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"disqusTitle": "From Dixie to Caldor, Firefighters Grapple With Severe Physical and Mental Fatigue",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lighter winds and cooler temperatures gave firefighters battling the Caldor Fire \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886590/despite-containment-gains-caldor-fire-continues-march-toward-tahoe-basin\">a slight advantage on Thursday\u003c/a>. But the work of containing massive, weeks-long blazes like the Caldor and the even more massive and longer-burning Dixie Fire is backbreaking \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> and it can seem endless for fire crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since we got here, our first time actually sleeping was yesterday,\" said Micah Conant, a firefighter with the Tahoe Douglas Fire Department whose crew was working the Caldor Fire near South Lake Tahoe on Wednesday. Conant's crew started working the fire on Sunday. \"We did take a couple of, like, 30-minute naps in our vehicles if we had the time to do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ryan Homer, firefighter with the Tahoe-Douglas Fire Dept.\"]'It's a big mental game. You kind of just got to stay positive in your head and just push through and know that there's going to be an end eventually.'[/pullquote]Mopping up after a fire might sound like the easy part. The flames have passed and the pressure is off \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> at least it was for a short time Wednesday when Conant and the rest of his crew were bent over, pushing axes and their hands through the dirt to check for hot spots a few miles down a winding road from Pioneer Trail, where crews were cutting lines between the fire and South Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sleep deprivation doesn’t get to firefighters like Conant much \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> he’s 20 years old. Hand crews are a young person’s game. At 36, Jonathan Sanchez is the veteran on the crew \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> and he has advice for his younger crew members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Keep yourself hydrated, well-rested and have ... healthy meals. Or just eat constantly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RaquelMDillon/status/1433451482091827200?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crew previously worked the nearby Tamarack Fire, burning in Alpine County, for weeks. Other crews worked the monstrous Dixie Fire before coming to the Caldor. It’s been a grueling season, fighting record-breaking fires in historically dry conditions. Never before in state history had a fire crossed the crest of the Sierra Nevada \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> now the Dixie and Caldor fires both have done it in the span of a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since igniting on Aug. 14, the Caldor Fire has leapt numerous containment lines. Some of them took Sanchez and Conant's crew all day to cut. Crew member Ryan Homer said it's demoralizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a big mental game,\" Homer said. \"You kind of just got to stay positive in your head and just push through and know that there's going to be an end eventually. It's terrible to see structures lost always and, you know, those winds almost never cooperate the way we want them to. But we just keep pushing and just do our job, try to focus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few miles away up twisty mountain roads, Art Avila was leading a crew of 20 for Calderon Forest Services on Wednesday. They work 21 days in a row, and then drive nine hours back to Boise, Idaho. His youngest firefighter is 18, so sometimes it feels like coaching a sports team \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> he has to keep their spirits up, even when the fire is winning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going over the line every day, every night,\" Avila said. \"It's burning structures. We had thought we had it contained, but it jumped the line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='caldor-fire']Battalion chiefs and captains get nervous when the firefighting is so relentless and when crews hop from one fire to the next without enough rest. That’s when mistakes and injuries happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether you've been here for the duration of this incident or you came from another fire ... fatigue can and will set in,\" Cal Fire safety officer Jamal Cook told crews in a Wednesday morning briefing on the Caldor Fire. \"We all know we still have a long grind ahead of us and we can't stress enough how important it is to pace yourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avila gives regular pep talks and watches his firefighters closely, looking for signs of exhaustion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s very hard labor. If there is any fatigue, we'll set them aside and get him some rest or whatever he needs,\" Avila said. \"You know, we don't run them. We don't run our guys down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longtime firefighters say this year feels different. The fires seem unstoppable with the usual methods, because the vegetation is so dry and ready to burn. That means they count each structure they can save as a small victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dean Cordrey, a bulldozer operator working the Caldor Fire near South Lake Tahoe, would like to think he played a role in saving some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I sleep out on the line. Sometimes I go get a hotel room. Sometimes I find a safe place to sleep, set out a sleeping bag, go to sleep,\" he said. \"I can conk right out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, the hardest part is being away from his wife and his ranch in the Carmel Valley. But he’s proud to help save people’s homes. He hopes someone would do the same for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's David Marks contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lighter winds and cooler temperatures gave firefighters battling the Caldor Fire \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886590/despite-containment-gains-caldor-fire-continues-march-toward-tahoe-basin\">a slight advantage on Thursday\u003c/a>. But the work of containing massive, weeks-long blazes like the Caldor and the even more massive and longer-burning Dixie Fire is backbreaking \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> and it can seem endless for fire crews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since we got here, our first time actually sleeping was yesterday,\" said Micah Conant, a firefighter with the Tahoe Douglas Fire Department whose crew was working the Caldor Fire near South Lake Tahoe on Wednesday. Conant's crew started working the fire on Sunday. \"We did take a couple of, like, 30-minute naps in our vehicles if we had the time to do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mopping up after a fire might sound like the easy part. The flames have passed and the pressure is off \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> at least it was for a short time Wednesday when Conant and the rest of his crew were bent over, pushing axes and their hands through the dirt to check for hot spots a few miles down a winding road from Pioneer Trail, where crews were cutting lines between the fire and South Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sleep deprivation doesn’t get to firefighters like Conant much \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> he’s 20 years old. Hand crews are a young person’s game. At 36, Jonathan Sanchez is the veteran on the crew \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> and he has advice for his younger crew members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Keep yourself hydrated, well-rested and have ... healthy meals. Or just eat constantly.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The crew previously worked the nearby Tamarack Fire, burning in Alpine County, for weeks. Other crews worked the monstrous Dixie Fire before coming to the Caldor. It’s been a grueling season, fighting record-breaking fires in historically dry conditions. Never before in state history had a fire crossed the crest of the Sierra Nevada \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> now the Dixie and Caldor fires both have done it in the span of a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since igniting on Aug. 14, the Caldor Fire has leapt numerous containment lines. Some of them took Sanchez and Conant's crew all day to cut. Crew member Ryan Homer said it's demoralizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a big mental game,\" Homer said. \"You kind of just got to stay positive in your head and just push through and know that there's going to be an end eventually. It's terrible to see structures lost always and, you know, those winds almost never cooperate the way we want them to. But we just keep pushing and just do our job, try to focus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few miles away up twisty mountain roads, Art Avila was leading a crew of 20 for Calderon Forest Services on Wednesday. They work 21 days in a row, and then drive nine hours back to Boise, Idaho. His youngest firefighter is 18, so sometimes it feels like coaching a sports team \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">—\u003c/span> he has to keep their spirits up, even when the fire is winning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's going over the line every day, every night,\" Avila said. \"It's burning structures. We had thought we had it contained, but it jumped the line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Battalion chiefs and captains get nervous when the firefighting is so relentless and when crews hop from one fire to the next without enough rest. That’s when mistakes and injuries happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether you've been here for the duration of this incident or you came from another fire ... fatigue can and will set in,\" Cal Fire safety officer Jamal Cook told crews in a Wednesday morning briefing on the Caldor Fire. \"We all know we still have a long grind ahead of us and we can't stress enough how important it is to pace yourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avila gives regular pep talks and watches his firefighters closely, looking for signs of exhaustion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s very hard labor. If there is any fatigue, we'll set them aside and get him some rest or whatever he needs,\" Avila said. \"You know, we don't run them. We don't run our guys down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The longtime firefighters say this year feels different. The fires seem unstoppable with the usual methods, because the vegetation is so dry and ready to burn. That means they count each structure they can save as a small victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dean Cordrey, a bulldozer operator working the Caldor Fire near South Lake Tahoe, would like to think he played a role in saving some of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I sleep out on the line. Sometimes I go get a hotel room. Sometimes I find a safe place to sleep, set out a sleeping bag, go to sleep,\" he said. \"I can conk right out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, the hardest part is being away from his wife and his ranch in the Carmel Valley. But he’s proud to help save people’s homes. He hopes someone would do the same for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's David Marks contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "12-important-things-to-know-about-californias-drought",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought. Gov. Gavin Newsom has asked residents to voluntarily cut water use by 15% across the state to try to shore up our reserves in case of another dry winter. In the meantime, fires are raging around California as bone-dry forests go up like tinderboxes. How did we get here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975970/climate-scientists-meet-as-dangerous-fires-floods-and-droughts-test-the-world\">As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives\u003c/a>, it’s time to take stock of what we know about our state’s frequent hot, dry periods so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious just finished up \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">a six-part State of Drought series examining the issues\u003c/a>. Here’s what we learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are experiencing megadrought conditions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Californians are no strangers to droughts, but we tend to think of them as limited periods of abnormal dryness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While “drought” refers to one season or one year’s conditions, climate scientists use the term “megadrought” when arid conditions last for decades. A megadrought might be punctuated by a wet year here or there, but overall the conditions are dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the southwest, it’s been overall drier since the late 1990s. So we’re talking about a 20-year dry period here now,” said Richard Seager, a climate scientist at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, “and using the term megadrought is justifiable because it stacks up in terms of the severity and the length with the ones that we’ve inferred from tree ring data back in the medieval period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a study published in the journal Science described how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962273/megadrought-conditions-not-seen-for-400-years-have-returned-to-the-west-scientists-say\">tree rings allowed researchers to conclude that the last time the West experienced sustained arid conditions over decades was a 28-year dry spell\u003c/a> that ended in the year 1603.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at California, eight other states and Northern Mexico and corroborates what scientists have long feared and warned policymakers: Extreme warming will exacerbate any dry spell, making it longer, more severe and more widespread, and this will bake states in the Western U.S. and areas of Mexico with a punishingly long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California was developed during an abnormally wet time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 20th century saw California grow to become the most populous state in the nation, says Scott Stine, professor emeritus of geography and environmental studies at Cal State East Bay, and that coincided with an especially wet century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built this phenomenal infrastructure, second to none in the world, here in California and in other parts of the West,” he said, “all of it based on the diversion of water and all of it based on the assumption that the 20th century was normal. And the 20th century is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We’re feeling the drought more because we use a lot of water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887455 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg\" alt=\"Water sprays across a field with blue mountains looming behind and puffy clouds overhead.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sprinklers water crops in the Tulelake Irrigation District with water from the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say a megadrought was in the cards for California and the West because of climate cycles, but our large population and dependence on agriculture make the dryness feel more painful. Forty million people living and working in the state, along with so many of the country’s fruits, vegetables and nuts being grown here, mean water levels going into this megadrought may be lower than they were in previous eras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of the present day and the coming droughts is that we are set up to need far more water than we should expect at any time in the coming decades and centuries, particularly with the higher temperatures,” Stine said. “We’ve created a monster that we have to continue to feed with water, and the water is just not going to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California has enough water, but we have to conserve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The idea of prolonged drought is a scary one, but water management \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886317/how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript\">experts say we will have enough water if we conserve what we have, using every drop wisely\u003c/a>. That’s going to take sacrifice from all Californians, whether they live in cities or farm in the state’s rural areas. All of us are guilty of wastefulness when it comes to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of inefficiencies in our current system that can be fixed,” says Newsha Ajami, director of urban water policy at Stanford University. “We definitely can do a lot more just to make sure we use every drop of water properly. And if we do all the right things, we can survive. But if we don’t, we can actually have a serious breakdown in the system. So we have to be able to adapt to this new reality, which means that we have to rethink how we’re using the water in different ways and reduce waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We need to change how we manage our reservoirs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887458 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of a lake. The dam is visible and a dry shoreline peeks out above the water.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Shasta Dam and Reservoir in 1976, with low water levels due to drought. Shasta Dam is located about nine miles northwest of Redding on the Sacramento River. \u003ccite>(U.S. Bureau of Reclamation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s water infrastructure was designed under the assumption that about 30% of our water would naturally be stored in the form of snow in the mountains. Each spring, as the snow melts, it flows into the streams and rivers and is collected in reservoirs and lakes for use during drier periods. