpg 1547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Diego Project Management)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its face pitched at an angle, the proposed wall put forth by \u003ca href=\"https://sdpmpsc.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx\">San Diego Project Management, PSC\u003c/a>, borrows medieval concepts to give to give guards a better view of possible \"villains\" approaching the wall — and with its walkway toward the top, it gives those guards a place to patrol from a height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surface finish on the south side of the wall is of the same quality as the finish on a smooth floor slab,\" Patrick J. Balcazar, principal and managing partner at SDPM, writes in his proposal. \"Smooth surface on the glacis [sloped] and [vertical] surfaces make climbing harder, and there are no handholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Hadrian's Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/img_1897-48dbfac4be0a1957afb5f260e6e793b1b7819d69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393684\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hadrian Construction Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to avoid: For a man bidding to build a massive wall, Rod Hadrian has a rather serendipitous name. Namesake of the Roman emperor who built the wall that once marked off the northernmost edge of the ancient empire — the wall that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/08/30/344031401/the-wall-that-defined-scotlands-past-and-the-vote-on-its-future\">still stands in ruins\u003c/a> in the U.K. today — Hadrian Construction Company has proposed a wall constructed in prefabricated panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tridipanel.com/\">Its Tridipanel design\u003c/a> makes for something of a zig-zag shape, which he says would create a 30-foot wall that's at once lightweight and strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Adorned With Decoration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(iCON Wall Solution by Single Eagle dba Concrete Contractors Interstate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The border wall should be \"a piece of art,\" Russ Baumgartner, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seicci.com/\">Concrete Contractors Interstate\u003c/a> of San Diego, tells the AP. The wire service says the company's proposal calls for stones and artifacts set in polished concrete, reflecting the areas the wall wends through and rendering both sides \"aesthetically pleasing\" — unlike the CBP's callout, which asks only that the U.S. side be pleasant to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above, you can see a detail of the kind of decorative stones Baumgartner has in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Wall To End All Walls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ground-view-near-hyperloop02-web-03f33002b1140ea02a122aa11f808de83a4ec8ff-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393680\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Otra Nation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is reasonable to conclude that this proposal is not exactly what Trump has in mind for his signature campaign promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We propose a trans-national 'New Deal' to build an innovative shared co-nation based on local economic empowerment, energy independence and revolutionary infrastructure and transit,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/team\">MADE Collective\u003c/a>, a cross-disciplinary team that argues for the creation of what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/background\">the Otra Nation\u003c/a> — a \"regenerative co-nation shared by citizens of both Mexico and the United Stated and co-maintained by respective governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from a boundary between two states, the Otra Nation proposal envisions the construction of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/hyperloop-transit\">hyperloop transit system\u003c/a> and the rights to \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/otra-id\">cross open borders\u003c/a> of the three North American countries without impediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Wall Of Sound\u003c/h3>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of at least three protest proposals ginned up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jmeridian.studio/\">J.M. Design Studio\u003c/a> of Pittsburgh, this one calls for \"a semi-continuous wall of nearly 10 million pipe organs.\" The long line of 30-foot organs breaks in regular intervals, offering border-crossers the opportunity to walk straight through — but not before playing a ditty of their choosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Meridian — an artist who says Trump's actual border wall is \"preposterous for so many reasons,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/graphics/trump-mexico-wall-bid-examples/\">according to the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> — also proposes a wall of hammocks and a wall of refugees' gravestones for passersby to \"consider the danger, terror, and horror they must have faced in trying to cross.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+The+Many+Possible+Shapes+Of+Trump%27s+Border+Wall&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deported Students Find Challenges at School in Tijuana",
"title": "Deported Students Find Challenges at School in Tijuana",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As President Trump moves to fulfill his campaign promise to deport millions of immigrants who are in the country illegally, they'll most likely include Mexicans whose children were born in the U.S. Over half a million of these kids are already in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers call them \u003cem>los invisibles,\u003c/em> the invisible ones, because they often end up in an educational limbo of sorts. Most don't read or write in Spanish, so they're held back. Many get discouraged and stop going to school. In some cases schools even refuse to enroll them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the border city of Tijuana, however, there's a model program designed to help these children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2397px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the concerns the new students wrote.\" width=\"2397\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg 2397w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2397px) 100vw, 2397px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the concerns the new students wrote. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre Elementary, for example, roughly one-tenth of the school's 700 students were born in the U.S. Administrators and teachers here have embraced kids like Anthony David Martinez, a skinny 9-year-old who recently arrived from Barstow, California. That's where he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony could have stayed in California because he's a U.S. citizen, but his parents are not. They were forced to return to Mexico and didn't want to split up the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391737\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"500\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-375x240.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, 'Oh no, I'm going to have to make new friends, new school, new everything,' \" says Anthony. \"But now I'm happy here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony's fourth-grade teacher says his Spanish is \"a work in progress,\" but he has learned how to read and write in Spanish fairly quickly. It wasn't easy switching from English to Spanish in class or when doing his homework, says Anthony. He's still not used to saying the name of his school in English — 20 November. \"It's kind of weird,\" he chuckles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre, children like Anthony are not segregated or put in some corner of the school. They're paired with native Spanish speakers and they get lots of one-on-one tutoring to build their vocabulary and grammar in Spanish. To keep them from feeling frustrated or isolated, they're allowed to mingle with other English-speaking kids during the day so it's not uncommon to hear English at recess or lunch. There's no stigma to speaking English because it's a highly prized skill in Mexican schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1180x775.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-960x631.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-520x342.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers say this is the model for how schools should treat and teach the half million U.S.-born students who have enrolled throughout Mexico. It has become more urgent because their numbers are growing, says Amparo Lopez, a state coordinator with Baja California's Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This school year alone, she says, more than 12,000 students from all parts of the U.S. enrolled in schools across the state. That's on top of the 58,000 who were already here. Only the border state of Chihuahua has received more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez says the surge began in 2006 with a sharp increase in deportations, followed by even bigger increases during the Obama administration. And it wasn't just because people were being deported. Many Mexican immigrants working illegally in the U.S. returned on their own because they lost their job during the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"700\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, many of these families are struggling in Mexico, and their kids are feeling the stress in school. In Tijuana, school officials have been quick to identify those who need the most help. Recent arrivals are invited to meet with tutors and counselors at the school district's offices at least once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been especially helpful for kids like 13-year-old Julian Sanchez. He's a U.S. citizen born in Los Angeles. His mom and dad had crossed into the U.S. illegally before he was born. They were recently deported and Julian had no choice but to come to Tijuana with them. He does not speak Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know, like, how to read it or write it,\" says Julian. His mother, Araceli Sanchez, says she tries to help him with his schoolwork in Spanish, but he's still struggling to learn the language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11391661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"At least here,\" she says, \"with the help of tutors he's learning more words and proper grammar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counselors say these kids need a lot more than that. Their self-esteem is really low when they arrive. Most are deeply sad about leaving their homes in the U.S., and schools don't always know how to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to 9-year-old Anthony and 20 de Noviembre Elementary in Tijuana. Anthony is thriving because he gets so much academic and emotional support. It's the reason his Spanish has improved so quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's something else about Anthony. He seems to be learning a lot about himself and the world he left behind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was never white when I was in Barstow,\" he says. \"I was always brown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-375x239.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, he adds, \"I see myself more Mexican. I belong in Mexico. This is my home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony isn't sure when he'll return to the U.S., but says he wants to, some day, because it's home, too. He is, after all, a U.S. citizen by birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As President Trump moves to fulfill his campaign promise to deport millions of immigrants who are in the country illegally, they'll most likely include Mexicans whose children were born in the U.S. Over half a million of these kids are already in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers call them \u003cem>los invisibles,\u003c/em> the invisible ones, because they often end up in an educational limbo of sorts. Most don't read or write in Spanish, so they're held back. Many get discouraged and stop going to school. In some cases schools even refuse to enroll them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the border city of Tijuana, however, there's a model program designed to help these children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391663\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2397px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the concerns the new students wrote.\" width=\"2397\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f.jpg 2397w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_001_slide-157fcfbb52cba43d4134ffea95f75f18c4389e6f-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2397px) 100vw, 2397px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the concerns the new students wrote. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre Elementary, for example, roughly one-tenth of the school's 700 students were born in the U.S. Administrators and teachers here have embraced kids like Anthony David Martinez, a skinny 9-year-old who recently arrived from Barstow, California. That's where he was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony could have stayed in California because he's a U.S. citizen, but his parents are not. They were forced to return to Mexico and didn't want to split up the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391737\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"500\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-240x154.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_022_custom-b8c45141f1a8353ed773bde9fdc097827b6ddc54-s500-c85-375x240.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A family waits before a class for new student arrivals to Mexico at the Tijuana Education Department in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, 'Oh no, I'm going to have to make new friends, new school, new everything,' \" says Anthony. \"But now I'm happy here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony's fourth-grade teacher says his Spanish is \"a work in progress,\" but he has learned how to read and write in Spanish fairly quickly. It wasn't easy switching from English to Spanish in class or when doing his homework, says Anthony. He's still not used to saying the name of his school in English — 20 November. \"It's kind of weird,\" he chuckles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 20 de Noviembre, children like Anthony are not segregated or put in some corner of the school. They're paired with native Spanish speakers and they get lots of one-on-one tutoring to build their vocabulary and grammar in Spanish. To keep them from feeling frustrated or isolated, they're allowed to mingle with other English-speaking kids during the day so it's not uncommon to hear English at recess or lunch. There's no stigma to speaking English because it's a highly prized skill in Mexican schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"854\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-800x526.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1020x670.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-1180x775.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-960x631.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_023_custom-82e7beae1fe9a5b81c3229781903c0b7dd785c05-s1300-c85-520x342.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent arrivals sit in class at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers say this is the model for how schools should treat and teach the half million U.S.-born students who have enrolled throughout Mexico. It has become more urgent because their numbers are growing, says Amparo Lopez, a state coordinator with Baja California's Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This school year alone, she says, more than 12,000 students from all parts of the U.S. enrolled in schools across the state. That's on top of the 58,000 who were already here. Only the border state of Chihuahua has received more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez says the surge began in 2006 with a sharp increase in deportations, followed by even bigger increases during the Obama administration. And it wasn't just because people were being deported. Many Mexican immigrants working illegally in the U.S. returned on their own because they lost their job during the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"700\" height=\"459\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_012_custom-e23e026391228f3db9bb58b3cb2c1ee98d2c98c7-s700-c85-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students engage in a class project at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, many of these families are struggling in Mexico, and their kids are feeling the stress in school. In Tijuana, school officials have been quick to identify those who need the most help. Recent arrivals are invited to meet with tutors and counselors at the school district's offices at least once a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been especially helpful for kids like 13-year-old Julian Sanchez. He's a U.S. citizen born in Los Angeles. His mom and dad had crossed into the U.S. illegally before he was born. They were recently deported and Julian had no choice but to come to Tijuana with them. He does not speak Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know, like, how to read it or write it,\" says Julian. His mother, Araceli Sanchez, says she tries to help him with his schoolwork in Spanish, but he's still struggling to learn the language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391661\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11391661\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_026_slide-21b698db0083fe004a32fc4a589d43d7782b5410-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students raise their hands at the Escuela 20 Noviembre school in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"At least here,\" she says, \"with the help of tutors he's learning more words and proper grammar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counselors say these kids need a lot more than that. Their self-esteem is really low when they arrive. Most are deeply sad about leaving their homes in the U.S., and schools don't always know how to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us back to 9-year-old Anthony and 20 de Noviembre Elementary in Tijuana. Anthony is thriving because he gets so much academic and emotional support. It's the reason his Spanish has improved so quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's something else about Anthony. He seems to be learning a lot about himself and the world he left behind in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was never white when I was in Barstow,\" he says. \"I was always brown.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11391735\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11391735\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-375x239.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/mexischool_005_custom-3609b820697e63c1e4dc735e3ec57877d571ff61-s1300-c85-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students play during recess at the Eucario Zavala Secondario 63 school in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, he adds, \"I see myself more Mexican. I belong in Mexico. This is my home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony isn't sure when he'll return to the U.S., but says he wants to, some day, because it's home, too. He is, after all, a U.S. citizen by birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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