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"content": "\u003cp>BOSTON — Four parents from California have pleaded guilty in the college admissions bribery scandal, and a Texas man accused of helping to orchestrate the scheme has also agreed to a plea deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Douglas Hodge of Laguna Beach entered his guilty plea in Boston's federal court Monday after previously pleading not guilty in April. Also reversing their pleas on Monday were parents Michelle Janavs of Newport Coast, and Manuel and Elizabeth Henriquez of Atherton. Each faces charges of fraud and money laundering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Fox, the president of a private tennis club in Houston, also agreed to plead guilty in a deal that prosecutors announced Monday. He is charged with a single count of racketeering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say Fox brokered bribes to help wealthy parents cheat on their children's college entrance exams at a Houston testing site. He's also accused of arranging bribes to get two students admitted to the University of San Diego as recruited athletes, and one student to the University of Texas. He will return the $245,000 he received through the scheme, according to his plea deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four parents join 15 others who have pleaded guilty in the case, while 15 other parents are fighting the charges. Out of 10 parents sentenced so far, nine have been dealt prison time, with terms ranging from two weeks to five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodge was accused of paying more than $500,000 in bribes to get two of his children into the University of Southern California. Authorities say he paid $200,000 to get his daughter admitted as a soccer recruit in 2013, and $325,000 to get his son in as a football recruit in 2015. Neither played on those sports teams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='college-admissions-scandal' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hodge, a former CEO of the Pacific Investment Management Co., is scheduled to be sentenced in January 2020. He apologized in a statement Monday, saying he takes full responsibility for his conduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have always prided myself on leading by example, and I am ashamed of the decisions I made,\" he said. \"I acted out of love for my children, but I know that this explanation for my actions is not an excuse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janavs is accused of paying $400,000 to get her son admitted to Georgetown University as a fake tennis recruit in 2017. She separately paid $100,000 to help two of her daughters cheat on the ACT exam in 2017 and 2019, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janavs is a former executive of Chef America Inc., a food producer that created the Hot Pocket frozen snack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manuel and Elizabeth Henriquez are accused of paying $400,000 in bribes to get their oldest daughter into Georgetown as a fake tennis recruit in 2016. They're also accused of paying to help two of their daughters cheat on college entrance exams a total of four times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manuel Henriquez is the founder and former CEO of Hercules Capital, a finance firm in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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In addition to collecting that information, the new survey would also track whether a staff member was found responsible, and whether they were reassigned, dismissed or allowed to retire \"prior to final discipline or termination.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department says its reason for adding questions on this topic is \"to ensure it has sufficient data to address rape or attempted rape, and sexual assault cases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CRDC also already records allegations of bullying and harassment on the basis of religion, but this year's proposed change would break down religiously based bullying into 14 different subgroups, the same ones listed in the \u003ca href=\"https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime-data-collection-guidelines-and-training-manual.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FBI's hate crime data collection handbook\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department noted that in the 2015-16 data collection, about 8 percent of reported bullying and harassment was based on religion. Breaking down that bullying by religion \"could potentially allow OCR to provide technical assistance where there are patterns of conduct, especially where ethnic or ancestral harassment is combined with directed religious discrimination,\" the department said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What could go away\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The OCR proposed retiring over half the survey questions around early childhood education, including the costs of public preschool, the amount of time students spend in preschool, and information about the student populations served. The change would also remove the requirement that respondents break down preschool enrollment by race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers worry that this will prevent them from tracking racial disparities in areas like school discipline. The 2013-14 CRDC data, for example, found that black preschool students received one or more out-of-school suspensions at \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/09/28/495488716/bias-isnt-just-a-police-problem-its-a-preschool-problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3.6 times the rate of their white counterparts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposed new survey, schools would still provide information about the racial makeup of pre-K students who get suspended, but it would no longer be possible for researchers to see whether that percentage is proportional to the number of students enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='education' label='More Coverage.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In published comments, the Education Department said this change and others stem from a desire to reduce the paperwork burden on schools and school districts around the country. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/DownloadDocument?objectID=49642801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 report, \u003c/a>commissioned to improve the CRDC as a whole, noted that in previous data collections, districts had experienced \"unacceptable levels of reporting burden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Officials at the Department declined to be interviewed for this story because the proposals are still subject to change.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates and researchers have sharply criticized the proposal to remove these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ary Amerikaner, the vice president for P-12 policy, practice and research at the Education Trust, said eliminating the ability to track suspension data is a huge loss. She noted that her group opposes any form of suspensions for preschoolers, and said the fact that those suspensions disproportionately affect black students is \"extremely problematic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government is also proposing to remove the school-finance portion of its data set. The CRDC previously required schools to report the number of full-time personnel, their salaries and the amount of non-personnel expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department says the move is in response to concerns from schools and districts about the difficulty of reporting such data and about the accuracy of self-reported data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amerikaner worries about these changes, too. It matters, she said, because CRDC data can show how funds are distributed \u003cem>within\u003c/em> a district, and whether certain schools are receiving disproportionately less funding. \"It would be a huge loss for us, as advocates and researchers, if they went away,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its efforts to reduce the paperwork burden on schools, the OCR also wants to stop tracking the number of first- and second-year teachers in classrooms, as well as information about teacher absenteeism. This, too, raises concerns from some researchers that a key data point, that can highlight inequities in the quality of teaching that students receive, would be eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's staying the same\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One thing the OCR hasn't proposed changing is a question about school-related shootings that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/08/27/640323347/the-school-shootings-that-werent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an NPR investigation\u003c/a> found last year, was wildly inaccurate. Our reporting found that more than two-thirds of the \"incidents\" that schools reported as shootings in the 2015-16 CRDC never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The errors stemmed from several reasons, including confusion about the phrasing of some questions, the definition of a shooting-related incident, and the fact that schools are required to report similar information to other government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alexis Marshall is an intern on NPR's Education Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Key+Changes+Would+Alter+The+Government%27s+Massive+Survey+On+Schools+And+Civil+Rights+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Department of Education has proposed several key changes to its massive survey that collects data from the nation's public schools on a wide range of civil rights issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the changes, the 2019-2020 version of the Civil Rights Data Collection would remove questions that focus on preschool and school finance. The proposals would also add in more questions about sexual assault and bullying based on religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CRDC, as it's known, is a massive trove of self-reported information published every two years by the Education Department's Office for Civil Rights. The data collected is used by the department, education researchers, policymakers and scholars from many fields. Every public school in the country is required to participate, and the government gets data from nearly all of them: more than 96,000 in 2015-16, from around 17,000 school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals for the upcoming survey, which will gather data from this school year, are still under review. The public comment period ends Nov. 18, and the department said the earliest that these proposals could go into effect is 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the proposed changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's being added\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the CRDC previously compiled information about the number of sexual assaults reported at schools, it didn't distinguish whether those incidents were committed by students or school staff. In addition to collecting that information, the new survey would also track whether a staff member was found responsible, and whether they were reassigned, dismissed or allowed to retire \"prior to final discipline or termination.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department says its reason for adding questions on this topic is \"to ensure it has sufficient data to address rape or attempted rape, and sexual assault cases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CRDC also already records allegations of bullying and harassment on the basis of religion, but this year's proposed change would break down religiously based bullying into 14 different subgroups, the same ones listed in the \u003ca href=\"https://ucr.fbi.gov/hate-crime-data-collection-guidelines-and-training-manual.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FBI's hate crime data collection handbook\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department noted that in the 2015-16 data collection, about 8 percent of reported bullying and harassment was based on religion. Breaking down that bullying by religion \"could potentially allow OCR to provide technical assistance where there are patterns of conduct, especially where ethnic or ancestral harassment is combined with directed religious discrimination,\" the department said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What could go away\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The OCR proposed retiring over half the survey questions around early childhood education, including the costs of public preschool, the amount of time students spend in preschool, and information about the student populations served. The change would also remove the requirement that respondents break down preschool enrollment by race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers worry that this will prevent them from tracking racial disparities in areas like school discipline. The 2013-14 CRDC data, for example, found that black preschool students received one or more out-of-school suspensions at \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/09/28/495488716/bias-isnt-just-a-police-problem-its-a-preschool-problem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3.6 times the rate of their white counterparts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposed new survey, schools would still provide information about the racial makeup of pre-K students who get suspended, but it would no longer be possible for researchers to see whether that percentage is proportional to the number of students enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In published comments, the Education Department said this change and others stem from a desire to reduce the paperwork burden on schools and school districts around the country. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/DownloadDocument?objectID=49642801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 report, \u003c/a>commissioned to improve the CRDC as a whole, noted that in previous data collections, districts had experienced \"unacceptable levels of reporting burden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Officials at the Department declined to be interviewed for this story because the proposals are still subject to change.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates and researchers have sharply criticized the proposal to remove these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ary Amerikaner, the vice president for P-12 policy, practice and research at the Education Trust, said eliminating the ability to track suspension data is a huge loss. She noted that her group opposes any form of suspensions for preschoolers, and said the fact that those suspensions disproportionately affect black students is \"extremely problematic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government is also proposing to remove the school-finance portion of its data set. The CRDC previously required schools to report the number of full-time personnel, their salaries and the amount of non-personnel expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department says the move is in response to concerns from schools and districts about the difficulty of reporting such data and about the accuracy of self-reported data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amerikaner worries about these changes, too. It matters, she said, because CRDC data can show how funds are distributed \u003cem>within\u003c/em> a district, and whether certain schools are receiving disproportionately less funding. \"It would be a huge loss for us, as advocates and researchers, if they went away,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its efforts to reduce the paperwork burden on schools, the OCR also wants to stop tracking the number of first- and second-year teachers in classrooms, as well as information about teacher absenteeism. This, too, raises concerns from some researchers that a key data point, that can highlight inequities in the quality of teaching that students receive, would be eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's staying the same\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One thing the OCR hasn't proposed changing is a question about school-related shootings that, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/08/27/640323347/the-school-shootings-that-werent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an NPR investigation\u003c/a> found last year, was wildly inaccurate. Our reporting found that more than two-thirds of the \"incidents\" that schools reported as shootings in the 2015-16 CRDC never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The errors stemmed from several reasons, including confusion about the phrasing of some questions, the definition of a shooting-related incident, and the fact that schools are required to report similar information to other government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alexis Marshall is an intern on NPR's Education Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Key+Changes+Would+Alter+The+Government%27s+Massive+Survey+On+Schools+And+Civil+Rights+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why CA Didn’t Overhaul Student Aid This Year — but Could Soon",
"title": "Why CA Didn’t Overhaul Student Aid This Year — but Could Soon",
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"content": "\u003cp>It has long been a refrain among California students struggling to pay for housing, food and textbooks: There’s more to the high cost of college than tuition. Early this year, as state lawmakers convened, hopes were high that finally, California was listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moved by reports of homelessness, food insecurity and consumer ripoffs on campus — and encouraged by a budget surplus and a new governor who’d talked often about the cost of education — legislators introduced a volley of proposals to help feed, house and protect students. At least two would have massively expanded state coverage of students’ costs of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been 20 years since we’ve had real change in the Cal Grant,” Assembly member Jose Medina, the sponsor of one of the measures, said at the time, referring to the state’s financial aid program, and calling an expansion “overdue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Assemblyman Marc Berman']'But if we look at [helping homeless students] as, ‘This is what needs to happen to generate the graduates that our economy needs in the future,’ then this isn’t like a welfare program, this is really an investment in California’s economy.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the legislative session wound down and Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a last flurry of bills this past weekend, Medina’s proposal and most others designed to tackle the cost of college had stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 11 bills that CalMatters collaborated with student journalists to follow in our \u003ca href=\"https://projects.calmatters.org/2019/college-affordability-bill-tracker-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">college affordability legislative tracker\u003c/a>, only two were passed, signed and enacted — one to gather data on gainful employment among graduates of for-profit colleges, the other to modestly expand “free” community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://projects.calmatters.org/2019/college-affordability-bill-tracker-2019/embed.html?initialWidth=788&childId=pymContainer&parentTitle=Cal%20Grant%20expansion%20tops%20list%20of%20college%20affordability%20bills%3A%20Track%20them%20here%20%7C%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Feducation%2F2019%2F05%2Fcalifornia-college-affordability-bill-tracker%2F\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This tracker is part of the Cost of College project, a collaboration between CALmatters and student journalists to cover college affordability around the state. Reporting by Vrinda Chauhan, Ethan Coston, Aidan McGloin and Felicia Mello. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not to say that nothing got done. Students with children will see their maximum Cal Grant award nearly quadruple this year to $6,000, first-time community college students can now attend tuition-free for two years if they go full-time, and campuses are receiving their largest-ever state appropriation to tackle hunger and homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All are a result of the 2019-2020 \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2019/06/california-state-budget-gavin-newsom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget\u003c/a> lawmakers agreed to in June, which also boosted the number of scholarships in the competitive Cal Grant program that serves students who take time off between graduating high school and returning to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Student Association President Varsha Sarveshwar called the student lobbying that led to the changes “pretty successful” but said she’s “hoping everyone can come together [next year] on a solution that better addresses the total cost of attendance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes will affect a small percentage of California’s more than three million students. The 15,000 new competitive Cal Grants, for example, pale in comparison to the more than 400,000 qualified applicants who were \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-cost-of-college-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shut out\u003c/a> of the program last year. But the governor’s senior policy advisor on higher education, Lande Ajose, described the new funding as a downpayment on a larger investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Governor Newsom, frankly, made a campaign promise around the total cost of attendance being vitally important for California students to be able to afford to go to college,” Ajose said. “Having said that, the governor is also incredibly disciplined about the budget, about not wanting to overpromise and underdeliver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Lande Ajose, Senior Policy Advisor for Higher Education at Office of Governor Gavin Newsom']Governor Newsom, frankly, made a campaign promise around the total cost of attendance being vitally important for California students to be able to afford to go to college. Having said that, the governor is also incredibly disciplined about the budget, about not wanting to overpromise and underdeliver.