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1431369/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have\">But that infrastructure is increasingly ill-suited to our weather patterns, due to climate change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, water was let out of the reservoir whether or not storms were in the forecast to make room for rainwater. That’s because dams both collect water in reservoirs and protect downstream communities from flooding. Increasingly, California’s rainy season is more concentrated and its dry season prolonged, a result of climate change. The state now relies on big, soaking atmospheric rivers for much of its precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975549/russian-river-drought-sonoma-and-mendocino-residents-save-the-little-water-they-have\">Several reservoirs around the state, including Lake Mendocino, are piloting what’s called Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations\u003c/a>. Basically, water managers are waiting to let water out of the reservoirs until they see a big storm coming. That way they can preserve every drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There are some big things agriculture can do to manage water better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Agriculture uses 40% of the state’s water, urban areas use 10% and 50% goes back into the environment to support natural ecosystems. Because the farming industry’s water footprint is so large, it’s going to have to cut usage to survive a megadrought, according to Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis. That’s because some irrigated land is much more productive than other land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have a tremendous amount of reduction in irrigated acreage,” he said. “If you take it out of the less productive crops on the least productive land, you’re going to have much less of an economic impact than if you took it out of almonds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says farmers make 90% of their revenue from the crops grown on only 50% of the land. That means we can cut back on irrigating that other half — where we grow the lower-value crops that use a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re probably going to see on the order of 20% of the irrigated agriculture go out of production in order to keep water for other, more productive economic purposes,” Lund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might mean growing fewer of some crops California has become known for: processed tomatoes, vegetables, melons, onions and garlic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We have to manage our groundwater better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We often talk about farmers pumping groundwater, but many urban areas rely on groundwater as well. In the Bay Area, Santa Clara County — and its biggest city, San José — depend on groundwater for a portion of its drinking water. It’s important to protect our groundwater from pollution and to replenish the aquifers during wet years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes are coming to how the state manages its groundwater. Farmers have long used groundwater stored in underground aquifers during dry years when they receive less water from reservoirs. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976429/with-a-deepening-drought-california-has-few-protections-for-depleted-groundwater\">some land in the Central Valley is sinking because of overpumping\u003c/a>. That’s one reason the state legislature passed a law seven years ago intended to restore balance to the state’s aquifers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1955916/times-up-on-groundwater-plans-one-of-the-most-important-new-california-water-laws-in-50-years-explained\">The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act requires water districts to limit the water they pump.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If users in a water district pump a lot of water during dry years to water their crops, they’ll have to refrain from growing some crops during wet years to allow the aquifers to refill with rainwater. This new way to manage groundwater will likely have farmers change what they grow over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How we use water in our homes matters, too\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite a larger population, Californians statewide are using 16% less water than during the last drought, which ended in 2017. That’s because some of the water conservation habits that took off then have stuck around. Low-flow appliances like toilets, dishwashers, washing machines and showerheads are making a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887053/three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home\">more ways urban water users can conserve\u003c/a>. One is to install gray water systems that reuse water from activities like laundry or showering for outdoor watering. Many cities and water agencies offer rebates to help cover the costs of such conversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, since half of all urban water use goes to landscaping, homeowners can see big water savings by converting their yards to drought-tolerant landscaping that features native plants adapted to our region’s climate patterns. As a bonus, native plants provide habitat for helpful butterflies and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Maybe it’s time to rethink our lawns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11887461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A yard of dried grass sits next door to a lawn of green grass on July 21, 2021, in the Cambrian neighborhood of San Jose, where water restrictions limit the length of watering and the timing. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lawns should be banned,” said Newsha Ajami of Stanford. “Every drop of water that’s used to maintain that lawn can be a drop of water that we can leave in the reservoir if this drought ends up being a 10-year drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lush lawns require consistent, deep watering to stay nice. Water experts say it’s time to accept the climate we live in and landscape our yards accordingly. Basically: This isn’t the East Coast, people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have lawns at the parks, places that the public as a whole can benefit from,” says Ajami. “But if you have a personal lawn that you use once a week, during the weekend, then that’s wrong. You shouldn’t have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local water agencies are considering ways to boost supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887265/what-can-local-water-agencies-do-to-boost-water-supply-transcript\">mission of our local water agencies\u003c/a> is to provide customers with safe, affordable water. As we continue to experience dry weather, that’s getting harder in some areas. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">Sonoma, Marin and Santa Clara counties are in tough spots right now.\u003c/a> That’s led water managers and community members to wonder about bigger solutions to ensure a resilient supply of water long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/desalination\">One idea that comes up often is desalination.\u003c/a> With the ocean so close, it’s tempting to think that pumping water out and stripping it of salt would be an easy way to ensure we always have water. But desalination is controversial for several reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s energy intensive and expensive: Desalination plants cost a lot to build and run. And by some estimates, the water they produce costs consumers twice as much. That’s led water agency leaders to think twice about investing in desalination plants that must be run all the time, even in wet years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\">Desalination might make more sense when a community’s water is brackish\u003c/a>, but not as salty as ocean water. That’s the case in Antioch and Newark where desalination plants are part of the local mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason many experts don’t think desalination should be our go-to fix is it can harm sea life. The briny byproduct of desalination is twice as salty as ocean water and often dumped back into the sea. Many marine species cannot survive in water with such high salinity. And, sucking in millions of gallons of ocean water means the small organisms that form the building blocks of the food chain are removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/57789/toilet-to-tap\">Recycling our wastewater to potable standards would be a less expensive way to boost our supply.\u003c/a> It’s still more expensive than conserving, but many experts think we’ll see more of it in the future. Other dry parts of the world already do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are disconnected from the complicated system that brings us our water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No matter where you live in California, you are benefiting from a massive, complex infrastructure that moves water from water-rich areas of the state to dryer areas, both for agricultural purposes and to sustain urban centers and industry. Very few places in California naturally have enough water to sustain their activities and population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this complex system acts in the background, and many of us go about our lives using water without thought. We turn on the tap and the water flows. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">We don’t often think about how far our water has traveled to reach us.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it even more complex, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/24520/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought\">California has a long history of water rights that means some people have better access to water than others\u003c/a>. We now have a complicated water market, where people with better water rights can sell their water to junior rights holders and get rich in the process. Several Bay Area water districts depend on buying water to ensure they can meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If everyone knew where their water came from, and the tentativeness of the supply, it could help with conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The environment is suffering\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887463 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg\" alt=\"Two people and a tree are backlit by the bright orange flare of a wildfire.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters battle flames from the Thomas Fire as they advance on homes atop Shepard Mesa Road in Carpinteria on Dec. 10, 2017. \u003ccite>(Santa Barbara County Fire Department via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Our State of Drought series focused on how humans can survive on more limited water supplies in a hotter, drier, more variable future. But humans use only half of the state’s water. The other half goes (theoretically) to the environment, to sustain wildlife and ecosystems crucial to California’s identity as a state. But our environment is suffering under climate change, ecosystem mismanagement and too many claims on limited water. Here are just some of the things our natural world grapples with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta looks nothing like the vibrant marshland of the past, but it’s still the largest freshwater estuary on the West Coast. It’s also California’s most crucial water source, supplying two-thirds of the state’s cities and millions of acres of farmland with drinking and irrigation water. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975761/a-delta-in-distress\">the human engineering that harnessed the delta’s bounty for cities and farms has contributed to its current fragility and challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drought has taken a toll on our forests, too. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">Prolonged dry periods have dried out the trees and soil\u003c/a>, weakening their defenses against fire. Bone-dry forests are prone to hotter and more destructive wildfires.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Scientists aren’t yet sure of the long-term impacts on the environment of smoke and ash from wildfires. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887060/how-the-caldor-fire-could-pollute-lake-tahoes-iconic-blue-waters\">they do know the Caldor Fire that is burning near Lake Tahoe will likely affect the lake’s renowned clear waters\u003c/a> for years to come.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11882491/warming-rivers-killing-juvenile-salmon-in-california-imperiling-fish-industry\">Poor water conditions and increasing heat threaten to destroy salmon populations.\u003c/a> Blistering heat waves and extended drought in the western U.S. are raising water temperatures and imperiling fish from Idaho to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">Listen to all six episodes of our State of Drought series on Spotify.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives, it's time to take stock of what we know about drought so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent access to water.",
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"title": "12 Important Things to Know About California's Drought | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought. Gov. Gavin Newsom has asked residents to voluntarily cut water use by 15% across the state to try to shore up our reserves in case of another dry winter. In the meantime, fires are raging around California as bone-dry forests go up like tinderboxes. How did we get here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975970/climate-scientists-meet-as-dangerous-fires-floods-and-droughts-test-the-world\">As climate change scrambles weather patterns and adds more variability to our lives\u003c/a>, it’s time to take stock of what we know about our state’s frequent hot, dry periods so that we can begin planning for a future with less consistent water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious just finished up \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">a six-part State of Drought series examining the issues\u003c/a>. Here’s what we learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are experiencing megadrought conditions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Californians are no strangers to droughts, but we tend to think of them as limited periods of abnormal dryness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While “drought” refers to one season or one year’s conditions, climate scientists use the term “megadrought” when arid conditions last for decades. A megadrought might be punctuated by a wet year here or there, but overall the conditions are dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the southwest, it’s been overall drier since the late 1990s. So we’re talking about a 20-year dry period here now,” said Richard Seager, a climate scientist at the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, “and using the term megadrought is justifiable because it stacks up in terms of the severity and the length with the ones that we’ve inferred from tree ring data back in the medieval period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a study published in the journal Science described how \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962273/megadrought-conditions-not-seen-for-400-years-have-returned-to-the-west-scientists-say\">tree rings allowed researchers to conclude that the last time the West experienced sustained arid conditions over decades was a 28-year dry spell\u003c/a> that ended in the year 1603.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study looked at California, eight other states and Northern Mexico and corroborates what scientists have long feared and warned policymakers: Extreme warming will exacerbate any dry spell, making it longer, more severe and more widespread, and this will bake states in the Western U.S. and areas of Mexico with a punishingly long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California was developed during an abnormally wet time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 20th century saw California grow to become the most populous state in the nation, says Scott Stine, professor emeritus of geography and environmental studies at Cal State East Bay, and that coincided with an especially wet century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built this phenomenal infrastructure, second to none in the world, here in California and in other parts of the West,” he said, “all of it based on the diversion of water and all of it based on the assumption that the 20th century was normal. And the 20th century is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We’re feeling the drought more because we use a lot of water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887455\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887455 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg\" alt=\"Water sprays across a field with blue mountains looming behind and puffy clouds overhead.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Irrigation-Klamath-river-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sprinklers water crops in the Tulelake Irrigation District with water from the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say a megadrought was in the cards for California and the West because of climate cycles, but our large population and dependence on agriculture make the dryness feel more painful. Forty million people living and working in the state, along with so many of the country’s fruits, vegetables and nuts being grown here, mean water levels going into this megadrought may be lower than they were in previous eras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of the present day and the coming droughts is that we are set up to need far more water than we should expect at any time in the coming decades and centuries, particularly with the higher temperatures,” Stine said. “We’ve created a monster that we have to continue to feed with water, and the water is just not going to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California has enough water, but we have to conserve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The idea of prolonged drought is a scary one, but water management \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886317/how-should-we-be-thinking-about-a-hotter-drier-future-transcript\">experts say we will have enough water if we conserve what we have, using every drop wisely\u003c/a>. That’s going to take sacrifice from all Californians, whether they live in cities or farm in the state’s rural areas. All of us are guilty of wastefulness when it comes to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of inefficiencies in our current system that can be fixed,” says Newsha Ajami, director of urban water policy at Stanford University. “We definitely can do a lot more just to make sure we use every drop of water properly. And if we do all the right things, we can survive. But if we don’t, we can actually have a serious breakdown in the system. So we have to be able to adapt to this new reality, which means that we have to rethink how we’re using the water in different ways and reduce waste.