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"title": "Chevron Refinery Malfunction During Storm Shut Down Processing Units, Causing Fire and Toxic Flaring",
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"content": "\u003cp>A loss of steam production at Chevron’s Richmond refinery during a major rainstorm on Sunday morning triggered the shutdown of several processing units, leading to a fire at the facility and several days of flaring, the oil giant told regulators this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials say close to 17 tons of sulfur dioxide were released over two days as the facility sent gases to its flares, a safety technique often used by refineries to ease pressure and stabilize operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accident prompted dozens of complaints from nearby residents, and is now being investigated by the regional air district and county public health officials to determine whether the odor led to the closure of several local schools. The incident, along with another malfunction at the PBF Refinery in nearby Martinez, may also temporarily increase the average cost of gasoline in California, according to Patrick De Haan, the head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"John Gioia, Contra Costa County supervisor\"]‘I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents.’[/pullquote]Over the past several years, Chevron’s Richmond facility has conducted the most flaring operations of any Bay Area refinery. The one that started Sunday and continued intermittently into the week lasted longer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents,” Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia said in an interview Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-1024-72hr-report.pdf\">company’s report to the Contra Costa County Hazardous Materials Program\u003c/a> comes after the department revealed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894079/chevron-says-it-failed-to-detect-pipeline-corrosion-that-led-to-bay-fuel-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate report\u003c/a> that its previous inspections had failed to detect corrosion developing on an underwater pipeline, leading to a large fuel spill in the bay in February.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThat disclosure came out a day before Chevron CEO Michael Wirth testified before a U.S. House committee on climate change disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report on this week’s flaring, Chevron emphasized that its testing did not suggest any violation of air quality standards in communities near the refinery. The stationary and mobile air monitors used by county health officials and local air regulators did not detect problems either, according to Gioia, who also sits on the board of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t address the long-term cumulative exposure that communities have with regard to these types of chemical releases,” Gioia said, adding that multiple plumes of gas and smoke erupted from the refinery on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887837/chevron-pbf-sue-air-district-over-new-bay-area-refinery-pollution-rule\">legal battle with Chevron over new pollution rules\u003c/a>, has issued a notice of violation against the company for public nuisance complaints it received about the flaring, said agency spokesperson Ralph Borrmann. The district received 33 air quality complaints about the incident between Sunday and Tuesday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials are also looking into whether a gaseous odor that prompted the closure of Richmond High School, Ford Elementary and the Peres K-8 School on Monday was tied to the flaring operation. An odor drifted into Richmond High again on Thursday, prompting the school to briefly evacuate students and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"chevron\"]Chevron issued an all clear about its flaring event on Wednesday morning, local officials said, but the refinery reported yet another flaring incident that night. The air district is investigating whether Wednesday night’s releases are tied to the problem that started Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery also revealed that a fire was ignited in one of its units that lost steam pressure, and that the blaze was quickly put out. Chevron says it’s investigating why it lost steam production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we always hope to avoid it, intermittent flaring is a possibility during any start-up process,” the company said in a statement. “Since Sunday, Chevron and various regulatory agencies have taken numerous air quality measurements which were all under key detection limits and well below health standard limits in our adjacent neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia says the latest flaring incident has prompted him to explore with air district officials stronger flaring regulations for Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is clear that the existing flare rule, which had been effective for many years, is not effective,” Gioia said, adding that he would push again for state legislation to increase fine amounts for refineries that violate air quality rules, even as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660005/facing-widespread-opposition-lawmaker-ends-effort-to-increase-refinery-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">that effort that has failed in the past\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A loss of steam production at Chevron’s Richmond refinery during a major rainstorm on Sunday morning triggered the shutdown of several processing units, leading to a fire at the facility and several days of flaring, the oil giant told regulators this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials say close to 17 tons of sulfur dioxide were released over two days as the facility sent gases to its flares, a safety technique often used by refineries to ease pressure and stabilize operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accident prompted dozens of complaints from nearby residents, and is now being investigated by the regional air district and county public health officials to determine whether the odor led to the closure of several local schools. The incident, along with another malfunction at the PBF Refinery in nearby Martinez, may also temporarily increase the average cost of gasoline in California, according to Patrick De Haan, the head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Over the past several years, Chevron’s Richmond facility has conducted the most flaring operations of any Bay Area refinery. The one that started Sunday and continued intermittently into the week lasted longer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents,” Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia said in an interview Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-1024-72hr-report.pdf\">company’s report to the Contra Costa County Hazardous Materials Program\u003c/a> comes after the department revealed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894079/chevron-says-it-failed-to-detect-pipeline-corrosion-that-led-to-bay-fuel-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate report\u003c/a> that its previous inspections had failed to detect corrosion developing on an underwater pipeline, leading to a large fuel spill in the bay in February.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThat disclosure came out a day before Chevron CEO Michael Wirth testified before a U.S. House committee on climate change disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report on this week’s flaring, Chevron emphasized that its testing did not suggest any violation of air quality standards in communities near the refinery. The stationary and mobile air monitors used by county health officials and local air regulators did not detect problems either, according to Gioia, who also sits on the board of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t address the long-term cumulative exposure that communities have with regard to these types of chemical releases,” Gioia said, adding that multiple plumes of gas and smoke erupted from the refinery on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887837/chevron-pbf-sue-air-district-over-new-bay-area-refinery-pollution-rule\">legal battle with Chevron over new pollution rules\u003c/a>, has issued a notice of violation against the company for public nuisance complaints it received about the flaring, said agency spokesperson Ralph Borrmann. The district received 33 air quality complaints about the incident between Sunday and Tuesday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials are also looking into whether a gaseous odor that prompted the closure of Richmond High School, Ford Elementary and the Peres K-8 School on Monday was tied to the flaring operation. An odor drifted into Richmond High again on Thursday, prompting the school to briefly evacuate students and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chevron issued an all clear about its flaring event on Wednesday morning, local officials said, but the refinery reported yet another flaring incident that night. The air district is investigating whether Wednesday night’s releases are tied to the problem that started Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery also revealed that a fire was ignited in one of its units that lost steam pressure, and that the blaze was quickly put out. Chevron says it’s investigating why it lost steam production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we always hope to avoid it, intermittent flaring is a possibility during any start-up process,” the company said in a statement. “Since Sunday, Chevron and various regulatory agencies have taken numerous air quality measurements which were all under key detection limits and well below health standard limits in our adjacent neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia says the latest flaring incident has prompted him to explore with air district officials stronger flaring regulations for Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is clear that the existing flare rule, which had been effective for many years, is not effective,” Gioia said, adding that he would push again for state legislation to increase fine amounts for refineries that violate air quality rules, even as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660005/facing-widespread-opposition-lawmaker-ends-effort-to-increase-refinery-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">that effort that has failed in the past\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Chevron says inspections at its Richmond refinery failed to detect corrosion on a pipeline that leaked hundreds of gallons of diesel fuel into the bay last February, a disclosure that one local official says shows the oil company's overall maintenance practices are inadequate to keep the oil-processing facility and the surrounding community safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron briefly discussed the causes of the Feb. 9 leak in \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-0209-30day-followup-2021-1027.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a three-page report\u003c/a> delivered Wednesday to Contra Costa County Health Services' Hazardous Materials Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document confirms previous accounts from state and local agencies that a tiny hole in a pipeline on the refinery's Long Wharf allowed about 800 gallons of diesel fuel mixed with water to spill into the surrounding waters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The spill\u003c/a> spread for several miles along the Richmond shoreline and forced the closure of Keller Beach at the nearby Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill came to light when a member of the public alerted a Chevron worker to the material on the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says a cement-lined carbon steel pipe — a line used intermittently to carry ballast water or refined fuel between tankers docked at the wharf and the refinery complex — failed due to internal corrosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That corrosion developed over time but went undetected, the report says, because maintenance of the pipeline \"did not include inspection techniques that were adequate for detecting localized corrosion in cement-lined pipe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted several other deficiencies in refinery practices as well, including incomplete record-keeping for previous leak incidents. The document also comments that had the pipeline corrosion been discovered earlier, the February incident would not have been so serious.[aside postID=\"news_11887837,news_11891252\" label=\"Related posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines a series of steps Chevron plans to take over the next year to avoid a repeat of the incident. Those measures include reviewing inspection protocols for the affected pipeline, considering new leak detection technology, and further training for employees who work at the wharf facility to improve the response to future incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond City Councilmember Claudia Jimenez said in an interview that the report shows the February spill was preventable and that Chevron is failing in its responsibility to run a safe refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing for me and for many members of the community is the question about how well maintained the infrastructure at Chevron's facility is,\" Jimenez said. \"And what this is showing is that it's not well maintained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez also repeated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891252/8-months-after-chevron-oil-refinery-spill-few-answers-surface-about-cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticism\u003c/a> she and others have recently directed at Chevron for taking so long to disclose what happened on the Long Wharf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that it took so many months for Chevron to release this information is outrageous,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, said Chevron's slow pace in releasing information is an oil industry tactic designed to escape close scrutiny of incidents like the February spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Time and again, we've seen oil companies stall investigations into spills and limit information sharing so that public pressure will subside and everyone will forget about the incident,\" Choksi-Chugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron's Wednesday report was required under Richmond's Industrial Safety Ordinance. The law requires Chevron to pay for a third-party review of the company's incident investigation. That review, in turn, is to go before a panel of local residents, city and county officials and a labor representative from the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Contra Costa Health Services said the county could initiate enforcement action against the company once those reviews are complete.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chevron says inspections at its Richmond refinery failed to detect corrosion on a pipeline that leaked hundreds of gallons of diesel fuel into the bay last February, a disclosure that one local official says shows the oil company's overall maintenance practices are inadequate to keep the oil-processing facility and the surrounding community safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron briefly discussed the causes of the Feb. 9 leak in \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-0209-30day-followup-2021-1027.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a three-page report\u003c/a> delivered Wednesday to Contra Costa County Health Services' Hazardous Materials Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document confirms previous accounts from state and local agencies that a tiny hole in a pipeline on the refinery's Long Wharf allowed about 800 gallons of diesel fuel mixed with water to spill into the surrounding waters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The spill\u003c/a> spread for several miles along the Richmond shoreline and forced the closure of Keller Beach at the nearby Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill came to light when a member of the public alerted a Chevron worker to the material on the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says a cement-lined carbon steel pipe — a line used intermittently to carry ballast water or refined fuel between tankers docked at the wharf and the refinery complex — failed due to internal corrosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That corrosion developed over time but went undetected, the report says, because maintenance of the pipeline \"did not include inspection techniques that were adequate for detecting localized corrosion in cement-lined pipe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted several other deficiencies in refinery practices as well, including incomplete record-keeping for previous leak incidents. The document also comments that had the pipeline corrosion been discovered earlier, the February incident would not have been so serious.