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several higher education advocates said they saw 2019 as a banner year in which passionate testimonies of students whose financial stresses were affecting their education penetrated the sometimes insular bubble of capitol policy discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Financial aid policy debates are big debates and the details can be thorny,” said Debbie Cochrane, executive vice president at The Institute for College Access and Success (TICAS.) “The fact that they didn’t all get sorted out is not my takeaway. My takeaway is the fact that multiple proposals got introduced, because that shows the level of commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Medina and the author of another proposal to increase financial aid for community college students, Senator Connie Leyva, have vowed to continue moving their bills forward, and potentially reworking them, next session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost estimates are daunting — about $2 billion for Medina’s bill, a 100% increase in the state’s Cal Grant budget — but doubling state investment in financial aid is not unprecedented, said Jacob Jackson, a research fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Grants are tied to tuition, and when tuition increased during the great recession, our Cal Grant costs actually doubled over 10 years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some legislators put their ideas to tackle college costs on pause after the budget was signed. Senator Richard Roth had argued that offering Cal Grants for summer sessions would help low-income students graduate faster. The state gave the University of California and California State University a total of $10 million to experiment with waiving summer tuition for some students this year, and Roth parked his bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sarveshwar said UCSA would continue lobbying for all students to be entitled to the summer grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost wasn’t the only challenge. When Assemblyman Marc Berman proposed requiring community colleges to keep parking lots open overnight so homeless students could sleep there, the idea drew national attention, in part as a symbol of California’s bonkers housing crisis. But it was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2019/09/homeless-students-parking-lots-community-college-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quashed\u003c/a> after a Senate committee added amendments that Berman said weakened the bill, and he withdrew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said he blamed himself for underestimating the cost of securing the lots. But community colleges also seemed to resent the prospect of the state telling them how to solve their students’ housing problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> [aside tag='college' label='RELATED STORIES']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What about giving our homeless students referrals to county and social service providers…emergency grants, and student success programs ensuring students enter the workforce and make a living wage?” Fresno City College President Carole Goldsmith wrote in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article232609642.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opinion piece\u003c/a> for The Fresno Bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clash also shows the need for a paradigm shift in how California colleges view their responsibilities to students, Berman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forever, colleges and universities have just seen their role as educating students, and in an ideal world, that would be all they’d have to do,” he said. “But if we look at [helping homeless students] as, ‘This is what needs to happen to generate the graduates that our economy needs in the future,’ then this isn’t like a welfare program, this is really an investment in California’s economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That view seems to be gaining ground among the Legislature’s Democratic majority, but lawmakers still face tough questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them: whether to prioritize extending state financial aid to categories of students who are currently shut out, or increasing grants for those who already get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill that passed this year focused on an especially vulnerable group of students: those who attend for-profit colleges. Authored by Assemblyman David Chiu, it will monitor whether graduates of the schools — who statistically have been more likely to default on their loans than those at public and non-profit universities — are earning enough to pay back their debts. Originally meant to penalize schools who failed that test, it was scaled back after\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2019/09/what-happened-california-crackdown-for-profit-colleges/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> intense lobbying\u003c/a> from the for-profit college industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the ink barely dry on this year’s legislation, conversations about next year’s higher ed budgeting are already beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Merced Interim Chancellor Nathan Brostrom said he’d like to see the state provide more financial support next year to students who are transitioning out of the foster care system. “They’re basically graduating from the program at 18 and don’t have anywhere to go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC also is considering a new \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2019/uc-studies-ways-to-increase-tuition-but-with-a-price-freeze-guarantee/615134\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cohort-based tuition system\u003c/a> that would freeze fees for current students for up to six years, combined with increases as new classes enter. It could help families plan their budgets but is controversial because it assumes tuition will go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, survey results from the state’s student aid commission show that California students are spending about\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2019/09/california-college-costs-tuition-housing-textbooks-food-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> $2,000 per month\u003c/a> on non-tuition costs, with more than 30% saying they didn’t have enough money to pay for housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, TICAS released a \u003ca href=\"https://ticas.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/charting-the-course.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> on reforming state financial aid that urged California to extend Cal Grant entitlements to all students regardless of age or time out of high school. It also called for capping student work hours at 15 per week when calculating how much they can be expected to contribute to the cost of their education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What works better for students is to think about what’s affordable for students, not just what’s affordable for the state,” Cochrane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It has long been a refrain among California students struggling to pay for housing, food and textbooks: There’s more to the high cost of college than tuition. Early this year, as state lawmakers convened, hopes were high that finally, California was listening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moved by reports of homelessness, food insecurity and consumer ripoffs on campus — and encouraged by a budget surplus and a new governor who’d talked often about the cost of education — legislators introduced a volley of proposals to help feed, house and protect students. At least two would have massively expanded state coverage of students’ costs of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been 20 years since we’ve had real change in the Cal Grant,” Assembly member Jose Medina, the sponsor of one of the measures, said at the time, referring to the state’s financial aid program, and calling an expansion “overdue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the legislative session wound down and Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a last flurry of bills this past weekend, Medina’s proposal and most others designed to tackle the cost of college had stalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 11 bills that CalMatters collaborated with student journalists to follow in our \u003ca href=\"https://projects.calmatters.org/2019/college-affordability-bill-tracker-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">college affordability legislative tracker\u003c/a>, only two were passed, signed and enacted — one to gather data on gainful employment among graduates of for-profit colleges, the other to modestly expand “free” community college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://projects.calmatters.org/2019/college-affordability-bill-tracker-2019/embed.html?initialWidth=788&childId=pymContainer&parentTitle=Cal%20Grant%20expansion%20tops%20list%20of%20college%20affordability%20bills%3A%20Track%20them%20here%20%7C%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Feducation%2F2019%2F05%2Fcalifornia-college-affordability-bill-tracker%2F\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This tracker is part of the Cost of College project, a collaboration between CALmatters and student journalists to cover college affordability around the state. Reporting by Vrinda Chauhan, Ethan Coston, Aidan McGloin and Felicia Mello. This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not to say that nothing got done. Students with children will see their maximum Cal Grant award nearly quadruple this year to $6,000, first-time community college students can now attend tuition-free for two years if they go full-time, and campuses are receiving their largest-ever state appropriation to tackle hunger and homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All are a result of the 2019-2020 \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2019/06/california-state-budget-gavin-newsom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget\u003c/a> lawmakers agreed to in June, which also boosted the number of scholarships in the competitive Cal Grant program that serves students who take time off between graduating high school and returning to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Student Association President Varsha Sarveshwar called the student lobbying that led to the changes “pretty successful” but said she’s “hoping everyone can come together [next year] on a solution that better addresses the total cost of attendance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes will affect a small percentage of California’s more than three million students. The 15,000 new competitive Cal Grants, for example, pale in comparison to the more than 400,000 qualified applicants who were \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-cost-of-college-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shut out\u003c/a> of the program last year. But the governor’s senior policy advisor on higher education, Lande Ajose, described the new funding as a downpayment on a larger investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Governor Newsom, frankly, made a campaign promise around the total cost of attendance being vitally important for California students to be able to afford to go to college,” Ajose said. “Having said that, the governor is also incredibly disciplined about the budget, about not wanting to overpromise and underdeliver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several higher education advocates said they saw 2019 as a banner year in which passionate testimonies of students whose financial stresses were affecting their education penetrated the sometimes insular bubble of capitol policy discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Financial aid policy debates are big debates and the details can be thorny,” said Debbie Cochrane, executive vice president at The Institute for College Access and Success (TICAS.) “The fact that they didn’t all get sorted out is not my takeaway. My takeaway is the fact that multiple proposals got introduced, because that shows the level of commitment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Medina and the author of another proposal to increase financial aid for community college students, Senator Connie Leyva, have vowed to continue moving their bills forward, and potentially reworking them, next session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost estimates are daunting — about $2 billion for Medina’s bill, a 100% increase in the state’s Cal Grant budget — but doubling state investment in financial aid is not unprecedented, said Jacob Jackson, a research fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Grants are tied to tuition, and when tuition increased during the great recession, our Cal Grant costs actually doubled over 10 years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some legislators put their ideas to tackle college costs on pause after the budget was signed. Senator Richard Roth had argued that offering Cal Grants for summer sessions would help low-income students graduate faster. The state gave the University of California and California State University a total of $10 million to experiment with waiving summer tuition for some students this year, and Roth parked his bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sarveshwar said UCSA would continue lobbying for all students to be entitled to the summer grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost wasn’t the only challenge. When Assemblyman Marc Berman proposed requiring community colleges to keep parking lots open overnight so homeless students could sleep there, the idea drew national attention, in part as a symbol of California’s bonkers housing crisis. But it was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2019/09/homeless-students-parking-lots-community-college-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quashed\u003c/a> after a Senate committee added amendments that Berman said weakened the bill, and he withdrew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said he blamed himself for underestimating the cost of securing the lots. But community colleges also seemed to resent the prospect of the state telling them how to solve their students’ housing problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What about giving our homeless students referrals to county and social service providers…emergency grants, and student success programs ensuring students enter the workforce and make a living wage?” Fresno City College President Carole Goldsmith wrote in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/readers-opinion/article232609642.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opinion piece\u003c/a> for The Fresno Bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clash also shows the need for a paradigm shift in how California colleges view their responsibilities to students, Berman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Forever, colleges and universities have just seen their role as educating students, and in an ideal world, that would be all they’d have to do,” he said. “But if we look at [helping homeless students] as, ‘This is what needs to happen to generate the graduates that our economy needs in the future,’ then this isn’t like a welfare program, this is really an investment in California’s economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That view seems to be gaining ground among the Legislature’s Democratic majority, but lawmakers still face tough questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them: whether to prioritize extending state financial aid to categories of students who are currently shut out, or increasing grants for those who already get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One bill that passed this year focused on an especially vulnerable group of students: those who attend for-profit colleges. Authored by Assemblyman David Chiu, it will monitor whether graduates of the schools — who statistically have been more likely to default on their loans than those at public and non-profit universities — are earning enough to pay back their debts. Originally meant to penalize schools who failed that test, it was scaled back after\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2019/09/what-happened-california-crackdown-for-profit-colleges/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> intense lobbying\u003c/a> from the for-profit college industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the ink barely dry on this year’s legislation, conversations about next year’s higher ed budgeting are already beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Merced Interim Chancellor Nathan Brostrom said he’d like to see the state provide more financial support next year to students who are transitioning out of the foster care system. “They’re basically graduating from the program at 18 and don’t have anywhere to go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC also is considering a new \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2019/uc-studies-ways-to-increase-tuition-but-with-a-price-freeze-guarantee/615134\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cohort-based tuition system\u003c/a> that would freeze fees for current students for up to six years, combined with increases as new classes enter. It could help families plan their budgets but is controversial because it assumes tuition will go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, survey results from the state’s student aid commission show that California students are spending about\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2019/09/california-college-costs-tuition-housing-textbooks-food-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> $2,000 per month\u003c/a> on non-tuition costs, with more than 30% saying they didn’t have enough money to pay for housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, TICAS released a \u003ca href=\"https://ticas.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/charting-the-course.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> on reforming state financial aid that urged California to extend Cal Grant entitlements to all students regardless of age or time out of high school. It also called for capping student work hours at 15 per week when calculating how much they can be expected to contribute to the cost of their education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What works better for students is to think about what’s affordable for students, not just what’s affordable for the state,” Cochrane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone says education is key to your success, a ticket to your future. But what happens if you take a test as a kid, and your school looks at the results and tells you that you’ll never amount to much? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To top it off, you’re put in classes that barely teach you any academics. That’s how special education used to work in California public schools. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your fate pretty much came down to your IQ score. And if you were African American, you were more likely to score lower than other kids, and to wind up in dead-end classes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That question was at the heart of a game-changing trial. And it led to a statewide ban on IQ testing of black students back in 1979. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge concluded the tests were culturally biased — they tested knowledge that white kids were more likely to be taught at school or at home. They didn’t test some innate capacity to learn. That ban on IQ testing of black students for placement in special education is still around. California is the only state that has a ban like that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s named after a landmark case, known as Larry P. Forty years after that ruling, reporter Lee Romney tracked down the real Larry P. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, the man behind the case has plenty to teach us about what is still broken for black students in special education today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"slug": "a-landmark-lawsuit-aimed-to-fix-special-ed-for-californias-black-students-it-didnt",
"title": "A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California's Black Students. It Didn’t.",