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We need to change how we manage our reservoirs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887458\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887458 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of a lake. The dam is visible and a dry shoreline peeks out above the water.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/shasta-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Shasta Dam and Reservoir in 1976, with low water levels due to drought. Shasta Dam is located about nine miles northwest of Redding on the Sacramento River. \u003ccite>(U.S. Bureau of Reclamation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s water infrastructure was designed under the assumption that about 30% of our water would naturally be stored in the form of snow in the mountains. Each spring, as the snow melts, it flows into the streams and rivers and is collected in reservoirs and lakes for use during drier periods. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1431369/californias-water-system-built-for-a-climate-we-no-longer-have\">But that infrastructure is increasingly ill-suited to our weather patterns, due to climate change.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, water was let out of the reservoir whether or not storms were in the forecast to make room for rainwater. That’s because dams both collect water in reservoirs and protect downstream communities from flooding. Increasingly, California’s rainy season is more concentrated and its dry season prolonged, a result of climate change. The state now relies on big, soaking atmospheric rivers for much of its precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975549/russian-river-drought-sonoma-and-mendocino-residents-save-the-little-water-they-have\">Several reservoirs around the state, including Lake Mendocino, are piloting what’s called Forecast-Informed Reservoir Operations\u003c/a>. Basically, water managers are waiting to let water out of the reservoirs until they see a big storm coming. That way they can preserve every drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There are some big things agriculture can do to manage water better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Agriculture uses 40% of the state’s water, urban areas use 10% and 50% goes back into the environment to support natural ecosystems. Because the farming industry’s water footprint is so large, it’s going to have to cut usage to survive a megadrought, according to Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis. That’s because some irrigated land is much more productive than other land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have a tremendous amount of reduction in irrigated acreage,” he said. “If you take it out of the less productive crops on the least productive land, you’re going to have much less of an economic impact than if you took it out of almonds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says farmers make 90% of their revenue from the crops grown on only 50% of the land. That means we can cut back on irrigating that other half — where we grow the lower-value crops that use a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re probably going to see on the order of 20% of the irrigated agriculture go out of production in order to keep water for other, more productive economic purposes,” Lund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might mean growing fewer of some crops California has become known for: processed tomatoes, vegetables, melons, onions and garlic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We have to manage our groundwater better\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>We often talk about farmers pumping groundwater, but many urban areas rely on groundwater as well. In the Bay Area, Santa Clara County — and its biggest city, San José — depend on groundwater for a portion of its drinking water. It’s important to protect our groundwater from pollution and to replenish the aquifers during wet years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes are coming to how the state manages its groundwater. Farmers have long used groundwater stored in underground aquifers during dry years when they receive less water from reservoirs. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976429/with-a-deepening-drought-california-has-few-protections-for-depleted-groundwater\">some land in the Central Valley is sinking because of overpumping\u003c/a>. That’s one reason the state legislature passed a law seven years ago intended to restore balance to the state’s aquifers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1955916/times-up-on-groundwater-plans-one-of-the-most-important-new-california-water-laws-in-50-years-explained\">The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act requires water districts to limit the water they pump.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If users in a water district pump a lot of water during dry years to water their crops, they’ll have to refrain from growing some crops during wet years to allow the aquifers to refill with rainwater. This new way to manage groundwater will likely have farmers change what they grow over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How we use water in our homes matters, too\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite a larger population, Californians statewide are using 16% less water than during the last drought, which ended in 2017. That’s because some of the water conservation habits that took off then have stuck around. Low-flow appliances like toilets, dishwashers, washing machines and showerheads are making a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887053/three-big-ways-to-save-water-at-home\">more ways urban water users can conserve\u003c/a>. One is to install gray water systems that reuse water from activities like laundry or showering for outdoor watering. Many cities and water agencies offer rebates to help cover the costs of such conversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, since half of all urban water use goes to landscaping, homeowners can see big water savings by converting their yards to drought-tolerant landscaping that features native plants adapted to our region’s climate patterns. As a bonus, native plants provide habitat for helpful butterflies and insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Maybe it’s time to rethink our lawns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11887461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/rethink-lawns-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A yard of dried grass sits next door to a lawn of green grass on July 21, 2021, in the Cambrian neighborhood of San Jose, where water restrictions limit the length of watering and the timing. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lawns should be banned,” said Newsha Ajami of Stanford. “Every drop of water that’s used to maintain that lawn can be a drop of water that we can leave in the reservoir if this drought ends up being a 10-year drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lush lawns require consistent, deep watering to stay nice. Water experts say it’s time to accept the climate we live in and landscape our yards accordingly. Basically: This isn’t the East Coast, people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can have lawns at the parks, places that the public as a whole can benefit from,” says Ajami. “But if you have a personal lawn that you use once a week, during the weekend, then that’s wrong. You shouldn’t have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Local water agencies are considering ways to boost supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887265/what-can-local-water-agencies-do-to-boost-water-supply-transcript\">mission of our local water agencies\u003c/a> is to provide customers with safe, affordable water. As we continue to experience dry weather, that’s getting harder in some areas. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">Sonoma, Marin and Santa Clara counties are in tough spots right now.\u003c/a> That’s led water managers and community members to wonder about bigger solutions to ensure a resilient supply of water long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/desalination\">One idea that comes up often is desalination.\u003c/a> With the ocean so close, it’s tempting to think that pumping water out and stripping it of salt would be an easy way to ensure we always have water. But desalination is controversial for several reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it’s energy intensive and expensive: Desalination plants cost a lot to build and run. And by some estimates, the water they produce costs consumers twice as much. That’s led water agency leaders to think twice about investing in desalination plants that must be run all the time, even in wet years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\">Desalination might make more sense when a community’s water is brackish\u003c/a>, but not as salty as ocean water. That’s the case in Antioch and Newark where desalination plants are part of the local mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason many experts don’t think desalination should be our go-to fix is it can harm sea life. The briny byproduct of desalination is twice as salty as ocean water and often dumped back into the sea. Many marine species cannot survive in water with such high salinity. And, sucking in millions of gallons of ocean water means the small organisms that form the building blocks of the food chain are removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/57789/toilet-to-tap\">Recycling our wastewater to potable standards would be a less expensive way to boost our supply.\u003c/a> It’s still more expensive than conserving, but many experts think we’ll see more of it in the future. Other dry parts of the world already do this.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>We are disconnected from the complicated system that brings us our water\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No matter where you live in California, you are benefiting from a massive, complex infrastructure that moves water from water-rich areas of the state to dryer areas, both for agricultural purposes and to sustain urban centers and industry. Very few places in California naturally have enough water to sustain their activities and population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this complex system acts in the background, and many of us go about our lives using water without thought. We turn on the tap and the water flows. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11886536/bay-area-do-you-know-where-your-water-comes-from-2\">We don’t often think about how far our water has traveled to reach us.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make it even more complex, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/24520/how-californias-water-rights-make-it-tough-to-manage-drought\">California has a long history of water rights that means some people have better access to water than others\u003c/a>. We now have a complicated water market, where people with better water rights can sell their water to junior rights holders and get rich in the process. Several Bay Area water districts depend on buying water to ensure they can meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If everyone knew where their water came from, and the tentativeness of the supply, it could help with conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The environment is suffering\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887463 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg\" alt=\"Two people and a tree are backlit by the bright orange flare of a wildfire.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/wildfire-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters battle flames from the Thomas Fire as they advance on homes atop Shepard Mesa Road in Carpinteria on Dec. 10, 2017. \u003ccite>(Santa Barbara County Fire Department via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Our State of Drought series focused on how humans can survive on more limited water supplies in a hotter, drier, more variable future. But humans use only half of the state’s water. The other half goes (theoretically) to the environment, to sustain wildlife and ecosystems crucial to California’s identity as a state. But our environment is suffering under climate change, ecosystem mismanagement and too many claims on limited water. Here are just some of the things our natural world grapples with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta looks nothing like the vibrant marshland of the past, but it’s still the largest freshwater estuary on the West Coast. It’s also California’s most crucial water source, supplying two-thirds of the state’s cities and millions of acres of farmland with drinking and irrigation water. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1975761/a-delta-in-distress\">the human engineering that harnessed the delta’s bounty for cities and farms has contributed to its current fragility and challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drought has taken a toll on our forests, too. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">Prolonged dry periods have dried out the trees and soil\u003c/a>, weakening their defenses against fire. Bone-dry forests are prone to hotter and more destructive wildfires.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Scientists aren’t yet sure of the long-term impacts on the environment of smoke and ash from wildfires. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887060/how-the-caldor-fire-could-pollute-lake-tahoes-iconic-blue-waters\">they do know the Caldor Fire that is burning near Lake Tahoe will likely affect the lake’s renowned clear waters\u003c/a> for years to come.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11882491/warming-rivers-killing-juvenile-salmon-in-california-imperiling-fish-industry\">Poor water conditions and increasing heat threaten to destroy salmon populations.\u003c/a> Blistering heat waves and extended drought in the western U.S. are raising water temperatures and imperiling fish from Idaho to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Smoke and ash from wildfires near Lake Tahoe — one of the deepest lakes in the world — are already clouding the lake’s famously clear water, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the long-term effects are unclear, ash and soot are now coating the surface of the High Sierra lake and veiling the sun, which can disrupt the lake’s ecosystem and its clarity. More debris and sediment are likely to wash into the lake from runoff and rain this fall and winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to turn the lake green or anything like that, in my opinion. But certainly the clarity of the lake, how deep you can see in the lake, could be affected for several years,” said \u003ca href=\"http://dahlgrenlab.lawr.ucdavis.edu/\">Randy Dahlgren\u003c/a>, professor emeritus of soils and biogeochemistry at the University of California, Davis. “It all depends on Mother Nature.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nResearchers are now trying to figure out what the residue and flames from the Caldor Fire, which crossed a granite ridge and spread into the Lake Tahoe basin on Monday, could mean for the iconic cobalt-blue lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11886903\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS51240_GettyImages-1337303910-qut-1020x674.jpg\"]“We’ve never had a fire of this extent before … This one is off the charts,” said \u003ca href=\"https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/gschladow/\">Geoffrey Schladow\u003c/a>, director of the University of California, Davis’s Tahoe Environmental Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research center’s tests of the lake already show that its clarity declined in recent days, although Schladow said it may be temporary. The changes could be caused by a combination of factors: smoke preventing sunlight from penetrating the lake’s depths, ash muddying its water or more algae growing near its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally around this time of year, we would expect to see down maybe 65 feet. Right now we’re seeing down maybe 50 feet,” Schladow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/7139900/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The legacy of decades of pollution\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past half-century, the alpine lake has lost 40% of its clarity, largely due to runoff \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/lake-tahoe/about-lake-tahoe\">containing particles and plant-feeding nitrogen and phosphorus\u003c/a>. In recent years, its clarity — a sign of its improving health — \u003ca href=\"https://54a7e7ef-dc62-4dfa-8d5b-4f352ad0804a.filesusr.com/ugd/c115bf_d78a014f264f43778c80e071598dfe2e.pdf\">has begun to stabilize\u003c/a> as state and local officials in California and Nevada took steps to protect the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The degree of damage to Lake Tahoe will depend on the degree of devastation to the forest and buildings around it. It also will depend on the months ahead: Severe rain following a fire forces more sediment and nutrients into the runoff and ultimately the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Geoffrey Schladow, Tahoe Environmental Research Center at University of California, Davis\"]‘You could not hear another boat on the lake. That’s sort of unheard of in the middle of the day at Lake Tahoe in August.’[/pullquote]For fine particles, nutrients and toxic chemicals, “most deposition occurs on the land and continues to be washed into the lake many months after the fires have been extinguished when winter returns,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk4286/files/inline-files/2021_SOTL_FINAL_lowres.pdf\">a 2021 report by UC Davis’s Tahoe Environmental Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestled into the elbow between California and Nevada, Lake Tahoe is a hub of outdoor recreation in both summer and winter, drawing in more than $3 billion in tourism dollars yearly, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://tahoeprosperity.org/tahoe-data/\">Tahoe Prosperity Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the fires, Schladow’s team is taking measurements every few days, venturing out on the water to collect water samples and measure UV radiation, water clarity, nutrients and algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The eeriest thing is that here we were at the end of August, on Lake Tahoe. And you could not hear another boat on the lake. That’s sort of unheard of in the middle of the day at Lake Tahoe in August,” Schladow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887141\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 779px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887141 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Courtesy_laketahoefire_082521_01.jpg\" alt=\"A masked man stands on the prow of a boat working with measuring equipment. The sky is completely smoky.