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report outlines a series of steps Chevron plans to take over the next year to avoid a repeat of the incident. Those measures include reviewing inspection protocols for the affected pipeline, considering new leak detection technology, and further training for employees who work at the wharf facility to improve the response to future incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond City Councilmember Claudia Jimenez said in an interview that the report shows the February spill was preventable and that Chevron is failing in its responsibility to run a safe refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing for me and for many members of the community is the question about how well maintained the infrastructure at Chevron's facility is,\" Jimenez said. \"And what this is showing is that it's not well maintained.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimenez also repeated \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891252/8-months-after-chevron-oil-refinery-spill-few-answers-surface-about-cause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criticism\u003c/a> she and others have recently directed at Chevron for taking so long to disclose what happened on the Long Wharf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that it took so many months for Chevron to release this information is outrageous,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, said Chevron's slow pace in releasing information is an oil industry tactic designed to escape close scrutiny of incidents like the February spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Time and again, we've seen oil companies stall investigations into spills and limit information sharing so that public pressure will subside and everyone will forget about the incident,\" Choksi-Chugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron's Wednesday report was required under Richmond's Industrial Safety Ordinance. The law requires Chevron to pay for a third-party review of the company's incident investigation. That review, in turn, is to go before a panel of local residents, city and county officials and a labor representative from the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Contra Costa Health Services said the county could initiate enforcement action against the company once those reviews are complete.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11893671\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: we see two National Park Service employees treading water above an \"extreme fire danger\" sign. One says, \"guess we can change the sign now.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1337\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-800x557.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-1020x710.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-160x111.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-1536x1070.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>While the \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreweekendstorm\">deluge over the weekend may have put an end to wildfire season\u003c/a>, ending the drought is going to take a lot more than one atmospheric river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Jan Null, a longtime weather guru, estimates that California will need more than 140% of our normal rainfall to end the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s hoping we get more atmospheric rivers, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/24/1048862514/powerful-storm-brings-heavy-rain-flooding-and-mud-flows-to-northern-california\">bomb cyclones\u003c/a>” or whatever develops as the latest wet, catchy term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I, for one, am breathing a sigh of relief after months of being on hair-trigger fire alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11893671\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: we see two National Park Service employees treading water above an \"extreme fire danger\" sign. One says, \"guess we can change the sign now.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1337\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-800x557.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-1020x710.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-160x111.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/change_102521_final-1536x1070.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>While the \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreweekendstorm\">deluge over the weekend may have put an end to wildfire season\u003c/a>, ending the drought is going to take a lot more than one atmospheric river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Jan Null, a longtime weather guru, estimates that California will need more than 140% of our normal rainfall to end the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s hoping we get more atmospheric rivers, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/24/1048862514/powerful-storm-brings-heavy-rain-flooding-and-mud-flows-to-northern-california\">bomb cyclones\u003c/a>” or whatever develops as the latest wet, catchy term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I, for one, am breathing a sigh of relief after months of being on hair-trigger fire alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "‘A Big Drop in the Bucket’: After Drenching Northern California, Massive Storm Heads South",
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"content": "\u003cp>A massive storm barreled toward Southern California on Monday after flooding highways, toppling trees, cutting power to about 380,000 utility customers and causing rockslides and mudflows in areas burned bare by wildfires across the northern half of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drenching rains and strong winds accompanied the weekend arrival of an atmospheric river — a long plume of Pacific moisture — into the drought-stricken state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainfall records were shattered and heavy snow pounded high elevations of the Sierra Nevada. The National Weather Service issued numerous flash flood warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893625 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348793761-scaled-e1635196592525.jpg\" alt=\"A man wades through water higher than his knees next to two parked cars past their bumpers in water, on a tree-lined street, beyond blurred yellow police tape in the foreground.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1274\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pedestrian walks on a flooded street on Oct. 24, 2021, in Kentfield, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were widespread power outages in Northern California, with Pacific Gas & Electric reporting Sunday evening that about 130,000 customers did not have electricity, though the utility said power had been restored to about 250,000 customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s most interesting about the storm is that we typically tend to get stronger storms into the winter,” said Sean Miller, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service. “This early in the season is anomalous and the moisture was like a firehose in our area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller advised Bay Area residents traveling today in the wake of the massive storm to be cautious and take proactive measures to clean out storm drains and gutters. “Trees have been weakened by wind and water,” he said. “Behind the system, the surf is really high and strong. There will be some big waves for the next few days, and it will take time for the swells to go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding was reported across the San Francisco Bay Area, closing streets in Berkeley, inundating Oakland’s Bay Bridge toll plaza and overflowing rivers in Napa and Sonoma counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893606\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893606 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348762275-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A gray four-door car sits alongside a power line, with a house and trees in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A car sits stranded on a flooded street on Oct. 24, 2021, in San Rafael, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sacramento received 5.4 inches of rain, smashing the all-time one-day rainfall record dating back to 1880, the weather service said. Interstate 80, the major highway through the Sierra to Reno, Nevada, was shut down by heavy snow early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same storm system also slammed Oregon and Washington, causing power outages that affected tens of thousands of people. Two people were killed when a tree fell on a vehicle in the greater Seattle area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s Colusa and Yolo counties, state highways 16 and 20 were shut for several miles because of mudslides, the state Department of Transportation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893624 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348791095-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two people wearing helmets and rain gear use a hand-operated machine attached to the back of a truck (?) while a kid plays in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers cut up a tree that fell across a road on Oct. 24, 2021, in Ross, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>South of San Francisco, evacuation orders were in effect in the Santa Cruz Mountains over concerns that several inches of rain could trigger debris flows in the CZU Lightning Complex Fire burn scar when the storm moved through early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further south, evacuation warnings for parts of western Santa Barbara County were upgraded to evacuation orders in the area burned by this month’s Alisal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893626\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893626 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348806842-800x542.jpg\" alt=\"Six figures in green-yellow reflective rain gear. Two hold hands on the edge of a built berm as four feet of water gush past them onto the sidewalk below, where a third person, backed to the edge of the sidewalk, bends at the knees, holding something in both hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers try to divert water into drains as rain pours down on Oct. 24, 2021, in Marin City, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officials said mountain areas above 9,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada could get 18 inches of snow or more from Sunday until Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have helped contain some of the nation’s largest wildfires this year. But it remains to be seen whether the wet weather will make a dent in the drought that’s plaguing California and the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big drop in the bucket, but at the same time, it’s a big bucket,” said Alison Bridger, chair of the Department of Meteorology and Climate Science at San José State University. “We’re talking about the whole West being dry, and only a part of the West got hit by this storm, certainly in the Northern California foothills and higher areas that drain down into our reservoirs. This is going to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s climate is hotter and drier now, and that means the rain and snow that does fall is more likely to evaporate and less likely to absorb into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 2021 water year, which ended Sept. 30, was the second-driest on record and last year’s was the fifth-driest on record. Some of the state’s most important reservoirs are at record low levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are in the vicinity of a recent burn scar and haven’t already, prepare now for likely debris flows,” the Sacramento weather service tweeted. “If you are told to evacuate by local officials, or you feel threatened, do not hesitate to do so. If it is too late to evacuate, get to higher ground.”[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"atmospheric-river\"]South of San Francisco, evacuation orders were in effect in the Santa Cruz Mountains over concerns that several inches of rain could trigger debris flows in the CZU Lightning Complex Fire burn scar when the storm moves through early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a lot of drought and wildfires in recent years, but we kind of forget about the fact we’ve also seen some conspicuously extreme weather events as well in that same period,” said Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA and The Nature Conservancy. “This is somewhat characteristic of what we expect to see in California’s warming climate, where the overall amount of precipitation may not change tremendously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from KQED’s Spencer Whitney and Natalia Navarro, as well as The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A massive storm barreled toward Southern California on Monday after flooding highways, toppling trees, cutting power to about 380,000 utility customers and causing rockslides and mudflows in areas burned bare by wildfires across the northern half of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drenching rains and strong winds accompanied the weekend arrival of an atmospheric river — a long plume of Pacific moisture — into the drought-stricken state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainfall records were shattered and heavy snow pounded high elevations of the Sierra Nevada. The National Weather Service issued numerous flash flood warnings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893625 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348793761-scaled-e1635196592525.jpg\" alt=\"A man wades through water higher than his knees next to two parked cars past their bumpers in water, on a tree-lined street, beyond blurred yellow police tape in the foreground.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1274\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pedestrian walks on a flooded street on Oct. 24, 2021, in Kentfield, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were widespread power outages in Northern California, with Pacific Gas & Electric reporting Sunday evening that about 130,000 customers did not have electricity, though the utility said power had been restored to about 250,000 customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s most interesting about the storm is that we typically tend to get stronger storms into the winter,” said Sean Miller, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service. “This early in the season is anomalous and the moisture was like a firehose in our area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller advised Bay Area residents traveling today in the wake of the massive storm to be cautious and take proactive measures to clean out storm drains and gutters. “Trees have been weakened by wind and water,” he said. “Behind the system, the surf is really high and strong. There will be some big waves for the next few days, and it will take time for the swells to go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flooding was reported across the San Francisco Bay Area, closing streets in Berkeley, inundating Oakland’s Bay Bridge toll plaza and overflowing rivers in Napa and Sonoma counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893606\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893606 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348762275-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A gray four-door car sits alongside a power line, with a house and trees in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A car sits stranded on a flooded street on Oct. 24, 2021, in San Rafael, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sacramento received 5.4 inches of rain, smashing the all-time one-day rainfall record dating back to 1880, the weather service said. Interstate 80, the major highway through the Sierra to Reno, Nevada, was shut down by heavy snow early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same storm system also slammed Oregon and Washington, causing power outages that affected tens of thousands of people. Two people were killed when a tree fell on a vehicle in the greater Seattle area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s Colusa and Yolo counties, state highways 16 and 20 were shut for several miles because of mudslides, the state Department of Transportation said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893624 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348791095-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Two people wearing helmets and rain gear use a hand-operated machine attached to the back of a truck (?) while a kid plays in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers cut up a tree that fell across a road on Oct. 24, 2021, in Ross, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>South of San Francisco, evacuation orders were in effect in the Santa Cruz Mountains over concerns that several inches of rain could trigger debris flows in the CZU Lightning Complex Fire burn scar when the storm moved through early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further south, evacuation warnings for parts of western Santa Barbara County were upgraded to evacuation orders in the area burned by this month’s Alisal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893626\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893626 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348806842-800x542.jpg\" alt=\"Six figures in green-yellow reflective rain gear. Two hold hands on the edge of a built berm as four feet of water gush past them onto the sidewalk below, where a third person, backed to the edge of the sidewalk, bends at the knees, holding something in both hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers try to divert water into drains as rain pours down on Oct. 24, 2021, in Marin City, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officials said mountain areas above 9,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada could get 18 inches of snow or more from Sunday until Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have helped contain some of the nation’s largest wildfires this year. But it remains to be seen whether the wet weather will make a dent in the drought that’s plaguing California and the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big drop in the bucket, but at the same time, it’s a big bucket,” said Alison Bridger, chair of the Department of Meteorology and Climate Science at San José State University. “We’re talking about the whole West being dry, and only a part of the West got hit by this storm, certainly in the Northern California foothills and higher areas that drain down into our reservoirs. This is going to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s climate is hotter and drier now, and that means the rain and snow that does fall is more likely to evaporate and less likely to absorb into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 2021 water year, which ended Sept. 30, was the second-driest on record and last year’s was the fifth-driest on record. Some of the state’s most important reservoirs are at record low levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are in the vicinity of a recent burn scar and haven’t already, prepare now for likely debris flows,” the Sacramento weather service tweeted. “If you are told to evacuate by local officials, or you feel threatened, do not hesitate to do so. If it is too late to evacuate, get to higher ground.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>South of San Francisco, evacuation orders were in effect in the Santa Cruz Mountains over concerns that several inches of rain could trigger debris flows in the CZU Lightning Complex Fire burn scar when the storm moves through early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a lot of drought and wildfires in recent years, but we kind of forget about the fact we’ve also seen some conspicuously extreme weather events as well in that same period,” said Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA and The Nature Conservancy. “This is somewhat characteristic of what we expect to see in California’s warming climate, where the overall amount of precipitation may not change tremendously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from KQED’s Spencer Whitney and Natalia Navarro, as well as The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "historic-rain-drenches-bay-area-amid-evacuations-and-power-outages",