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"headTitle": "A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California’s Black Students. It Didn’t. | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Darryl Lester was at his mom’s place in Tacoma, Washington, when a letter he’d been waiting for arrived in the mail. At 40, he was destitute, in pain and out of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Darryl Lester, lead plaintiff in landmark special education lawsuit in California']‘My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.’[/pullquote]The letter delivered good news: Lester would be getting disability benefits after blowing out his back in a sheet metal accident. But he crumpled it up and threw it in the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Because he couldn’t read it. From first through seventh grades, Lester had attended three public schools in San Francisco. At each, he struggled with reading and didn’t get the help he needed for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What he didn’t know until last year: His reading difficulties had made him the lead plaintiff — under the pseudonym Larry P. — in a landmark lawsuit that changed special education for black students across California. October marks the 40th anniversary of the judge’s ruling, which was supposed to help fix a system he had deemed discriminatory. But many educators, black parents and advocates for black students say plenty remains broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Educable Mentally Retarded’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Larry P. case, California education code \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required\u003c/a> school districts to use IQ scores when assessing students for special education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the test results, black students statewide — young Darryl included — wound up categorized as “educable mentally retarded” at disproportionate rates: 27% labeled that way in 1968 were black — even though black students made up less than 9% of the student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year, a group of black psychologists broke off from the American Psychological Association in protest over black community concerns that they believed the larger organization was too slow to address. Their top priority was to stop districts from using IQ tests, which they thought were culturally biased, to decide who belonged in special education, said one of the breakaway group’s founders, Harold Dent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area chapter of the Association of Black Psychologists learned of complaints from black parents in San Francisco, they teamed up with civil rights lawyers and sued in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a group, African Americans across the country scored lower on IQ tests. The \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> alleged that was because the tests were biased toward Eurocentric culture. Questions like, ”Who wrote Romeo and Juliet,” they argued, didn’t assess a student’s innate capacity to learn. It tested knowledge that some – and not others — had acquired at home or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Robert Peckham agreed, calling the tests “racially and culturally biased” and “discriminatory.” He ordered a permanent ban on IQ testing of black students across California for purposes of special education placement. Today, California is the only state that has such a ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students who landed in classes for the “educable mentally retarded,” Peckham wrote, were doomed to fall “farther and farther behind,” because — instead of academics — the classes emphasized “personal hygiene and grooming” and “basic home and community living skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darryl Lester remembers those classes: lots of recess time and plenty of field trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked to school and cried all the way,” he said. “I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The District Labeled Her Son Mentally Retarded — and Didn’t Tell Her\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester and his mom and older brothers moved from Marietta, Georgia, to San Francisco in 1965, he said, because “she didn’t want to find us dead one day hanging by a tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Darryl Lester, lead plaintiff in landmark special education lawsuit in California']‘I walked to school and cried all the way. I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.’[/pullquote]Their first home was a Victorian in the Fillmore District. Lester said he learned his way around the “gorgeous” city by bus and bicycle. Life was pretty good, except in school. Although he was “very good at math,” Lester said, he had a hard time with reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he remembers a teacher telling him he was looking at words backwards as he sought to pronounce them. People with dyslexia see words the same way as everyone else — but have a neurobiological language processing disorder that’s often responsive to intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Lester has dyslexia is unclear. What is clear is that instead of getting help with his reading, he got teased, into fights and suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would get frustrated, agitated, upset, and then I’d get sent to the principal’s office,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester’s mom, Lucille Lester, didn’t learn that the school district had labeled her son “mentally retarded” until one of the black psychologists visited their home to evaluate Darryl and go through some tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After he talked to Darryl, he turns to me and says, ‘Well, there is nothing wrong with this child,’ ” she testified in court in 1977.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, she said, is when he told her what kind of classes Darryl had been attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Naturally I didn’t feel good about it, and I got angry about it,” she told the court. “This is when I really found out what was really going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not long after, Lucille Lester packed up the family and headed to Tacoma, where an older son was serving on a nearby military base. There, Darryl continued to struggle, because as Judge Peckham had predicted, he had fallen behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His new high school placed him in a half-day special education program. The other half, he spent at Safeway. Every morning, Lester said, he reported at 7:30 a.m. to the grocery store, where he worked for high school credits — but no pay — until 11 a.m. before attending a few classes in the back of the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his family protested, the school put him in with the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried hard, going to “summer school, night classes, hardly getting any sleep,” but fell two credits short of a high school diploma, Lester said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, Lester, now 60, can barely read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester knew he was part of a lawsuit. His mom had joined it on his behalf in 1971 — the year it was filed and when the family moved to Tacoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until a reporter tracked him down last year, he never knew his pseudonym was “Larry P.” And he knew nothing of the ruling’s lasting impact on California schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1977 trip to the courthouse, Lester, then 18, recalled: “I asked my momma, ‘Are we done?’ And she said, ‘Yes son, we done.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They never spoke of it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1200x708.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system. \u003ccite>(Joe Goyos/Support for Families of Children With Disabilities)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special Education Today\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. judge made California school districts reassess all black students who’d been designated “educable mentally retarded” — without IQ tests — and the numbers dropped. He banned the use of the tests specifically for black students. In time, more subtle special education categories replaced the old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the judge ruled in 1979, a new \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal law\u003c/a> enacted in 1975 guaranteed students with disabilities equal access to public education. Today, each special education student gets an Individualized Education Program, or IEP, which spells out their struggles and the support they’ll get at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jean Robertson, chief of special education services for San Francisco Unified School District, on deciding who belongs in special education and who requires other types of support']‘That’s the crux of my tension in this work. That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.’[/pullquote]But \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/LEA-racial-ethnic-disparities-tables/disproportionality-analysis-by-state-analysis-category.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> released in 2016 show that black students nationwide are still being placed disproportionately in special education — particularly in categories like “emotional disturbance,” which are tied to behavior. They’re underassessed in categories such as autism spectrum disorder. And some who need special education don’t get assessed for anything. That, parents and special education advocates say, is because some teachers expect so little of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those risks, plenty of black parents want their kids in special education because it gives families a legal avenue to hold schools accountable. Last year, a group of black parents gathered at a San Francisco school to talk about their struggles getting their kids assessed and making sure they receive the support guaranteed under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many black families find themselves navigating the system because nearly one in three black students in San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) is in special education — compared to one in eight non-black students, district data \u003ca href=\"//drive.google.com/open?id=13EX-vu62Ie1EcPO0VcoM-lI2lp-eEmwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shows\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That overrepresentation is highest in special education categories dealing with behavior. And educators, \u003ca href=\"http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/racial-disproportionality-in-school-discipline-implicit-bias-is-heavily-implicated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies show\u003c/a>, are more likely to perceive the behavior of black boys as aggressive or defiant. That’s why black boys routinely post the highest rates of suspensions and expulsions in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mauricha Robinson said it’s not just boys: Her daughter Zariah excelled in school until sixth grade — when the curriculum got more complex. She tanked in her studies for the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of seeking to assess Zariah for special needs, Robinson said, the school was kicking her out of class, sending her home or to the principal’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just, ‘How do we curb the behavior, behavior, behavior,’ ” she said. “And it was all punitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all districts in California, SFUSD is working to reduce the disproportionately high numbers of black students in special education. Robinson speculates maybe that’s why no one in Zariah’s school sought to have her assessed, “to avoid stigmatizing another black child with a special education label.” But she thinks stereotypes played in, too, “of her being a black girl. Aggressive, ‘adultifying’ her, or ‘she’s sassy’ or ‘she’s outspoken.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Darryl Lester, lead plaintiff in landmark special education lawsuit in California']‘If you’re a kid that can’t read something, it’s embarrassing.’[/pullquote]That’s also common: \u003ca href=\"https://www.aecf.org/blog/new-study-the-adultification-of-black-girls/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> has shown that adults at school often treat black girls “as less innocent and more adult-like than white girls of the same age” and punish them more harshly as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Robinson got some advice: If she requested her daughter get assessed, she’d be inoculated against expulsion. And she did: The assessment showed Zariah has a learning disability — a cognitive processing disorder that affects short-term memory and comprehension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For eighth grade, Robinson moved Zariah into a regular class in a new school with some special assistance. It’s called “full inclusion” and aims to keep special education students from being singled out. Zariah’s grades shot up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jean Robertson, chief of special education services for SFUSD, said the push for “full inclusion” is among many changes the district has been implementing since a 2010 audit found black students were more likely to be segregated from the mainstream student population in special classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ApjCq-tEsycdkQD9UkeUkik-8owoQsCwXtrs0P6Cw8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audit\u003c/a> also found black students were significantly overrepresented in several special education categories, like “emotional disturbance”: They were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be designated “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that number is down to about four times more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, black students at SF Unified School District were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1200x814.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut.jpg 1802w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, black students at SFUSD were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Unified School District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education data received in response to a public records request show 28 of the state’s nearly 1,000 school districts faring worse for black students in that category. The relatively low number of 28 is not surprising since many districts serve a very small number of black students, or none at all. At the high end, the data showed that one Southern California district is 12 times more likely to categorize black students as “emotionally disturbed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other changes SFUSD has made over the past decade include working to support students early on so they don’t land in special education, doing deeper assessments and better tailoring services to each special education student instead of putting them in cookie-cutter programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deciding who belongs in special education and who requires other types of support remains a huge challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the crux of my tension in this work,” Robertson said. “That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Putting an IQ Label on Students Is Like ‘Walking Around With Dynamite’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IQ testing ban at the heart of the Larry P. ruling has created tensions of its own. The California Association of School Psychologists wants it lifted, noting that the persistent overrepresentation of black students in special education shows the ban hasn’t served its purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Mauricha Robinson, on trying to get help for her daughter, Zariah, an SFUSD student']“It was just, ‘How do we curb the behavior, behavior, behavior. And it was all punitive.’ “[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many advocates for black students want the ban to remain in place, saying so many other biases still exist in the educational system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Affeldt, a managing attorney at Public Advocates, one of the civil rights firms that filed the Larry P. lawsuit, acknowledged IQ tests have improved since then — but not by enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting an intelligence label on a student is “like walking around with dynamite,” he said. “It’s not going to blow up for every kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it does, the cost is simply too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Darryl Lester. His lack of an education, inability to read and the shame he carried cost him. He struggled with addiction and low-wage jobs before hard physical labor left him disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he has worked hard to rise above all that. He has been sober for 18 years now, happily married for 14. He and his wife, Cecilia Lester, now live in a redeveloped Tacoma housing project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cecilia sometimes finds him alone, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurts on the inside, but you have to swallow your pride and look over it and just find some strength somewhere and say, ‘Hey, come on, you can do this. I’m better than this,’ and that gets me through the day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘To Be Able to Pick Up a Book and Read it by Myself’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. case remains the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%22larry+p%22+%22special+education%22&btnG=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academic articles\u003c/a>, online tutorials and plenty of debate. But for decades, the identity of Larry P. — and what happened to him — remained a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no longer true, and Darryl Lester said he wants some good to come of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='schools' label='Related Coverage']Revisiting his schooling and the burden he carried into adulthood has been painful, he said. But it has driven him to share his experience in hopes that it might help today’s black students who aren’t getting the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, Lester returned to San Francisco for the first time since he testified. He was the guest of honor on a panel that included mothers of current black special education students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a teacher’s not helping you, that is not good,” Lester told the gathering of educators, disability rights advocates and black parents, his voice cracking. “You’ve got other kids that will make fun of you. And if you’re a kid that can’t read something, it’s embarrassing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the few students who attended the event, Lester said he had a special message: They should fight for an education and never feel ashamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, he’ll tell his story again at the convention of the California Association of School Psychologists, the organization trying to lift that Larry P. ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the grassroots group Decoding Dyslexia CA and the Northern California branch of the International Dyslexia Association are fundraising to create a “Larry P.” scholarship for African American students in Northern California who are struggling to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decoding Dyslexia CA has also found a tutor in Tacoma to teach Lester to read. Lester knows it will be hard work, but he said: “My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/post/legacy-mistreatment-san-francisco-s-black-special-ed-students#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earlier version\u003c/a> of this story aired on KALW’s news magazine, Crosscurrents. This story was reported with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> of the Fund for Journalism on Child Well-Being, a program of the University of Southern California Center for Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California's Black Students. It Didn’t. | KQED",
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"headline": "A Landmark Lawsuit Aimed to Fix Special Ed for California's Black Students. It Didn’t.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Darryl Lester was at his mom’s place in Tacoma, Washington, when a letter he’d been waiting for arrived in the mail. At 40, he was destitute, in pain and out of work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The letter delivered good news: Lester would be getting disability benefits after blowing out his back in a sheet metal accident. But he crumpled it up and threw it in the trash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? Because he couldn’t read it. From first through seventh grades, Lester had attended three public schools in San Francisco. At each, he struggled with reading and didn’t get the help he needed for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What he didn’t know until last year: His reading difficulties had made him the lead plaintiff — under the pseudonym Larry P. — in a landmark lawsuit that changed special education for black students across California. October marks the 40th anniversary of the judge’s ruling, which was supposed to help fix a system he had deemed discriminatory. But many educators, black parents and advocates for black students say plenty remains broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Educable Mentally Retarded’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Larry P. case, California education code \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">required\u003c/a> school districts to use IQ scores when assessing students for special education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on the test results, black students statewide — young Darryl included — wound up categorized as “educable mentally retarded” at disproportionate rates: 27% labeled that way in 1968 were black — even though black students made up less than 9% of the student body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same year, a group of black psychologists broke off from the American Psychological Association in protest over black community concerns that they believed the larger organization was too slow to address. Their top priority was to stop districts from using IQ tests, which they thought were culturally biased, to decide who belonged in special education, said one of the breakaway group’s founders, Harold Dent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area chapter of the Association of Black Psychologists learned of complaints from black parents in San Francisco, they teamed up with civil rights lawyers and sued in 1971.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a group, African Americans across the country scored lower on IQ tests. The \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/495/926/2007878/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> alleged that was because the tests were biased toward Eurocentric culture. Questions like, ”Who wrote Romeo and Juliet,” they argued, didn’t assess a student’s innate capacity to learn. It tested knowledge that some – and not others — had acquired at home or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Robert Peckham agreed, calling the tests “racially and culturally biased” and “discriminatory.” He ordered a permanent ban on IQ testing of black students across California for purposes of special education placement. Today, California is the only state that has such a ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students who landed in classes for the “educable mentally retarded,” Peckham wrote, were doomed to fall “farther and farther behind,” because — instead of academics — the classes emphasized “personal hygiene and grooming” and “basic home and community living skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darryl Lester remembers those classes: lots of recess time and plenty of field trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I walked to school and cried all the way,” he said. “I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The District Labeled Her Son Mentally Retarded — and Didn’t Tell Her\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester and his mom and older brothers moved from Marietta, Georgia, to San Francisco in 1965, he said, because “she didn’t want to find us dead one day hanging by a tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I walked to school and cried all the way. I just didn’t like it, you know, because they wasn’t teaching us nothing.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Their first home was a Victorian in the Fillmore District. Lester said he learned his way around the “gorgeous” city by bus and bicycle. Life was pretty good, except in school. Although he was “very good at math,” Lester said, he had a hard time with reading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he remembers a teacher telling him he was looking at words backwards as he sought to pronounce them. People with dyslexia see words the same way as everyone else — but have a neurobiological language processing disorder that’s often responsive to intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Lester has dyslexia is unclear. What is clear is that instead of getting help with his reading, he got teased, into fights and suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would get frustrated, agitated, upset, and then I’d get sent to the principal’s office,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester’s mom, Lucille Lester, didn’t learn that the school district had labeled her son “mentally retarded” until one of the black psychologists visited their home to evaluate Darryl and go through some tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After he talked to Darryl, he turns to me and says, ‘Well, there is nothing wrong with this child,’ ” she testified in court in 1977.