\" width=\"779\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Courtesy_laketahoefire_082521_01.jpg 779w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Courtesy_laketahoefire_082521_01-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As the Caldor Fire fills the air with smoke, researcher Brandon Berry replaces the particle sampler on one of UC Davis’s research buoys on Lake Tahoe on Aug. 25, 2021. \u003ccite>(Brant Allen, UC Davis courtesy of S. Geoffrey Schladow)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe and its surrounding lands and waters are home to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/ltbmu/home/?cid=fsm9_046595\">abundant wildlife\u003c/a>, including Lahontan cutthroat trout, which are a threatened species, as well as mountain whitefish, black bears, beavers, marmots, deer, raptors, rare flowering plants and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/688485\">wingless stonefly\u003c/a> that lives on the bottom of the deep lake and provides \u003ca href=\"https://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk4286/files/inline-files/currentfoodweb_v2.pdf\">food for fish\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am not as worried about the clarity but the sensitive, endemic [only found in one location] species that are hanging on in the lake … The clarity may be able to rebound, but will we lose these species that are already having a tough time?” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.unr.edu/water-center/water-center-faculty/sudeep-chandra\">Sudeep Chandra\u003c/a>, professor of biology at the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Prof. Sudeep Chandra, University of Nevada, Reno\"]‘The clarity may be able to rebound, but will we lose these species that are already having a tough time?’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/forrest/\">Alexander Forrest\u003c/a>, an associate professor of engineering at UC Davis, has launched an autonomous underwater vehicle that seesaws up and down through the water column, crossing the lake once every 15 hours to measure particle sizes and concentrations. His team expects to collect the robot and retrieve its data in a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this sort of layer on the surface and then below, you stir it up with your hand, and you can see these particles drifting around in the water,” Forrest said. “What we’re trying to sort of elucidate or try to understand is, what are the implications?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soot and ash, which can wash into the lake if it falls within its expansive watershed, can have different effects on Lake Tahoe’s algae at different depths. Particles can darken the water and cool the lake — making it less hospitable to some algae. But it also can introduce nutrients, such as nitrogen, that algae and other organisms feed on, potentially fueling algal blooms at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Prepare for a Possible Evacuation' tag='prepare-evacuation']“The whole food web is being turned on its head, I expect,” Schladow said. “The measurements we’re taking [are] to see how true that is and how things are changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened at Castle Lake in Siskiyou County after smoke choked the region for 55 days in the summer of 2018, a team of researchers from the University of Nevada, Reno \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89926-6\">recently reported\u003c/a>. Light dimmed in the waters, and temperatures dropped. Algae flourished in shallow waters but dwindled to near zero in the depths. Trout disappeared from the edges of the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a result, you completely restructure the internal architecture of a lake,” said Chandra, one of the study’s authors. “The question for Lake Tahoe becomes, does the internal architecture restructure for a short period of time and rebound? Or does it restructure more permanently?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The threat of the Caldor Fire\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, the region has been\u003ca href=\"https://www.iqair.com/us/usa/california/south-lake-tahoe\"> choked with smoke from fires\u003c/a> burning throughout Northern California, turning the air hazardous. On Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU/status/1432405511014522886?s=20\">mandatory evacuations\u003c/a> from the Caldor Fire \u003ca href=\"https://eldoradocounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=c995bf3816964e948d7d831d3ba938ff&fbclid=IwAR3PbmH1e0oBhAnwxxRzBJxvTJTXqnjRA1IlyBEnIYNmSnr4SdC3CVslcNI\">spread to South Lake Tahoe\u003c/a>, home to resorts and camps that usually are full in late summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Caldor Fire has \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/8/14/caldor-fire/\">burned about 300 square miles\u003c/a> of El Dorado County over the past 15 days. The fire spilled \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MichaelWWara/status/1432464197682544641?s=20\">into the Tahoe Basin\u003c/a> on Monday and is lapping at the edges of the \u003ca href=\"https://tahoe.ca.gov/public-meeting-upper-truckee-watershed-synthesis/\">Upper Truckee River watershed\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/lahontan/water_issues/programs/watershed_management/docs/final_02_ut22.pdf\">biggest contributor to the waters\u003c/a> of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Preparing An Emergency Bag' tag='emergency-bag']“Conceivably, much of the Upper Truckee River watershed could burn,” said Dahlgren of UC Davis. “That’s the worst-case scenario.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires can also \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/10/california-wildfires-unsafe-drinking-water/\">contaminate water used for drinking supplies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists fear that the extreme wildfire season could be signs of the damage that climate change will inflict on waterways like Lake Tahoe in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That may be a warning or a harbinger of what the future may have in store for Tahoe and for other lakes,” Schladow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re going to have these big fires every summer, and we start getting these temporary effects every year, at what point does that temporary become the norm?”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers have already seen drops in Lake Tahoe's clarity during this year's wildfire season, and it could drop even more due to the soot from the Caldor Fire.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Smoke and ash from wildfires near Lake Tahoe — one of the deepest lakes in the world — are already clouding the lake’s famously clear water, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the long-term effects are unclear, ash and soot are now coating the surface of the High Sierra lake and veiling the sun, which can disrupt the lake’s ecosystem and its clarity. More debris and sediment are likely to wash into the lake from runoff and rain this fall and winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to turn the lake green or anything like that, in my opinion. But certainly the clarity of the lake, how deep you can see in the lake, could be affected for several years,” said \u003ca href=\"http://dahlgrenlab.lawr.ucdavis.edu/\">Randy Dahlgren\u003c/a>, professor emeritus of soils and biogeochemistry at the University of California, Davis. “It all depends on Mother Nature.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nResearchers are now trying to figure out what the residue and flames from the Caldor Fire, which crossed a granite ridge and spread into the Lake Tahoe basin on Monday, could mean for the iconic cobalt-blue lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’ve never had a fire of this extent before … This one is off the charts,” said \u003ca href=\"https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/gschladow/\">Geoffrey Schladow\u003c/a>, director of the University of California, Davis’s Tahoe Environmental Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research center’s tests of the lake already show that its clarity declined in recent days, although Schladow said it may be temporary. The changes could be caused by a combination of factors: smoke preventing sunlight from penetrating the lake’s depths, ash muddying its water or more algae growing near its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally around this time of year, we would expect to see down maybe 65 feet. Right now we’re seeing down maybe 50 feet,” Schladow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/7139900/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The legacy of decades of pollution\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past half-century, the alpine lake has lost 40% of its clarity, largely due to runoff \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/lake-tahoe/about-lake-tahoe\">containing particles and plant-feeding nitrogen and phosphorus\u003c/a>. In recent years, its clarity — a sign of its improving health — \u003ca href=\"https://54a7e7ef-dc62-4dfa-8d5b-4f352ad0804a.filesusr.com/ugd/c115bf_d78a014f264f43778c80e071598dfe2e.pdf\">has begun to stabilize\u003c/a> as state and local officials in California and Nevada took steps to protect the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The degree of damage to Lake Tahoe will depend on the degree of devastation to the forest and buildings around it. It also will depend on the months ahead: Severe rain following a fire forces more sediment and nutrients into the runoff and ultimately the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘You could not hear another boat on the lake. That’s sort of unheard of in the middle of the day at Lake Tahoe in August.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For fine particles, nutrients and toxic chemicals, “most deposition occurs on the land and continues to be washed into the lake many months after the fires have been extinguished when winter returns,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk4286/files/inline-files/2021_SOTL_FINAL_lowres.pdf\">a 2021 report by UC Davis’s Tahoe Environmental Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nestled into the elbow between California and Nevada, Lake Tahoe is a hub of outdoor recreation in both summer and winter, drawing in more than $3 billion in tourism dollars yearly, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://tahoeprosperity.org/tahoe-data/\">Tahoe Prosperity Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the fires, Schladow’s team is taking measurements every few days, venturing out on the water to collect water samples and measure UV radiation, water clarity, nutrients and algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The eeriest thing is that here we were at the end of August, on Lake Tahoe. And you could not hear another boat on the lake. That’s sort of unheard of in the middle of the day at Lake Tahoe in August,” Schladow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11887141\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 779px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11887141 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Courtesy_laketahoefire_082521_01.jpg\" alt=\"A masked man stands on the prow of a boat working with measuring equipment. The sky is completely smoky.\" width=\"779\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Courtesy_laketahoefire_082521_01.jpg 779w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Courtesy_laketahoefire_082521_01-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As the Caldor Fire fills the air with smoke, researcher Brandon Berry replaces the particle sampler on one of UC Davis’s research buoys on Lake Tahoe on Aug. 25, 2021. \u003ccite>(Brant Allen, UC Davis courtesy of S. Geoffrey Schladow)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lake Tahoe and its surrounding lands and waters are home to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/ltbmu/home/?cid=fsm9_046595\">abundant wildlife\u003c/a>, including Lahontan cutthroat trout, which are a threatened species, as well as mountain whitefish, black bears, beavers, marmots, deer, raptors, rare flowering plants and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/688485\">wingless stonefly\u003c/a> that lives on the bottom of the deep lake and provides \u003ca href=\"https://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk4286/files/inline-files/currentfoodweb_v2.pdf\">food for fish\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am not as worried about the clarity but the sensitive, endemic [only found in one location] species that are hanging on in the lake … The clarity may be able to rebound, but will we lose these species that are already having a tough time?” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.unr.edu/water-center/water-center-faculty/sudeep-chandra\">Sudeep Chandra\u003c/a>, professor of biology at the University of Nevada, Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The clarity may be able to rebound, but will we lose these species that are already having a tough time?’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/forrest/\">Alexander Forrest\u003c/a>, an associate professor of engineering at UC Davis, has launched an autonomous underwater vehicle that seesaws up and down through the water column, crossing the lake once every 15 hours to measure particle sizes and concentrations. His team expects to collect the robot and retrieve its data in a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this sort of layer on the surface and then below, you stir it up with your hand, and you can see these particles drifting around in the water,” Forrest said. “What we’re trying to sort of elucidate or try to understand is, what are the implications?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soot and ash, which can wash into the lake if it falls within its expansive watershed, can have different effects on Lake Tahoe’s algae at different depths. Particles can darken the water and cool the lake — making it less hospitable to some algae. But it also can introduce nutrients, such as nitrogen, that algae and other organisms feed on, potentially fueling algal blooms at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The whole food web is being turned on its head, I expect,” Schladow said. “The measurements we’re taking [are] to see how true that is and how things are changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened at Castle Lake in Siskiyou County after smoke choked the region for 55 days in the summer of 2018, a team of researchers from the University of Nevada, Reno \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89926-6\">recently reported\u003c/a>. Light dimmed in the waters, and temperatures dropped. Algae flourished in shallow waters but dwindled to near zero in the depths. Trout disappeared from the edges of the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a result, you completely restructure the internal architecture of a lake,” said Chandra, one of the study’s authors. “The question for Lake Tahoe becomes, does the internal architecture restructure for a short period of time and rebound? Or does it restructure more permanently?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The threat of the Caldor Fire\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, the region has been\u003ca href=\"https://www.iqair.com/us/usa/california/south-lake-tahoe\"> choked with smoke from fires\u003c/a> burning throughout Northern California, turning the air hazardous. On Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU/status/1432405511014522886?s=20\">mandatory evacuations\u003c/a> from the Caldor Fire \u003ca href=\"https://eldoradocounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=c995bf3816964e948d7d831d3ba938ff&fbclid=IwAR3PbmH1e0oBhAnwxxRzBJxvTJTXqnjRA1IlyBEnIYNmSnr4SdC3CVslcNI\">spread to South Lake Tahoe\u003c/a>, home to resorts and camps that usually are full in late summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Caldor Fire has \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/8/14/caldor-fire/\">burned about 300 square miles\u003c/a> of El Dorado County over the past 15 days. The fire spilled \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MichaelWWara/status/1432464197682544641?s=20\">into the Tahoe Basin\u003c/a> on Monday and is lapping at the edges of the \u003ca href=\"https://tahoe.ca.gov/public-meeting-upper-truckee-watershed-synthesis/\">Upper Truckee River watershed\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/lahontan/water_issues/programs/watershed_management/docs/final_02_ut22.pdf\">biggest contributor to the waters\u003c/a> of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Conceivably, much of the Upper Truckee River watershed could burn,” said Dahlgren of UC Davis. “That’s the worst-case scenario.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires can also \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/10/california-wildfires-unsafe-drinking-water/\">contaminate water used for drinking supplies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists fear that the extreme wildfire season could be signs of the damage that climate change will inflict on waterways like Lake Tahoe in years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That may be a warning or a harbinger of what the future may have in store for Tahoe and for other lakes,” Schladow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re going to have these big fires every summer, and we start getting these temporary effects every year, at what point does that temporary become the norm?”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11887072 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final.png\" alt=\"A sign that reads, "Fire Danger 'Ridiculous' Today," "National Forests Closed." Smokey the Bear is in firefighting gear on the sign as well.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1347\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final-800x561.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final-1020x716.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final-160x112.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/ridiculous_083121_final-1536x1078.