"title": "'Historic Rain' Drenches Bay Area Amid Evacuations and Power Outages",
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"content": "\u003cp>A powerful storm roared ashore Sunday, flooding highways, toppling trees and causing mudflows in areas burned bare by recent fires as forecasters predict record-breaking rainfall. [aside postID=\"news_11893018\" label=\"Where to sign up for Bay Area emergency weather alerts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drenching rain and strong winds accompanied the arrival of an “atmospheric river” — a long and wide plume of moisture pulled in from the Pacific Ocean that was predicted to move south over the next few days. The National Weather Service’s Sacramento office warned of “potentially historic rain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893594\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893594 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Large tree branch fallen on red parked car on rain-soaked two-way street.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Category 5 atmospheric river is expected to bring anywhere between 2 and 5 inches of rain to many parts of the San Francisco Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County has issued an emergency evacuation order to the CZU Lightning Complex burn area. The evacuation was elevated Sunday morning from a warning to an immediate order due to increasing danger of power outages, debris flows and downed trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heaviest rains are expected later tonight … So if you think you gotta get out, you should get out now,” said David Cosgrave, a spokesperson for Cal Fire. The \u003ca href=\"https://files.constantcontact.com/13ae4c7f701/28bad84c-2aeb-43e4-b07c-c43b6a5b62ad.pdf\">temporary evacuation point\u003c/a> was moved from Half Moon Bay High School to the Ted Adcock Community Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flash flood warnings have also been issued for portions of the LNU Lightning Complex Fires and Glass Fire burn areas in east-central Sonoma County, including Santa Rosa, and in rural central Napa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flash flood watch has been issued for the Russian River in Hopland, and meteorologists say it’s possible Highway 175 could flood this evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens if that rain falls heavy on those locations is the soil can become unstable and then start moving,” said Sean Miller with the National Weather Service Bay Area. He said some wind gusts are clocking in at 70 mph. He’s particularly worried about areas in the North Bay scarred by wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Null with Golden Gate Weather Services said it’s been 19 years since we’ve had a storm this strong. “The classic storm that every meteorologist in the Bay Area should be able to tell you about was back on December 12 in 1995, and that had a perfect score of 10 on the Bay Area storm index,” said Null. “Today is probably going to be about a 9.5 that would tie it as the fifth-highest storm that we have seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null said this storm will effectively end the fire season in Northern California, but the state will still need more than 140% of normal rainfall for the entire season to end the drought. [aside tag=\"weather\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency crews responded to flooded roads and downed trees at several locations, and urged residents to stay at home and use caution if they need to venture out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water levels are on the rise in many of our creeks right now due to the storm,” the Santa Rosa Fire Department posted on social media. The department posted video of the rushing waters of a rain-swollen waterway at Flat Rock Park, at the confluence of Brush and Santa Rosa creeks. The waterbed was mostly dry just a week ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SantaRosaFire/status/1452320221105201163\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please stay away from the edges of these fast-moving waterways,” the department said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service said the rains will continue into the evening and warned motorists to be aware of surroundings and to avoid driving on flooded roads.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1OOuKKLi9sWcd1acJd2ZVA?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"232\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of around 2 p.m. Sunday, more than 130,000 Bay Area households were without power, according to Pacific Gas and Electric. So far, Sonoma County is the hardest hit, with 28,000 customers affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokesperson Megan McFarland said the utility has been preparing for this storm for days and will work on restoring power once it is safe for crews to access the affected areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically when we see a storm like this with heavy rain, high winds, there can be damage to our equipment. We’ll see damage to transformers, we’ll see wires down, we’ll see pole damage. And as soon as the weather clears and it’s safe to do so, our crews are out there,” McFarland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Holly J. McDede, Natalia Navarro, Beth LaBerge and Annelise Finney contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A powerful storm roared ashore Sunday, flooding highways, toppling trees and causing mudflows in areas burned bare by recent fires as forecasters predict record-breaking rainfall. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drenching rain and strong winds accompanied the arrival of an “atmospheric river” — a long and wide plume of moisture pulled in from the Pacific Ocean that was predicted to move south over the next few days. The National Weather Service’s Sacramento office warned of “potentially historic rain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893594\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11893594 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Large tree branch fallen on red parked car on rain-soaked two-way street.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/Image-from-iOS-1.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Category 5 atmospheric river is expected to bring anywhere between 2 and 5 inches of rain to many parts of the San Francisco Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County has issued an emergency evacuation order to the CZU Lightning Complex burn area. The evacuation was elevated Sunday morning from a warning to an immediate order due to increasing danger of power outages, debris flows and downed trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heaviest rains are expected later tonight … So if you think you gotta get out, you should get out now,” said David Cosgrave, a spokesperson for Cal Fire. The \u003ca href=\"https://files.constantcontact.com/13ae4c7f701/28bad84c-2aeb-43e4-b07c-c43b6a5b62ad.pdf\">temporary evacuation point\u003c/a> was moved from Half Moon Bay High School to the Ted Adcock Community Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flash flood warnings have also been issued for portions of the LNU Lightning Complex Fires and Glass Fire burn areas in east-central Sonoma County, including Santa Rosa, and in rural central Napa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A flash flood watch has been issued for the Russian River in Hopland, and meteorologists say it’s possible Highway 175 could flood this evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens if that rain falls heavy on those locations is the soil can become unstable and then start moving,” said Sean Miller with the National Weather Service Bay Area. He said some wind gusts are clocking in at 70 mph. He’s particularly worried about areas in the North Bay scarred by wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Null with Golden Gate Weather Services said it’s been 19 years since we’ve had a storm this strong. “The classic storm that every meteorologist in the Bay Area should be able to tell you about was back on December 12 in 1995, and that had a perfect score of 10 on the Bay Area storm index,” said Null. “Today is probably going to be about a 9.5 that would tie it as the fifth-highest storm that we have seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null said this storm will effectively end the fire season in Northern California, but the state will still need more than 140% of normal rainfall for the entire season to end the drought. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency crews responded to flooded roads and downed trees at several locations, and urged residents to stay at home and use caution if they need to venture out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water levels are on the rise in many of our creeks right now due to the storm,” the Santa Rosa Fire Department posted on social media. The department posted video of the rushing waters of a rain-swollen waterway at Flat Rock Park, at the confluence of Brush and Santa Rosa creeks. The waterbed was mostly dry just a week ago.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Please stay away from the edges of these fast-moving waterways,” the department said on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service said the rains will continue into the evening and warned motorists to be aware of surroundings and to avoid driving on flooded roads.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1OOuKKLi9sWcd1acJd2ZVA?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"232\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of around 2 p.m. Sunday, more than 130,000 Bay Area households were without power, according to Pacific Gas and Electric. So far, Sonoma County is the hardest hit, with 28,000 customers affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E spokesperson Megan McFarland said the utility has been preparing for this storm for days and will work on restoring power once it is safe for crews to access the affected areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Typically when we see a storm like this with heavy rain, high winds, there can be damage to our equipment. We’ll see damage to transformers, we’ll see wires down, we’ll see pole damage. And as soon as the weather clears and it’s safe to do so, our crews are out there,” McFarland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Holly J. McDede, Natalia Navarro, Beth LaBerge and Annelise Finney contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area is bracing for an “atmospheric river” — a massive, fast-moving storm system expected to soak the region this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather event could bring up to seven inches of rain to Sonoma County alone. In response, officials there are lowering the inflatable rubber dam in the Russian River to prevent damage when the water rises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unusual in that this is a large, atmospheric river for this early in the season,” said Barry Dugan, a spokesperson with Sonoma Water. “We normally see them a little bit later. What these atmospheric rivers do is they carry a tremendous amount of moisture into the area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from lowering the dam, Dugan said there isn’t much additional preparation. “We don’t expect that the river is going to reach a flood stage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he doesn’t expect the river to overflow, meteorologists have issued a flash flood watch for areas scarred by wildfires.[aside postID=\"news_11893018\" label=\"Where to sign up for Bay Area emergency weather alerts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community and emergency personnel are putting out the alert for people to prepare for debris flows, and in \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicworks.org/sandbags\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://cmo.smcgov.org/press-release/drivers-urged-slow-down-residents-prepare-winter-weather-bay-area-storm-door-opens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo County\u003c/a> and elsewhere, officials are offering free sandbags to reduce flood damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service for the San Francisco Bay Area issued a high surf advisory through Friday for a portion of the coast and a flash flood watch Sunday for parts of the region, especially in areas burned by last year’s wildfires. Strong winds also are expected Sunday, with gusts of up to 60 mph at the windiest spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service said elevations above 9,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada could get 18 inches of snow or more from Sunday until Monday morning and warned of possible power outages and road closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sccounty/status/1451698885622120450\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Pierre, owner of Mission Ace Hardware and Lumber in Santa Rosa in Sonoma County, said they sold out of tarps this week and expect to do so again in advance of Sunday’s big storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is a feeling of relief that the area could escape wildfire this year, unlike last year when the Glass Fire broke out in late September and destroyed nearly 1,600 homes and other buildings. Customers had been stocking up on generators and power cords to prepare, Pierre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n“People were bracing for that, and it never happened,” he said, “and hopefully, this rain will keep it from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But burn areas remain a concern, as land devoid of vegetation can’t soak up heavy rainfall as quickly, increasing the likelihood of mud or debris slides and flash flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1451658444788756481\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Lowenthal, an assistant fire marshal with the Santa Rosa Fire Department in Sonoma County, said the city is providing free sand and bags for residents who need to control rain runoff. They are also asking residents to clear gutters and on-site storm drains as the city prepares for up to 6 inches of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the volume of water we’re expecting, we want it to go where it needs to go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of western Santa Barbara County were under an evacuation warning Friday night in the area that had been burned by the Alisal Fire. The blaze charred 26.5 square miles and is 97% contained. The fire erupted in the Santa Ynez Mountains during high winds on Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1OOuKKLi9sWcd1acJd2ZVA?