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, she said, is when he told her what kind of classes Darryl had been attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Naturally I didn’t feel good about it, and I got angry about it,” she told the court. “This is when I really found out what was really going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_mom-qut.jpg 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family photos adorn the walls of Darryl and Cecilia Lester’s home in Tacoma, Washington. On the right is Darryl’s mother, Lucille Lester, now 91. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not long after, Lucille Lester packed up the family and headed to Tacoma, where an older son was serving on a nearby military base. There, Darryl continued to struggle, because as Judge Peckham had predicted, he had fallen behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His new high school placed him in a half-day special education program. The other half, he spent at Safeway. Every morning, Lester said, he reported at 7:30 a.m. to the grocery store, where he worked for high school credits — but no pay — until 11 a.m. before attending a few classes in the back of the campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his family protested, the school put him in with the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried hard, going to “summer school, night classes, hardly getting any sleep,” but fell two credits short of a high school diploma, Lester said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day, Lester, now 60, can barely read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester knew he was part of a lawsuit. His mom had joined it on his behalf in 1971 — the year it was filed and when the family moved to Tacoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until a reporter tracked him down last year, he never knew his pseudonym was “Larry P.” And he knew nothing of the ruling’s lasting impact on California schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1977 trip to the courthouse, Lester, then 18, recalled: “I asked my momma, ‘Are we done?’ And she said, ‘Yes son, we done.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They never spoke of it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut-1200x708.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_conference-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester gets ready to share his experiences on a March 2019 panel of black San Francisco parents who are navigating the special education system. \u003ccite>(Joe Goyos/Support for Families of Children With Disabilities)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special Education Today\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. judge made California school districts reassess all black students who’d been designated “educable mentally retarded” — without IQ tests — and the numbers dropped. He banned the use of the tests specifically for black students. In time, more subtle special education categories replaced the old ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the judge ruled in 1979, a new \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal law\u003c/a> enacted in 1975 guaranteed students with disabilities equal access to public education. Today, each special education student gets an Individualized Education Program, or IEP, which spells out their struggles and the support they’ll get at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘That’s the crux of my tension in this work. That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/LEA-racial-ethnic-disparities-tables/disproportionality-analysis-by-state-analysis-category.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> released in 2016 show that black students nationwide are still being placed disproportionately in special education — particularly in categories like “emotional disturbance,” which are tied to behavior. They’re underassessed in categories such as autism spectrum disorder. And some who need special education don’t get assessed for anything. That, parents and special education advocates say, is because some teachers expect so little of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those risks, plenty of black parents want their kids in special education because it gives families a legal avenue to hold schools accountable. Last year, a group of black parents gathered at a San Francisco school to talk about their struggles getting their kids assessed and making sure they receive the support guaranteed under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many black families find themselves navigating the system because nearly one in three black students in San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) is in special education — compared to one in eight non-black students, district data \u003ca href=\"//drive.google.com/open?id=13EX-vu62Ie1EcPO0VcoM-lI2lp-eEmwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shows\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That overrepresentation is highest in special education categories dealing with behavior. And educators, \u003ca href=\"http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/racial-disproportionality-in-school-discipline-implicit-bias-is-heavily-implicated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies show\u003c/a>, are more likely to perceive the behavior of black boys as aggressive or defiant. That’s why black boys routinely post the highest rates of suspensions and expulsions in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mauricha Robinson said it’s not just boys: Her daughter Zariah excelled in school until sixth grade — when the curriculum got more complex. She tanked in her studies for the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of seeking to assess Zariah for special needs, Robinson said, the school was kicking her out of class, sending her home or to the principal’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just, ‘How do we curb the behavior, behavior, behavior,’ ” she said. “And it was all punitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all districts in California, SFUSD is working to reduce the disproportionately high numbers of black students in special education. Robinson speculates maybe that’s why no one in Zariah’s school sought to have her assessed, “to avoid stigmatizing another black child with a special education label.” But she thinks stereotypes played in, too, “of her being a black girl. Aggressive, ‘adultifying’ her, or ‘she’s sassy’ or ‘she’s outspoken.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s also common: \u003ca href=\"https://www.aecf.org/blog/new-study-the-adultification-of-black-girls/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> has shown that adults at school often treat black girls “as less innocent and more adult-like than white girls of the same age” and punish them more harshly as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Robinson got some advice: If she requested her daughter get assessed, she’d be inoculated against expulsion. And she did: The assessment showed Zariah has a learning disability — a cognitive processing disorder that affects short-term memory and comprehension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For eighth grade, Robinson moved Zariah into a regular class in a new school with some special assistance. It’s called “full inclusion” and aims to keep special education students from being singled out. Zariah’s grades shot up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jean Robertson, chief of special education services for SFUSD, said the push for “full inclusion” is among many changes the district has been implementing since a 2010 audit found black students were more likely to be segregated from the mainstream student population in special classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ApjCq-tEsycdkQD9UkeUkik-8owoQsCwXtrs0P6Cw8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">audit\u003c/a> also found black students were significantly overrepresented in several special education categories, like “emotional disturbance”: They were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be designated “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that number is down to about four times more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, black students at SF Unified School District were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-800x543.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut-1200x814.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_Chart-of-Emotional-Disturbance-Risk-Ratios-qut.jpg 1802w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, black students at SFUSD were 8.5 times more likely than non-black students to be labeled “emotionally disturbed.” Today, that’s down to about four times more likely. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Unified School District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California Department of Education data received in response to a public records request show 28 of the state’s nearly 1,000 school districts faring worse for black students in that category. The relatively low number of 28 is not surprising since many districts serve a very small number of black students, or none at all. At the high end, the data showed that one Southern California district is 12 times more likely to categorize black students as “emotionally disturbed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other changes SFUSD has made over the past decade include working to support students early on so they don’t land in special education, doing deeper assessments and better tailoring services to each special education student instead of putting them in cookie-cutter programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deciding who belongs in special education and who requires other types of support remains a huge challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the crux of my tension in this work,” Robertson said. “That is with me every single day, particularly for black children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Putting an IQ Label on Students Is Like ‘Walking Around With Dynamite’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IQ testing ban at the heart of the Larry P. ruling has created tensions of its own. The California Association of School Psychologists wants it lifted, noting that the persistent overrepresentation of black students in special education shows the ban hasn’t served its purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many advocates for black students want the ban to remain in place, saying so many other biases still exist in the educational system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Affeldt, a managing attorney at Public Advocates, one of the civil rights firms that filed the Larry P. lawsuit, acknowledged IQ tests have improved since then — but not by enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting an intelligence label on a student is “like walking around with dynamite,” he said. “It’s not going to blow up for every kid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it does, the cost is simply too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Darryl Lester. His lack of an education, inability to read and the shame he carried cost him. He struggled with addiction and low-wage jobs before hard physical labor left him disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lester said he has worked hard to rise above all that. He has been sober for 18 years now, happily married for 14. He and his wife, Cecilia Lester, now live in a redeveloped Tacoma housing project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cecilia sometimes finds him alone, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurts on the inside, but you have to swallow your pride and look over it and just find some strength somewhere and say, ‘Hey, come on, you can do this. I’m better than this,’ and that gets me through the day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/10182019_SE_Lester_SF.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Darryl Lester at Fisherman’s Wharf in March 2019 on his first visit to San Francisco since he testified in the “Larry P.” trial in 1977. \u003ccite>(Lee Romney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘To Be Able to Pick Up a Book and Read it by Myself’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Larry P. case remains the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%22larry+p%22+%22special+education%22&btnG=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academic articles\u003c/a>, online tutorials and plenty of debate. But for decades, the identity of Larry P. — and what happened to him — remained a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no longer true, and Darryl Lester said he wants some good to come of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Revisiting his schooling and the burden he carried into adulthood has been painful, he said. But it has driven him to share his experience in hopes that it might help today’s black students who aren’t getting the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, Lester returned to San Francisco for the first time since he testified. He was the guest of honor on a panel that included mothers of current black special education students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a teacher’s not helping you, that is not good,” Lester told the gathering of educators, disability rights advocates and black parents, his voice cracking. “You’ve got other kids that will make fun of you. And if you’re a kid that can’t read something, it’s embarrassing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the few students who attended the event, Lester said he had a special message: They should fight for an education and never feel ashamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week, he’ll tell his story again at the convention of the California Association of School Psychologists, the organization trying to lift that Larry P. ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the grassroots group Decoding Dyslexia CA and the Northern California branch of the International Dyslexia Association are fundraising to create a “Larry P.” scholarship for African American students in Northern California who are struggling to read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decoding Dyslexia CA has also found a tutor in Tacoma to teach Lester to read. Lester knows it will be hard work, but he said: “My dream is to be able to pick up a book and read it by myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/post/legacy-mistreatment-san-francisco-s-black-special-ed-students#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earlier version\u003c/a> of this story aired on KALW’s news magazine, Crosscurrents. This story was reported with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> of the Fund for Journalism on Child Well-Being, a program of the University of Southern California Center for Health Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Actress Felicity Huffman reported to a federal prison in the East Bay community of Dublin to serve a 14-day sentence for her role in the unfolding college admissions scandal that saw affluent parents use bribery and other illegal means to get their children into elite universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 56-year-old “Desperate Housewives” star surrendered to authorities at the low-security Federal Correctional Institution in Dublin, about 35 miles east of San Francisco, on Wednesday. The prison has been described by media as “Club Fed,” making its way onto a Forbes list in 2009 of “America’s 10 Cushiest Prisons.” It has housed well-known inmates in the past, including “Hollywood Madam” Heidi Fleiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='college-admissions-scam' label='Related Coverage']Once inside the prison, Huffman will share a room and open toilet with three other inmates, according to a publicist with the TASC Group, which is representing the actress. Huffman will be subjected to five bed checks a day while having access to a gym, library and TV room, the publicist said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman pleaded guilty to paying $15,000 to arrange for her daughter’s SAT score to be falsified. She was also fined $30,000, must perform 250 hours of community service and spend a year on probation. She is the first parent sentenced in the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At her sentencing, Huffman told the judge, “I was frightened. I was stupid, and I was so wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actress Lori Loughlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli are among some 50 other parents who have been charged in the scandal. Unlike Huffman, they have not pleaded guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the parents are accused of paying William “Rick” Singer, an admissions consultant at the center of the scheme, to bribe exam administrators to allow someone else to take tests for their children or to correct their answers, authorities say. Others are accused of paying Singer to bribe coaches in exchange for helping their children get into schools as fake athletic recruits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney Andrew Lelling of the District of Massachusetts, the supervising prosecutor, said Loughlin should expect a tougher sentence than Huffman if she is convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting by the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Actress Felicity Huffman reported to a federal prison in the East Bay community of Dublin to serve a 14-day sentence for her role in the unfolding college admissions scandal that saw affluent parents use bribery and other illegal means to get their children into elite universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 56-year-old “Desperate Housewives” star surrendered to authorities at the low-security Federal Correctional Institution in Dublin, about 35 miles east of San Francisco, on Wednesday. The prison has been described by media as “Club Fed,” making its way onto a Forbes list in 2009 of “America’s 10 Cushiest Prisons.” It has housed well-known inmates in the past, including “Hollywood Madam” Heidi Fleiss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Once inside the prison, Huffman will share a room and open toilet with three other inmates, according to a publicist with the TASC Group, which is representing the actress. Huffman will be subjected to five bed checks a day while having access to a gym, library and TV room, the publicist said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman pleaded guilty to paying $15,000 to arrange for her daughter’s SAT score to be falsified. She was also fined $30,000, must perform 250 hours of community service and spend a year on probation. She is the first parent sentenced in the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At her sentencing, Huffman told the judge, “I was frightened. I was stupid, and I was so wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actress Lori Loughlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli are among some 50 other parents who have been charged in the scandal. Unlike Huffman, they have not pleaded guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the parents are accused of paying William “Rick” Singer, an admissions consultant at the center of the scheme, to bribe exam administrators to allow someone else to take tests for their children or to correct their answers, authorities say. Others are accused of paying Singer to bribe coaches in exchange for helping their children get into schools as fake athletic recruits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney Andrew Lelling of the District of Massachusetts, the supervising prosecutor, said Loughlin should expect a tougher sentence than Huffman if she is convicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting by the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Is First State in Nation to Require Later Start Times for Middle and High Schools",