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the extreme risk of wildfire, the U.S. Forest Service is \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorefirenationalforests\">closing every national forest in California\u003c/a> starting at 11:59 p.m. on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Caldor Fire raging across the Sierra and dangerously dry conditions persisting across the state, the Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd949147.pdf\">issued a news release\u003c/a> announcing the closure, citing the 6,800 wildfires and 1.7 million acres that have already burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closure is expected to end on Sept. 17. Fingers crossed we get some moisture by then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incidentally, had it not been for Smokey Bear’s extreme devotion to fire suppression, there might be less underbrush fueling fires throughout the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Leoncio Antonio Trejo Galdamez, 58, died in his son’s arms on June 29 after spending the day laying irrigation pipes in California’s Coachella Valley. News of his death reverberated through the largely Latino community near the Mexican and Arizona borders — another casualty in a dangerous business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are at the front lines of climate change. And, in some instances, we’re seeing a perfect storm battering our workers: COVID-19, wildfire smoke and heat,” said Leydy Rangel, a spokesperson for the United Farm Workers Foundation.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Andrew Kassinove, emergency department physician at JFK Memorial Hospital in Indio\"]‘If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For workers like Trejo Galdamez, whose jobs depend on outdoor work, a few degrees can mean the difference between life and death. Farmworkers here wear long shirts, thick jeans, heavy boots and wide-brimmed hats to guard against the heat. Even so, ambulances are frequently called to the fields, and heat-related illness appears to be increasing in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heat feels awful,” said Jaime Isidoro, 36. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. ‘You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born in Puebla, Mexico, Isidoro has been picking crops for two decades in the Coachella Valley. The region has one of the country’s longest growing seasons, providing most of America’s winter vegetables. It’s also home to hundreds of date farms, which thrive in the hot, dry climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is a given here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A few years ago, my head started hurting. I started to get chills. I went to the clinic and they gave me a couple of shots,” said Isidoro. “They told me it was a heatstroke. You don’t know the symptoms. I didn’t know it was that until I had it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4.jpeg 1270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jaime Isidoro plants fruit trees in his backyard during his time off and says he has noticed the summers getting hotter every year. ‘This is the first time this guava tree bore fruit,’ he says. ‘I was expecting a good crop, but the heat is too high and it’s burning the fruit.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the temperatures are getting more extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 4, three of the desert communities in the region surpassed their daily recorded highs, hitting 122 degrees in Palm Springs and Thermal, and 120 in Indio. Thermal set a record for its hottest temperature ever for August at 121 degrees. California registered its hottest June and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States: Heat stress killed 815 U.S. workers and seriously injured more than 70,000 workers from 1992 through 2017, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In California, heat-related emergency room visits increased by 35% from 2005 to 2015, the latest year for which data was readily available, with disproportionate increases among Black, Latino and Asian American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical staffers in the Coachella Valley say they’ve treated a rising number of patients suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke in recent years. In 2018 California saw 6,152 emergency room visits due to heat-related illness. Riverside County, which includes Coachella, Indio and Palm Springs, has among the highest rates of heat-related ER visits in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat,” said Dr. Andrew Kassinove, emergency department physician and chief of staff at JFK Memorial Hospital in Indio.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital regularly treats people who work outside for heat exhaustion, characterized by nausea, lightheadedness, fatigue, muscle cramping and dizziness. Less frequently they see heatstroke, a more dangerous condition whose symptoms include headache, confusion, vomiting, rapid heart rate, fainting and a failure to sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JFK Memorial has treated 129 heat-related cases already this year, compared with 85 in all of 2020 and 75 in 2019, said hospital spokesperson Todd Burke. [aside postID=news_11866519,news_11878212]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Core body temperatures that are really elevated require lifesaving measures to treat them,” Kassinove said. As temperatures rise above the typical human temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, the body struggles to dissipate the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest worker protections for heat exhaustion. A standard adopted by occupational safety officials in 2006 was the first in the country to apply to all outdoor jobs, mandating companies to provide workers with adequate shade, downtime and water. After a historic heat wave hit the Pacific Northwest this June, Oregon and Washington adopted similar protections. Some members of Congress have introduced a similar bill and want the Labor Department to establish federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But workers’ rights groups say the rules are not always enforced. And farmworkers, who are desperate for the money and often get paid per piece during harvests, often overlook their own safety, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are less likely to file complaints,” said the UFW’s Rangel. With no federal assistance during the pandemic, “they had no option. They had to keep showing up to work if they wanted to feed their family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, who represent the majority of California farmworkers, are as a group more likely to have conditions that can be exacerbated by the heat, like high blood pressure and kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers stress the importance of hydration and urge the workers to consume less dehydrating soda, coffee and alcohol, said nurse practitioner Jose Banuelos at Coachella’s Central Neighborhood Health Foundation. “You can’t change your job if your job is outside. But I tell people to wear sunscreen and a protective coating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat may also affect a patient’s use of medicines. Antipsychotics and antidepressants, for example, can reduce thirst and thus cause dehydration, as do diuretics, sometimes taken for swelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isidoro, who said he’s looking for other jobs, often sees fellow workers struggling in the fields. If they feel faint, they can sit in the shade, or jump in a nearby truck for air conditioning — or call 911 if symptoms persist. But it’s a point of pride not to show the heat is getting to you, he said — and calls to slow down are often met with snickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around Bakersfield, during the summer and fall harvest of table grapes, ambulances are a regular sight, Isidoro said. “Daily you would hear, ‘Here comes the ambulance’ or ‘So-and-so left early because he felt ill.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg\" alt=\"Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is “indescribable.” At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is ‘indescribable.’ At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But many workers ignore the warning signs, said Aguileo Rangel Rojas, another farmworker: “They are OK risking their health, not thinking about it, to make sure they can make a wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangel Rojas knows the risks all too well. In 2005, his then-15-year-old son, Cruz, suffered heatstroke while picking grapes. He spent 15 days in the hospital and the family wasn’t sure he would survive. His father teared up at the memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t have money. We didn’t speak English. Without cars. Without anything,” he said. “We didn’t know our rights. It can rip your heart out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz stopped picking after that and went back to high school; he’s now a UFW employee. His father, now 53, still works in the fields with his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Rangel Rojas began working nights, when temperatures go down to the low 80s. But even without extreme heat, there are risks. Evaporation from the crops hangs thick in the air, creating humidity that can bring on thunderstorms and flash floods. Lightning flashed around him while he was out cutting celery on a tractor on a recent predawn morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can get hit by lightning at any moment and we could all die,” he said. “There should be an instance when it’s raining and the bosses have us stop working, but they don’t. We don’t have the luxury of sitting behind a desk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Workers who harvest crops ranging from grapes to cauliflower in the Coachella Valley are accustomed to temperatures well over 100 degrees. This summer the thermometer has already hit 122.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Leoncio Antonio Trejo Galdamez, 58, died in his son’s arms on June 29 after spending the day laying irrigation pipes in California’s Coachella Valley. News of his death reverberated through the largely Latino community near the Mexican and Arizona borders — another casualty in a dangerous business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are at the front lines of climate change. And, in some instances, we’re seeing a perfect storm battering our workers: COVID-19, wildfire smoke and heat,” said Leydy Rangel, a spokesperson for the United Farm Workers Foundation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For workers like Trejo Galdamez, whose jobs depend on outdoor work, a few degrees can mean the difference between life and death. Farmworkers here wear long shirts, thick jeans, heavy boots and wide-brimmed hats to guard against the heat. Even so, ambulances are frequently called to the fields, and heat-related illness appears to be increasing in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heat feels awful,” said Jaime Isidoro, 36. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. ‘You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born in Puebla, Mexico, Isidoro has been picking crops for two decades in the Coachella Valley. The region has one of the country’s longest growing seasons, providing most of America’s winter vegetables. It’s also home to hundreds of date farms, which thrive in the hot, dry climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is a given here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A few years ago, my head started hurting. I started to get chills. I went to the clinic and they gave me a couple of shots,” said Isidoro. “They told me it was a heatstroke. You don’t know the symptoms. I didn’t know it was that until I had it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4.jpeg 1270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jaime Isidoro plants fruit trees in his backyard during his time off and says he has noticed the summers getting hotter every year. ‘This is the first time this guava tree bore fruit,’ he says. ‘I was expecting a good crop, but the heat is too high and it’s burning the fruit.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the temperatures are getting more extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 4, three of the desert communities in the region surpassed their daily recorded highs, hitting 122 degrees in Palm Springs and Thermal, and 120 in Indio. Thermal set a record for its hottest temperature ever for August at 121 degrees. California registered its hottest June and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States: Heat stress killed 815 U.S. workers and seriously injured more than 70,000 workers from 1992 through 2017, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In California, heat-related emergency room visits increased by 35% from 2005 to 2015, the latest year for which data was readily available, with disproportionate increases among Black, Latino and Asian American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical staffers in the Coachella Valley say they’ve treated a rising number of patients suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke in recent years. In 2018 California saw 6,152 emergency room visits due to heat-related illness. Riverside County, which includes Coachella, Indio and Palm Springs, has among the highest rates of heat-related ER visits in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat,” said Dr. Andrew Kassinove, emergency department physician and chief of staff at JFK Memorial Hospital in Indio.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital regularly treats people who work outside for heat exhaustion, characterized by nausea, lightheadedness, fatigue, muscle cramping and dizziness. Less frequently they see heatstroke, a more dangerous condition whose symptoms include headache, confusion, vomiting, rapid heart rate, fainting and a failure to sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JFK Memorial has treated 129 heat-related cases already this year, compared with 85 in all of 2020 and 75 in 2019, said hospital spokesperson Todd Burke. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Core body temperatures that are really elevated require lifesaving measures to treat them,” Kassinove said. As temperatures rise above the typical human temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, the body struggles to dissipate the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest worker protections for heat exhaustion. A standard adopted by occupational safety officials in 2006 was the first in the country to apply to all outdoor jobs, mandating companies to provide workers with adequate shade, downtime and water. After a historic heat wave hit the Pacific Northwest this June, Oregon and Washington adopted similar protections. Some members of Congress have introduced a similar bill and want the Labor Department to establish federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But workers’ rights groups say the rules are not always enforced. And farmworkers, who are desperate for the money and often get paid per piece during harvests, often overlook their own safety, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are less likely to file complaints,” said the UFW’s Rangel. With no federal assistance during the pandemic, “they had no option. They had to keep showing up to work if they wanted to feed their family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, who represent the majority of California farmworkers, are as a group more likely to have conditions that can be exacerbated by the heat, like high blood pressure and kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers stress the importance of hydration and urge the workers to consume less dehydrating soda, coffee and alcohol, said nurse practitioner Jose Banuelos at Coachella’s Central Neighborhood Health Foundation. “You can’t change your job if your job is outside. But I tell people to wear sunscreen and a protective coating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat may also affect a patient’s use of medicines. Antipsychotics and antidepressants, for example, can reduce thirst and thus cause dehydration, as do diuretics, sometimes taken for swelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isidoro, who said he’s looking for other jobs, often sees fellow workers struggling in the fields. If they feel faint, they can sit in the shade, or jump in a nearby truck for air conditioning — or call 911 if symptoms persist. But it’s a point of pride not to show the heat is getting to you, he said — and calls to slow down are often met with snickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around Bakersfield, during the summer and fall harvest of table grapes, ambulances are a regular sight, Isidoro said. “Daily you would hear, ‘Here comes the ambulance’ or ‘So-and-so left early because he felt ill.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg\" alt=\"Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is “indescribable.” At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is ‘indescribable.’ At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But many workers ignore the warning signs, said Aguileo Rangel Rojas, another farmworker: “They are OK risking their health, not thinking about it, to make sure they can make a wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangel Rojas knows the risks all too well. In 2005, his then-15-year-old son, Cruz, suffered heatstroke while picking grapes. He spent 15 days in the hospital and the family wasn’t sure he would survive. His father teared up at the memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t have money. We didn’t speak English. Without cars. Without anything,” he said. “We didn’t know our rights. It can rip your heart out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz stopped picking after that and went back to high school; he’s now a UFW employee. His father, now 53, still works in the fields with his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Rangel Rojas began working nights, when temperatures go down to the low 80s. But even without extreme heat, there are risks. Evaporation from the crops hangs thick in the air, creating humidity that can bring on thunderstorms and flash floods. Lightning flashed around him while he was out cutting celery on a tractor on a recent predawn morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can get hit by lightning at any moment and we could all die,” he said. “There should be an instance when it’s raining and the bosses have us stop working, but they don’t. We don’t have the luxury of sitting behind a desk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "PG&E Faces New Round of Questions Over Its Response at Outset of Dixie Fire",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:40 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 19, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/7/14/dixie-fire/\">Dixie Fire\u003c/a> in the sixth week of its rampage through the northern Sierra and beyond, PG&E is facing new scrutiny over its possible role in igniting the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility is facing a tough new round of questions from U.S. District Judge William Alsup, who is seeking new details about the company's response to a power line problem in the Feather River Canyon on July 13, the day the fire started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his inquiry, Alsup has ordered a PG&E worker who responded to the line problem and eventually discovered the beginnings of the Dixie Fire to appear at a court hearing set for Sept. 13. The judge said he will issue a subpoena to compel the worker's appearance if he does not attend voluntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup is overseeing PG&E's probation for criminal convictions arising from the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11287618/pge-gets-3m-fine-for-san-bruno-blast-must-advertise-its-conviction-on-tv\">2010 San Bruno natural gas pipeline disaster\u003c/a>. He wants the company to more fully explain the actions of the worker, called a troubleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In orders issued \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21045564/1417-usavpge-210817.