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"232\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians rejoiced when rain started falling this week for the first time in any measurable way since spring. NWS Bay Area tweeted that San Francisco International Airport set a record rainfall for Thursday, with 0.44 inches of rain. The old record was 0.13 inches on the same day in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain and snow will continue soaking Central and Northern California before spreading into Southern California on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storms have helped contain some of the nation’s largest wildfires this year. But this week’s storms won’t end drought that’s plaguing California and the western United States. California’s climate is hotter and drier now and that means the rain and snow that does fall is likely to evaporate or absorb into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 2021 water year, which ended Sept. 30, was the second driest on record, and last year’s was the fifth driest on record. Some of the state’s most important reservoirs are at record-low levels. For example, state officials say Lake Mendocino could be dry by next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from KQED’s Holly J. McDede and The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area is bracing for an “atmospheric river” — a massive, fast-moving storm system expected to soak the region this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather event could bring up to seven inches of rain to Sonoma County alone. In response, officials there are lowering the inflatable rubber dam in the Russian River to prevent damage when the water rises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unusual in that this is a large, atmospheric river for this early in the season,” said Barry Dugan, a spokesperson with Sonoma Water. “We normally see them a little bit later. What these atmospheric rivers do is they carry a tremendous amount of moisture into the area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from lowering the dam, Dugan said there isn’t much additional preparation. “We don’t expect that the river is going to reach a flood stage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he doesn’t expect the river to overflow, meteorologists have issued a flash flood watch for areas scarred by wildfires.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community and emergency personnel are putting out the alert for people to prepare for debris flows, and in \u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicworks.org/sandbags\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://cmo.smcgov.org/press-release/drivers-urged-slow-down-residents-prepare-winter-weather-bay-area-storm-door-opens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo County\u003c/a> and elsewhere, officials are offering free sandbags to reduce flood damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service for the San Francisco Bay Area issued a high surf advisory through Friday for a portion of the coast and a flash flood watch Sunday for parts of the region, especially in areas burned by last year’s wildfires. Strong winds also are expected Sunday, with gusts of up to 60 mph at the windiest spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service said elevations above 9,000 feet in the Sierra Nevada could get 18 inches of snow or more from Sunday until Monday morning and warned of possible power outages and road closures.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Mike Pierre, owner of Mission Ace Hardware and Lumber in Santa Rosa in Sonoma County, said they sold out of tarps this week and expect to do so again in advance of Sunday’s big storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is a feeling of relief that the area could escape wildfire this year, unlike last year when the Glass Fire broke out in late September and destroyed nearly 1,600 homes and other buildings. Customers had been stocking up on generators and power cords to prepare, Pierre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“People were bracing for that, and it never happened,” he said, “and hopefully, this rain will keep it from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But burn areas remain a concern, as land devoid of vegetation can’t soak up heavy rainfall as quickly, increasing the likelihood of mud or debris slides and flash flooding.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Paul Lowenthal, an assistant fire marshal with the Santa Rosa Fire Department in Sonoma County, said the city is providing free sand and bags for residents who need to control rain runoff. They are also asking residents to clear gutters and on-site storm drains as the city prepares for up to 6 inches of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the volume of water we’re expecting, we want it to go where it needs to go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of western Santa Barbara County were under an evacuation warning Friday night in the area that had been burned by the Alisal Fire. The blaze charred 26.5 square miles and is 97% contained. The fire erupted in the Santa Ynez Mountains during high winds on Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1OOuKKLi9sWcd1acJd2ZVA?utm_source=generator\" width=\"100%\" height=\"232\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians rejoiced when rain started falling this week for the first time in any measurable way since spring. NWS Bay Area tweeted that San Francisco International Airport set a record rainfall for Thursday, with 0.44 inches of rain. The old record was 0.13 inches on the same day in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain and snow will continue soaking Central and Northern California before spreading into Southern California on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storms have helped contain some of the nation’s largest wildfires this year. But this week’s storms won’t end drought that’s plaguing California and the western United States. California’s climate is hotter and drier now and that means the rain and snow that does fall is likely to evaporate or absorb into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 2021 water year, which ended Sept. 30, was the second driest on record, and last year’s was the fifth driest on record. Some of the state’s most important reservoirs are at record-low levels. For example, state officials say Lake Mendocino could be dry by next summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from KQED’s Holly J. McDede and The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Oakland Hills Fire Transformed Firefighting Along a City's Edge in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Oct. 19, 1991, firefighters responded to a small grass fire in the Oakland hills near the western entrance of the Caldecott Tunnel. By evening, crews thought the fire was under control. But the next day, strong wind gusts of nearly 65 mph reignited the brush, generating a raging firestorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That Sunday, Sue Piper had just dropped her 4-year-old twins off at a birthday party. \"When I came back and I saw the smoke, I said to my 9-year-old, 'You know, I think you should get dressed, don't sit in your pajamas.' I didn't tell her why,\" Piper remembered. \"Meanwhile, it was getting blacker and blacker outside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tunnel Fire, as it's officially known, killed 25 people and destroyed more than 3,000 homes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr158/psw_gtr158_01_ewell.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">charring over 1,500 acres\u003c/a>. The tragic incident revolutionized how the region thinks about firefighting and fire mitigation at the boundary between urban areas and wildland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forest and grasslands near the houses in the East Bay hills \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=23550\">have burned many times before\u003c/a> — often when hot, dry fall winds have blown through the canyon. Canopied by volatile eucalyptus trees and high atop a ridge, the area is primed for fire. [aside postID='news_11892995,forum_2010101886103,news_11624948' label='Remembering the Oakland Hills Fire']And in the blustery fall of 1991, the brush and trees surrounding the houses and other structures in the hills were bone-dry after six years of drought conditions — the perfect recipe for a firestorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>P. Lamont Ewell, Oakland's fire chief at the time, described the harrowing conditions firefighters confronted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>We had fire that was rushing down,\" Ewell told KQED in a 1991 interview. \"Our main concern is to make sure that our personnel are in a position where they can try and cut the fire off, but not trap themselves. So there was very little that can be done during the major head of the fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ewell, the voracious flames spread rapidly in multiple directions while firefighters fought on in spite of their rapidly depleting water supply. The fire had knocked out the pumps that replenish the reservoirs, leaving dozens of firefighters with empty hoses. It took hours before conditions allowed PG&E workers to get close enough to jump-start emergency generators and resupply pressure to water hydrants — a frantic scramble that underscored the neighborhood's precarious infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Rethinking everything about firefighting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath of the blaze, Oakland's fire officials were forced to rethink everything about firefighting tactics and mitigation. Robert Lipp, now the Oakland Fire Department's assistant chief of technical operations, was a 25-year-old entry-level firefighter at the time.[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Sue Piper, Chair of Oakland's Fire Safe Council\"]'Fire knows no jurisdiction. ... I'm at the mercy of the one piece of property that is not up to par.'[/pullquote]He battled the flames as they swept through the overgrown neighborhoods of the Oakland hills, not far from where he lived with his mom. Lipp's friends helped his mom evacuate while he helped battle the blaze. Many of the homes he fought to save were so damaged he could barely recognize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipp says he still remembers how difficult and terrifying it was for residents as they tried to evacuate, driving down narrow, twisting roads while fire engines roared up the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The changes began immediately. Before the last smoldering ember was put out,\" Lipp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland fire officials built two fire stations in the hills and began improving critical infrastructure, including better communication tools, evacuation routes, staff training and equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the department is better prepared now, it's also confronting another major challenge that few had heard of 30 years ago: climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893278\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11893278 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person in a hard hat moves in silhouette of an entirely orange-and-black scene -- nothing is discernible other than flames, and maybe the outline of a car wheel.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Oakland firefighter battles a vibrant orange blaze in one section of the 1991 Oakland hills fire that claimed 25 lives. \u003ccite>(California Office of Emergency Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Preparing to fight fires in a warmer climate\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley fire scientist Scott Stephens says the warming climate and drier conditions make it essential for residents in the East Bay hills to prepare for more fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're just going to have more vulnerability, and fires that are able to spread even faster because of spotting,\" he said, referring to wind-blown embers that ignite new fires far beyond the main blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can remove the hazard on top of these hills, we're going to have a much better chance of communities at the bottom of these hills surviving,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens also says California needs more restrictive building codes and better road access — especially in high-fire danger areas that are full of dry vegetation or highly flammable eucalyptus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11893336 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"Row of trees turned black by the fire on an overlook from the East Bay hills looking out to the bay. \" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-1536x1014.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scorched trees and outlines of home foundations are all that remained on some Oakland hills streets after the 1991 fire. \u003ccite>(California Office of Emergency Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Living with a legacy of fire\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As for Sue Piper, the Oakland hills fire consumed her home and changed the course of her life. In the 30 years since the disaster, she and her husband — who rebuilt their home on the same property — have become emergency preparedness pros, dedicating their lives to keeping as many people as possible out of harm's way. She now serves as chair of Oakland Firesafe Council. [aside postID=news_11759209 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/map-capture-768x432.jpg']At a recent volunteer work party in the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandfiresafecouncil.org/the-new-fire-demonstration-garden-at-gateway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fire Resistant Demonstration Garden\u003c/a> along Highway 24, Piper said much has changed since 1991. Her neighborhood is much safer, but she warned that the houses themselves are fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're probably more fuel than the vegetation around them,\" she said. \"So we're not in a forest. We're in a forest of houses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Piper believes fire-safe landscaping and securing homes can only do so much. She's now pushing for a \"joint authority\" to adopt universal standards for cutting flammable vegetation, which all agencies and landowners in the region would have to adhere to. Only that, she says, can prevent the worst-case scenario: a fire that could consume everything on its way to the waters of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fire knows no jurisdiction,\" she explained. \"This is city property. Caltrans owns that. And that above us is East Bay Regional Park. I'm at the mercy of the one piece of property that is not up to par.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>KQED's Nina Thorsen contributed to this story. Some archival reporting from 1991 also is included in this post. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Oct. 19, 1991, firefighters responded to a small grass fire in the Oakland hills near the western entrance of the Caldecott Tunnel. By evening, crews thought the fire was under control. But the next day, strong wind gusts of nearly 65 mph reignited the brush, generating a raging firestorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That Sunday, Sue Piper had just dropped her 4-year-old twins off at a birthday party. \"When I came back and I saw the smoke, I said to my 9-year-old, 'You know, I think you should get dressed, don't sit in your pajamas.' I didn't tell her why,\" Piper remembered. \"Meanwhile, it was getting blacker and blacker outside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tunnel Fire, as it's officially known, killed 25 people and destroyed more than 3,000 homes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr158/psw_gtr158_01_ewell.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">charring over 1,500 acres\u003c/a>. The tragic incident revolutionized how the region thinks about firefighting and fire mitigation at the boundary between urban areas and wildland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forest and grasslands near the houses in the East Bay hills \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=23550\">have burned many times before\u003c/a> — often when hot, dry fall winds have blown through the canyon. Canopied by volatile eucalyptus trees and high atop a ridge, the area is primed for fire. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And in the blustery fall of 1991, the brush and trees surrounding the houses and other structures in the hills were bone-dry after six years of drought conditions — the perfect recipe for a firestorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>P. Lamont Ewell, Oakland's fire chief at the time, described the harrowing conditions firefighters confronted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>We had fire that was rushing down,\" Ewell told KQED in a 1991 interview. \"Our main concern is to make sure that our personnel are in a position where they can try and cut the fire off, but not trap themselves. So there was very little that can be done during the major head of the fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ewell, the voracious flames spread rapidly in multiple directions while firefighters fought on in spite of their rapidly depleting water supply. The fire had knocked out the pumps that replenish the reservoirs, leaving dozens of firefighters with empty hoses. It took hours before conditions allowed PG&E workers to get close enough to jump-start emergency generators and resupply pressure to water hydrants — a frantic scramble that underscored the neighborhood's precarious infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Rethinking everything about firefighting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath of the blaze, Oakland's fire officials were forced to rethink everything about firefighting tactics and mitigation. Robert Lipp, now the Oakland Fire Department's assistant chief of technical operations, was a 25-year-old entry-level firefighter at the time.