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"content": "\u003cp>Call it a win for the snooze button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will become the first state in the nation to require later start times for middle and high schools as part of a new law signed Sunday by Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB328\">Senate Bill 328 \u003c/a>prevents middle schools from ringing the first bell before 8 a.m. and blocks high schools from starting class any earlier than 8:30 a.m. Districts statewide have to adopt the new start-time rules no later than July 1, 2022, a change that could affect several million students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools currently abide by a hodgepodge of start times: Across the state, the average start time at middle and high schools is 8:07 a.m., according to a 2015\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6430a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> analysis\u003c/a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pushing the start time back could also lead some schools to end the day later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the science that says this is a public health issue and a public health crisis,” said state Sen. Anthony Portantino, a Democrat representing the San Fernando and San Gabriel valleys in Southern California, who introduced the original bill two years ago.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"education-policy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The morning sleep is the most therapeutic, healthy sleep for teenagers,” he told \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/08/07/bill-for-late-school-start-passes-senate-heads-to-assembly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED’s Forum in 2017.\u003c/a> “And what we do as a society, we wake them up in the middle of that healthy sleep and send them to school too early, when they’re sleep deprived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pushing the bill, Portantino has repeatedly cited a 2014 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics that describes an “epidemic” of sleep deprivation among America’s middle and high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chronic sleep loss in children and adolescents is one of the most common — and easily fixable — public health issues in the U.S. today,” wrote pediatrician Judith Owens, the lead author of the \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697\">School Start Times for Adolescents\u003c/a> report, which recommended pushing back school start times to 8:30 a.m. or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 70% of U.S. teenagers don’t get anywhere near the recommended nightly minimum of 8.5 hours each night, the report found, noting that the average adolescent in the U.S. is “chronically sleep deprived and pathologically tired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such deprivation, sleep researchers argue, can directly impact academic performance and contribute to the prevalence of serious health issues like depression, obesity, diabetes and car crashes — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-auto-accidents-top-teen-killer-20140603-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">number one killer\u003c/a> of teens in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that delaying early school start times is one key factor that can help adolescents get the sleep they need to grow and learn,” Owens wrote. Doing so would align with the biological sleep rhythms of adolescents, whose sleep-wake cycles — or circadian rhythms — shift up to two hours later when puberty begins, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portantino told Forum that the roughly 400 school districts nationwide that have already pushed back their start times have seen positive results, with boosts in academic performance, attendance and graduation rates, as well as a decrease in car accidents and suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" title=\"average sleep\" src=\"//e.infogram.com/593b260d-184b-40c9-90c8-bf85aad4c2af?src=embed\" width=\"650\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The bill faced strong opposition, particularly among many school districts, school boards and even some teachers and parents who have argued that scheduling decisions should be made at a local level, given the diverse needs of each community. The delayed schedule will likely lead to lengthy renegotiations with teacher unions and could also require additional funding for the necessary changes in bus transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parents have also raised concerns that later start times will be a major inconvenience, making it harder to drop off kids in the morning before work. Later school dismissal times could also disrupt after-school activities and sports, pushing practices even later into the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, former Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed similar legislation, which he called a “one-size-fits-all approach” to an issue best left to local districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troy Flint, a spokesman for the California School Boards Association, said his group has encouraged districts to individually explore later school start times, but doesn’t think such broad legislation is the right approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that this bill doesn’t account for all the variables that you see in different communities,” Flint \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873885/legislation-moves-back-earliest-start-times-in-california-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Forum on Tuesday\u003c/a>. “When you take the idea from the abstract and actually try to implement it in practice, there will be a lot of unintended consequences that will prevent it from having the desired effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the importance of sleep for the teenage brain, check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-components-PostMinisite-___PostMinisite__mpost_Column\">\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bw_3Q6CRxGA\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Under the new legislation, signed this week by Gov. Gavin Newsom, all middle schools that now start earlier than 8 a.m., and all high school that start earlier than 8:30 a.m., will have to push back their start times by July 2020. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Call it a win for the snooze button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will become the first state in the nation to require later start times for middle and high schools as part of a new law signed Sunday by Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB328\">Senate Bill 328 \u003c/a>prevents middle schools from ringing the first bell before 8 a.m. and blocks high schools from starting class any earlier than 8:30 a.m. Districts statewide have to adopt the new start-time rules no later than July 1, 2022, a change that could affect several million students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools currently abide by a hodgepodge of start times: Across the state, the average start time at middle and high schools is 8:07 a.m., according to a 2015\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6430a1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> analysis\u003c/a> by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pushing the start time back could also lead some schools to end the day later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the science that says this is a public health issue and a public health crisis,” said state Sen. Anthony Portantino, a Democrat representing the San Fernando and San Gabriel valleys in Southern California, who introduced the original bill two years ago.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The morning sleep is the most therapeutic, healthy sleep for teenagers,” he told \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/08/07/bill-for-late-school-start-passes-senate-heads-to-assembly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED’s Forum in 2017.\u003c/a> “And what we do as a society, we wake them up in the middle of that healthy sleep and send them to school too early, when they’re sleep deprived.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pushing the bill, Portantino has repeatedly cited a 2014 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics that describes an “epidemic” of sleep deprivation among America’s middle and high school students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chronic sleep loss in children and adolescents is one of the most common — and easily fixable — public health issues in the U.S. today,” wrote pediatrician Judith Owens, the lead author of the \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697\">School Start Times for Adolescents\u003c/a> report, which recommended pushing back school start times to 8:30 a.m. or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 70% of U.S. teenagers don’t get anywhere near the recommended nightly minimum of 8.5 hours each night, the report found, noting that the average adolescent in the U.S. is “chronically sleep deprived and pathologically tired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such deprivation, sleep researchers argue, can directly impact academic performance and contribute to the prevalence of serious health issues like depression, obesity, diabetes and car crashes — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-auto-accidents-top-teen-killer-20140603-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">number one killer\u003c/a> of teens in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that delaying early school start times is one key factor that can help adolescents get the sleep they need to grow and learn,” Owens wrote. Doing so would align with the biological sleep rhythms of adolescents, whose sleep-wake cycles — or circadian rhythms — shift up to two hours later when puberty begins, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portantino told Forum that the roughly 400 school districts nationwide that have already pushed back their start times have seen positive results, with boosts in academic performance, attendance and graduation rates, as well as a decrease in car accidents and suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: none;\" title=\"average sleep\" src=\"//e.infogram.com/593b260d-184b-40c9-90c8-bf85aad4c2af?src=embed\" width=\"650\" height=\"630\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The bill faced strong opposition, particularly among many school districts, school boards and even some teachers and parents who have argued that scheduling decisions should be made at a local level, given the diverse needs of each community. The delayed schedule will likely lead to lengthy renegotiations with teacher unions and could also require additional funding for the necessary changes in bus transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parents have also raised concerns that later start times will be a major inconvenience, making it harder to drop off kids in the morning before work. Later school dismissal times could also disrupt after-school activities and sports, pushing practices even later into the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, former Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed similar legislation, which he called a “one-size-fits-all approach” to an issue best left to local districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troy Flint, a spokesman for the California School Boards Association, said his group has encouraged districts to individually explore later school start times, but doesn’t think such broad legislation is the right approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that this bill doesn’t account for all the variables that you see in different communities,” Flint \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873885/legislation-moves-back-earliest-start-times-in-california-schools\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Forum on Tuesday\u003c/a>. “When you take the idea from the abstract and actually try to implement it in practice, there will be a lot of unintended consequences that will prevent it from having the desired effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the importance of sleep for the teenage brain, check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Above the Noise video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-components-PostMinisite-___PostMinisite__mpost_Column\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bw_3Q6CRxGA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Bw_3Q6CRxGA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sunday night was the final deadline for Gov. Gavin Newsom’s to sign or veto bills from the current legislative session — and he kept some legislators waiting until the last moments to find out if their bills were going to live or die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the last day before the deadline, Newsom announced he had signed 870 bills into law. But Sunday’s flurry of action included more vetoes than signings, mostly for things Newsom said the state could not afford to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That included blocking a bill that would have required all schools to provide at least six weeks of pregnancy leave at full pay for staff. He also vetoed a bill requiring all elementary schools to have at least one full-day kindergarten program by 2022. Newsom did, though, sign into law a bill banning public high schools from starting class before 8:30 a.m. and middle schools from starting before 8 a.m. The governor’s office has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/13/governor-newsom-takes-final-action-of-2019-legislative-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a full list of all the bills signed and vetoed on the last day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last week, Newsom signed landmark legislation that ran the gamut from a ban on selling fur to a mandate that state university health centers stock abortion medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is a roundup of some of the standout bills signed in the lead up to the legislative deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Health and Aging\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 24:\u003c/strong> This bill, which is the first of it kind in the U.S., requires student health centers at all 34 UC and CSU campuses to provide medication abortions. The California Commission on the Status of Women and Girls will administer a Reproductive Health Fund to pay for the upfront costs of providing this option across campuses. But eventually universities may need to dip into tax dollars or student fees for ongoing costs — a funding avenue abortion opponents are against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 824:\u003c/strong> By Assemblyman Jim Wood, D-Santa Rosa, and sponsored by Attorney General Xavier Becerra, this is another first-in-the-nation bill. It addresses pay-for-delay agreements, which saddle prescription drug users with debt. The new law tamps down on the practice of pharmaceutical drug companies paying their generic counterparts to delay the release of cheaper versions of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 464:\u003c/strong> The California Dignity in Pregnancy and Childbirth Act requires implicit bias training for all perinatal health care providers and better tracking of maternal deaths by the coroner’s office. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760903/a-black-mother-told-not-to-scream-in-labor-asks-can-california-fix-racism-in-maternity-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mortality rates among black infants\u003c/a> in California are triple those of white infants, and black women are substantially more likely to suffer life-threatening complications during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 159:\u003c/strong> This bill by Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, provides the HIV-prevention drugs, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/08/768313666/california-to-make-hiv-prevention-drugs-available-without-a-prescription\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">without a prescription\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Education\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 265:\u003c/strong> This amends a previous bill, the Child Hunger Prevention and Fair Treatment Act of 2017, to ensure students who receive free or reduced school lunches are offered the same meal as their peers. Previously, low-income students received an alternative lunch, which student advocates said singled them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No more lunch shaming in CA,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1183468717939683328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Newsom\u003c/a> tweeted on Sunday. In August, Newsom met with Ryan Kyote, a 9-year-old from Napa, who used his lunch card to cover meals for other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAgovernor/status/1159841764833988611\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 493:\u003c/strong> This directs the California Department of Education to train teachers on how to best support LGBTQ students in middle and high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 982:\u003c/strong> The goal of this bill is to help students during periods of suspension stay on track with their schoolwork. The law mandates that schools provide homework assignments upon request to students suspended for two or more school days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 328:\u003c/strong> California becomes the first state in the country to mandate later start times for public schools, with the hope of improving educational success with more sleep. The law will take effect over a phased-in period, ultimately requiring middle schools to start at or after 8 a.m. and high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. The law does not apply to optional early classes or to schools in some rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/12/governor-newsom-signs-legislation-to-create-more-inclusive-schools-and-expand-k-12-student-protections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a list of most of the education bills\u003c/a> signed by the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Housing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1482: \u003c/strong>Considered the biggest victory for California renter protections in decades, this bill creates a statewide limit on rent increases of 5% plus inflation. It also requires that landlords provide a “just cause” when evicting tenants who have been renting for a year or more. The limits on rent hikes don’t go nearly as far as local rent control laws in places like San Francisco and Oakland, but it would cover millions of Californians whose units didn’t already have such protections. The bill will sunset after 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 330\u003c/strong>: From Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley, this law aims to cut down on red tape and to speed up construction projects by making it harder for local governments to kill affordable housing developments and homeless shelters. The provision sunsets after five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1738:\u003c/strong> On Sunday, Newsom also signed a streamlined process for creating more agricultural farmworker housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 54:\u003c/strong> By Assemblyman Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, AB 54 brings temporary relief in the wake of the mass closures of recycling centers that came with the folding of RePlanet, the state’s largest recycling business. The bill provides $10 million for recycling centers and gives grocers a reprieve from paying some recycling fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 342:\u003c/strong> AB 342 rejects the Trump administration’s plans to use protected public lands for oil and gas production. It bars any state entity from entering into an agreement to authorize pipelines or other oil- or gas-related infrastructure built on state-owned land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1057:\u003c/strong> This renames the Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources with the intent to also change the mission of the newly christened Geologic Energy Management Division. New leadership at the Department of Conservation, which oversees this division, and a new division supervisor underscore efforts to reroute the agency. The bill establishes protecting public health, safety and environmental quality as the agency’s new top priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/12/governor-gavin-newsom-signs-six-bills-to-move-california-away-from-fossil-fuels/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the full list of bills\u003c/a> aimed at limiting and regulating fossil fuels, including requiring a process for cleaning up non-floating oil and conducting testing on abandoned wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Animal Welfare\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 44:\u003c/strong> Anti-fur advocates have long sought to end the use of animals for their fur, and California is the first state in the nation to ban the creation of new fur products. Republican critics said the law was disrespectful to Native Americans, but there are exceptions in the bill for fur used by Native American tribes for traditional purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 313:\u003c/strong> This bill would ban the use of wild animals in circus acts, including bears, elephants, tigers and monkeys. California is only the third state, after New Jersey and Hawaii to enact a ban like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 128\u003c/strong> protects California’s wild and domestic horses from slaughter and \u003cstrong>AB 1254\u003c/strong> bans bobcat hunting, trapping or killing until 2025. Notably, \u003cstrong>SB 395\u003c/strong>, signed Sunday night, would allow drivers to eat animals that they accidentally hit and kill with their car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Other Bills Worth Noting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In criminal justice reform, \u003cstrong>AB 1076\u003c/strong> will make it easier for people to clear their records of old criminal offenses, \u003cstrong>AB 484\u003c/strong> give judges more leeway when sentencing offenders for certain drug crimes and \u003cstrong>SB 22\u003c/strong> requires new rape kits be submitted for testing within 20 days and actually be tested within 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 32\u003c/strong> bans any new contracts or contract renewals with private prisons. By 2028, the bill will also require California to stop holding inmates in for-profit prison facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an election year just a few months away, \u003cstrong>SB 72\u003c/strong> mandates same-day voter registration starting in 2020, though voters who wait until Election Day to register won’t be counted until their registration is cleared by county officials\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Newsom signed a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/10/governor-newsom-signs-worker-protection-bills-addressing-sexual-harassment-wages-and-health-protections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual harassment protection-oriented bills\u003c/a> spurred by the #MeToo movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>reporting from the Associated Press was used in this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sunday night was the final deadline for Gov. Gavin Newsom’s to sign or veto bills from the current legislative session — and he kept some legislators waiting until the last moments to find out if their bills were going to live or die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the last day before the deadline, Newsom announced he had signed 870 bills into law. But Sunday’s flurry of action included more vetoes than signings, mostly for things Newsom said the state could not afford to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That included blocking a bill that would have required all schools to provide at least six weeks of pregnancy leave at full pay for staff. He also vetoed a bill requiring all elementary schools to have at least one full-day kindergarten program by 2022. Newsom did, though, sign into law a bill banning public high schools from starting class before 8:30 a.m. and middle schools from starting before 8 a.m. The governor’s office has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/13/governor-newsom-takes-final-action-of-2019-legislative-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a full list of all the bills signed and vetoed on the last day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last week, Newsom signed landmark legislation that ran the gamut from a ban on selling fur to a mandate that state university health centers stock abortion medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is a roundup of some of the standout bills signed in the lead up to the legislative deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Health and Aging\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 24:\u003c/strong> This bill, which is the first of it kind in the U.S., requires student health centers at all 34 UC and CSU campuses to provide medication abortions. The California Commission on the Status of Women and Girls will administer a Reproductive Health Fund to pay for the upfront costs of providing this option across campuses. But eventually universities may need to dip into tax dollars or student fees for ongoing costs — a funding avenue abortion opponents are against.