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuesday\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21045565/1418-usavpge-210818.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wednesday\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21046071/1419-usavpge-210819.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thursday\u003c/a>, Alsup posed dozens of questions centering on events in the first 10 hours of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In filings submitted last month to the California Public Utilities Commission and Judge Alsup's court, PG&E reported that the first sign of problem in the area where the fire started was detected early July 13: A power outage was detected at the company's Cresta Dam, on the North Fork of the Feather River northeast of Oroville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E's filing explained that remote sensing equipment had detected a momentary surge of current on the three-conductor line at 6:48 a.m. The surge was too brief — just a few thousandths of a second — for a safety device called a recloser to trip and shut off power through the line. That meant that current continued to flow through the line in an area well known to be at high risk for wildfires as PG&E began the process of investigating the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most attention-getting detail in the company's account of its response was its admission that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11881837/why-it-took-pge-9-5-hours-to-get-to-the-scene-where-dixie-fire-started\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it took nearly 10 hours\u003c/a> after the first sign of a problem for its troubleman to reach the site where a 70-foot Douglas-fir tree had fallen across a power line and ignited a small fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11881837 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/07/dixiefire-1536x851.jpg']The worker tried unsuccessfully to extinguish the blaze, which he described as growing to about 1,200 square feet as he fought it. A fire crew that happened to be driving up the other side of the Feather River on Highway 70 had already spotted the flames and, a few minutes after 5 p.m., reported the incident to a Cal Fire dispatcher as an \"established\" fire measuring about 40 feet by 40 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his long list of queries, Judge Alsup asks PG&E to explain why the power line problem apparently took so long to ignite the small fire the troubleman first encountered. Noting that no one had spotted a fire before the PG&E worker arrived at the site, Alsup asked, \"What, if anything, did the troubleman do upon his arrival at the site that might have accidentally caused the fire?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup's questions include a back-and-forth between the judge and PG&E over what the company knows about a drone flight that interfered with firefighters in the hours immediately following the discovery of the Dixie Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884337/investigators-probing-pges-possible-link-to-fateful-dixie-fire-drone-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordered the company \u003c/a>on Aug. 6 to tell him what it knows about the drone, including whether it might have been flown by a contractor. In a response filed Monday, PG&E \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885363/pge-tells-judge-it-knows-nothing-about-dixie-fire-drone-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">flatly denied\u003c/a> knowing anything about the drone flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, Alsup posed the drone question again. The judge said he had information by way of the court monitor assigned to track PG&E's safety performance that the company might know something about the drone after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court has received information that PG&E informed the monitor of the following: PG&E believed that the drone that interfered with Dixie firefighting on July 13 was being flown by a PG&E contractor at the time of the interference,\" Alsup wrote. \"PG&E believed that the contractor was not doing work for PG&E at the time of the interference, however, because records indicated that it had completed PG&E surveillance work for the day. Is it true that PG&E did believe that a PG&E contractor operated the drone (regardless of whether it was on behalf of PG&E or not)? What was the source of this information? Does PG&E still believe that?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PG&E reiterated it's \"not aware of any evidence that the company or any of its contractors operated a drone anywhere near the start of the Dixie fire on July 13.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We intend to update the court on what appears to be a misunderstanding based on early reports and preliminary information,\" the company said. \"We will clarify this information with the court and seek to clarify all stakeholders' understanding of the facts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dixie Fire has burned more than 1,050 square miles over the past 38 days, has destroyed more than 500 homes and continues to threaten communities in Lassen, Plumas and Tehama counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:40 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 19, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/7/14/dixie-fire/\">Dixie Fire\u003c/a> in the sixth week of its rampage through the northern Sierra and beyond, PG&E is facing new scrutiny over its possible role in igniting the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility is facing a tough new round of questions from U.S. District Judge William Alsup, who is seeking new details about the company's response to a power line problem in the Feather River Canyon on July 13, the day the fire started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his inquiry, Alsup has ordered a PG&E worker who responded to the line problem and eventually discovered the beginnings of the Dixie Fire to appear at a court hearing set for Sept. 13. The judge said he will issue a subpoena to compel the worker's appearance if he does not attend voluntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup is overseeing PG&E's probation for criminal convictions arising from the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11287618/pge-gets-3m-fine-for-san-bruno-blast-must-advertise-its-conviction-on-tv\">2010 San Bruno natural gas pipeline disaster\u003c/a>. He wants the company to more fully explain the actions of the worker, called a troubleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In orders issued \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21045564/1417-usavpge-210817.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tuesday\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21045565/1418-usavpge-210818.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wednesday\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21046071/1419-usavpge-210819.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Thursday\u003c/a>, Alsup posed dozens of questions centering on events in the first 10 hours of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In filings submitted last month to the California Public Utilities Commission and Judge Alsup's court, PG&E reported that the first sign of problem in the area where the fire started was detected early July 13: A power outage was detected at the company's Cresta Dam, on the North Fork of the Feather River northeast of Oroville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E's filing explained that remote sensing equipment had detected a momentary surge of current on the three-conductor line at 6:48 a.m. The surge was too brief — just a few thousandths of a second — for a safety device called a recloser to trip and shut off power through the line. That meant that current continued to flow through the line in an area well known to be at high risk for wildfires as PG&E began the process of investigating the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most attention-getting detail in the company's account of its response was its admission that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11881837/why-it-took-pge-9-5-hours-to-get-to-the-scene-where-dixie-fire-started\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it took nearly 10 hours\u003c/a> after the first sign of a problem for its troubleman to reach the site where a 70-foot Douglas-fir tree had fallen across a power line and ignited a small fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The worker tried unsuccessfully to extinguish the blaze, which he described as growing to about 1,200 square feet as he fought it. A fire crew that happened to be driving up the other side of the Feather River on Highway 70 had already spotted the flames and, a few minutes after 5 p.m., reported the incident to a Cal Fire dispatcher as an \"established\" fire measuring about 40 feet by 40 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his long list of queries, Judge Alsup asks PG&E to explain why the power line problem apparently took so long to ignite the small fire the troubleman first encountered. Noting that no one had spotted a fire before the PG&E worker arrived at the site, Alsup asked, \"What, if anything, did the troubleman do upon his arrival at the site that might have accidentally caused the fire?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup's questions include a back-and-forth between the judge and PG&E over what the company knows about a drone flight that interfered with firefighters in the hours immediately following the discovery of the Dixie Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884337/investigators-probing-pges-possible-link-to-fateful-dixie-fire-drone-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordered the company \u003c/a>on Aug. 6 to tell him what it knows about the drone, including whether it might have been flown by a contractor. In a response filed Monday, PG&E \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11885363/pge-tells-judge-it-knows-nothing-about-dixie-fire-drone-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">flatly denied\u003c/a> knowing anything about the drone flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, Alsup posed the drone question again. The judge said he had information by way of the court monitor assigned to track PG&E's safety performance that the company might know something about the drone after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court has received information that PG&E informed the monitor of the following: PG&E believed that the drone that interfered with Dixie firefighting on July 13 was being flown by a PG&E contractor at the time of the interference,\" Alsup wrote. \"PG&E believed that the contractor was not doing work for PG&E at the time of the interference, however, because records indicated that it had completed PG&E surveillance work for the day. Is it true that PG&E did believe that a PG&E contractor operated the drone (regardless of whether it was on behalf of PG&E or not)? What was the source of this information? Does PG&E still believe that?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, PG&E reiterated it's \"not aware of any evidence that the company or any of its contractors operated a drone anywhere near the start of the Dixie fire on July 13.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We intend to update the court on what appears to be a misunderstanding based on early reports and preliminary information,\" the company said. \"We will clarify this information with the court and seek to clarify all stakeholders' understanding of the facts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dixie Fire has burned more than 1,050 square miles over the past 38 days, has destroyed more than 500 homes and continues to threaten communities in Lassen, Plumas and Tehama counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "PG&E Power Shutoffs Possible Starting Tuesday Night, Including Parts of Bay Area",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12:35 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 17, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">GUIDE: How to prepare for a power outage in your home\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>PG&E says it may shut off power beginning Tuesday night to about 48,000 customers \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/updates/\">in parts of 18 Northern California counties\u003c/a> to prevent its equipment from igniting wildfires amid gusty winds, high temperatures, low humidity and extreme drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11836990,science_1950931\" label=\"Related Information\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, about 6,700 customers could be affected in Napa, Sonoma and Solano counties. Another 350 could have their lights turned off in eastern Contra Costa and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for what PG&E terms a public safety power shutoff \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en_US/safety/emergency-preparedness/natural-disaster/wildfires/psps-weather-map.page\">was rated as an \"outage watch\" on Tuesday\u003c/a>, indicating that the utility believes shutoffs are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service's San Francisco Bay Area office on Tuesday tweeted a \"dry, gusty offshore flow will develop over the interior North Bay Mountains and East Bay Hills/Diablo Range tonight through midweek,\" and issued a red flag warning for the region starting Tuesday at 11 p.m. and lasting through 3 p.m. Wednesday. The NWS said winds could gust to 45 mph, with maximum gusts of up to 55 mph at the highest elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1427612258809511958?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says it began notifying customers Sunday night via text, email and automated phone calls. The company adds that customers can \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/updates/\">look up their address online\u003c/a> to find out whether their location is being monitored for the potential shutoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Affected areas lie in the Sierra Nevada foothills, the North Coast, the northern Sacramento Valley and the North Bay mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the number of customers who may be affected in each county in the table below. Customers enrolled in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en_US/residential/save-energy-money/help-paying-your-bill/longer-term-assistance/medical-condition-related/medical-baseline-allowance/medical-baseline-allowance.page#targetText=The%20Medical%20Baseline%20Program%2C%20also,due%20to%20qualifying%20medical%20conditions.&targetText=A%20lower%20rate%20on%20your,a%20Public%20Safety%20Power%20Shutoff\">Medical Baseline Program\u003c/a>, which offers lower energy rates for older people and people with disabilities who need extra power to operate ventilators, dialysis machines or mechanized wheelchairs and may be affected by the shutoffs, are also listed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Possible Counties, Number of Customers Affected by Potential PG&E Power Shutoffs Beginning Tuesday, Aug. 17\" aria-label=\"table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-GMy0T\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/GMy0T/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"745\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E equipment has been responsible for some of the deadliest and most destructive wildfires in modern California history, including the 2018 Camp Fire, which killed 85 people in and around the Butte County town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said in a report filed with state utility regulators in mid-July that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884610/will-pges-fire-victims-ever-be-made-whole-never-says-trustee-overseeing-compensation\">Cal Fire was investigating the company's equipment as the possible cause of the Dixie Fire\u003c/a>, which has burned more than 604,000 acres, or about 944 square miles, as of Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Find more information about PG&E power shutoffs, including KQED's resources on how to prepare for one, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Intentional power outages meant to decrease the chances of wildfire could affect nearly 48,000 customers, most of them in Butte and Shasta counties, PG&E said. Parts of Alameda, Contra Costa, Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties also could be affected.",