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He battled the flames as they swept through the overgrown neighborhoods of the Oakland hills, not far from where he lived with his mom. Lipp's friends helped his mom evacuate while he helped battle the blaze. Many of the homes he fought to save were so damaged he could barely recognize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipp says he still remembers how difficult and terrifying it was for residents as they tried to evacuate, driving down narrow, twisting roads while fire engines roared up the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The changes began immediately. Before the last smoldering ember was put out,\" Lipp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland fire officials built two fire stations in the hills and began improving critical infrastructure, including better communication tools, evacuation routes, staff training and equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the department is better prepared now, it's also confronting another major challenge that few had heard of 30 years ago: climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893278\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11893278 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A person in a hard hat moves in silhouette of an entirely orange-and-black scene -- nothing is discernible other than flames, and maybe the outline of a car wheel.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52108_6217604613_b8e9c51805_o-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Oakland firefighter battles a vibrant orange blaze in one section of the 1991 Oakland hills fire that claimed 25 lives. \u003ccite>(California Office of Emergency Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Preparing to fight fires in a warmer climate\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley fire scientist Scott Stephens says the warming climate and drier conditions make it essential for residents in the East Bay hills to prepare for more fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're just going to have more vulnerability, and fires that are able to spread even faster because of spotting,\" he said, referring to wind-blown embers that ignite new fires far beyond the main blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we can remove the hazard on top of these hills, we're going to have a much better chance of communities at the bottom of these hills surviving,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephens also says California needs more restrictive building codes and better road access — especially in high-fire danger areas that are full of dry vegetation or highly flammable eucalyptus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11893336\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11893336 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"Row of trees turned black by the fire on an overlook from the East Bay hills looking out to the bay. \" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut-1536x1014.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS52107_6218125196_70d4834f9e_o-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scorched trees and outlines of home foundations are all that remained on some Oakland hills streets after the 1991 fire. \u003ccite>(California Office of Emergency Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Living with a legacy of fire\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As for Sue Piper, the Oakland hills fire consumed her home and changed the course of her life. In the 30 years since the disaster, she and her husband — who rebuilt their home on the same property — have become emergency preparedness pros, dedicating their lives to keeping as many people as possible out of harm's way. She now serves as chair of Oakland Firesafe Council. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At a recent volunteer work party in the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandfiresafecouncil.org/the-new-fire-demonstration-garden-at-gateway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fire Resistant Demonstration Garden\u003c/a> along Highway 24, Piper said much has changed since 1991. Her neighborhood is much safer, but she warned that the houses themselves are fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're probably more fuel than the vegetation around them,\" she said. \"So we're not in a forest. We're in a forest of houses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Piper believes fire-safe landscaping and securing homes can only do so much. She's now pushing for a \"joint authority\" to adopt universal standards for cutting flammable vegetation, which all agencies and landowners in the region would have to adhere to. Only that, she says, can prevent the worst-case scenario: a fire that could consume everything on its way to the waters of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fire knows no jurisdiction,\" she explained. \"This is city property. Caltrans owns that. And that above us is East Bay Regional Park. I'm at the mercy of the one piece of property that is not up to par.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>KQED's Nina Thorsen contributed to this story. Some archival reporting from 1991 also is included in this post. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "8 Months After Chevron Oil Refinery Spill, Few Answers Surface About Cause",
"title": "8 Months After Chevron Oil Refinery Spill, Few Answers Surface About Cause",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the eight months since hundreds of gallons of fuel from Chevron's Richmond oil refinery spilled into the bay, local air regulators and the state's workplace safety agency have issued a handful of violation notices against the oil giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But neither Chevron nor the agencies investigating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Feb. 9 incident\u003c/a> has provided details about exactly what caused a pipeline on the refinery's wharf to spill as many as 750 gallons of low-sulfur diesel fuel, creating a sheen that spread for several miles across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Richmond Councilmember Claudia Jimenez\"]'It's taking so long. They haven't even come out with any partial information.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A top Richmond city official and a leading local environmental group say that lack of answers is unacceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's taking so long,\" said Richmond Councilmember Claudia Jimenez. \"They haven't even come out with any partial information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, says the slow pace in getting answers from Chevron is a tactic that the fossil-fuel industry has long used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Time and again, we've seen oil companies stall investigations into spills and limit information sharing so that public pressure will subside and everyone will forget about the incident,\" Choksi-Chugh said. \"Unfortunately for the environment and public health, there's a critical window to learn from mistakes and prevent future oil spills, and sadly that window may be closing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chevron spill led to a health advisory and the closure of a local beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two months later, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District issued a public nuisance notice of violation against the company, which it posted on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_061621_rv_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\">agenda\u003c/a> for its June board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District spokesperson Ralph Borrmann said the agency's investigation into the spill is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) issued a $315 \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=1514445.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citation\u003c/a> against Chevron for failing to \"develop, implement and maintain effective written procedures to ensure the ongoing integrity of process equipment.\" The company has appealed that penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The initial $315 citation is nonsense, just pennies to the multibillion-dollar corporation that doesn't mind paying to pollute,\" Choksi-Chugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the multiple entities looking into the cause of the spill, only the U.S. Coast Guard has completed its investigation. The agency issued a notice of violation to a \"responsible party,\" according to Coast Guard representative Lt. Stephanie Cardenas, who declined to provide more details on the agency's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has filed \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six follow-up reports\u003c/a> with the county's hazardous materials program and none has offered any new insight into the cause of the pipeline break. The \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-0209-30day-followup-2021-0812.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">latest report\u003c/a>, sent Aug. 12, says \"it remains unclear\" when the investigation will be completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Contra Costa County officials said they would hire a contractor to do an independent investigation of the spill. But they changed course months later, deciding to have the contractor review Chevron's probe of the incident along with the investigations conducted by state and federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change did not go over well with Councilmember Jimenez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't need a peer review. We need another set of eyes to give us the conclusions,\" she said. \"It doesn't really seem independent. It doesn't build trust with the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials have said that the best time to do an investigation is immediately after an incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since the process to hire a third-party consultant takes time, a good incident investigation is compromised,\" said Randy Sawyer, the county's deputy director of health services. \"This is why it was decided to review the investigation done by Chevron [to] determine the accuracy of their investigation.\"\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=\"news_11859660,news_11861741,news_11856920\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]In late August, the county signed a $95,000 contract with AcuTech Consulting Group, a company based in Virginia, which has \u003ca href=\"https://acutech-consulting.com/services/case-studies/process-safety-support-for-chevrons-capital-projects/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">worked with Chevron on several projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm could receive the refinery's root-cause analysis soon. Chevron representative Linsi Crain, along with Matt Kaufmann, the head of the county's hazardous materials program, both say the company is finalizing its findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crain says the company's investigation was slowed, in part, by the necessity to get permits to cut the portion of broken pipe before it could be taken out of the water and inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials have said that if there are any gaps or questions that come from reviewing Chevron's findings, the county can still conduct its own investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Office of Spill Prevention and Response is conducting yet another investigation into the spill. The agency is looking into whether the conditions resulting in the spill may have been in violation of state laws, and agency spokesperson Eric Laughlin said once the probe is complete, the findings will be forwarded to the Contra Costa County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leading pipeline safety expert said it's not a surprise the investigations are taking so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pipeline failure investigations routinely take many months before they are completed and released,\" said Rebecca Craven, program director of Pipeline Safety Trust, a Washington state-based nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's always frustrating for the public and for regulators and legislators who want to know if there needs to be changes made in the regulatory structure to prevent a similar incident in the future,\" Craven said. \"The length of time is frustrating, but not unusual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]The spill took place along the Richmond refinery's Long Wharf, which extends 4,000 feet into the bay from the Chevron complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators have said the refinery was alerted to a sheen on the water by a member of the community. According to the agency's \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/incident-reports/2021/chevron-incident-02_09_2021-pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">incident statement\u003c/a>, the fuel was spurting out of a hole in the pipeline and was leaking for as long as 2 1/2 hours before the line was clamped shut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa officials issued a temporary advisory, warning residents with \"respiratory sensitivities\" in Richmond, North Richmond and San Pablo to stay indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA says when the spill was discovered, it immediately issued an order to halt use of the ruptured line until it was repaired. Investigators found a hole the size of a nickel on the line that appeared to be blown outward, according to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA officials say they reviewed Chevron's testing data for all of the so-called \"process lines\" running to and from the refinery to the Richmond Long Wharf terminal. They say the Chevron test results detected no problems on any of those lines, including the one that ruptured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Neither Chevron nor any of the agencies investigating the Feb. 9 incident has provided details about exactly what caused the refinery pipeline to break, spilling as much as 750 gallons of fuel into the bay.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the eight months since hundreds of gallons of fuel from Chevron's Richmond oil refinery spilled into the bay, local air regulators and the state's workplace safety agency have issued a handful of violation notices against the oil giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But neither Chevron nor the agencies investigating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Feb. 9 incident\u003c/a> has provided details about exactly what caused a pipeline on the refinery's wharf to spill as many as 750 gallons of low-sulfur diesel fuel, creating a sheen that spread for several miles across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A top Richmond city official and a leading local environmental group say that lack of answers is unacceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's taking so long,\" said Richmond Councilmember Claudia Jimenez. \"They haven't even come out with any partial information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sejal Choksi-Chugh, executive director of San Francisco Baykeeper, says the slow pace in getting answers from Chevron is a tactic that the fossil-fuel industry has long used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Time and again, we've seen oil companies stall investigations into spills and limit information sharing so that public pressure will subside and everyone will forget about the incident,\" Choksi-Chugh said. \"Unfortunately for the environment and public health, there's a critical window to learn from mistakes and prevent future oil spills, and sadly that window may be closing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chevron spill led to a health advisory and the closure of a local beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two months later, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District issued a public nuisance notice of violation against the company, which it posted on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_061621_rv_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\">agenda\u003c/a> for its June board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District spokesperson Ralph Borrmann said the agency's investigation into the spill is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) issued a $315 \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=1514445.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citation\u003c/a> against Chevron for failing to \"develop, implement and maintain effective written procedures to ensure the ongoing integrity of process equipment.\" The company has appealed that penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The initial $315 citation is nonsense, just pennies to the multibillion-dollar corporation that doesn't mind paying to pollute,\" Choksi-Chugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the multiple entities looking into the cause of the spill, only the U.S. Coast Guard has completed its investigation. The agency issued a notice of violation to a \"responsible party,\" according to Coast Guard representative Lt. Stephanie Cardenas, who declined to provide more details on the agency's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron has filed \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six follow-up reports\u003c/a> with the county's hazardous materials program and none has offered any new insight into the cause of the pipeline break. The \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-0209-30day-followup-2021-0812.