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 824:\u003c/strong> By Assemblyman Jim Wood, D-Santa Rosa, and sponsored by Attorney General Xavier Becerra, this is another first-in-the-nation bill. It addresses pay-for-delay agreements, which saddle prescription drug users with debt. The new law tamps down on the practice of pharmaceutical drug companies paying their generic counterparts to delay the release of cheaper versions of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 464:\u003c/strong> The California Dignity in Pregnancy and Childbirth Act requires implicit bias training for all perinatal health care providers and better tracking of maternal deaths by the coroner’s office. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11760903/a-black-mother-told-not-to-scream-in-labor-asks-can-california-fix-racism-in-maternity-care\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mortality rates among black infants\u003c/a> in California are triple those of white infants, and black women are substantially more likely to suffer life-threatening complications during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 159:\u003c/strong> This bill by Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, provides the HIV-prevention drugs, pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/08/768313666/california-to-make-hiv-prevention-drugs-available-without-a-prescription\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">without a prescription\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Education\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 265:\u003c/strong> This amends a previous bill, the Child Hunger Prevention and Fair Treatment Act of 2017, to ensure students who receive free or reduced school lunches are offered the same meal as their peers. Previously, low-income students received an alternative lunch, which student advocates said singled them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No more lunch shaming in CA,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1183468717939683328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Newsom\u003c/a> tweeted on Sunday. In August, Newsom met with Ryan Kyote, a 9-year-old from Napa, who used his lunch card to cover meals for other students.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 493:\u003c/strong> This directs the California Department of Education to train teachers on how to best support LGBTQ students in middle and high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 982:\u003c/strong> The goal of this bill is to help students during periods of suspension stay on track with their schoolwork. The law mandates that schools provide homework assignments upon request to students suspended for two or more school days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 328:\u003c/strong> California becomes the first state in the country to mandate later start times for public schools, with the hope of improving educational success with more sleep. The law will take effect over a phased-in period, ultimately requiring middle schools to start at or after 8 a.m. and high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. The law does not apply to optional early classes or to schools in some rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/12/governor-newsom-signs-legislation-to-create-more-inclusive-schools-and-expand-k-12-student-protections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a list of most of the education bills\u003c/a> signed by the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Housing\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1482: \u003c/strong>Considered the biggest victory for California renter protections in decades, this bill creates a statewide limit on rent increases of 5% plus inflation. It also requires that landlords provide a “just cause” when evicting tenants who have been renting for a year or more. The limits on rent hikes don’t go nearly as far as local rent control laws in places like San Francisco and Oakland, but it would cover millions of Californians whose units didn’t already have such protections. The bill will sunset after 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 330\u003c/strong>: From Sen. Nancy Skinner, D-Berkeley, this law aims to cut down on red tape and to speed up construction projects by making it harder for local governments to kill affordable housing developments and homeless shelters. The provision sunsets after five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1738:\u003c/strong> On Sunday, Newsom also signed a streamlined process for creating more agricultural farmworker housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 54:\u003c/strong> By Assemblyman Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, AB 54 brings temporary relief in the wake of the mass closures of recycling centers that came with the folding of RePlanet, the state’s largest recycling business. The bill provides $10 million for recycling centers and gives grocers a reprieve from paying some recycling fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 342:\u003c/strong> AB 342 rejects the Trump administration’s plans to use protected public lands for oil and gas production. It bars any state entity from entering into an agreement to authorize pipelines or other oil- or gas-related infrastructure built on state-owned land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 1057:\u003c/strong> This renames the Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources with the intent to also change the mission of the newly christened Geologic Energy Management Division. New leadership at the Department of Conservation, which oversees this division, and a new division supervisor underscore efforts to reroute the agency. The bill establishes protecting public health, safety and environmental quality as the agency’s new top priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/12/governor-gavin-newsom-signs-six-bills-to-move-california-away-from-fossil-fuels/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the full list of bills\u003c/a> aimed at limiting and regulating fossil fuels, including requiring a process for cleaning up non-floating oil and conducting testing on abandoned wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Animal Welfare\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 44:\u003c/strong> Anti-fur advocates have long sought to end the use of animals for their fur, and California is the first state in the nation to ban the creation of new fur products. Republican critics said the law was disrespectful to Native Americans, but there are exceptions in the bill for fur used by Native American tribes for traditional purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SB 313:\u003c/strong> This bill would ban the use of wild animals in circus acts, including bears, elephants, tigers and monkeys. California is only the third state, after New Jersey and Hawaii to enact a ban like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 128\u003c/strong> protects California’s wild and domestic horses from slaughter and \u003cstrong>AB 1254\u003c/strong> bans bobcat hunting, trapping or killing until 2025. Notably, \u003cstrong>SB 395\u003c/strong>, signed Sunday night, would allow drivers to eat animals that they accidentally hit and kill with their car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Other Bills Worth Noting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In criminal justice reform, \u003cstrong>AB 1076\u003c/strong> will make it easier for people to clear their records of old criminal offenses, \u003cstrong>AB 484\u003c/strong> give judges more leeway when sentencing offenders for certain drug crimes and \u003cstrong>SB 22\u003c/strong> requires new rape kits be submitted for testing within 20 days and actually be tested within 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AB 32\u003c/strong> bans any new contracts or contract renewals with private prisons. By 2028, the bill will also require California to stop holding inmates in for-profit prison facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an election year just a few months away, \u003cstrong>SB 72\u003c/strong> mandates same-day voter registration starting in 2020, though voters who wait until Election Day to register won’t be counted until their registration is cleared by county officials\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Newsom signed a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/10/10/governor-newsom-signs-worker-protection-bills-addressing-sexual-harassment-wages-and-health-protections/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual harassment protection-oriented bills\u003c/a> spurred by the #MeToo movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>reporting from the Associated Press was used in this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>PG&E's unprecedented power shutdown is keeping more than 130,000 California students out of school for at least one day this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 320 schools in 19 counties, including Sonoma, Napa, Contra Costa and Alameda, shut their doors Wednesday or announced they would be shutting down Thursday, a population roughly the size of the city of Santa Clara, according to a CalMatters tally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closures were announced as red flag conditions and high winds bear down on Northern California, prompting the state's largest utility to notify roughly 800,000 customers that it would be cutting power to large swaths of its service area. The move is part of a new program aimed at preempting a repeat of last year’s devastating Camp Fire, which was linked to malfunctioning PG&E equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more shutoff coverage\" tag=\"power-shutoffs\"]The safety measure — fairly routine in much of Southern California but new to the half of the state that largely relies on PG&E to keep the lights on — left cities from Bakersfield to the Bay Area scrambling to cope with the possibility of days without electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using 2018-19 state enrollment data, CalMatters calculated approximately 131,000 students in nearly 70 school districts were either affected by emergency closures Wednesday or will be affected Thursday. Some school systems said their schools would essentially remain closed until the power is turned back on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens more schools, including sites in Placer and Kern counties, warned parents to be on the lookout for early morning emails notifying them that classes might also be canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of its impact on California students, the rolling outage is expected to be second only to the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/09/blackout-california-arizona-mexico-san-diego\">Great Blackout\u003c/a>” of September 2011, when botched maintenance on a transmission line near Yuma, Arizona, caused a cascade of power failures throughout the Southwest. That outage forced two dozen school districts primarily in San Diego County to close for a day, impacting 350,000 kids at the time, according to \u003ca href=\"https://disasterdays.calmatters.org/california-school-closures\">CalMatters’ database\u003c/a> of reported school closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, PG&E has made clear that such preemptive outages will be a new sort of normal for Northern California, as the utility changes its policy to reflect a wildfire liability that already has prompted it to seek bankruptcy protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2018/11/school-closures-california-wildfires-1-million-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 1 million students\u003c/a> were kept home from school due to poor air quality sparked by massive fires in Northern and Southern California. Wildfires are the leading cause of emergency closures among California’s schools and have taken a particularly \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-school-closures-wildfire-middletown-paradise-disaster-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devastating toll on public schools\u003c/a> over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools have lost more than 21,000 days of instruction due to wildfires since 2002, but more than half of those lost days have occurred since 2015, CalMatters found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools that have been especially impacted by recent megafires — including several schools in Sonoma and Lake counties — closed Wednesday. That included Middletown Unified School District, which has lost 25 days of instruction, the equivalent of five weeks of class time, over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less ravaged areas, the situation was fluid. Roger Stock, superintendent of Rocklin Unified School District in Placer County, told families Tuesday evening that half a dozen schools in the district \"are likely to be closed Wednesday,\" but \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocklinusd.org/District-Info/PGE-Public-Safety-Power-Shutoff/index.html\">later determined\u003c/a> that schools could safely remain open this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisette Estrella-Henderson, superintendent of the Solano County Office of Education, told families, in a note, that county schools \"will continue to operate to the extent possible,\" but added that \"parents should consider sending students to school with breakfast and lunch items that do not require refrigeration or heat, as our menu options may be limited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Leandro Unified School District in Alameda County closed all of its schools Wednesday. Though some San Leandro schools are not expected to lose power, superintendent Mike McLaughlin, in a note, told families that it would shutter all campuses \"due to the unforeseen nature of this event.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although the PSPS may not affect all district schools, safety concerns for students who would be traveling to unaffected schools through areas of San Leandro which may be out of power has dictated closure of all SLUSD schools,\" McLaughlin wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Oct. 9, 2019, to reflect new closure information.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>PG&E's unprecedented power shutdown is keeping more than 130,000 California students out of school for at least one day this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 320 schools in 19 counties, including Sonoma, Napa, Contra Costa and Alameda, shut their doors Wednesday or announced they would be shutting down Thursday, a population roughly the size of the city of Santa Clara, according to a CalMatters tally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The closures were announced as red flag conditions and high winds bear down on Northern California, prompting the state's largest utility to notify roughly 800,000 customers that it would be cutting power to large swaths of its service area. The move is part of a new program aimed at preempting a repeat of last year’s devastating Camp Fire, which was linked to malfunctioning PG&E equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The safety measure — fairly routine in much of Southern California but new to the half of the state that largely relies on PG&E to keep the lights on — left cities from Bakersfield to the Bay Area scrambling to cope with the possibility of days without electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using 2018-19 state enrollment data, CalMatters calculated approximately 131,000 students in nearly 70 school districts were either affected by emergency closures Wednesday or will be affected Thursday. Some school systems said their schools would essentially remain closed until the power is turned back on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens more schools, including sites in Placer and Kern counties, warned parents to be on the lookout for early morning emails notifying them that classes might also be canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of its impact on California students, the rolling outage is expected to be second only to the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/09/blackout-california-arizona-mexico-san-diego\">Great Blackout\u003c/a>” of September 2011, when botched maintenance on a transmission line near Yuma, Arizona, caused a cascade of power failures throughout the Southwest. That outage forced two dozen school districts primarily in San Diego County to close for a day, impacting 350,000 kids at the time, according to \u003ca href=\"https://disasterdays.calmatters.org/california-school-closures\">CalMatters’ database\u003c/a> of reported school closures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, PG&E has made clear that such preemptive outages will be a new sort of normal for Northern California, as the utility changes its policy to reflect a wildfire liability that already has prompted it to seek bankruptcy protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2018/11/school-closures-california-wildfires-1-million-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 1 million students\u003c/a> were kept home from school due to poor air quality sparked by massive fires in Northern and Southern California. Wildfires are the leading cause of emergency closures among California’s schools and have taken a particularly \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-school-closures-wildfire-middletown-paradise-disaster-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devastating toll on public schools\u003c/a> over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools have lost more than 21,000 days of instruction due to wildfires since 2002, but more than half of those lost days have occurred since 2015, CalMatters found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools that have been especially impacted by recent megafires — including several schools in Sonoma and Lake counties — closed Wednesday. That included Middletown Unified School District, which has lost 25 days of instruction, the equivalent of five weeks of class time, over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In less ravaged areas, the situation was fluid. Roger Stock, superintendent of Rocklin Unified School District in Placer County, told families Tuesday evening that half a dozen schools in the district \"are likely to be closed Wednesday,\" but \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocklinusd.org/District-Info/PGE-Public-Safety-Power-Shutoff/index.html\">later determined\u003c/a> that schools could safely remain open this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisette Estrella-Henderson, superintendent of the Solano County Office of Education, told families, in a note, that county schools \"will continue to operate to the extent possible,\" but added that \"parents should consider sending students to school with breakfast and lunch items that do not require refrigeration or heat, as our menu options may be limited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Leandro Unified School District in Alameda County closed all of its schools Wednesday. Though some San Leandro schools are not expected to lose power, superintendent Mike McLaughlin, in a note, told families that it would shutter all campuses \"due to the unforeseen nature of this event.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although the PSPS may not affect all district schools, safety concerns for students who would be traveling to unaffected schools through areas of San Leandro which may be out of power has dictated closure of all SLUSD schools,\" McLaughlin wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Oct. 9, 2019, to reflect new closure information.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "School Closures During Power Outages in the Bay Area",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated: Friday, Oct. 11, 12:35 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a dozen school districts were closed Wednesday and announced plans to close Thursday due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778706/pge-power-shutoffs-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PG&E power shutoffs\u003c/a> in Northern and Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11778706]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is an alphabetized, updated list of school closures:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#northbay\">North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#eastbay\">East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#southbay\">South Bay and Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"northbay\">\u003c/a>North Bay\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 Schools\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alexandervalleyusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexander Valley Union School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> both Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bvusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bennett Valley Union School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cloverdale-ca.schoolloop.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cloverdale Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crpusd.org/news/what_s_new/p_g__e_notice_for_c_r_p_u_s_d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cotati-Rohnert Park School District\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> starting Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gusd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geyserville Unified School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> both Wednesday and Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://kashiaelementaryschool.weebly.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kashia Elementary School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> both Wednesday and Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinschools.org/cms/lib/CA01001323/Centricity/Domain/154/PGE%20letter%20to%20parents%20-%20signedMJB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin County Office of Education\u003c/a>: Bolinas-Stinson School, Tam Valley Elementary and Tamalpais High School are \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mwusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark West Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be\u003cstrong> open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nvusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All district schools will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday and Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oldadobe.