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"description": "Intentional power outages meant to decrease the chances of wildfire could affect nearly 48,000 customers, most of them in Butte and Shasta counties, PG&E said. Parts of Alameda, Contra Costa, Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties also could be affected.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12:35 p.m. Tuesday, Aug. 17, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">GUIDE: How to prepare for a power outage in your home\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>PG&E says it may shut off power beginning Tuesday night to about 48,000 customers \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/updates/\">in parts of 18 Northern California counties\u003c/a> to prevent its equipment from igniting wildfires amid gusty winds, high temperatures, low humidity and extreme drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, about 6,700 customers could be affected in Napa, Sonoma and Solano counties. Another 350 could have their lights turned off in eastern Contra Costa and Alameda counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for what PG&E terms a public safety power shutoff \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en_US/safety/emergency-preparedness/natural-disaster/wildfires/psps-weather-map.page\">was rated as an \"outage watch\" on Tuesday\u003c/a>, indicating that the utility believes shutoffs are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service's San Francisco Bay Area office on Tuesday tweeted a \"dry, gusty offshore flow will develop over the interior North Bay Mountains and East Bay Hills/Diablo Range tonight through midweek,\" and issued a red flag warning for the region starting Tuesday at 11 p.m. and lasting through 3 p.m. Wednesday. The NWS said winds could gust to 45 mph, with maximum gusts of up to 55 mph at the highest elevations.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>PG&E says it began notifying customers Sunday night via text, email and automated phone calls. The company adds that customers can \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/updates/\">look up their address online\u003c/a> to find out whether their location is being monitored for the potential shutoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Affected areas lie in the Sierra Nevada foothills, the North Coast, the northern Sacramento Valley and the North Bay mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>See the number of customers who may be affected in each county in the table below. Customers enrolled in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en_US/residential/save-energy-money/help-paying-your-bill/longer-term-assistance/medical-condition-related/medical-baseline-allowance/medical-baseline-allowance.page#targetText=The%20Medical%20Baseline%20Program%2C%20also,due%20to%20qualifying%20medical%20conditions.&targetText=A%20lower%20rate%20on%20your,a%20Public%20Safety%20Power%20Shutoff\">Medical Baseline Program\u003c/a>, which offers lower energy rates for older people and people with disabilities who need extra power to operate ventilators, dialysis machines or mechanized wheelchairs and may be affected by the shutoffs, are also listed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe title=\"Possible Counties, Number of Customers Affected by Potential PG&E Power Shutoffs Beginning Tuesday, Aug. 17\" aria-label=\"table\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-GMy0T\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/GMy0T/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"800\" height=\"745\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E equipment has been responsible for some of the deadliest and most destructive wildfires in modern California history, including the 2018 Camp Fire, which killed 85 people in and around the Butte County town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said in a report filed with state utility regulators in mid-July that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884610/will-pges-fire-victims-ever-be-made-whole-never-says-trustee-overseeing-compensation\">Cal Fire was investigating the company's equipment as the possible cause of the Dixie Fire\u003c/a>, which has burned more than 604,000 acres, or about 944 square miles, as of Tuesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Find more information about PG&E power shutoffs, including KQED's resources on how to prepare for one, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "poor-air-quality-from-wildfire-smoke-worsens-covid-19-cases-deaths-study-finds",
"title": "Poor Air Quality From Wildfire Smoke Worsens COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, Study Finds",
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"headTitle": "Poor Air Quality From Wildfire Smoke Worsens COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, Study Finds | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Sept. 9, 2020, the Bay Area sky turned so hazy, it hid the sun from view and glowed an ominous dark orange. In the days that followed, dangerous air pollution in the region skyrocketed as dozens of wildfires burned throughout California, in what became the largest wildfire season recorded in modern state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like other essential workers, Maribel Villanueva, 46, kept working, caring for children full-time at a day care in East Oakland. She walked and took a 20-minute bus ride to work wearing a cloth mask, which didn’t protect her from the worst of the smoke, said Maribel’s sister, Susana. She developed a loud cough, and on Sept. 17, Maribel was hospitalized with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we even knew that she had COVID, she had cold-like symptoms and said, ‘You know, I think it was the smoke that really affected me. And that’s why I have this cough,’” said Susana, 42, who lived with Maribel and other relatives in their home in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susana will never know for certain the extent of the smoke’s harm to her sister’s lungs. But two weeks later, on Oct. 2, Maribel died at a hospital from respiratory failure, pneumonia and COVID-19, according to her death certificate. A single mom, she left behind a son who just turned 11 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two natural disasters — the coronavirus and record-setting Western wildfires spewing air toxins — converged to exacerbate the pandemic’s health toll last year in California, Oregon and Washington, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/33/eabi8789\">study\u003c/a> published Friday in the journal Science Advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke produces high levels of tiny, harmful particulate matter, so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/wildfire/worker-protection-from-wildfire-smoke.html\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, that can travel suspended in air thousands of miles away.[aside tag=\"wildfires\" label=\"More wildfire coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California alone, between mid-March and mid-December 2020, exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 contributed to about 1,000 COVID-19 deaths and 26,600 cases in counties where the smoke was found to amplify coronavirus cases or mortality. The researchers of the study, from Harvard University and other institutions, provided KQED with \u003ca href=\"https://analysis-1.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/c0df43781aeb4085954676f4e9ca9bf9\">county numbers\u003c/a> in advance of publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County, where Maribel Villanueva lived, faced one of the biggest spikes in COVID-19 deaths linked to wildfire smoke pollution out of the 92 counties the researchers analyzed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Smoke increases risk of lung infections\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Inhaling wildfire smoke can cause inflammation in the lungs and hurt the immune system’s response, making people more prone to severe respiratory tract infections, including from COVID-19, according to medical experts and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/smoke-faq.html\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made perfect sense to me that the bad wildfire smoke season we had in 2020 here in Northern California would lead to increased risk of COVID-19,” said John Balmes, a pulmonologist at UCSF who reviewed the study for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884786\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Villanueva holds a photo of her sister Maribel at her home in Oakland on Aug. 3, 2021. Maribel, a day care worker and single mom, developed a cough after inhaling wildfire smoke in Sept. 2020. She died weeks later from COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Previous research has linked air pollution to worse COVID-19 health outcomes, including a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00366-w?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=3_nsn6445_deeplink_PID100107555&utm_content=deeplink\">study\u003c/a> that found that higher PM 2.5 from wildfire smoke led to 18% more COVID-19 cases in Reno, Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is the first investigation that quantifies the extra number of coronavirus cases and deaths due to wildfire pollution in multiple states, said senior author Francesca Dominici, a professor of biostatistics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominici said the study makes a clear link between climate change and the pandemic. \u003ca href=\"https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/8/\">Climate experts\u003c/a> have established that the warming climate is a major driver of drought and heat conditions that lead to more frequent and catastrophic blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now know that these wildfires, because of their very high levels of PM 2.5, are making the pandemic worse,” said Dominici. “Wildfire [smoke] exposure and COVID are actually a really dangerous combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominici’s research team developed a statistical model that crunched county-level data on the coronavirus, smoke and PM 2.5 to estimate excess COVID-19 cases and deaths up to four weeks after a day of extra air pollution due to the blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wildfire smoke exacerbated the coronavirus health burden in most counties, the smoke seemed to have a “protective effect” leading to fewer coronavirus cases or deaths in others, including Los Angeles and San Mateo. That’s because there are many other factors at play, such as adherence to mask mandates, said Dominici.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s entirely possible that during wildfire days people stayed indoors more, and this contained … the spread of the disease,” she said. “And so people were actually exposed less to the levels of PM 2.5 during these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Like he was drowning’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Adrian Sanchez, 72, lived in South Hayward, in a lower-income ZIP code that has suffered one of the highest rates of COVID-19 deaths in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former forklift operator died from the coronavirus on Dec. 5, and lived with both Type 2 diabetes and asthma — two conditions that make COVID-19 and smoke more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His wife of 46 years, Eudelia, remembers Adrian struggling to breathe on heavy smoke days last summer and fall. He felt “like he was drowning” because of his asthma, she said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very difficult for us to recover. The pain is always going to be there,” said Eudelia, 68, who believes the smoke pollution harmed her husband’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, if the smoke impacts people who are healthy, can you imagine what it does to those who are already sick?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the worst of last year’s wildfire season, between mid-August and mid-October, 162 people in Alameda County died from the coronavirus, according to an analysis of county records by the \u003ca href=\"https://documentingcovid19.io/\">Documenting COVID-19 project\u003c/a> from the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, a collaboration between Columbia and Stanford universities, in collaboration with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County medical examiner data, which includes the occupation of those who died, shows that nearly all of the deceased under age 65 were in frontline jobs, including janitors, delivery drivers, caregivers and construction workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11885028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11885028 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1329\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-1536x1063.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Villanueva at home in Oakland with Maribel’s son David Lara, 11. After Maribel’s death last fall, Susana and her husband took custody of David. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Air pollution as environmental justice issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To protect themselves, people should avoid smoke as much as possible and wear N95 masks when they venture outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside buildings, using central air conditioning or \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/list-carb-certified-air-cleaning-devices\">air cleaners\u003c/a> cuts down particulate matter, said Amy MacPherson, a spokesperson with the California Air Resources Board, or CARB, which is tasked with protecting the public from air pollution.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eudelia Sanchez\"]‘It’s going to be very difficult for us to recover. The pain is always going to be there.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The single most effective way to protect yourself from wildfire smoke is to stay indoors, with windows and doors shut,” said MacPherson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But avoiding smoke is often unrealistic for millions of people who work outside the home and toil outdoors in industries such as construction or agriculture, or who rely on public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These workers often live in lower-income communities of color, in older homes that lack air purifiers and that smoke can easily penetrate, said Balmes, the UCSF physician who has researched the impacts of air pollution on lung health for nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that those same communities, with less access to medical care or healthy foods, also suffer disproportionately from chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes that can worsen COVID-19 symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exposure to air pollution in general and wildfire smoke in particular, tends to be greater for low-income people of color, but then they’re also at greater risk for COVID-19,” said Balmes. “So it’s an environmental justice issue that our society should be dealing with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments should do more to provide free N95 masks and portable air filters to lower-wage families, especially essential workers, said Balmes, who was first appointed as a member of CARB by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is planning to provide \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/wildfire-smoke-clean-air-center-grant/about\">$5 million\u003c/a> in the next few months to local communities to upgrade ventilation systems and purchase portable air cleaners. The goal is to set up a “network of clean air centers” to help vulnerable populations get relief from the smoke, said CARB spokesperson MacPherson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/news-and-events/page-resources/2021-news/081021-ramp\">announced\u003c/a> it will offer portable air filtration units to about 2,000 lower-income residents diagnosed with asthma, and who are particularly at risk from the pollution expected this wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2419?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Wildfire+smoke+emergency+of+2021%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=1\">bill\u003c/a> introduced last month by California and Oregon senators would allow the president to declare a “smoke emergency” and direct funds, equipment, personnel and other resources to set up smoke shelters, air purifiers and air monitors in affected communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families of both Adrian Sanchez and Maribel Villanueva, the day care worker, said they didn’t have an air purifier at home or N95 masks to wear when they went outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Maribel’s funeral, her sister Susana took custody of Maribel’s young son. The family gathered during his 11th birthday celebration at Susana’s home. But as he stared at his red velvet cake, the boy looked like he was going to cry, missing his mom, said Susana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell him, ‘I will never be able to replace your mom, but I’m here. We love you. I want you to know that we care for you,”’ she said. “So just taking it one day at a time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jake Kincaid and Derek Kravitz of the Documenting COVID-19 project contributed data analysis on COVID-19 deaths in Alameda County during wildfire season for this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Poor Air Quality From Wildfire Smoke Worsens COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, Study Finds | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Sept. 9, 2020, the Bay Area sky turned so hazy, it hid the sun from view and glowed an ominous dark orange. In the days that followed, dangerous air pollution in the region skyrocketed as dozens of wildfires burned throughout California, in what became the largest wildfire season recorded in modern state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like other essential workers, Maribel Villanueva, 46, kept working, caring for children full-time at a day care in East Oakland. She walked and took a 20-minute bus ride to work wearing a cloth mask, which didn’t protect her from the worst of the smoke, said Maribel’s sister, Susana. She developed a loud cough, and on Sept. 17, Maribel was hospitalized with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we even knew that she had COVID, she had cold-like symptoms and said, ‘You know, I think it was the smoke that really affected me. And that’s why I have this cough,’” said Susana, 42, who lived with Maribel and other relatives in their home in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susana will never know for certain the extent of the smoke’s harm to her sister’s lungs. But two weeks later, on Oct. 2, Maribel died at a hospital from respiratory failure, pneumonia and COVID-19, according to her death certificate. A single mom, she left behind a son who just turned 11 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two natural disasters — the coronavirus and record-setting Western wildfires spewing air toxins — converged to exacerbate the pandemic’s health toll last year in California, Oregon and Washington, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/33/eabi8789\">study\u003c/a> published Friday in the journal Science Advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke produces high levels of tiny, harmful particulate matter, so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/wildfire/worker-protection-from-wildfire-smoke.html\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, that can travel suspended in air thousands of miles away.