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">latest report\u003c/a>, sent Aug. 12, says \"it remains unclear\" when the investigation will be completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Contra Costa County officials said they would hire a contractor to do an independent investigation of the spill. But they changed course months later, deciding to have the contractor review Chevron's probe of the incident along with the investigations conducted by state and federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change did not go over well with Councilmember Jimenez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't need a peer review. We need another set of eyes to give us the conclusions,\" she said. \"It doesn't really seem independent. It doesn't build trust with the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials have said that the best time to do an investigation is immediately after an incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since the process to hire a third-party consultant takes time, a good incident investigation is compromised,\" said Randy Sawyer, the county's deputy director of health services. \"This is why it was decided to review the investigation done by Chevron [to] determine the accuracy of their investigation.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In late August, the county signed a $95,000 contract with AcuTech Consulting Group, a company based in Virginia, which has \u003ca href=\"https://acutech-consulting.com/services/case-studies/process-safety-support-for-chevrons-capital-projects/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">worked with Chevron on several projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm could receive the refinery's root-cause analysis soon. Chevron representative Linsi Crain, along with Matt Kaufmann, the head of the county's hazardous materials program, both say the company is finalizing its findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crain says the company's investigation was slowed, in part, by the necessity to get permits to cut the portion of broken pipe before it could be taken out of the water and inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials have said that if there are any gaps or questions that come from reviewing Chevron's findings, the county can still conduct its own investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Office of Spill Prevention and Response is conducting yet another investigation into the spill. The agency is looking into whether the conditions resulting in the spill may have been in violation of state laws, and agency spokesperson Eric Laughlin said once the probe is complete, the findings will be forwarded to the Contra Costa County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leading pipeline safety expert said it's not a surprise the investigations are taking so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Pipeline failure investigations routinely take many months before they are completed and released,\" said Rebecca Craven, program director of Pipeline Safety Trust, a Washington state-based nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's always frustrating for the public and for regulators and legislators who want to know if there needs to be changes made in the regulatory structure to prevent a similar incident in the future,\" Craven said. \"The length of time is frustrating, but not unusual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The spill took place along the Richmond refinery's Long Wharf, which extends 4,000 feet into the bay from the Chevron complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators have said the refinery was alerted to a sheen on the water by a member of the community. According to the agency's \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/incident-reports/2021/chevron-incident-02_09_2021-pdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">incident statement\u003c/a>, the fuel was spurting out of a hole in the pipeline and was leaking for as long as 2 1/2 hours before the line was clamped shut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa officials issued a temporary advisory, warning residents with \"respiratory sensitivities\" in Richmond, North Richmond and San Pablo to stay indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA says when the spill was discovered, it immediately issued an order to halt use of the ruptured line until it was repaired. Investigators found a hole the size of a nickel on the line that appeared to be blown outward, according to the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA officials say they reviewed Chevron's testing data for all of the so-called \"process lines\" running to and from the refinery to the Richmond Long Wharf terminal. They say the Chevron test results detected no problems on any of those lines, including the one that ruptured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Proposes New Ban on Oil Drilling Near Neighborhoods",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday proposed that the state ban new oil drilling within 3,200 feet of schools, homes and hospitals to protect public health in what would be the nation's largest buffer zone between oil wells and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the latest effort by Newsom's administration to wind down oil production in California, aligning him with environmental advocates pushing to curb the effects of climate change and against the powerful oil industry in the nation's seventh-largest oil-producing state.[aside postID=\"news_11891079\" label=\"Related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that effort is especially necessary to protect vulnerable communities, said Darryl Molina Sarmiento, executive director of Communities for a Better Environment, in a Thursday press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are tired of being treated like sacrifice zones with dangerous health impacts of living next to oil production, including higher rates of asthma and respiratory illness, low birth weights and adverse birth outcomes, heart disease, and more,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show living near a drilling site can elevate risks of birth defects, cancer, respiratory problems and other health issues. Two million Californians live within 3,200 feet of oil-drilling sites, primarily in Los Angeles County and the Central Valley. The proposal would not ban wells already operating in that zone but would add new pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Extracting oil is a dirty business and it's had a real impact on Californians,\" said Jared Blumenfeld, California’s secretary for environmental protection. “Often we frame it as it's about air pollution, it's about climate change. This is really about helping communities and community health near these facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom's administration released \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/public-health/PHRM%20Draft%20Rule.pdf\">a draft of the new rules Thursday morning\u003c/a>, though they could be changed over a 60-day comment period. After then, the state's energy regulator will submit the proposed rule to the Office of Administrative Law to receive additional comments and refine the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would be the first time California has set statewide rules on how close drilling can be to homes, schools and other sites. Other oil- and gas-producing states such as Colorado, Pennsylvania and even Texas have rules about how close oil wells can be to certain properties. Colorado’s 2,000-foot setback on new drilling, adopted last year, is the nation’s strictest rule right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's plan for a 3,200-foot buffer, if adopted, would also go further than the 2,500-foot buffer environmental groups sought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State regulators listened to the scientists, they didn’t shy away from proposing the largest setback requirement in the nation when it became clear that was needed to protect public health,” said Ann Alexander, senior attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It comes in the wake of a massive oil spill that coated Southern California beaches earlier this month when an underwater pipeline burst just off Huntington Beach. Federal investigators are examining whether a container ship snagged the pipeline earlier this year and dragged it on the seabed. The spill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891224/huntington-beach-oil-spill-renews-calls-to-ban-offshore-drilling\">has prompted calls for the federal government to ban offshore drilling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who just survived a recall election, has directed state air regulators to come up with a plan to end oil and gas production in the state by 2045 and curb demand by banning the sale of new gas-powered cars by 2035. But he has faced criticism from environmental groups for not moving more aggressively to protect residents with lower incomes and communities of color from the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Thursday press conference, advocates said Newsom's effort to curb drilling would be a measurable success. Dr. Carol Archie, an obstetrician-gynecologist, said her patients breathe in unhealthy air and suffer ill effects because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to thank the governor for tackling this issue because it is what will save lives — moms, babies,\" she said. \"I want my mothers to live well and live long enough to be grandmothers and great-grandmothers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western States Petroleum Association, an oil and gas interest group, blasted the proposed rules as an “activist assault on California’s way of life, economy and people” in a statement from President Catherine Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reheis-Boyd said the industry doesn't oppose local setbacks but does not approve of a statewide rule. The association was aligned with the influential State Building and Construction Trade Council, a labor union, in opposing statewide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the rules would lead to less reliable energy and higher prices in an industry that employs about 150,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cost of that drilling is too high, said Dr. Cedric \"Jamie\" Rutland, a pulmonary and critical care physician from the American Lung Association, and communities often bear the brunt of the environmental fallout, which can lead to asthma and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These patients ... I take care of on a daily basis. In my practice, I can see the fear in families trying to make sure that their child can take that deep breath,\" Rutland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Geologic Energy Management Division, known as CalGEM, regulates the state’s oil industry and issues permits for new drilling. Newsom changed the agency’s name and directed it to focus more on health and safety when he took office in 2019, specifically telling the division to consider setbacks around oil drilling to protect community health. The rules released Thursday are the result of that process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the rules are finalized, it will be at least another year before they take effect, likely in 2023, said Wade Crowfoot, secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalGEM has long faced criticism that it’s too cozy with the industry it regulates. Crowfoot acknowledged that the regulator needs to better enforce oil companies’ compliance with state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells within 3,200 feet of community sites account for about a third of the state’s oil extraction, Crowfoot said. There are about 32,400 wells in that zone, said Erin Mellon, a Newsom spokesperson. Community sites include homes and apartments, preschools and K-12 schools, day cares, businesses and health care facilities such as hospitals and nursing homes.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Darryl Molina Sarmiento, executive director of Communities for a Better Environment\"]\"We are tired of being treated like sacrifice zones with dangerous health impacts of living next to oil production, including higher rates of asthma and respiratory illness, low birth weights and adverse birth outcomes, heart disease and more.\"[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells within the 3,200-foot zone would not be shut down but would be required to meet a host of new safety requirements, including comprehensive leak detection and response plans, technology that allows for vapor recovery, water sampling and a reduction of nighttime lighting and dust. Those rules are designed to limit health effects such as asthma and pregnancy complications, and cut nuisances like noise pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be legally difficult for the state to shut down those wells, but administration officials said they hope the new rules will be burdensome enough to prompt some drillers to close them. Well operators would be financially responsible for meeting the requirements and have one to two years to do so, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumenfeld said the rules are intended to send a strong signal to existing drillers that “they’re going to have to invest a significant amount of time, money and attention in order to get into compliance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state received more than 40,000 public comments on the draft rules and convened a 15-member panel of public health experts to research the effects of neighborhood oil drilling on health and safety. State officials said they plan to release findings from the health panel Thursday but will not release the full report until the final plan is ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Thursday's press conference, after all the advocates spoke and the complexities and hurdles of the plan were laid out, Newsom boiled down California's energy future into one idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't see oil in our future. We don't,\" Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Marisa Lagos and Joe Fitzgerald Rodriguez and The Associated Press's Kathleen Ronayne contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday proposed that the state ban new oil drilling within 3,200 feet of schools, homes and hospitals to protect public health in what would be the nation's largest buffer zone between oil wells and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the latest effort by Newsom's administration to wind down oil production in California, aligning him with environmental advocates pushing to curb the effects of climate change and against the powerful oil industry in the nation's seventh-largest oil-producing state.