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=32&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=1810&PageID=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Old Adobe Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pousd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piner-Olivet Union School District\u003c/a>: Schaefer Charter, Jack London Elementary, Olivet Elementary Charter, Piner-Olivet Charter and Northwest Prep were closed Wednesday. Schools are \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rvusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rincon Valley Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.srcschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa City Schools\u003c/a>: Only Hidden Valley Elementary will remain \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> on Friday, the district said. This means all after-school programs, such as childcare and athletics, are also canceled at these schools.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomaschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: Schools will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vacavilleusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vacaville Unified School District\u003c/a>: Buckingham Charter will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> through Friday. All other schools plan to stay open.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wesd-ca.schoolloop.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waugh School District:\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> for non-student days.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://woa.wusd.org/o/windsor-unified-school-district/live_feed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windsor Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colleges and Universities:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.santarosa.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Junior College\u003c/a>: All campuses and sites will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> on Friday. All activities and classes, including online, will be canceled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonoma.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma State University\u003c/a>: All classes and activities at Sonoma State remain \u003cstrong>canceled\u003c/strong> through Friday, Oct. 11.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"eastbay\">\u003c/a>East Bay\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 Schools:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acalanes.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acalanes Unified High School District:\u003c/a> All schools will remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyschools.net/2019/10/superintendents-message-possible-public-safety-power-shutoff-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday, according to the district.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cv.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Castro Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday, with a contingency plan in case the district has to close schools due to a power shutoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fremont Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday, according to the district.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.husd.us/pf4/cms2/news_themed_display?id=1570438620407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools are expected to remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mynhusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Haven Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> All schools will be \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acoe.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=4398&ViewID=7b97f7ed-8e5e-4120-848f-a8b4987d588f&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=4922&PageID=914\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Unified School District\u003c/a>: All OUSD Schools will be \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.orindaschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orinda Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> and on a regular schedule Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sanleandro.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Leandro Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.srvusd.net/pf4/cms2/news_themed_display?id=1570527046388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Ramon Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wccusd.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Contra Costa Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colleges & Universities:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mills.edu/campus-alert.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mills College\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Open \u003c/strong>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/10/09/classes-will-resume-thursday-unless-there-is-a-power-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley:\u003c/a> The university \u003cstrong>canceled\u003c/strong> classes on Friday, with students, faculty and staff \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/UCBerkeley/status/1182359315597758464?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">being advised to avoid campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"southbay\">\u003c/a>South Bay & Peninsula\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 Schools:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alum Rock Union School District\u003c/a>: All 19 schools will be \u003cb>open \u003c/b>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cuhsd.org/apps/news/article/1102578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campbell Union High School District\u003c/a>: The district announced no Campbell Union High School District schools are expected to be impacted by the power shutoff and all schools will remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ogsd.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oak Grove Elementary School District\u003c/a>: No OGSD schools are currently impacted, according to the district, and schools and offices will remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> and follow regular schedule in the event of a power shutoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sjusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> All schools were \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> Wednesday and Thursday despite any potential shutoffs, officials told parents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sccs.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz City Schools\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong>. Only two schools, Soquel High and Westlake Elementary, are located in the area at risk. Generators and food services are ready in case of a power shutoff on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Find out how PG&E's power shutoffs are affecting school districts in the Bay Area.",
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"description": "Find out how PG&E's power shutoffs are affecting school districts in the Bay Area.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated: Friday, Oct. 11, 12:35 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over a dozen school districts were closed Wednesday and announced plans to close Thursday due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778706/pge-power-shutoffs-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PG&E power shutoffs\u003c/a> in Northern and Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is an alphabetized, updated list of school closures:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#northbay\">North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#eastbay\">East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#southbay\">South Bay and Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"northbay\">\u003c/a>North Bay\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 Schools\u003c/strong>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://alexandervalleyusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexander Valley Union School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> both Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bvusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bennett Valley Union School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cloverdale-ca.schoolloop.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cloverdale Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crpusd.org/news/what_s_new/p_g__e_notice_for_c_r_p_u_s_d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cotati-Rohnert Park School District\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> starting Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gusd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geyserville Unified School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> both Wednesday and Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://kashiaelementaryschool.weebly.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kashia Elementary School District\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> both Wednesday and Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinschools.org/cms/lib/CA01001323/Centricity/Domain/154/PGE%20letter%20to%20parents%20-%20signedMJB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin County Office of Education\u003c/a>: Bolinas-Stinson School, Tam Valley Elementary and Tamalpais High School are \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mwusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark West Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be\u003cstrong> open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nvusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All district schools will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday and Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oldadobe.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=32&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=1810&PageID=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Old Adobe Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pousd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piner-Olivet Union School District\u003c/a>: Schaefer Charter, Jack London Elementary, Olivet Elementary Charter, Piner-Olivet Charter and Northwest Prep were closed Wednesday. Schools are \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rvusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rincon Valley Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.srcschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa City Schools\u003c/a>: Only Hidden Valley Elementary will remain \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> on Friday, the district said. This means all after-school programs, such as childcare and athletics, are also canceled at these schools.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomaschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: Schools will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vacavilleusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vacaville Unified School District\u003c/a>: Buckingham Charter will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> through Friday. All other schools plan to stay open.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wesd-ca.schoolloop.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waugh School District:\u003c/a> \u003cstrong>Closed\u003c/strong> for non-student days.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://woa.wusd.org/o/windsor-unified-school-district/live_feed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windsor Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> Wednesday through Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colleges and Universities:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.santarosa.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Rosa Junior College\u003c/a>: All campuses and sites will be \u003cstrong>closed\u003c/strong> on Friday. All activities and classes, including online, will be canceled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonoma.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma State University\u003c/a>: All classes and activities at Sonoma State remain \u003cstrong>canceled\u003c/strong> through Friday, Oct. 11.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"eastbay\">\u003c/a>East Bay\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 Schools:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acalanes.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Acalanes Unified High School District:\u003c/a> All schools will remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyschools.net/2019/10/superintendents-message-possible-public-safety-power-shutoff-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday, according to the district.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cv.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Castro Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday, with a contingency plan in case the district has to close schools due to a power shutoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fremont Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday, according to the district.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.husd.us/pf4/cms2/news_themed_display?id=1570438620407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools are expected to remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mynhusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Haven Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> All schools will be \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acoe.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=4398&ViewID=7b97f7ed-8e5e-4120-848f-a8b4987d588f&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=4922&PageID=914\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Unified School District\u003c/a>: All OUSD Schools will be \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.orindaschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orinda Union School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> and on a regular schedule Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sanleandro.k12.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Leandro Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.srvusd.net/pf4/cms2/news_themed_display?id=1570527046388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Ramon Valley Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wccusd.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Contra Costa Unified School District\u003c/a>: All schools will be \u003cstrong>open \u003c/strong>on Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colleges & Universities:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mills.edu/campus-alert.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mills College\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>Open \u003c/strong>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/10/09/classes-will-resume-thursday-unless-there-is-a-power-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley:\u003c/a> The university \u003cstrong>canceled\u003c/strong> classes on Friday, with students, faculty and staff \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/UCBerkeley/status/1182359315597758464?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">being advised to avoid campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"southbay\">\u003c/a>South Bay & Peninsula\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 Schools:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.arusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alum Rock Union School District\u003c/a>: All 19 schools will be \u003cb>open \u003c/b>Friday.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cuhsd.org/apps/news/article/1102578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campbell Union High School District\u003c/a>: The district announced no Campbell Union High School District schools are expected to be impacted by the power shutoff and all schools will remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ogsd.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oak Grove Elementary School District\u003c/a>: No OGSD schools are currently impacted, according to the district, and schools and offices will remain \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> and follow regular schedule in the event of a power shutoff.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sjusd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose Unified School District\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>:\u003c/strong> All schools were \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong> Wednesday and Thursday despite any potential shutoffs, officials told parents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sccs.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz City Schools\u003c/a>: All schools are \u003cstrong>open\u003c/strong>. Only two schools, Soquel High and Westlake Elementary, are located in the area at risk. Generators and food services are ready in case of a power shutoff on Thursday.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>“This girl told me I was going to hell because I’m Muslim,” said high school senior Sara Shohoud about her first incident of Islamophobia. She was in first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know how to counter it. I was so young,” the 18-year old said. “And now, I just keep quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Sara Shohoud, high school senior']‘This girl told me I was going to hell because I’m Muslim.’[/pullquote]The Sunnyvale resident said she regrets staying silent and burying her frustration more recently, as classmates made offensive jokes about Muslims or equated them with being “terrorists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been in those situations, and I kind of wish I could relive them because I didn’t handle it the best,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shohoud decided to enroll in a program to help Muslim youths handle harassment, inform peers about their faith and, in the process, create a more positive school environment. Since the Youth Speakers Training program launched three years ago, the nonprofit Islamic Networks Group now offers it in California and seven other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778530\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sara Shohoud, 17, presents a sketch about Muslim identity and culture during the ING Youth Speakers program in San Jose.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sara Shohoud, 18, presents a sketch about Muslim identity and culture during the Islamic Networks Group Youth Speakers training in San Jose on Sept. 13, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As anti-Muslim sentiment has grown in the U.S., data show Muslim kids experience bullying and harassment at a higher rate than other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/sfba/publications/2017-bullying-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> 53% of Muslim school-aged children in California said they have been “made fun of, verbally insulted or abused.” Nationally, 42% of Muslim children reported being bullied, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ispu.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/American-Muslim-Poll-2017-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. By comparison, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/2017/ss6708.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> found\u003c/a> 19% of all high school students say they have been bullied at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent training session at the Evergreen Islamic Center in San Jose, Shohoud and about two dozen teens sat in folding chairs, sometimes fidgeting with plastic water bottles, as they opened up about bearing the brunt of “9/11 jokes” or being insulted for their religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the kids who were becoming freshmen (this year) at this school were throwing the terms Muslim and terrorist,” Zayn Zaafran, 12, told the group, adding that he didn’t want to disclose he was Muslim. “I just backed off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Saman Ali, a senior at Monte Vista High School']‘I wanted to show kids that Muslims are just like anybody else.’[/pullquote]Schools are reflecting a larger dynamic in America, where incidents of bias and violence against Muslims have increased in recent years, said Dr. Nadia Ansary, an associate professor at Rider University in New Jersey who studies discrimination and bullying of Muslim youth. She points to President Donald Trump’s rhetoric and policies such as the travel ban as contributing to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incidents of bias and violence against Muslims in the U.S. spiked in 2017, with 2,599 reports of violence, harassment and discrimination, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.islamophobia.org/images/2019/Bias_Brief/BB_2_-_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a study\u003c/a> by CAIR, which has been tracking the trend since 2014. About one-third of the incidents reported, including employment discrimination and denial of service, were in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens in schools is a mirror image of what’s happening in society because schools are a part of our community,” said Ansary, adding that bullying puts children at greater risk for anxiety and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Islamic Networks Group training in San Jose, students reviewed their rights at school and brainstormed how to respond to potentially thorny scenarios, such as what a Muslim student should do when jokingly asked, “Hey are you planning to bomb the school?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students suggested doing nothing or telling an adult at the school. But Shohoud offered a different strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A really interesting response would be to ask, ‘What makes you say that?’ So they kind of have to admit that they are being Islamophobic, and nobody really wants to do that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ishaq Pathan, the group’s Bay Area director who leads the training, and the other students nodded in agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, turn it back,” said Pathan, 24. “That’s a great response, because it puts the ball in their court and they have to come to terms with whatever they are saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778606\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11778606 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1299\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-1200x812.