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California alone, between mid-March and mid-December 2020, exposure to high levels of PM 2.5 contributed to about 1,000 COVID-19 deaths and 26,600 cases in counties where the smoke was found to amplify coronavirus cases or mortality. The researchers of the study, from Harvard University and other institutions, provided KQED with \u003ca href=\"https://analysis-1.maps.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/c0df43781aeb4085954676f4e9ca9bf9\">county numbers\u003c/a> in advance of publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County, where Maribel Villanueva lived, faced one of the biggest spikes in COVID-19 deaths linked to wildfire smoke pollution out of the 92 counties the researchers analyzed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Smoke increases risk of lung infections\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Inhaling wildfire smoke can cause inflammation in the lungs and hurt the immune system’s response, making people more prone to severe respiratory tract infections, including from COVID-19, according to medical experts and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/smoke-faq.html\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made perfect sense to me that the bad wildfire smoke season we had in 2020 here in Northern California would lead to increased risk of COVID-19,” said John Balmes, a pulmonologist at UCSF who reviewed the study for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11884786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11884786\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50615_IMG_3916-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Villanueva holds a photo of her sister Maribel at her home in Oakland on Aug. 3, 2021. Maribel, a day care worker and single mom, developed a cough after inhaling wildfire smoke in Sept. 2020. She died weeks later from COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Previous research has linked air pollution to worse COVID-19 health outcomes, including a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00366-w?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=3_nsn6445_deeplink_PID100107555&utm_content=deeplink\">study\u003c/a> that found that higher PM 2.5 from wildfire smoke led to 18% more COVID-19 cases in Reno, Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is the first investigation that quantifies the extra number of coronavirus cases and deaths due to wildfire pollution in multiple states, said senior author Francesca Dominici, a professor of biostatistics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominici said the study makes a clear link between climate change and the pandemic. \u003ca href=\"https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/8/\">Climate experts\u003c/a> have established that the warming climate is a major driver of drought and heat conditions that lead to more frequent and catastrophic blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now know that these wildfires, because of their very high levels of PM 2.5, are making the pandemic worse,” said Dominici. “Wildfire [smoke] exposure and COVID are actually a really dangerous combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominici’s research team developed a statistical model that crunched county-level data on the coronavirus, smoke and PM 2.5 to estimate excess COVID-19 cases and deaths up to four weeks after a day of extra air pollution due to the blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While wildfire smoke exacerbated the coronavirus health burden in most counties, the smoke seemed to have a “protective effect” leading to fewer coronavirus cases or deaths in others, including Los Angeles and San Mateo. That’s because there are many other factors at play, such as adherence to mask mandates, said Dominici.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s entirely possible that during wildfire days people stayed indoors more, and this contained … the spread of the disease,” she said. “And so people were actually exposed less to the levels of PM 2.5 during these days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Like he was drowning’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Adrian Sanchez, 72, lived in South Hayward, in a lower-income ZIP code that has suffered one of the highest rates of COVID-19 deaths in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former forklift operator died from the coronavirus on Dec. 5, and lived with both Type 2 diabetes and asthma — two conditions that make COVID-19 and smoke more dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His wife of 46 years, Eudelia, remembers Adrian struggling to breathe on heavy smoke days last summer and fall. He felt “like he was drowning” because of his asthma, she said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very difficult for us to recover. The pain is always going to be there,” said Eudelia, 68, who believes the smoke pollution harmed her husband’s health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, if the smoke impacts people who are healthy, can you imagine what it does to those who are already sick?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the worst of last year’s wildfire season, between mid-August and mid-October, 162 people in Alameda County died from the coronavirus, according to an analysis of county records by the \u003ca href=\"https://documentingcovid19.io/\">Documenting COVID-19 project\u003c/a> from the Brown Institute for Media Innovation, a collaboration between Columbia and Stanford universities, in collaboration with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County medical examiner data, which includes the occupation of those who died, shows that nearly all of the deceased under age 65 were in frontline jobs, including janitors, delivery drivers, caregivers and construction workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11885028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11885028 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1329\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS49775_018_Oakland_MaribelVillanueva_06102021-1-1536x1063.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susana Villanueva at home in Oakland with Maribel’s son David Lara, 11. After Maribel’s death last fall, Susana and her husband took custody of David. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Air pollution as environmental justice issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To protect themselves, people should avoid smoke as much as possible and wear N95 masks when they venture outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside buildings, using central air conditioning or \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/list-carb-certified-air-cleaning-devices\">air cleaners\u003c/a> cuts down particulate matter, said Amy MacPherson, a spokesperson with the California Air Resources Board, or CARB, which is tasked with protecting the public from air pollution.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The single most effective way to protect yourself from wildfire smoke is to stay indoors, with windows and doors shut,” said MacPherson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But avoiding smoke is often unrealistic for millions of people who work outside the home and toil outdoors in industries such as construction or agriculture, or who rely on public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These workers often live in lower-income communities of color, in older homes that lack air purifiers and that smoke can easily penetrate, said Balmes, the UCSF physician who has researched the impacts of air pollution on lung health for nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that those same communities, with less access to medical care or healthy foods, also suffer disproportionately from chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes that can worsen COVID-19 symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exposure to air pollution in general and wildfire smoke in particular, tends to be greater for low-income people of color, but then they’re also at greater risk for COVID-19,” said Balmes. “So it’s an environmental justice issue that our society should be dealing with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments should do more to provide free N95 masks and portable air filters to lower-wage families, especially essential workers, said Balmes, who was first appointed as a member of CARB by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is planning to provide \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/wildfire-smoke-clean-air-center-grant/about\">$5 million\u003c/a> in the next few months to local communities to upgrade ventilation systems and purchase portable air cleaners. The goal is to set up a “network of clean air centers” to help vulnerable populations get relief from the smoke, said CARB spokesperson MacPherson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/news-and-events/page-resources/2021-news/081021-ramp\">announced\u003c/a> it will offer portable air filtration units to about 2,000 lower-income residents diagnosed with asthma, and who are particularly at risk from the pollution expected this wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2419?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Wildfire+smoke+emergency+of+2021%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=1\">bill\u003c/a> introduced last month by California and Oregon senators would allow the president to declare a “smoke emergency” and direct funds, equipment, personnel and other resources to set up smoke shelters, air purifiers and air monitors in affected communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families of both Adrian Sanchez and Maribel Villanueva, the day care worker, said they didn’t have an air purifier at home or N95 masks to wear when they went outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Maribel’s funeral, her sister Susana took custody of Maribel’s young son. The family gathered during his 11th birthday celebration at Susana’s home. But as he stared at his red velvet cake, the boy looked like he was going to cry, missing his mom, said Susana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell him, ‘I will never be able to replace your mom, but I’m here. We love you. I want you to know that we care for you,”’ she said. “So just taking it one day at a time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:50 p.m. Wednesday, Aug. 11, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration said Wednesday it’s working closely with the FBI to investigate a drone flight that interfered with Cal Fire aircraft during the first hours of the agency’s fight to control the Dixie Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA’s announcement came in a one-sentence emailed statement. An agency spokesperson referred questions to the FBI’s Sacramento field office, which didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment on the scope of the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte County District Attorney Mike Ramsey, who is leading a probe into the fire, said his office reached out to the FBI soon after the July 13 incident. He said investigators have been taking advantage of FBI technology — what he called “trick resources” — to try to identify the drone and its operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11884337,news_11881837]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/49/46320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Federal law\u003c/a> provides for a civil penalty of as much as $20,000 for any drone operator who “knowingly or recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort.” \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=402.&nodeTreePath=4.9&lawCode=PEN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> makes it a misdemeanor for a drone operator to interfere with emergency responders, including firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 13, a Cal Fire pilot observed a drone over the fire, just hours after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11881837/why-it-took-pge-9-5-hours-to-get-to-the-scene-where-dixie-fire-started\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it started\u003c/a> in the Feather River Canyon northeast of Oroville. The drone appeared as the agency’s air tankers and a water-dropping helicopter worked to extinguish the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsey, who’s leading a local law enforcement investigation of the incident, has said interference from the drone may have prevented the fire from being contained when it was still a minor incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze escaped control and over the past four weeks has burned through more than a half-million acres of northern Sierra forest and destroyed the Plumas County town of Greenville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire units conducted a brief, unsuccessful search for the drone operator after the remotely operated aircraft was seen near the fire. The fire agency also alerted the sheriffs’ offices in Butte and Plumas counties and the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED reported earlier this week, Ramsey’s office \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884337/investigators-probing-pges-possible-link-to-fateful-dixie-fire-drone-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is investigating\u003c/a> whether the drone was operated by PG&E or one of its contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, U.S. District Judge William Alsup in San Francisco has ordered the company to say what it knows about drone flights in the area of the fire. Alsup is overseeing PG&E’s criminal probation for violating federal pipeline safety laws and obstructing a National Transportation Safety Board investigation into the company’s deadly 2010 San Bruno natural gas pipeline explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says no drones authorized to do work for the company were operating in Butte and Plumas counties at the time of the incursion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire and the district attorneys’ offices in Butte and Plumas counties are investigating what started the Dixie Fire. PG&E has acknowledged in filings with the California Public Utilities Commission and Judge Alsup’s court that the blaze started at a site where a 70-foot Douglas-fir had fallen across its power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:50 p.m. Wednesday, Aug. 11, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration said Wednesday it’s working closely with the FBI to investigate a drone flight that interfered with Cal Fire aircraft during the first hours of the agency’s fight to control the Dixie Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA’s announcement came in a one-sentence emailed statement. An agency spokesperson referred questions to the FBI’s Sacramento field office, which didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment on the scope of the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte County District Attorney Mike Ramsey, who is leading a probe into the fire, said his office reached out to the FBI soon after the July 13 incident. He said investigators have been taking advantage of FBI technology — what he called “trick resources” — to try to identify the drone and its operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/49/46320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Federal law\u003c/a> provides for a civil penalty of as much as $20,000 for any drone operator who “knowingly or recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort.” \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=402.&nodeTreePath=4.9&lawCode=PEN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> makes it a misdemeanor for a drone operator to interfere with emergency responders, including firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 13, a Cal Fire pilot observed a drone over the fire, just hours after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11881837/why-it-took-pge-9-5-hours-to-get-to-the-scene-where-dixie-fire-started\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it started\u003c/a> in the Feather River Canyon northeast of Oroville. The drone appeared as the agency’s air tankers and a water-dropping helicopter worked to extinguish the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramsey, who’s leading a local law enforcement investigation of the incident, has said interference from the drone may have prevented the fire from being contained when it was still a minor incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze escaped control and over the past four weeks has burned through more than a half-million acres of northern Sierra forest and destroyed the Plumas County town of Greenville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire units conducted a brief, unsuccessful search for the drone operator after the remotely operated aircraft was seen near the fire. The fire agency also alerted the sheriffs’ offices in Butte and Plumas counties and the California Highway Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As KQED reported earlier this week, Ramsey’s office \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884337/investigators-probing-pges-possible-link-to-fateful-dixie-fire-drone-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is investigating\u003c/a> whether the drone was operated by PG&E or one of its contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, U.S. District Judge William Alsup in San Francisco has ordered the company to say what it knows about drone flights in the area of the fire. Alsup is overseeing PG&E’s criminal probation for violating federal pipeline safety laws and obstructing a National Transportation Safety Board investigation into the company’s deadly 2010 San Bruno natural gas pipeline explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says no drones authorized to do work for the company were operating in Butte and Plumas counties at the time of the incursion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire and the district attorneys’ offices in Butte and Plumas counties are investigating what started the Dixie Fire. PG&E has acknowledged in filings with the California Public Utilities Commission and Judge Alsup’s court that the blaze started at a site where a 70-foot Douglas-fir had fallen across its power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
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