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that effort is especially necessary to protect vulnerable communities, said Darryl Molina Sarmiento, executive director of Communities for a Better Environment, in a Thursday press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are tired of being treated like sacrifice zones with dangerous health impacts of living next to oil production, including higher rates of asthma and respiratory illness, low birth weights and adverse birth outcomes, heart disease, and more,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show living near a drilling site can elevate risks of birth defects, cancer, respiratory problems and other health issues. Two million Californians live within 3,200 feet of oil-drilling sites, primarily in Los Angeles County and the Central Valley. The proposal would not ban wells already operating in that zone but would add new pollution controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Extracting oil is a dirty business and it's had a real impact on Californians,\" said Jared Blumenfeld, California’s secretary for environmental protection. “Often we frame it as it's about air pollution, it's about climate change. This is really about helping communities and community health near these facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom's administration released \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/public-health/PHRM%20Draft%20Rule.pdf\">a draft of the new rules Thursday morning\u003c/a>, though they could be changed over a 60-day comment period. After then, the state's energy regulator will submit the proposed rule to the Office of Administrative Law to receive additional comments and refine the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would be the first time California has set statewide rules on how close drilling can be to homes, schools and other sites. Other oil- and gas-producing states such as Colorado, Pennsylvania and even Texas have rules about how close oil wells can be to certain properties. Colorado’s 2,000-foot setback on new drilling, adopted last year, is the nation’s strictest rule right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's plan for a 3,200-foot buffer, if adopted, would also go further than the 2,500-foot buffer environmental groups sought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State regulators listened to the scientists, they didn’t shy away from proposing the largest setback requirement in the nation when it became clear that was needed to protect public health,” said Ann Alexander, senior attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It comes in the wake of a massive oil spill that coated Southern California beaches earlier this month when an underwater pipeline burst just off Huntington Beach. Federal investigators are examining whether a container ship snagged the pipeline earlier this year and dragged it on the seabed. The spill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891224/huntington-beach-oil-spill-renews-calls-to-ban-offshore-drilling\">has prompted calls for the federal government to ban offshore drilling\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who just survived a recall election, has directed state air regulators to come up with a plan to end oil and gas production in the state by 2045 and curb demand by banning the sale of new gas-powered cars by 2035. But he has faced criticism from environmental groups for not moving more aggressively to protect residents with lower incomes and communities of color from the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Thursday press conference, advocates said Newsom's effort to curb drilling would be a measurable success. Dr. Carol Archie, an obstetrician-gynecologist, said her patients breathe in unhealthy air and suffer ill effects because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to thank the governor for tackling this issue because it is what will save lives — moms, babies,\" she said. \"I want my mothers to live well and live long enough to be grandmothers and great-grandmothers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western States Petroleum Association, an oil and gas interest group, blasted the proposed rules as an “activist assault on California’s way of life, economy and people” in a statement from President Catherine Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reheis-Boyd said the industry doesn't oppose local setbacks but does not approve of a statewide rule. The association was aligned with the influential State Building and Construction Trade Council, a labor union, in opposing statewide rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the rules would lead to less reliable energy and higher prices in an industry that employs about 150,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cost of that drilling is too high, said Dr. Cedric \"Jamie\" Rutland, a pulmonary and critical care physician from the American Lung Association, and communities often bear the brunt of the environmental fallout, which can lead to asthma and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These patients ... I take care of on a daily basis. In my practice, I can see the fear in families trying to make sure that their child can take that deep breath,\" Rutland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Geologic Energy Management Division, known as CalGEM, regulates the state’s oil industry and issues permits for new drilling. Newsom changed the agency’s name and directed it to focus more on health and safety when he took office in 2019, specifically telling the division to consider setbacks around oil drilling to protect community health. The rules released Thursday are the result of that process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the rules are finalized, it will be at least another year before they take effect, likely in 2023, said Wade Crowfoot, secretary of the California Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalGEM has long faced criticism that it’s too cozy with the industry it regulates. Crowfoot acknowledged that the regulator needs to better enforce oil companies’ compliance with state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells within 3,200 feet of community sites account for about a third of the state’s oil extraction, Crowfoot said. There are about 32,400 wells in that zone, said Erin Mellon, a Newsom spokesperson. Community sites include homes and apartments, preschools and K-12 schools, day cares, businesses and health care facilities such as hospitals and nursing homes.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells within the 3,200-foot zone would not be shut down but would be required to meet a host of new safety requirements, including comprehensive leak detection and response plans, technology that allows for vapor recovery, water sampling and a reduction of nighttime lighting and dust. Those rules are designed to limit health effects such as asthma and pregnancy complications, and cut nuisances like noise pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be legally difficult for the state to shut down those wells, but administration officials said they hope the new rules will be burdensome enough to prompt some drillers to close them. Well operators would be financially responsible for meeting the requirements and have one to two years to do so, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumenfeld said the rules are intended to send a strong signal to existing drillers that “they’re going to have to invest a significant amount of time, money and attention in order to get into compliance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state received more than 40,000 public comments on the draft rules and convened a 15-member panel of public health experts to research the effects of neighborhood oil drilling on health and safety. State officials said they plan to release findings from the health panel Thursday but will not release the full report until the final plan is ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Thursday's press conference, after all the advocates spoke and the complexities and hurdles of the plan were laid out, Newsom boiled down California's energy future into one idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't see oil in our future. We don't,\" Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a new push to stop further depletion of California’s shrinking aquifers, state regulators are turning to technology once used to count Soviet missile silos during the Cold War: satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joel Kimmelshue, co-founder of Land IQ\"]‘The days of agricultural anonymity are over.’[/pullquote]Historically, California’s farmers could pump as much as they wanted from their wells. But as a consequence of that unrestricted use, the underground water table has sunk by hundreds of feet in some areas, and the state is now trying to stabilize those aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators need to calculate just how much water each farmer is using across California’s vast agricultural lands, and scientists and private companies are now offering a technique that uses images from orbiting satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The days of agricultural anonymity are over,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/joel-kimmelshue\">Joel Kimmelshue\u003c/a>, co-founder of the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/\">Land IQ\u003c/a>, which is helping to hone the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water surveillance got a big boost when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts\">California passed a law in 2014 that aims to protect the state’s aquifers\u003c/a>. It places limits on the amount of water that farmers are allowed to pump.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThere was a big problem: Local officials like Eric Limas weren’t sure how to enforce limits on water use. Limas is general manager of the Lower Tule River and Pixley irrigation districts, in Tulare County, where aquifers are among the most depleted in the entire state. He’s also in charge of a newly established groundwater sustainability agency for that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the first conversations that our groundwater committee tackled,” Limas says. “‘OK, how are we going to do that? Are we going to measure every molecule that’s pumped?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11891401\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer1-1020x679.jpg\"]Limas doesn’t even know exactly how many wells there are in his part of the county. Thousands of them are hidden away in the middle of cornfields and almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers weren’t inclined to help him out, especially in the first years after the law was passed. Limas recalls the initial reaction: “At first it’s like, ‘You’re crazy if you think you’re going to come on my place and … figure out how much I’m pumping. That’s my water.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Limas heard that researchers at California Polytechnic State University had developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.itrc.org/projects/metric.htm\">a way to estimate the amount of water used by agricultural crops from images recorded by NASA-operated satellites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ, meanwhile, was using that same technique — supplemented with stations on the ground — to collect data on field-by-field water use. It sounded like “Star Wars stuff,” Limas recalls. But it also sounded easier and cheaper than getting water meters installed on every well in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique involves several steps. The first is figuring out which crops are growing on each field. The satellite images, which are updated almost every week, contain clues: the shade of green, the spacing of vegetation, the time of year the field turns green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combining these clues, Kimmelshue says, produces a fingerprint of each crop. “We have a fingerprint for walnuts and a fingerprint for alfalfa, tomatoes and all these different crops,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892959 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg\" alt=\"Two maps side-by-side created by LandIQ. Both use a multi-color, grid system to describe different factors present in a small patch of land in the Central Valley: what crops are grown and how much water is being consumed.\" width=\"1342\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Land IQ uses data from a NASA satellite to determine which crops are growing on each field. The map on the left shows one small part of California’s Central Valley. The darkest green areas are almond groves. The map on the right shows “evapotranspiration” (water used by crops or evaporated from soil) in the region during June 2020. Some fields (shown in dark blue) consumed 8 inches of water. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of LandIQ)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 4% of the time, Kimmelshue says, there’s a case of mistaken identity. “We might confuse almonds for peaches,” he says. “But a peach tree and an almond tree have similar water needs” so the estimate of water use still ends up being quite accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each crop, at a particular point in its life cycle, takes up a predictable amount of water and releases it through its leaves, depending on local weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ has set up local monitoring stations to keep track of things like wind speed, heat and humidity, at hundreds of locations. Putting it all together, the company calculates the amount of “evapotranspiration” — the amount of water that the plants are releasing to the air, as well as what’s evaporating from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg\"]That’s different from the amount that farmers are pumping because some irrigation water that’s pumped from the aquifer sinks back into the earth. Because of this, Kimmelshue has convinced officials like Limas that it’s more important to regulate water consumption, in the form of evapotranspiration, rather than water pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now selling that data to more than a dozen groundwater regulatory agencies, including the ones that Eric Limas manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limas and his colleagues can monitor how much water is consumed by every farmer, field by field, and show farmers how that compares with their legal allotment under the new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of guys are going in and looking at their water budgets and saying, ‘Oh, yeah, we don’t have enough water to plant that summer crop,'” Limas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how the process is supposed to work. Farming practices are supposed to change to conserve aquifer water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Climate Coverage' tag='climate']Some officials worry that it won’t go so smoothly when limits on groundwater use get tighter over the next two decades, while others are predicting court battles over whether the satellite-based technique is accurate. Some farmers say that regulators ultimately may shift to using data from water meters that are installed on every well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, the technique is growing more popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, a coalition of scientists, NASA and environmental groups like the Environmental Defense Fund plans to launch a new version of space-based water monitoring. This one is called OpenET (“ET” refers to evapotranspiration). It will estimate water use in agricultural areas across much of the western United States, and make it available on the web for anyone to see.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a new push to stop further depletion of California’s shrinking aquifers, state regulators are turning to technology once used to count Soviet missile silos during the Cold War: satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Historically, California’s farmers could pump as much as they wanted from their wells. But as a consequence of that unrestricted use, the underground water table has sunk by hundreds of feet in some areas, and the state is now trying to stabilize those aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators need to calculate just how much water each farmer is using across California’s vast agricultural lands, and scientists and private companies are now offering a technique that uses images from orbiting satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The days of agricultural anonymity are over,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/joel-kimmelshue\">Joel Kimmelshue\u003c/a>, co-founder of the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/\">Land IQ\u003c/a>, which is helping to hone the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water surveillance got a big boost when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts\">California passed a law in 2014 that aims to protect the state’s aquifers\u003c/a>. It places limits on the amount of water that farmers are allowed to pump.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThere was a big problem: Local officials like Eric Limas weren’t sure how to enforce limits on water use. Limas is general manager of the Lower Tule River and Pixley irrigation districts, in Tulare County, where aquifers are among the most depleted in the entire state. He’s also in charge of a newly established groundwater sustainability agency for that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the first conversations that our groundwater committee tackled,” Limas says. “‘OK, how are we going to do that? Are we going to measure every molecule that’s pumped?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Limas doesn’t even know exactly how many wells there are in his part of the county. Thousands of them are hidden away in the middle of cornfields and almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers weren’t inclined to help him out, especially in the first years after the law was passed. Limas recalls the initial reaction: “At first it’s like, ‘You’re crazy if you think you’re going to come on my place and … figure out how much I’m pumping. That’s my water.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Limas heard that researchers at California Polytechnic State University had developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.itrc.org/projects/metric.htm\">a way to estimate the amount of water used by agricultural crops from images recorded by NASA-operated satellites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ, meanwhile, was using that same technique — supplemented with stations on the ground — to collect data on field-by-field water use. It sounded like “Star Wars stuff,” Limas recalls. But it also sounded easier and cheaper than getting water meters installed on every well in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique involves several steps. The first is figuring out which crops are growing on each field. The satellite images, which are updated almost every week, contain clues: the shade of green, the spacing of vegetation, the time of year the field turns green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combining these clues, Kimmelshue says, produces a fingerprint of each crop. “We have a fingerprint for walnuts and a fingerprint for alfalfa, tomatoes and all these different crops,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892959 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg\" alt=\"Two maps side-by-side created by LandIQ. Both use a multi-color, grid system to describe different factors present in a small patch of land in the Central Valley: what crops are grown and how much water is being consumed.\" width=\"1342\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Land IQ uses data from a NASA satellite to determine which crops are growing on each field. The map on the left shows one small part of California’s Central Valley. The darkest green areas are almond groves. The map on the right shows “evapotranspiration” (water used by crops or evaporated from soil) in the region during June 2020. Some fields (shown in dark blue) consumed 8 inches of water. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of LandIQ)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 4% of the time, Kimmelshue says, there’s a case of mistaken identity. “We might confuse almonds for peaches,” he says. “But a peach tree and an almond tree have similar water needs” so the estimate of water use still ends up being quite accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each crop, at a particular point in its life cycle, takes up a predictable amount of water and releases it through its leaves, depending on local weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ has set up local monitoring stations to keep track of things like wind speed, heat and humidity, at hundreds of locations. Putting it all together, the company calculates the amount of “evapotranspiration” — the amount of water that the plants are releasing to the air, as well as what’s evaporating from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s different from the amount that farmers are pumping because some irrigation water that’s pumped from the aquifer sinks back into the earth. Because of this, Kimmelshue has convinced officials like Limas that it’s more important to regulate water consumption, in the form of evapotranspiration, rather than water pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now selling that data to more than a dozen groundwater regulatory agencies, including the ones that Eric Limas manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limas and his colleagues can monitor how much water is consumed by every farmer, field by field, and show farmers how that compares with their legal allotment under the new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of guys are going in and looking at their water budgets and saying, ‘Oh, yeah, we don’t have enough water to plant that summer crop,'” Limas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how the process is supposed to work. Farming practices are supposed to change to conserve aquifer water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some officials worry that it won’t go so smoothly when limits on groundwater use get tighter over the next two decades, while others are predicting court battles over whether the satellite-based technique is accurate. Some farmers say that regulators ultimately may shift to using data from water meters that are installed on every well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, the technique is growing more popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, a coalition of scientists, NASA and environmental groups like the Environmental Defense Fund plans to launch a new version of space-based water monitoring. This one is called OpenET (“ET” refers to evapotranspiration). It will estimate water use in agricultural areas across much of the western United States, and make it available on the web for anyone to see.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Benicia Considers Proposal for City Hall to Fact-Check Political Ads During Elections",
"title": "Benicia Considers Proposal for City Hall to Fact-Check Political Ads During Elections",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Benicia lawmakers are considering a proposal that could eventually require the city to fact-check political campaign advertisements — a novel response to alleged election misinformation that could face legal scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance comes after a political action committee funded by Valero, the oil giant that runs a refinery in town, tried to influence voters in the last two city council elections. The company's involvement in city politics also came as the Valero plant experienced two of the region's worst refinery accidents in the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/1094721/Staff_Report_-_Consider_Updates_to_Campaign_Ordinances.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordinance\u003c/a> was co-authored by Mayor Steve Young, whom the Valero PAC opposed in the last election. He said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/vertical/sites/%7BF991A639-AAED-4E1A-9735-86EA195E2C8D%7D/uploads/Working_Families_for_a_Strong_Benicia_496_7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">committee\u003c/a> put out ads that manipulated photos of him and distorted his record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11843632\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Young said, the city should consider whether its campaign regulations \"can be amended to prohibit digital or voice manipulation of images and whether any lying can be prohibited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PAC, dubbed Working Families for a Strong Benicia, raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for the 2018 and 2020 city council elections. Both votes revived debate between some city officials and environmentalists on one side, who want more regulations on the refinery, and oil executives and unionized refinery workers on the other, who say they fear the city's real motivation is to shut the plant down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704576/valero-backed-candidates-win-benicia-city-council-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two candidates backed by the PAC\u003c/a>, which is also funded by several labor organizations allied with the refinery, won seats on the Benicia City Council. Another candidate, an environmentalist who was opposed by the committee, lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Young won the mayor's race \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843632/valero-funded-pac-pours-more-than-250000-into-benicia-mayors-race\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">despite the PAC's opposition\u003c/a> to his candidacy. The ads said that he was against affordable housing and that he didn't need a job because he receives a pension from previous local government work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said he does want cheaper housing and there's nothing wrong with receiving a pension. He said Valero's opposition to him began in 2016, when the Benicia Planning Commission, which Young was a member of, voted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2016/02/12/benicia-commissioners-deny-valeros-crude-by-rail-application/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reject the company's crude-by-rail proposal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Steve Young wants to turn Benicia into a place where young families can't afford to live and work,\" one flier stated. \"Who would vote against kids playing at the ballpark? Steve Young did,\" another one said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young and the proposal's co-author, Councilmember Tom Campbell, said the ads mean the city should do a better job of making sure future elections are fair and honest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica Levinson, Loyola Marymount University professor\"]'We know the First Amendment does in fact protect lies. I think this is absolutely open to a legal challenge the second they pass it, if they do.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But turning the government into a fact-checking body would be ripe for a legal challenge, according to Jessica Levinson, a Loyola Marymount University professor specializing in election law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know the First Amendment does in fact protect lies,\" Levinson said in an interview. \"I think this is absolutely open to a legal challenge the second they pass it, if they do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who decides what's an embellishment, what's misleading, what's just an omission versus what's actually a lie?\" Levinson asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2016 election and the beginning of Donald Trump's presidency, misinformation has become one of the biggest issues in American politics, said Levinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are tackling a situation where there are more lies and there's more technology that allows us to lie than for sure the framers every dreamed of,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the local news industry, which traditionally acts like a fact-checking body, has been decimated. Benicia gets some news coverage but is often overshadowed by larger Bay Area cities like San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica Levinson, Loyola Marymount University professor\"]'One of the things that keeps me up at night is not just misinformation and disinformation and the fact that people believe it, but the fact that we have a dwindling press corps and particularly in smaller jurisdictions.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things that keeps me up at night is not just misinformation and disinformation and the fact that people believe it, but the fact that we have a dwindling press corps and particularly in smaller jurisdictions,\" Levinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details over how the city would fact-check political ads has yet to be worked out. The proposal, set to go before the city council on Tuesday, would forward the issue to Benicia's Open Government Commission, a body that would consider changing the city's election campaign regulations. The commission would work on new rules and forward them to the city council next April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero fought with the city's last mayor, Elizabeth Patterson, after she called for more regulations to be placed on the refinery following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11681218/cpuc-probe-says-pge-mistakes-led-to-benicia-refinery-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">May 2017 power outage\u003c/a> that led to a major release of toxic sulfur dioxide and prompted emergency shelter-in-place orders. Less than two years later, the plant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of malfunctions\u003c/a> that led to another significant pollution release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Kaune, the PAC's treasurer and head of political law at Nielsen Merksamer, a Sacramento-based lobbying firm, declined to comment. Representatives for Valero and unions that supported the committee did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The ordinance comes after a political action committee funded by Valero, the oil giant that runs a refinery in town, tried to influence voters in the last two city council elections. But turning the government into a fact-checking body would be ripe for a legal challenge, according to an elections expert.",
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"subhead": "Benicia's mayor says a Valero PAC lied in the last election.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Benicia lawmakers are considering a proposal that could eventually require the city to fact-check political campaign advertisements — a novel response to alleged election misinformation that could face legal scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance comes after a political action committee funded by Valero, the oil giant that runs a refinery in town, tried to influence voters in the last two city council elections. The company's involvement in city politics also came as the Valero plant experienced two of the region's worst refinery accidents in the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://legistarweb-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/attachment/pdf/1094721/Staff_Report_-_Consider_Updates_to_Campaign_Ordinances.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordinance\u003c/a> was co-authored by Mayor Steve Young, whom the Valero PAC opposed in the last election. He said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/vertical/sites/%7BF991A639-AAED-4E1A-9735-86EA195E2C8D%7D/uploads/Working_Families_for_a_Strong_Benicia_496_7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">committee\u003c/a> put out ads that manipulated photos of him and distorted his record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Young said, the city should consider whether its campaign regulations \"can be amended to prohibit digital or voice manipulation of images and whether any lying can be prohibited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PAC, dubbed Working Families for a Strong Benicia, raised hundreds of thousands of dollars for the 2018 and 2020 city council elections. Both votes revived debate between some city officials and environmentalists on one side, who want more regulations on the refinery, and oil executives and unionized refinery workers on the other, who say they fear the city's real motivation is to shut the plant down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704576/valero-backed-candidates-win-benicia-city-council-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two candidates backed by the PAC\u003c/a>, which is also funded by several labor organizations allied with the refinery, won seats on the Benicia City Council. Another candidate, an environmentalist who was opposed by the committee, lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Young won the mayor's race \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11843632/valero-funded-pac-pours-more-than-250000-into-benicia-mayors-race\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">despite the PAC's opposition\u003c/a> to his candidacy. The ads said that he was against affordable housing and that he didn't need a job because he receives a pension from previous local government work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said he does want cheaper housing and there's nothing wrong with receiving a pension. He said Valero's opposition to him began in 2016, when the Benicia Planning Commission, which Young was a member of, voted to \u003ca href=\"https://www.marinij.com/2016/02/12/benicia-commissioners-deny-valeros-crude-by-rail-application/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reject the company's crude-by-rail proposal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Steve Young wants to turn Benicia into a place where young families can't afford to live and work,\" one flier stated. \"Who would vote against kids playing at the ballpark? Steve Young did,\" another one said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young and the proposal's co-author, Councilmember Tom Campbell, said the ads mean the city should do a better job of making sure future elections are fair and honest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'We know the First Amendment does in fact protect lies. I think this is absolutely open to a legal challenge the second they pass it, if they do.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But turning the government into a fact-checking body would be ripe for a legal challenge, according to Jessica Levinson, a Loyola Marymount University professor specializing in election law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know the First Amendment does in fact protect lies,\" Levinson said in an interview. \"I think this is absolutely open to a legal challenge the second they pass it, if they do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who decides what's an embellishment, what's misleading, what's just an omission versus what's actually a lie?\" Levinson asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2016 election and the beginning of Donald Trump's presidency, misinformation has become one of the biggest issues in American politics, said Levinson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are tackling a situation where there are more lies and there's more technology that allows us to lie than for sure the framers every dreamed of,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the local news industry, which traditionally acts like a fact-checking body, has been decimated. Benicia gets some news coverage but is often overshadowed by larger Bay Area cities like San Francisco and Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things that keeps me up at night is not just misinformation and disinformation and the fact that people believe it, but the fact that we have a dwindling press corps and particularly in smaller jurisdictions,\" Levinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details over how the city would fact-check political ads has yet to be worked out. The proposal, set to go before the city council on Tuesday, would forward the issue to Benicia's Open Government Commission, a body that would consider changing the city's election campaign regulations. The commission would work on new rules and forward them to the city council next April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero fought with the city's last mayor, Elizabeth Patterson, after she called for more regulations to be placed on the refinery following a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11681218/cpuc-probe-says-pge-mistakes-led-to-benicia-refinery-outage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">May 2017 power outage\u003c/a> that led to a major release of toxic sulfur dioxide and prompted emergency shelter-in-place orders. Less than two years later, the plant had \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of malfunctions\u003c/a> that led to another significant pollution release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Kaune, the PAC's treasurer and head of political law at Nielsen Merksamer, a Sacramento-based lobbying firm, declined to comment. Representatives for Valero and unions that supported the committee did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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