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Aridin and Wajdi Barghouti participate at an ING training in San Jose on Sept. 13, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In general, school districts have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.educationdive.com/news/how-are-school-districts-legally-responsible-for-bullying/538619/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal obligation\u003c/a> to address bullying and protect students. California and other states have taken measures to curb the intensive and often repetitive form of harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the California Department of Education developed anti-bullying \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/ss/se/documents/bullymodule1.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidelines\u003c/a> that schools must make available to teachers and other staff members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those steps are not enough to fully tackle the magnitude of the problem, said Ansary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody has a right to be educated in an environment where they’re not abused. Everybody has a right to practice their faith traditions,” she said. “The data suggest that that’s not where we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Nadia Ansary, an associate professor at Rider University in New Jersey']‘What happens in schools is a mirror image of what’s happening in society because schools are a part of our community.’[/pullquote]If students intervene to confront bullies, start a conversation to counter negative stereotypes, or nip hurtful language or jokes in the bud, that helps create a better environment for everyone at school, Pathan told the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of this works if we just turn around and make fun of other people,” said Pathan. “It’s only going to work if we all reduce this thing together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the training, students also practice presenting fact-checked \u003ca href=\"https://ing.org/youth-presentations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">materials\u003c/a> to their community about the history of Muslims in America and their faith. Those include a list of more than 110 frequently asked questions and answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using all those those components to stem discrimination and empower students is what makes the program unique, said Ansary and Muslim leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Saman Ali, 17, finished the ING training two years ago, she gave presentations to hundreds of students at her high school about the basics of her religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to show kids that Muslims are just like anybody else,” said Ali, a senior at Monte Vista High School in Danville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she realized most of her peers didn’t know much about Islam. Classmates asked her if she fasted during Ramadan, why she doesn’t wear a hijab and if she prays five times a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They definitely wanted to know what do you do as a Muslim kid,” she said. “I can understand why they were confused. So I was there to clarify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monte Vista High teacher Jill Seidenverg has repeatedly invited Ali to share her presentation in her AP world history class. Students are often more receptive to learning from a peer, said Seidenverg, and she’s seen a positive impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='bullying' label='Related Coverage']“The more you know, the less afraid you are. And the less afraid you are, the less hateful or hurtful you can be as a human,” said Seidenverg, who has taught for 29 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience also helps the youth speakers gain confidence, as they trade their feelings of being powerless or victimized to ones of realizing they can be agents of change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ali said she used to want to transfer to another, more diverse high school. But she felt differently after taking the training and giving her presentations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt more comfortable at my school, and I also think that the kids felt more comfortable with Muslims at school because we kind of understood each other a little bit better,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through another ING initiative, Ali is now collaborating with Jewish and Sikh students who also face high rates of bullying to raise awareness and tolerance at schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Sunnyvale resident said she regrets staying silent and burying her frustration more recently, as classmates made offensive jokes about Muslims or equated them with being “terrorists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been in those situations, and I kind of wish I could relive them because I didn’t handle it the best,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shohoud decided to enroll in a program to help Muslim youths handle harassment, inform peers about their faith and, in the process, create a more positive school environment. Since the Youth Speakers Training program launched three years ago, the nonprofit Islamic Networks Group now offers it in California and seven other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778530\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sara Shohoud, 17, presents a sketch about Muslim identity and culture during the ING Youth Speakers program in San Jose.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Muslim_Teenagers_ING-Youth-Speakers-Program_ING-training_Islamic-Network-Group_American-Teen-Muslims_Islamophobia_anti-bullying_sara-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sara Shohoud, 18, presents a sketch about Muslim identity and culture during the Islamic Networks Group Youth Speakers training in San Jose on Sept. 13, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As anti-Muslim sentiment has grown in the U.S., data show Muslim kids experience bullying and harassment at a higher rate than other students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/sfba/publications/2017-bullying-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> 53% of Muslim school-aged children in California said they have been “made fun of, verbally insulted or abused.” Nationally, 42% of Muslim children reported being bullied, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ispu.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/American-Muslim-Poll-2017-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. By comparison, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/2017/ss6708.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> found\u003c/a> 19% of all high school students say they have been bullied at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent training session at the Evergreen Islamic Center in San Jose, Shohoud and about two dozen teens sat in folding chairs, sometimes fidgeting with plastic water bottles, as they opened up about bearing the brunt of “9/11 jokes” or being insulted for their religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the kids who were becoming freshmen (this year) at this school were throwing the terms Muslim and terrorist,” Zayn Zaafran, 12, told the group, adding that he didn’t want to disclose he was Muslim. “I just backed off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Schools are reflecting a larger dynamic in America, where incidents of bias and violence against Muslims have increased in recent years, said Dr. Nadia Ansary, an associate professor at Rider University in New Jersey who studies discrimination and bullying of Muslim youth. She points to President Donald Trump’s rhetoric and policies such as the travel ban as contributing to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incidents of bias and violence against Muslims in the U.S. spiked in 2017, with 2,599 reports of violence, harassment and discrimination, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.islamophobia.org/images/2019/Bias_Brief/BB_2_-_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a study\u003c/a> by CAIR, which has been tracking the trend since 2014. About one-third of the incidents reported, including employment discrimination and denial of service, were in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens in schools is a mirror image of what’s happening in society because schools are a part of our community,” said Ansary, adding that bullying puts children at greater risk for anxiety and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Islamic Networks Group training in San Jose, students reviewed their rights at school and brainstormed how to respond to potentially thorny scenarios, such as what a Muslim student should do when jokingly asked, “Hey are you planning to bomb the school?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students suggested doing nothing or telling an adult at the school. But Shohoud offered a different strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A really interesting response would be to ask, ‘What makes you say that?’ So they kind of have to admit that they are being Islamophobic, and nobody really wants to do that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ishaq Pathan, the group’s Bay Area director who leads the training, and the other students nodded in agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, turn it back,” said Pathan, 24. “That’s a great response, because it puts the ball in their court and they have to come to terms with whatever they are saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778606\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11778606 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1299\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/RS39173__M6A0802-qut-1-1200x812.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Aridin and Wajdi Barghouti participate at an ING training in San Jose on Sept. 13, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In general, school districts have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.educationdive.com/news/how-are-school-districts-legally-responsible-for-bullying/538619/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal obligation\u003c/a> to address bullying and protect students. California and other states have taken measures to curb the intensive and often repetitive form of harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the California Department of Education developed anti-bullying \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/ss/se/documents/bullymodule1.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidelines\u003c/a> that schools must make available to teachers and other staff members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those steps are not enough to fully tackle the magnitude of the problem, said Ansary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody has a right to be educated in an environment where they’re not abused. Everybody has a right to practice their faith traditions,” she said. “The data suggest that that’s not where we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If students intervene to confront bullies, start a conversation to counter negative stereotypes, or nip hurtful language or jokes in the bud, that helps create a better environment for everyone at school, Pathan told the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of this works if we just turn around and make fun of other people,” said Pathan. “It’s only going to work if we all reduce this thing together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the training, students also practice presenting fact-checked \u003ca href=\"https://ing.org/youth-presentations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">materials\u003c/a> to their community about the history of Muslims in America and their faith. Those include a list of more than 110 frequently asked questions and answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using all those those components to stem discrimination and empower students is what makes the program unique, said Ansary and Muslim leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Saman Ali, 17, finished the ING training two years ago, she gave presentations to hundreds of students at her high school about the basics of her religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to show kids that Muslims are just like anybody else,” said Ali, a senior at Monte Vista High School in Danville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she realized most of her peers didn’t know much about Islam. Classmates asked her if she fasted during Ramadan, why she doesn’t wear a hijab and if she prays five times a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They definitely wanted to know what do you do as a Muslim kid,” she said. “I can understand why they were confused. So I was there to clarify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monte Vista High teacher Jill Seidenverg has repeatedly invited Ali to share her presentation in her AP world history class. Students are often more receptive to learning from a peer, said Seidenverg, and she’s seen a positive impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The more you know, the less afraid you are. And the less afraid you are, the less hateful or hurtful you can be as a human,” said Seidenverg, who has taught for 29 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience also helps the youth speakers gain confidence, as they trade their feelings of being powerless or victimized to ones of realizing they can be agents of change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ali said she used to want to transfer to another, more diverse high school. But she felt differently after taking the training and giving her presentations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt more comfortable at my school, and I also think that the kids felt more comfortable with Muslims at school because we kind of understood each other a little bit better,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through another ING initiative, Ali is now collaborating with Jewish and Sikh students who also face high rates of bullying to raise awareness and tolerance at schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 100 Oakland residents and organizers gathered at Taylor Memorial United Methodist Church in West Oakland Saturday to discuss exactly how the Oakland Athletics can help Bay Area residents that might be displaced by the team’s proposed 34,000-seat waterfront ballpark at Howard Terminal near Jack London Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new stadium could affect residents and workers of West Oakland and Oakland’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to a packed house, Jahmese Myres, deputy director of the East Bay Alliance for a Sustainable Economy — part of the Oakland United Coalition — explained the permitting timeline and the coalition’s demands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include living-wage jobs for local residents, affordable housing and displacement protections, investment in youth programming and a commitment to addressing environmental impact in districts that are \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">already among the most negatively impacted within the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s absolutely about the A’s. We love our team. We want them to stay. We’re proud that they’re rooted in Oakland,” Myres told the crowd. “And we want them also to be rooted in community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Myres said the coalition formed approximately five years ago when talk of the Oakland Raiders and A’s were considering new stadiums in Oakland started going around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making an appearance, former mayoral candidate Cat Brooks told of being asked about the stadium on the campaign trail and the need for a community benefits agreement regardless of the complex’s location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778491\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"EBASE's Jahmese Myers addresses a crowd on Oct. 5, 2019 at a town hall regarding desired community benefits from the new Oakland A's stadium. Former mayoral candidate Kat Brooks prepares to speak. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EBASE’s Jahmese Myres addresses a crowd on Oct. 5, 2019 at a town hall regarding desired community benefits from the new Oakland A’s stadium. Former mayoral candidate Cat Brooks prepares to speak. \u003ccite>(Amy Mostafa/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alma Blackwell, an Oakland born and raised organizer summarized the sentiment of the meeting when she said: “Oakland is working hard to keep the A’s in Oakland, but how hard are they working to keep us in Oakland?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackwell cited the significant displacement of Oakland’s black residents over the past two decades. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11742341,news_11697296' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the town hall, Myres emphasized the need to speed along plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project is moving very quickly. The A’s have a very ambitious timeline, and so we need those guarantees in writing right away,” Myres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An A’s spokesperson said the team has already committed to addressing community requests in an agreement with the Port of Oakland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Myres said the agreement is not specific or legally binding to actionable items. She said the coalition had been in direct contact with the team regarding community benefits back in March but are now continuing discussion with the city as mediator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town hall was held as plans for the new stadium continue to advance between the baseball team and state and city officials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742341/alameda-county-oks-plan-to-sell-its-share-of-oakland-coliseum-complex-to-as\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A’s plans to purchase Alameda County’s share\u003c/a> of the 155-acre property encompassing the Coliseum and Oracle Arena for $85 million was \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/athletics/article/city-oakland-alameda-county-as-baseball-coliseum-14484237.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">stalled by a lawsuit\u003c/a> filed on behalf of the Oakland City Council last week. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team hopes construction on the new ballpark will begin in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 100 Oakland residents and organizers gathered at Taylor Memorial United Methodist Church in West Oakland Saturday to discuss exactly how the Oakland Athletics can help Bay Area residents that might be displaced by the team’s proposed 34,000-seat waterfront ballpark at Howard Terminal near Jack London Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new stadium could affect residents and workers of West Oakland and Oakland’s Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to a packed house, Jahmese Myres, deputy director of the East Bay Alliance for a Sustainable Economy — part of the Oakland United Coalition — explained the permitting timeline and the coalition’s demands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include living-wage jobs for local residents, affordable housing and displacement protections, investment in youth programming and a commitment to addressing environmental impact in districts that are \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">already among the most negatively impacted within the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s absolutely about the A’s. We love our team. We want them to stay. We’re proud that they’re rooted in Oakland,” Myres told the crowd. “And we want them also to be rooted in community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Myres said the coalition formed approximately five years ago when talk of the Oakland Raiders and A’s were considering new stadiums in Oakland started going around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making an appearance, former mayoral candidate Cat Brooks told of being asked about the stadium on the campaign trail and the need for a community benefits agreement regardless of the complex’s location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11778491\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"EBASE's Jahmese Myers addresses a crowd on Oct. 5, 2019 at a town hall regarding desired community benefits from the new Oakland A's stadium. Former mayoral candidate Kat Brooks prepares to speak. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11778491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/Myers-1920-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EBASE’s Jahmese Myres addresses a crowd on Oct. 5, 2019 at a town hall regarding desired community benefits from the new Oakland A’s stadium. Former mayoral candidate Cat Brooks prepares to speak. \u003ccite>(Amy Mostafa/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alma Blackwell, an Oakland born and raised organizer summarized the sentiment of the meeting when she said: “Oakland is working hard to keep the A’s in Oakland, but how hard are they working to keep us in Oakland?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blackwell cited the significant displacement of Oakland’s black residents over the past two decades. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the town hall, Myres emphasized the need to speed along plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project is moving very quickly. The A’s have a very ambitious timeline, and so we need those guarantees in writing right away,” Myres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An A’s spokesperson said the team has already committed to addressing community requests in an agreement with the Port of Oakland. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Myres said the agreement is not specific or legally binding to actionable items. She said the coalition had been in direct contact with the team regarding community benefits back in March but are now continuing discussion with the city as mediator. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town hall was held as plans for the new stadium continue to advance between the baseball team and state and city officials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742341/alameda-county-oks-plan-to-sell-its-share-of-oakland-coliseum-complex-to-as\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A’s plans to purchase Alameda County’s share\u003c/a> of the 155-acre property encompassing the Coliseum and Oracle Arena for $85 million was \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/athletics/article/city-oakland-alameda-county-as-baseball-coliseum-14484237.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">stalled by a lawsuit\u003c/a> filed on behalf of the Oakland City Council last week. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team hopes construction on the new ballpark will begin in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
